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£ -//(* ©©©Mpai®nal Employment on T'ransportation, Communications, Utilities, and Trad© °°cm,f NT U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics April 1982 Bulletin 2116 May 6 0, 'a* o a & \^ Lhi 19 8 2 e a Occupational Employment in Transportation, Communications, UtiSitfeig and Trad® U.S. Department of Labor Raymond J. Donovan, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner April 1982 Bulletin 2116 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D .C . 20402 - Price $4.75 The OES program provides information for many data users, including individuals and organizations en gaged in planning vocational educational programs, training programs supported by the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, and higher education. OES data also are used to prepare information for ca reer counseling, for job placement activities performed at State employment security offices, and for personnel planning and market research conducted by private enterprises. This bulletin was prepared in the Office of Employ ment Structure and Trends, Division of Occupational and Administrative Statistics, by Wanda L. Bland and Barbara L. Keitt under the direction of Thomas C. Shirk. John Shew and Warren Macurdy provided sta tistical and data processing support. Material in this publication is in the public domain and may, with appropriate credit, be reproduced with out permission. This bulletin provides data from a 1979 survey of oc cupational employment in the transportation, communi cations, utilities, and wholesale and retail trade indus tries. Results of the 1977 survey of manufacturing in dustries and the 1978 survey of selected nonmanufac turing industries can be found in Bulletin 2057, Occu pational Employment in Manufacturing Industries, 1977, and Bulletin 2088, Occupational Employment in Selected Nonmanufacturing Industries. This periodic survey is part o f a Federal-State coop erative program o f occupational employment statistics (OES). The OES program also includes preparation of the National/State Industry-Occupational Matrix—a set o f tables showing employment cross-classified by oc cupation and industry for the Nation and each State. In addition, the program includes Federal assistance to State employment security agencies in developing pro jections of occupational employment for States and areas. ill Contents Page Introduction...... ................................................................................. Sum m ary................................................................................... ............................................................................. T ransportation............................... Communications............................................................... Utilities................................... Wholesale trade........................................................................... Retail trade..................... 1 3 11 25 30 34 44 Charts: Distribution o f employment by industry in transportation, communications, utilities, and trade, 1979: 1. Managers and officers............................. 7 2. Professional workers................................... 7 3. Technical w orkers............................................................. 8 4. Service workers ......................... .......... ............................................................................................ 8 5. Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers................................ 9 6 . Clerical workers...... ................................. .................... ........................... .............. ......................... 9 7. Sales workers ^ ............................... 10 Tables: Transportation, communications, utilities, and wholesale and retail trade, 1979: 1. Employment.................................................. 5 2. Employment by major occupational g r o u p ................................. 6 3. Percent distribution o f employment by major occupational grou p ........................................ 6 4. Transportation industries: Percent distribution o f employment in major occupational groups by industry, 1979.................................................................................... 11 Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, 1979: 5. Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation................... 6. Motor freight transportation and warehousing ............... 7. Water transportation....................... 8. Air transportation......................................................................... 9. Pipe lines, except natural g a s ............................... 10. Transportation services.................................................................................................................... 11. Telephone, telegraph, and selected communication services ................................................... 12. Radio and television broadcasting........ .......................... 13. Electric, gas, steam, water, and sanitary services........................................................................ 14. Wholesale tr a d e......................................... 15. Wholesale trade—durable goods ................................................... 16. Wholesale trade—nondurable good s............................................................................................. 17. Retail trade: Percent distribution of employment in major occupational groups by industry, 1979.......... v 14 16 lg 20 22 23 26 28 31 36 39 42 44 C © r? t® n ts = C ® n tiin u 0d] Page Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, 1979: 18. Retail trade......................................................................................................................................... 19. Building materials, hardware, and garden supply stores, and mobile home d e a le r s........... 20. General merchandise stores ............................................................................................................ 21. Food stores......................................................................................................................................... 22. Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations........................................................................ 23. Apparel and accessory sto r e s.......................................................................................................... 24. Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment sto r e s.................................................................. 25. Eating and drinking p la c es.............................................................................................................. 26. Miscellaneous retail stores ........................................................................................ 48 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 64 Appendixes: A. Survey methods and reliability of estimates.................................................................................. 67 B. OES survey data available from State agencies............................................................................ 70 vi Irrtrodyetion The Occuptional Employment Statistics (OES) sur vey is designed to collect data on occupational employ ment of wage and salary workers by industry in nonagricultural establishments. The Bureau of Labor Sta tistics provides the procedures and technical assistance for the survey, State employment security agencies col lect the data, and the Employment and Training Ad ministration provides administrative support. In 1979, 45 States (including the District of Columbia) partici pated in the survey. BLS conducted a supplemental survey in 1979, with the financial aid of the National Science Foundation, to collect data in nonparticipating States and to develop national estimates. This bulletin presents national data only. Data on oc cupational employment in each of the participating States are available from the State employment secu rity agencies (appendix B). Population. Occupational titles and descriptions in the survey are based primarily on the Dictionary of Occu pational Titles.' The DO T was used to develop the defi nitions of detailed occupations because it is the most detailed classification available. Summary categories and residual groups generally follow the categories used in the 1970 census. “Crosswalks” have been developed between the two systems so that users may integrate OES data with data from sources using the Census classification. The industrial classification system is that described in the 1972 edition of the Standard Industrial Classifi cation Manual, 2 whereby reporting establishments are classified into industries on the basis of major product or activity. Concepts An establishment is an economic unit which produces goods or services. Generally, it is at a single physical location and is engaged predominantly in one type of economic activity. Where a single physical location en compasses two or more distinct activities, these are treated as separate establishments if separate payroll records are available and certain other criteria are met. Employment includes full- and part-time workers; workers on paid vacations or other types of leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences (i.e., illness, bad weather, temporary layoff, jury duty); salaried officers, executives, and staff of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom that unit is their permanent (home) duty station, regardless of whether the unit prepares their paycheck. Excluded from coverage are proprietors (owners and partners of unincorporated firms), self-employed, un paid family workers, and workers on extended leave (i.e., pensioners and members of the Armed Forces). Occupation refers to the occupation in which employ ees are working rather than the occupation for which they may have been trained. For example, an employee trained as an engineer but working as a drafter is re ported as a drafter. Survey procedures The survey is conducted over a 3-year cycle; manu facturing industries are surveyed in one year and nonmanufacturing industries in the other two years. Data are collected from a sample of establishments primarily by mail; telephone followups and personal visits are made when an establishment response is critical to the survey. The survey is based on a probability sample, stratified by industry and size of employment, designed to represent the total or “universe” of establishments covered by the survey. Data are requested for the pay period including the 12 th of the reference month, which is standard for all Federal agencies collecting employ ment data. For the 1979 survey, the reference month was April, May, or June (appendix A). For the 1979 survey, 28 separate questionnaires were used, each having detailed occupations related specifi cally to a particular industry’s activity. For example, “security checker” was surveyed in only one industry, air transportation. Cross-industry estimates, therefore, cannot be developed for most detailed occupations be cause not all detailed occupations were included on ev ery survey questionnaire. This bulletin presents cross-in dustry data for major occupational groups. 1Dictionary o f Occupational Titles, fourth edition (U.S. Employment Service, U.S. Department of Labor, 1977.) 2Standard Industrial Classification Manual (Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President, 1972), as amended in Supplement, 1977. Oeeupatti©mal and industrial classification The OES classification system combines two widely used systems—the Dictionary o f Occupational Titles (DOT) and the system used for the 1970 Census of 1 Employment is based upon survey results adjusted to reflect total industry employment. The percent of total employment refers to total employment in the industry. Relative error measures the level of confidence to be placed on each estimate. The percent of establishments reporting a particular occupation indicates the fre quency of occurrence of the occupation. Occupations with fewer than 50 workers or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are not shown separately but are included in the appropriate residual categories. Employment is rounded to the nearest ten. The rela tive error and the percent of respondents reporting the occupation are rounded to the nearest whole percent. The percent o f total employment was computed from rounded employment data. Working supervisors (those spending 20 percent or more o f their time at work similar to that done by workers under their supervision) are reported in the occupation most closely related to their work. Part-time workers, learners, and apprentices are re ported in the occupation in which they ordinarily work. Multiple jobholders (employees who work in two or more occupations) are reported in the occupation that requires the highest level of skill or in the occupation where the most time is spent if there is no measurable difference in skill requirements. A more detailed statement describing the survey is presented in appendix A. Dafta pr®g®Gi)t(§di This bulletin presents occupational employment for 2- digit SIC industries, except SIC 48 which is at the 3- digit SIC level.3 Data are presented for each indus 3Additional occupational employment data at the more detailed try under the following headings: Employment, percent 3-digit SIC level are available upon request from the Office of Em o f total employment, relative error, and percent of es ployment Structure and Trends. Definitions for all occupations sur veyed are also available upon request. tablishments reporting the occupation. 2 Summary such as science, engineering, technical work, art, edu cation, medicine, law, and business relations. Most of these occupations require substantial educational prepa ration, usually at the university level. The largest pro fessional occupation surveyed was accountant and/or auditor, followed by personnel and labor relations specialists. In 1979, about 914,000 professional workers were em ployed by the transportation, communications, utilities, and trade industries, or 3.7 percent of total employment in these industries. Chart 2 illustrates the distribution of professional workers among the industries surveyed. The largest concentrations of these workers were in miscellaneous retail stores and in wholesale firms sell ing durable goods. In 1979, 24.9 million workers were employed in the transportation, communications, utilities, and trade in dustries covered by this survey, or 28 percent of all nonagricultural wage and salary workers in the Nation. As shown in table 1, almost 82 percent o f the workers surveyed were employed in wholesale and retail trade. Of the 20.3 million persons working in the trade indus tries, 74 percent worked in retail trade. Workers were classified by occupation into seven major occupational groups: Managers and officers; pro fessional workers; technical workers; service workers; operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers; clerical workers; and sales workers. Tables 2 and 3 present the distribu tion of employment in the various industries surveyed. The following section discusses these seven occupa tional groups and presents charts illustrating their dis tribution among the surveyed industries. Subsequent sections deal with the major industry groups—transportation, communications, utilities, and wholesale and retail trade—and discuss employment in each by major occupational group. These sections also present occupational employment data by industry seg ment (two-digit SIC). Technical workers Technical occupations require theoretical knowledge of fundamental scientific, engineering, mathematical, computer programming, or draft design principles com parable to that acquired through study at technical schools and junior colleges, through other formal posthigh school training less extensive than a 4-year college course, or through equivalent on-the-job training or ex perience. The following are examples of the various technical occupations surveyed: Pharmacy helper, air plane pilot, surveyor, and broadcast technician. Even though there are such diverse occupations in these industries, technical workers totaled only 291,000, or 1 percent of the employment in the industries sur veyed. Chart 3 illustrates the distribution of technical workers among these industries. The durable goods seg ment of the wholesale trade industry employed 36 per cent of all technical workers in the industries surveyed. Air transportation and communications also ranked high in the employment of technical workers, with 57,000 and 48,000 employees, respectively. Managers and officers Persons holding positions as managers and officers are primarily concerned with the policymaking, plan ning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling ac tivities common to many types o f organizations. Also included are persons who, to some extent, may engage in the same activities as the workers they supervise, but who also plan, organize, control, and coordinate activi ties, and who may be responsible for such matters as finance. Occupations included in this group are plant, office, and sales managers, and corporate officers such as president, secretary, and treasurer. Managers and officers in the transportation, com munications, utilities, and trade industries totaled 2.3 million, or 9 percent of all employees in these industries in 1979. Chart 1 illustrates the distribution of managers and officers among the industries surveyed. The largest proportions were in eating and drinking places and in wholesale firms selling durable goods. Service workers Persons employed in this occupational group perform services for individuals or establishments. Service workers protect individuals and property, prepare and serve food and beverages, and clean interiors and equip ment of buildings, offices, stores, and similar places. Service workers ranked third among the seven oc cupational groups, with 4.8 million or 19 percent of to tal employment in the industries surveyed. As chart 4 illustrates, 85 percent of all service workers covered by Professional workers Persons employed in professional positions usually deal with the theoretical or practical aspects of fields 3 the survey were employed in eating and drinking places. No other single industry accounted for as much as 5 percent o f service worker employment. issuing, or shipping of materials, merchandise, supplies, or equipment. Office clerical workers are involved in preparing, transcribing, transferring, systematizing, and preserving written communications and records, as well as collecting accounts and distributing information. The largest clerical occupation surveyed was cashier; gen eral office clerk and stock clerk (stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard) ranked second and third, respectively. Clerical workers ranked second among the seven oc cupational groups, with 5.4 million or 22 percent of to tal employment in the industries surveyed. As chart 6 illustrates, the largest concentration of clerical workers, almost 919,000 or 17 percent, were employed in the du rable goods segment o f the wholesale trade industry. Retail food stores followed with 14 percent. ©pdrutiong, maantenanio®, ©©nsftryetion, repair, mat@ria! handling, and powerplant workers Persons employed in this occupational group include all skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled workers perform ing machine and manual tasks involving production, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant operations. Examples of occupations in this group are: Bus driver, electrician, pipelayer, and watchmaker. This occupational group, the largest of the seven ma jor groups for the industries combined, included 6.7 million workers, over one-fourth of total employment in the industries surveyed. As chart 5 illustrates, the largest concentration of these employees, 1 million or almost 15 percent, was in motor freight transportation and warehousing. However, the seven retail trade in dustries combined accounted for just over 40 percent of total employment surveyed in operating, mainte nance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations. Sales workers Sales workers include sales representatives and sales clerks. Sales representatives (also called sales agents or sales associates) require specific knowledge o f the com modity or service being sold. Sales clerks sell any of a large variety of goods or services and usually only re quire familiarity with the pricing of those goods and services. There were 4.5 million sales workers employed in the transportation, communications, utilities, and trade industries in 1979, or 18 percent of the total employment in these industries. As chart 7 illustrates, wholesale and retail trade accounted for almost all of the sales workers in the surveyed industries. General merchandise stores employed the largest number—1 million. Clerical workers Persons holding jobs in this occupational group are either plant clerical workers or office clerical workers. Plant clerical workers plan, coordinate, or expedite pro duction and the flow of work. These workers are also involved in the clerical aspects of receiving, storing, 4 Table 1. Employment in transportation, communications, utilities, and wholesale and retail trad®, 1979 Industry Employment Percent distribution Total............................................................. 24,901,190 100.0 Transportation ........................................................ Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation................ Motor freight transportation and warehousing .... Water transportation............................................ Air transportation................................................. Pipe lines, except natural g a s ............................. Transportation services....................................... 2,467,290 9.9 262,570 1,351,960 207,560 443,910 20,310 180,980 1.1 5.4 .8 1.8 .1 .7 Communications..................................................... Telephone, telegraph, and selected communication services................................ Radio and television broadcasting ..................... 1,316,460 5.3 1,128,470 187,990 4.5 .8 Utilities..................................................................... Electric, gas, steam, water, and sanitary services.......................................................... 796,460 3.2 796,460 3.2 Wholesale and retail trade..................................... 20,320,980 81.6 Wholesale tra d e .................................................. Wholesale trade-durable go o ds.................... Wholesale trade-nondurable goods.............. 5,245,250 3,115,850 2,129,400 21.1 12.5 8.6 Retail tra d e .......................................................... Building materials, hardware, garden supply, and mobile home dealers ......................... General merchandise stores........................... Food stores..................................................... Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations...................................................... Apparel and accessory stores........................ Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores......................................................... Eating and drinking places.............................. Miscellaneous retail......................................... 15,075,730 60.5 645,760 2,205,580 2,278,610 2.6 8.9 9.2 1,835,350 933,750 7.4 3.7 610,810 4,706,190 1,859,680 2.5 18.9 7.5 5 Table 2. Employment in transportation, communications, utilities, and wholesale and retail trade by major occupational group, 1979 Industry Total ......................................... Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation .............................. Motor freight transportation and warehousing ................................ Water transportation......................... Air transportation .............................. Pipe lines, except natural gas........... Transportation services..................... Telephone, telegraph, and selected communication services .............. Radio and television broadcasting.... Electric, gas, steam, water, and sanitary services......................... Wholesale trade-durable goods....... Wholesale trade-nondurable goods .. Building materials, hardware, garden supply, and mobile home dealers General merchandise stores............. Food stores ...................................... Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations........................... Apparel and accessory stores.......... Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores........................ Eating and drinking places............... Miscellaneous retail.......................... Managers and officers Professional workers Operating, mainte nance, con struction, re pair, mat erial handling, and powerplant workers Technical work Service work ers ers Clerical work ers Sales workers 2,308,510 914,090 290,660 4,760,730 6,730,560 5,400,320 4.496,320 13,520 1,470 7,380 4,780 205,260 29,210 950 92,640 26,390 29,430 1,770 32,210 10,880 5,320 13,980 1,980 47,930 1,240 2,190 57,010 1,380 540 13,550 9,040 67,920 10 4,980 999,560 137,700 118,370 13,200 27,840 212,000 23,730 151,880 1,970 58,850 22,090 3,190 5,320 109,330 32,000 52,950 81,710 30,800 16,920 13,290 3,000 383,550 2,000 515,780 30,490 22,770 21,870 61,560 287,660 192,210 66,480 161,450 73,620 41,740 104,830 10,670 16,930 36,570 50,680 403,100 919,780 792,370 200,590 918,590 598,780 6,060 686,970 411,070 76,580 159,150 187,540 18,550 69,470 39,790 830 4,870 530 8,170 144,600 194,530 213,140 243,230 734,860 143,820 563,370 778,230 184,670 1,020,890 343,130 261,540 129,190 22,470 25,670 1,230 290 51,280 14,280 925,660 87,580 277,860 134,760 295,310 541,980 82,120 323,560 210,110 26,030 28,760 165,580 1,220 560 6,430 13,470 4,048,250 65,400 170,450 31,680 321,230 127,240 220,200 412,970 190,280 53,180 677,960 - 8,630 - Data not available. Table 3. Percent distribution of employment in transportation, communications, utilities, and wholesale and retail trade by major occupational group, 1979 Industry Total ......................................... Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation .............................. Motor freight transportation and warehousing ................. '............. Water transportation......................... Air transportation .............................. Pipe lines, except natural gas........... Transportation services..................... Telephone, telegraph, and selected communication services .............. Radio and television broadcasting... Electric, gas, steam, water, and sanitary services......................... Wholesale trade-durable goods....... Wholesale trade-nondurable goods .. Building materials, hardware, garden supply, and mobile home dealers General merchandise stores............. Food stores...................................... Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations........................... Apparel and accessory stores.......... Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores......................... Eating and drinking places............... Miscellaneous retail.......................... ' All occupations Managers and officers Professional workers 100.0 9.3 3.7 1.2 19.1 27.0 21.7 18.1 100.0 5.1 .6 2.8 1.8 78.2 11.1 ,4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6.9 12.7 6.6 8.7 17.8 .8 2.6 3.1 9.7 26.5 .1 1.1 12.8 6.8 .3 1.0 4.4 15.3 0 2.8 73.9 66.3 26.7 65.0 15.4 15.7 11.4 34.2 9.7 32.5 1.6 1.5 1.2 4.8 100.0 100.0 9.7 17.0 4.7 43.5 2.7 9.0 1.2 1.6 34.0 1.1 45.7 16.2 2.0 11.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 7.7 9.2 9.0 8.3 5.2 3.5 5.2 3.4 .5 2.1 1.2 2.4 50.6 29.5 37.2 25.2 29.5 28.1 .8 22.0 19.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 . 11.9 7.2 8.2 2.9 3.1 1.7 .1 .2 0 1.3 6.6 8.5 33.0 11.0 32.3 22.3 25.5 34.2 28.6 46.3 15.1 100.0 100.0 14.3 13.8 1.2 2.7 .1 0 2.8 1.5 50.4 9.4 15.1 14.4 16.1 58.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.4 6.9 11.3 4.3 .6 8.9 .2 2.2 86.0 3.5 27.9 .7 17.3 20.8 4.7 22.2 31.2 1.1 36.5 • 0 Rounded to zero. Technical workers Operating, mainte nance, con Service work struction, re Clerical work Sales work ers pair, mat ers ers erial handling, and powerplant workers .3 Data not available. 6 Chart 1. managers and ©tigers Distribution by industry in transportation, communications, utilities, and trade, 1979 Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation Motor freight transportation and warehousing Water transportation Air transportation Pipe lines, except natural gas Transportation services Communications Electric, gas, steam, water, and sanitary services Wholesale trade—durable goods Wholesale trade—nondurable goods Building materials, hardware, garden supply, and mobile home dealers General merchandise stores Apparel and accessory stores Retail food stores Automotive dealers and service stations Furniture and home furnishings stores Eating and drinking places Miscellaneous retail stores Percent 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Chart 2. Professional workers Distribution by industry in transportation, communications, utilities, and trade, 1979 Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation Motor freight transportation and warehousing Water transportation Air transportation Pipe lines, except natural gas Transportation services Communications Electric, gas, steam, water, and sanitary services Wholesale trade—durable goods Wholesale trade—nondurable goods Building materials, hardware, garden supply, and mobile home dealers General merchandise stores Apparel and accessory stores Retail food stores Automotive dealers and service stations Furniture and home furnishings stores Eating and drinking places Miscellaneous retail stores Percent 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Chart 3= T@©tai<e®[l workers Distribution by industry in transportation, communications, utilities, and trade, 1979 Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation Motor freight transportation and warehousing Water transportation Air transportation Pipe lines, except natural gas Transportation services Communications Electric, gas, steam, water, and sanitary services Wholesale trade—durable goods Wholesale trade—nondurable goods Building materials, hardware, garden supply, and mobile home dealers General merchandise stores Apparel and accessory stores Retail food stores Automotive dealers and service stations Furniture and home furnishings stores Eating and drinking places Miscellaneous retail stores Percent Chart 4. S@rt?i©@workers Distribution by industry in transportation, communications, utilities, and trade, 1979 Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation Motor freight transportation and warehousing Water transportation Air transportation Pipe lines, except natural gas Transportation services Communications Electric, gas, steam, water, and sanitary services Wholesale trade—durable goods Wholesale trade—nondurable goods Building materials, hardware, garden supply, and mobile home dealers General merchandise stores Apparel and accessory stores Retail food stores Automotive dealers and service stations Furniture and home furnishings stores Eating and drinking places Miscellaneous retail stores Percent 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 Chart 5. Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers Distribution by industry in transportation, communications, utilities, and trade, 1979 Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation Motor freight transportation and warehousing Water transportation Air transportation Pipe lines, except natural gas Transportation services Communications Electric, gas, steam, water, and sanitary services Wholesale trade—durable goods Wholesale trade—nondurable goods Building materials, hardware, garden supply, and mobile home dealers General merchandise stores Apparel and accessory stores Retail food stores Automotive dealers and service stations Furniture and home furnishings stores Eating and drinking places Miscellaneous retail stores Percent Chart Clerical workers Distribution by industry in transportation, communications, utilities, and trade, 1979 Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation Motor freight transportation and warehousing Water transportation Air transportation Pipe lines, except natural gas Transportation services Communications Electric, gas, steam, water, and sanitary services Wholesale trade—durable goods Wholesale trade—nondurable goods Building materials, hardware, garden supply, and mobile home dealers General merchandise stores Apparel and accessory stores Retail food stores Automotive dealers and service stations Furniture and home furnishings stores Eating and drinking places Miscellaneous retail stores Percent 9 Chart 7. Sales workers Distribution by industry in transportation, communications, utilties, and trade, 1979 Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation Motor freight transportation and warehousing Water transportation Air transportation Pipe lines, except natural gas Transportation services Communications Electric, gas, steam, water, and sanitary services Wholesale trade—durable goods Wholesale trade—nondurable goods Building materials, hardware, garden supply, and mobile home dealers General merchandise stores Apparel and accessory stores Retail food stores Automotive dealers and service stations Furniture and home furnishings stores Eating and drinking places Miscellaneous retail stores Percent 10 Transportation Summary warehousing also employed the largest number o f these workers—93,000 or 47 percent of all managers and of ficers in transportation. Employees working in service occupations accounted for 4 percent of total employment in the transportation industries. Service workers were employed primarily by the air transportation industry, with 68,000 or 68 percent of all service workers in transportation. Professional and technical occupations, employing 82,000 and 70,000 workers, respectively, each accounted for 3 percent of transportation employment. Of the pro fessional workers, 48,000 or 59 percent were in occu pations which provide services related to transporta tion, such as travel guide or travel accommodations ap praiser. Of the technical workers, 57,000 or 82 percent were in air transportation. The majority o f these tech nical workers were airplane pilots. Sales occupations, the smallest occupational group in the transportation industries, accounted for less than 2 percent of transportation employment. Motor freight transportation and warehousing employed more than half of the sales workers in transportation, primarily as traffic agents. In 1979, 2.5 million persons were employed in the transportation industries. The motor freight transporta tion and warehousing industry was the largest employer, with 55 percent of all transportation workers (table 4). Air transportation ranked second, with 18 percent of total transportation employment. Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation employed 11 percent, and water transportation ac counted for 8 percent. Services incidental to transpor tation employed 7 percent of the total work force in this industry division; pipe line transportation (except natural gas) employed only 1 percent. The largest occupational group in the transportation industries consisted of operating, maintenance, con struction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers, who totaled 1.5 million or 61 percent of total employment in transportation. Two-thirds of these em ployees worked in motor freight transportation and warehousing. Clerical workers, the second largest occupational group in these industries, totaling 478,000, accounted for 19 percent of employment in transportation. Motor freight transportation and warehousing employed the largest number of these workers, with 212,000 or 44 percent of all clerical workers in transportation. Managers and officers, totaling 196,000, were the third largest occupational group, with 8 percent of transpor tation employment. Motor freight transportation and Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation Establishments in this industry include firms which provide transportation of passengers by bus, taxi, rail, Table 4. Transportation industries: Percent distribution of employment in major occupational groups by industry, 1979 Industry Professional workers Technical workers 195,960 100.00 81,560 100.00 69,740 100.00 100,280 100.00 1,501,930 100.00 477,640 100.00 40,180 100.00 10.64 6.90 1.80 10.58 4.77 13.67 6.12 2.36 54.80 8.41 17.99 .82 7.34 47.27 13.47 15.02 .90 16.44 13.34 6.52 17.14 2.43 58.77 1.78 3.14 81.75 1.98 .77 13.51 9.01 67.73 .01 4.97 66.55 9.17 7.88 .88 1.85 44.38 4.97 31.80 .41 12.32 54.98 7.94 13.24 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ - Data not available. Sales work ers Managers and officers Total T otal.......................................... 2,467,290 100.00 Percent................................. Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation............................ Motor freight transportation and warehousing .............................. Water transportation........................ Air transportation ............................ Pipe lines, except natural gas........ Transportation services .................. Operating, mainte nance, con Service work struction, re Clerical work pair, mat ers ers erial handling, and powerplant workers 11 - 21.48 eral office clerks (46,000) and vehicle, service, or work dispatchers (31,000). The remaining industry employ ment consisted of managers and officers, with 7 percent of the work force; sales workers, with 2 percent; serv ice workers, with 1 percent; and professional and tech nical workers, with less than 1 percent each. The five largest occupations in the motor freight transportation and warehousing industry, in order of predominance, are shown in the following tabulation: or subway within a single municipality, between neigh boring municipalities, or between a municipality and its surrounding locale, as well as establishments which sup ply transportation to local scenic features. (Interurban rail service is not included.) The industry also includes firms which supply terminal and maintenance services. O f the 263,000 workers employed in this industry in 1979, more than 78 percent were in operating, mainte nance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations (table 5). The largest concen tration of these workers was in the school bus industry. Clerical workers accounted for 11 percent of total in dustry employment; more than one-third of these were in the taxicab industry. Managers and officers ranked third among the occupational groups, with 14,000 or 5 percent of the industry employment. Professional and technical workers accounted for only 3 percent of the industry work force, with 9,000 employees. The remain ing 2 percent of the industry’s workers were in service and sales occupations. As the following tabulation indicates, bus driver was, by far, the most populous occupation in the industry, with 122,320 workers. More than half of these were school bus drivers. Taxi drivers also ranked high, with 16 percent of industry employment. School bus driver ........... Bus driver, except school bus.................................... Taxi driver ....................... Vehicle, service, or work dispatcher........................ Automobile mechanic .... Employment Percent of industry employment 65,260 24.9 57,060 41,480 21.7 15.8 9,230 8,880 3.5 3.4 Tractor-trailer truck driver................................... Manager or officer ............. Truck driver, heavy ........... Delivery or route worker ... Truck driver helper............ percent oj industry employment 455,940 92,640 92,520 76,910 64,480 33.7 6.9 6.8 5.7 4.8 Water transportation This industry comprises establishments conducting freight and passenger transportation on the open seas or inland waterways, and those which furnish inciden tal services such as lighterage, canal operation, and tow ing. Also included are excursion boats, sightseeing boats, and water taxis. Charter and party fishing boats are not included. Of the 208,000 workers in this industry in 1979, twothirds were in operating, maintenance, construction, re pair, material handling, and powerplant occupations (ta ble 7). Marine cargo handling, canal operation, and mis cellaneous water transportation services employed the large majority of these workers. Managers and officers ranked second in industry employment with 13 percent of the industry’s workers, while clerical workers ac counted for 11 percent. Service workers accounted for 4 percent of the employment; professional workers, 3 percent; sales workers, 2 percent; and technical workers, only 1 percent. The five most populous occupations in the water transportation industry are shown in the following tabulation: Eltotor freight transportation and warehousing This industry is composed of establishments which furnish local or long-distance trucking, or those engaged in the storage of farm products, furniture or other house hold goods, or commercial goods of any nature. The operation of terminal facilities for handling freight, with or without maintenance facilities, is also included. (Es tablishments engaged in field warehousing or storing natural gas are excluded). Local and long-distance trucking accounted for 93 percent of employment in this industry; public ware housing, 6 percent; and terminal and maintenance fa cilities for trucking, only 0.5 percent. As shown in table 6, 74 percent of all workers in the motor freight transportation and warehousing industry were in operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations. Over 608,000, or 60 percent of these, were truck drivers, three-fourths of whom drove tractor-trailers. Clerical workers accounted for 16 percent of industry employ ment. The two largest clerical occupations were gen Employment Ordinary seaman....... Captain, water vessel Able seaman.............. Ship engineer ............ Food service workers Employment Percent of industry employment 16,260 10,560 9,130 7,240 5,150 7.8 5.1 4.4 3.5 2.5 Air transportation This industry consists of establishments which pri marily furnish foreign and domestic air transportation, but also includes establishments which operate airports and flying fields, and those which perform terminal services. 12 In 1979, air transportation employed 444,000 workers, or 18 percent of all workers in the transportation indus tries. Companies holding certificates of public conve nience and necessity under the Civil Aeronautics Act accounted for 84 percent of the workers in air trans portation; those which operate and maintain airports and flying fields and/or service, repair, and store air craft accounted for 11 percent, and noncertificated air carriers, 5 percent. Clerical occupations accounted for the largest num ber of workers, 152,000, or one-third of the employment in air transportation. Most of these were reservation agents, ticket agents, or transportation agents (see table 8 for further detail). Over one-fourth of the employees in air transportation were in operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations. Almost half of the workers in this occu pational group were aircraft mechanics. Service occu pations accounted for 15 percent of air transportation employment. Of all service workers, flight attendant was the largest occupation. Technical workers were the fourth largest occupational group in air transporta tion. Eighty-three percent of all technical workers in* this industry were airplane pilots. Managers and offi cers, professional workers, and sales workers accounted for 11 percent of all workers in the industry. The following tabulation ranks the five largest occu pations in the air transportation industry: Employment Flight attendant ... Aircraft mechanic Reservation agent Airplane p ilo t..... Ticket agent ....... 54,230 52,280 48,680 47,290 37,490 Percent of industry employment 12.2 11.8 11.0 10.7 8.5 Pop® lines, natural gas This industry comprises establishments which pro vide the pipe line transportation of petroleum and other commodities (except natural gas), and includes estab lishments which produce and refine petroleum, but sepa rately report pipe line operations. Of the 20,000 workers in this industry in 1979, nearly two-thirds were in operating, maintenance, construc tion, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupa tions (table 9). Professional workers, the second largest occupational group, accounted for 10 percent of pipe line transportation employment. More than half of the professional workers in the industry were engineers. Workers in clerical occupations were almost as large a group as professionals. Almost all of these worked in office clerical positions. The remaining industry em ployment consisted primarily of managers and officers, with 9 percent of the employment; and technical workers, with 7 percent. The five largest occupations in this industry are listed in the tabulation below: Pipeliner............................. G ager................................. Main line station engineer Manager or officer .......... Electrician ......................... Percent of industry employment 2,770 2,640 1,900 1,770 1,530 13.6 13.0 9.4 8.7 7.5 Transportation] services This industry includes establishments which furnish services incidental to transportation, such as the ar rangement of passenger and freight transportation, and forwarding and packing services. In 1979, this industry employed 181,000 persons or only 7 percent of total employment in transportation. Sixty-three percent of the workers in this industry pri marily furnish travel information, act as agents in ar ranging tours and transporting passengers, or act as in dependent agents for transportation establishments. Also included are persons arranging for the transpor-. tation of freight and cargo. However, workers in es tablishments which transport goods from shippers to receivers for a fee covering the entire transportation, and in turn use services of other transportation estab lishments for delivery, account for 25 percent of the 'employment in transportation services. Ten percent of the workers in this industry are employed in establish ments which provide miscellaneous services incidental to transportation, such as packing and crating goods for shipment, and the operation of highway bridges, tunnels, and toll roads. The remaining 2 percent are employed in establishments which provide for the rental of railroad cars to transport passengers and/or freight. Clerical occupations accounted for the largest num ber of workers in the transportation services industry, with nearly one-third of industry employment. Profes sional workers ranked second, with 26 percent. Of these workers, almost all were travel agents or travel accom modations appraisers (table 10). Managers and officers ranked third among the occupational groups, with 18 percent of the industry employment. Operating, main tenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations accounted for 15 percent of the industry work force, and sales, service, and technical occupations constituted the remaining 8 percent. The five most populous occupations in transportation services are shown in the tabulation below: Travel agent or travel accommodations appraiser Manager or officer ............. General office clerk ........... Hand bookkeeper................. Secretary .............................. 13 Employment Employment percent oj inaustry employment 44,900 32,210 15,330 5,900 5,350 24.8 17.8 8.5 3.3 3.0 TabSs 5. Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (SIC 41) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation - Total ................................................................... 262,570 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 13,520 5.15 n.a. 73 Professional occupations.......................................... Accountant and/or auditor .................................... All other professional workers............................... 1,470 1,140 330 .56 .43 .13 n.a. 6 n.a. n.a. 12 n.a. Technical occupations............................................... Emergency medical technician ............................. All other technicians............................................ 7,380 7,270 110 2.81 2.77 .04 n.a. 9 n.a. n.a. 8 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... All other service workers....................................... 4,780 1,850 150 2,780 1.82 .70 .06 1.06 n.a. 7 14 n.a. n.a. 11 1 n.a. 205,260 14,440 8,880 1,260 4,220 80 760 1,270 57,060 4,500 70 2,000 70 1,690 41,480 78.17 5.50 3.38 .48 1.61 .03 .29 .48 21.73 1.71 .03 .76 .03 .64 15.80 n.a. n.a. 3 6 4 n.a. 29 13 2 3 39 4 14 6 2 n.a. n.a. 35 9 11 n.a. 2 2 26 19 (3) 14 (3) 9 25 1,450 6,880 65,260 7,460 160 200 510 .55 2.62 24.85 2.84 .06 .08 .19 6 12 2 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 8 6 24 10 n.a. n.a. n.a. 29,210 17,260 70 230 570 450 30 5,170 1,620 1,260 60 1,790 1,610 180 3,700 80 440 11,950 620 11.12 6.57 .03 .09 .22 .17 .01 1.97 .62 .48 .02 .68 .61 .07 1.41 .03 .17 4.55 .24 n.a. n.a. n.a. 11 8 8 19 3 7 5 22 5 12 20 8 20 n.a. n.a. 14 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 6 . 4' (3) 31 8 16 1 18 8 1 11 (3) n.a. n.a. 3 600 370 9,230 1,090 40 .23 .14 3.52 .42 .02 8 20 3 11 n.a. 6 2 41 7 n.a. Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Body repairer, automotive................................. Diesel mechanic ................................................ All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Baggage handler.................................................... Bus driver................................................................ Cleaner, vehicle...................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Taxi d river............................................................... Service station attendant, fuel pump attendant, and/or lubricator............................................... Chauffeur................................................................. Bus driver, school.................................................. Ambulance driver and/or attendant ...................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffice .............................................. Office machine operators ...................................... Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Cashier ................................................................... Claim adjuster......................................................... General clerk, o ffic e ............................................... Information clerk .................................................... Payroll and/or timekeeping cle rk.......................... Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................. Switchboard operator............................................. Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ Ticket agent............................................................ Typist ...................................................................... All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, p la n t............................................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage y a rd .................................................................... Taxi or bus meter reader....................................... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or work ..................... Police, fire and ambulance dispatcher.................. All other plant clerical workers ............................. See footnotes at end of table. Table 5. Local and suburban transit and interurban highway passenger transportation: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—Continued (SIC 41) Occupation Sales occupations..................................................... Traffic agent ........................................................... All other sales agents, sales associates, and/or sales representatives ....................................... All other sales workers .......................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 950 830 0.36 .32 100 20 .04 .01 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 8 n.a. n.a. Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 6 n.a. n.a. employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 15 Table 6. Motor freight transportation and warehousing: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, EVJay 1979 (SIC 42) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation T o ta l.................................................................... 1,351,960 100.00 - Managers and officers............................................... 92,640 6.85 n.a. 84 Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers ................................................................ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Personnel and labor relations specialist............... All other professional workers............................... 10,880 570 720 6,960 1,600 1,030 .80 .04 .05 .51 .12 .08 n.a. 42 15 9 19 n.a. n.a. 2 4 14 6 n.a. Technical occupations............................................... Computer programmer........................................... All other technicians............................................... 1,240 1,020 220 .09 .08 .02 n.a. 41 n.a. n.a. 4 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Food service workers............................................. All other service workers....................................... 13,550 9,370 2,630 280 1,270 1.00 .69 .19 .02 .09 n.a. 11 13 n.a. n.a. n.a. 20 5 n.a. n.a. 999,560 64,280 15,660 1,340 43,720 1,380 73.93 4.75 1.16 .10 3.23 .10 n.a. n.a. 9 38 7 33 n.a. n.a. 17 3 31 2 640 1,540 92,520 59,820 455,940 160 2,580 2,900 76,910 23,450 23,260 300 2,210 860 3,760 250 14,000 210 1,250 .05 .11 6.84 4.42 33.72 .01 .19 .21 5.69 1.73 1.72 .02 .16 .06 .28 .02 1.04 .02 .09 31 n.a. 7 12 2 35 30 19 8 12 9 29 18 30 12 46 14 22 31 2 n.a. 22 17 57 1 4 2 14 29 17 1 5 2 2 1 3 1 2 2,620 1,560 64,480 4,330 4,430 5,350 92,130 .19 .12 4.77 .32 .33 .40 6.81 24 18 8 16 n.a. n.a. n.a. 5 6 18 3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 212,000 128,380 9,880 1,760 2,400 880 4,240 14,050 4,570 2,340 2,280 46,400 15.68 9.50 .73 .13 .18 .07 .31 1.04 .34 .17 .17 3.43 n.a. n.a. 8 15 26 n.a. 24 5 23 19 26 7 n.a. n.a. 16 6 5 n.a. 9 23 10 8 7 48 Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerpiant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Body repairer, automotive................................. Diesel mechanic................................................. Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver, heavy................................................ Truck driver, light ................................................... Tractor trailer truck d river...................................... Carpenter................................................................ Cleaner, vehicle...................................................... Crane, derrick, and/or hoist operator................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Order fille r............................................................... Painter, automotive................................................ Refuse collector..................................................... Stationary engineer................................................ Welder and/or flamecutter .................................... Service station attendant, fuel pump attendant, and/or lubricator.............................................. Tire changer ........................................................... Truck driver helper................................................. Locker plant attendant........................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffice .............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator...... Computer operator.................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ All other office machine operators........................ Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Adjustment clerk .................................................... Cashier .................................................................... File clerk.................................................................. General clerk, o ffic e ............................................... See footnotes at end of table. 16 - Table 6. Motor freight transportation and warehousing: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1979—Continued (SIC 42) Occupation Clerical workers, office Payroll and/or timekeeping clerk........................... Personnel clerk ...................................................... Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................. Switchboard operator............................................. Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ T ypist...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p lant......................... All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, p la n t.............................................. Shipping packer...................................................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage ya rd ................................................................... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or work ..................... Manifest c le rk ......................................................... Freight rate clerk.................................................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. Sales occupations..................................................... Crating and moving estimator............................... Traffic agent ........................................................... All other sales agents, sales associates, and/or sales representatives ....................................... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 2,800 910 470 18,340 740 1,420 4,410 4,130 6,360 83,620 14,340 9,660 0.21 .07 .03 1.36 .05 .11 .33 .31 .47 6.19 1.06 .71 14 28 22 6 49 10 44 27 n.a. n.a. 33 24 13 5 3 32 4 9 8 9 n.a. n.a. 9 11 14,360 30,780 1,320 9,350 3,810 1.06 2.28 .10 .69 .28 24 6 25 7 n.a. 14 36 4 18 n.a. 22,090 6,610 10,050 1.63 .49 .74 n.a. 9 10 n.a. 8 14 4,900 530 .36 .04 n.a. 42 n.a. 1 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. Relative error (in percentage)2 17 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. Not available. Table 7. Water transportation: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1979 (Sic 44) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Total ................................................................... 207,560 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. Captain, water vessel ............................................. Pilot, ship................................................................. All other managers and officers ........................... 26,390 10,560 3,650 12,180 12.71 5.09 1.76 5.87 n.a. 5 10 3 n.a. 34 13 75 Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Marine engineer................................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Personnel and labor relations specialist............... All other professional workers............................... 5,320 1,420 820 330 270 240 680 1,490 420 1,070 2.56 .68 .40 .16 .13 .12 .33 .72 .20 .52 n.a. n.a. 10 17 n.a. 22 11 8 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 11 3 n.a. 2 14 19 8 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Surveyor.............................................................. All other engineering technicians...................... Radio operator ....................................................... All other technicians.............................................. 2,190 230 670 540 130 810 480 1.06 .11 .32 .26 .06 .39 .23 n.a. 14 n.a. 36 n.a. 11 n.a. n.a. 4 n.a. 1 n.a. 6 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly.................... Ship steward........................................................... All other service workers ....................................... 9,040 1,050 790 5,150 490 1,060 500 4.36 .51 .38 2.48 .24 .51 .24 n.a. 17 14 9 19 22 n.a. n.a. 9 7 16 3 3 n.a. Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Diesel mechanic................................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Marine mechanic and/or repairer ..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter ............................................................... Crane, derrick, and/or hoist operator ................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Firer, marine ........................................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Instrument repairer................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Flelper, trades......................................................... Marine service station attendant .......................... Oiler ........................................................................ Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Stationary boiler fire r............................................. Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Plastic boat patcher............................................... Boatswain............................................................... Able seaman........................................................... Ordinary seaman.................................................... Signaller.................................................................. Ship engineer ......................................................... Motorboat operator................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... 137,700 7,850 990 930 130 3,810 1,340 650 1,120 680 2,880 240 650 900 3,140 1,140 4,400 60 1,440 1,270 800 2,070 410 200 40 1,890 280 1,680 9,130 16,260 360 7,240 760 1,440 66.34 3.78 .48 .45 .06 1.84 .65 .31 .54 .33 1.39 .12 .31 .43 1.51 .55 2.12 .03 .69 .61 .39 1.00 .20 .10 .02 .91 .13 .81 4.40 7.83 .17 3.49 .37 .69 n.a. n.a. 17 13 25 10 37 n.a. 22 16 18 37 20 22 17 17 12 40 15 16 21 13 25 32 43 17 43 12 12 4 23 9 26 n.a. n.a. n.a. 6 7 2 24 4 n.a. 7 9 12 2 5 1 19 6 9 (3) 11 7 6 8 5 1 (3) 9 4 6 10 31 2 13 3 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 18 - Table 7. Water transportation: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1979—Continued (Sic 44) Occupation Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 5,120 64,250 2.47 30.95 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffice............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator...... Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator...................... All other office machine operators....................... Stenographer.......................................................... Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Cashier ................................................................... File clerk................................................................. General clerk, office .............................................. Payroll and/or timekeeping clerk.......................... Personnel clerk ...................................................... Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................ Switchboard operator............................................. Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ Ticket agent............................................................ T ypist...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t......................... All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, pla n t.............................................. Production clerk and/or coordinator..................... Shipping packer...................................................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage ya rd ........................................................ •.......... All other plant clerical workers ............................. 23,730 19,580 290 290 390 70 220 430 1,910 1,000 620 350 3,930 820 240 260 3,240 210 400 560 1,230 930 2,190 4,150 200 1,140 1,100 11.43 9.43 .14 .14 .19 .03 .11 .21 .92 .48 .30 .17 1.89 .40 .12 .13 1.56 .10 .19 .27 .59 .45 1.06 2.00 .10 .55 .53 n.a. n.a. 35 11 12 37 n.a. 18 9 10 28 13 12 7 12 15 7 13 8 42 9 12 n.a. n.a. 18 34 23 n.a. n.a. 5 5 4 1 n.a. 4 17 20 6 5 26 18 5 6 32 4 12 2 12 10 n.a. n.a. 3 3 6 580 1,130 .28 .54 13 n.a. 8 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales representative, sales agent, and/or sales associate........................................................... Sales c le rk .............................................................. 3,190 1.54 n.a. n.a. 2,570 620 1.24 .30 11 26 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated 18 6 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 19 Table 8. Air transportation: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (Sic 45) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Total ................................................................... 443,910 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 29,430 6.63 n.a. 88 Professional occupations........... - ............................ Engineers, total ...................................................... Aeronautical engineer........................................ Electrical and/or electronic engineer ............... Industrial engineer............................................. All other engineers............................................. Natural and/or mathematical scientist.................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Teacher and/or instructor, vocational education or training.......................................................... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Public relations practitioner ................................... All other professional workers............................... 13,980 1,830 1,200 210 220 200 340 1,140 3.15 .41 .27 .05 .05 .05 .08 .26 n.a. n.a. 32 35 25 n.a. 19 22 n.a. n.a. 1 1 1 n.a. 1 3 3,690 820 2,350 120 550 300 2,840 .83 .18 .53 .03 .12 .07 .64 10 15 24 28 16 28 n.a. 19 9 13 1 6 4 n.a. Technical occupations............................................... Computer programmer ........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Electrical and/or electronic technicians........... All other engineering technicians...................... Flight engineer........................................................ Airplane p ilo t........................................................... Radio operator ....................................................... All other technicians.............................................. 57,010 1,230 1,200 960 240 5,700 47,290 520 1,070 12.84 .28 .27 .22 .05 1.28 10.65 .12 .24 n.a. 22 n.a. 33 n.a. 15 6 30 n.a. n.a. 3 n.a. 3 n.a. 4 41 4 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Food service workers............................................ Flight attendant ...................................................... Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly.................... Baggage porter, transportation ............................. All other service workers....................................... 67,920 3,040 620 3,670 54,230 2,980 2,350 1,030 15.30 .68 .14 .83 12.22 .67 .53 .23 n.a. 12 21 22 3 11 16 n.a. n.a. 16 3 3 6 8 5 n.a. 118,370 58,360 52,280 2,070 470 1,050 26.67 13.15 11.78 .47 .11 .24 n.a. n.a. 3 9 19 16 n.a. n.a. 58 10 3 4 230 1,690 570 2,010 6,260 80 6,170 440 230 6,540 360 920 1,120 430 180 80 310 29,780 500 1,260 1,280 2,060 .05 .38 .13 .45 1.41 .02 1.39 .10 .05 1.47 .08 .21 .25 .10 .04 .02 .07 6.71 .11 .28 .29 .46 35 18 n.a. 16 27 27 9 44 25 12 23 32 19 17 31 34 29 9 17 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 4 n.a. 7 4 1 11 2 1 19 1 1 5 2 1 (3) 2 41 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, aircraft.............................................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Radio mechanic................................................. Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... Electronic mechanic........................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Baggage handler.................................................... Carpenter ............................................................... Cleaner, vehicle...................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician................................................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Welder and/or flamecutter .................................... Line service attendant........................................... Aircraft painter........................................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. See footnotes at end of table. 20 - Table 8. Air transportation: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—Continued (Sic 45) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffic e ............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator...... Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator...................... All other office machine operators........................ Stenographer.......................................................... Accounting clerk..................................................... Reservation agent.................................................. Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Adjustment clerk .................................................... Cashier ................................................................... File clerk................................................................. General clerk, office .............................................. Payroll and/or timekeeping clerk........................... Personnel clerk ...................................................... Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................ Switchboard operator............................................. Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ Ticket agent............................................................ Typist ...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t......................... All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, pla n t.............................................. Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard .................................................................... Airplane dispatcher................................................ Crew scheduler ...................................................... Transportation agent .............................................. All other plant clerical workers ............................. 151,880 120,850 100 990 1,430 390 390 740 4,600 48,680 380 590 240 390 3,280 1,050 320 540 11,340 330 260 37,490 1,420 4,470 1,430 31,030 34.21 27.22 .02 .22 .32 .09 .09 .17 1.04 10.97 .09 .13 .05 .09 .74 .24 .07 .12 2.55 .07 .06 8.45 .32 1.01 .32 6.99 n.a. n.a. 24 22 22 20 n.a. 20 17 12 18 24 21 18 15 9 15 17 17 20 20 8 13 14 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 3 3 1 n.a. 4 15 13 6 3 3 3 20 16 4 8 49 2 5 28 8 9 n.a. n.a. 4,810 2,660 1,200 20,970 1,390 1.08 .60 .27 4.72 .31 14 13 10 12 n.a. 13 14 4 22 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales representative, sales agent, and/or sales associate........................................................... All other sales workers .......................................... 5,320 1.20 n.a. n.a. 4,280 1,040 .96 .23 30 n.a. 21 n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero. n.a. Not available. 21 Table 9. Pipe lines, except natural gas: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (Sic 46) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Total ................................................................... 20,310 100.00 - Managers and officers............................................... 1,770 8.71 n.a. 70 Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Electrical and/or electronic engineer ............... Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................. Physical scientists.................................................. Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Right of way agent ................................................ All other professional workers............................... 1,980 1,070 380 490 200 50 60 420 120 80 180 9.75 5.27 1.87 2.41 .98 .25 .30 2.07 .59 .39 .89 n.a. n.a. 21 23 n.a. n.a. 21 19 43 21 n.a. n.a. n.a. 17 23 n.a. n.a. 9 11 9 10 n.a. Technical occupations............................................... Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................. Electrical and/or electronic technicians........... Airplane p ilo t........................................................... All other technicians............................................... 1,380 50 1,200 180 1,020 70 60 6.79 .25 5.91 .89 5.02 .34 .30 n.a. 38 36 25 11 22 n.a. n.a. 3 61 14 48 5 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Service workers...................................................... 10 10 .05 .05 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations3........................................................ Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Diesel mechanic ................................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Truck driver............................................................. Relay dispatcher .................................................... Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Gager...................................................................... Heavy equipment operator.................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Main line station engineer ..................................... Stationary engineer................................................ Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Field mechanical meter tester............................... Pipeliner.................................................................. All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. 13,200 490 70 420 690 760 340 1,530 2,640 60 630 1,900 100 290 320 2,770 70 180 430 64.99 2.41 .34 2.07 3.40 3.74 1.67 7.53 13.00 .30 3.10 9.35 .49 1.43 1.58 13.64 .34 .89 2.12 n.a. 53 42 11 23 15 27 7 9 23 13 15 32 13 16 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 37 5 32 23 21 16 70 54 7 32 50 4 27 23 62 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, office............................................. Accounting clerk..................................................... General clerk, office .............................................. Secretary................................................................ T ypist...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t......................... Ail other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, p lant.............................................. 1,970 1,930 360 670 520 120 110 150 40 9.70 9.50 1.77 3.30 2.56 .59 .54 .74 .20 n.a. n.a. 19 14 14 19 27 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 14 33 27 13 8 n.a. n.a. employment and percent of total employment: relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Includes pipeline, transportation, petroleum, and extraction workers. n.a. Not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated - 22 Table 10. Transportation services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1979 (Sic 47) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Total ................................................................... 180,980 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 32,210 17.80 n.a. 89 Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers ............................................................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Travel agent and/or travel accommodations appraiser ........................................................... All other professional workers............................... 47,930 200 150 250 1,230 170 26.48 .11 .08 .14 .68 .09 n.a. 24 25 14 9 13 n.a. 1 1 2 6 2 44,900 1,030 24.81 .57 2 n.a. 57 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technician........................................... All other technicians.............................................. 540 290 60 190 .30 .16 .03 .10 n.a. 16 30 n.a. n.a. 2 (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service on ly.................... Guide, travel .......................... ,.............................. Guide, sightseeing or establishment ..................... All other service workers....................................... 4,980 460 280 150 160 2,480 600 850 2.75 .25 .15 .08 .09 1.37 .33 .47 n.a. 15 20 50 22 12 26 n.a. n.a. 3 1 (3) 1 4 1 n.a. Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter ................................................................ Crater...................................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician................................................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Maintenance repairer, general utility ..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Welder and/or flamecutter .................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. 27,840 780 310 50 420 4,200 150 720 2,600 60 1,040 2,320 410 600 100 1,160 1,390 1,930 10,380 15.38 .43 .17 .03 .23 2.32 .08 .40 1.44 .03 .57 1.28 .23 .33 .06 .64 .77 1.07 5.74 n.a. n.a. 16 34 n.a. 9 28 17 12 32 9 14 18 25 30 18 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 (3) n.a. 6 (3) 1 4 (3) 4 3 2 1 1 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffice .............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator...... Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator...................... All other office machine operators........................ Stenographer.......................................................... Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Cashier................................................................... File clerk................................................................. General clerk, office ............................................... Order c le rk.............................................................. Payroll and/or timekeeping cle rk........................... Personnel clerk ...................................................... Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................. Switchboard operator............................................. Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ 58,850 52,270 2,000 530 830 200 340 740 2,820 5,900 860 750 15,330 890 320 130 2,220 5,350 250 560 32.52 28.88 1.11 .29 .46 .11 .19 .41 1.56 3.26 .48 .41 8.47 .49 .18 .07 1.23 2.96 .14 .31 n.a. n.a. 6 9 12 19 n.a. 10 6 3 18 8 4 13 8 11 7 4 18 6 n.a. n.a. 10 3 3 1 n.a. 4 9 35 3 5 31 2 4 2 14 27 2 6 See footnotes at end of table. 23 - Table 10. Transportation services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1979—Continued (Sic 47) Occupation Clerical workers, office Messenger .............................................................. T ypist...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t........................ All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, p la n t.............................................. Shipping packer...................................................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Weigher, recordkeeping ......................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage ya rd ................................................................... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or work ..................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. Sales occupations..................................................... Crating and moving estimator............................... Traffic agent ........................................................... All other sales agents, sales associates, and/or sales representatives ....................................... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment' Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 1,320 4,820 1,700 4,410 6,580 2,020 1,600 190 0.73 2.66 .94 2.44 3.64 1.12 .88 .10 8 6 7 n.a. n.a. 14 11 21 7 14 7 n.a. n.a. 3 5 1 1,000 890 880 .55 .49 .49 16 13 n.a. 3 4 n.a. 8,630 450 4,570 4.77 .25 2.53 n.a. 21 6 n.a. 2 13 3,230 380 1.78 .21 n.a. 25 n.a. 1 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 24 C©mmunicati@n@ Summary the employment, were the workers in operating, main tenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations. The third largest group of workers was managers and officers, with 10 percent of the industry employment. Professional workers ac counted for 5 percent; workers employed in technical occupations, 3 percent; sales workers, 2 percent; and service workers, 1 percent. The five largest occupations in telephone, telegraph, and selected communication services are shown in the In 1979, 1.3 million persons were employed in the communications industries. Telephone, telegraph, and selected communication services employed 1.1 million, or 86 percent of these workers. The remaining 14 per cent were in radio and television broadcasting. Clerical occupations accounted for 41 percent of com munications employment. Central office telephone op erators made up nearly one-fifth of these. Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, mate rial handling, and powerplant workers accounted for 29 percent of communications employment. Almost all of these workers were employed in telephone, telegraph, and selected communication services. The third largest occupational group was managers and officers, constituting 11 percent of communications employment. More than three-fourths of all managers and officers were employed in telephone, telegraph, and selected communications services. Professional occupations accounted for 10 percent of the employment in communications. Radio and televi sion broadcasting employed 82,000, or 61 percent of the professional workers in these industries. The largest professional occupation in communications was electri cal or electronic engineer, with 27,000 persons. Technical workers accounted for 4 percent of com munications employment, with 48,000 persons. Most of these were engineering technicians. Sales workers accounted for 3 percent of communi cations employment, with 45,000 persons. Sales employ ment was divided fairly evenly between the two com munications industries. Service workers constituted the smallest occupational group, accounting for just over 1 percent of communi cations employment. The telephone, telegraph, and se lected communication services industry employed most of these workers. ta b u la tio n b e lo w : Manager or officer ............ Central office operator...... Installer-repairer or section maintainer ............ Customer service representative..................... Station installer .................. Percent of industry employment 109,330 107,920 9.7 9.6 71,800 6.4 65,330 58,270 5.8 5.2 Radio and television broadcasting In establishments which provide radio and television broadcasting services, professional workers constituted the largest occupational group, with 43 percent o f the industry employment (table 12). The second largest group, with 17 percent of industry employment, was managers and officers. Workers in clerical occupations were almost as large a group, with 16 percent. Sales occupations accounted for 12 percent. Almost all of these workers were employed as sales representatives, sales agents, or sales associates. Technical workers ac counted for 9 percent of industry employment. Almost three-fourths of these were broadcast technicians. Serv ice workers made up 2 percent of this industry’s em ployment. The smallest occupational group consisted of operating, maintenance, construction, repair, mate rial handling, and powerplant workers. The following tabulation lists the five largest occu pations in the radio and television broadcasting industry: Telephone, telegraph, and selected communication services This industry includes establishments which furnish telephone or telegraphic services between two or more parties. These services can be domestic, international, marine, or aeronautical. The industry also includes home rental of cablevision service, transradio press service, and operation of radar stations. Clerical occupations dominated the industry, with 516,000 workers or 46 percent of the employment (ta ble 11). Next in importance, with just over one-third of Employment 25 Employment employment Announcer, radio and television ......................... Manager or officer ............ Sales representative, sales agent, or sales associate ............................. Broadcast technician ......... Electrical or electronic engineer............................... Percmt f indus,r>’ employment 38,180 32,000 20.3 17.0 21,690 12,160 11.5 6.5 8,060 4.3 Table 11. Telephone, telegraph, and selected communication services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (Sic 481, 482, 489) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................... 1,128,470 100.00 - 100 Managers and officers.............................................. 109,330 9.69 n.a. 87 Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Civil engineer ..................................................... Electrical and/or electronic engineer ............... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................ Mathematical scientist........................................... Economist ............................................................... Systems analyst, business..................................... Systems analyst, scientific and technical............. Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Librarian, professional ............................................ Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Public relations practitioner ................................... Right of way agent ................................................ All other professional workers............................... 52,950 29,460 780 18,580 2,480 770 6,850 400 120 2,940 810 560 5,900 690 420 390 5,110 1,100 380 4,670 4.69 2.61 .07 1.65 .22 .07 .61 .04 .01 .26 .07 .05 .52 .06 .04 .03 .45 .10 .03 .41 n.a. n.a. 14 8 22 24 n.a. 31 31 15 24 12 9 13 13 34 10 10 17 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 27 3 2 n.a. 2 1 4 2 6 12 4 3 2 13 7 3 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer, business.......................... Computer programmer, scientific and technical .... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and/or electronic technicians........... All other engineering technicians...................... Radio operator ....................................................... All other technicians.............................................. 30,800 3,280 400 25,610 5,000 15,760 4,850 740 770 2.73 .29 .04 2.27 .44 1.40 .43 .07 .07 n.a. 14 27 n.a. 8 9 n.a. 36 n.a. n.a. 4 1 n.a. 15 33 n.a. 2 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Food service workers............................................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly.................... All other service workers....................................... 13,290 10,200 260 500 1,710 620 1.18 .90 .02 .04 .15 .05 n.a. 8 27 20 14 n.a. n.a. 31 1 1 6 n.a. Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Radio mechanic................................................. Electronic mechanic........................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Automatic maintainer............................................. Cable installer......................................................... Cable repairer......................................................... Cable splicer........................................................... Central office repairer............................................ Cleaner, vehicle...................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Frame w irer............................................................. Utilities ground worker........................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................ Installer repairer and/or section maintainer......... Line installer repairer....:........................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Station installer....................................................... Stationary engineer................................................ Instrument shop repairer........................................ Telegraph equipment maintainer........................... 383,550 16,100 3,400 270 4,970 6,820 640 890 3,140 6,780 9,940 36,240 49,910 550 1,630 49,860 13,010 500 680 410 71,800 23,760 1,750 310 58,270 2,060 1,040 3,270 33.99 1.43 .30 .02 .44 .60 .06 .08 .28 .60 .88 3.21 4.42 .05 .14 4.42 1.15 .04 .06 .04 6.36 2.11 .16 .03 5.16 .18 .09 .29 n.a. n.a. 10 26 16 21 n.a. 23 17 10 9 1 2 14 14 1 9 25 19 18 2 5 12 27 1 12 12 18 n.a. n.a. 11 1 5 2 n.a. 3 3 9 11 36 39 3 5 33 19 1 1 2 49 48 6 1 30 7 4 6 See footnotes at end of table. 26 Table 11. Telephone, telegraph, and selected communication services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—Continued (Sic 481, 482, 489) Occupation Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations Telegraph plant maintainer.................................... Teletype installer.................................................... Test desk trouble locator....................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, office.............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator...... Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator...................... All other office machine operators........................ Stenographer.......................................................... Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Cashier ................................................................... Collector................................................................. File clerk................................................................. General clerk, office .............................................. Mail clerk................................................................ Payroll and/or timekeeping clerk.......................... Personnel clerk ...................................................... Private branch service advisor.............................. Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................. Service observer.................................................... Service c le rk........................................................... Statistical c le rk ....................................................... Switchboard operator............................................. Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ Telegraph office counter clerk .............................. T ypist...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t......................... Directory assistance operator ............................... Telegraph operator................................................ Central office operator........................................... Customer service representative .......................... All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, p lant............................................... Production clerk and/or coordinator..................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard ................................................................... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or work ..................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales representative, sales agent, and/or sales associate........................................................... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 2,510 2,160 19,020 5,030 1,610 1,320 0.22 .19 1.69 .45 .14 .12 18 16 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 3 24 n.a. n.a. n.a. 515,780 458,860 920 4,950 3,960 1,070 1,860 7,050 16,610 4,340 6,780 2,650 3,720 50,780 2,490 2,200 2,740 2,240 440 13,810 3,070 13,480 15,370 1,010 410 880 16,320 31,960 37,320 4,060 107,920 65,330 33,120 56,920 19,380 1,830 45.71 40.66 .08 .44 .35 .09 .16 .62 1.47 .38 .60 .23 .33 4.50 .22 .19 .24 .20 .04 1.22 .27 1.19 1.36 .09 .04 .08 1.45 2.83 3.31 .36 9.56 5.79 2.93 5.04 1.72 .16 n.a. n.a. 24 10 9 14 n.a. 8 8 8 6 12 19 1 8 11 11 11 14 7 9 12 9 26 17 36 9 3 1 20 '1 1 n.a. n.a. 7 11 n.a. n.a. 2 8 9 4 n.a. 12 15 26 36 11 5 26 10 8 9 9 4 48 10 11 16 5 4 2 28 22 9 6 23 29 n.a. n.a. 22 6 7,620 9,270 18,820 .68 .82 1.67 7 8 n.a. 23 17 n.a. 22,770 2.02 n.a. n.a. 20,670 2,100 1.83 .19 6 15 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. Relative error (in percentage)2 27 26 9 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. Not available. Table 12. Radio and television broadcasting: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1979 (Sic 483) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Total ................................................................... 187,990 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 32,000 17.02 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Electrical and/or electronic engineer ............... All other engineers............................................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Photographer.......................................................... Television camera operator................................... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Announcer, radio and television ........................... Broadcast news analyst......................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Film e ditor............................................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Librarian, professional ............................................ Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Public relations practitioner................................... Reporter and/or correspondent............................ Technical director .................................................. All other professional workers............................... 81,710 8,540 8,060 480 320 2,690 3,820 60 1,030 38,180 7,620 1,320 4,670 1,510 190 300 210 670 5,660 2,410 2,510 43.47 4.54 4.29 .26 .17 1.43 2.03 .03 .55 20.31 4.05 .70 2.48 .80 .10 .16 .11 .36 3.01 1.28 1.34 n.a. n.a. 9 n.a. 36 6 7 25 20 2 5 8 7 8 35 18 23 9 6 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 63 n.a. 1 15 18 1 9 93 48 18 38 15 1 4 3 10 28 15 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Electrical and/or electronic technicians........... Sound recording and reproduction technician ... Video recording engineer.................................. Broadcast technician ......................................... Light technician.................................................. All other engineering technicians...................... All other technicians.............................................. 16,920 590 16,030 1,600 690 870 12,160 340 370 300 9.00 .31 8.53 .85 .37 .46 6.47 .18 .20 .16 n.a. 26 n.a. 20 16 24 6 20 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 10 7 5 30 3 n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly.................... All other service workers ....................................... 3,000 2,590 180 50 60 120 1.60 1.38 .10 .03 .03 .06 n.a. 7 28 19 45 n.a. n.a. 35 1 1 (3) n.a. Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Radio mechanic................................................. All other mechanics and repairers.................... Carpenter ............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. 2,000 360 250 110 180 40 120 120 230 420 290 240 1.06 .19 .13 .06 .10 .02 .06 .06 .12 .22 .15 .13 n.a. n.a. 24 n.a. 23 26 44 45 17 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 1 1 (3) 1 3 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffice ............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator...... Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator...................... All other office machine operators....................... Stenographer.......................................................... Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Cashier ................................................................... File clerk................................................................. General clerk, office .............................................. 30,490 29,880 1,550 300 370 80 270 70 870 3,120 60 220 1,190 16.22 15.89 .82 .16 .20 .04 .14 .04 .46 1.66 .03 .12 .63 n.a. n.a. 10 20 29 31 n.a. 25 9 7 27 27 11 n.a. n.a. 18 4 2 1 n.a. 1 11 40 1 2 6 See footnotes at end of table. 28 98 Table 12. Radio and television broadcasting: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1979—Continued (Sic 483) Occupation Clerical workers, office Order c le rk .............................................................. Payroll and/or timekeeping clerk........................... Personnel clerk ...................................................... Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................. Switchboard operator............................................. Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ Script cle rk.............................................................. Traffic cle rk............................................................. T ypist...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t......................... All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, p la n t.............................................. Production clerk and/or coordinator..................... Shipping packer...................................................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage ya rd ................................................................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales representative, sales agent, and/or sales associate........................................................... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 80 500 90 2,190 7,800 550 880 300 6,180 1,300 490 1,420 610 270 60 160 0.04 .27 .05 1.16 4.15 .29 .47 .16 3.29 .69 .26 .76 .32 .14 .03 .09 20 14 21 7 10 25 5 15 3 13 39 n.a. n.a. 21 36 15 1 9 2 33 49 2 13 3 61 15 3 n.a. n.a. 2 1 3 60 60 .03 .03 23 n.a. 1 n.a. 21,870 11.63 n.a. n.a. 21,690 180 11.54 .10 2 25 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 86 1 employment and percent of total employment: relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 29 Utilities This group of industries consists of establishments which provide utility and sanitary services to the pub lic. Such establishments generate, transmit, or distrib ute electricity, gas, or steam; and may also provide re lated transportation, communication, and refrigeration services. Other types of services include water supply and irrigation systems, and sanitation systems which collect and dispose of garbage, sewage, and other wastes. In 1979, employment in utilities totaled 796,000. Forty-six percent o f the jobholders in utilities worked in electric services. Establishments providing combina tion electric, gas, and other utility services ranked sec ond, with 24 percent of the employment. Establishments which produce and distribute gas accounted for 21 per cent, and sanitary services, 6 percent. The remaining employment was distributed among water supply and irrigation systems, with 3 percent, and the steam sup ply industry, with less than 1 percent. About half of the employment in utilities consisted of workers in operating, maintenance, construction, re pair, material handling, and powerplant occupations (ta ble 13). Fifteen percent of these were mechanics and repairers. Clerical occupations accounted for one-fourth of in dustry employment. The majority of these workers were in office occupations; the two most populous were gen eral office clerk and customer service representative. Professional workers, totaling 66,000 or 8 percent of utilities employment, were the third largest occupational group. Engineers accounted for almost half o f the pro fessional employees in this industry. Electrical or elec tronic engineer was the largest professional occupation. Managers and officers, totaling 62,000, were almost as large a group as professional workers. Over twofifths were employed in electric services. Technical workers made up 5 percent of industry employment, with 42,000 persons. The largest techni cal occupation was electrical or electronic technician. Service occupations accounted for 2 percent of in dustry employment, with 17,000 workers. Janitors, por ters, and cleaners made up more than half of these. Sales workers constituted the smallest occupational group, accounting for 1 percent of utilities employment. Gas production and distribution employed 42 percent of the industry’s sales workers. The following tabulation lists the five most populous occupations in utilities: Manager or officer ....... Line installer-repairer General office clerk .... Supervisor, nonworking Utilities meter reader .... 30 Employment Percent of industry employment 61,560 56,510 35,810 34,890 26,360 7.7 7.1 4.5 4.4 3.3 Table 13. Electric, gas, steam, water, and sanitary services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1979 (Sic 49) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment’ Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Total ................................................................... 796,460 100.00 - Managers and officers.............................................. 61,560 7.73 n.a. 86 Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer............................................. Civil engineer ..................................................... Electrical and/or electronic engineer ............... Industrial engineer............................................. Mechanical engineer.......................................... Nuclear engineer............................................... All other engineers............................................ Natural and/or mathematical scientist.................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Right of way agent ................................................ Home economist.................................................... All other professional workers............................... 66,480 30,480 730 2,280 14,580 1,550 5,080 1,120 5,140 1,450 3,480 2,230 10,820 940 3,480 1,970 750 10,880 8.35 3.83 .09 .29 1.83 .19 .64 .14 .65 .18 .44 .28 1.36 .12 .44 .25 .09 1.37 n.a. n.a. 10 7 5 10 7 10 n.a. 8 6 6 4 7 5 6 10 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 9 20 5 9 2 n.a. 5 7 11 23 5 12 10 6 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and/or electronic technicians........... Surveyor.............................................................. Estimator and drafter, utilities........................... All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 41,740 3,440 32,600 6,550 10,670 1,270 5,530 8,580 1,350 4,350 5.24 .43 4.09 .82 1.34 .16 .69 1.08 .17 .55 n.a. 6 n.a. 5 6 9 8 n.a. 10 n.a. n.a. 8 n.a. 16 17 7 11 n.a. 4 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Food service workers............................................. Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly.................... All other service workers ....................................... 16,930 9,580 2,020 390 3,130 1,810 2.13 1.20 .25 .05 .39 .23 n.a. 4 7 16 17 n.a. n.a. 31 5 2 6 n.a. 403,100 60,430 8,880 740 9,940 1,860 50.61 7.59 1.11 .09 1.25 .23 n.a. n.a. 4 15 5 12 n.a. n.a. 26 3 15 3 10,400 5,520 1,460 810 12,430 380 8,010 17,410 4,670 1,280 7,230 1,520 1,400 690 370 16,160 7,910 34,890 2,570 1.31 .69 .18 .10 1.56 .05 1.01 2.19 .59 .16 .91 .19 .18 .09 .05 2.03 .99 4.38 .32 9 13 9 15 8 8 n.a. 3 10 21 9 10 9 23 22 5 8 3 15 9 7 4 3 12 2 n.a. 30 5 3 8 7 4 3 1 18 9 46 4 Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive.......'................................. Diesel mechanic ................................................ Electric meter installer....................................... Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Hydroelectric machinery mechanic, powerhouse repairer, and/or gas plant repairer.......................................................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Power transformer repairer............................... Treatment plant mechanic ................................ Household appliance installer........................... Water meter installer.......................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Cable splicer........................................................... Carpenter ................................................................ Control room operator............................................ Corrosion control fitter ........................................... Crane, derrick, and/or hoist operator ................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Diesel plant operator............................................. Electrician................................................................ Auxiliary equipment operator................................. Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Gas compressor operator...................................... See footnotes at end of table. 31 - Table 13. Electric, gas, steam, water, and sanitary services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1979—Continued (Sic 49) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations Gas dispatcher....................................................... Gas pumping station operator............................... Utilities ground worker............................................ Heavy equipment operator.................................... Rigger..................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Inspector ................................................................. Instrument repairer................................................. Line installer repairer.............................................. Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... O ile r........................................................................ Painter, maintenance............................................. Pipelayer.................................................................. Pipe wrapping machine operator........................... Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Power reactor operator.......................................... Refuse collector..................................................... Sewage plant operator........................................... Stationary boiler fire r.............................................. Stationary engineer................................................ Street light repairer and servicer........................... Substation operator............................................... Switchboard operator, generating plant................ Power line trouble shooter..................................... Turbine operator..................................................... Watershed te n d e r.................................................. Water treatment plant operator............................. Pump station operator, waterworks....................... Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Surveyor helper...................................................... Load dispatcher...................................................... Tree trimmer........................................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 1,560 1,800 9,450 11,060 290 950 5,630 8,300 56,510 3,140 16,130 14,820 1,350 620 2,250 140 12,320 980 12,700 980 1,000 2,160 830 4,220 2,530 7,310 2,510 300 1,740 590 6,290 960 3,340 2,180 17,220 16,940 15,470 0.20 .23 1.19 1.39 .04 .12 .71 1.04 7.10 .39 2.03 1.86 .17 .08 .28 .02 1.55 .12 1.59 .12 .13 .27 .10 .53 .32 .92 .32 .04 .22 .07 .79 .12 .42 .27 2.16 2.13 1.94 12 16 7 5 17 14 6 7 4 7 7 5 19 11 12 40 7 18 4 14 14 21 15 7 12 7 11 41 9 10 5 10 8 13 n.a. n.a. n.a. 6 3 18 28 1 3 12 18 29 6 28 24 2 4 5 1 12 1 14 3 2 3 3 5 3 12 3 1 8 2 17 5 6 4 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffice ............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator...... Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator...................... All other office machine operators........................ Stenographer.......................................................... Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Cashier ................................................................... Collector................................................................. File clerk................................................................. General clerk, o ffic e .............................................. Order c le rk .............................................................. Payroll and/or timekeeping cle rk.......................... Personnel clerk ...................................................... Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................. Switchboard operator............................................. Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ Typist ...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t........................ Customer service representative .......................... All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, p lant............................... ............... Utilities meter reader............................................. Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ 200,590 156,510 2,700 2,220 3,280 1,400 2,030 7,010 11,550 4,280 7,130 5,420 2,770 35,810 1,000 1,780 1,340 530 15,160 1,390 870 6,830 11,190 20,940 9,880 44,080 26,360 1,280 25.19 19.65 .34 .28 .41 .18 n.a. n.a. 9 6 5 11 n.a. 4 5 6 6 6 n.a. n.a. 16 9 11 3 n.a. 15 28 23 30 13 7 55 5 12 7 5 43 9 10 17 18 22 n.a. n.a. 44 6 .25 .88 1.45 .54 .90 .68 .35 4.50 .13 .22 .17 .07 1.90 .17 .11 .86 1.40 2.63 1.24 5.53 3.31 .16 See footnotes at end of table. 32 8 4 10 5 7 12 4 7 8 6 7 4 n.a. n.a. 3 8 Tab!© 13. Electric, gas, steam, water, and sanitary services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1979—-Continued (Sic 49) Occupation Clerical workers, plant Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage ya rd ................................................................... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or work ..................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales representative, sales agent, and/or sales associate........................................................... Sales clerk .............................................................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 9,520 4,470 2,450 1.20 .56 .31 4 5 n.a. 32 19 n.a. 6,060 .76 n.a. n.a. 5,810 250 .73 .03 6 18 19 1 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. Not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. Relative error (in percentage)2 33 Wh@!<§s©8®Trad](i Summary DurabSe goods This group o f industries consists of establishments or places o f business which are principally engaged in sell ing large quantities of goods to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional, farm, or professional business users; or to other wholesalers; or which act as agents or brokers in buying merchandise for, or selling mer chandise to, such persons or companies. In addition to selling, functions frequently performed by wholesale establishments include maintaining inventories of goods; extending credit; physically assembling, sorting, and grading goods in large lots; delivery; refrigeration; and various types o f promotion. Employment in wholesale trade in 1979 totaled 5.2 million. The durable goods segment of wholesale trade accounted for nearly three-fifths of the employment in the industry group, with 3.1 million workers. Nondura ble goods establishments employed the remaining 2.1 million workers. The 1.7 million workers in operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations accounted for one-third of wholesale trade employment (table 14). Delivery or route worker was the largest of these occupations, with 237,000 persons. Clerical workers accounted for 29 percent of indus try employment, with 1.5 million workers. Two-thirds o f these were office clerical workers. General office clerk was the largest occupation, with 286,000 persons. The third largest occupational group consisted of sales workers, with 1.1 million or 21 percent of whole sale trade employment. Of these, 89 percent were sales representatives, sales agents, or sales associates; more than half were employed in nontechnical jobs. Managers and officers accounted for 9 percent of in dustry employment, with 480,000 persons. “Wholesale managers,” totaling 202,000, constituted 42 percent of these; “merchandise managers” constituted 32 percent. Professional occupations made up 5 percent of total employment in wholesale trade. One-third of these pro fessionals were wholesale trade buyers. Technical workers accounted for only 2 percent of total employment. Nearly three-fourths of all techni cians in wholesale trade were electrical or electronic technicians. Service workers were the smallest occupational group. Of the 87,000 workers in this group, three-fifths were janitors, porters, or cleaners. This industry group comprises establishments pri marily engaged in the wholesale distribution o f the fol lowing kinds of merchandise: Motor vehicles and au tomotive parts and supplies; furniture and home fur nishings; lumber and other construction materials; sport ing, recreational, photographic, and hobby goods, toys and supplies; metals and minerals, except petroleum; electrical goods; hardware, plumbing and heating equip ment and supplies; machinery, equipment, and supplies; and miscellaneous durable goods. In 1979, employment in the durable goods segment o f wholesale trade totaled 3.1 million. The three largest industries in this segment, constituting 68 percent of to tal employment, were: Machinery, equipment, and sup plies, with 1.3 million workers; motor vehicles and au tomotive parts and supplies, with 449,000; and electri cal goods, with 405,000. Thirty percent of the employees were in operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations (table 15). Of these, more than one-fourth were mechanics and repairers. Workers in clerical occupations were almost as large a group as operatives, with 919,000 or nearly 30 percent o f the employment. Most of these worked in office clerical occupations. Sales workers accounted for 22 percent of wholesale durable goods employment. Technical sales representatives, sales agents, and sales associates made up 45 percent of these. Managers and officers consti tuted 9 percent of total employment; professionals, 5 percent; and technical workers, 3 percent. The smallest group was service workers, with only 1 percent. The tabulation below lists the five most populous oc cupations in the durable goods segment of wholesale trade: Technical sales representative, sales agent, or sales associate.... Nontechnical sales representative, sales agent, or sales associate.... General office clerk ........... Stock clerk (stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard) .................................... Order filler ........................... 34 Employment Percent of industry employment 307,090 9.9 299,800 182,810 9.6 5.9 136,440 112,500 4.4 3.6 Nondurable goods This industry group comprises establishments pri marily engaged in the wholesale distribution of the fol lowing kinds o f merchandise: Paper and paper prod ucts; drugs, drug proprietaries, and druggists’ sundries; apparel, piece goods, and notions; groceries and related products; farm-product raw materials; chemicals and allied products; petroleum and petroleum products, beer, wine, and distilled alcoholic beverages; and mis cellaneous nondurable goods. In 1979, employment in the nondurable goods seg ment of wholesale trade totaled 2.1 million. The three largest industries, with nearly three-fifths of the em ployment, were: Groceries and related products, with 650,000 workers; miscellaneous nondurable goods (to bacco, paints, farm supplies, etc.), with 385,000; and petroleum and petroleum products, with 229,000. The largest concentration of workers, 37 percent, was in operating, maintenance, construction, repair, mate rial handling, and powerplant occupations (table 16). Clerical occupations, accounting for 28 percent of the workers, made up the second largest occupational 35 group. Two-thirds of these worked in office clerical occupations. Sales workers made up 19 percent of whole sale nondurable goods employment, with 411,000 workers. The majority of these were sales representa tives, sales agents, or sales associates. Managers and of ficers accounted for-9 percent of employment; profes sional workers, 3 percent; and service workers, 2 per cent. Almost half o f the service workers were butchers or meat cutters. The smallest occupational group con sisted of technical workers. The five largest occupations in the nondurable goods segment of wholesale trade are listed in the tabulation below: Nontechnical sales representative, sales agent, or sales associate.... Delivery or route worker ... Truck driver......................... Technical sales representative, sales agent, or sales associate.... General office clerk ........... Employment Percent of industry employment 262,380 180,050 134,630 12.3 8.5 6.3 105,290 103,400 4.9 4.9 Table 14. Wholesale trade: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (Sic 50, 5I) Employment1 Percent of total employment Total ................................................................... 5,245,260 100.00 Managers and officers.............................................. Manager, merchandise........................................... Manager, store ....................................................... Manager, automobile service department............ Manager, automobile parts department................ Manager, wholesale............................................... All other managers and officers ........................... 479,880 152,810 3,410 590 940 201,730 120,400 Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer............................................. Electrical and/or electronic engineer ............... Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................. Chemist .................................................................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Retail and/or wholesale trade buyer..................... Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Public relations practitioner ................................... Designer.................................................................. All other professional workers............................... Occupation Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation - - 9.15 2.91 .07 .01 .02 3.85 2.30 n.a. 2 16 31 29 2 n.a. n.a. 38 1 (3) (3) 52 n.a. 235,040 42,580 2,790 17,200 19,430 3,160 800 24,150 1,580 72,250 61,150 1,910 640 610 1,660 1,510 5,040 21,160 4.48 .81 .05 .33 .37 .06 .02 .46 .03 1.38 1.17 .04 .01 .01 .03 .03 .10 .40 n.a. n.a. 19 17 10 n.a. 26 9 17 3 3 18 40 21 16 32 11 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 2 3 n.a. (3) 4 1 21 21 1 (3) (3) 1 (3) 1 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and/or electronic technicians........... All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 115,520 15,600 91,410 4,220 85,990 1,200 1,590 6,920 2.20 .30 1.74 .08 1.64 .02 .03 .13 n.a. 7 n.a. 15 8 n.a. 27 n.a. n.a. 5 n.a. 1 4 n.a. (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Baker, bread and/or pastry................................... Butcher and/or meat cutter................................... Waiter/waitress ...................................................... Pantry, sandwich and/or coffee maker................. All other food service workers.............................. All other service workers ....................................... 87,270 51,750 2,100 630 23,800 550 660 3,940 3,840 1.66 .99 .04 .01 .45 .01 .01 .08 .07 n.a. 10 23 46 14 46 45 n.a. n.a. n.a. 14 1 (3) 1 (3) (3) n.a. n.a. 1,712,140 270,400 78,740 2,270 32.64 5.16 1.50 .04 n.a. n.a. 7 34 n.a. n.a. 9 (3) 740 54,920 14,870 36,560 4,910 .01 1.05 .28 .70 .09 38 10 13 12 29 (3) 4 1 2 (3) 41,470 .79 11 2 4,250 .08 19 1 1,010 .02 39 740 2,180 27,740 232,310 1,250 .01 .04 .53 4.43 .02 48 45 n.a. 2 33 Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Body repairer, automotive................................. Camera repairer and/or motion picture camera repairer.......................................................... Diesel mechanic................................................ Farm equipment mechanic................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Office machine servicer and/or cash register servicer ......................................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... Television servicer and repairer, radio repairer and/or tape recorder repairer...................... Coin machine servicer and/or vending machine repairer........................................... Gas and electric appliance repairer.................. All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Cabinetmaker.......................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 36 (3) (3) (3) n.a. 32 (3) Table 14. Wholesale trade: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—Continued (Sic 50, 5I) Occupation Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations Carpet cutter and/or carpet layer......................... Carpenter ............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Merchandise displayer and window trimm er........ Electrician................................................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Glazier .................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Instrument repairer................................................. Jeweler and/or silversmith .................................... Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility ..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Oil burner installer and servicer............................ Musical instrument repairer ................................... Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentgarment ............................................................. Sewing machine operator, special equipment and/or automatic equipment-garment............. Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentnongarment ....................................................... Sewing machine operator, special equipment and/or automatic equipment-nongarment....... Sheet metal worker ............................................... Tire fabricator and/or repairer.............................. Welder and/or flamecutter.................................... Furniture assembler and installer......................... Service station attendant, fuel pump attendant, and/or lubricator.............................................. Tire changer ........................................................... Sales floor stock clerk ........................................... Baker ...................................................................... Wood machinist...................................................... Conveyor operator or tender................................. All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffice ............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator...... Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator...................... All other office machine operators........................ Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Adjustment clerk .................................................... Cashier ................................................................... Collector.................................................................. File clerk.................................................................. General clerk, office ............................................... Credit authorizer..................................................... Order c le rk .............................................................. Payroll and/or timekeeping clerk.......................... Personnel clerk ...................................................... Procurement clerk.................................................. Credit reference clerk............................................. Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................. Service c le rk ........................................................... Switchboard operator............................................. Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ T ypist...................................................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 540 5,770 237,250 890 2,190 90,460 3,470 55,460 800 1,800 8,460 76,880 4,650 2,040 580 217,830 650 3,760 26,390 0.01 .11 4.52 .02 .04 1.72 .07 1.06 .02 .03 .16 1.47 .09 .04 .01 4.15 .01 .07 .50 49 18 3 25 48 3 19 6 47 29 15 7 30 22 47 3 40 31 23 (3) (3) 24 (3) (3) 23 (3) 10 (3) (3) 1 14 (3) (3) (3) 24 (3) (3) 1 2,700 .05 28 (3) 620 .01 33 (3) 1,070 .02 42 0 670 3,160 2,110 9,040 870 .01 .06 .04 ,17 .02 41 24 30 17 33 (3) (3) (3) 1 (3) 38,560 2,860 1,920 2,020 650 14,240 39,020 107,710 241,090 .74 .05 .04 .04 .01 .27 .74 2.05 4.60 6 28 26 40 38 11 n.a. n.a. n.a. 3 (3) (3) (3) (3) 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,517,360 1,036,320 57,260 6,340 35,790 640 1,830 89,560 114,420 1,000 35,940 1,060 1,510 286,220 1,500 118,000 720 540 1,460 960 17,800 150,800 1,430 6,540 29,280 49,690 28.93 19.76 1.09 .12 .68 .01 .03 1.71 2.18 .02 .69 .02 .03 5.46 .03 2.25 .01 .01 .03 .02 .34 2.87 .03 .12 .56 .95 n.a. n.a. 3 11 5 34 n.a. 3 2 26 8 34 18 2 20 4 20 21 31 31 4 2 49 11 3 4 n.a. n.a. 18 2 10 (3) n.a. 22 35 (3) 9 (3) (3) 45 1 19 (3) (3) (3) (3) 7 33 (3) 3 15 13 See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 37 Table 14. Wholesale trade: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1§79—Continued (Sic 50, 5I) Occupation Clerical workers, office Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t......................... All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, p lant.............................................. Shipping packer...................................................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Weigher, recordkeeping ......................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage y a rd ................................................................... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or work ..................... Marking c le rk .......................................................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. Sales occupations..................................................... Technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate.............................................. Non-technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate.............................................. Sales c le rk .............................................................. Demonstrator.......................................................... Sales clerk supervisor............................................ All other sales workers .......................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 9,080 16,950 481,040 126,860 115,050 12,600 0.17 .32 9.17 2.42 2.19 .24 10 n.a. n.a. 4 3 7 2 n.a. n.a. 16 26 4 219,670 1,720 1,640 3,500 4.19 .03 .03 .07 3 19 25 n.a. 31 1 (3) n.a. 1,098,050 20.93 n.a. n.a. 412,380 7.86 2 28 562,190 116,270 1,780 670 4,760 10.72 2.22 .03 .01 .09 2 4 43 24 n.a. 45 15 (3) (3) n.a. employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 38 Table 15. Wholesale trade-durable goods: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (Sic 50) Occupation Total ................................................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment 3,115,850 100.00 Relative error (in percentage)2 - Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation n.a. 39 1 (3) (3) 53 n.a. Managers and officers.............................................. Manager, merchandise........................................... Manager, s to re ....................................................... Manager, automobile service department ............ Manager, automobile parts department................ Manager, wholesale............................................... All other managers and officers ........................... 287,660 91,930 1,440 580 790 118,110 74,810 9.23 2.95 .05 .02 .03 3.79 2.40 n.a. 3 24 31 33 3 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer............................................. Electrical and/or electronic engineer ............... Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................. Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Retail and/or wholesale trade buyer..................... Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Public relations practitioner................................... Designer................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 161,450 37,350 1,290 16,700 17,520 1,840 20,620 1,090 46,510 37,350 570 340 880 1,060 2,300 13,380 5.18 1.20 .04 .54 .56 .06 .66 .03 1.49 1.20 .02 .01 .03 .03 .07 .43 n.a. n.a. 34 18 11 n.a. 11 21 3 4 41 26 25 44 19 n.a. n.a. n.a. (3) 3 4 n.a. 5 1 24 22 (3) (3) 1 (3) 1 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and/or electronic technicians........... All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 104,830 10,140 89,870 4,040 84,990 840 310 4,510 3.36 .33 2.88 .13 2.73 .03 .01 .14 n.a. 10 n.a. 16 8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 6 n.a. 1 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Food service workers............................................. All other service workers ....................................... 36,570 33,610 1,200 1,060 700 1.17 1.08 .04 .03 .02 n.a. 15 38 n.a. n.a. n.a. 14 1 n.a. n.a. 919,780 252,850 69,300 2,240 29.52 8.11 2.22 .07 n.a. n.a. 8 34 n.a. n.a. 10 (3) 740 51,560 14,570 36,290 4,280 .02 1.65 .47 1.16 .14 38 10 14 12 33 (3) 5 1 3 (3) 40,700 1.31 11 3 4,060 .13 20 1 1,000 28,110 97,690 1,220 540 2,920 57,200 2,140 56,040 3,310 26,620 .03 .90 3.14 .04 .02 .09 1.84 .07 1.80 .11 .85 39 n.a. 3 34 49 27 5 49 3 20 9 (3) n.a. 30 (3) (3) 1 17 (3) 25 (3) 9 Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Body repairer, automotive................................. Camera repairer and/or motion picture camera repairer.......................................................... Diesel mechanic................................................ Farm equipment mechanic................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Office machine servicer and/or cash register servicer ......................................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... Television servicer and repairer, radio repairer and/or tape recorder repairer...................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Cabinetmaker.......................................................... Carpet cutter and/or carpet layer......................... Carpenter ................................................................ Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician................................................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Glazier .................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... See footnotes at end of table. 39 Table 15. Wholesale trade-durable goods: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—Continued (Sic 50) Occupation Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations Instrument repairer................................................. Jeweler and/or silversmith .................................... Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Musical instrument repairer ................................... Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance.............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Sheet metal worker ............................................... Tire fabricator and/or repairer .............................. Welder and/or flamecutter .................................... Furniture assembler and installer .......................... Service station attendant, fuel pump attendant, and/or lubricator............................................... Tire changer ........................................................... Sales floor stock clerk ........................................... Wood machinist...................................................... Conveyor operator or tender................................. All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 0.03 .06 .26 1.68 .12 .02 3.61 .02 .12 .12 .10 .06 .29 .03 48 29 16 10 36 47 4 43 31 42 24 36 17 36 5,130 2,650 350 650 4,510 33,030 77,380 93,110 .16 .09 .01 .02 .14 1.06 2.48 2.99 18 30 50 38 17 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffice............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator..... Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator...................... All other office machine operators........................ Stenographer.......................................................... Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Adjustment clerk .................................................... Cashier ................................................................... Collector................................................................. File clerk................................................................. General clerk, office ............................................... Credit authorizer..................................................... Order c le rk.............................................................. Payroll and/or timekeeping clerk........................... Credit reference clerk............................................. Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................. Switchboard operator ............................................. Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ Typist ...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t......................... All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, p lant............................................... Shipping packer...................................................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Weigher, recordkeeping ......................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage ya rd .................................................................... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or work ..................... Marking clerk .......................................................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. 918,590 643,820 33,640 3,360 20,260 440 1,120 350 54,020 64,300 530 15,440 840 1,040 182,810 1,010 79,010 320 560 11,470 97,980 4,230 20,900 33,100 4,600 12,490 274,770 58,140 72,780 3,770 29.48 20.66 1.08 .11 .65 .01 .04 .01 1.73 2.06 .02 .50 .03 .03 5.87 .03 2.54 .01 .02 .37 3.14 .14 .67 1.06 .15 .40 8.82 1.87 2.34 .12 n.a. n.a. 4 18 8 48 n.a. 36 5 2 40 9 42 24 3 28 5 29 44 6 3 16 4 5 14 n.a. n.a. 5 4 13 n.a. n.a. 19 2 10 (3) n.a. (3) 23 34 (3) 8 (3) (3) 47 1 21 (3) (3) 8 36 4 18 15 3 n.a. n.a. 17 29 3 136,440 920 480 2,240 4.38 .03 .02 .07 4 32 46 n.a. 36 1 (3) n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate............................................... Non-technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate.............................................. 686,970 22.05 n.a. n.a. 307,090 9.86 3 37 299,800 9.62 3 45 800 1,800 8,140 52,310 3,620 580 112,500 580 3,660 3,780 3,140 1,740 9,000 790 V See footnotes at end of table. 40 (3) (3) 1 13 1 (3) 24 (3) (3) (3) 1 (3) 2 (3) 1 (3) (3) (3) Taw© 15. Wholesale trade-durable goods: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1079—Continued (Sic 50) Occupation Sales occupations—Continued Sales c le rk .............................................................. All other sales workers .......................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 75,860 4,220 2.43 .14 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 6 n.a. 17 n.a. employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero. n.a. Not available. 41 Table 16. Wholesale trade-nondurable goods: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (Sic 51) Employment1 Percent of total employment Total ................................................................... 2,129,400 100.00 Managers and officers.............................................. Manager, merchandise........................................... Manager, store ....................................................... Manager, wholesale............................................... All other managers and officers ........................... 192,210 60,880 1,960 83,620 45,750 Professional occupations .......................................... Engineers, total ...................................................... Chemical engineer............................................. Electrical and/or electronic engineer ............... Mechanical engineer.......................................... All other engineers............................................. Chemist .................................................................. Life scientist............................................................ Systems analyst, electronic data processing....... Purchasing agent and/or buyer............................ Retail and/or wholesale trade buyer..................... Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Commercial a rtist................................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Public relations practitioner ................................... Designer................................................................. All other professional workers............................... Occupation Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation - - 9.03 2.86 .09 3.93 2.15 n.a. 2 22 2 n.a. n.a. 38 1 51 n.a. 73,620 5,240 1,500 500 1,910 1,330 720 470 3,530 490 25,740 23,800 1,340 280 270 790 450 2,740 7,760 3.46 .25 .07 .02 .09 .06 .03 .02 .17 .02 1.21 1.12 .06 .01 .01 .04 .02 .13 .36 n.a. n.a. 19 25 12 n.a. 28 29 11 25 5 4 18 43 34 21 33 11 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 (3) 1 n.a. (3) (3) 4 (3) 18 20 1 (3) (3) 1 (3) 1 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Electrical and/or electronic technicians........... All other engineering technicians...................... Science technicians............................................... All other technicians.............................................. 10,670 5,460 1,530 1,000 530 1,270 2,410 .50 .26 .07 .05 .02 .06 .11 n.a. 10 n.a. 19 n.a. 21 n.a. n.a. 5 n.a. 1 n.a. (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Baker, bread and/or pastry................................... Butcher and/or meat cutter................................... Waiter/waitress ...................................................... Cook, short order and/or specialty fast foods...... Pantry, sandwich and/or coffee maker................. All other food service workers.............................. All other service workers ....................................... 50,680 18,130 890 620 23,500 500 420 640 2,840 3,140 2.38 .85 .04 .03 1.10 .02 .02 .03 .13 .15 n.a. 6 21 47 14 46 41 46 n.a. n.a. n.a. 14 1 (3) 3 (3) (3) (3) n.a. n.a. 792,370 17,560 9,430 3,370 270 640 37.21 .82 .44 .16 .01 .03 n.a. n.a. 7 13 31 26 n.a. n.a. 7 2 (3) (3) 770 .04 21 460 2,620 134,630 2,840 180,050 620 34,420 28,850 330 24,570 1,040 1,920 .02 .12 6.32 .13 8.46 .03 1.62 1.35 .02 1.15 .05 .09 40 n.a. 3 25 3 34 4 7 44 5 38 22 Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Diesel mechanic ................................................ Engineering equipment mechanic..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Office machine servicer and/or cash register servicer......................................................... Coin machine servicer and/or vending machine repairer........................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter ............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Merchandise displayer and window trim m er........ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Machinist................................................................. Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades..................................................... . Oil burner installer and servicer............................ See footnotes at end of table. 42 (3) (3) n.a. 34 (3) 32 (3) 20 11 (3) 15 f) 1 Table 16. Wholesale trade-nondurable goods: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—Continued (Sic 51) Occupation Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations Order fille r............................................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Custom sewer......................................................... Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentgarment ............................................................. Sewing machine operator, special equipment and/or automatic equipment-garment............. Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentnongarment ....................................................... Tire fabricator and/or repairer .............................. Service station attendant, fuel pump attendant, and/or lubricator............................................... Sales floor stock clerk ........................................... Baker ...................................................................... Conveyor operator or tender................................. All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Percent of total employment Employment' Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 105,330 22,610 280 4.95 1.06 .01 4 26 40 23 2 (3) 2,520 .12 20 0 530 .02 34 (3) 400 370 .02 .02 37 46 (3) (3) 33,430 1,570 2,020 9,730 6,520 32,260 147,970 1.57 .07 .09 .46 .31 1.51 6.95 6 30 40 15 n.a. n.a. n.a. 6 (3) (3) 3 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffice............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator...... Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ All other office machine operators........................ Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Adjustment clerk .................................................... Cashier................................................................... Collector................................................................. File clerk................................................................. General clerk, office .............................................. Credit authorizer..................................................... Order c le rk.............................................................. Payroll and/or timekeeping clerk.......................... Personnel clerk ...................................................... Procurement cle rk.................................................. Credit reference clerk............................................. Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................ Service cle rk........................................................... Switchboard operator............................................. Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ T ypist...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t......................... All other office clerical workers ........................... Clerical workers, p lant.............................................. Shipping packer...................................................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Weigher, recordkeeping ......................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage ya rd ................................................................... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or work ..................... Marking clerk .......................................................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. 598,780 392,520 23,620 2,980 15,530 910 35,540 50,120 480 20,510 220 470 103,400 490 38,980 410 250 1,140 400 6,340 52,820 370 2,310 8,380 16,590 4,480 5,780 206,260 68,720 42,260 8,830 28.12 18.43 1.11 .14 .73 .04 1.67 2.35 .02 .96 .01 .02 4.86 .02 1.83 .02 .01 .05 .02 .30 2.48 .02 .11 .39 .78 .21 .27 9.69 3.23 1.98 .41 n.a. n.a. 4 12 5 n.a. 4 2 34 12 32 21 3 17 4 27 30 38 43 6 3 48 9 4 5 14 n.a. n.a. 7 5 8 n.a. n.a. 17 2 10 n.a. 21 35 83,230 810 1,160 1,250 3.91 .04 .05 .06 4 20 30 n.a. 26 1 (3) n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate.............................................. Non-technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate............................................... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Sales clerk supervisor............................................ All other sales workers .......................................... 411,070 19.30 n.a. n.a. 105,290 4.94 4 18 262,380 40,400 400 2,600 12.32 1.90 .02 .12 3 5 27 n.a. 44 12 (3) n.a. 11 (3) (3) 42 (3) 16 (3) (3) (3) (3) 7 30 (3) 3 12 11 2 n.a. n.a. 15 23 6 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated (3) r 43 Trad® Summary Sales occupations made up the second largest occu pational group in retail trade, with 22 percent o f em ployment. General merchandise stores employed almost one-third of all retail sales workers. Sales clerk was the largest occupation, and accounted for 15 percent of to tal retail employment. Ranking third of the seven major groups, with 18 percent of employment, were operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations. O f the 2.7 million operatives in retail trade, more than one-third were employed by automotive dealers and gasoline service stations. The largest occu pation in this major group was sales floor stock clerk. Clerical workers, numbering 2.7 million, or 18 per cent of industry employment, constituted the fourth largest occupational group. Cashier was the largest oc cupation in this major group, with 1.2 million, and ranked second of all jobs in retail trade. Managers and officers accounted for 9 percent of re tail trade employment. More than half were store managers. Professional workers made up only 3 percent o f to tal employment in retail trade. Retail trade buyer and pharmacist were the largest professional occupations in this industry group. The smallest occupational group consisted o f 16,000 technical workers—less than 1 percent of retail trade employment. This group of industries includes establishments or places of business which sell merchandise for personal or household consumption, but also render services in cidental to the sale o f those goods. Employment in retail trade in 1979 totaled 15.1 mil lion—17 percent of total nonagricultural wage and salary employment in the Nation and three-fifths of the em ployment in the industries discussed in this bulletin. Among the various types of establishments in retail trade, eating and drinking places employed the most workers, 4.7 million or 31 percent (table 17). Food stores ranked second with 2.3 million or 15 percent. Employ ment in general merchandise stores was almost as large—2.2 million workers. Two types of establishments each accounted for 12 percent of retail employment: Miscellaneous retail stores, with about 1.9 million workers; and automotive dealers and gasoline service stations, with 1.8 million. No other industry accounted for more than 6 percent of retail employment. Service workers, with 30 percent of total retail em ployment, constituted the largest occupational group (table 18). Eating and drinking places employed 89 per cent of these workers. The largest occupation in this group was waiter or waitress, numbering 1.3 million. This job was the third largest in retail trade. Table 17. Retail trade: Percent distribution of employment in major occupational groups by industry, 1979 Industry T otal.......................................... Percent................................. Building materials, hardware, and garden supply stores, and mobile home dealers ................ General merchandise stores.......... Food stores ..................................... Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations.......................... Apparel and accessory stores....... Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores....................... Eating and drinking places............. Miscellaneous retail......................... Sales work ers Professional workers Technical workers 15,075,730 1,429,790 100.00 100.00 396,320 100.00 15,960 100.00 4,539,980 100.00 2,727,830 100.00 2,658,450 100.00 3,307,400 100.00 4.28 14.63 15.11 5.36 11.13 13.12 4.68 17.53 10.04 5.20 30.51 3.32 .18 3.19 4.28 7.81 8.92 26.94 5.41 21.19 29.27 5.58 30.87 10.37 12.17 6.19 18.29 9.04 5.67 6.48 7.71 1.82 1.13 .31 33.93 3.21 10.45 5.07 8.93 16.39 4.05 31.22 12.34 5.74 22.63 14.70 6.57 7.26 41.78 7.64 3.51 40.29 .30 89.17 1.44 6.25 1.16 11.78 4.79 8.28 15.53 5.75 1.61 20.50 Total Managers and officers Operating, mainte nance, con Service work struction, re Clerical work pair, mat ers ers erial handling, and powerplant workers 44 sales workers, with 1 million persons or 46 percent of total industry employment. Clerical workers ranked second with 563,000 or 26 percent. The majority of these worked in office clerical occupations. Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations employed 11 percent. Managers and officers ranked fourth, with 159,000 sales representative or 7 percent of total employment. Service workers were almost as large a group, with 145,000. Professional workers accounted for 3 percent of in dustry employment, numbering 69,000. The smallest oc cupational group consisted of 5,000 technical workers, less than 1 percent o f employment in the industry. The five most populous occupations in general mer chandise stores, in order o f predominance, are listed in the following tabulation: Building m aterials, hardware, and garden supply stores, and m obile home dealers This industry comprises establishments selling lum ber and other building materials; paint, glass, and wall paper; hardware; nursery stock; lawn and garden sup plies; and mobile homes. Employment in this industry in 1979 totaled 646,000. Establishments primarily selling lumber, or lumber and a general line o f building materials, accounted for 54 percent of total employment, with 348,000 workers. Hardware stores employed 23 percent, with 151,000 workers. Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores employed 10 percent; retail nurseries and lawn and garden supply stores, 8 percent; and establishments selling new and used mobile homes, 5 percent. The 213,000 workers in operating, maintenance, con struction, repair, material handling, and powerplant oc cupations accounted for one-third of industry employ ment (table 19). Ranking second, with 29 percent of total employment, were sales occupations. Clerical oc cupations ranked third of the seven occupational groups, with 22 percent o f industry employment. Managers and officers accounted for 12 percent. Of the remaining 4 percent o f industry employment, professional workers made up 3 percent; service workers, 1 percent; and tech nical workers, less than 1 percent. The five largest occupations in building materials, hardware, and garden supply stores, and mobile home dealerships are listed in the following tabulation: Sales clerk ............................ Nontechnical sales representative, sales agent, or associate............. Store manager..................... Truck driver........................ Stock clerk (stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard) ................................... Employment Percent of industry employment 95,450 14.8 68,990 56,980 40,780 10.7 8.8 6.3 30,810 4.8 Sales clerk ............................ Cashier.................................. Nontechnical sales agent, or associate ......................... Sales floor stock clerk........ Store manager................... t'ercent oj industry employment 827,550 141,750 37.5 6.4 131,780 90,430 61,200 6.0 4.1 2.8 Food stores This industry consists of establishments selling food for home preparation and consumption. Employment in food stores in 1979 totaled 2.3 mil lion. Grocery stores employed 2 million or 87 percent o f all food store workers. Retail bakeries accounted for 6 percent. Meat and seafood markets, including freezer provisioners and stores selling dairy products, each ac counted for 2 percent of food store employment. The remaining 3 percent was distributed among miscella neous food stores (those engaged in the retail sale of specialized foods such as coffee, tea, spices, etc.), with 28.000 workers; candy, nut, and confectionery stores, with 22,000; and fruit stores and vegetable markets, with 20,000. Clerical occupations accounted for about one-third of total employment in food stores (table 21). Nearly fourfifths of these workers were cashiers—the industry’s largest occupation. Operating, maintenance, construc tion, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers constituted another one-third of food store employment. The third largest occupational group, with 15 percent of employment, were sales workers, numbering 343,000. Service occupations ranked fourth with 9 percent, or 195.000 workers. Seventy percent of these were butchers or meat cutters. Managers and officers accounted for 8 percent of industry employment, totaling 188,000, and professional workers accounted for 2 percent. The smallest occupational group consisted of 530 technical workers. General merchandise stores This industry comprises establishments engaging in the retail sale of several lines of goods: Apparel and accessories, furniture and home furnishings, dry goods, small wares, hardware, and food. In 1979, employment in these stores totaled 2.2 mil lion. Department stores employed 1.8. million, just over four-fifths o f the employment in this industry. Variety stores accounted for 13 percent, with 276,000 workers. Miscellaneous general merchandise stores usually em ploying less than 25 employees made up the remaining 6 percent of industry employment. The largest occupational group in this industry was Employment 45 The five largest occupations in food stores are listed in the tabulation below: Employment Cashier......................... Sales floor stock clerk Sales clerk ................... Bagger ......................... Store manager............ o f industry employment 612,080 344,610 340,040 220,860 160,150 26.9 15.1 14.9 9.7 7.0 Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations This industry comprises establishments engaged in the retail sale of new and used automobiles, boats, rec reational and utility trailers, and motorcycles; also other automotive vehicles such as dunebuggies, snowmobiles, and gocarts; and new automobile parts and accessories. Gasoline service stations are also included. Employment in this industry in 1979 totaled 1.8 mil lion. Persons working in dealerships selling new and used motor vehicles numbered 851,000, or 46 percent of industry employment. Gasoline service stations ac counted for 564,000 or 31 percent. Fifteen percent held jobs in auto and home supply stores, selling products such as tires, batteries, radios, and television sets. The remaining 8 percent were in establishments selling used motor vehicles, with 40,000 workers; motorcycle dealer ships, with 33,000; recreational and utility trailer dealers, employing 19,000; and miscellaneous automotive dealers, with 12,000 workers. Half o f the workers in this industry were employed in operating, maintenance, construction, repair, mate rial handling, and powerplant occupations, totaling 926,000 (table 22). More than two-fifths o f these worked as mechanics and repairers. Sales workers ranked sec ond, with 16 percent of total employment. Clerical workers constituted the third largest group, with 15 percent of employment. The majority of these worked in office clerical occupations. Ranking fourth were man agers and officers, with 14 percent of industry employ ment. The remaining 4 percent consisted of 51,000 workers in service occupations, 22,000 professional workers, and 1,000 technical workers. The five most populous occupations in automotive dealerships and gasoline service stations are listed below: Service station attendant, fuel pump attendant, or lubricator............................. Automotive mechanic ........ Nontechnical sales representative, sales agent, or associate............. Store manager...................... Cashier.................................. Employment Percent of industry employment 316,460 313,720 17.2 17.1 211,340 160,090 62,010 11.5 8.7 3.4 Apparel and accessory stores This industry includes establishments engaged in the retail sale of new clothing, shoes, hats, underwear, and related articles for personal wear and adornment. Fur riers and custom tailors carrying stocks of materials are also included. Employment in apparel and accessory stores totaled 934.000 in 1979. Women’s ready-to-wear stores ac counted for 38 percent of industry employment, with 350.000 workers. Shoe stores ranked second, with 180.000 or 19 percent. Family clothing stores accounted for 18 percent, and men’s and boys’ clothing and fur nishings stores, 15 percent. Establishments selling mis cellaneous apparel and accessories, such as bathing suits, sports apparel, and uniforms, employed 4 percent. The remaining employment in retail apparel stores consisted of: Children’s and infants’ wear stores, with 3 percent; women’s apparel and accessory stores, also with 3 per cent; and furriers and fur shops, with less than 1 percent. Sales workers, totaling 542,000, made up the largest occupational group, with 58 percent of industry em ployment (table 23). Clerical workers accounted for 14 percent of employment in retail apparel stores. Man agers and officers were almost as large a group, total ing 129,000. Operating, maintenance, construction, re pair, material handling, and powerplant occupations, with 88,000 or 9 percent, ranked fourth. Professionals in this industry, totaling 26,000, represented 3 percent of employment; service workers, 2 percent. Technical workers were the smallest occupational group. The five largest occupations in apparel and accessory stores, in order of predominance, are listed below: Sales clerk ................... Nontechnical sales representative, sales agent, or associate .... Store manager............ Cashier......................... Sales floor stock clerk Employment Percent of industry employment 396,010 42.4 132,530 104,450 40,470 36,890 14.2 11.2 4.3 4.0 Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores This industry comprises establishments which sell fur niture, floor coverings, draperies, housewares, stoves, refrigerators, and other household electrical and gas appliances. In 1979, employment in this industry totaled 611,000. Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores (ex cept appliances) accounted for three-fifths of industry employment, with 374,000 workers. Radio, television, stereo, and music stores accounted for one-quarter, and household appliance stores, 15 percent. 46 Workers in sales occupations, numbering 190,000, constituted the largest occupational group, with 31 per cent of industry employment (table 24). Three of these occupations were among the largest in the industry. Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant workers ranked second in employment, with 170,000 or 28 percent. Clerical workers, totaling 127,000, accounted for 21 percent of total employment. Managers and officers, with 13 per cent, ranked fourth. Professional occupations accounted for 4 percent o f industry employment, with 26,000 workers—nearly half were designers. Service workers accounted for 2 percent. The smallest occupational group was technical workers. The five most populous occupations in this industry are listed in the following tabulation: Employment Nontechnical sales representative, sales agent, or associate ............. Store manager...................... Sales clerk ............................ Technical sales representative, sales agent, or associate......................... Delivery or route worker ... Percent of industry employment 88,560 64,910 57,630 14.5 43,250 37,380 7.1 10.6 9.4 6.1 Eating and drinking places This industry comprises establishments engaged in the sale of prepared foods and drinks for consumption on the premises; and lunch counters and refreshment stands selling prepared foods and drinks for immediate consumption. Restaurants and lunch counters operated by hotels and department stores are excluded. In 1979, employment in eating and drinking places totaled 4.7 million. This industry employed the largest number of workers in retail trade. There were more than 4 million service workers in this industry, representing 86 percent o f total employ ment. Four of the largest occupations in the industry were in this occupational group, accounting for nearly half o f total employment in eating and drinking places (table 25). Managers and officers, totaling 324,000, were the second largest occupational group, with 7 percent of employment. Clerical workers ranked third with 220,000 or 5 percent. Most of these were cashiers. The other four major occupational groups combined ac counted for only 2 percent o f employment in eating and drinking places. The following tabulation lists the five most populous occupations in eating and drinking places: Employment Waiter/waitress............. Kitchen helper .............. Short order or specialty fast foods cook ............ Restaurant, coffee shop, or liquor establishment manager........................ Restaurant c o o k ........... rerceru uj iuiui employment 1,298,910 385.590 27.6 363.590 7.7 271,170 255,820 5.8 5.4 8.2 Miscellaneous retail stores This industry comprises establishments engaged in the retail sale of miscellaneous goods, other than those previously discussed. Drug stores, liquor stores, used merchandise stores, nonstore retailers, fuel and ice dealers, miscellaneous shopping goods stores, florists, etc., are included. Employment in this industry in 1979 totaled 1.9 mil lion. Miscellaneous shopping goods stores (book stores; jewelry stores; hobby, toy, and game shops; sporting goods stores; etc.) accounted for 30 percent of employ ment, with 554,000 workers. Drug stores employed 493,000 or 27 percent. Nonstore retailers, such as mail order houses and automatic merchandising machine op erators, accounted for 15 percent, with 272,000 workers. Other retail stores (florists, cosmetic stores, cigar stores and stands, etc.) employed nearly 14 percent, and li quor stores, 7 percent. Fuel and ice dealers accounted for 5 percent, and used merchandise stores, 3 percent. Sales workers constituted the largest occupational group in this industry, 678,000 or 36 percent o f total industry employment (table 26). Clerical occupations accounted for 413,000 or 22 percent. Ranking third were operating, maintenance, construction, repair, ma terial handling, and powerplant workers, with 17 per cent of industry employment. Managers and officers accounted for 11 percent, and professional workers, 9 percent. Almost half of the professional workers were pharmacists. Service workers made up only 4 percent, and technical workers less than 1 percent, o f total employment. The five largest occupations in miscellaneous retail stores, in order of predominance, are shown in the fol lowing tabulation: Employment Sales clerk ......................... Store manager................... Cashier............................... Nontechnical sales representative, sales agent, or associate......... Delivery or route worker 47 Percent of industry employment 489,150 152,520 146,360 26.3 139,710 93,970 7.5 5.1 8.2 7.9 Table 18. Retail trade: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (Sic 52-59) Percent of total employment Total ................................................................... 15,075,630 100.00 - - Managers and officers............................................... Director, food and beverage and/or catering manager ............................................................ Manager, merchandise........................................... Manager, s to re ....................................................... Manager, automobile service department............ Manager, automobile parts department................ Manager, restaurant, coffee shop, or liquor establishment ................................................... All other managers and officers ........................... 1,429,780 9.48 n.a. n.a. 35,360 105,190 761,260 50,110 39,620 .23 .70 5.05 .33 .26 7 2 1 2 2 1 14 68 5 5 272,520 165,720 1.81 1.10 2 n.a. 5 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Retail and/or wholesale trade buyer..................... Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Musician, instrumental............................................ Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Pharmacist.............................................................. Designer.................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 396,320 145,350 42,570 5,630 1,620 18,180 8,480 81,210 60,100 33,180 2.63 .96 .28 .04 .01 .12 .06 .54 .40 .22 n.a. 2 3 7 23 16 5 2 3 n.a. n.a. 13 6 1 (3) (3) 1 4 3 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer ........................................ Engineering technician ........................................... Pharmacy helper.................................................... All other technicians.............................................. 15,920 2,870 2,700 3,280 7,070 .11 .02 .02 .02 .05 n.a. 20 n.a. 17 n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Baker, bread and/or pastry................................... Bartender -................................................................ Dining room attendant, bartender helper, or cafeteria attendant............................................ Butcher and/or meat cutter................................... Host/hostess, restaurant, lounge or coffee shop . Kitchen helper........................................................ Waiter/waitress ...................................................... Counter attendant, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria ............................................... :........... Cook, short order and/or specialty fast foods...... Cook, restaurant..................................................... Food preparation and service worker, fast food restaurant.......................................................... Pantry, sandwich and/or coffee maker................. All other food service workers.............................. Cosmetologist and/or hairstylist........................... Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly.................... Fitting room checker.............................................. Store detective....................................................... All other service workers....................................... 4,539,940 252,040 28,160 22,360 238,360 30.11 1.67 .19 .15 1.58 n.a. 2 11 10 4 n.a. 17 1 1 3 191,190 137,670 92,300 405,150 1,343,820 1.27 .91 .61 2.69 8.91 5 2 5 3 1 2 4 2 4 6 235,140 380,000 262,730 1.56 2.52 1.74 6 4 3 2 4 4 779,650 55,310 19,110 12,800 41,680 8,780 18,100 15,590 5.17 .37 .13 .08 .28 .06 .12 .10 2 8 n.a. 6 7 5 2 1 n.a. (3) 2 4 1 n.a. 2,727,830 531,440 339,780 54,760 5,740 12,110 2,330 3,570 6,110 18.09 3.53 2.25 .36 .04 .08 .02 .02 .04 n.a. n.a. 15 8 7 n.a. n.a. 11 2 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 3,960 .03 15 (3) 6,350 .04 7 Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Body repairer, automotive................................. Bicycle repairer.................................................. Diesel mechanic................................................ Farm equipment mechanic................................ Marine mechanic and/or repairer ..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Office machine servicer and/or cash register servicer......................................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning m echanic...................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 48 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Employment1 Occupation n.a. 1 3 14 14 1 1 Table 18. Retail trade: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—Continued (Sic 52-59) Occupation Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations Television servicer and repairer, radio repairer and/or tape recorder repairer...................... Coin machine servicer and/or vending machine repairer........................................... Motorboat mechanic.......................................... Gas and electric appliance repairer.................. All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Automobile repair service estimator...................... Cabinetmaker.......................................................... Carpet cutter and/or carpet layer......................... Carpenter ............................................................... Cleaner, vehicle...................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Merchandise displayer and window trimm er........ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Glazier .................................................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Jeweler and/or silversmith .................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Oil burner installer and servicer............................ Musical instrument repairer ................................... Order fille r............................................................... Painter, automotive................................................ Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Custom sewer......................................................... Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentgarment ............................................................. Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentnongarment ....................................................... Sewing machine operator, special equipment and/or automatic equipment-nongarment...... Alteration ta ilo r....................................................... Tire fabricator and/or repairer .............................. Watchmaker............................................................ Furniture assembler and installer ......................... Bagger .................................................................... Service station attendant, fuel pump attendant, and/or lubricator.............................................. Tire changer ........................................................... Optician, dispensing and/or optical mechanic...... Household appliance installer ............................... Sales floor stock clerk ........................................... Furniture finisher .................................................... Furniture upholsterer ............................................. Baker ...................................................................... Cake decorator....................................................... Doughnut maker and/or doughnut machine operator............................................................. Wood machinist...................................................... Ceiling tile installer and/or floor layer................... Mobile home repairer ............................................. Mobile home set-up operator................................ Picture fram er......................................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffice ............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator...... Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator...................... All other office machine operators ........................ Accounting clerk..................................................... Percent of total employment Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 21,070 0.14 5 2 14,420 5,920 25,790 29,530 108,070 10,220 12,410 15,390 22,920 52,980 199,740 15,990 39,190 13,360 15,680 8,590 16,130 18,360 12,160 4,280 27,540 11,480 2,040 58,570 4,820 .10 .04 .17 .20 .72 .07 .08 .10 .15 .35 1.32 .11 .26 .09 .10 .06 .11 .12 .08 .03 .18 .08 .01 .39 .03 8 6 6 n.a. 2 5 10 7 8 3 2 3 3 9 6 9 5 6 5 9 5 6 16 5 9 1 1 2 n.a. 9 1 (3) 1 1 3 14 2 5 1 1 1 2 1 1 (3) 1 1 (3) 2 (3) 1,550 .01 25 (3) 4,130 .03 16 (3) 6,120 40,700 7,690 4,650 7,710 222,490 .04 .27 .05 .03 .05 1.48 13 3 13 9 8 2 (3) 4 (3) 1 1 3 324,140 54,810 9,260 8,870 562,980 5,940 2,100 45,160 1,890 2.15 .36 .06 .06 3.73 .04 .01 .30 .01 2 4 11 6 2 8 17 4 14 6 3 (3) 1 15 1 (3) 2 (3) 18,080 9,340 3,360 5,860 7,110 3,010 26,640 50,230 92,650 .12 .06 .02 .04 .05 .02 .18 .33 .61 6 10 17 6 5 17 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 1 (3) n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,658,430 2,230,620 16,390 4,660 14,440 2,560 6,240 72,910 17.63 14.80 .11 .03 .10 .02 .04 .48 n.a. n.a. 5 10 6 13 n.a. 3 n.a. n.a. 3 1 1 (3) n.a. 7 See footnotes at end of table. * 49 (3) 1 1 Table 18. Retail trade: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—Continued (Sic 52-59) Occupation Clerical workers, office Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Adjustment clerk .................................................... Cashier ................................................................... Collector................................................................. File clerk................................................................. General clerk, office .............................................. Credit authorizer..................................................... Order c le rk.............................................................. Payroll and/or timekeeping clerk.......................... Personnel clerk ...................................................... Credit reference cle rk............................................ Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................ Service c le rk........................................................... Switchboard operator ............................................ Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ T ypist...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or pla n t......................... All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, p lant.............................................. Shipping packer...................................................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage ya rd ................................................................... Marking c le rk .......................................................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. Sales occupations..................................................... Technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate.............................................. Non-technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate.............................................. Sales c le rk .............................................................. Sales clerk supervisor........................................... All other sales workers ......................................... Percent of total employment Employment' Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 279,260 17,650 1,192,390 7,990 6,560 286,100 17,910 38,880 6,700 5,210 3,250 11,980 78,430 21,320 16,370 13,580 17,920 25,920 66,000 427,810 20,200 70,700 1.85 .12 7.91 .05 .04 1.90 .12 .26 .04 .03 .02 .08 .52 .14 .11 .09 .12 .17 .44 2.84 .13 .47 1 5 1 10 17 2 8 5 5 5 9 6 3 7 3 3 6 5 n.a. n.a. 7 2 32 1 26 1 (3) 24 1 2 1 1 (3) 2 11 1 2 3 2 2 n.a. n.a. 1 9 291,110 41,120 4,680 1.93 .27 .03 2 4 n.a. 16 2 n.a. 3,307,410 21.94 n.a. n.a. 176,820 1.17 2 9 775,540 2,301,610 37,860 15,580 5.14 15.27 .25 .10 1 1 5 n.a. 26 44 1 n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)1 2 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 50 Table 19. Building materials, hardware, garden supply stores, and mobile home dealers: Employment relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (Sic 52) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment’ Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Total ................................................................... 645,760 100.00 Managers and officers.............................................. Manager, merchandise........................................... Manager, s to re ....................................................... Manager, wholesale............................................... All other managers and officers ........................... 76,580 13,880 56,980 110 5,610 11.86 2.15 8.82 .02 .87 n.a. 4 2 46 n.a. n.a. 27 75 (3) n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Retail and/or wholesale trade buyer..................... Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Designer................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 18,550 11,670 5,100 680 1,100 2.87 1.81 .79 .11 .17 n.a. 6 10 32 n.a. n.a. 19 11 1 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Drafter................................................................ All other technicians.............................................. 830 670 160 .13 .10 .02 n.a. 18 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Food service workers............................................ All other service workers....................................... 8,170 7,140 410 140 480 1.27 1.11 .06 .02 .07 n.a. 19 34 n.a. n.a. n.a. 14 1 n.a. n.a. 213,140 10,580 3,880 2,190 320 33.01 1.64 .60 .34 .05 n.a. n.a. 10 15 46 n.a. n.a. 5 2 (3) 660 110 3,420 40,780 840 250 18,800 15,440 290 6,350 13,170 10,810 4,790 1,460 1,060 1,460 650 30,490 8,630 190 220 2,960 6,590 2,210 12,240 22,880 .10 .02 .53 6.32 .13 .04 2.91 2.39 .04 .98 2.04 1.67 .74 .23 .16 .23 .10 4.72 1.34 .03 .03 .46 1.02 .34 1.90 3.54 24 50 n.a. 4 41 45 9 7 29 6 9 6 10 28 34 20 49 10 9 43 49 9 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 (3) n.a. 27 (3) (3) 8 14 (3) 11 6 11 7 (3) 1 1 (3) 25 5 (3) (3) 5 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 143,820 102,830 170 140 290 28,450 30,630 29,960 70 260 100 22.27 15.92 .03 .02 .04 4.41 4.74 4.64 .01 .04 .02 n.a. n.a. 42 24 n.a. 3 13 4 36 35 46 n.a. n.a. (3) 1 n.a. 50 21 36 (3) (3) (3) Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Farm equipment mechanic................................ Locksmith ........................................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... Gas and electric appliance repairer.................. All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................ Cabinetmaker.......................................................... Carpet cutter and/or carpet layer......................... Carpenter............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... G lazier.................................................................... Industrial truck operator........................................ Maintenance repairer, general utility ..................... Order fille r.............................................................. Painter, maintenance............................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Sheet metal worker ............................................... Sales floor stock clerk ........................................... Wood machinist...................................................... Variety saw operator ............................................. Woodworking machine operator........................... Mobile home repairer............................................ Mobile home set-up operator................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, office............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator...... Computer operator................................................. All other office machine operators........................ Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Cashier................................................................... General clerk, o ffic e .............................................. Credit authorizer..................................................... Order c le rk .............................................................. Receptionist............................................................ See footnotes at end of table. 51 - - Tabs© 1®. Duilldisig materials, hardware, garden supply stores, and mobile home dealers: Employment relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—-Continued (Sic 52) Occupation Clerical workers, office Secretary................................................................. Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ T ypist...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t........................ All other office clerical workers ....... .................... Clerical workers, p la n t.............................................. Shipping packer...................................................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage ya rd ................................................................... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or work ..................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. Sales occupations..................................................... Technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate............................................... Non-technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate............................................... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Sales clerk supervisor............................................ All other sales workers .......................................... Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 10,360 80 70 330 1,920 40,990 70 9,810 1.60 .01 .01 .05 .30 6.35 .01 1.52 5 23 28 26 n.a. n.a. 40 6 20 (3) (3) 1 n.a. n.a. (3) 16 30,810 120 180 4.77 .02 .03 8 38 n.a. 23 (3) n.a. 184,670 28.60 n.a. n.a. 19,680 3.05 6 17 68,990 95,450 350 200 10.68 14.78 .05 .03 8 5 21 n.a. 41 45 (3) n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 52 Table 20. Qeraeral merchandise stores: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (Sic 53) Employment1 Percent of total employment Total ................................................................... 2,205,580 100.00 Managers and officers.............................................. Manager, merchandise........................................... Fashion coordinator............................................... Manager, s to re ....................................................... Manager, automobile service department............ Manager, automobile parts department................ Manager, restaurant, coffee shop, or liquor establishment ................................................... All other managers and officers ........................... 159,150 28,000 290 61,200 1,620 750 Occupation Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation - - 7.22 1.27 .01 2.77 .07 .03 n.a. 5 17 2 6 7 n.a. 38 1 86 5 4 960 66,330 .04 3.01 8 n.a. 4 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Engineers............................................................... Systems analyst, electronic data processing........ Retail and/or wholesale trade buyer..................... Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Lawyer.................................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Pharmacist.............................................................. Public relations practitioner ................................... Designer.................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 69,470 520 510 40,440 3,910 3,820 1,180 270 7,380 1,460 240 2,530 7,210 3.15 .02 .02 1.83 .18 .17 .05 .01 .33 .07 .01 .11 .33 n.a. n.a. 27 6 8 7 30 45 5 17 28 16 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 21 7 7 2 (3) 19 2 1 5 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Drafter..................................................................... All other technicians............................................... 4,870 1,420 260 3,190 .22 .06 •01 .14 n.a. 37 38 n.a. n.a. 1 (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Dining room attendant, bartender helper, or cafeteria attendant............................................ Butcher and/or meat cutter................................... Host/hostess, restaurant, lounge or coffee shop . Kitchen helper........................................................ Waiter/waitress...................................................... Counter attendant, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria ............................................................ Cook, short order and/or specialty fast foods...... Cook, restaurant..................................................... Food preparation and service worker, fast food restaurant.......................................................... Pantry, sandwich and/or coffee maker................. All other food service workers .............................. Cosmetologist and/or hairstylist............................ Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly .................... Fitting room checker............................................... Store detective....................................................... All other service workers....................................... 144,600 39,200 7,650 6.56 1.78 .35 n.a. 3 7 n.a. 43 10 910 800 380 7,960 21,030 .04 .04 .02 .36 .95 13 23 16 8 5 1 1 1 9 12 12,440 6,310 3,810 .56 .29 .17 5 6 7 12 10 8 570 280 580 11,730 3,620 8,630 16,840 1,860 .03 .01 .03 .53 .16 .39 .76 .08 30 20 n.a. 6 10 5 4 n.a. (3) 1 n.a. 6 9 11 21 n.a. 243,230 45,950 13,910 530 5,000 11.03 2.08 .63 .02 .23 n.a. n.a. 5 12 8 n.a. n.a. 13 2 5 910 9,790 15,810 6,320 690 3,390 10,540 320 .04 .44 .72 .29 .03 .15 .48 .01 34 14 n.a. 7 18 11 4 22 1 4 n.a. 10 1 6 21 1 Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Bicycle repairer.................................................. Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Television servicer and repairer, radio repairer and/or tape recorder repairer...................... Gas and electric appliance repairer.................. All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter ................................................................ Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Merchandise displayer and window trim m er........ Electrician................................................................ See footnotes at end of table. 53 Table 20. General merchandise stores: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—Continued (Sic 53) Occupation Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Order fille r............................................................... Painter, maintenance.............................................. Production packager, hand or machine................ Custom sewer......................................................... Sewing machine operator, special equipment and/or automatic equipment-nongarment....... Stationary engineer................................................ Alteration ta ilo r....................................................... Watchmaker............................................................ Service station attendant, fuel pump attendant, and/or lubricator............................................... Tire changer ........................................................... Household appliance installer............................... Sales floor stock clerk ........................................... Furniture finisher.................................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffice .............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator...... Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operator...................... All other office machine operators........................ Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Adjustment clerk .................................................... C ashier................................................................... Collector.................................................................. File clerk................................................................. General clerk, o ffic e ............................................... Credit authorizer..................................................... Order c le rk.............................................................. Payroll and/or timekeeping clerk........................... Personnel clerk ...................................................... Procurement clerk.................................................. Credit reference clerk............................................. Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................. Service c le rk........................................................... Switchboard operator............................................. T ypist...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t......................... All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, p lant............................................... Shipping packer...................................................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage y a rd .................................................................... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or work ..................... Marking c le rk .......................................................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. Sales occupations..................................................... Technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate............................................... Non-technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate............................................... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Demonstrator.......................................................... Sales clerk supervisor............................................ All other sales workers .......................................... Percent of total employment Employment' Percent of establish ments reporting, the occupation 13 2 7 4 1 1 6 8,790 2,750 3,400 4,950 250 1,360 3,390 0.40 .12 .15 .22 .01 .06 .15 7 15 9 12 18 20 9 320 610 8,230 300 .01 .03 .37 .01 35 14 4 17 (3) 3,470 11,600 1,360 90,430 840 10,030 6,820 17,120 563,370 432,110 3,460 1,470 6,120 1,880 4,290 18,520 15,670 15,300 141,750 5,920 4,630 54,270 16,250 16,050 5,320 4,710 900 2,480 540 14,060 19,420 10,610 4,980 16,000 47,510 131,260 12,210 22,180 .16 .53 .06 4.10 .04 .45 .31 .78 25.54 19.59 .16 .07 .28 .09 .19 .84 .71 .69 6.43 .27 .21 2.46 .74 .73 .24 . .21 .04 .11 .02 .64 .88 .48 .23 .73 2.15 5.95 .55 1.01 8 7 15 5 15 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 19 16 8 15 n.a. 6 4 5 3 13 23 6 8 7 6 4 38 11. 33 10 8 3 15 7 n.a. n.a. 9 4 6 11 2 37 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 2 5 3 n.a. 16 32 14 61 6 4 38 12 12 16 16 (3) 2 1 20 11 19 6 17 n.a. n.a. 12 33 60,940 300 34,010 1,620 2.76 .01 1.54 .07 4 13 5 n.a. 38 1 20 n.a. 1,020,890 46.29 n.a. n.a. 16,860 .76 8 10 131,780 827,550 340 34,500 9,860 5.97 37.52 .02 1.56 .45 3 1 16 5 n.a. 24 83 1 16 n.a. 1 16 1 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. ' Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Relative error (in percentage)2 54 Table 21. Food stores: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (Sic 54) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Total ................................................................... 2,278,610 100.00 Managers and officers.............................................. Manager, merchandise........................................... Manager, store ....................................................... All other managers and officers ........................... 187,540 1,900 160,150 25,490 8.23 .08 7.03 1.12 n.a. 29 2 n.a. n.a. 1 78 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Retail and/or wholesale trade buyer..................... Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Pharmacist .............................................................. All other professional workers............................... 39,790 34,980 930 270 1,240 2,370 1.75 1.54 .04 .01 .05 .10 n.a. 5 20 24 26 n.a. n.a. 20 1 (3) 1 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer ........................................... All other technicians.............................................. 530 320 210 .02 .01 .01 n.a. 26 n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Baker, bread and/or pastry................................... Butcher and/or meat cutter................................... Kitchen helper ........................................................ Waiter/waitress ...................................................... Counter attendant, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria ............................................................ Cook, short order and/or specialty fast foods...... Cook, restaurant..................................................... Food preparation and service worker, fast food restaurant.......................................................... Pantry, sandwich and/or coffee maker................. All other food service workers.............................. Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly.................... Store detective....................................................... All other service workers ....................................... 194,530 31,060 1,590 380 135,820 1,980 4,890 8.54 1.36 .07 .02 5.96 .09 .21 n.a. 4 17 44 2 27 21 n.a. 24 1 (3) 42 1 2 3,610 3,280 1,420 .16 .14 .06 21 20 24 1 2 1 1,820 2,180 4,840 510 510 640 .08 .10 .21 .02 .02 .03 33 23 n.a.. 31 30 n.a. 1 1 n.a. (3) 1 n.a. 734,860 1,700 610 32.25 .07 .03 n.a. n.a. 23 n.a. n.a. (3) 410 680 12,500 13,220 2,480 1,220 1,080 940 53,290 220,860 .02 .03 .55 .58 .11 .05 .05 .04 2.34 9.69 25 n.a. 9 7 15 26 16 43 4 2 (3) n.a. 7 9 1 (3) 1 (3) 23 28 680 344,610 44,990 1,830 .03 15.12 1.97 .08 48 2 4 14 1 42 22 2 18,040 1,100 3,520 12,800 .79 .05 .15 .56 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 14 n.a. n.a. n.a. 778,230 696,590 510 490 330 2,120 34.15 30.57 .02 .02 .01 .09 n.a. n.a. 18 25 n.a. 24 n.a. n.a. 1 (3) n.a. 1 Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Order fille r............................................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Bagger .................................................................... Service station attendant, fuel pump attendant, and/or lubricator.............................................. Sales floor stock clerk ........................................... Baker ...................................................................... Cake decorator....................................................... Doughnut maker and/or doughnut machine operator............................................................. All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffice ............................................. Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ All other office machine operators........................ Accounting clerk..................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 55 - - Table 21. Food stores: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—Continued (Sic 54) Occupation Clerical workers, office Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Adjustment clerk .................................................... Cashier................................................................... General clerk, office .............................................. Order cle rk.............................................................. Secretary................................................................ Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t......................... All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, pla n t.............................................. Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage ya rd ................................................................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales representative, sales agent, and/or sales associate........................................................... Non-technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate.............................................. Sales c le rk .............................................................. All other sales workers .......................................... Percent of total employment Employment' Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 32,140 580 612,080 34,980 540 9,530 1,170 2,120 81,640 480 1.41 .03 26.86 1.54 .02 .42 .05 .09 3.58 .02 3 40 1 6 47 7 19 n.a. n.a. 23 31 (3) 56 17 (3) 11 1 n.a. n.a. 1 80,060 1,100 3.51 .05 5 n.a. 17 n.a. 343,130 15.06 n.a. n.a. 310 .01 n.a. n.a. 2,230 340,040 550 .10 14.92 .02 34 2 n.a. 1 66 n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 56 Table 22. Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (Sic 55) Occupation Total ................................................................... Percent of total employment Employment' 100.00 1,835,350 Relative error (in percentage)2 - Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation - Managers and officers.............................................. Manager, merchandise........................................... Manager, s to re ....................................................... Manager, automobile service department............ Manager, automobile parts department................ All other managers and officers ........................... 261,540 240 160,090 48,380 38,800 14,030 14.25 .01 8.72 2.64 2.11 .76 n.a. 46 2 2 2 n.a. n.a. (3) 69 31 27 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Retail and/or wholesale trade buyer..................... Accountant and/or auditor .................................... All other professional workers............................... 22,470 370 20,720 1,380 1.22 .02 1.13 .08 n.a. 24 3 n.a. n.a. (3) 16 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. 1,230 .07 n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Kitchen helper........................................................ Waiter/waitress...................................................... Cook, short order and/or specialty fast foods...... Cook, restaurant..................................................... All other food service workers.............................. All other service workers ....................................... 51,280 29,010 330 6,400 11,280 830 1,130 980 1,320 2.79 1.58 .02 .35 .61 .05 .06 .05 .07 n.a. 3 30 20 17 40 42 n.a. n.a. n.a. 15 (3) 1 1 (3) (3) n.a. n.a. 925,660 394,720 1,360 313,720 54,460 11,820 3,540 220 5,810 3,790 20,340 10,200 190 52,860 18,150 15,640 960 710 16,090 430 11,450 7,450 50.44 21.51 .07 17.09 2.97 .64 .19 .01 .32 .21 1.11 .56 .01 2.88 .99 .85 .05 .04 .88 .02 .62 .41 n.a. n.a. 10 1 3 14 8 37 6 n.a. 7 5 40 3 6 4 24 33 5 29 6 13 n.a. n.a. 1 55 14 3 2 (3) 4 n.a. 8 6 (3) 21 11 11 1 1 8 (3) 6 3 316,460 42,900 2,900 520 1,680 5,220 6,790 17.24 2.34 .16 .03 .09 .28 .37 2 5 8 22 n.a. n.a. n.a. 33 12 3 (3) n.a. n.a. n.a. 277,860 232,630 190 460 300 21,100 61,140 62,010 350 56,710 280 15.14 12.67 .01 .03 .02 1.15 3.33 3.38 .02 3.09 .02 n.a. n.a. 45 30 23 4 2 6 28 3 46 n.a. n.a. (3) 1 (3) ' 14 39 20 (3) 29 (3) Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, aircraft.............................................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Body repairer, automotive................................. Diesel mechanic................................................ Marine mechanic and/or repairer ..................... Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Motorboat mechanic......................................... All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................ Automobile repair service estimator...................... Carpenter ............................................................... Cleaner, vehicle...................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Machinist................................................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Marine service station attendant .......................... Painter, automotive................................................ Tire fabricator and/or repairer .............................. Service station attendant, fuel pump attendant, and/or lubricator.............................................. Tire changer ........................................................... Mobile home repairer ............................................ Mobile home set-up operator................................ All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers........ All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, office............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator...... Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Cashier ................................................................... Collector................................................................. General clerk, o ffic e .............................................. Order c le rk .............................................................. See footnotes at end of table. 57 Table 22. Automotive dealers and gasoline service stations: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—Continued (Sic 55) Occupation Clerical workers, office Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................. Service c le rk........................................................... Switchboard operator............................................. Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ T ypist...................................................................... All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, pla n t.............................................. Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage ya rd ................................................................... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or work ..................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. Sales occupations..................................................... Technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate............................................... Non-technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate............................................... Sales c le rk .............................................................. All other sales workers .......................................... Percent of total employment Employment' Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 2,640 12,070 940 2,750 8,870 220 2,600 45,230 240 0.14 .66 .05 .15 .48 .01 .14 2.46 .01 10 5 19 8 4 44 n.a. n.a. 37 3 12 1 3 8 (3) n.a. n.a. 0 44,480 340 170 2.42 .02 .01 3 22 n.a. 20 (3) n.a. 295,310 16.09 n.a. 39,760 2.17 5 10 211,340 43,660 550 11.51 2.38 .03 2 5 n.a. 41 14 n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 58 Table 23. Apparel and accessory stores: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (Sic 56) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Total ................................................................... 933,750 100.00 Managers and officers.............................................. Manager, merchandise........................................... Manager, s to re ....................................................... All other managers and officers ........................... 129,190 15,960 104,450 8,780 13.84 1.71 11.19 .94 n.a. 4 1 n.a. n.a. 19 84 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Retail and/or wholesale trade buyer..................... Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Designer................................................................. Furrier..................................................................... All other professional workers............................... 25,670 23,020 660 330 180 240 230 1,010 2.75 2.47 .07 .04 .02 .03 .02 .11 n.a. 3 22 15 20 34 23 n.a. n.a. 20 1 (3) (3) (3) (3) n.a. Technical occupations............................................... Computer programmer ........................................... All other technicians.............................................. 290 210 80 .03 .02 .01 n.a. 18 n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Waiter/waitress ...................................................... All other food service workers.............................. Cosmetologist and/or hairstylist........................... Fitting room checker.............................................. Store detective....................................................... All other service workers ....................................... 14,280 11,530 600 330 180 500 150 430 560 1.53 1.23 .06 .04 .02 .05 .02 .05 .06 n.a. 4 20 35 n.a. 37 32 25 n.a. n.a. 14 1 (3) n.a. (3) (3) (3) n.a. 87,580 1,520 1,610 5,040 160 2,690 140 1,160 9.38 .16 .17 .54 .02 .29 .01 .12 n.a. 10 9 5 30 9 37 23 n.a. 2 3 7 (3) 3 (3) 1 - - Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Truck driver............................................................. Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Merchandise displayer and window trim m er........ Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Custom sewer......................................................... Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentgarm ent............................................................. Sewing machine operator, special equipment ' and/or automatic equipment-garment............. Alteration ta ilo r....................................................... Custom tailor .......................................................... Sales floor stock clerk ........................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers.............. 1,200 .13 29 290 32,370 720 36,890 1,010 1,450 1,330 .03 3.47 .08 3.95 .11 .16 .14 34 3 35 6 n.a. n.a. n.a. (3) 21 (3) 15 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffice ............................................. Computer operator................ ................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ All other office machine operators........................ Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Cashier .................................................................... Collector.................................................................. General clerk, o ffic e .............................................. Credit authorizer..................................................... Order c le rk .............................................................. Payroll and/or timekeeping clerk........................... Credit reference clerk............................................. Secretary................................................................. Switchboard operator............................................. T ypist...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t......................... All other office clerical workers ............................. 134,760 101,550 300 500 260 800 21,720 40,470 150 25,210 290 2,360 140 170 5,430 170 2,230 380 970 14.43 10.88 .03 .05 .03 .09 2.33 4.33 .02 2.70 .03 .25 .01 .02 .58 .02 .24 .04 .10 n.a. n.a. 20 16 n.a. 13 3 3 22 4 18 12 17 21 6 14 9 15 n.a. n.a. n.a. (3) (3) n.a. 1 28 23 (3) 18 (3) 2 (3) (3) 7 (3) 3 (3) n.a. See footnotes at end of table. 59 (3) Tulbi® 23. Apparel and accessory stores: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected ©@©upati@inis, Jum® 1979=e©rrtmM®dl (Sic 56) Occupation Clerical workers, p la n t............................................... Shipping packer...................................................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage ya rd .................................................................... Marking c le rk .......................................................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. Sales occupations..................................................... Technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate............................................... Non-technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate............................................... Sales c le rk .............................................................. Sales clerk supervisor............................................ All other sales workers .......................................... Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 3.56 .02 1.21 n.a. 41 6 n.a. (3) 11 20,570 1,010 160 2.20 .11 .02 6 22 n.a. 11 (3) n.a. 541,980 58.04 n.a. n.a. 11,340 1.21 10 3 132,530 396,010 1,910 190 14.19 42.41 .20 .02 3 1 17 n.a. 29 69 1 n.a. Percent of total employment Employment1 33,210 200 11,270 ' 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 60 Table 24. Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (Sic 57) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Total ................................................................... 610,810 100.00 Managers and officers.............................................. Manager, merchandise........................................... Manager, s to re ....................................................... All other managers and officers ........................... 82,120 11,170 64,910 6,040 13.44 1.83 10.63 .99 n.a. 4 1 n.a. n.a. 20 77 n.a. Professional occupations......................................... Engineers............................................................... Retail and/or wholesale trade buyer..................... Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Public relations practitioner................................... Designer................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 26,030 80 9,790 170 320 70 60 12,700 2,840 4.26 .01 1.60 .03 .05 .01 .01 2.08 .46 n.a. n.a. 5 23 25 30 41 7 n.a. n.a. n.a. 17 1 1 (3) (3) 10 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer.......................................... Engineering technicians, total ............................... Drafter................................................................ Electrical and/or electronic technicians........... All other technicians.............................................. 1,220 90 830 170 660 300 .20 .01 .14 .03 .11 .05 n.a. 27 94 49 45 n.a. n.a. (3) (3) (3) (3) n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Food service workers............................................ All other service workers....................................... 13,470 10,620 120 2,450 280 2.21 1.74 .02 .40 .05 n.a. 4 37 n.a. n.a. n.a. 18 (3) n.a. n.a. 170,450 34,030 27.91 5.57 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4,790 .78 8 6 19,710 7,930 1,600 6,500 11,430 14,940 2,590 37,380 200 360 2,570 90 190 370 4,250 120 140 3.23 1.30 .26 1.06 1.87 2.45 .42 6.12 .03 .06 .42 .01 .03 .06 .70 .02 .02 5 6 n.a. 7 11 8 17 3 23 36 7 34 34 34 9 33 49 17 10 n.a. 8 3 7 2 31 (3) (3) 6 (3) (3) (3) 4 (3) (3) 3,180 .52 17 2 5,520 7,200 200 920 7,200 10,860 4,180 1,760 3,150 1,270 1,230 3,460 5,160 .90 1.18 .03 .15 1.18 1.78 .68 .29 .52 .21 .20 .57 .84 14 8 49 20 7 6 8 19 17 24 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 7 (3) 1 9 10 7 2 2 (3) n.a. n.a. n.a. Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... Television servicer and repairer, radio repairer and/or tape recorder repairer...................... Gas and electric appliance repairer.................. All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................ Cabinetmaker......................................................... Carpet cutter and/or carpet layer......................... Carpenter............................................................... Delivery and/or route w orker................................ Merchandise displayer and window trimm er........ Electrician............................................................... Supervisor, nonworking......................................... Industrial truck operator ........................................ Maintenance repairer, general utility ..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Musical instrument repairer ................................... Order fille r.............................................................. Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentnongarment ....................................................... Sewing machine operator, special equipment and/or automatic equipment-nongarment....... Furniture assembler and installer ......................... Drapery and upholstery measurer ......................... Drapery hanger....................................................... Household appliance installer............................... Sales floor stock clerk .......................................... Furniture finisher .................................................... Furniture upholsterer ............................................. Ceiling tile installer and/or floor layer................... Picture fram er......................................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. See footnotes at end of table. \ - - Table 24. Furniture, home furnishings, and equipment stores: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—Continued (Sic 57) Occupation Percent of total employment Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation n.a. n.a. 1 1 n.a. 15 38 (3) 12 1 33 1 0 (3) 5 15 (3) 2 4 10 n.a. n.a. 5 14 Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, o ffice ............................................. Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ All other office machine operators........................ Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Adjustment clerk .................................................... Cashier ................................................................... Collector................................................................. General clerk, office .............................................. Credit authorizer..................................................... Order cle rk.............................................................. Credit reference cle rk............................................. Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................. Service c le rk........................................................... Switchboard operator............................................. Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ Clerical supervisor, office or p la n t........................ All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, pla n t.............................................. Shipping packer...................................................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage ya rd ................................................................... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or work ..................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. 127,240 95,840 280 380 140 8,480 22,850 170 11,130 950 29,780 430 290 230 2,440 8,060 200 900 1,690 6,400 1,040 31,400 4,020 8,610 20.83 15.69 .05 .06 .02 1.39 3.74 .03 1.82 .16 4.88 .07 .05 .04 .40 1.32 .03 .15 .28 1.05 .17 5.14 .66 1.41 n.a. n.a. 19 12 n.a. 4 3 28 5 18 3 22 29 21 9 5 20 9 8 6 n.a. n.a. 9 5 18,610 80 80 3.05 .01 .01 4 19 n.a. 18 (3) n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate............................................... Non-technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate.............................................. Sales clerk .............................................................. Demonstrator.......................................................... Sales clerk supervisor............................................ All other sales workers .......................................... 190,280 31.15 n.a. n.a. 43,250 7.08 4 19 88,560 57,630 120 230 490 14.50 9.44 .02 .04 .08 2 4 44 23 n.a. 44 25 (3) (3) n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 62 TabSe 25. Eating and drinking places: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June .1979 (Sic 58) Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Total ................................................................... 4,706,190 100.00 - - Managers and officers.............................................. Director, food and beverage and/or catering manager ............................................................ Manager, restaurant, coffee shop, or liquor establishment ................................................... All other managers and officers ........................... 323,560 6.88 n.a. n.a. 35,130 .75 7 14 271,170 17,260 5.76 .37 2 n.a. 69 n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Musician, instrumental............................................ All other professional workers............................... 28,760 18,090 10,670 .61 .38 .23 n.a. 16 n.a. n.a. 4 n.a. Technical occupations.............................................. 560 .01 n.a. n.a. 4,048,250 105,390 16,090 21,690 236,400 86.02 2.24 .34 .46 5.02 n.a. 5 18 10 4 n.a. 30 4 8 37 189,580 940 91,390 385,590 1,298,910 4.03 .02 1.94 8.19 27.60 5 48 5 3 1 24 1 25 48 64 205,530 363,430 255,820 4.37 7.72 5.44 7 4 4 14 36 41 770,640 51,020 11,930 36,970 6,930 16.38 1.08 .25 .79 .15 2 9 n.a. 7 n.a. 24 13 n.a. 14 n.a. Occupation Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Baker, bread and/or pastry................................... Bartender ................................................................ Dining room attendant, bartender helper, or cafeteria attendant............................................ Butcher and/or meat cutter................................... Host/hostess, restaurant, lounge or coffee shop . Kitchen helper........................................................ Waiter/waitress ...................................................... Counter attendant, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria ............................................................ Cook, short order and/or specialty fast foods...... Cook, restaurant..................................................... Food preparation and service worker, fast food restaurant.......................................................... Pantry, sandwich and/or coffee maker................. All other food service workers.............................. Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly.................... All other service workers ....................................... Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanic and/or repairer ................................. Delivery and/or route worker................................ Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. ' 31,680 1,050 16,570 1,890 1,490 5,220 5,460 .67 .02 .35 .04 .03 .11 .12 n.a. n.a. 19 23 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 2 n.a. n.a. n.a. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, office............................................. Office machine operators ...................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Cashier ................................................................... General clerk, office .............................................. Secretary................................................................. All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, pla n t............................................... Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage ya rd ................................................................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. 220,200 218,170 900 55,960 147,960 3,890 2,740 6,720 2,030 4.68 4.64 .02 1.19 3.14 .08 .06 .14 .04 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 6 32 34 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 28 27 2 3 n.a. n.a. 1,620 410 .03 .01 28 n.a. 1 n.a. Sales occupations..................................................... Sales c le rk .............................................................. All other sales workers .......................................... 53,180 52,110 1,070 1.13 1.11 .02 n.a. 15 n.a. n.a. 5 n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 63 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment: relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. Not available. Table 26. Miscellaneous retail stores: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979 (Sic 59) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Total ................................................................... 1,859,680 100.00 Managers and officers.............................................. Manager, merchandise........................................... Manager, store ....................................................... Manager, restaurant, coffee shop, or liquor establishment ................................................... All other managers and officers ........................... 210,110 33,970 152,520 11.30 1.83 8.20 n.a. 3 1 n.a. 17 64 290 23,330 .02 1.25 35 n.a. n.a. Professional occupations.......................................... Retail and/or wholesale trade buyer..................... Accountant and/or auditor .................................... Commercial a rtis t................................................... Writer and/or editor............................................... Optometrist ............................................................. Personnel and labor relations specialist............... Pharmacist.............................................................. Public relations practitioner ................................... Designer.................................................................. All other professional workers............................... 165,580 24,870 10,160 960 340 1,160 300 78,340 340 43,600 5,510 8.90 1.34 .55 .05 .02 .06 .02 4.21 .02 2.34 .30 n.a. 4 5 22 32 20 21 2 24 4 n.a. n.a. 11 7 Technical occupations.............................................. Computer programmer........................................... Engineering technician........................................... Pharmacy helper.................................................... All other technicians.............................................. 6,430 540 370 3,140 2,380 .35 .03 .02 .17 .13 n.a. 24 n.a. 18 n.a. n.a. Service occupations ................................................. Janitor, porter, and/or cleaner.............................. Guard and/or doorkeeper...................................... Bartender ............................................................... Dining room attendant, bartender helper, or cafeteria attendant............................................ Host/hostess, restaurant, lounge or coffee shop . Kitchen helper ........................................................ Waiter/waitress ...................................................... Counter attendant, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria ............................................................ Cook, short order and/or specialty fast foods...... Cook, restaurant..................................................... Food preparation and service worker, fast food restaurant.......................................................... Pantry, sandwich and/or coffee maker................. All other food service workers.............................. Cosmetologist and/or hairstylist ........................... Supervisor, nonworking-service o n ly.................... All other service workers ....................................... 65,400 18,090 1,380 1,710 3.52 .97 .07 .09 n.a. 5 18 19 n.a. 10 260 430 1,000 7,300 .01 .02 .05 .39 36 23 23 15 13,240 6,140 320 .71 .33 .02 9 10 32 6,440 1,800 2,320 560 510 3,900 .35 .10 .12 .03 .03 .21 11 17 n.a. 31 18 n.a. 321,230 43,350 7,330 290 5,110 17.27 2.33 .39 .02 .27 n.a. n.a. 8 43 15 300 260 640 .02 .01 .03 40 40 21 3,910 .21 15 200 .01 33 13,780 7,840 3,690 19,630 260 93,970 .74 .42 .20 1.06 .01 5.05 8 7 n.a. 4 27 3 Occupation Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations . Mechanics and repairers, to ta l.............................. Mechanic, automotive........................................ Body repairer, automotive................................. Bicycle repairer.................................................. Camera repairer and/or motion picture camera repairer.......................................................... Gunsmith ............................................................ Mechanic, maintenance..................................... Office machine servicer and/or cash register servicer......................................................... Refrigeration mechanic and/or air conditioning mechanic...................................................... Coin machine servicer and/or vending machine repairer........................................... Gas and electric appliance repairer.................. All other mechanics and repairers.................... Truck driver............................................................. Carpenter................................................................ Delivery and/or route w orker................................ See footnotes at end of table. 64 - -- 0 (3) O (3) (3) 16 (3) 8 n.a. (3) n.a. 1 n.a. (3) (3) O (3) (3) 1 2 2 (3) 1 (3) n.a. (3) (3) n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 (3) 1 (3) (3) (3) 1 (3) 3 4 n.a. 8 (3) 23 Table 26. Miscellaneous retail stores: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—Continued (Sic 59) Occupation Operating, maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupations Supervisor, nonworking.......................................... Industrial truck operator......................................... Jeweler and/or silversmith .................................... Maintenance repairer, general u tility..................... Helper, trades......................................................... Oil burner installer and servicer............................ Order fille r............................................................... Plumber and/or pipefitter....................................... Production packager, hand or machine................ Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentgarment ............................................................. Sewing machine operator, special equipment and/or automatic equipment-garment............. Sewing machine operator, regular equipmentnongarment ....................................................... Watchmaker............................................................ Welder and/or flamecutter .................................... Furniture assembler and installer .......................... Service station attendant, fuel pump attendant, and/or lubricator.............................................. Optician, dispensing and/or optical mechanic...... Sales floor stock clerk ........................................... Furniture finisher.................................................... Hand stone carver................................................. Picture fram er......................................................... All other skilled craft and kindred workers........... All other operatives and semiskilled workers....... All other laborers and unskilled workers .............. Clerical occupations.................................................. Clerical workers, office............................................. Bookkeeping and/or billing machine operator...... Computer operator................................................. Keypunch operator ................................................ Peripheral EDP equipment operator...................... All other office machine operators........................ Accounting clerk..................................................... Bookkeeper, hand.................................................. Adjustment clerk .................................................... Cashier................................................................... Collector................................................................. File clerk................................................................. General clerk, o ffic e .............................................. Credit authorizer..................................................... Order cle rk............................................................. Payroll and/or timekeeping clerk.......................... Credit reference clerk............................................ Receptionist............................................................ Secretary................................................................ Service c le rk ........................................................... Switchboard operator............................................ Switchboard operator and/or receptionist............ T ypist...................................................................... Clerical supervisor, office or pla n t......................... All other office clerical workers ............................ Clerical workers, p lant.............................................. Shipping packer...................................................... Shipping and/or receiving cle rk............................ Stock clerk, stockroom, warehouse, or storage y a rd ................................................................... Dispatcher, vehicle, service or work ..................... Marking c le rk .......................................................... All other plant clerical workers ............................. Percent of total employment Employment1 Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation 2,300 690 8,420 1,390 200 12,050 19,800 310 1,740 0.12 .04 .45 .07 .01 .65 1.06 .02 .09 9 32 9 14 44 5 6 37 23 1 (3) 2 1 (3) 4 4 (3) 0 340 .02 46 (3) 470 .03 27 (3) 470 4,340 540 360 .03 .23 .03 .02 48 10 31 32 (3) 2 (3) (3) 2,050 9,220 49,540 660 570 1,430 7,180 14,960 24,990 .11 .50 2.66 .04 .03 .08 .39 .80 1.34 14 11 4 29 37 26 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 1 12 (3) (3) (3) n.a. n.a. n.a. 412,970 350,930 12,390 1,120 6,060 340 1,440 19,150 41,340 1,430 146,360 520 1,650 51,290 740 19,100 560 230 5,580 16,190 700 1,680 2,620 9,970 1,220 9,250 62,040 2,930 17,880 22.21 18.87 .67 .06 .33 .02 .08 1.03 2.22 .08 7.87 .03 .09 2.76 .04 1.03 .03 .01 .30 .87 .04 .09 .14 .54 .07 .50 3.34 .16 .96 n.a. n.a. 4 13 8 41 n.a. 4 2 22 3 22 28 3 21 7 20 43 8 4 15 13 8 7 14 n.a. n.a. 18 5 n.a. n.a. 9 (3) 2 (3) n.a. 9 24 (3) 19 (3) (3) 19 (3) 5 (3) (3) 3 9 (3) 1 3 4 1 n.a. n.a. (3) 8 34,020 550 5,980 680 1.83 .03 .32 .04 5 12 8 n.a. 11 1 2 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 65 Table 26. Miscellaneous retail stores: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1979—-Continued (Sic 59) Occupation Sales occupations..................................................... Technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate.............................................. Non-technical sales representative, sales agent and/or associate.............................................. Sales clerk .............................................................. Sales clerk supervisor............................................ All other sales workers .......................................... Percent of total employment Employment' Percent of establish ments reporting the occupation n.a. 677,960 36.46 n.a. 45,600 2.45 5 8 139,710 489,150 440 3,060 7.51 26.30 .02 .16 3 2 36 n.a. 19 49 (3) n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 The relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated Relative error (in percentage)2 employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Rounded to zero, n.a. Not available. 66 Appendix A. Survey Methods ®ndl Reliability of Estimates Se©p@ ©f survey Size class The survey covered private nonmanufacturing establishments in Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 41, 42, 44-49, and 50-59. The reference date of the survey was the week that included April 12, May 12, or June 12,1979, depending on the SIC o f the sampl ed unit as shown below: SIC 41................................ 42................................ 44................................ 45................................ ........... 46................................ 47................................ 48 (except 483)........... 483............................... ........... 49................................. ........... 50-59....................................... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Reference date ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ 0-3 4-9 10-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-999 1,000 and over Reporting units with 0-3 employees were not sampled in all States, but units with 4-9 employees were given larger weights to represent the employment in the smaller size class. Reporting units with 250 or more employees were included in the sample with certainty. Sample sizes intended to produce State estimates with target relative errors of 10 to 15 percent at one standard deviation were developed for the noncertainty size classes. This was done for groups of SIC’s based on averages of occupational rates and coefficients of varia tion (CV’s) from the previous survey for a set of typical occupations. This SIC sample size was allocated to the size classes in proportion to size class employment. The sample was selected systematically with equal probabi lity within each State/SIC/size class cell. States were given the option of two target relative er rors in designing their samples. Some States varied the target relative error by SIC. This was done to allow reductions in sample size for cost reasons. The sample size for the six supplemental States was developed by first determining the sample size required for national estimates in each two-digit SIC with a target relative error of 10 percent at one standard devia tion. This was done by averaging CV’s and occupational rates for a set o f occupations from the previous survey. Establishments with 1,000 or more employees were in cluded with certainty. This national SIC sample size was then allocated to the noncooperating State/size class cells in proportion to employment. The above allocations resulted in a total initial sample size for all States of 267,300 reporting units. June 12 May 12 April 12 June 12 The survey covered all 50 States and the District of Columbia. Method of coiieotlon Survey schedules were mailed to most sample establishments; personal visits were made to some larger companies. Two additional mailings were sent to nonrespondents at approximately 6-week intervals. Nonrespondents considered critical to the survey (due to size) were followed up by telephone or personal visit. Sgmplifrag procedure The sampling frame for this survey was the list of units (excluding government units) in the specified SIC’s as reported to State unemployment insurance agencies. Because each cooperating State selected its own sample, the reference date of the sampling frame varied depend ing on when the last updates to the frame were made and when sampling took place. The reference date for the frame used for sampling in the six supplemental States was the first quarter of 1978. The universe was stratified into SIC and size classes. The size classes were determined by employment as follows: Employees Response There were 239,869 final eligible units in the sample (i.e., excluding establishments that were out of business, out of scope, etc.). Usable responses were obtained 67 from 170,105 units, producing a response rate of 70.9 percent based on units and 64.2 percent based on weighted employment. Subsequent to the national estimates, States received additional data to prepare State estimates. Response rates in most States were significantly higher than the response rate used to develop national estimates. Pijk = ®ijk = Mj = occupational employment in i-th industry, j-th size class and k-th establishment total employment in i-th industry, j-th size class and k-th estab lishment population total employment in i-th industry E stim atio n The population value of total employment (M ;) was obtained from the BLS monthly survey of nonagricultural establishments. The standard form for the sampling variance for a combined ratio estimate is: A weight was determined for each sample unit from which a usable response was received. Each weight was composed of two factors. The first factor was the in verse of the probability o f selection. The second was the nonresponse adjustment factor, used to correct for questionnaires that were not returned or not usable. For each of the three-digit SIC/State/size class sampling cells, a nonresponse factor was calculated that was equal to: ? ? N « 2 (1 - f H) . A h V(p) 1J Weighted sample employment of all responding eligible units j N :; Sample employment was taken from the sampling frame. If the factor in a cell was greater than a predeter mined maximum factor, which increased as the number of respondents in a cell increased, the cell was collapsed with other homogeneous cells within the SIC until the factor for the combined cells was not greater than the appropriate maximum factor. If the collapsing pro cedure terminated (i.e., no more cells were available for collapse) before satisfying the above constraint, then the appropriate maximum factor was used. For size classes 1 -6 , homogeneous cells were determined to be other size cells within the SIC and State. For size classes 7-9, homogeneous cells were determined to be other State cells within the SIC and size class. The weight for each establishment was the product of the two factors. A combined ratio estimate of occupational employ ment was used to develop the national estimates. The auxiliary variable used was total employment. The estimating formula is: ’ Pij K ii ?1 ?J T1U V 2 VU Var(P) [By] . [Djj] • [Fjj]2 : ( M y -e u)/(M ii) Tu D;i 8------5 w ijk G ij = ( i w 'ik] H ij = ( f W|jkJ - J k ( G ij) /( H ij) 2 wijk 2 2 w^k eijk L j k Where: p s ^eij The variances for the occupational estimates were esti mated from the following formula: Bij =2 2 w ijk Pijk J k 2R ,K ijS|pij variance of p 3-digit industry within a 2-digit industry size class total number of units in the i-th industry and j-th size class sampling fraction in the i-th industry and j-th size class number of sample units in the i-th industry and j-th size class standard deviation of p within the i-th industry and j-th size class standard deviation of e within the i-th industry and j-th size class correlation coefficient between p and e within the i-th industry and j-th size class. Where: V(p) i Weighted sample employment of all eligible units in sample Hjj S^ij + R? Seij - A jj ' 2 w ijk 2- digit industry occupational employment estimate 3- digit industry within a 2-digit industry size class establishment weight after nonresponse adjustment in i-th industry, j-th size class and k-th establishment (M i) / ( f k ^ V -2 e‘ik 2 Wjjk • L 2jk v 'J k L iUk (Pijk- Rieijk) - (Py—RiCy) Mi benchmark total employment in the i-th industry and j-th size class Where: 68 conditions and an estimate and its estimated sample er ror were calculated from each sample, then: 1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below to one standard error above the derived estimate would include the average value of all possible samples. This in terval is called a 68-percent confidence interval. ? 2 Wjjk Pjjk'l / f ? 2 WjjkCijk Jk J / (j k All other terms are as defined above. This formula is almost a computational form of the standard formula given above. One simplifying assumption has been made: Wjjk = Ca for all k in a given ij cell 2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6 standard errors below to 1.6 stand ard errors above the derived estimate would include the average o f all p ossib le samples. This interval is called a 90-percent confidence interval. 3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two standard errors below to two standard er rors above the derived estimate would include the average of all possible samples. This inter val is called a 95-percent confidence interval. 4. Almost all intervals from three standard errors below to three standard errors above the deriv ed estimate would include the average o f all possible samples. That is, the weights are equal to a constant C within a given three-digit industry/size class cell. At this time, the total effect of this assumption on the variance estimates has not been measured. Reliability of estimates Estimates developed from the sample may differ from the results of a complete survey of all the establishments in the sampled lists. Two types of errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an estimate based on a sample survey. Sampling error occurs because observa tions are made only on a sample, not on the entire population. Nonsampling error can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample; differences in the respondents’ interpretation of questions; inability of respondents to provide correct information; errors in recording, coding, or processing the data; errors in estimating values for missing data; and failure to repre sent all units in the population. The particular sample used in this survey is one of a large number of all possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the same sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples would differ from each other; the difference between a sample estimate and the average of all possible sample estimates is called the sampling deviation. The standard or sampling error o f a survey estimate is a measure of the variation among the estimates from all possible samples. The relative standard error is defined as the standard error of the estimate divided by the value being estimated; the variance is defined as the standard error squared. The sample estimate and an estimate of its standard error enable one to construct interval estimates with prescribed confidence that the interval includes the average result of all possible samples that could be ob tained from the sample design for the survey. To illustrate, if all possible samples were selected, and if each of these were surveyed under essentially the same An inference that the complete coverage value would be within the indicated ranges would be correct in ap proximately the relative frequencies shown. For example, suppose an estimated total is shown as 5,000 with an associated relative error o f 2 percent. Then the standard error is 100 (2 percent of 5,000) and there is a 68-percent chance that the average o f all possi ble sample totals would be between 4,900 and 5,100, and it is almost certain that the average of all possible sample totals would be between 4,700 and 5,300. The relative errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error, but do not measure biases in the data due to nonsampling error. Efforts were made to reduce the biases due to errors in recor ding, coding, and processing the data. The adjustment made for nonrespondents assum ed that the characteristics of the nonrespondents were the same as those of the respondents at a given level. To the extent this is not true, bias is introduced in the data. The magnitude of these biases is not known. Particular care should be exercised in the interpreta tion of small estimates, estimates based on a small number o f cases, or small differences between estimates because the sampling errors are relatively large and the magnitude of the biases is unknown. 69 App®ira(dto i_ ©ES Surety Dafa Awanlafbl© from SS®t@ Ag@[m©D®g State data on occupational employment in transportation, communications, utilities, and trade are available as indicated in the following table. These reports may be obtained from the State employment security agencies listed on the inside back cover o f this publication. Table B-1. OES survey data available by State and year State Alabama....................................................... Alaska........................................................... Arizona........................................................ Arkansas....................................................... California .................................................... Colorado...................................................... Connecticut................................................ D elaw are.................................................... District of Colum bia.................................... Florida ........................................................ Georgia......................................................... Hawaii ............................................ ............ Idaho .......................................................... Illinois........................................................... Indiana........................................................ Io w a ............................................................. Kentucky .................................................... Louisiana.................................................... M aine.......................................................... Maryland .............................. .................. Massachusetts............................................ Michigan....................................................... Minnesota.................................................... 19731 1976 1979 X X X X X X X X X X State Mississippi................................................... M issouri....................................................... Nevada ......................................................... New Hampshire........................................... New Jersey.................................. ............ New M exico................................................. New Y o rk ..................................................... North Carolina ............................................. North D akota............................................... Oklahoma..................................................... Oregon ......................................................... Pennsylvania ............................................... Rhode Island................................................. South C arolina............................................. South Dakota............................................... Tennessee .................................................. Texas ........................................................... U ta h ............................................................. Virginia ......................................................... West Virginia .............................................. Wisconsin..................................................... Wyoming^..................................................... X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X (2 ) X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1976 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2 Report in progress. ☆ 'U .S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1 9 8 2 70 1979 X X 1Covered wholesale and retail trade only. 19731 0 -3 6 1 -2 7 1 (4 9 1 4 ) ULSo Dfep@ftm®En)t @fi L a b o r lyroay ©f Labor Statistics REGION I - BOSTON John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Bldg. Government Center - Room 1603 A Boston, Mass. 02203 REGION V - CHICAGO 230 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, 111. 60604 REGION II - NEW YORK 1515 Broadway— Suite 3400 New York, N .Y . 10036 REGION VI - DALLAS 555 Griffin Sq., 2nd FI. Dallas Tex, 75202 REGION III - PHILADELPHIA 3535 Market Street P.O . Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 REGIONS VII & VIII - KANSAS CITY 911 Walnut Street Kansas City, Mo. 64106 REGION IV - ATLANTA 1371 Peachtree Street, N .E Atlanta, Ga. 30367 REGION IX - X - SAN FRANCISCO 450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 State Agencies Cooperating in the ©ES Program BLS Region IV X IX VI IX VIII I III III ALABAM A ALASKA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DIST. OF COL. IV IV IX X V FLORIDA GEORGIA HAW AII IDAHO ILLINOIS V IV VI I III I V V INDIANA KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE M ARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA IV MISSISSIPPI VII MISSOURI IX NEVADA I NEW HAMPSHIRE II NEW JERSEY VI NEW MEXICO II NEW YORK IV NORTH CAROLINA VIII NORTH DAKOTA VI OKLAHOMA X OREGON III PENNSYLVANIA I IV VIII IV VI VIII III III V VIII RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VIRGINIA WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING -Department o f Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Room 427, Montgomery 36130 -Department o f Labor, Employment Security Division, P.O . Box 1149, Juneau 99802 -Department o f Economic Security, Labor Market Information, P.O . Box 6123, Phoenix 85005 -Department o f Labor, Employment Security Division, P.O . Box 2981, Little Rock 72203 -Employment Development Department, P.O . Box 1679, Sacramento 95808 -Department o f Labor, Division o f Employment and Training, 251 East 12th Avenue, Denver 80203 -Labor Department, Employment Security Division, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109 -Department o f Labor, University Plaza Office Complex, Bldg. D , Chapman R d., Route 273, Newark 19713 -D.C. Department o f Labor, Division o f Labor Market Information, Research, and Analysis, 605 G Street, N .W ., Washington 20001 -Department o f Labor and Employment Security, Caldwell Bldg., Tallahassee 32301 -Department o f Labor, Labor Information Systems, 254 Washington Street, S.W ., Atlanta 30334 -Department o f Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O . Box 3680, Honolulu 96811 -Department o f Employment, Research and Analysis Division, P.O . Box 35, Boise 83707 -Bureau o f Employment Security, Research and Analysis Division, 910 South Michigan Avenue, 12th Floor, Chicago 60605 -Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204 -Department o f Human Resources, 275 E, Main Street, 2nd Floor West, Frankfort 40621 -Department o f Labor, P.O . Box 44094, Capitol Station, Baton Rouge 70804 -Department o f Manpower Affairs, Employment Security Commission, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330 -Department o f Human Resources, 1100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201 -Division o f Employment Security, Research and Statistics Division, Charles F. Hurley Bldg., Boston 02114 -Employment Security Commission, Research and Statistics Division, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202 -Department o f Economic Security, Research and Statistical Services Office, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101 -Employment Security Commission, P.O . Box 1699, Jackson 39205 -Department o f Labor and Industrial Relations, Division o f Employment Security, P.O . Box 59, Jefferson City 65101 -Employment Security Department, Employment Security Research Division, 500 E. Third Street, Carson City 89713 -Department o f Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301 -Department o f Labor and Industry, Division o f Planning and Research, OES Survey, P.O . Box 359, Trenton 08625 -Department o f Human Services, Employment Service Division, P.O . Box 1928, Alburquerque 87103 -N .Y . State Department o f Labor, Division o f Research and Statistics, State Campus— Building 12, Albany 12201 -Employment Security Commission, P.O . Box 25903, Raleigh 27611 -Employment Security Bureau, P.O . Box 1537, Bismarck 58505 -Employment Security Commission, Research and Planning, Room 310, Will Rogers Memorial Office Building, Oklahoma City 73105 -Department o f Human Resources, Employment Division, 875 Union Street, N .E ., Salem 97130 -Department o f Labor and Industry, Research and Statistics Division, Seventh and Forster Streets, Harrisburg 17121 -Department o f Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903 -Employment Security Commission, P.O . Box 995, Columbia 29202 -Department o f Labor, Research and Statistics Division, 607 North Fourth Street, Aberdeen 57401 -Department o f Employment Security, Room 519, Cordell Hull Office Building, Nashville 37219 -Employment Commission, TEC Building, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778 -Department o f Employment Security, P.O . Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147 -Employment Commission, Manpower Research Division, P.O . Box 1358, Richmond 23211 -Department o f Employment Security, State Office Building, 112 California Avenue, Charleston 25305 -Department o f Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, 201, East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707 -Employment Security Commission, Reports and Analysis Section, P.O . Box 2760, Casper 82601
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