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Occupational Employment in Mining, Construction, Finance, and Services U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics September 1986 Bulletin 2264 / ?. 3 : OOCUMENT COLLECTION Jayton & Momy. .it;ry Co Public Library Occupational Employment in Mining, Construction, Finance, and Services U.S. Department of Labor William E. Brock, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner September 1986 Bulletin 2264 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Preface This bulletin provides data from a 1984 survey of occupational employment in mining, construction, finance, insurance, real estate, and selected services in dustries. Occupational employment data from a 1983 survey of hospitals are also included (appendix B). Earlier surveys of these nonmanufacturing industries were conducted in 1973, 1975, 1978, and 1981. Results of the 1981 survey were published in Bulletin 2186, O c cu p a tio n a l E m p lo y m e n t in M in in g, C on stru ctio n , Finance, a n d S ervices. Remaining nonmanufacturing industries were surveyed in 1982 and the results were published in Bulletin 2220, O ccu p a tio n a l E m p lo y m e n t in T ran sportation , Trade. C o m m u n ica tio n s, U tilities, and Surveys of the manufacturing sector have been con ducted at 3-year intervals since 1971. Results of the most recent survey, in 1983, were published in Bulletin 2248, O ccu pation al E m p lo y m e n t in M an u factu rin g Industries. These periodic surveys are part of a Federal-State cooperative program of occupational employment statistics ( o e s ) . The o e s program provides information for many data users, including individuals and organizations engaged in planning vocational education programs, training programs supported by the Job Training Partnership Act, and higher education. O E S data are also used to prepare information for career counseling, for job placement activities performed at State employment security offices, and for personnel planning and market research conducted by private enterprises. This bulletin was prepared in the Office of Employ ment and Unemployment Statistics, Division of Oc cupational and Administrative Statistics, by Peter Uimonen and Barbara Keitt under the direction of Glyn Finley. Kevin Tidemann provided data processing sup port. Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. Contents Page Introduction.................................................................................................................................... Summary........................................................................................................................................ M ining............................................................................................................................................ Mining, except oil and gas extraction........................................................................................ Oil and gas extraction................................................................................................................. Construction.................................................................................................................................. General building contractors..................................................................................................... Heavy construction contractors.................................................................................................. Special trade contractors.................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate................................................................................................ Banks and credit agencies........................................................................................................... Security and commodity brokers and investment services........................................................ Insurance and real e s ta te ........................................................................................................... Services............................................................................................................................................ Hotels and other lodging places.................................................................................................. Personal services......................................................................................................................... Business services......................................................................................................................... Automotive repair, services, and garages.................................................................................. Miscellaneous repair services..................................................................................................... Motion pictures........................................................................................................................... Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures.................................................... Health services, except hospitals................................................................................................ Legal services.............................................................................................................................. Social services............................................................................................................................. Museums and botanical and zoological gardens....................................................................... Membership organizations, except religious organizations...................................................... Miscellaneous services ............................................................................................................... Tables: 1. Employment in selected nonmanufacturing industries, 1984 ............................................ 2. Employment in selected nonmanufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1984 .................................................................................. 3. Percent distribution of employment in selected nonmanufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1984 ................................................................................ Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations: 4. Mining, except oil and gas extraction, May 1984 ............................................................... 5. Metal mining, May 1984 ...................................................................................................... 6. Bituminous coal and lignite mining, May 1984................................................................... 7. Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic minerals except fuels, May 1984............................. 8. Oil and gas extraction, May 1984........................................................................................ 9. Construction, May 1984 ...................................................................................................... 10. General building contractors, May 1984............................................................................. 11. Heavy construction contractors, May 1984 ....................................................................... V 1 2 6 6 7 28 28 28 29 47 47 48 49 75 75 75 76 76 77 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 4 5 5 8 12 16 20 24 30 35 39 Contents—Continued Page 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Special trade contractors, May 1984 ................................................................................... 43 Banking, May 1984 .............................................................................................................. 51 Credit agencies, except banks, May 1984 ........................................................................... 54 Security and commodity brokers and services, May 1984 .................................................. 57 Holding and other investment offices, May 1984................................................................ 60 Insurance carriers, May 1984 .............................................................................................. 63 Insurance agents, brokers, and services, May 1984 ............................................................ 67 Real estate, May 1984 .......................................................................................................... 70 Combined real estate, insurance, loan, and law offices,May 1984 .................................... 73 Hotels and other lodging places, May 1984......................................................................... 81 Personal services, May 1984 ................................................................................................ 85 Business services, June 1984 ................................................................................................ 89 Automotive repair, services, and garages, May 1984............................................................ 95 Miscellaneous repair services, May 1984............................................................................. 98 Motion pictures, June 1984................................................................................................... 102 Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures, April 1984 ..........................105 Health services, except hospitals, April 1984 .......................................... 109 Legal services, May 1984.................................................................................................... 113 Social services, April 1984.................................................................................................. 115 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens, April1984 ............................................ 119 Membership organizations, except religious organizations,April 1984 .......................... 121 Miscellaneous services, June 1984 ..................................................................................... 125 Appendixes: A. Survey methods and reliability of estimates...................................................................... B. Occupational employment in hospitals, April 1983............................................................ C. The OES classification system.......................................... .................................................. D. OES survey data available from State agencies.................................................................. vi 130 134 139 141 Introduction percent of total employment, relative error, and the per cent of establishments reporting the occupation.2 Employment estimates are based upon survey results adjusted by total industry employment. The percent of total employment refers to the percent of total industry employment in a specific occupation. Relative error is a measure of variability expressed as a proportion of the sample estimate. The percentage of establishments reporting a particular occupation indicates the frequency of occurrence of an occupation. Occupations with fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 percent are not shown separately but are included in the appropriate residual categories. Employment is rounded to the nearest 10. The relative error and the percent of respondents re porting an occupation are rounded to the nearest whole percent. The percent of total employment was com puted from rounded employment data. The Occupational Employment Statistics ( o e s ) survey is designed to collect data on occupational employment of wage and salary workers by industry in nonagricultural establishments. The Bureau of Labor Statistics provides the funding, procedures, and technical assistance for the survey, and State employment security agencies collect the data. Supplemental funding was pro vided by the National Science Foundation. In 1984, 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico participated in the survey, compared with 48 States and the District of Columbia in 1981, 43 States in 1978, 29 States in 1975, and 22 States in 1973. The estimates in this publication do not include data for Puerto Rico. Data on occupational employment in each participating jurisdiction are available from the agencies listed in appendix D. Data presented This bulletin contains the following national data on occupational employment for 2-digit Standard In dustrial Classification (sic)1 industries: Employment, The SIC system is described in the 1972 edition o f the Standard In dustrial Classification Manual (O ffice o f M anagem ent and Budget, Executive O ffice o f the President, 1972). 1 1 2 O ccupational data at the m ore detailed 3-digit SIC level are available upon request from the O ffice o f Em ploym ent and Unem ploym ent Statistics, Bureau o f Labor Statistics. D efinitions for all occupations surveyed are also available upon request. Summary organizations. Occupations included in this group are plant, office, and sales managers and corporate officers such as president and treasurer. First-line supervisors, such as production and clerical supervisors, however, are included in the same occupational division as the workers they supervise. The new coding structure con tains a new occupation: First-line supervisor—sales. These supervisory workers are now included in the sales category rather than in the managers/administrators group (appendix C). In 1984, managerial and administrative workers numbered 1.8 million, or 6.9 percent of total employ ment in the nonmanufacturing industries surveyed. The highest concentrations of these workers were in banks and credit agencies (290,560) and business services (281,770), both 16 percent of all managerial and ad ministrative workers. In 1984, employment in the selected nonmanufactur ing industries surveyed was approximately 26.9 million, or more than 28 percent of all nonagricultural wage and salary employment in the Nation. As shown in table 1, 58 percent of the workers were employed in service industries, such as business and health services. Finance, insurance, and real estate employed 5.7 million workers, or 22 percent. Construc tion and mining, with 4.3 million and 1 million workers, respectively, accounted for the remainder. Major occupational groups The o e s occupational classification system, introduced in 1983, was used for this survey. It emphasizes occupa tions of special interest to many data users, such as technology-related occupations and those which require substantial training. In addition, this system is both more concise and more compatible with the Standard Occupational Classification System than were older classification schemes. A detailed explanation of the o e s classification system is given in appendix C. Under this system, workers are classified into seven major occupational groups: Managerial and ad ministrative workers; professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers; sales and related workers; clerical and administrative support workers; service workers; agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers; and production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling workers. Tables 2 and 3 present the distribution of employment of these seven major occupational groups in the various in dustries surveyed. The following sections provide descriptive analyses of the distribution of occupational employment among the 2-digit sic industries surveyed. Throughout, changes in occupational employment between survey years that may be due to changes in the classification system, as opposed to changes in the actual occupational mix of the establishments, are noted. These sections also present detailed occupational employment data by industry. Persons employed in professional positions usually deal with theoretical or practical aspects of such fields as science, engineering, art, education, medicine, law, and business relations. Most of these occupations re quire substantial educational preparation, usually at the university level. Paraprofessionals work under the direction of professionals. These occupations usually re quire some postsecondary education or, in some in stances, a baccalaureate degree. Technical occupations require knowledge of fundamental scientific, engineer ing, mathematical, computer programming, or draft design principles. This knowledge is acquired through study at technical schools and junior colleges, through other formal postsecondary training less extensive than a 4-year college education, or through equivalent onthe-job training or experience. In 1984, professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers numbered 5 million or 19 percent of employ ment in the surveyed industries. The largest concentra tions of these workers were in health services (over 1 million) and business services (over 770,000). Managerial and administrative workers Sales workers Persons holding positions as managerial and ad ministrative workers are primarily concerned with policymaking, planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling activities common to many types of Sales workers in these nonmanufacturing industries primarily include persons who are required to have specific knowledge of the commodity or service being sold. Sales representatives include those who sell com Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers 2 the surveyed total) employed in the nonmanufacturing industries in 1984. The greatest number of such workers was found in banking, insurance and real estate, business services, and health services. Together, these industries alone employed 65 percent of these workers in this survey. modities on a wholesale basis to wholesale, retail, in dustrial, professional, or other establishments. They solicit orders from established clientele and attempt to secure new customers; show samples or catalog illustra tions of products or services to prospective buyers and explain their merit; quote prices and credit and discount terms; arrange delivery schedules; process orders; resolve customer complaints; and keep informed of the latest market conditions, product innovations, and price changes. Sales engineers include workers primarily con cerned with selling to businesses goods and services where a technical background equivalent to a degree in engineering is required. In 1984, the number of sales workers employed was 1.5 million or 5.6 percent of surveyed employment. The highest proportions of total sales workers were employed in insurance and real estate, business services, and securi ty and commodity brokers and investment services. Persons in this occupational group perform services for individuals or establishments. Service workers pro tect individuals and property, prepare and serve food and beverages, and clean interiors and equipment of buildings, offices, stores, vehicles, etc. In 1984, service workers numbered 4.7 million or 18 percent of estimated employment. Health services, business services, and hotels and other lodging places accounted for about 64 percent of the total employment in this category. Clerical and administrative support workers Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers Persons employed in this occupational group are con centrated in five categories: First-line super visors—clerical; selected secretarial and general office occupations; electronic data processing and other office machine occupations; selected communication, mail, and message distributing occupations; and material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing oc cupations. The last group is comprised of plant clerical workers who plan, coordinate, or expedite production and the flow of work. They are also involved in the clerical aspects of receiving, storing, issuing, or shipping of materials, merchandise, supplies, or equipment. The other nonsupervisory groups are primarily comprised of office clerical workers who prepare, systematize, transcribe, transfer, or preserve written communication and records, as well as collect accounts and distribute information. There were 6.8 million clerical workers (26 percent of This category includes forestry workers such as choke setters, log handling equipment operators, nursery workers, and conservation workers. Agricultural workers include persons in occupations such as graders and sorters of agricultural products; gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm; and farm equipment operators. In 1984, the selected nonmanufacturing in dustries employed only 205,570 of these workers, ac counting for less than 1 percent of the total. Service workers Production, construction, operating, mainte nance, and material handling occupations This occupational group includes all skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled workers performing machine and manual tasks. In 1984, this group accounted for 6.1 million or 23 percent of estimated employment. The bulk of production jobs were found in the construction industries (54 percent). 3 Table 1. Employment in selected nonmanufacturing industries, 1984 Employment Percent of total nonmanufacturing employment T otal............................................................. 26,082,450 100.0 Mining, total ............................................................ Mining, except oil and gas extraction ................ Oil and gas extraction......................................... 968,250 370,070 598,180 3.7 1.4 2.3 Construction, to ta l................................................... General building contractors ............................... Heavy construction contractors .......................... Special trade contractors.................................... 4,323,320 1,149,750 779,470 2,394,100 16.6 4.4 3.0 9.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate, to ta l............ Banks and credit agencies................................. Security and commodity brokers and investment services....................................... Insurance and real estate................................... 5,651,860 2,358,080 21.7 9.0 479,520 2,814,260 1.8 10.8 Services, to ta l......................................................... Hotels and other lodging places......................... Personal services................................................. Business services................................................ Auto repair, services, and garages..................... Miscellaneous repair services............................. Motion pictures..................................................... Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures............................................... Health services, except hospitals....................... Legal services ...................................................... Social services ..................................................... Museums and botanical and zoological gardens Membership organizations, except religious organizations .................................................. Miscellaneous services ....................................... 15,139,100 1,267,930 1,002,860 4,069,420 677,880 311,060 229,000 58.0 4.9 3.8 15.6 2.6 1.2 .9 791,470 3,070,950 634,470 1,235,850 39,230 3.0 11.8 2.4 4.7 .2 647,430 1,161,550 2.5 4.5 Industry 4 Table 2. Employment in selected nonmanufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1984 Industry Managers and administrative workers Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers Clerical and administrative Sales and support related workers workers Agricultural, forestry, fishing, and related workers Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling workers Service workers T o ta l........................................ 1,797,040 5,008,400 1,462,030 6,811,300 205,570 6,107,460 4,690,650 Mining, except oil and gas extraction Oil and gas extraction........................ General building contractors............. Heavy construction contractors........ Special trade contractors .................. Banks and credit agencies................ Security and commodity brokers and investment services...................... Insurance and real estate.................. Hotels and other lodging places ....... Personal services.............................. Business services.............................. Auto repair, services, and garages .... Miscellaneous repair services........... Motion pictures .................................. Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures ................ Health services, except hospitals...... Legal services.................................... Social services................................... Museums and botanical and zoological gardens ....................... Membership organizations, except religious organizations.................. Miscellaneous services...................... 19,880 51,010 108,840 43,650 117,890 290,560 24,020 117,550 63,260 57,070 100,580 311,760 2,440 14,230 17,520 2,210 39,960 77,860 27,360 93,720 121,950 57,510 229,160 1,617,550 550 630 6,380 2,110 3,050 1,240 291,430 316,420 818,220 612,350 1,894,160 10,770 4,310 4,620 13,580 4,570 9,300 48,340 55,820 244,770 70,210 30,220 281,770 22,600 10,500 23,430 75,450 352,160 32,460 130,030 771,460 8,770 12,050 52,940 124,750 539,830 57,130 105,280 216,520 83,470 26,710 32,150 205,280 1,168,990 182,020 100,840 1,144,900 74,430 47,170 27,050 2,040 77,000 14,100 2,590 14,430 310 1,280 350 7,750 189,830 86,240 267,020 575,420 477,010 209,620 27,980 8,430 241,680 825,770 366,880 1,064,920 11,290 3,730 65,100 42,840 104,560 9,050 93,660 136,680 1,113,020 277,330 446,980 65,880 12,390 20 12,420 61,170 634,910 339,760 214,660 52,970 6,040 400 5,360 59,110 95,910 830 105,820 372,820 1,104,120 7,080 356,950 3,410 9,870 3,530 6,550 2,410 2,590 10,870 97,850 74,520 172,300 742,660 15,570 12,160 176,630 279,690 10,450 1,880 20,980 38,000 153,650 12,640 Table 3. Percent distribution of employment in selected nonmanufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1984 Industry Managers All and occupations administrative workers Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers Sales and related workers Clerical and administrative support workers Agricultural, forestry, fishing, and related workers Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling workers Service workers T o ta l........................................ 100.0 6.9 19.2 5.6 26.1 0.8 23.4 18.0 Mining, except oil and gas extraction Oil and gas extraction........................ General building contractors............. Heavy construction contractors........ Special trade contractors .................. Banks and credit agencies................ Security and commodity brokers and investment services...................... Insurance and real estate.................. Hotels and other lodging places ....... Personal services .............................. Business services.............................. Auto repair, services, and garages .... Miscellaneous repair services........... Motion pictures .................................. Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures ................ Health services, except hospitals...... Legal services.................................... Social services................................... Museums and botanical and zoological gardens ....................... Membership organizations, except religious organizations.................. Miscellaneous services...................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5.4 8.5 9.5 5.6 4.9 12.3 6.5 19.7 5.5 7.3 4.2 13.2 .7 2.4 1.5 .3 1.7 3.3 7.4 15.7 10.6 7.4 9.6 68.6 .1 .1 .6 .3 .1 .1 78.8 52.9 71.2 78.6 79.1 .5 1.2 .8 1.2 .6 .4 2.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11.6 8.7 5.5 3.0 6.9 3.3 3.4 10.2 15.7 12.5 2.6 13.0 19.0 1.3 3.9 23.1 26.0 19.2 4.5 10.5 5.3 12.3 8.6 14.0 42.8 41.5 14.4 10.1 28.1 11.0 15.2 11.8 .4 2.7 1.1 .3 .4 .0 .4 .2 1.6 6.7 6.8 26.6 14.1 70.4 67.4 12.2 1.8 8.6 65.1 36.6 26.2 1.7 1.2 28.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5.4 3.4 1.4 7.6 17.3 36.2 43.7 36.2 8.3 .4 .0 1.0 7.7 20.7 53.6 17.4 6.7 .2 .1 .4 7.5 3.1 .1 8.6 47.1 36.0 1.1 28.9 100.0 8.7 25.2 9.0 16.7 6.1 6.6 27.7 100.0 100.0 15.1 6.4 26.6 63.9 2.4 1.0 27.3 24.1 1.6 .2 3.2 3.3 23.7 1.1 5 Mining This industry division comprises establishments engag ed in the extraction of minerals, liquids, and gases such as coal, ores, crude petroleum, and natural gas. Mining also includes the exploration and development of mineral pro perties and other preparations customarily done at the mine site, or as part of the mining activity. In 1984, mining employed approximately 1 million workers or 3.7 percent of all workers in the surveyed in dustries. Mining was classified into two major industry groups: Mining, except oil and gas extraction; and oil and gas extraction. Nearly 62 percent of these workers were employed in oil and gas extraction. Employment in metal mining (sic 10) declined at a relatively higher than average rate. This may have been due to the effects of the recession of 1982 and foreign competition, each of which resulted in a decline in metals prices and profits. There may have also been some industry-specific technological developments serv ing to decrease demand. For example, the demand for lead and copper may have declined due to the elimina tion of lead from paint and gasoline products and the greater use of fiber optics rather than copper in the telecommunications industry. The decline in bituminous coal and lignite mining employment was moderate com pared with the average. This may have been partially ex plained by the substitution of coal for oil and natural gas in many industries. The largest occupational concentrations of bituminous coal and lignite mining workers (Sic 12) are listed below. Together, they constitute about 21 percent of total industry employment, led by grader, dozer, and scraper operators, with over 10,000 workers. Mining, except oil and gas extraction Establishments in this industry group (S IC ’ s 10,11,12, and 14) are primarily engaged in metal mining, an thracite mining, bituminous coal and lignite mining, and mining and quarrying of nonmetallic minerals, ex cept fuels. Of the 370,070 workers in this group of industries in 1984, over half were engaged in mining bituminous coal and lignite. Thirty percent worked in mining and quar rying of nonmetallic minerals, except fuels; 16 percent in mining metals; and the remainder in mining an thracite (tables 4-7). Total employment in mining, except oil and gas ex traction, declined by almost 20 percent between 1981 and 1984. The percentage changes for each 3-digit Sic industry are shown in text table 1. Grader, dozer, and scraper op erators............................ Shuttle car o p erators....................... Underground mine machinery m ech an ics......................................... R o o f bolters . . . .............................. Truckdrivers, heavy or tractor-trailer. . ....................... .. Text table 1. Mining, except oil and gas extraction: Employment by industry, 1981 and 1984 Industry SIC code 1981 1984 Percent change, 1981-84 Iron o re s .......................... Copper ores Lead and zinc o re s .......... Gold and silver o r e s ........ Bauxite and other aluminum o r e s .............. Ferroalloy ores, except vanadium .......... Metal mining services. . . . Miscellaneous metal ores, Anthracite m ining............ Bituminous coal and lignite mining ................ Dimension stone.............. Crushed and broken stone.............................. Sand and gravel .............. Clay and related m inerals........................ Chemical and fertilizer m inerals........................ Miscellaneous nonmetallic minerals .......... 101 102 103 104 22,310 36,530 6,620 9,630 12,300 17,380 3,320 10,680 -44.9 -52.4 -49.8 10.9 105 400 210 -47.5 Employment 106 108 109 111 7,860 6,260 15,770 3,580 4,190 3,920 5,580 2,710 -46.7 -37.4 -64.6 -24.3 121 141 230,080 3,400 198,650 3,450 -13.7 1.5 142 144 39,190 35,580 36,250 34,590 -7.5 -2.8 145 9,590 8,440 -12.0 147 27,480 20,750 -24.5 149 6,540 6,330 -3.2 E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t 10,130 8,700 5.1 4.4 8,610 7,940 4.3 4.0 7,190 3.6 The five occupations with the highest proportion of total employees in the nonmetallic mineral mining in dustry, excluding fuels (sic 14), are listed below. They accounted for about 31 percent of total industry employment. Heavy or tractor-trailer truckdrivers was the occupation with by far the most workers, 12,340. Truckdrivers, heavy or tractor-trailer..................................... Excavating and loading m achine op era to rs............................ Crushing, grinding, m ixing, and blending m achine operators and ten d ers......................................... M aintenance repairers, general u tility ..................................... First-line supervisors, construction trades and extractive w o r k e rs............................ 6 E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t 12,340 11.1 7,340 6.6 6,190 5.6 4,980 4.5 3,550 3.2 Oil and gas extraction T h is in d u s tr y (s ic 13) c o n s is ts of Text table 2. Oil and gas extraction: Employment by industry, 1981 and 1984 e s t a b lis h m e n ts e n g a g e d in th e p r o d u c t io n o f c r u d e p e t r o le u m , n a tu r a l g a s, and c y c le c o n d en sa te, and a ls o in c lu d e s Employment th e Industry SIC code 1981 1984 Percent change, 1981-84 131 132 250,010 6,790 256,130 6,590 2.4 -2.9 138 410,950 335,380 -18.4 r e c o v e r y o f o il fr o m o il s a n d s a n d o il s h a le . In 1 9 8 4 , o il a n d g a s e x tr a c t io n e m p lo y e d 5 9 8 ,1 8 0 Crude petroleum and natural g a s ............... Natural gas liquids Oil and gas field services w o r k e r s o r 6 2 p e r c e n t o f a l l w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d in t h e m in in g in d u s tr y (ta b le 8 ). P r o d u c tio n and r e la te d w o r k e r s m a d e u p th e m a j o r it y w ith 3 1 6 ,4 2 0 o r 53 p e r c e n t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t . T h is m a j o r o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p w a s f o llo w e d b y p r o fe s s io n a l, p a r a p r o fe s s io n a l, a n d t e c h n i c a l w o r k e r s , w i t h 1 1 7 , 5 5 0 o r 1 9 .7 p e r c e n t o f T h e f iv e m o s t p o p u lo u s o c c u p a t io n s in th e o il a n d g a s in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t , a n d c le r ic a l a n d a d m in is t r a tiv e e x tr a c t io n in d u s tr y a r e g iv e n in th e ta b u la t io n b e lo w . w o r k e r s ( 9 3 , 7 2 0 o r 1 5 .7 p e r c e n t ) . T h e s e j o b s t o g e t h e r m a d e u p 2 9 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l in d u s t r y C h a n g e s in t h e oes e m p lo y m e n t. c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s t r u c t u r e r e s u l t e d in s h ifts o f s p e c ific o c c u p a tio n s to d iffe r e n t m a jo r d iv i sio n s b e tw e e n 1981 a n d 1 9 8 4 . F o r e x a m p l e , in The la r g e s t s in g le e n g i n e e r s c a t e g o r i z e d in t h e s a l e s o c c u p a t i o n a l d i v i s i o n , w h e r e a s t h e s e w o r k e r s w e r e i n c l u d e d in t h e m a n a g e r i a l E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t o f in d u stry e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t c h a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t, 1981-84 76,480 30,320 26,290 12.8 5.1 4.4 -1 5 .9 21,450 3.6 28.0 20,960 3.5 -6 .8 a n d p r o f e s s io n a l d iv is io n s , r e s p e c t iv e ly , in 1 9 8 1 . T h e s e R o u sta b o u ts................ Service unit operators Secretaries.................... Derrick operators, oil and gas extraction Rotary drill operators, oil and gas extraction e x a m p le s d o n o t e x h a u s t th e c h a n g e s in m a j o r d iv is io n oes stru c tu r e , b u t th e y a re th e m o s t s ig n ific a n t. E m p l o y m e n t i n t h e o i l a n d g a s e x t r a c t i o n in d u s t r y (s ic 1 3) d e c lin e d by 1 0 .4 p ercen t b e tw e e n w as 1984, th e r e w e r e 4 ,5 2 0 fir s t-lin e s a le s s u p e r v is o r s a n d 9 6 0 sa le s e m p lo y m e n t th a t w e r e d u e t o c h a n g e s in th e o c c u p a tio n r o u s ta b o u ts (1 2 .8 p e r c e n t). 1981 and (1) 16.7 1 9 8 4 . T h is m a y h a v e b e e n g e n e r a lly d u e t o th e c o m b in e d 1 Because o f changes in the survey classification system , data for 1981 and 1984 are not com parable. e f f e c t s o f t h e r e c e s s i o n , a w o r l d w i d e in c r e a s e i n s u p p l y , a n d in c r e a s e d c o n s e r v a t i o n e f f o r t s , r e s u l t i n g in a d e c l i n e in p r i c e s . A s s h o w n i n t e x t t a b l e 2 , t h e e m p l o y m e n t B e t w e e n 1 9 8 1 a n d 1 9 8 4 , d e r r ic k o p e r a t o r e m p l o y m e n t d e c lin e w a s c o n c e n tr a t e d in th e o il a n d g a s f ie ld s e r v ic e s in c r e a s e d b y 2 8 p e r c e n t . D u r i n g t h e s a m e p e r i o d , e m p l o y i n d u s t r y ( s i c 1 3 8 ) . T h i s m a y r e f l e c t a d e c l i n e in i n v e s t m ent m e n t in d r i l l i n g r ig s a n d e x p l o r a t o r y a c t i v i t y . r o u s t a b o u t e m p l o y m e n t d e c li n e d b y a l m o s t 1 6 p e r c e n t . 7 of s e c r e t a r ie s in c r e a s e d by 1 6 .7 p e r c e n t, and Table 4. Mining, except oil and gas extraction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 10, 11, 12, 14) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T ota l........................................................................................ 370,070 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers............................................ Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas well drilling managers..................................................................... General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 19,890 2,630 5.37 .71 n.a. 6 n.a. 26 930 460 .25 .12 9 13 10 7 390 590 .11 .16 18 15 4 5 8,230 4,040 2,620 2.22 1.09 .71 8 7 10 46 25 12 24,040 6,900 6.50 1.86 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,900 2,510 170 220 .78 .68 .05 .06 n.a. 8 22 34 n.a. 21 3 2 1,030 .28 9 12 1,190 140 .32 04 10 21 11 2 1,100 540 5,510 .30 .15 1.49 10 19 n.a. 6 3 n.a. 640 .17 6 5 3,140 410 600 720 740 .85 .11 .16 .19 .20 7 17 14 16 12 19 4 5 5 6 3,260 .88 n.a. n.a. 190 1,110 .05 .30 46 10 1 10 1,120 .30 9 7 840 3,130 620 .23 .85 .17 n.a. n.a. 8 n.a. n.a. 5 2,220 290 280 .60 .08 .08 10 24 n.a. 12 3 n.a. 2,000 .54 n.a. n.a. 1,660 .45 5 6 340 .09 12 2 1,150 .31 n.a. n.a. 440 560 150 230 .12 .15 .04 .06 22 15 30 21 3 5 2 2 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors..................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................ Compliance officers and enforcement inspectors, except construction........................................... All other management support workers................................. Engineers ................................................................................... Metallurgists, and metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers....................................................... Mining engineers, including mine safety ............................................................................. Civil engineers, including traffic.............................................. Mechanical engineers............................................................. All other engineers.................................................................. Surveying and mapping scientists ............................................ Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Civil engineering technicians and technologists......................................................................... Drafters.................................................................................... Surveying and mapping technicians and technologists......................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Physical scientists...................................................................... Chemists, except biochemists................................................ Geologists, geophysicists, and oceanographers ..................................................................... All other physical scientists .................................................... Life scientists.............................................................................. Physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except he a lth ................................................ All other physical and life science technicians and technologists.............................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aides.................................................. Lawyers...................................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 8 Table 4. Mining, except oil and gas extraction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 10, 11, 12, 14) Occupation Legal assistants and technicians, except clerical...................................................................................... Registered nurses..................................................................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians........................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................... Sales and related occupations ................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail...................................... Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................. All other sales and related workers ......................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 60 140 0.02 .04 45 27 1 1 110 .03 n.a. n.a. 530 .14 n.a. n.a. 2,430 .66 n.a. n.a. 1,080 .29 8 13 340 .09 16 3 780 230 .21 .06 9 38 9 2 27,310 7.38 n.a. n.a. 1.310 5.310 100 400 390 210 .35 1.43 .03 .11 .11 .06 10 6 26 14 16 16 12 37 1 6 4 2 550 140 4,620 1,450 450 4,030 .15 .04 1.25 .39 .12 1.09 11 25 5 8 11 5 6 2 38 16 5 32 870 .24 n.a. n.a. 350 330 190 310 .09 .09 .05 .08 14 12 n.a. 11 4 4 n.a. 5 6,690 1.81 n.a. n.a. 870 .24 10 5 2,700 .73 4 27 2,660 .72 6 12 460 .12 13 4 480 .13 n.a. n.a. 4,350 1.18 n.a. n.a. 320 2,340 .09 .63 23 9 2 12 1,520 .41 n.a. n.a. 1,430 .39 7 12 90 170 .02 .05 24 n.a. 1 n.a. 580 520 .16 .14 n.a. 39 n.a. 2 60 .02 n.a. n.a. Clerical and administrative support First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, Stenographers........................................................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping .................................................................... File clerks................................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks..................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or All other material recording, scheduling, and All other clerical and administrative support First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Guards and watch guards......................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... All other service w orkers.......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and See footnotes at end of table. 9 Table 4. Mining, except oil and gas extraction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 10, 11, 12, 14) Occupation Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................. All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related...................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders ............................... Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers ............................................ All other inspectors, testers and related occupations............................................................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics....................................... Underground mine machinery mechanics........................... All other machinery maintenance mechanics..................... Millwrights................................................................................ Machinery maintenance workers............................................ Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Automotive mechanics ........................................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................................................................. Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines.................................................................................. Rail car repairers..................................................................... Riggers..................................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Brattice builders....................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........................................................................... Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................................................................... Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators............................................................................... All other construction trades workers.................................... Earth drillers, except oil and g a s .............................................. Blasters and explosives workers .............................................. Rock splitters, quarry................................................................. Roof bolters............................................................................... Continuous mining machine operators..................................... Mine cutting and channeling machine operators..................... All other mining machine operators ......................................... All other extractive workers, except helpers............................ Precision metal workers............................................................ Machinists ............................................................................... Precision workers, n e c .............................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................................... Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 291,470 78.76 n.a. n.a. 25,740 6.96 n.a. n.a. 6,240 1.69 5 15 12,320 3.33 4 40 2,370 .64 8 8 2,330 .63 13 7 2,480 300 .67 .08 12 17 6 1 1,020 .28 9 6 240 47,130 15,780 10,520 5,260 960 6,780 9,700 920 .06 12.74 4.26 2.84 1.42 .26 1.83 2.62 .25 30 n.a. n.a. 7 7 13 6 5 11 1 n.a. n.a. 8 7 1 21 33 4 2,650 .72 9 14 8,760 480 110 990 237 13 03 .27 6 16 20 14 25 1 1 3 14,420 880 2,090 8,150 3.90 .24 .56 2.20 n.a. 21 10 6 n.a. 5 4 16 190 .05 14 2 490 .13 15 1 270 .07 23 1 1,300 1,050 5,410 4,240 1,200 8,300 7,800 4,020 6,050 8,100 1,200 1,200 190 .35 .28 1.46 1.15 .32 2.24 2.11 1.09 1.63 2.19 .32 .32 .05 10 13 7 7 17 7 8 11 17 12 n.a. 11 20 3 2 21 17 4 6 7 6 5 5 n.a. 6 1 400 .11 n.a. n.a. Employment1 See footnotes at end of table. 10 Table 4. Mining, except oil and gas extraction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 10, 11, 12, 14) Occupation Employment1 Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and pla stic.................................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, or kettle operators and tenders ......................................................... Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure.......................................................................... Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders.................................................................................. Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders ......................................................... Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine operators and tenders........................................................................... Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders .......................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and pla stic...................................................... Other hand workers, n e c .......................................................... Welders and cutters................................................................ Solderers and brazers............................................................ All other hand workers, n e c.................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................ Stationary engineers............................................................... All other plant and system operators.................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, heavy or tractor tra ile r..................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ All other motor vehicle operators .......................................... Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers.................................................................................... Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators........................... All other rail vehicle operatives and controllers................................................................................ Ail other transportation and motor vehicle operators................................................................................. Material moving equipment operators...................................... Excavating and loading machine operators................................................................. Dragline operators................................................................... Dredge operators and dipper tenders................................... Loading machine operators, underground mining.................................................................................... Shuttle car operators.............................................................. Grader, dozer, and scraper operators................................... Hoist and winch operators..................................................... Crane and tower operators.................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators.................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ........................................... Pump operators....................................................................... Operating engineers................................................................ All other material moving equipment operators............................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers .......................................... Construction trades and extractive worker helpers..................................................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand.............................. All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .......................................................................... Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 400 0.11 25 1 17,360 4.69 n.a. n.a. 1,550 .42 9 6 170 .05 13 1 270 .07 12 1 1,300 .35 19 4 4,120 1.11 9 7 8,990 2.43 3 37 240 .06 n.a. n.a. 720 9,430 8,650 60 720 2,650 1,200 1,450 24,460 .19 2.55 2.34 .02 .19 .72 .32 .39 6.61 n.a. n.a. 6 40 28 n.a. 12 10 n.a. n.a. n.a. 24 e> 21,880 5.91 4 49 1,620 960 .44 .26 8 24 9 2 790 530 .21 .14 16 17 3 2 690 .19 19 1 680 64,270 .18 17.37 14 n.a. 2 n.a. 13,960 4,030 1,000 3.77 1.09 .27 6 10 8 45 18 7 4,100 9,210 13,140 1,050 1,020 4,110 4,100 1,250 4,240 1.11 2.49 3.55 .28 .28 1.11 1.11 .34 1.15 11 8 9 9 8 9 7 8 15 8 6 17 4 6 17 15 6 12 3,060 2,920 .83 .79 13 11 6 7 5,400 2,860 1.46 .77 10 12 10 8 23,670 6.40 5 18 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment 1 n.a. 3 3 n.a. are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 11 Table 5. Metal mining: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 10) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 57,680 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas well drilling managers..................................................................... General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 2,730 400 4.73 .69 n.a. 7 n.a. 30 190 80 .33 .14 6 7 16 9 70 120 .12 .21 19 19 5 8 750 650 470 1.30 1.13 .81 10 8 8 44 30 19 7,750 1,430 13.44 2.48 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 690 1.20 n.a. n.a. 220 .38 7 17 240 .42 6 15 140 140 1,710 .24 .24 2.96 10 n.a. n.a. 7 n.a. n.a. 450 .78 5 25 810 50 190 210 250 1.40 .09 .33 .36 .43 4 10 9 9 13 37 5 10 10 14 900 1.56 n.a. n.a. 50 310 .09 .54 17 7 2 24 210 36 7 12 330 1,860 240 .57 3.22 .42 n.a. n.a. 7 n.a. n.a. 14 1,520 100 2.64 .17 5 10 49 8 730 1.27 n.a. n.a. 550 .95 7 17 180 .31 10 9 340 .59 n.a. n.a. 170 170 60 60 .29 .29 .10 .10 12 12 17 22 6 10 3 3 80 .14 n.a. n.a. 330 .57 n.a. n.a. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Compliance officers and enforcement inspectors, except construction........................................... All other management support workers................................. Engineers ................................................................................... Metallurgists, and metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers....................................................... Mining engineers, including mine s a fe ty............................................................................. Civil engineers, including traffic.............................................. Mechanical engineers............................................................. All other engineers.................................................................. Surveying and mapping scientists ............................................ Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Civil engineering technicians and technologists......................................................................... Drafters.................................................................................... Surveying and mapping technicians and technologists......................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Physical scientists...................................................................... Chemists, except biochemists................................................ Geologists, geophysicists, and oceanographers ..................................................................... All other physical scientists .................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except health ................................................ All other physical and life science technicians and technologists.............................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Lawyers...................................................................................... Registered nurses...................................................................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians........................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ See footnotes at end of table. 12 Table 5. Metal mining: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984— Continued (SIC 10) Occupation Sales and related occupations ................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Secretaries................................................................................. Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................................. General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks..................................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers .................................................................................... Service occupations ..................................................................... Guards and watch guards......................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. All other service workers .......................................................... Employment1 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 0.26 n.a. n.a. 90 60 .16 .10 16 n.a. 8 n.a. 4,270 7.40 n.a. n.a. 220 1,110 60 90 80 .38 1.92 .10 .16 .14 9 5 12 11 12 13 59 7 7 5 110 730 190 460 .19 1.27 .33 .80 9 7 7 8 9 36 17 21 200 100 100 60 .35 .17 .17 .10 n.a. 9 n.a. 7 n.a. 7 n.a. 7 820 1.42 n.a. n.a. 190 .33 10 5 480 .83 7 16 150 .26 n.a. n.a. 140 .24 n.a. n.a. 890 480 1.54 .83 n.a. 7 n.a. 18 310 100 .54 .17 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 10 .02 n.a. n.a. 41,880 72.61 n.a. n.a. 4,620 8.01 n.a. n.a. 1,580 2.74 7 19 2,080 3.61 7 34 430 .75 17 8 210 .36 18 7 320 270 .55 .47 14 n.a. 7 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Relative error (in percentage)2 150 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................. All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related..................................................... Inspectors and related occupations ......................................... Percent of total employment 13 Table 5. Metal mining: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984— Continued (SIC 10) Occupation Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics....................................... Underground mine machinery mechanics........................... All other machinery maintenance mechanics..................... Millwrights................................................................................ Machinery maintenance workers............................................ Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Automotive mechanics ........................................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................................................................. Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines.................................................................................. Rail car repairers..................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........................................................................... Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators............................................................................... All other construction trades workers.................................... Earth drillers, except oil and g a s .............................................. Blasters and explosives workers .............................................. Roof bolters............................................................................... Mine cutting and channeling machine operators..................... All other mining machine operators ......................................... All other extractive workers, except helpers............................ Precision metal workers............................................................ Machinists ............................................................................... Precision workers, n e c .............................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, or kettle operators and tenders ......................................................... Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure.......................................................................... Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders ......................................................... Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine operators and tenders.......................................................................... Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders .......................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ..................................................... Hand working occupations, including assemblers Plant and system workers ........................................................ Stationary engineers............................................................... All other plant and system operators.................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, heavy or tractor tra ile r..................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................... Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers.................................................................................... Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators........................... All other rail vehicle operatives and controllers................................................................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators................................................................................. Material moving equipment operators...................................... Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 8,700 3,290 1,070 2,220 330 680 1,400 400 15.08 5.70 1.86 3.85 .57 1.18 2.43 .69 n.a. n.a. 11 8 26 10 11 17 n.a. n.a. 11 11 3 12 25 8 530 .92 12 8 1,620 240 210 2.81 .42 .36 7 11 n.a. 18 3 n.a. 3,030 200 1,930 5.25 .35 3.35 n.a. 8 7 n.a. 9 20 80 .14 16 4 400 .69 17 5 280 140 1,320 1,250 210 1,450 1,050 1,230 510 510 100 .49 .24 2.29 2.17 .36 2.51 1.82 2.13 .88 .88 .17 20 20 8 13 21 21 14 20 n.a. 19 28 3 2 25 16 3 5 5 5 n.a. 10 1 3,590 6.22 n.a. n.a. 480 .83 12 8 80 .14 13 3 70 .12 19 2 870 1.51 10 10 1,900 3.29 6 22 20 .03 n.a. n.a. 170 .29 n.a. n.a. 1,730 540 370 170 2,300 3.00 .94 .64 .29 3.99 n.a. n.a. 20 21 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 3 n.a. 2,130 3.69 9 17 170 29 20 5 90 90 .16 .16 23 28 2 2 130 .23 20 2 280 4,740 .49 8,22 21 n.a. 2 n.a. Employment1 See footnotes at end of table. 14 Table 5. Metal mining: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 10) Occupation Employment’ Excavating and loading machine operators................................................................. Dragline operators................................................................... Loading machine operators, underground mining.................................................................................... Shuttle car operators.............................................................. Grader, dozer, and scraper operators................................... Hoist and winch operators..................................................... Crane and tower operators.................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators.................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ........................................... Pump operators....................................................................... Operating engineers................................................................ All other material moving equipment operators............................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers .......................................... Construction trades and extractive worker helpers..................................................................................... Freight stock and material movers, hand............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .......................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 800 80 1.39 .14 8 36 15 2 870 240 970 320 220 350 200 160 380 1.51 .42 1.68 .55 .38 .61 .35 .28 .66 28 22 8 13 20 8 11 20 14 5 2 13 8 3 7 5 5 6 150 530 .26 .92 24 17 4 7 780 370 1.35 .64 14 18 13 7 2,610 4.52 9 13 360 .62 n.a. n.a. are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment 15 Table 6. Bituminous coal and lignite mining: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 12) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 198,650 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas well drilling managers..................................................................... General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 10,830 1,110 5.45 .56 n.a. 14 n.a. 38 580 270 .29 .14 15 21 32 21 230 370 .12 .19 30 23 11 15 4,700 2,040 1,530 2.37 1.03 .77 14 14 16 61 51 32 11,510 4,010 5.79 2.02 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,360 1,130 230 .68 .57 .12 n.a. 17 n.a. n.a. 36 n.a. 620 .31 14 33 710 60 .36 .03 17 42 29 4 910 350 2,850 .46 .18 1.43 12 28 n.a. 24 9 n.a. 1,980 230 240 400 420 1.00 .12 .12 .20 .21 12 29 33 n.a. 21 51 10 9 n.a. 17 1,800 630 .91 .32 n.a. 18 n.a. 27 760 .38 13 26 410 730 170 .21 .37 .09 n.a. n.a. 25 n.a. n.a. 10 400 160 240 .20 .08 .12 49 44 n.a. 16 8 n.a. 410 .21 n.a. n.a. 290 .15 17 10 120 .06 31 5 610 .31 n.a. n.a. 230 290 90 140 .12 .15 .05 .07 41 29 49 34 10 12 5 8 300 .15 n.a. n.a. 470 .24 n.a. n.a. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors..................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................ Compliance officers and enforcement inspectors, except construction........................................... All other management support workers................................. Engineers ................................................................................... Mining engineers, including mine safety ............................................................................. Civil engineers, including tra ffic.............................................. Mechanical engineers............................................................. All other engineers.................................................................. Surveying and mapping scientists ............................................ Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Drafters.................................................................................... Surveying and mapping technicians and technologists......................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Physical scientists...................................................................... Chemists, except biochemists................................................ Geologists, geophysicists, and oceanographers ..................................................................... All other physical scientists .................................................... Life scientists............................................................................. Physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except he a lth ................................................ All other physical and life science technicians and technologists.............................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing.................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aides.................................................. Lawyers ...................................................................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations .................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 16 Table 6. Bituminous coal and lignite mining: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 12) Occupation First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail...................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers........................................................................... Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks..................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping ...................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd ......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers.................................................................................... Service occupations ..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Guards and watch guards......................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................ All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... All other service w orkers.......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers........................................................ Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 170 0.09 47 4 100 200 .05 .10 43 n.a. 3 n.a. 12,390 6.24 n.a. n.a. 760 2,430 60 240 180 90 .38 1.22 .03 .12 .09 .05 17 13 43 23 35 38 29 51 3 16 8 4 330 90 1,710 800 260 1,600 .17 .05 .86 .40 .13 .81 18 41 12 14 18 13 17 5 41 33 13 33 440 .22 n.a. n.a. 180 130 130 160 .09 .07 .07 .08 27 29 n.a. 21 11 10 n.a. 14 2,920 1.47 n.a. n.a. 380 .19 20 13 580 .29 17 19 1,720 .87 9 37 240 .12 24 8 320 .16 n.a. n.a. 2,280 1.15 n.a. n.a. 160 1,340 .08 .67 43 15 7 24 710 .36 n.a. n.a. 660 .33 15 23 50 70 .03 .04 40 n.a. 2 n.a. 400 .20 n.a. n.a. 160,770 80.93 n.a. n.a. 14,720 7.41 n.a. n.a. 3,670 1.85 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 17 9 42 Table 6. Bituminous coal and lignite mining: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 12) Occupation First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................. All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related..................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders .............................. Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers............................................ All other inspectors, testers and related occupations............................................................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics....................................... Underground mine machinery mechanics........................... All other machinery maintenance mechanics..................... Machinery maintenance workers............................................ Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Automotive mechanics ........................................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................................................................. Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines.................................................................................. Rail car repairers..................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Brattice builders....................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators............................................................................... All other construction trades workers.................................... Earth drillers, except oil and g a s .............................................. Blasters and explosives workers .............................................. Roof bolters............................................................................... Continuous mining machine operators..................................... Mine cutting and channeling machine operators..................... All other mining machine operators ......................................... All other extractive workers, except helpers............................ Precision metal workers............................................................ Machinists ............................................................................... Precision workers, n e c ....................................................... ...... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................................... Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders......................................................... Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine operators and tenders........................................................................... Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders .......................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ...................................................... Other hand workers, n e c .......................................................... Welders and cutters................................................................ All other hand workers, nec.................................................... Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 6,670 336 7 42 1,470 .74 13 23 1,490 .75 20 19 1,420 220 .71 .11 20 23 15 3 390 .20 22 10 210 24,460 10,420 8,610 1,810 4,260 3,250 220 .11 12.31 5.25 4.33 .91 2.14 1.64 .11 34 n.a. n.a. 8 17 10 14 29 5 n.a. n.a. 29 16 35 24 7 1,000 .50 22 14 4,500 230 580 2.27 .12 .29 11 31 n.a. 34 3 n.a. 8,990 420 2,000 4,940 4.53 .21 2.49 n.a. 44 10 9 n.a. 9 22 43 960 670 2,500 2,120 7,940 7,190 1,820 4,200 5,750 450 450 60 .48 34 1.26 1.07 4.00 3.62 .92 2.11 2.89 .23 .23 .03 13 18 14 12 7 18 24 16 n.a. 18 33 12 7 32 33 33 36 14 18 17 n.a. 16 2 210 .11 n.a. n.a. 210 .11 42 1 3,840 1.93 n.a. n.a. 940 .47 27 12 1,800 .91 18 18 860 .43 27 15 30 .02 n.a. n.a. 210 5,410 5,100 310 .11 2.72 2.57 .16 n.a. n.a. 9 n.a. n.a. n.a. 40 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 18 1.01 9 Table 6. Bituminous coal and lignite mining: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 12) Occupation Employment' Plant and system workers ........................................................ Stationary engineers............................................................... All other plant and system operators.................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, heavy or tractor tra ile r..................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ All other motor vehicle operators.......................................... Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers.................................................................................... Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators........................... All other rail vehicle operatives and controllers................................................................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators ................................................................................. Material moving equipment operators...................................... Excavating and loading machine operators................................................................. Dragline operators................................................................... Loading machine operators, underground mining.................................................................................... Shuttle car operators.............................................................. Grader, dozer, and scraper operators................................... Hoist and winch operators...................................................... Crane and tower operators.................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators.................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ........................................... Pump operators....................................................................... Operating engineers................................................................ All other material moving equipment operators............................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers.......................................... Construction trades and extractive worker helpers..................................................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d ........................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,070 480 590 8,180 0.54 .24 .30 4.12 n.a. 24 20 n.a. n.a. 8 8 n.a. 7,190 3.62 10 40 420 570 .21 .29 26 39 12 3 580 300 .29 .15 22 29 7 5 510 .26 25 5 220 38,300 .11 19.28 27 n.a. 4 n.a. 5,760 2,160 2.90 1.09 15 19 33 23 2,520 8,700 10,130 420 300 1,370 2,160 620 1,640 1.27 4.38 5.10 .21 .15 .69 1.09 .31 .83 15 8 11 19 21 26 13 14 38 17 30 48 9 7 14 20 17 8 2,520 1,880 1.27 .95 15 16 21 19 3,090 610 1.56 .31 17 50 11 8 15,260 7.68 7 39 290 .15 n.a. n.a. are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment 19 Table 7. Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic minerals, except fuels: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 14) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 110,860 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas well drilling managers..................................................................... General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 6,170 1,100 5.57 .99 n.a. 4 n.a. 23 130 110 .12 .10 6 5 4 4 100 80 .09 .07 10 10 2 2 2,730 1,310 610 2.46 1.18 .55 3 4 6 42 18 6 4,680 1,420 4.22 1.28 n.a. n.a. 840 750 90 76 68 08 n.a 4 n.a. 15 n.a. 180 .16 4 5 230 .21 5 6 60 110 910 .05 .10 .82 8 n.a. n.a 2 n.a. n.a. 140 .13 9 2 330 120 160 160 60 .30 .11 .14 .14 .05 5 9 11 12 9 7 2 2 2 2 550 160 50 .14 n.a. 8 n.a. 3 150 .14 15 1 240 550 .22 .50 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 300 250 .27 .23 15 n.a. 4 n.a. 860 .78 n.a. n.a. 100 100 .09 .09 n.a. 10 n.a. 2 230 .21 n.a. n.a. 1,800 1.62 n.a. n.a. 820 .74 5 16 210 .19 13 3 680 90 .61 .08 5 12 12 1 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors..................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Compliance officers and enforcement inspectors, except construction........................................... All other management support workers................................. Engineers................................................................................... Metallurgists, and metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers....................................................... Mining engineers, including mine sa fe ty............................................................................. Civil engineers, including traffic.............................................. Mechanical engineers............................................................. All other engineers.................................................................. Surveying and mapping scientists ............................................ Engineering and related technicians Drafters.................................................................................... Surveying and mapping technicians and technologists......................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Physical scientists...................................................................... Geologists, geophysicists, and oceanographers ..................................................................... All other physical scientists .................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................................... Computer scientists and related All other professional, paraprnfassinnal, and technical workers................................ Rales and related occupations .................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales Sales representatives, scientific and related Sales representatives, except scientific and See footnotes at end of table. 20 Table 7. Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic minerals, except fuels: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 14) Occupation Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Secretaries................................................................................. Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ....................................................................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks..................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping ...................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers.................................................................................... Service occupations..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Guards and watch guards......................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand ................................................. All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related..................................................... Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers ............................................ Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 10,470 9.44 n.a. n.a. 300 1,740 110 120 .27 1.57 .10 .11 5 3 7 9 7 30 3 3 110 2,150 440 160 1,950 .10 1.94 .40 .14 1.76 6 2 5 7 3 3 38 12 3 34 230 100 130 90 .21 .09 .12 .08 n.a. 8 n.a. 5 n.a. 2 n.a. 3 2,900 2.62 n.a. n.a. 270 .24 11 3 1,980 1.79 3 33 450 .41 5 6 200 .18 9 3 170 .15 n.a. n.a. 1,090 .98 n.a. n.a. 110 490 .10 .44 23 5 1 8 490 .44 n.a. n.a. 140 140 .13 .13 n.a. 15 n.a. 2 86,510 78.04 n.a. n.a. 6,280 5.66 n.a. n.a. 960 .87 5 8 3,550 3.20 3 42 460 .41 7 5 570 .51 6 5 740 .67 8 4 360 .32 8 4 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 21 Table 7. Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic minerals, except fuels: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 14) Occupation All other inspectors, testers and related occupations............................................................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics....................................... Underground mine machinery mechanics........................... All other machinery maintenance mechanics..................... Millwrights................................................................................ Machinery maintenance workers............................................ Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Automotive mechanics ........................................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine, specialists............................................................................. Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines.................................................................................. Riggers..................................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Brattice builders....................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................................................................... Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators............................................................................... All other construction trades workers.................................... Earth drillers, except oil and g a s .............................................. Blasters and explosives workers .............................................. Rock splitters, quarry........................................... ...................... Roof bolters............................................................................... Continuous mining machine operators..................................... Mine cutting and channeling machine operators..................... All other mining machine operators ......................................... All other extractive workers, except helpers............................ Precision metal workers............................................................ Machinists ............................................................................... Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and p lastic.................................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, or kettle operators and tenders ......................................................... Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure......................................................................... Cutting and slicing machine operators and tenders.................................................................................. Cleaning, washing, and pickling equipment operators and tenders ......................................................... Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine operators and tenders.......................................................................... Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders .......................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ..................................................... Other hand workers, n e c .......................................................... Welders and cutters................................................................ All other hand workers, nec.................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................ Stationary engineers............................................................... All other plant and system operators.................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, heavy or tractor tra ile r..................................................................................... Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 100 13,680 2,060 830 1,230 600 1,760 4,980 290 0.09 12.34 1.86 .75 1.11 .54 1.59 4.49 .26 n.a. n.a. n.a. 9 7 15 4 3 10 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 4 1 20 37 2 1,100 .99 4 15 2,570 70 250 2.32 .06 .23 3 20 n.a. 25 (3) n.a. 2,130 240 60 1,210 1.92 22 05 1 09 n.a. 9 15 4 n.a. 2 1 8 80 .07 10 1 250 .23 15 1 50 240 1,500 810 1,000 140 530 750 770 890 220 220 .05 .22 1.35 .73 .90 .13 .48 .68 .69 .80 .20 .20 32 21 4 4 7 13 11 9 16 10 n.a. 10 (3) 1 17 13 6 1 2 4 2 2 n.a. 2 160 .14 26 1 9,800 3.84 n.a. n.a. 1,040 .94 12 6 80 .07 15 1 260 .23 12 2 250 .23 9 3 1,390 1.25 9 3 6,190 5.58 3 45 190 .17 n.a. n.a. 400 2,130 1,890 240 1,010 340 670 13,510 .36 1.92 1.70 .22 .91 .31 .60 12.19 n.a. n.a. 3 23 n.a. 15 13 n.a. n.a. n.a. 22 1 n.a. 2 2 n.a. 12,340 11.13 2 59 Employment1 See footnotes at end of table. 22 Table 7. Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic minerals, except fuels: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 14) Occupation Employment1 Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................... All other motor vehicle operators .......................................... Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers.................................................................................... Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators........................... All other transportation and motor vehicle operators ................................................................................. Material moving equipment operators...................................... Excavating and loading machine operators................................................................. Dragline operators................................................................... Dredge operators and dipper tenders................................... Loading machine operators, underground mining.................................................................................... Shuttle car operators.............................................................. Grader, dozer, and scraper operators................................... Hoist and winch operators...................................................... Crane and tower operators..................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators.................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ........................................... Pump operators....................................................................... Operating engineers................................................................ All other material moving equipment operators............................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers .......................................... Construction trades and extractive worker helpers..................................................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, h a n d ............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .......................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,020 150 0.92 .14 8 12 9 1 120 140 .11 .13 11 14 2 1 180 20,680 .16 18.65 24 n.a. 1 n.a. 7,340 1,660 960 6.62 1.50 .87 2 4 7 54 20 10 700 280 1,860 290 490 2,350 1,720 450 2,200 .63 .25 1.68 .26 .44 2.12 1.55 .41 1.98 7 12 5 11 7 4 5 10 6 6 1 10 3 7 19 16 3 14 380 460 .34 .41 10 9 3 3 1,520 1,880 1.37 1.70 7 8 10 9 5,630 5.08 5 14 130 .12 n.a. n.a. are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment 23 Table 8. Oil and gas extraction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 13) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Flelative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 598,180 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers............................................ Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas well drilling managers..................................................................... General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 51,010 9,350 8.53 1.56 n.a. 8 n.a. 30 1,360 2,440 .23 .41 10 14 7 12 1,230 2,820 .21 .47 12 10 4 7 12,430 10,610 10,770 2.08 1.77 1.80 7 10 10 35 21 11 117,550 28,560 19.65 4.77 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 16,780 13,820 890 2,070 2.81 2.31 .15 .35 n.a. 7 13 16 n.a. 20 3 3 2,430 .41 18 7 2,050 470 .34 .08 9 23 6 2 510 6,320 29,260 19,970 1,040 1,580 1,180 490 2,060 2,940 1,540 .09 1.06 4.89 3.34 .17 .26 .20 .08 .34 .49 .26 21 13 n.a. 7 12 15 16 21 16 n.a. 22 3 5 n.a. 21 2 2 3 3 4 n.a. 3 12,070 2.02 n.a. n.a. 570 .10 15 1 1,310 .22 17 3 800 4,550 .13 .76 19 8 1 10 1,270 .21 17 2 3,570 21,670 860 .60 3.62 .14 10 n.a. 23 4 n.a. 1 20,350 460 3.40 .08 7 24 17 1 8,330 1.39 n.a. n.a. 830 .14 28 2 6,150 1.03 12 6 1,350 .23 18 2 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors..................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................ Compliance officers and enforcement inspectors, except construction........................................... All other management support workers................................. Engineers................................................................................... Petroleum engineers............................................................... Chemical engineers................................................................. Civil engineers, including traffic.............................................. Electrical and electronic engineers........................................ Safety engineers, except mining............................................ Mechanical engineers............................................................. All other engineers.................................................................. Surveying and mapping scientists ............................................ Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Civil engineering technicians and technologists......................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists.............................................. Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists ................................................................. Drafters.................................................................................... Surveying and mapping technicians and technologists......................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Physical scientists...................................................................... Chemists, except biochemists................................................ Geologists, geophysicists, and oceanographers ..................................................................... All other physical scientists .................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................................... Chemical technicians and technologists, except he a lth ................................................ Petroleum technicians and technologists........................................................................... All other physical and life science technicians and technologists.............................................. See footnotes at end of table. 24 Table 8. Oil and gas extraction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 13) Occupation Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aides................................................. Social scientists, including urban and regional planners................................................................................... Lawyers ...................................................................................... Law clerks.................................................................................. Paralegal personnel................................................................... All other legal assistants and technicians, except clerical......................................................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers ................................................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................... Sales and related occupations ................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales engineers......................................................................... Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail...................................... Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................. All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers........................................................................... Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service...................................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators.................................... Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance............................................................................ Production, planning, and expediting clerks..................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping ...................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 8,330 1.39 n.a. n.a. 5,030 2,640 660 .84 .44 .11 11 10 14 5 5 2 340 1,710 80 280 .06 .29 .01 .05 n.a. 13 35 27 n.a. 4 (3) 1 600 .10 46 1 400 .07 25 2 4,380 .73 n.a. n.a. 14,230 2.38 n.a. n.a. 4,520 960 .76 .16 11 24 14 2 4,030 .67 14 7 3,160 1,560 .53 .26 14 28 6 2 93,720 15.67 n.a. n.a. 5,190 26,290 890 3,870 2,630 1,640 .87 4.39 .15 .65 .44 .27 8 5 15 10 12 14 12 42 2 18 7 5 1,180 1,560 .20 .26 18 11 5 4 640 16,770 2,050 580 16,710 .11 2.80 .34 .10 2.79 18 6 11 21 6 3 36 13 2 34 5,430 .91 n.a. n.a. 80 .01 38 (3) 2,460 200 1,850 840 700 .41 .03 .31 .14 .12 10 21 15 13 12 5 1 5 2 6 5,380 .90 n.a. n.a. 2,040 .34 12 5 1,680 .28 15 3 120 .02 33 1,240 .21 18 5 300 .05 23 1 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 25 ft Table 8. Oil and gas extraction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 13) Occupation All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... Service occupations..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Guards and watch guards......................................................... Food and beverage preparation and service w orkers.................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... All other service w orkers.......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................ Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................. All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related...................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders ............................... All other inspectors, testers and related occupations............................................................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics....................................... Machinery maintenance workers............................................ Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Automotive mechanics ........................................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................................................................. Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines.................................................................................. Precision instrument repairers................................................ Mechanical control and valve installers and repairers................................................................................ All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Pipelayers................................................................................ All other construction trades workers.................................... Blasters and explosives workers .............................................. Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,210 037 13 3 4,620 .77 n.a. n.a. 480 820 .08 .14 24 16 2 3 1,180 .20 29 1 1,680 .28 n.a. n.a. 1,420 .24 14 8 260 460 .04 .08 47 n.a. 1 n.a. 630 490 .11 .08 n.a. 32 n.a. 2 140 .02 n.a. n.a. 316,420 52.90 n.a. aa. 23,920 4.00 n.a. n.a. 1,960 .33 12 6 15,800 2.64 7 32 830 .14 25 3 2,020 .34 18 3 3,310 2,940 .55 .49 13 29 5 2 1,600 21,730 6,300 370 5,800 1,290 .27 3.63 1.05 .06 .97 .22 n.a. n.a. 12 25 13 15 n.a. n.a. 13 1 12 7 3,190 .53 13 8 1,480 900 .25 .15 18 19 4 3 1,100 1,300 .18 .22 21 n.a. 1 n.a. 3,000 510 1,230 600 660 1,520 .50 .09 .21 .10 .11 .25 n.a. 26 16 48 40 48 n.a. 2 4 0 1 2 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 26 Table 8. Oil and gas extraction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 13) Occupation Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 20,960 21,450 30,320 76,480 1,920 10,060 1,930 1,930 3.50 3.59 5.07 12.79 .32 1.68 .32 .32 9 9 8 5 35 14 n.a. 25 19 15 21 41 (3) 5 n.a. 1 510 .09 n.a. n.a. 110 .02 47 (3) 400 .07 41 (*) 5,810 5,470 4,780 690 9,130 2,500 810 .97 .91 .80 .12 1.53 .42 .14 n.a. n.a. 12 n.a. n.a. 18 32 n.a. n.a. 12 n.a. n.a. 3 1 710 2,440 570 2,100 18,080 .12 .41 .10 .35 3.02 35 25 47 30 n.a. 1 2 1 1 n.a. 14,600 2.44 10 20 3,160 320 160 600 .53 .05 .03 .10 18 39 38 16 6 1 (3) 2 420 33,570 9,800 12,180 870 .07 5.61 1.64 2.04 .15 29 n.a. 15 14 35 1 n.a. 12 15 1 2,260 90 1,570 1,150 580 250 1,220 2,440 .38 .02 .26 .19 .10 .04 .20 .41 20 42 23 38 24 35 33 25 1,160 2,620 .19 .44 29 18 1 7 4,970 1,390 .83 .23 20 25 3 4 13,790 2.31 13 7 2,070 .35 n.a. n.a. Employment1 Rotary drill operators, oil and gas extraction........................... Derrick operators, oil and gas extraction................................. Service unit operators............................................................... Roustabouts............................................................................... Mining machine operators ........................................................ All other extractive workers, except helpers............................ Precision metal workers............................................................ Machinists ............................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................................... Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................................. Combination machine tool operators and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Other hand workers, n e c .......................................................... Welders and cutters................................................................ All other hand workers, n e c.................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................ Gas plant operators................................................................ Petroleum pump system operators........................................ Petroleum refinery and control panel operators............................................................................... Gaugers................................................................................... Stationary engineers............................................................... All other plant and system operators.................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, heavy or tractor tra ile r..................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ All other motor vehicle operators .......................................... Pilots, sh ip .................................................................................. Aircraft pilots and flight engineers............................................ All other transportation and motor vehicle operators................................................................................. Material moving equipment operators...................................... Oil pumpers, except well head............................................... Well head pumpers................................................................. Gas compressor operators.................................................... Excavating and loading machine operators................................................................. Dragline operators................................................................... Grader, dozer, and scraper operators................................... Hoist and winch operators...................................................... Crane and tower operators..................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators.................................... Pump operators....................................................................... Operating engineers................................................................ All other material moving equipment operators............................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers .......................................... Construction trades and extractive worker helpers..................................................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, ha n d ........................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. 3 2 1 1 1 4 are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors 4 0 27 Construction This industry division (sic’s 15-17) includes new con struction, additions, alterations, and repair work. Three broad types of activities are covered: Building construc tion by general contractors or operative builders; other construction by general contractors; and special trade contractors. In 1984, the construction industry employed approx imately 4.3 million workers or 17 percent of the workers in the surveyed industries. About 55 percent of these construction workers were engaged in special trades contracting, such as electrical work, masonry, and plumbing (table 9). The largest occupational group in the construction in dustry consisted of 3.3 million production and related workers, accounting for over three-fourths of industry employment. Special trades contracting employed 57 percent of the workers in this major group. Clerical workers, ranking second of the seven major groups, made up 9.5 percent of total employment in the con struction industry. C arpenters......... ........... Carpenters’ helpers . . Construction m a n agers..................... First-line supervisors, construction tr a d e s .. S ecretaries..................... P e rc e n t c h a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t, 1 981-84 319,410 116,700 27.8 10.1 8.1 49.6 65,940 5.7 (1) 64,300 44,580 5.6 3.9 (1) 35.3 1 Because o f changes in the survey design system , data for 1981 and 1984 are not com parable. Carpenters’ helpers increased by almost 50 percent in the general building contractors’ industry between 1981 and 1984. The number of carpenters increased by over 8 percent during the same period. The number of secretaries increased by about 35 percent. Heavy construction contractors Establishments in this industry (sic 16) are primarily engaged in heavy construction such as highways and streets, bridges, sewers, railroads, irrigation projects, flood control projects and marine construction, and miscellaneous types of construction work other than buildings. In 1984, these establishments employed 779,470 workers or 18 percent of the total employed in construc tion. This was a 16.6-percent decline in employment from 1981. As shown in text table 3, the heavy construction in dustry, excluding highways and streets (sic 162), declin ed the most. Although fixed investment recovered in 1983 and 1984 after the recession, the component made up of spending on structures did not increase. This may explain the employment decline in sic 162. As shown in table 11, heavy construction contractors employed 612,350 production and related workers, ac counting for 78.6 percent of total industry employment. General building contractors This industry (sic 15) includes establishments primarily engaged in the construction of residential, farm, industrial, commercial, and other buildings. The industry employed over 1.1 million workers in 1984, or 27 percent of all workers employed in construction. This level of employment was 4.7 percent higher than in 1981. As shown in table 10, the 818,220 production and related workers accounted for 71 percent of total in dustry employment. Clerical and administrative support workers ranked second, with 11 percent. The third largest group was managerial and administrative workers, with 9.5 percent. Sales and service workers made up 1.5 and 1.2 percent of industry employment, respectively. A change in the o e s structure resulted in the inclusion of 4,200 first-line sales supervisors and sales engineers in the sales group in 1984, occupations which were previously included under managers and officers. Also, about 73,000 workers were classified in other first-line supervisory occupations, many of which were included in the managerial group in 1981. The five most populous occupations are shown in the following tabulation. Together, they accounted for over 53 percent of total employment in the industry. E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 Text table 3. Heavy construction contractors: Employment by industry, 1981 and 1984 Industry Highway and street construction.................. Heavy construction, except highway and street ............................ 28 Employment 1981 1984 Percent change, 1981-84 161 267,130 258,140 -3.4 162 667,710 521,290 -21.9 SIC code ment, followed by the managerial and administrative group with approximately 4.9 percent. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations made up 4.2 percent of industry employment. The 1984 data includes about 4,500 first-line sales supervisors and sales engineers in the sales group, oc cupations which were previously included in the managerial and professional groups. In 1984, there were 84,540 first-line production supervisors, whereas there were only 27,670 nonworking production supervisors in 1981. Some of this difference is likely due to changes in the OES classification system. The five most populous jobs in special trades contrac ting are listed in the following tabulation: Clerical and administrative support workers and profes sional, paraprofessional, and technical workers numbered 57,510 (7.4 percent) and 57,070 (7.3 percent), respectively. Sales engineers and first-line supervisors accounted for 1,320 sales workers in 1984. These occupations were included in the professional and managerial categories in 1981. The five largest occupations in this industry are listed below: E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t 49,970 43,790 6.4 5.6 43,730 5.6 33,100 29,970 4.3 3.8 Truckdrivers, heavy or tractor-trailer ......................... Operating engineers ..................... Graders, dozers, and scraper o p e r a to r s ....................................... First-line supervisors, construction t r a d e s ..................... P ip elayers......................................... E lectricia n s.................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steam fitters......... Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance . . . C arpenters.................... Heating, airconditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers .................... Special trades contractors This industry (sic 17) includes establishments engaged in specialized activities such as electrical work, plumbing, and painting. Establishments engaged in miscellaneous specialized activities such as industrial machinery and equipment installation, gas leakage detection, and water well drilling are also included. In 1984, this industry employed almost 2.4 million workers, constituting 55 percent of employment in the construction industry. This was an 8.7-percent increase from 1981. As shown in table 12, 79 percent of the industry’s workers, approximately 1.9 million, were production and related workers. Clerical and administrative support workers accounted for 9.6 percent of industry employ E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t o f in d u stry e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 231,820 9.7 3.7 166,370 7.0 -1 .1 106,840 95,210 4.5 4.0 8.8 7.6 93,610 3.9 n P ercen t ch an ge in e m p lo y m e n t, 1981-84 1 Because o f changes in the survey classification system , data for 1981 and 1984 are not com parable. Employment in painting and paperhanging occupa tions increased by 8.8 percent in the special trades con tracting industry between 1981 and 1984. Employment of carpenters and electricians increased by 7.6 and 3.7 per cent, respectively, while employment of plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters declined by about 1 percent. 29 Table 9. Construction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May May 1984 (SIC 15, 16 and 17) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 6.25 1.31 n.a. 1 n.a. 22 1,490 1,870 .03 .04 6 7 1 1 2,110 3,200 154,600 41,240 9,380 .05 .07 3.58 .95 .22 7 7 1 2 7 1 1 40 13 2 220,930 143,080 5.11 3.31 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 25,330 23,860 570 900 .59 .55 .01 .02 n.a. 2 11 23 n.a. 10 0 13,280 .31 3 6 1,070 95,000 4,820 3,580 37,890 18,660 5,770 1,230 580 8,000 3,650 1,080 1,600 .02 2.20 .11 .08 .88 .43 .13 .03 .01 .19 .08 .02 .04 12 1 13 n.a. n.a. 11 10 22 9 8 n.a. 12 7 (*> 30 1 n.a. n.a. 3 1 (3) 0 2 n.a. <*) 1 29,800 .69 n.a. n.a. 1,710 .04 14 (3) 3,970 .09 14 (3) 510 19,160 .01 .44 18 3 0 2,000 .05 10 (3) 2,450 .06 n.a. n.a. 2,800 .06 n.a. n.a. 1,140 1,660 .03 .04 14 11 540 740 .01 .02 n.a. 17 n.a. 3,400 .08 n.a. n.a. 59,690 1.38 n.a. n.a. 1,990 8,080 .05 .19 10 5 1 2 Employment1 Percent of total employment T ota l........................................................................................ 4,323,300 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ Construction managers ............................................................. General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 270,390 56,500 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors..................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................ Construction and building inspectors..................................... All other management support workers................................. Engineers ................................................................................... Civil engineers, including traffic.............................................. Electrical and electronic engineers........................................ Industrial engineers, except sa fe ty........................................ Safety engineers, except mining............................................ Mechanical engineers............................................................. All other engineers.................................................................. Architects, except landscape and marine................................ Surveying and mapping scientists ............................................ Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Civil engineering technicians and technologists......................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists.............................................. Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists ................................................................. Drafters.................................................................................... Surveying and mapping technicians and technologists......................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health w orkers......................................................................... Interior designers ....................................................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations .................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related w orkers................................................................ Sales engineers.......................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 30 0 5 0 1 0 Table 9. Construction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 15, 16 and 17) Occupation Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail...................................... Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................. All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers............................................................................ Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Procurement clerks.................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks....................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance............................................................................ Production, planning, and expediting clerks..................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping ....................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .......................................................................... Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks..................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers .................................................................................... Service occupations ..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Crossing guards ......................................................................... Guards and watch guards......................................................... All other protective service workers......................................... Food and beverage preparation and service w orkers.................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households................................... All other service w orkers.......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................ Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation ft 1,060 0.02 17 37,700 10,860 .87 .25 3 7 9 1 408,610 9.45 n.a. n.a. 6,580 132,270 540 4,040 13,640 4,520 .15 3.06 .01 .09 .32 .10 4 1 15 5 3 7 730 1,160 860 93,990 22,850 1,080 91,640 .02 .03 .02 2.17 .53 .02 2.12 8 14 19 1 2 7 1 6,140 .14 n.a. n.a. 1,480 .03 10 1 2,040 1,920 700 1,290 .05 .04 .02 .03 11 13 n.a. 12 1 1 n.a. 1 24,020 .56 n.a. n.a. 1,730 .04 14 1 1,780 .04 15 0 440 .01 12 ft 18,640 .43 3 980 .02 19 ft 450 .01 28 ft 3,260 .08 n.a. n.a. 27,450 .63 n.a. n.a. 1,490 750 3,450 620 .03 .02 .08 .01 12 11 12 27 ft ft 940 .02 25 ft 18,920 .44 n.a. n.a. 16,890 .39 4 5 2,030 1,280 .05 .03 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 11,550 10,500 .27 .24 n.a. 7 n.a. 2 1,050 .02 23 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 31 3 40 ft 2 5 2 ft ft ft 35 12 1 27 7 ft ft ft Table 9. Construction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 15, 16 and 17) Occupation Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers.............. ,.................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................. All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related...................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders ............................... All other inspectors, testers and related occupations............................................................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Millwrights................................................................................ Machinery maintenance workers............................................ Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Automotive mechanics ........................................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................................................................. Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines.................................................................................. Telephone and cable TV line installers and repairers................................................................................ Electric home appliance and power tool repairers................................................................................ Electrical powerline installers and repairers.......................... All other electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................................... Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers...................................................... Elevator installers and repairers............................................. Riggers..................................................................................... Installers and repairers, manufactured buildings, mobile homes, and travel trailers ....................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material moving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Ceiling tile installers and acoustical carpenters............................................................................. Drywall installers...................................................................... Tapers...................................................................................... Lathers..................................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Brickmasons............................................................................ Stonemasons........................................................................... Tile setters, hard ..................................................................... Concrete and terrazzo finishers............................................. Reinforcing metal workers ..................................................... Plasterers and stucco m asons............................................... Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........................................................................... Pipelaying fitte rs ...................................................................... Pipelayers................................................................................ Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,324,680 76.90 n.a. n.a. 195,560 4.52 n.a. n.a. 4,140 .10 7 1 179,870 4.16 1 35 1,830 .04 10 1 5,370 .12 7 1 4,350 1,720 .10 .04 7 22 1 (3) 990 263,610 20,070 4,090 38,890 4,810 .02 6.10 .46 .09 .90 .11 n.a. n.a. 5 6 4 4 n.a. n.a. 2 1 8 2 6,170 .14 4 2 20,650 .48 3 6 26,530 .61 8 1 1,230 12,640 .03 .29 20 11 O 1 3,660 .08 15 (3) 96,160 12,070 5,780 2.22 .28 .13 2 8 25 7 0 (3) 780 10,080 .02 .23 26 n.a. 0 n.a. 1,704,470 441,380 39.43 10.21 n.a. 1 n.a. 25 15,720 58,370 22,430 10,580 250,360 88,360 7,760 13,380 87,710 19,640 19,000 .36 1.35 .52 .24 5.79 2.04 .18 .31 2.03 .45 .44 6 3 4 6 1 2 7 6 2 5 5 1 4 3 1 9 8 1 1 10 2 2 122,940 2.84 1 8 202,210 2,420 34,270 4.68 .06 .79 2 14 5 11 (3) 3 See footnotes at end of table. 32 Table 9. Construction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 15, 16 and 17) Occupation Carpet installers...................................................................... Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tile s ........................................................................................ Floor sanding machine operators.......................................... Air hammer operators............................................................. Pile driving operators.............................................................. Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................................................................... Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators............................................................................... Insulation workers ................................................................... Sheet metal duct installers .................................................... Roofers.................................................................................... Glaziers.................................................................................... Structural metal workers ........................................................ Fence erectors ....................................................................... All other construction trades workers.................................... Earth drillers, except oil and g a s .............................................. Blasters and explosives workers .............................................. All other extractive workers, except helpers............................ Precision metal workers............................................................ Sheet- metal workers.............................................................. Boilermakers........................................................................... All other precision metal workers .......................................... Precision woodworkers.............................................................. Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters .................................. Precision workers, n e c .............................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................................... Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................................. Metal fabricators, structural metal products........................................................................ Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Sawing machine operators and tenders ............................... Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders .......................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ..................................................... Precision assemblers, m etal..................................................... Fitters, structural metal, precision............................................. All other precision assemblers, m etal...................................... Other hand workers, n e c .......................................................... Welders and cutters............... ................................................ Carpet cutters, diagrammers, and seamers................................................................................ All other hand workers, n e c................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................ Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, heavy or tractor trailer ..................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ All other motor vehicle operators .......................................... All other transportation and motor vehicle operators ................................................................................. Material moving equipment operators...................................... Excavating and loading machine operators................................................................. Dragline operators................................................................... Dredge operators and dipper tenders................................... Grader, dozer, and scraper operators................................... Hoist and winch operators..................................................... Crane and tower operators.................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators.................................... Pump operators...................................................................... Operating engineers................................................................ Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 11,740 0.27 7 1 5,330 2,370 9,420 3,100 .12 .05 .22 .07 9 12 7 13 1 (3) 2 (3) 28,930 .67 4 3 1,660 42,420 2,460 88,210 20,390 50,280 14,050 27,580 9,250 1,770 1,710 94,660 80,880 11,930 1,850 11,310 11,310 710 .04 .98 .06 2.04 .47 1.16 .32 .64 .21 .04 .04 2.19 1.87 .28 .04 .26 .26 .02 27 4 15 2 4 4 5 5 5 16 23 n.a. 3 8 n.a. n.a. 7 25 11,410 .26 n.a. (3) 2 (3) 5 2 4 1 2 1 (3) (3) n.a. 6 1 n.a. n.a. 1 (3) * n.a. 440 .01 23 10,970 .25 6 1 9,030 480 .21 .01 n.a. 40 n.a. (3) 6,240 .14 8 1 760 .02 35 1,550 5,960 5,410 550 33,220 .29,070 .04 .14 .13 .01 .77 .67 n.a. n.a. 15 29 n.a. 5 n.a. n.a. (3) (3) n.a. 4 810 3,340 1,860 111,080 .02 .08 .04 2.57 21 n.a. n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. n.a. n.a. 72,700 1.68 2 11 36,350 2,030 .84 .05 2 17 11 0 1,170 199,330 .03 4.61 23 n.a. (3) n.a. 36,810 3,220 880 62,340 2,610 8,130 6,460 1,430 75,030 .85 .07 .02 1.44 .06 .19 .15 .03 1.74 3 8 28 2 15 7 9 13 2 6 1 (3) 8 1 2 1 (3) 9 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 33 (3) (3) Table 9. Construction: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984— Continued (SIC 15, 16 and 17) Occupation All other material moving equipment operators................................................................................ Helpers - mechanics and repairers .......................................... Helpers - brick and stone masons, and hard tile setters................................................................... Helpers - carpenters and related.............................................. Helpers - electricians and powerline transmission installers ............................................................ Helpers - painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons................................................................. Helpers - plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... Helpers - roofers........................................................................ Helpers - all other construction tra d e s.................................... Helpers - extractive workers...................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d ........................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations.............................................................................. Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,420 13,620 0.06 .32 10 5 (3) 3 69,130 157,770 1.60 3.65 2 2 7 13 50,410 1.17 4 3 26,210 .61 3 3 53,920 20,420 34,370 2,210 19,480 1.25 .47 .79 .05 .45 3 4 4 11 4 5 2 3 (3) 5 217,920 5.04 2 12 400 .01 n.a. n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate "All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 34 Table 10. General building contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 15) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 9.47 1.72 n.a. 3 n.a. 25 640 680 .06 .06 11 9 2 2 1,290 1,900 65,940 15,000 3,580 .11 .17 5.74 1.30 .31 8 11 2 4 10 3 3 54 17 3 63,260 44,210 5.50 3.85 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 9,030 8,400 240 390 .79 .73 .02 .03 n.a. 4 15 20 n.a. 12 1 1 3,760 .33 6 7 470 26,860 2,400 1,690 6,660 4,790 290 180 150 740 510 930 160 320 .04 2.34 .21 .15 .58 .42 .03 .02 .01 .06 .04 .08 .01 .03 21 3 16 n.a. n.a. 8 36 25 13 31 n.a. 13 25 18 1 29 2 n.a. n.a. 5 ft ft 1 1 n.a. 2 ft ft 8,220 .71 n.a. n.a. 630 6,130 .05 .53 21 6 1 8 530 .05 23 930 .08 n.a. n.a. 1,120 .10 n.a. n.a. 330 610 180 .03 .05 .02 16 14 14 1 1 1 400 590 .03 .05 n.a. 19 n.a. 1 650 .06 n.a. n.a. 17,520 1.52 n.a. n.a. 1,290 2,910 .11 .25 13 11 2 3 Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l................................................................................ 1,149,750 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers............................................ Construction managers ............................................................. General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 108,840 19,810 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors..................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................ Construction and building inspectors..................................... All other management support workers................................ Engineers ................................................................................... Civil engineers, including traffic.............................................. Electrical and electronic engineers........................................ Industrial engineers, except sa fe ty........................................ Safety engineers, except m ining............................................ Mechanical engineers............................................................. All other engineers.................................................................. Architects, except landscape and marine................................ Landscape architects................................................................ Surveying and mapping scientists ............................................ Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Civil engineering technicians and technologists......................................................................... Drafters.................................................................................... Surveying and mapping technicians and technologists ......................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing.................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer a ides.................................................. Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health w orkers......................................................................... Interior designers ....................................................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................... Sales and related occupations .................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales engineers.......................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 35 ft Table 10. General building contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 15) Occupation Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail...................................... Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................. All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers........................................................................... Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Procurement clerks.................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance............................................................................ Production, planning, and expediting clerks..................................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .......................................................................... Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks..................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers.................................................................................... Service occupations ..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Protective service occupations.................................................. Food and beverage preparation and service workers .................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... All other service w orkers................................. ........................ Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................ Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 650 0.06 25 6,040 6,630 .53 .58 9 9 3 3 121,950 10.61 n.a. n.a. 2,860 44,580 400 1,960 4,350 1,720 .25 3.88 .03 .17 38 15 7 2 19 7 6 10 6 44 0 5 6 3 320 530 270 29,300 5,770 440 24,020 .03 .05 .02 2.55 .50 .04 2.09 12 25 16 2 4 12 3 1 1 1 37 12 1 25 1,480 .13 n.a. n.a. 710 770 620 .06 .07 .05 9 n.a. 9 2 n.a. 2 1,980 .17 n.a. n.a. 130 .01 31 (3) 660 .06 20 1 810 .07 15 2 220 .02 24 (3) 160 .01 n.a. n.a. 1,350 .12 n.a. n.a.. 13,580 1.18 n.a. n.a. 940 1,760 .08 .15 16 n.a. 1 n.a. 640 .06 30 (3) 9,480 .82 n.a. n.a. 8,400 .73 8 7 1,080 760 .09 .07 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 6,380 6,120 .55 .53 n.a. 9 n.a. 4 260 .02 39 (3) 818,220 71.17 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 36 (3) n.a. Table 10. General building contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 15) Occupation First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................. All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related..................................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Millwrights................................................................................ Machinery maintenance workers............................................ Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Automotive mechanics ........................................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................................................................. Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines.................................................................................. All other electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................................... Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers..................................................... Riggers..................................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Ceiling tile installers and acoustical carpenters............................................................................. Drywall installers...................................................................... Tapers...................................................................................... Lathers..................................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Brickmasons............................................................................ Stonemasons.......................................................................... Concrete and terrazzo finishers............................................. Reinforcing metal workers ..................................................... Plasterers and stucco masons............................................... Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........................................................................... Pipelaying fitte rs ...................................................................... Pipelayers................................................................................ Carpet installers...................................................................... Air hammer operators............................................................. Pile driving operators.............................................................. Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................................................................... Insulation workers ................................................................... Sheet metal duct installers.................................................... Roofers.................................................................................... Glaziers.................................................................................... Structural metal workers ........................................................ Fence erectors ........................................................................ All other construction trades workers.................................... Earth drillers, except oil and g a s .............................................. All other extractive workers, except helpers............................ Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 69,170 6.02 n.a. n.a. 950 .08 18 1 64,300 5.59 2 38 450 .04 22 1 2,200 .19 12 1 1,270 26,840 5,930 810 12,770 390 .11 2.33 .52 .07 1.11 .03 15 n.a. 11 16 7 15 1 n.a. 2 1 8 1 360 .03 19 1 2,370 .21 9 4 200 .02 35 2,440 180 1,390 .21 .02 .12 23 40 n.a. n.a. 449,260 319,410 39.07 27.78 n.a. 1 n.a. 75 1,160 7,850 1,920 450 8,770 19,210 580 22,530 4,010 710 .10 .68 .17 .04 .76 1.67 .05 1.96 .35 .06 43 10 14 46 10 6 26 6 10 26 (3) 4 2 (3) 5 10 (3) 12 2 (*) 14,480 1.26 6 9 13,740 490 820 240 350 150 1.20 .04 .07 .02 .03 .01 10 35 28 37 24 29 5 (*) (*) 0 (3) (3) 2,040 1,890 500 4,800 210 14,830 690 7,430 390 240 .18 .16 .04 .42 .02 1.29 .06 .65 .03 .02 19 22 32 12 49 8 45 12 42 46 1 (3) (3) 3 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 37 (3) 1 0 C) 5 (3) 2 0 0 Table 10. General building contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 15) Occupation Precision metal workers............................................................ Sheet- metal workers.............................................................. Boilermakers............................................................................ All other precision metal workers .......................................... Precision woodworkers.............................................................. Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters.................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Sawing machine operators and tenders ................................ Woodworking machine operators and tenders, except sawing....................................................................... Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders .......................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ...................................................... Precision assemblers, m etal...................................................... Fitters, structural metal, precision............................................. All other precision assemblers, m etal...................................... Other hand workers, n e c .......................................................... Welders and cutters................................................................ All other hand workers, n e c.................................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, heavy or tractor tra ile r..................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ All other motor vehicle operators .......................................... All other transportation and motor vehicle operators ................................................................................. Material moving equipment operators...................................... Excavating and loading machine operators................................................................. Dragline operators................................................................... Grader, dozer, and scraper operators.................................... Hoist and winch operators...................................................... Crane and tower operators..................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators.................................... Operating engineers................................................................ All other material moving equipment operators............................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers .......................................... Helpers - brick and stone masons, and hard tile setters................................................................... Helpers - carpenters and related.............................................. Helpers - electricians and powerline transmission installers ............................................................ Helpers - painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons................................................................. Helpers - plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters.............................................................................. Helpers - roofers........................................................................ Helpers - all other construction trades .................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, ha n d ........................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 4,490 2,830 1,540 120 7,000 7,000 0.39 .25 .13 .01 .61 .61 n.a. 15 25 n.a. n.a. 9 n.a. 1 (3) n.a. n.a. 4 2,580 190 22 02 n.a. 38 n.a. O 140 .01 38 (3) 210 .02 34 (3) 1,740 .15 n.a. n.a. 300 720 560 160 5,340 5,180 160 15,440 .03 .06 .05 .01 .46 .45 .01 1.34 n.a. n.a. 36 47 n.a. 11 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. (3) (3) n.a. 3 n.a. n.a. 8,080 .70 6 8 6,680 680 .58 .06 6 22 8 (3) 220 17,980 .02 1.56 32 n.a. (3) n.a. 1,320 120 2,330 300 1,250 380 11,890 .11 .01 .20 .03 .11 .03 1.03 15 31 14 21 13 22 6 1 (3) 2 (3) 1 (3) 10 390 2,110 .03 .18 22 16 (3) 2 11,430 116,700 .99 10.15 7 2 6 41 860 .07 33 4,330 .38 10 2 2,720 1,270 8,390 3,570 .24 .11 .73 .31 13 20 10 13 2 1 2 3 66,420 5.78 n.a. n.a. 750 .07 n.a. n.a. (3) are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment: relative standard errors Percent of total employment 38 Table 11. Heavy construction contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 16) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 779,470 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ Construction managers............................................................. General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 43,650 7,170 5.60 .92 n.a. 4 n.a. 28 750 1,070 .10 .14 8 10 5 5 650 990 21,690 8,310 3,020 .08 .13 2.78 1.07 .39 13 10 3 4 16 3 4 52 24 4 57,070 22,980 7.32 2.95 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 5,150 4,340 320 490 .66 .56 .04 .06 n.a. 5 16 40 n.a. 17 1 1 2,400 .31 8 9 550 11,350 1,880 .07 1.46 .24 15 3 25 2 35 2 200 1,450 22,590 .03 .19 2.90 19 19 n.a. 1 2 n.a. 160 12,230 2,540 1,030 370 3,370 2,890 130 920 .02 1.57 .33 .13 .05 .43 .37 .02 .12 35 17 18 26 10 17 n.a. 26 10 ft 14 1 1 3 2 n.a. ft 3 6,980 .90 n.a. n.a. 920 .12 14 2 380 .05 24 ft 340 2,970 .04 .38 23 12 ft 4 1,440 .18 12 3 930 .12 n.a. n.a. 1,700 .22 n.a. n.a. 650 810 240 .08 .10 .03 20 19 15 1 3 1 1,770 .23 n.a. n.a. 2,210 .28 n.a. n.a. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors.................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................ Construction and building inspectors..................................... Compliance officers and enforcement inspectors, except construction........................................... All other management support workers................................ Engineers................................................................................... Mining engineers, including mine s a fe ty............................................................................ Civil engineers, including traffic.............................................. Electrical and electronic engineers........................................ Industrial engineers, except sa fe ty........................................ Safety engineers, except mining............................................ Mechanical engineers............................................................. All other engineers.................................................................. Architects, except landscape and marine................................ Surveying and mapping scientists............................................ Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Civil engineering technicians and technologists......................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists.............................................. Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists ................................................................. Drafters.................................................................................... Surveying and mapping technicians and technologists......................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer a ides.................................................. All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations .................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 39 Table 11. Heavy construction contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 16) Occupation First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales engineers.......................................................................... Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail...................................... Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................. All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers........................................................................... Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Procurement clerks.................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance............................................................................ Production, planning, and expediting clerks..................................................................................... Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping ....................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ......................................................................... Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks..................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... Service occupations..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Crossing guards ......................................................................... Guards and watch guards......................................................... All other protective service workers......................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households................................... All other service w orkers.......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1 3 270 1,050 0.03 .13 21 14 130 .02 26 460 300 .06 .04 12 30 1 1 57,510 7.38 n.a. n.a. 2,420 13,470 140 1,200 2,150 1,200 .31 1.73 .02 .15 .28 .15 7 3 18 7 12 20 12 40 1 8 6 2 380 590 500 10,620 4,740 540 11,700 .05 .08 .06 1.36 .61 .07 1.50 12 17 30 3 4 9 5 2 2 1 39 24 4 31 3,050 .39 n.a. n.a. 200 03 47 1 1,110 1,160 580 420 14 15 .07 .05 18 20 n.a. 8 4 3 n.a. 3 3,810 .49 n.a. n.a. 620 .08 8 4 950 .12 24 2 400 .05 12 2• 1,110 .14 18 4 610 .08 28 1 120 .02 24 1 580 .07 n.a. n.a. 4,570 .59 n.a. n.a. 390 710 1,140 240 .05 .09 .15 .03 21 12 20 33 1 2 2 (3) 1,770 .23 n.a. n.a. 1,580 .20 7 7 190 320 .02 .04 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,110 .27 n.a. n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 40 (3) Table 11. Heavy construction contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 16) Occupation Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers....................................................................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers .................................... ............................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................. All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related..................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders ............................... All other inspectors, testers and related occupations............................................................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Millwrights................................................................................ Machinery maintenance workers............................................ Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Automotive mechanics ........................................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................................................................. Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines.................................................................................. Telephone and cable TV line installers and repairers................................................................................ Electrical powerline installers and repairers.......................... All other electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................................... Riggers................................................,.................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Lathers..................................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Brickmasons............................................................................ Stonemasons.......................................................................... Concrete and terrazzo finishers ............................................. Reinforcing metal workers ..................................................... Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........................................................................... Pipelaying fitte rs ...................................................................... Pipelayers................................................................................ Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners .............................................................. Air hammer operators............................................................. Pile driving operators.............................................................. Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................................................................... Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators............................................................................... Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,600 0.21 17 510 .07 35 (3) 612,350 78.56 n.a. n.a. 41,860 5.37 n.a. n.a. 2,310 .30 8 8 33,100 4.25 2 49 1,250 .16 11 4 2,850 .37 8 4 2,350 690 .30 .09 10 27 3 1 630 59,860 4,100 2,850 7,010 2,460 .08 7.68 .53 .37 .90 .32 n.a. n.a. 14 7 8 7 n.a. n.a. 2 8 13 8 3,830 .49 6 11 14,470 1.86 3 31 13,830 5,880 1.77 .75 12 18 4 1 550 3,880 1,000 .07 .50 .13 30 36 n.a. 1 1 n.a. 149,520 26,750 140 9,780 1,720 390 12,010 3,380 19.18 3.43 .02 1.25 .22 .05 1.54 .43 n.a. 4 36 13 13 25 5 13 n.a. 21 0 4 3 1 15 4 1,610 .21 14 2 22,100 1,450 29,970 2.84 .19 3.84 11 19 5 6 1 19 100 5,640 2,290 .01 .72 .29 49 11 16 (3) 8 3 14,740 1.89 5 12 1,620 .21 28 1 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 41 3 Table 11. Heavy construction contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 16) Occupation Insulation w orkers................................................................... Sheet metal duct installers..................................................... Structural metal workers ........................................................ Fence erectors ........................................................................ All other construction trades workers.................................... Earth drillers, except oil and g a s .............................................. Blasters and explosives workers .............................................. All other extractive workers, except helpers............................ Precision metal workers............................................................ Machinists ................................................................................ Boilermakers............................................................................ All other precision metal workers .......................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic........................................................ Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders .......................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ...................................................... Precision assemblers, m etal...................................................... Fitters, structural metal, precision............................................. Other hand workers, n e c .......................................................... Welders and cutters................................................................ Solderers and brazers ............................................................ All other hand workers, n e c.................................................... Plant and system workers ......................................................... Stationary engineers............................................................... All other plant and system operators.................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, heavy or tractor tra ile r..................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ All other motor vehicle operators .......................................... All other transportation and motor vehicle operators................................................................................. Material moving equipment operators...................................... Excavating and loading machine operators................................................................. Dragline operators................................................................... Dredge operators and dipper tenders................................... Grader, dozer, and scraper operators................................... Hoist and winch operators...................................................... Crane and tower operators..................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators.................................... Pump operators....................................................................... Operating engineers................................................................ All other material moving equipment operators............................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers .......................................... Helpers - brick and stone masons. and hard tile setters................................................................... Helpers - carpenters and related.............................................. Helpers - electricians and powerline transmission installers ............................................................ Helpers - plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... Helpers - all other construction trades .................................... Helpers - extractive workers...................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, ha n d ........................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations.............................................................................. Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,450 360 5,780 1,130 7,110 2,250 1,250 1,120 5,840 600 4,750 490 0.19 .05 .74 .14 .91 .29 .16 .14 .75 .08 .61 .06 24 42 14 18 13 15 22 32 n.a. 24 15 n.a. 1 (3) 3 1 3 3 2 0 n.a. 1 2 n.a. 4,860 .62 n.a. n.a. 3,520 .45 12 6 700 .09 n.a. n.a. 640 2,170 2,170 14,220 12,780 90 1,350 1,540 160 1,380 57 700 08 28 .28 1.82 1.64 .01 .17 .20 .02 .18 7.40 n.a. n.a. 34 n.a. 9 46 n.a. n.a. 41 12 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 15 (3) n.a. n.a. ft 3 n.a. 49,970 6.41 2 52 6,540 1,190 .84 .15 6 25 13 1 810 123,050 .10 15.79 31 n.a. 1 n.a. 22,520 2,620 760 43,730 1,670 4,280 1,860 340 43,790 2.89 .34 .10 5.61 .21 .55 .24 .04 5.62 4 10 31 3 22 12 27 27 3 28 7 1 40 2 8 2 1 32 1,480 6,260 .19 .80 13 7 2 15 960 10,940 .12 1.40 25 8 1 10 3,240 .42 19 1 7,220 14,950 700 2,670 .93 1.92 .09 .34 10 7 25 15 5 8 97,780 12.54 n.a. n.a. 260 .03 n.a. n.a. ft 3 are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment 42 Table 12. Special trade contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 17) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 2,394,100 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... All other administrative managers............................................ Construction managers ............................................................. General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 117,890 29,530 700 66,960 17,930 2,770 4.92 1.23 .03 2.80 .75 .12 n.a. 2 n.a. 1 3 n.a. n.a. 20 n.a. 34 10 n.a. 100,580 75,880 4.20 3.17 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 11,150 .47 n.a. n.a. 7,120 56,780 830 8,640 2,940 3,890 1,810 360 .30 2.37 .03 .36 .12 .16 .08 .02 3 1 n.a. n.a. 10 6 n.a. 14 5 29 n.a. n.a. 1 2 n.a. 0 14,600 .61 n.a. n.a. 3,540 10,060 .15 .42 15 3 1 5 1,000 .04 n.a. n.a. 1,100 .05 n.a. n.a. 39,960 1.67 n.a. n.a. 430 4,120 .02 .17 14 6 (*> 2 280 .01 28 0 31,200 3,930 1.30 .16 3 10 12 1 229,160 9.57 n.a. n.a. 1,310 74,220 880 7,130 1,600 54,070 12,340 55,920 .05 3.10 .04 .30 .07 2.26 .52 2.34 9 1 14 3 7 1 2 1 1 39 1 5 1 33 11 27 1,620 .07 n.a. n.a. 18,230 .76 n.a. n.a. 16,720 .70 2 9 1,510 .06 n.a. n.a. 1,840 .08 n.a. n.a. 9,300 .39 n.a. n.a. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Cost estimators........................................................................ All other management support workers................................ Engineers ................................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers........................................ Mechanical engineers............................................................. All other engineers.................................................................. Surveying and mapping scientists............................................ Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists.............................................. Drafters.................................................................................... All other engineering an<j related technicians and technologists.............................................. All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations .................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales engineers.......................................................................... Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail...................................... Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................. All other sales and related w orkers......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Secretaries................................................................................. Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... Service occupations ..................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 43 Table 12. Special trade contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued ( S ia i7 ) Occupation Guards and watch guards......................................................... All other protective service workers......................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... All other service workers .......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................ Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand .................................................. All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related..................................................... Inspectors and related occupations ......................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Millwrights................................................................................ Machinery maintenance workers............................................ Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Automotive mechanics ........................................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................................................................. Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines.................................................................................. Telephone and cable TV line installers and repairers................................................................................ Electric home appliance and power tool repairers................................................................................ Electrical powerline installers and repairers.......................... All other electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................................... Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers..................................................... Elevator installers and repairers............................................. Riggers..................................................................................... Installers and repairers, manufactured buildings, mobile homes, and travel trailers ....................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material moving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Ceiling tile installers and acoustical carpenters............................................................................. Drywall installers...................................................................... Tapers...................................................................................... Lathers..................................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Brickmasons............................................................................ Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 570 400 0.02 .02 31 n.a. (3) n.a. 7,680 .32 n.a. n.a. 6,920 .29 5 5 760 650 .03 .03 27 n.a. (3) n.a. 3,050 2,780 .13 .12 n.a. 10 n.a. 1 270 .01 43 (3) 1,894,160 79.12 n.a. n.a. 84,540 3.53 n.a. n.a. 890 .04 14 (3) 82,480 3.45 1 32 320 .01 23 (3) 850 1,200 176,900 10,040 420 19,110 1,960 .04 .05 7.39 .42 02 80 08 n.a. n.a. n.a. 6 30 4 5 n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 (3) 7 2 1,980 .08 6 1 3,810 .16 6 2 12,620 .53 11 1 1,180 6,650 .05 .28 20 15 (3) 0 2,910 .12 18 (3) 93,610 12,060 1,720 3.91 .50 .07 2 8 13 9 1 (3) 560 8,270 .02 .35 25 n.a. (3) n.a. 1,105,570 95,210 46.18 3.98 n.a. 2 n.a. 11 14,560 50,510 20,500 10,000 231,820 67,430 .61 2.11 .86 .42 9.68 2.82 6 3 4 6 1 2 4 3 1 12 8 2 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 44 Table 12. Special trade contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 17) Occupation Stonemasons.......................................................................... Tile setters, hard ..................................................................... Concrete and terrazzo finishers............................................. Reinforcing metal workers ..................................................... Plasterers and stucco masons............................................... Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........................................................................... Pipelaying fitte rs ...................................................................... Pipelayers................................................................................ Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners .............................................................. Carpet installers....................................................................... Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tile s ........................................................................................ Floor sanding machine operators.......................................... Air hammer operators............................................................. Pile driving operators.............................................................. Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................................................................... Insulation workers................................................................... Sheet metal duct installers .................................................... Roofers.................................................................................... Glaziers.................................................................................... Structural metal workers ........................................................ Fence erectors ........................................................................ All other construction trades workers.................................... Earth drillers, except oil and g a s .............................................. Blasters and explosives workers .............................................. All other extractive workers, except helpers............................ Precision metal workers............................................................ Sheet- metal workers.............................................................. Boilermakers........................................................................... All other precision metal w orkers.......................................... Precision woodworkers.............................................................. Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters .................................. Precision workers, n e c .............................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................................... Machine tool cutting operators and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Crushing, grinding, mixing, and blending machine operators and tenders.......................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ..................................................... Precision assemblers, m etal..................................................... Fitters, structural metal, precision............................................. All other precision assemblers, m etal...................................... Other hand workers, n e c .......................................................... Welders and cutters................................................................ Carpet cutters, diagrammers, and seamers................................................................................ All other hand workers, nec................................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, heavy or tractor tra ile r..................................................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ Material moving equipment operators...................................... Excavating and loading machine operators................................................................. Dragline operators................................................................... Grader, dozer, and scraper operators................................... Hoist and winch operators..................................................... Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 6,790 13,230 53,170 12,260 18,230 0.28 .55 2.22 .51 .76 8 6 2 6 5 1 2 8 2 2 106,840 4.46 1 9 166,370 480 3,470 6.95 .02 .14 2 23 7 13 (3) 1 260 11,500 .01 .48 46 7 0 5,210 2,330 3,430 650 .22 .10 .14 .03 9 13 7 26 0 1 (3) 12,160 39,080 1,590 83,380 20,170 29,660 12,230 13,050 6,620 490 350 84,330 77,580 5,640 1,110 4,280 4,280 600 .51 1.63 .07 3.48 .84 1.24 .51 .55 .28 .02 .01 3.52 3.24 .24 .05 .18 .18 .03 4 4 19 2 4 4 5 6 5 18 31 n.a. 3 11 n.a. n.a. 11 29 2 3 (3) 7 2 '3 1 2 2 (3) (3) n.a. 8 1 n.a. n.a. (3) (3) 240 .01 n.a. n.a. 240 .01 30 (3) 12,760 .53 n.a. n.a. 2,510 .10 11 1 9,290 .39 n.a. n.a. 960 3,020 2,690 330 13,730 11,120 .04 .13 .11 .01 .57 .46 n.a. n.a. 10 41 n.a. 5 n.a. n.a. 800 1,810 37,790 .03 .08 1.58 21 n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. n.a. 14,660 .61 4 4 23,130 58,120 .97 2.43 2 n.a. 12 n.a. 12,980 490 16,280 640 .54 .02 .68 .03 4 16 4 15 4 f) 5 (3) See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 45 1 1 0 (3) n.a. 3 Table 12. Special trade contractors: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 17) Occupation Employment1 Crane and tower operators..................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators.................................... Pump operators....................................................................... Operating engineers................................................................ All other material moving equipment operators............................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers .......................................... Helpers - brick and stone masons, and hard tile setters................................................................... Helpers - carpenters and related.............................................. Helpers - electricians and powerline transmission installers ............................................................ Helpers - painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons................................................................. Helpers - plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................... Helpers - roofers........................................................................ Helpers - all other construction tra d e s .................................... Helpers - extractive workers...................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d ........................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations.............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation .81 8 7 16 3 1 1 (3) 5 550 5,250 .02 .22 20 7 (3) 2 56,730 30,120 2.37 1.26 2 3 8 5 46,310 1.93 4 4 21,650 .90 4 4 43,990 19,020 11,040 1,360 13,240 1.84 .79 .46 .06 .55 3 4 6 12 4 7 3 2 (3) 5 54,220 2.26 3 7 690 .03 2,600 4,230 1,000 19,350 0.11 .18 .04 n.a. n.a. are estimated al the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment 46 Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate Text table 4. Banks and credit agencies: Employment by industry, 1981 and 1984 In 1 9 8 4 , fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d re a l e s ta te e m p lo y e d o v e r 5 . 6 m i l l i o n w o r k e r s o r 2 2 p e r c e n t o f a ll w o r k e r s in th e in d u s tr ie s s u r v e y e d . T h e b a n k in g a n d in s u r a n c e in SIC code Industry d u s tr ie s , w ith 2 .9 m illio n w o r k e r s , a c c o u n te d fo r m o r e Employment Percent change, 1981-84 1981 1984 601 24,480 23,650 -3.4 602 603 1,474,160 74,350 1,511,610 76,930 2.5 3.5 604 2,490 3,780 51.8 605 42,280 51,550 21.9 611 612 3,090 264,980 4,550 322,710 47.2 21.8 613 17,330 18,670 7.7 614 205,620 202,300 -1.6 615 32,850 40,660 23.8 616 61,860 100,770 62.9 t h a n h a lf th e t o t a l in th is in d u s tr y d iv is io n . T h e r e a l Federal Reserve banks. Commercial and stock savings banks Mutual savings banks . . . . Nondeposit trust companies Establishments perform ing functions closely related to banking Rediscount and financing institutions .................... Savings and loans Agricultural credit institutions .................... Personal credit institutions .................... Business credit institutions .................... Mortgage bankers and brokers .......................... e s t a t e i n d u s t r y e m p l o y e d o v e r 1 m i l l i o n o r 1 8 .7 p e r c e n t ; th e r e m a in in g 3 0 p e r c e n t w e r e d is tr ib u t e d a m o n g th e o th e r f iv e in d u s tr ie s in t h e g r o u p . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t fo r th e s e in d u s tr ie s is s h o w n in t a b l e s 13 t h r o u g h 2 0 . Banks and credit agencies T h is in d u s tr y group ( s i c ’s 60 and 61) in c lu d e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e n g a g e d in a c c e p t i n g d e p o s i t s o r i s s u i n g s h a r e s a n d e x te n d in g c r e d it in t h e f o r m o th e r w o rd s, th e y serve as o f lo a n s . In in t e r m e d ia r ie s b etw e e n p r im a r y le n d e r s a n d b o r r o w e r s . In 1984, m illio n th e se w o rk ers, e s t a b lis h m e n ts a c c o u n tin g th e 9 in d u s tr ie s percent over of su rv ey ed . 2 .3 to ta l e m p lo y m e n t in e m p lo y e d p e r c e n t o f t h e w o r k e r s i n t h i s in d u s t r y t io n a c c o u n ts a n d in te r e s t-b e a r in g c h e c k in g a c c o u n ts o n A s s h o w n in t a b l e 1 3 , b a n k i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s e m p l o y e d t i o n o f t h e r is e i n e m p l o y m e n t i n t h e m o r t g a g e b a n k i n g 71 a ll fo r e m p lo y e d B anks group. a c o m p e t it iv e b a s is w ith c o m m e r c ia l b a n k s . A l s o , a p o r n e a r l y 1 .2 m i l l i o n c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s i n 1 9 8 4 , o r 7 0 p e r c e n t a n d b r o k e r in g in d u s tr y m a y h a v e b e e n d u e t o th e d e c lin e o f t h e w o r k e r s in t h i s i n d u s t r y . T h e r e m a i n i n g e m p l o y in in te r e s t r a te s a n d th e in c r e a s e d d e m a n d fo r h o u s in g m e n t in b a n k i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s w a s d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o l l o w s : d u r in g 1 9 8 3 a n d 1 9 8 4 . P r o f e s s io n a l, p a r a p r o fe s s io n a l, a n d te c h n ic a l w o r k e r s , T h e f i v e la r g e s t o c c u p a t i o n s in t h e b a n k i n g in d u s t r y 13 p e r c e n t ; m a n a g e r i a l a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e w o r k e r s , 12 a r e l i s t e d i n t h e t a b u l a t i o n b e l o w . T h e y m a d e u p n e a r ly p e r c e n t; s e r v ic e a n d s a le s w o r k e r s , 2 p e r c e n t e a c h ; a n d 4 3 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t in t h e i n d u s t r y . p r o d u c t i o n a n d a g r ic u l t u r a l w o r k e r s , le s s t h a n 1 p e r c e n t . The 1 9 8 4 d a ta in c lu d e s 4 ,2 3 0 fir s t-lin e s a le s s u p e r E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t c h a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t, 1981-84 374,350 109,830 88,800 22.4 6.6 5.3 2.6 -8 .5 14.2 73,200 4.4 n 67,760 4.1 12.3 v i s o r s a n d 5 , 9 0 0 c a s h i e r s in t h e s a l e s g r o u p . T h e s e w e r e c l a s s i f i e d in t h e m a n a g e r i a l a n d c l e r i c a l g r o u p s i n 1 9 8 1 . T h e b a n k in g in d u s tr y a ls o e m p lo y e d 2 ,8 4 0 r e a l e s t a te T e lle r s ........................... General office clerks . Secretaries..................... First-line supervisors, c le r ic a l......................... Bookkeeping, account ing, and auditing c le r k s ........................... a p p r a is e r s , w h o w e r e r e c la s s if ie d fr o m th e p r o f e s s io n a l to th e s a le s c a te g o r y c o u n s e lo r s , n u m b e r in g p r o f e s s io n a l g r o u p in in 1984. 5 9 ,2 2 0 , Loan o ff ic e r s w e r e c la s s if ie d in and th e 1 9 8 4 , b u t w e r e in c lu d e d in th e m a n a g e r i a l c a t e g o r y in 1 9 8 1 . E m p lo y m e n t c h a n g e s b e tw e e n 1981 a n d 1 9 8 4 fo r e a c h 3 -d ig it in d u s tr y m a k in g u p b a n k s a n d c r e d it a g e n c ie s 1 Because o f the changes in the survey classification system, data for 1981 and 1984 are not comparable. ( s i c ’s 6 0 1 - 6 1 6 ) a r e l i s t e d i n t e x t t a b l e 4 . T h e r e la tiv e ly h ig h e m p lo y m e n t g r o w th r a te s fo r s a v n o n d e p o s it tr u st c o m p a n ie s m a y T h e n u m b e r o f s e c r e t a r ie s e m p l o y e d b y t h e b a n k i n g i n h a v e b e e n d u e t o fin a n c ia l d e r e g u la t io n , w h ic h a llo w e d d u s t r y in c r e a s e d b y 1 4 .2 p e r c e n t b e t w e e n 1 9 8 1 a n d 1 9 8 4 . m a n y o f th e s e e s ta b lis h m e n ts to o f f e r c o n s u m e r tr a n s a c - B o o k k e e p i n g , a c c o u n t i n g , a n d a u d i t i n g c le r k s in c r e a s e d in g s a n d lo a n s a n d 47 b y 1 2 .3 p e r c e n t a n d t e l le r s , b y 2 . 6 p e r c e n t . E m p l o y m e n t in h o ld in g a n d o t h e r in v e s t m e n t o f f i c e s . O th e r o c c u p a o f g e n e r a l o f f i c e c le r k s d e c l i n e d b y 8 .5 p e r c e n t d u r in g t h i s t i o n a l g r o u p s w i t h la r g e n u m b e r s o f w o r k e r s in t h e s e i n d u s tr ie s w e r e p e r io d . s a le s w o r k e r s (3 4 p e r c e n t) a n d p r o fe s s io n a l, p a r a p r o fe s s io n a l, a n d te c h n ic a l w o r k e r s (1 2 p e r C le r ic a l w o r k e r s w e r e a l s o p r e d o m i n a n t in c r e d it a g e n c ie s o t h e r t h a n b a n k s , a c c o u n t i n g f o r t w o - t h i r d s o f t o t a l c e n t ) in s e c u r i t y a n d c o m m o d i t y b r o k e r s a n d s e r v i c e s ; e m p l o y m e n t in t h i s in d u s t r y ( t a b l e 1 4 ). T h e r e m a i n in g and e m p lo y m e n t w a s d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : M a n a g e r ia l a n d w orkers a d m in is tr a tiv e p r o fe s s io n a l, (2 4 p a r a p r o fe s s io n a l, p e r c e n t), and and m a n a g e r ia l te c h n ic a l and ad p er c e n t; p r o fe s s io n a l, m i n i s t r a t i v e w o r k e r s ( 1 9 p e r c e n t ) in h o l d i n g a n d o t h e r p a r a p r o fe s s io n a l, a n d te c h n ic a l w o r k e r s, 1 3 .2 p e r c e n t ; in v e s tm e n t o f f ic e s . w o rk ers, 1 3 .5 s a le s w o r k e r s , 6 p e r c e n t; a n d se r v ic e w o r k e r s , 1 p e r c e n t. S e c u r ity a n d c o m m o d it y b r o k e r s ( s i c 6 2 ) e m p lo y e d In 1 9 8 4 , th e s a le s g r o u p in c lu d e d 4 ,4 3 0 r e a l e s ta te a p 3 ,3 1 0 c a s h ie r s in 1 9 8 4 . C a s h ie r s , c la s s if ie d a s a s a le s o c p r a is e r s , 4 ,8 0 0 fir s t-lin e s a le s s u p e r v iso r s, and c u p a tio n 6 ,9 2 0 in 1984, c le r ic a l g r o u p . c a s h ie r s . T h e s e o c c u p a t io n s w e r e r e c la s s ifie d fr o m p r o w ere F ir s t -lin e p r e v io u s ly su p e r v is o r s c la s s if ie d ( 7 ,1 3 0 in in th e 1984) f e s s i o n a l , m a n a g e r i a l , a n d c le r ic a l c a t e g o r i e s , r e s p e c t i v e w e r e r e c la s s ifie d t o th e s a le s fr o m th e m a n a g e r ia l g r o u p . l y , u s e d in 1 9 8 1 . L o a n o f f i c e r s a n d c o u n s e l o r s , n u m b e r F o r h o ld in g a n d o th e r in v e s tm e n t c o m p a n ie s ( s i c 6 7 ), in g 2 5 , 0 0 0 in 1 9 8 4 , w e r e r e c l a s s i f i e d f r o m t h e m a n a g e r i a l 1 9 8 4 d a ta in c lu d e d 3 ,6 4 0 fir s t- lin e s a le s s u p e r v is o r s a n d c a te g o r y to th e p r o fe s s io n a l g r o u p . 8 6 0 c a s h i e r s i n t h e s a l e s c a t e g o r y p r e v i o u s l y c l a s s i f i e d in The ta b u la tio n o c c u p a tio n s in b e lo w c r e d it li s t s th e g e t h e r , t h e y c o n s t i t u t e d 4 4 .7 fiv e m ost th e m a n a g e r ia l a n d c le r ic a l g r o u p s , r e s p e c t iv e ly . p o p u lo u s T o T h e f i v e m o s t p o p u l o u s o c c u p a t i o n s in s e c u r i t y a n d p e r c e n t o f t o t a l in d u s t r y c o m m o d it y b r o k e r s a n d s e r v ic e s , w h ic h a c c o u n t e d fo r a g e n c ie s , e x c lu d in g b an k s. 5 7 .5 p e r c e n t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t , a r e lis te d b e lo w : e m p lo y m e n t. E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t o f in d u stry e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t ch an ge in e m p lo y m e n t, 1981-84 129,210 67,550 46,140 35,960 18.7 9.8 6.7 5.2 31.3 Tellers ............................ Loan and credit clerks. Financial m an agers. . . General office clerks .. Bookkeeping, account ing, and auditing c le r k s ........................... 14.9 4.3 29,420 Sales agents— securities, com m odities, and finan cial services................ Brokerage c le rk s......... Secretaries..................... General office clerks . General m anagers and top e x e c u tiv e s............ (1) n 1.0 1 Because o f changes in the survey classification system, data for 1981 and 1984 are not comparable. by over 31 p ercen t b e tw e e n 1981 and P ercen t c h a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t, 1981-84 95,010 44,050 31,920 13,940 28.0 13.0 9.4 4.1 O 196.0 21.2 1.9 10,150 3.0 (1) 1 B e ca u se o f c h a n g es in th e su rvey c la s sific a tio n sy ste m , d a ta for 1981 an d 1984 are n o t co m p a r a b le . T h e n u m b e r o f te lle r s e m p lo y e d b y c r e d it a g e n c ie s in crea sed E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 1984. T h is in d u s tr y e m p lo y e d o v e r 4 4 ,0 0 0 b r o k e r a g e c le r k s B o o k k e e p i n g , a c c o u n t i n g , a n d a u d i t i n g c l e r k s in c r e a s e d b y a b o u t 15 p e r c e n t , w h i l e t h e n u m b e r o f g e n e r a l o f f i c e in 1 9 8 4 , a 1 9 6 -p e r c e n t in c r e a s e f r o m 1981. T here w as c le r k s r e m a in e d a b o u t th e s a m e . a ls o e m p lo y m e n t in th e u n d e r w r itin g , p u rch ase, s a le , in c r e a s e in th e of o f f i c e c le r k s in c r e a s e d b y a b o u t 2 p e r c e n t. T h e f iv e la r g e s t o c c u p a t io n s in h o ld in g a n d o th e r in E s t a b l i s h m e n t s in t h i s i n d u s t r y g r o u p (SIC’s 6 2 a n d en gage 2 1 -p e r c e n t s e c r e ta r ie s d u r in g t h e p e r io d . E m p lo y m e n t o f g e n e r a l Security and commodity brokers and investment services 67) a v e s t m e n t o f f i c e s , w h ic h m a d e u p 3 9 p e r c e n t o f in d u s tr y or e m p lo y m e n t , a r e s h o w n b e lo w : b r o k e r a g e o f s e c u r itie s a n d c o m m o d it ie s ; e x c h a n g e o f E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t c h a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t, 1 981-84 16,970 10,960 12.1 7.8 20.6 9,440 6.7 52.3 9,300 7,850 6.6 5.6 14.4 11.0 s e c u r itie s a n d c o m m o d it ie s ; a n d in v e s t m e n t tr u s ts , in c lu d in g in v e s tm e n t, h o ld in g , a n d c o m m o d it y tr a d in g c o m p a n ie s . In 1 9 8 4 , s e c u r ity a n d c o m m o d it y b r o k e r s a n d se r v ic e s Secretaries..................... Financial managers . . Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing c le r k s ............................ A ccountants and a u d ito r s....................... General office clerks . e m p l o y e d 3 3 9 , 1 5 0 , o r 7 1 p e r c e n t o f t h e w o r k e r s in t h i s in d u s tr y g r o u p . H o ld in g a n d o th e r in v e s t m e n t o f f ic e s a c c o u n t e d f o r t h e r e m a i n i n g e m p l o y m e n t , w i t h 1 4 0 ,3 7 0 w ork ers. A s s h o w n in t a b l e s 15 a n d 1 6 , c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , t h e la r g e s t o c c u p a tio n a l group in th e se in d u s tr ie s , ac c o u n t e d f o r 4 4 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t in s e c u r i t y 1 Because o f changes in the survey classification system , data for 1981 and 1984 are not com parable. a n d c o m m o d ity b r o k e r s a n d 3 9 p e r c e n t o f e m p lo y m e n t (1) 48 B e tw e e n 1981 a n d 1 9 8 4 , h o ld in g a n d o th e r in v e s tm e n t E m p l o y m e n t o f u n d e r w r it e r s in c r e a s e d b y a l m o s t 10 o f f i c e s in c r e a s e d e m p l o y m e n t o f b o o k k e e p i n g , a c c o u n t p ercen t b e tw e e n i n g , a n d a u d i t i n g c le r k s b y 5 . 2 p e r c e n t . E m p l o y m e n t o f a n d p la c e r s in c r e a s e d b y 6 .5 p e r c e n t w h i l e g e n e r a l o f f i c e s e c r e t a r ie s in c r e a s e d b y 2 0 . 6 p e r c e n t ; t h e n u m b e r o f a c c le r k s d e c l i n e d s l ig h t l y . c o u n t a n t s a n d a u d i t o r s in c r e a s e d b y 1 4 .4 p e r c e n t ; a n d C le r ic a l g e n e r a l o f f i c e c le r k s in c r e a s e d b y 11 p e r c e n t . h a lf— 53 1981 a n d w orkers 1 9 8 4 . I n s u r a n c e sa le s a g e n ts a ls o p e r c e n t— o f a cco u n te d to ta l fo r e m p lo y m e n t m ore in th a n in s u r a n c e a g e n t s , b r o k e r s , a n d s e r v i c e s ( t a b le 1 8 ). S a le s w o r k e r s , t h e s e c o n d la r g e s t o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p , a c c o u n t e d f o r 2 5 Insurance and real estate p e r c e n t. T h is in d u s t r y g r o u p ( s i c ’s 6 3 - 6 6 ) i n c l u d e s in s u r a n c e w orkers m ad e up c a r r ie r s o f a ll t y p e s ; a g e n t s a n d b r o k e r s d e a l i n g in i n and p o lic y h o ld e r s ; real e sta te C hanges o p e r a to r s; te c h n ic a l 1 4 , p e r c e n t a n d m a n a g e r ia l a n d a d in th e O ES str u c tu r e r e s u lte d in th e 1 8 ,7 3 0 in 1 9 8 4 , f r o m t h e m a n a g e r i a l t o t h e s a l e s g r o u p in a n d b r o k e r s ; a n d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s r e g u la r l y e n g a g e d in a n y s ic 64. o f i n s u r a n c e , r e a l e s t a t e , l o a n s , a n d la w The w h e r e n o o n e o f th e s e a c tiv itie s d o m in a te s th e b u s in e s s . In and r e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f f i r s t - lin e s a l e s s u p e r v i s o r s , n u m b e r i n g o w n e r s a n d le s so r s o f rea l p r o p e r ty ; d e v e lo p e r s , a g e n ts , c o m b in a tio n p a r a p r o fe s s io n a l, m in is tr a tiv e w o r k e r s m a d e u p 6 p e r c e n t. s u r a n c e a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n s o f f e r i n g s e r v i c e s t o in s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s P r o fe s s io n a l, 1 9 8 4 , th e s e e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y e d 2 .8 fiv e la r g e s t o c c u p a tio n s in in s u r a n c e a g e n ts, b r o k e r s , a n d s e r v ic e s a r e lis te d b e lo w : m illio n w o r k e r s o r 1 0 .8 p e r c e n t o f t h e w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y t h e P e rc e n t o f P e rc e n t in d u s tr y c h a n g e in E m p lo y m e n t, e m p lo y m e n t, e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 1984 1981-84 107,230 20.9 78.7 63,860 12.5 35,860 7.0 (2) 49.0 s u r v e y . I n s u r a n c e c a r r ie r s a c c o u n t e d f o r 4 4 p e r c e n t o f t h e e m p l o y m e n t in t h i s in d u s t r y g r o u p . T h e r e a l e s t a t e i n d u s t r y e m p l o y e d 3 7 .5 p e r c e n t o f t h e w o r k e r s i n t h i s i n d u str y group. The r e m a in in g d is t r ib u t e d a s f o l l o w s : e m p lo y m e n t w as In su ra n ce a g e n ts, b ro k ers, an d Sales agents and placers, insurance 1 s e r v ic e s , 18 p e r c e n t; a n d c o m b in e d r e a l e s t a t e , in s u r a n c e , Insurance policy l o a n , a n d l a w o f f i c e s , le s s t h a n 1 p e r c e n t . A s sh ow n in t a b l e processing clerk s. . . . U nderw riters................ 1 7 , c le r ic a l w o r k e r s , n u m b e r i n g 6 5 5 , 0 6 0 , a c c o u n t e d f o r 5 3 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t in th e in s u r a n c e c a r r ie r s in d u s t r y . O th er Bookkeeping, account o c c u p a tio n a l ing, and auditing g r o u p s w it h la r g e n u m b e r s o f w o r k e r s w e r e p r o f e s s i o n a l , p a r a p r o fe s s io n a l, and te c h n ic a l w orkers and sa le s c le r k s ........................... 28,010 5.5 43.9 General o ffice clerks . 26,870 5.2 -3 7 .0 w o r k e r s , w it h 1 8 .9 a n d 1 8 .1 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t i v e l y . 1 Excludes the self-em ployed. T h e s a l e s o c c u p a t i o n a l c a t e g o r y i n c l u d e d 2 6 , 8 0 0 f ir s t li n e s a le s su p e r v iso r s in 1984. T h is o c c u p a tio n 2 Because o f changes in the survey classification system , data for w as 1981 and 1984 are not com parable. p r e v io u s ly c la s s if ie d u n d e r th e m a n a g e r ia l g r o u p . T itle search ers, n u m b e r in g 4 ,5 0 0 , w ere sh ifte d c le r ic a l t o t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l g r o u p in t h e fro m th e 1984 su rv ey . E m p lo y m e n t o f in s u r a n c e s a le s a g e n ts a n d p la c e r s in T h e f i v e m o s t p o p u l o u s o c c u p a t i o n s in t h e in s u r a n c e c r e a s e d b y 7 8 .7 p e r c e n t b e tw e e n c a r r ie r s in d u s t r y , w h i c h t o g e t h e r a c c o u n t e d f o r a b o u t 3 8 1981 a n d 1984. T he n u m b e r o f u n d e r w r i t e r s in c r e a s e d b y 4 9 p e r c e n t , a n d p e r c e n t o f t o t a l in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t, a r e lis te d in th e b o o k k e e p i n g , a c c o u n t i n g , a n d a u d i t i n g c le r k s i n c r e a s e d ta b u la tio n b e lo w : by 44 p erc e n t. E m p lo y m e n t o f g e n e r a l o ffic e c le r k s d e c lin e d b y 3 7 p e r c e n t. In r e a l e s t a t e , c le r ic a l a n d s e r v ic e w o r k e r s n u m b e r e d E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t o f in d u stry e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t ch an ge in e m p lo y m e n t, 1981-84 2 3 5 ,9 8 0 ( 2 2 .3 2 2 3 , 3 8 0 ( 2 1 .1 percent of in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t) p e r c e n t) , r e s p e c t iv e ly (t a b le and 1 9 ). T h e s e w e r e f o l l o w e d b y s a l e s w o r k e r s , 1 7 .2 p e r c e n t ; p r o d u c t i o n a n d r e l a t e d w o r k e r s , 1 6 .9 p e r c e n t ; a n d m a n a g e r i a l Sales agents and placers, insurance . . General office clerks . Insurance policy processing clerks . . . Insurance adjusters, examiners, and inv estig a to rs................ U nderw riters.............. a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e w o r k e r s , 1 1 .1 p e r c e n t . 187,650 91,460 15.3 7.4 6.5 -1.1 71,080 5.8 (1) In e m p lo y m e n t in th e u n d e r t h e m a n a g e r i a l g r o u p in s a le s group in c lu d e d 1 9 8 1 . R ea l e sta te a p p r a i s e r s , 1 0 ,9 2 0 i n 1 9 8 4 , w e r e s h i f t e d f r o m t h e p r o f e s s io n a l t o th e s a le s c a t e g o r y . T itle s e a r c h e r s , n u m b e r in g 67,740 49,700 5.5 4.0 (1) 9.8 4 ,5 3 0 w orkers in 1984, w ere r e c la s s ifie d fr o m th e c le r i c a l t o t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l g r o u p . T h e f i v e m o s t p o p u l o u s o c c u p a t i o n s in t h e r e a l e s t a t e 1 Because o f changes in the survey classification system, data for 1981 and 1984 are not comparable. 1984, 3 4 ,8 7 0 fir s t-lin e s a le s s u p e r v is o r s w h o w e r e c la s s if ie d in d u s t r y a r e l i s t e d o n t h e f o l l o w i n g p a g e . 49 E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t ch a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t, 1981-84 42 p ercent b e tw e e n 1981 and 1984. G ardeners and g r o u n d s k e e p e r s in c r e a s e d b y 16 p e r c e n t. J a n it o r s a n d c le a n e r s d e c lin e d b y 8 .4 p e r c e n t, w h ile r e a l e s t a te s a le s a g e n ts d e c lin e d s lig h tly . M aintenance repairers, general u tilit y ........................... Janitors and cleaners, except m aids and household cleaners . . Sales agents, real estate 1 ......................... Gardeners and groundskeepers, except f a r m ................ Property and real estate managers and adm inistrators ......... In c o m b in e d r e a l e s t a t e , in s u r a n c e , lo a n , a n d la w o f 122,630 11.6 fic e s , s a le s w o r k e r s m a d e u p 3 8 .6 p e r c e n t o f in d u s tr y 41.9 e m p lo y m e n t a n d c le r ic a l w o r k e r s a c c o u n t e d 105,820 10.0 - 8 .4 3 7 .7 89,870 8.5 - .7 75,260 7.1 15.9 44,730 4.2 (2) T h e f i v e la r g e s t o c c u p a t i o n s in c o m b i n e d r e a l e s t a t e , i n s u r a n c e , l o a n , a n d la w o f f i c e s a r e g i v e n b e l o w : Sales agents and placers, in su r a n c e ................ ........... Sales agents, real estate ......................................... ......... S e c re ta rie s........................................... General office c le r k s......................... Brokers, real e s t a t e ................ ........... 1 Excludes the self-em ployed. 2 Because o f changes in the survey classification system , data for 1981 and 1984 are not com parable. E m p l o y m e n t o f m a i n t e n a n c e r e p a ir e r s i n c r e a s e d b y fo r p e r c e n t (ta b le 2 0 ). 50 E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t 2,260 15.2 1,830 1,690 1,060 920 12.3 11.4 7.1 6.2 Table 13. Banking: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 60) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 11.84 3.79 n.a. 3 n.a. 79 7,040 1,740 .42 .10 5 8 33 15 6,150 6,790 250 56,860 55,500 .37 .41 .01 3.41 3.33 6 15 17 2 2 28 15 2 48 32 220,450 163,580 13.22 9.81 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 128,910 460 21,310 59,220 25,000 2,230 20,690 7.73 .03 1.28 3.55 1.50 .13 1.24 n.a. 27 5 3 4 7 8 n.a. 2 38 48 45 10 23 1,320 .08 10 9 6,150 240 2,760 24,200 490 .37 .01 .17 1.45 .03 5 16 9 10 16 19 1 7 14 1 440 .03 23 1 27,280 1.64 n.a. n.a. 10,540 13,400 3,340 10,820 .63 .80 .20 .65 8 7 9 n.a. 16 18 7 n.a. 3,230 900 4,490 2,200 .19 .05 .27 .13 10 30 9 n.a. 6 1 8 n.a. 2,560 1,520 1,040 1,670 180 360 .15 .09 .06 .10 .01 .02 n.a. 7 38 7 11 14 n.a. 5 1 8 2 2 710 .04 34 2 3,960 .24 9 11 8,400 .50 n.a. n.a. 37,050 2.22 n.a. n.a. 4,230 .25 9 8 24,680 1.48 n.a. n.a. Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l................................................................................ 1,667,950 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers............................................ Food service and lodging managers........................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 197,560 63,230 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Undewriters.......................................................................... Credit analysts...................................................................... Loan officers and counselors .............................................. Accountants and auditors..................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................ Management analysts............................................................. All other management support workers................................ Engineers................................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aid e s.................................................. Mathematical scientists and related workers........................... Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer...................................................... Statisticians................................................................................ Financial analysts, statistical..................................................... All other mathematical scientists.............................................. Social scientists, including urban and regional planners................................................................................... Economists, including market research analysts..................... All other social scientists.......................................................... Lawyers...................................................................................... Law clerks.................................................................................. Paralegal personnel................................................................... All other legal assistants and technicians, except clerical.......................................................................... Public relations specialists and publicity w riters................................................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations.................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related w orkers................................................................ Sales representatives and salespersons, services.................................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 51 Table 13. Banking: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984— Continued (SIC 60) Occupation Sales agents and placers, insurance .................................... Brokers, real estate................................................................. Sales agents, real estate ....................................................... Appraisers, real estate............................................................ Sales agents, securities, commodities, financial services.................................................................. Sales agents, selected business services............................. All other sales representatives and salespersons, service........................................................... Cashiers...................................................................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations.............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Tellers......................................................................................... New accounts cle rks................................................................. Transit c le rks............................................................................. Loan interviewers....................................................................... Credit authorizers....................................................................... Credit checkers.......................................................................... Loan and credit clerks............................................................... Adjustment clerks....................................................................... Statement cle rks........................................................................ Brokerage cle rks........................................................................ Insurance examining cle rks....................................................... Bill and account collectors ........................................................ Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers............................................................................ Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping.............................................................................. Correspondence clerks ............................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Statistical cle rks......................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks....................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators....................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Duplicating machine operators............................................... Mail machine operators, preparation and handling ................................................................................ Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators.................................... Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Mail clerks, except mail machine operators and postal service........................................................................... Messengers................................................................................ Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... Service occupations..................................................................... Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 650 240 280 2,840 0.04 .01 .02 .17 21 25 19 11 2 1 1 8 17,450 810 1 05 05 10 17 16 2 2,410 5,900 2,240 .14 .35 .13 12 14 n.a. 4 8 n.a. 1,164,820 69.84 n.a. n.a. 73,200 374,350 58,880 18,240 9,130 2,400 11,030 59,330 18,010 34,190 5,720 1,240 14,620 88,800 3,500 11,750 13,960 6,660 4.39 22.44 3.53 1.09 .55 .14 .66 3.56 1.08 2.05 .34 .07 .88 5.32 .21 .70 .84 .40 3 1 2 5 6 13 5 2 6 4 10 10 5 2 9 6 7 7 47 89 67 24 19 6 23 64 21 39 11 6 24 75 8 32 19 19 3,780 1,990 13,450 2,260 67,760 4,130 2,180 109,830 .23 .12 .81 .14 4.06 .25 .13 6.58 6 17 5 18 3 6 16 2 20 3 24 3 61 21 4 43 78,860 4.73 n.a. n.a. 9,350 1,380 .56 .08 9 9 12 7 1,850 .11 8 8 17,080 6,830 26,370 16,000 9,700 1.02 .41 1.58 .96 .58 4 8 6 6 4 28 12 32 14 42 7,750 14,030 .46 .84 5 4 24 36 5,330 .32 n.a. n.a. 2,700 .16 4 17 2,630 .16 23 3 38,760 2.32 n.a. n.a. 39,380 2.36 n.a. n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 52 Table 13. Banking: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 60) Occupation Employment' First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Guards and watch guards......................................................... Food and beverage preparation and service workers.................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... All other service workers.......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related..................................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. All other construction and extractive workers, except helpers........................................................................ Plant and system workers ........................................................ Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................... Taxi drivers and chauffeurs ................................................... All other transportation and material moving equipment operators............................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand.............................. All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .......................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,340 12,650 0.14 .76 8 6 10 16 3,020 .18 10 7 20,890 1.25 n.a. n.a. 18,630 1.12 4 36 2,260 480 .14 .03 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 810 810 .05 .05 n.a. 17 n.a. 3 7,880 .47 n.a. n.a. 620 .04 n.a. n.a. 170 .01 21 1 450 3,560 3,060 500 .03 .21 .18 .03 n.a. 20 6 14 n.a. 13 11 1 190 190 .01 .01 n.a. 9 n.a. 2 570 430 1,210 .03 .03 .07 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 640 570 .04 .03 14 14 2 3 340 380 .02 .02 24 29 2 1 260 .02 25 1 320 .02 n.a. n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 53 Table 14. Credit agencies, except banks: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 61) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 690,130 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 93,000 46,140 13.48 6.69 n.a. 1 n.a. 80 2,430 720 .35 .10 3 4 10 4 2,870 2,360 22,660 15,820 .42 34 3 28 2 29 4 6 3 n.a. 11 6 26 n.a. 91,310 74,620 13.23 10.81 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 65,860 2,160 20,010 25,000 12,760 650 5,280 9.54 .31 2.90 3.62 1.85 .09 .77 n.a. 8 3 3 3 8 5 n.a. 4 31 20 26 2 - 9 480 .07 10 2 2,260 100 760 5,160 .33 .01 .11 .75 4 26 10 9 6 (3) 2 5 8,310 1.20 n.a. n.a. 3,240 4,100 970 2,460 .47 .59 .14 .36 6 4 6 n.a. 7 7 3 n.a. 790 130 1,460 80 .11 .02 .21 .01 10 21 8 n.a. 2 (3) 3 n.a. 370 1,140 120 170 .05 .17 .02 .02 n.a. 6 13 9 n.a. 3 1 1 400 .06 24 1 1,980 .29 6 8 1,740 .25 n.a. n.a. 40,810 5.91 n.a. n.a. 4,800 .70 5 5 28,140 690 330 940 4,430 4.08 .10 .05 .14 .64 n.a. 13 29 19 6 n.a. 1 1 1 9 19,140 2.77 5 12 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Underwriters.......................................................................... Credit analysts...................................................................... Loan officers and counselors .............................................. Accountants and auditors..................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................ Management analysts............................................................. All other management support workers................................ Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer a ides.................................................. Mathematical scientists and related workers........................... Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer..................................................... Statisticians................................................................................ Financial analysts, statistical..................................................... All other mathematical scientists.............................................. Social scientists, including urban and regional planners................................................................................... Lawyers ...................................................................................... Law clerks.................................................................................. Paralegal personnel................................................................... All other legal assistants and technicians, except clerical.......................................................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers ................................................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................... Sales and related occupations .................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales representatives and salespersons, services.................................................................................... Sales agents and placers, insurance .................................... Brokers, real estate................................................................. Sales agents, real e sta te ....................................................... Appraisers, real estate............................................................ Sales agents, securities, commodities, financial services .................................................................. See footnotes at end of table. 54 Table 14. Credit agencies, except banks: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 61) Occupation Sales agents, selected business services............................. All other sales representatives and salespersons, service........................................................... Cashiers...................................................................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Tellers......................................................................................... New accounts cle rks................................................................. Transit cle rks............................................................................. Loan interviewers....................................................................... Credit authorizers....................................................................... Credit checkers......................................................................... Loan and credit clerks............................................................... Adjustment clerks....................................................................... Statement c le rks........................................................................ Brokerage cle rks........................................................................ Insurance examining cle rks...................................................... Bill and account collectors....................................................... Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers........................................................................... Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. Correspondence clerks ............................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Statistical c le rks......................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Duplicating machine operators............................................... Mail machine operators, preparation and handling ................................................................................ Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators.................................... Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Mail clerks, except mail machine operators and postal service.......................................................................... Messengers................................................................................ Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... Service occupations..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Guards and watch guards......................................................... Food and beverage preparation and service workers.................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 670 0.10 18 1 1,940 6,920 950 .28 1.00 .14 10 5 n.a. 2 10 n.a. 452,730 65.60 n.a. n.a. 26,820 129,210 27,610 850 7,020 860 8,360 67,550 6,340 6,010 340 1,720 15,500 29,160 1,270 7,790 5,230 2,580 3.89 18.72 4.00 .12 1.02 .12 1.21 9.79 .92 .87 .05 .25 2.25 4.23 .18 1.13 .76 .37 2 1 2 8 5 16 4 2 12 4 14 10 3 2 9 3 7 6 19 48 25 2 7 1 15 61 5 10 1 3 18 43 3 21 8 7 1,170 760 5,110 460 29,420 1,870 1,510 35,960 .17 .11 .74 .07 4.26 .27 .22 5.21 4 18 4 17 2 4 43 3 5 1 11 1 46 8 1 31 15,230 2.21 n.a. n.a. 1,810 370 .26 .05 8 7 3 2 700 .10 12 2 4,830 770 5,960 790 4,180 .70 .11 .86 .11 .61 4 10 7 10 3 11 2 9 2 17 2,210 2,400 .32 .35 4 5 6 9 1,360 .20 n.a. n.a. 1,040 .15 5 4 320 .05 16 1 6,870 1.00 n.a. n.a. 8,960 1.30 n.a. n.a. 630 1,050 .09 .15 12 9 2 2 400 .06 18 1 6,740 .98 n.a. n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 55 Table 14. Credit agencies, except banks: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 61) Occupation Employment1 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... All other service w orkers.......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations.............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related...................................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Machine setters, set-up operators, operators and tenders.............................................................................. Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route w orkers................................................................... Taxi drivers and chauffeurs .................................................... All other transportation and material moving equipment operators............................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d ........................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 6,160 0.89 4 15 580 140 .08 .02 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 430 430 .06 .06 n.a. 13 n.a. 1 2,890 .42 n.a. n.a. 290 .04 n.a. n.a. 140 .02 24 (3) 150 1,470 1,250 220 .02 .21 .18 .03 n.a. 35 10 24 n.a. 4 3 (3) 90 220 .01 .03 22 n.a. (3) n.a. 140 80 .02 .01 35 27 0 230 120 .03 .02 25 23 (*> 0 170 .02 21 0 300 .04 n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment: relative standard errors Percent of total employment 0 n.a. are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 56 Table 15. Security and commodity brokers and services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 62) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 339,150 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 28,950 7,400 8.54 2.18 n.a. 7 n.a. 42 520 160 .15 .05 10 16 6 3 970 1,610 10,150 8,140 .29 .47 2.99 2.40 14 31 9 n.a. 6 4 29 n.a. 41,060 12,850 12.11 3.79 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 8,980 230 540 5,640 310 2,260 2.65 .07 .16 1.66 .09 .67 n.a. 39 29 11 19 n.a. n.a. 1 1 17 2 n.a. 280 .08 23 2 510 250 2,830 200 .15 .07 .83 .06 15 26 n.a. 46 4 1 n.a. 1 8,410 2.48 n.a. n.a. 3,320 4,620 470 8,440 .98 1.36 .14 2.49 24 14 21 n.a. 7 10 2 n.a. 1,160 6,800 480 .34 2.01 .14 31 11 n.a. 1 14 n.a. 3,660 930 190 180 1.08 .27 .06 .05 n.a. 20 33 29 n.a: 6 1 1 120 .04 27 1 280 .08 35 2 5,800 1.71 n.a. n.a. 115,370 34.02 n.a. n.a. 7,130 2.10 6 40 100,340 29.59 n.a. n.a. 95,010 1,630 28.01 .48 2 35 70 3 3,700 3,310 4,590 1.09 .98 1.35 18 9 n.a. 3 24 n.a. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations....„ ....................................................... Management support workers.................................................. Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Underwriters......................................................................... Credit analysts...................................................................... Accountants and auditors.................................................... Budget analysts .................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Management analysts............................................................. All other management support workers................................ Engineers ................................................................................... Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer a ides.................................................. Mathematical scientists and related workers........................... Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer..................................................... Financial analysts, statistical.................................................... All other mathematical scientists.............................................. Social scientists, including urban and regional planners................................................................................... Lawyers...................................................................................... Law clerks.................................................................................. Paralegal personnel ................................................................... All other legal assistants and technicians, except clerical......................................................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers ................................................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................... Sales and related occupations ................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales representatives and salespersons, services.................................................................................... Sales agents, securities, commodities, financial services.................................................................. Sales agents, selected business services............................ All other sales representatives and salespersons, service........................................................... Cashiers...................................................................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... See footnotes at end of table. 57 Table 15. Security and commodity brokers and services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 62) Occupation Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... New accounts cle rks................................................................. Transit cle rks............................................................................. Loan and credit clerks............................................................... Adjustment clerks....................................................................... Statement c le rks........................................................................ Brokerage cle rks........................................................................ All other bank clerks.................................................................. Bill and account collectors ....................................................... Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers............................................................................ Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. Correspondence clerks ............................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Statistical c le rks......................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office cle rks................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Duplicating machine operators............................................... Mail machine operators, preparation and handling ................................................................................ Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators.................................... Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Mail clerks, except mail machine operators and postal service........................................................................... Messengers................................................................................ Material recording, scheduling,. dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... Service occupations..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Guards and watch guards......................................................... Food and beverage preparation and service w orkers.................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 150,040 44.24 n.a. n.a. 6,520 720 230 130 960 300 44,050 180 220 31,920 380 3,330 2,570 2,650 1.92 .21 .07 .04 .28 .09 12.99 .05 .06 9.41 .11 .98 .76 .78 8 22 39 49 29 35 6 n.a. 34 5 29 7 11 10 17 5 1 (3) 2 1 43 n.a. 1 72 3 31 9 13 510 440 1,250 350 9,770 710 150 13,940 .15 .13 .37 .10 2.88 .21 .04 4.11 11 35 13 23 13 11 46 9 4 1 5 1 30 7 1 32 11,220 3.31 n.a. n.a. 170 550 .05 .16 28 16 1 3 350 .10 23 3 2,950 590 4,890 1,720 2,360 .87 .17 1.44 .51 .70 14 15 11 20 7 12 3 14 6 22 1,740 5,570 .51 1.64 9 9 8 11 630 .19 n.a. n.a. 330 .10 15 2 300 .09 32 1 7,240 2.13 n.a. n.a. 1,810 .53 n.a. n.a. 140 680 .04 .20 20 16 1 2 230 .07 40 1 760 .22 n.a. n.a. 630 .19 18 3 130 .04 n.a. n.a. 100 .03 n.a. n.a. Employment1 See footnotes at end of table. 58 Table 15. Security and commodity brokers and services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 62) Occupation Employment1 Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Precision production occupations............................................. Transportation equipment operators........................................ All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,820 940 340 600 70 170 0.54 .28 .10 .18 .02 .05 n.a. 69 27 42 47 n.a. n.a. 2 2 (3) (*) n.a. 640 .19 n.a. n.a. are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate "All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment 59 Table 16. Holding and other investment offices: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 67) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 140,370 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ Food service and lodging managers........................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 26,870 10,960 19.14 7.81 n.a. 3 n.a. 63 1,030 170 .73 .12 8 16 8 3 1,130 1,410 110 7,400 4,660 .81 1.00 .08 5.27 3.32 10 20 35 4 7 9 8 1 35 18 34,390 16,320 24.50 11.63 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 11,730 130 170 350 9,300 380 1,400 8.36 .09 .12 .25 6.63 .27 1.00 n.a. 31 24 23 5 15 19 n.a. 1 1 2 37 3 6 320 .23 18 3 1,070 610 2,590 1,650 .76 .43 1.85 1.18 11 37 n.a. 30 6 2 n.a. 5 700 380 150 .50 .27 .11 19 30 44 4 1 4,280 3.05 n.a. n.a. 1,560 2,310 410 2,550 1.11 1.65 .29 1.82 9 8 15 n.a. 9 10 2 n.a. 570 1,550 270 160 .41 1.10 .19 .11 43 10 n.a. 46 1 10 n.a. O 610 280 330 1,900 200 .43 .20 .24 1.35 .14 n.a. 18 38 8 16 n.a. 2 1 12 2 160 .11 n.a. n.a. 290 .21 n.a. n.a. 550 .39 21 4 4,650 3.31 n.a. n.a. 9,380 6.68 n.a. n.a. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Underwriters.......................................................................... Credit analysts ...................................................................... Loan officers and counselors .............................................. Accountants and auditors..................................................... Budget analysts .................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products .................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Management analysts............................................................. All other management support workers................................. Engineers ................................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Physical scientists...................................................................... Life scientists............................................................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aides.................................................. Mathematical scientists and related workers........................... Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer...................................................... Financial analysts, statistical..................................................... All other mathematical scientists.............................................. Mathematical technicians.......................................................... Social scientists, including urban and regional planners................................................................................... Economists, including market research analysts..................... All other social scientists.......................................................... Lawyers...................................................................................... Paralegal personnel................................................................... All other legal assistants and technicians, except clerical.......................................................................... Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health w orkers......................................................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers ................................................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations .................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 60 0 Table 16. Holding and other investment offices: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 67) Occupation First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales representatives and salespersons, services.................................................................................... Brokers, real estate................................................................. Sales agents, real estate ....................................................... Sales agents, securities, commodities, financial services.................................................................. Sales agents, selected business services............................ All other sales representatives and salespersons, service........................................................... Cashiers...................................................................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Tellers........................................................................................ New accounts cle rks................................................................. Transit cle rks............................................................................. Loan and credit clerks............................................................... Adjustment clerks...................................................................... Brokerage cle rks....................................................................... All other bank clerks.................................................................. Bill and account collectors....................................................... Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers........................................................................... Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Statistical c le rk s........................................................................ Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Duplicating machine operators............................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators.................................... Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Mail clerks, except mail machine operators and postal service.......................................................................... Messengers................................................................................ Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd ......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... Service occupations.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Guards and watch guards......................................................... Food and beverage preparation and service workers.................................................................................... Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,640 2.59 6 23 4,050 90 90 2.89 .06 .06 n.a. 37 34 n.a. 1 1 2,320 900 1.65 .64 14 15 8 4 650 860 830 .46 .61 .59 21 19 n.a. 2 4 n.a. 55,240 39.35 n.a. n.a. 1,880 680 240 110 370 210 1,010 190 290 16,970 700 2,180 1,090 1,390 1.34 .48 .17 .08 .26 .15 .72 .14 .21 12.09 .50 1.55 .78 .99 8 29 29 37 26 28 21 n.a. 31 3 21 6 10 9 11 1 (3) (3) 1 1 3 n.a. 1 69 4 22 8 9 360 610 90 9,440 1,010 220 7,850 .26 .43 .06 6.73 .72 .16 5.59 11 17 35 4 8 21 7 4 3 1 50 10 1 28 4,400 3.13 n.a. n.a. 60 180 .04 .13 49 21 (3) 1 1,720 260 1,800 380 940 1.23 .19 1.28 .27 .67 9 25 10 n.a. 11 11 1 9 n.a. 10 540 660 .38 .47 9 12 4 6 490 .35 n.a. n.a. 330 .24 24 2 160 .11 33 1 1,320 .94 n.a. n.a. 6,620 4.72 n.a. n.a. 340 980 .24 .70 27 19 2 3 2,040 1.45 23 3 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 61 Table 16. Holding and other investment offices: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 67) Occupation Employment’ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... All other service w orkers.......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................ Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related...................................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... All other construction and extractive workers, except helpers......................................................................... Precision production occupations............................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, operators and tenders............................................................................. Hand working occupations, including assemblers and fabricators......................................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................ Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................... Taxi drivers and chauffeurs .................................................... All other transportation and material moving equipment operators............................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .......................................................................... Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,290 1.63 n.a. n.a. 1,480 1.05 9 10 810 970 .58 .69 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,940 1,440 1.38 1.03 n.a. 13 n.a. 6 500 .36 24 1 5,930 4.22 n.a. n.a. 430 .31 n.a. n.a. 80 .06 30 1 100 .07 28 1 250 1,830 1,500 330 .18 1.30 1.07 .24 19 40 10 30 2 11 9 2 160 160 .11 .11 n.a. 34 n.a. 1 750 90 .53 .06 n.a. 36 n.a. (3) 360 .26 35 1 430 90 350 .31 .06 .25 29 n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. n.a. 240 110 .17 .08 26 18 2 2 590 370 .42 .26 21 25 3 2 480 .34 25 2 . are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: (Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment: relative standard errors Percent of total employment 62 Table 17. Insurance carriers: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 63) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 7.73 1.01 n.a. 6 n.a. 31 3,460 820 .28 .07 5 6 16 6 6,480 8,240 .53 .67 5 8 17 15 1,230 150 28,860 33,270 .10 .01 2.35 2.71 12 15 4 5 3 1 34 24 232,740 131,570 18.94 10.71 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 72,970 49,700 550 16,900 1,630 4,190 5.94 4.04 .04 1.38 .13 .34 n.a. 2 13 4 7 9 n.a. 35 2 25 5 5 870 13,650 .07 1.11 8 5 4 22 5,000 750 1,140 310 .41 .06 .09 .03 5 30 31 26 12 1 1 1 23,690 13,190 4,590 4,120 470 1.93 1.07 .37 .34 .04 5 7 n.a. 7 20 18 10 n.a. 8 1 550 170 .04 .01 n.a. 18 n.a. 1 380 .03 n.a. n.a. 44,770 3.64 n.a. n.a. 16,560 24,580 3,630 16,520 1.35 2.00 .30 1.34 7 7 9 n.a. 11 13 5 n.a. 5,180 1,430 4,560 2,950 1,200 1,200 .42 .12 .37 .24 .10 .10 10 10 6 13 30 19 5 3 7 3 1 1 710 5,150 310 710 4,500 6,250 .06 .42 .03 .06 .37 .51 n.a. 4 11 8 6 5 n.a. 12 2 3 7 8 Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l................................................................................ 1,228,720 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers............................................ Property and real estate managers and administrators........................................................................... Food service and lodging managers........................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 94,940 12,430 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Underwriters.......................................................................... Credit analysts...................................................................... Accountants and auditors..................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products .................................... Special agents, insurance...................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................ Construction and building inspectors..................................... Assessors................................................................................ Claims examiners, property and casualty insurance.............................................................................. All other management support workers................................ Engineers................................................................................... Safety engineers, except mining............................................ All other engineers.................................................................. Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Drafters.................................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aides.................................................. Mathematical scientists and related workers........................... Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer...................................................... Statisticians................................................................................ Actuaries .................................................................................... Financial analysts, statistical.................................................... All other mathematical scientists.............................................. Mathematical technicians.......................................................... Social scientists, including urban and regional planners................................................................................... Lawyers...................................................................................... Law clerks.................................................................................. Paralegal personnel................................................................... Title searchers........................................................................... Title examiners and abstractors................................................ See footnotes at end of table. 63 Table 17. Insurance carriers: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 63) Occupation All other legal assistants and technicians, except clerical.......................................................................... Librarians, professional ............................................................. Registered nurses...................................................................... Licensed practical nurses.......................................................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians........................................... Public relations specialists and publicity w riters................................................................ Photographers............................................................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations .................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales representatives and salespersons, services.................................................................................... Sales agents and placers, insurance .................................... Sales agents, real e sta te ........................................................ Appraisers, real estate............................................................ All other sales representatives and salespersons, service........................................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations.............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support w orkers.......................... Credit checkers.......................................................................... Loan and credit clerks............................................................... Adjustment clerks....................................................................... Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators............................................................................. Insurance appraisers, auto damage......................................... Insurance examining cle rks....................................................... Insurance claims clerks............................................................. Insurance policy processing clerks........................................... Bill and account collectors........................................................ Library assistants and bookmobile drivers............................... Real estate clerks...................................................................... Legal secretaries........................................................................ All other secretaries................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................ Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping.............................................................................. Correspondence clerks ............................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Statistical c le rk s......................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks....................................................... General office cle rk s ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators....................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Duplicating machine operators............................................... Mail machine operators, preparation and handling ................................................................................ Computer operators, except peripheral equipment.............................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators.................................... Data entry keyers, except composing.................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,420 260 1,260 150 0.12 .02 .10 01 14 13 6 22 2 1 5 1 1,620 .13 10 3 1.680 160 .14 .01 7 9 5 1 10,560 .86 n.a. n.a. 222,710 18.13 n.a. n.a. 26,800 2.18 2 42 194,470 187,650 590 160 15.83 15.27 .05 .01 n.a. 2 47 29 n.a. 50 (3) 1 6,070 1,440 .49 .12 8 n.a. 6 n.a. 655,060 53.31 n.a. n.a. 42,180 170 4,450 4,160 3.43 .01 .36 .34 3 18 7 9 31 1 6 3 67,740 5,770 5,830 44,760 71,080 3,390 140 450 2,280 53,330 5,760 8,640 31,100 15,330 5.51 .47 .47 3.64 5.78 .28 .01 .04 .19 4.34 .47 .70 2.53 1.25 3 8 13 4 3 9 14 17 8 2 15 4 3 4 33 8 3 29 35 4 1 1 7 60 8 27 33 25 3,140 9,490 29,760 5,520 32,030 2,880 16,960 91,460 .26 .77 2.42 .45 2.61 .23 1.38 7.44 5 6 3 9 3 6 4 3 12 6 31 6 38 11 13 44 42,760 3.48 n.a. n.a. 2,270 1,630 .18 .13 8 6 4 5 2,070 .17 11 6 10,080 2,750 20,200 3,760 .82 .22 1.64 .31 7 8 4 8 14 5 18 4 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 64 Table 17. Insurance carriers: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 63) Occupation Switchboard operators .............................................................. Mail clerks, except mail machine operators and postal service.......................................................................... Messengers................................................................................ Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd ......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers.................................................................................... Service occupations.................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisorc service ................................................ Guards and watch guards'......................................................... All other protective service workers......................................... Food and beverage preparation and service workers .................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... All other service workers .......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related..................................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers ....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. All other construction and extractive workers, except helpers........................................................................ Precision printing workers......................................................... Precision compositors, typesetters, and arrangers............................................................................... Job printers ............................................................................. Precision workers, n e c .............................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, operators and tenders............................................................................. Plant and system workers ........................................................ Stationary engineers............................................................... All other plant and system operators.................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route w orkers................................................................... All other transportation and material moving equipment operators.............................................................. Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................. Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 4,890 0.40 3 25 10,970 1,980 .89 .16 3 7 23 6 4,430 .36 n.a. n.a. 3,120 .25 5 10 1,310 .11 9 2 32,230 2.62 n.a. n.a. 13,630 1.11 n.a. n.a. 2,230 2,130 230 .18 .17 .02 10 10 n.a. 4 3 n.a. 2,500 .20 15 2 6,260 .51 n.a. n.a. 5,430 .44 6 9 830 280 .07 .02 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 470 470 .04 .04 n.a. 14 n.a. 2 9,170 .75 n.a. n.a. 630 .05 n.a. n.a. 190 .02 29 (3) 440 2,590 1,820 770 .04 .21 .15 .06 n.a. 31 6 25 n.a. 6 5 1 640 210 430 .05 .02 .03 n.a. 12 13 n.a. 1 1 380 1,690 .03 .14 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 440 1,250 440 .04 .10 .04 11 12 31 2 3 (3) 620 460 320 140 .05 .04 .03 .01 29 n.a. 14 23 1 n.a. 1 (3) 480 .04 14 2 240 410 .02 .03 n.a. 22 n.a. 1 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 65 Table 17. Insurance carriers: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 63) Occupation Employment’ All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d ........................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 380 0.03 27 (3) 210 .02 n.a. n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 66 Table 18. Insurance agents, brokers, and services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 64) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 512,610 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers............................................ Property and real estate managers and administrators........................................................................... General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 31,320 14,300 6.11 2.79 n.a. 3 n.a. 26 610 150 .12 .03 7 10 2 1 1,180 1,300 .23 .25 9 16 2 2 230 9,660 3,890 .04 1.88 .76 26 3 n.a. 11 n.a. 73,620 60,170 14.36 11.74 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 42,550 35,860 80 5,640 250 720 8.30 7.00 .02 1.10 .05 .14 n.a. 2 21 4 37 20 n.a. 23 ft 10 120 7,630 .02 1.49 20 6 ft 8 850 180 .17 .04 23 41 ft 6,270 2,570 1,270 1,090 180 1.22 .50 .25 .21 .04 6 n.a. n.a. 17 35 6 n.a. n.a. 1 150 80 .03 .02 n.a. 35 n.a. ft 70 .01 n.a. n.a. 3,470 .68 n.a. n.a. 1,340 1,750 380 2,530 .26 .34 .07 .49 25 7 11 n.a. 1 2 1 n.a. 290 1,590 340 240 70 200 680 130 420 1,110 .06 .31 .07 .05 .01 .04 .13 .03 .08 .22 23 13 26 n.a. 38 32 13 17 22 15 ft 220 740 240 .04 .14 .05 n.a. 26 34 380 .07 27 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Underwriters.......................................................................... Credit analysts...................................................................... Accountants and auditors..................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Special agents, insurance....................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Construction and building inspectors..................................... Claims examiners, property and casualty insurance.............................................................................. All other management support workers................................ Engineers ................................................................................... Safety engineers, except m ining............................................ All other engineers.................................................................. Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Drafters.................................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aid e s.................................................. Mathematical scientists and related workers........................... Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer..................................................... Actuaries .................................................................................... Financial analysts, statistical..................................................... All other mathematical scientists.............................................. Mathematical technicians.......................................................... Economists, including market research analysts..................... Lawyers...................................................................................... Paralegal personnel................................................................... Title searchers........................................................................... Title examiners and abstractors................................................ All other legal assistants and technicians, except clerical.......................................................................... Registered nurses...................................................................... Licensed practical nurses......................................................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians........................................... See footnotes at end of table. 67 ft ft 1 1 ft 1 ft n.a. ft ft 1 ft 1 1 n.a. ft ft ft \ Table 18. Insurance agents, brokers, and services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 64) Occupation Employment' Public relations specialists and publicity w riters................................................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations .................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales representatives and salespersons, services.................................................................................... Sales agents and placers, insurance .................................... Brokers, real estate................................................................. Sales agents, real e sta te ....................................................... Appraisers, real estate............................................................ All other sales representatives and salespersons, service........................................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Credit checkers .......................................................................... Loan and credit clerks............................................................... Adjustment clerks....................................................................... Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators............................................................................. Insurance appraisers, auto damage......................................... Insurance examining cle rks....................................................... Insurance claims clerks............................................................. Insurance policy processing clerks........................................... Bill and account collectors ........................................................ Real estate clerks...................................................................... Legal secretaries........................................................................ All other secretaries................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................ Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. Correspondence clerks ............................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Statistical c le rks......................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks....................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators....................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Duplicating machine operators............................................... Mail machine operators, preparation and handling ................................................................................ Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators.................................... Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators.............................................................. Mail clerks, except mail machine operators and postal service........................................................................... Messengers................................................................................ Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 290 0.06 20 1,620 .32 n.a. n.a. 129,850 25.33 n.a. n.a. 18,730 3.65 2 26 110,300 107,230 140 310 90 21.52 20.92 .03 .06 .02 n.a. 1 41 32 47 n.a. 67 ft (3) (3) 2,530 820 .49 .16 11 18 1 1 272,350 53.13 n.a. n.a. 5,140 80 880 310 1.00 .02 .17 .06 5 44 16 19 6 (3) 1 (3) 22,630 2,670 450 16,430 63,860 520 830 340 40,650 900 9,880 11,450 6,670 4.41 .52 .09 3.21 12.46 .10 .16 .07 7.93 .18 1.93 2.23 1.30 4 11 23 3 2 14 17 17 2 11 3 3 4 12 3 (3) 23 44 1 1 (3) 44 1 21 13 12 400 350 11,050 880 28,010 990 3,570 26,870 .08 .07 2.16 .17 5.46 .19 .70 5.24 12 15 3 14 2 8 6 3 1 (3) 17 1 45 3 4 23 7,080 1.38 n.a. n.a. 1,550 140 .30 .03 13 14 300 .06 9 1,300 340 3,170 280 3,000 .25 .07 .62 .05 .59 8 17 7 29 4 2,480 340 .48 .07 5 10 6 1 510 .10 n.a. n.a. 3,130 .61 n.a. n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 68 ft 3 ft 1 2 ft 3 ft 9 Table 18. Insurance agents, brokers, and services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 64) Occupation Employment' Service occupations..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Protective service occupations.................................................. Food and beverage preparation and service workers.................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... All other service w orkers.......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations.................. ; ......................................................... Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Inspectors and related occupations......................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Precision printing workers......................................................... Job printers............................................................................. Transportation equipment operators........................................ Helpers - laborers and material movers, h a n d .......................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,940 0.77 n.a. n.a. 230 200 .04 .04 20 n.a. (3) n.a. 90 .02 32 (3) 2,840 .55 n.a. n.a. 2,680 .52 6 6 160 580 .03 .11 33 n.a. (3) n.a. 250 250 .05 .05 n.a. 18 n.a. 0 1,280 80 430 160 160 170 .25 .02 .08 .03 .03 .03 n.a. 40 n.a. n.a. 21 n.a. n.a. 0 n.a. n.a. (*) n.a. 220 .04 n.a. n.a. 220 .04 n.a. n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 69 Table 19. Real estate: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 65) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 11.08 2.79 n.a. 3 n.a. 27 860 570 .08 .05 8 11 2 1 2,120 3,510 .20 .33 8 10 3 3 44,730 8,930 14,970 12,080 4.23 .84 1.41 1.14 4 9 4 6 17 5 13 7 44,730 19,470 4.23 1.84 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 13,610 140 12,600 330 540 1.29 .01 1.19 .03 .05 n.a. 36 4 12 n.a. n.a. (3) 12 *1 n.a. 320 110 .03 .01 14 32 1 (3) 410 400 640 3,980 1,120 170 950 500 300 130 .04 .04 .06 .38 .11 .02 .09 .05 .03 .01 20 17 18 n.a. n.a. 35 16 16 16 41 1 1 1 n.a. n.a. (3) 1 1 1 2,040 1,490 .19 .14 n.a. 10 n.a. 2 150 .01 43 (3) 400 .04 48 (3) 1,390 .13 n.a. n.a. 340 750 300 510 .03 .07 .03 .05 14 10 13 n.a. 1 1 1 n.a. 220 290 .02 .03 n.a. n.a. 160 1,400 240 4,530 5,680 .02 .13 .02 .43 .54 n.a. 18 16 5 4 n.a. 1 (3) 3 4 680 730 530 .06 .07 .05 n.a. 25 26 n.a. (3) 0 Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l................................................................................ 1,058,070 100 00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers............................................ Property and real estate managers and administrators........................................................................... Food service and lodging managers........................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 117,240 29,470 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Underwriters.......................................................................... Accountants and auditors..................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Special agents, insurance....................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................ Construction and building inspectors..................................... All other management support workers................................ Engineers ................................................................................... Safety engineers, except mining............................................ All other engineers.................................................................. Architects, except landscape and marine................................ Landscape architects ................................................................ Surveying and mapping scientists............................................ Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Drafters.................................................................................... Surveying and mapping technicians and technologists......................................................................... All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aides.................................................. Mathematical scientists and related workers........................... Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer..................................................... Mathematical scientists............................................................. Social scientists, including urban and regional planners................................................................................... Lawyers...................................................................................... Paralegal personnel................................................................... Title searchers........................................................................... Title examiners and abstractors................................................ All other legal assistants and technicians, except clerical.......................................................................... Registered nurses...................................................................... Licensed practical nurses......................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 70 22 0 O Table 19. Real estate: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984— Continued (SIC 65) Occupation All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians........................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers ................................................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations ................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales representatives and salespersons, services.................................................................................... Sales agents and placers, insurance.................................... Brokers, real estate................................................................. Sales agents, real e sta te ....................................................... Appraisers, real estate............................................................ All other sales representatives and salespersons, service........................................................... All other sales and related w orkers......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Loan interviewers....................................................................... Credit checkers.......................................................................... Loan and credit clerks............................................................... Adjustment clerks....................................................................... Selected insurance workers ..................................................... Bill and account collectors ....................................................... Real estate clerks...................................................................... Legal secretaries........................................................................ All other secretaries................................................................... Stenographers........................................................................... Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... T ypists........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. Correspondence clerks ............................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Mail clerks, except mail machine operators and postal service.......................................................................... Messengers................................................................................ Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing w orkers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers ..................................................................................... Service occupations..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Guards and watch guards......................................................... Employment’ Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,940 0.18 23 700 .07 11 1 2,680 .25 n.a. n.a. 181,540 17.16 n.a. n.a. 34,870 3.30 3 25 142,250 4,150 31,420 89,870 10,920 13.44 .39 2.97 8.49 1.03 n.a. 10 3 3 8 n.a. 3 19 18 4 5,890 4,420 .56 .42 9 12 3 2 235,980 22.30 n.a. n.a. 5,590 170 130 4,860 220 400 820 18,460 800 61,100 2,260 26,030 6,140 4,420 .53 .02 .01 .46 .02 .04 .08 1.74 .08 5.77 .21 2.46 .58 .42 6 34 48 9 26 n.a. 15 7 19 2 12 4 5 6 6 (3) (3) 3 (3) n.a. 1 11 1 42 2 19 5 4 320 380 780 44,540 2,780 400 37,320 .03 .04 .07 4.21 .26 .04 3.53 11 29 10 2 6 16 3 1 (3) 1 37 5 1 25 4,440 .42 n.a. n.a. 700 3,040 700 7,600 .07 .29 .07 .72 10 7 n.a. 8 1 3 n.a. 6 480 1,180 .05 .11 13 13 1 2 860 .08 n.a. n.a. 470 .04 13 1 390 .04 32 3,500 .33 n.a. n.a. 223,380 21.11 n.a. n.a. 8,100 43,880 .77 4.15 6 4 4 11 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 71 0 0 Table 19. Real estate: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984— Continued (SIC 65) Occupation Employment' All other protective service workers......................................... Food and beverage preparation and service w orkers.................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. Elevator operators................................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................... All other service workers .......................................................... Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,600 0.15 n.a. n.a. 19,160 1.81 8 3 138,290 13.07 n.a. n.a. 105,820 6,950 10.00 .66 3 12 30 1 25,520 12,350 2.41 1.17 6 n.a. 7 n.a. 76,240 75,260 7.21 7.11 n.a. 3 n.a. 28 980 .09 35 0 178,960 16.91 n.a. n.a. 7,820 .74 n.a. n.a. 3,510 .33 8 2 270 .03 26 (3) 4,040 130 125,120 122,630 2,490 .38 .01 11.83 11.59 .24 9 38 22 2 21 4 0 44 43 1 24,440 11,150 1,220 2.31 1.05 .12 n.a. 7 12 n.a. 6 1 11,380 1.08 6 7 690 .07 15 1 2,270 .21 16 1 150 1,850 1,300 550 .01 .17 .12 05 38 n.a. 23 28 n.a. 1 1,990 250 .19 .02 13 33 3,600 2,170 .34 .21 12 19 1 1 8,870 .84 10 3 300 .03 n.a. n.a. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations.............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................ Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations.............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related...................................................... Inspectors and related occupations......................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Electricians............................................................................... Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................ All other construction and extractive workers, except helpers......................................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, operators and tenders............................................................................. Plant and system workers ........................................................ Stationary engineers............................................................... All other plant and system operators.................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route w orkers................................................................... Aircraft pilots and flight engineers............................................ All other transportation and material moving equipment operators............................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d ........................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations.............................................................................. Percent of total employment 0 0 2 0 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other" categories. are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 3 Less than 0.5 percent, n.a. = not available. 72 Estimated Table 20. Combined real estate, insurance, loan, and law offices: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 66) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 14,860 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Selected staff and administrative specialty managerial occupations.......................................................... Property and real estate managers and administrators.......................................................................... General managers and top executives.................................... 1,270 8.55 n.a. n.a. 440 2.96 n.a. n.a. 670 160 4.51 1.08 5 10 25 5 1,070 800 7.20 5.38 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 800 680 120 5.38 4.58 .81 n.a. 7 n.a. n.a. 16 n.a. 150 1.01 n.a. n.a. 120 .81 n.a. n.a. 5,730 38.56 n.a. n.a. 510 3.43 7 16 5,220 2,260 920 1,830 130 35.13 15.21 6.19 12.31 .87 n.a. 3 4 6 10 n.a. 59 35 24 7 80 .54 20 1 5,600 70 37.69 .47 n.a. 33 n.a. 1 100 130 .67 .87 17 18 3 2 70 270 1,690 590 250 90 920 1,060 .47 1.82 11.37 3.97 1.68 .61 6.19 7.13 n.a. 8 n.a. 9 9 13 3 5 n.a. 11 n.a. 20 11 5 45 29 120 60 .81 .40 n.a. 14 n.a. 3 180 1.21 n.a. n.a. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers.................................................. Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Underwriters......................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Legal assistants and technicians, except clerical...................................................................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations ................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales representatives and salespersons, services.................................................................................... Sales agents and placers, insurance .................................... Brokers, real estate................................................................. Sales agents, real e sta te ....................................................... Appraisers, real estate............................................................ All other sales representatives and salespersons, service........................................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. Loan and credit clerks............................................................... Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators............................................................................ Insurance policy processing clerks........................................... All other insurance examiners, appraisers, and clerks........................................................................................ Real estate clerks...................................................................... Secretaries................................................................................. Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Switchboard operators .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers .................................................................................... Service occupations ..................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. All other service workers .......................................................... 730 4.91 n.a. n.a. 630 100 4.24 .67 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. 40 .27 n.a. n.a. Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... 420 270 2.83 1.82 n.a. 14 n.a. 5 See footnotes at end of table. 73 Table 20. Combined real estate, insurance, loan, and law offices: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 66) Occupation Employment1 Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 270 1.82 14 5 150 1.01 n.a. n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 74 Services This industry division includes establishments which provide a wide variety of services for individuals, businesses, government, and other organizations. In 1984, services employed approximately 15 million workers or 58 percent of the workers covered by the survey. The largest industry segment in services was business services, with 27 percent of employment. Health services, except hospitals, employed over 3 million workers, or 20 percent of employment in this in dustry division. 9.3 percent. Employment of maids and housekeeping cleaners declined by 7.5 percent. Personal services Establishments in this industry (sic 72) provide serv ices generally involving care of the person or of apparel. They include laundries, drycleaning plants, portrait photographic studios, and beauty and barber shops. As shown in table 22, the personal services industry employed 1 million workers, which accounted for 6.6 per cent of total services employment. The service occupa tional group was the largest in personal services, with 366,880 workers, or about 37 percent of industry employ ment. Other occupational groups with large numbers of workers in this industry included: Production and related workers, with 26.6 percent of employment; professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, with 13 percent; sales workers, with 10.5 percent; and clerical workers, with about 10 percent. In 1984, 60,810 counter and rental clerks, as well as 14,860 cashiers, were classified in the sales group. They were previously classified in the clerical occupations. Data from 1984 also include 3,160 first-line sales super visors who were previously classified in the managerial group and are currently included in the sales group. Funeral directors and morticians, numbering 22,060 in 1984, who were previously classified in the managerial category, appear in the professional group. The tabulation below lists the five most populous oc cupations in the industry. Hotels and other lodging places This industry (sic 70) includes commercial and in dustrial establishments furnishing lodging, lodging and meals, and camping space and facilities on a fee basis. In 1984, these establishments employed over 1.2 million workers, constituting nearly 5 percent of all workers covered by the survey and 8 percent of the workers employed in services. The largest occupational group in hotels and other lodging places consisted of 825,770 service workers, ac counting for 65 percent of total employment (table 21). Other occupations were distributed as follows: Clerical and administrative support workers, 14.4 percent; pro duction and related workers, 6.8 percent; managerial and administrative workers, 5.5 percent; sales workers, 4.5 percent; and professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, 2.6 percent. The sales group included 31,530 cashiers and 8,330 first-line sales supervisors in 1984. These occupations were previously classified under the clerical and managerial groups, respectively. The five most populous occupations in hotels and other lodging places, which together accounted for 48 percent of total employment, are listed in the tabulation below: Maids and housekeeping cleaners----Waiters and waitresses. H otel desk c le r k s ......... Cooks, restaurant . . . . First-line supervisors, service......................... E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in d u stry em p lo ym en t, 1984 P ercen t change in em p lo ym en t, 1981-84 247,010 164,200 97,360 51,360 19.5 13.0 7.7 4.1 -7.5 9.3 10.7 20.1 48,390 3.8 0 Hairdressers, hair stylists, and cosm etologists......... Counter and rental c le r k s ......................... Pressing machine operators, textile and related ................ Laundry and drycleaning machine operators, except pressing ..................... Receptionists and information clerks . . 1 Because o f changes in the survey classification system, data for 1981 and 1984 are not comparable. P ercen t change in e m p lo ym en t, 1981-84 256,000 25.5 (1) 60,810 6.1 7.5 45,340 4.5 0 43,790 4.4 0) 35,330 3.5 52.7 1 Because o f changes in the survey classification system , data for 1981 and 1984 are not comparable. Employment of restaurant cooks increased by 20 per cent between 1981 and 1984. Hotel desk clerks increased by 10.7 percent, and waiters and waitresses increased by E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in du stry em p lo ym en t, 1984 Between 1981 and 1984, employment of receptionists and information clerks in the personal services industry in75 help supply industry, which grew rapidly between 1981 and 1984. During the 1983-84 recovery, firms may have sought to reduce unit labor costs by substituting tem porary help for permanent employees. The five most populous occupations in business serv ices are listed below: creased by 52.7 percent. Employment of counter and rental clerks increased by 7.5 percent. Business services Establishments in this industry (sic 73) render services to business establishments on a fee or contract basis. These services include advertising; mailing serv ices; building maintenance services; employment and per sonnel supply services; management and consulting ser vices; protective services; equipment rental and leasing; and commercial research, development, and testing. Business services employed approximately 4 million workers in 1984, or 16 percent of all workers covered by the survey and 27 percent of the workers in the services industries. As shown in table 23, the largest occupational group in business services consisted of 1.1 million clerical workers, who accounted for 28 percent of industry employment. Service workers constituted 26 percent. The third largest occupational group was made up of 771,460 professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, with almost 19 percent of total employment. Production and related workers ranked fourth with 14 percent. The remaining employment was distributed as follows: Managerial and administrative workers, with 6.9 percent; and sales workers, with 5.3 percent. In 1984, the sales group included 29,300 first-line sales supervisors, previously classified in the managerial group, and 3,130 sales engineers, who had previously been classified in the professional category. The sales group also included 23,180 counter and rental clerks and 7,780 cashiers. These occupations were classified in the clerical group in previous surveys. Employment changes since 1981 for each 3-digit sic in dustry making up business services are given in text table 5. T e x t t a b le 5 . B u s i n e s s s e r v ic e s : 1 9 8 1 -8 4 Industry Advertising...................... Credit reporting and collection .................... Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic........ Building services ............ News syndicates ............ Personnel supply services ...................... Computer and data processing services Miscellaneous business services ...................... SIC code Janitors and cleaners, except maids and h o u s e k e e p in g ......... Guards and watch guards ....................... Secretaries..................... General o ffice clerks . General managers and top e x e c u tiv e s......... 1981 1984 156,870 183,560 17.0 732 76,080 80,100 5.3 733 734 735 127,290 519,280 7,070 161,930 613,300 8,110 27.2 18.1 14.7 736 604,450 813,630 34.6 737 331,990 468,740 41.2 739 1,440,290 1,714,890 19.1 10.8 47.2 384,020 171,970 145,430 9.4 4.2 3.6 25.1 36.7 27.3 109,420 2.7 0) Automotive repair, services, and garages This industry (sic 75) includes establishments fur nishing automotive repair, rental, leasing, and parking services to the general public. In 1984, automotive repair, services, and garages employed 677,880 workers, constituting 4 percent of services employment. The largest occupational group consisted of 477,010 production and related workers, accounting for 70 per cent of total employment in this industry (table 24). Sales workers, numbering 83,470, ranked second with about 12 percent. Clerical and administrative support workers made up 11 percent. First-line sales supervisors, numbering 18,930 in 1984, were reclassified from the managerial to the sales group. Occupations which were shifted from the clerical to the sales group included counter and rental clerks, numbering 25,910 in 1984, and cashiers, numbering 15,960. Data for 1984 include 38,070 first-line produc tion supervisors; there were only 6,830 nonworking pro duction supervisors employed in 1981. Part of the dif ference may have been due to the reclassification of some employees from the managerial group to the oc cupation of first-line production supervisor. The five largest occupations in automotive repair, services, and garages are listed on the following page. Together, they accounted for approximately 49 percent of total industry employment. Industry employment growth was led by computer and data processing services (SIC 737) and personnel supply services (sic 736). The growing use of minicom puters along with a wide variety of software packages, which reduced costs and increased potential uses of computer-related services, may account for the employ ment change in sic 737. About three-quarters of person nel supply services employment was in the temporary 438,080 This industry employed 47.2 percent more janitors and cleaners in 1984 than in 1981, mostly in building services. Employment of secretaries increased by 36.7 percent, and general office clerks increased by 27.3 per cent. Most of these workers were employed in the per sonnel supply services industry. Guards and watch guards increased by over 25 percent. Percent change, 1981-84 731 P e rc e n t ch a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t, 1 981-84 1 Because o f changes in the survey classification system , data for 1981 and 1984 are not com parable. E m p lo y m e n t b y in d u s try Employment E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 76 E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t 123,970 18.3 88,330 13.0 53,300 7.9 35,750 5.3 31,420 4.6 A u tom otive m ech a n ics.................. A utom otive body and related repairers............................ Vehicle washers and equipment c le a n e r s ..................... First-line supervisors, m echanics and rep airers............ Bus and truck m echanics and diesel engine sp ecia lists.............. tronic home entertainment equipment repairers each in creased by over 23 percent. Motion pictures This industry (sic 78) includes establishments produc ing and distributing motion pictures, exhibiting motion pictures in commercially operated theaters, and fur nishing services to the motion picture industry. In 1984, the motion picture industry employed 229,000 workers, or about 1.5 percent of the workers employed in total services. As shown in table 26, service workers, who totaled 65,100, made up the largest oc cupational group, with 28 percent of total industry employment. Other occupational groups were distributed as follows: Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, 23 percent of industry employ ment; sales workers, 14 percent; production and related workers, 12 percent; clerical and administrative support workers, 11.8 percent; and managerial and ad ministrative workers, 10 percent. In 1984, cashiers were classified in the sales category, while in 1981, they were included with clerical workers. Employment in this occupation was 22,950 in 1984. The five most populous occupations in the motion picture industry, accounting for 50 percent of total in dustry employment, are listed in the tabulation below: Miscellaneous repair services Establishments in this industry (Sic 76) are engaged in electrical repair; watch, clock, and jewelry repair; reupholstery and furniture repair; and other miscellaneous repair and services. These establishments employed 311,060 workers in 1984, accounting for 2 percent of services employment. Production and related workers, numbering 209,620, constituted the largest occupational group in the in dustry, with 67 percent of total employment (table 25). Clerical and administrative support workers, with 47,170, and sales workers, with 26,710, made up 15 per cent and 8.6 percent, respectively. First-line sales supervisors, numbering 8,600 in 1984, were previously classified under the managerial group. In addition, 1,010 cashiers and 320 counter and rental clerks were classified as sales workers; they had been in cluded in clerical occupations in 1981. There were 14,090 first-line production supervisors in 1984, while there were 2,360 nonworking supervisors in 1981. Part of this difference may have been due to a shift of some employees from the managerial group to the occupation of first-line supervisor. The five largest occupations in miscellaneous repair services, which together accounted for one-fourth of total industry employment, are as follows: W elders and cutters .. Electric m otor, transform er, and related repairers .................. Electronic hom e entertainm ent equipm ent repairers .................. First-line supervisors, m echanics and repairers .................. General o ffice clerks . E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t c h a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t, 1981-84 21,670 7.0 23.5 15,410 5.0 34.6 13,890 4.5 23.1 13,120 13,120 4.2 4.2 0) 42.9 Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket ta k e r s......................... Producers, directors, actors, and other en tertain ers.............. C ash iers......................... Counter attendants, lunchroom , coffee shop, or cafeteria . . Janitors and cleaners, except m aids and h o u se k e e p in g ......... E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t o f in d u stry e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t ch a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t, 1981-84 28,440 12.4 2.1 24,880 22,950 10.9 10.0 15.1 13.7 14,770 6.4 138.6 8,840 3.9 -2 0 .0 Employment of janitors and cleaners declined by 20 percent between 1981 and 1984. During the same period, employment of lunchroom, coffee shop, and cafeteria counter attendants increased by 138.6 percent. Producers, directors, actors, and other entertainers in creased by over 15 percent, while cashiers increased by 13.7 percent. The number of ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers increased by about 2 percent. 1 Because o f changes in the survey classification system , data for ’ 981 and 1984 are not com parable. Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures Between 1981 and 1984, employment of general office clerks increased by almost 43 percent. The number of electric motor, transformer, and related repairers in creased by 34.6 percent. Welders and cutters and elec Establishments in this industry (sic 79) provide amusement or entertainment for a fee or admission charge. Such establishments include dance halls, theatrical producers, bowling alleys, and golf courses. 77 in 1984, accounting for 11.7 percent of surveyed employ ment and 20 percent of services employment (table 28). Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers numbered 1.1 million. There were also about the same number of service workers; each of these occupational groups accounted for about 36 percent of industry employment. Other major occupational groups included: Clerical and administrative support workers, 20.7 per cent; managerial and administrative occupations, 3.4 per cent; production and related occupations, 3.1 percent; and sales workers, less than 1 percent. In 1984, the health services industry employed 9,000 cashiers, who were classified among sales workers. This occupation was included with clerical workers in previous surveys. There were 23,870 first-line service supervisors in 1984 classified in the service group, whereas there were only 2,090 nonworking service supervisors employed in 1981. Part of the difference may have resulted from the reclassification of some first-line supervisors as managerial employees in 1984. The service occupational group in 1984 also included 136,630 dental assistants, who were previously included with technical workers. Physical and corrective therapy assistants and aides, numbering 15,670 in 1984, were reclassified from the technical to the service occupa tional group. Dispensing and measuring opticians, numbering 19,570 in 1984, were shifted from the maintenance, construction, repair, material handling, and powerplant occupational category to the profes sional, paraprofessional, and technical group. The five most populous occupations in the health serv ices, except hospitals, are listed in the tabulation below: Amusement and recreation services employed 791,470 persons in 1984, accounting for 5 percent of services employment. As shown in table 27, the largest occupa tional group in amusement and recreation services con sisted of 372,820 service workers or 47 percent of total industry employment. Other occupational groups were distributed as follows: Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, 17.3 percent; sales workers, 8.3 percent; clerical and administrative support workers, 7.7 percent; production and related workers, 7.5 per cent; and managerial and administrative workers, 5.4 percent. The 1984 data included 1,730 first-line sales super visors in the sales group who were previously classified in the managerial category. Cashiers and counter and rental clerks, numbering 49,100 and 3,600, respectively, in 1984, were included in the sales group. These occupa tions were classified among the clerical occupations in 1981. Also, the 1984 survey distinguished between pro duction and related occupations and agricultural, forestry, fishing, and related occupations whereas these occupations were combined under maintenance, con struction, repair, material handling, and power plant occupations in 1981. The five most populous occupations in amusement and recreation services, in order of predominance, are listed below: A m usem ent and recreation attendants ........................... W aiters and waitresses C a sh iers......................... Gardeners and groundskeepers, except fa r m .................. Musicians, instrumental E m p lo y m e n t, 198 4 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t, 198 4 P ercen t ch a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t, 1981-84 95,610 61,560 49,100 12.1 7.8 6.2 0) 0.8 25.4 44,490 30,710 5.6 3.9 1.9 -2 .8 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants Physicians and surgeons . . . . . . . . Registered n u r s e s ___ Licensed practical n u rses......................... Receptionists and inform ation clerks . 1 Because o f changes in the survey classification system , data for 1981 and 1984 are not com parable. The number of cashiers employed in this industry in creased by 25.4 percent between 1981 and 1984. Gardeners and groundskeepers increased by 2 percent while employment of waiters and waitresses increased by 1 percent. The number of instrumental musicians declined by almost 3 percent during the period. P ercen t ch a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t, 1 981-84 497,460 16.2 1.9 209,990 209,940 6.8 6.8 22.1 13.9 173,440 5.7 28.3 163,080 5.3 31.3 Employment of registered nurses increased by over 39 percent between 1981 and 1984. The number of recep tionists and information clerks also increased by over 31 percent. There were 28 percent more licensed practical nurses, and physicians and surgeons increased by more than 22 percent. There were 2 percent more workers employed as nurses aides, orderlies, and attendants be tween 1981 and 1984. Health services, except hospitals This industry (sic 80, except 806) includes licensed practitioners who provide health care in their offices, nursing and personal care facilities, medical laboratories, outpatient care facilities, and other allied services. These health services employed over 3 million workers E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 Legal services Establishments in this industry (sic 81) are headed by members of the bar and offer legal advice and service. 78 teachers increased from 84,380 to 145,910 in the profes sional group. Also in the professional category were 89,470 social workers and 32,070 social service techni cians in 1984. In 1981, there were 57,230 caseworkers in the professional group and no social service technicians. In the service occupational group, 1984 data include 11,770 first-line service supervisors, whereas there were only 3,440 nonworking service supervisors in 1981. Some of the difference may have resulted from the reclassification of some managerial occupations to the occupation of first-line service supervisor between 1981 and 1984. The five most populous occupations in social services are listed in the tabulation below: These establishments employed 634,470 persons in 1984, or 4 percent of the workers employed in services. About 98 percent of total employment in legal services was accounted for by two major occupational groups. Clerical workers, numbering 339,760, made up nearly 54 percent (table 29). Professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, numbering 277,330, ranked second with 44 percent of legal services employment. The five largest occupations in this industry, which together accounted for 77 percent of total industry employment, are listed in the tabulation below: L a w y ers....................... Legal secreta ries----Paralegal personnel . B ookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks . . . Law c le r k s.................. E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t ch a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t, 1981-84 206,810 199,360 37,950 32.6 31.4 6.0 46.9 23,390 22,040 3.7 3.5 (1) 22.8 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t 143,130 85,870 11.6 7.0 71,370 5.8 57,100 47,240 4.6 3.8 Teachers, preschool and kindergarten..................................... Child care workers ........................... T eachers’ aides and educational assistants, c le r ic a l......................... Social workers, except medical and p s y c h ia tr ic .............. H om e health a id e s.............................. 32.4 15.6 1 Because o f changes in the survey classification system , data for 1981 and 1984 are not com parable. The number of lawyers employed in the legal services industry increased by 47 percent between 1981 and 1984. Employment of bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks increased by 32.4 percent; paralegal personnel in creased by almost 23 percent; law clerks increased by 15.6 percent; and the number of legal secretaries in creased by almost 5 percent. Museums and botanical and zoological gardens This industry (sic 84) includes museums, art galleries, and botanical and zoological gardens which are not operated commercially. In 1984, these establishments employed 39,230 workers. As shown in table 31, occupational employ ment was as follows: Service occupations accounted for 10,870 workers, or 27.7 percent of industry employ ment; professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, 25.2 percent; clerical workers, 16.7 percent; managerial and sales occupations, 8.7 and 9 percent respectively; and production workers, 6.6 percent. The five largest occupations in museums and botanical and zoological gardens are listed below: Social services This industry (SIC 83) consists of establishments pro viding social and rehabilitation services to persons with social or personal problems, the handicapped, or the disadvantaged. Organizations soliciting funds to be used directly for these and related services are included. Social services employed 1.2 million persons in 1984, accounting for 4.7 percent of surveyed employment and 8 percent of services employment. As shown in table 30, the largest occupational group was made up of 446,980 professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, or 36 percent of all workers employed in social services. Service occupations, totaling 356,950, constituted 29 percent of industry employment. The third largest oc cupational group consisted of 214,660 clerical workers, with 17.4 percent of industry employment. Production and related workers accounted for 8.6 percent; managerial and administrative occupations, 7.6 percent; and sales workers, only 1 percent. The 1984 data include 2,350 first-line sales super visors and 3,350 cashiers in the sales group. These oc cupations were previously classified in the managerial and clerical groups, respectively. Between 1981 and 1984, the number of elementary and/or preschool E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 Guards and watch guards ....................... G u id e s ........................... Curators, archivists, m useum technicians, and restorers C ash iers......................... Secretaries.................... E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P e rc e n t ch a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t, 1981-84 3,660 3,390 9.3 8.6 7.3 -1 1 .9 3,360 2,160 2,140 8.6 5.5 5.5 31.2 170.0 39.0 Between 1981 and 1984, employment of cashiers in creased 170 percent. The number of secretaries increased by 39 percent; and employment of curators, archivists, museum technicians, and restorers increased by over 31 percent. The number of guards and watch guards in79 workers in 1984, accounting for 7.7 percent of services employment. As shown in table 33, the largest occupa tional group consisted of professional, paraprofes sional, and technical workers, numbering 742,660, or 64 percent of the workers employed in miscellaneous serv ices. Clerical workers, totaling 279,690, ranked second with 24 percent. Managerial and administrative workers made up 6.4 percent of industry employment. The re maining occupational employment was distributed as follows: Production and related workers, 3 percent; and service and sales workers, 1 percent each. The 1984 sales group data include 1,270 first-line sales supervisors and 3,160 sales engineers. These occupa tions were previously classified in the managerial and professional categories, respectively. In the professional and technical occupational group, the number of ac countants and auditors increased from 44,800 to 172,440 between 1981 and 1984. The five most populous occupations in miscellaneous services are listed below: creased by 7.3 percent, while employment of guides declined by almost 12 percent. Membership organizations, except religious organizations This industry (sic 86, except 866) includes organiza tions operating on a membership basis to promote the interests of its members. Such organizations include trade associations; professional membership organiza tions; labor unions and similar labor organizations; civic, social, and fraternal associations; and political organizations. In 1984, membership organizations employed 647,430 workers or 4.3 percent of all workers employed in serv ices. Clerical and administrative support workers, number ing 176,630, made up the largest occupational group, with 27.3 percent of total membership organization employment (table 32). This group was followed by pro fessional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, with 26.6 percent; and service workers, with 23.7 percent. The five most populous occupations in membership organizations, other than religious groups are listed in the tabulation below: S e c r e ta r ie s......................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations sp e c ia lists..................... B a rten d ers......................................... General managers and top e x ec u tiv es....................................... General o ffice cle rk ......................... E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t 54,730 8.5 43,460 38,020 6.7 5.9 30,430 28,540 4.7 4.4 A ccountants and a u d ito r s................ D r a fter s..................... Secretaries. . . . . . . . Civil engineers, including traffic . B ookkeeping, acaccounting and auditing clerks .. P e rc e n t ch a n g e in e m p lo y m e n t, 1981-84 172,440 107,000 84,590 14.9 9.2 7.3 19.1 7.4 25.9 67,310 5.8 36.5 52,920 4.6 28.0 The rate of increase of accountant and auditor employment between 1981 and 1984 was 285 percent. The number of civil engineers increased by 36.5 percent. Employment of bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks increased by 28 percent, and the number of secretaries increased by about 26 percent. The number of workers employed as drafters increased by 7.4 per cent during the period. Miscellaneous services Establishments in this industry (sic 89) perform serv ices such as those rendered by engineers, architects, ac countants, artists, lecturers, and writers. These establishments employed more than 1.1 million E m p lo y m e n t, 1984 P ercen t o f in d u s tr y e m p lo y m e n t, 1984 80 Table 21. Hotels and other lodging places: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 70) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 5.54 .58 n.a. 7 n.a. 31 2,260 1,400 .18 .11 6 6 15 12 3,430 1,710 34,540 10,470 9,020 .27 .13 2.72 .83 .71 5 9 3 5 8 17 7 64 36 14 32,460 14,290 2.56 1.13 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 9,900 8,970 390 540 .78 .71 .03 .04 n.a. 5 13 14 n.a. 26 2 2 1,420 .11 12 8 1,070 .08 7 7 340 1,560 1,680 .03 .12 .13 16 n.a. 9 1 n.a. 6 1,360 .11 10 3 1,020 .08 n.a. n.a. 350 430 240 6,970 .03 .03 .02 .55 13 18 14 6 2 2 1 8 1,120 420 340 290 .09 .03 .03 .02 26 23 17 41 870 .07 33 1 620 .05 11 3 220 1,230 560 .02 .10 .04 23 18 25 1 2 (3) 1,470 .12 n.a. n.a. 57,130 4.51 n.a. n.a. 8,330 .66 7 25 10,600 8,380 .84 .66 n.a. 7 n.a. 19 2,220 5,330 31,530 1,340 .18 .42 2.49 .11 17 8 4 15 6 9 33 3 Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l................................................................................ 1,267,930 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ........,................................... Food service and lodging managers........................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 70,210 7,380 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers.................................................. Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors.................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Compliance officers and enforcement inspectors, except construction........................................... All other management support workers................................ Engineers................................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aides.................................................. Recreation workers.................................................................... Instructors and coaches, sports and physical training......................................................................... All other teachers and instructors ............................................ Registered nurses...................................................................... Licensed practical nurses......................................................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians........................................... Public relations specialists and publicity w riters................................................................ Music directors, singers, composers, and related workers....................................................................... Musicians, instrumental............................................................. Dancers and choreographers................................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................... Sales and related occupations ................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales representatives and salespersons, services.................................................................................... Sales agents, selected business services............................ All other sales representatives and salespersons, service........................................................... Salespersons, retail ................................................................... Cashiers...................................................................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... See footnotes at end of table. 81 2 0 2 1 Table 21. Hotels and other lodging places: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 70) Occupation Clerical and administrative support occupations.............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Adjustment clerks....................................................................... Travel c le rks............................................................................... Hotel desk cle rks....................................................................... Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers............................................................................ Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... T ypists........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping.............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service...................................................................................... Procurement clerks.................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks....................................................... General office c le rk s ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators....................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment.............................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators.............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers.................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .......................................................................... Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks..................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... Service occupations..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Housekeepers ............................................................................. All other service supervisors and manager/supervisors.............................................................. Detectives and investigators, except public............................. Guards and watch guards......................................................... All other protective service workers......................................... Food and beverage preparation and service workers.................................................................................... Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge or coffee s h o p ........................................................................... Bartenders............................................................................... Waiters and waitresses.......................................................... Food servers, outside............................................................. Dining room and cafeteria attendants, and bartender helpers................................................................. Counter attendants, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria...................................................... Bakers, bread and pastry........................................................ Butchers and meat cu tte rs..................................................... Cooks, restaurant.................................................................... Cooks, institution or cafeteria................................................. Cooks, specialty fast fo o d ...................................................... Cooks, short o rd e r.................................................................. Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 182,020 14.36 n.a. n.a. 6,940 750 2,560 97,360 16,240 260 6,010 1,300 580 .55 .06 .20 7.68 1.28 .02 47 10 05 4 14 11 2 4 14 16 10 11 20 3 6 72 36 1 11 5 4 1,250 510 .10 .04 5 10 9 3 580 650 18,220 4,620 790 5,240 .05 .05 1.44 .36 .06 .41 8 7 3 7 9 10 3 5 42 18 4 13 1,770 .14 n.a. n.a. 610 .05 13 2 470 390 300 10,660 .04 .03 .02 .84 11 16 n.a. 4 2 2 n.a. 19 4,030 .32 n.a. n.a. 2,660 .21 5 11 1,190 .09 14 5 180 .01 26 1 1,700 .13 n.a. n.a. 825,770 65.13 n.a. n.a. 48,390 34,610 3.82 2.73 n.a. 5 n.a. 57 13,780 2,060 15,880 1,110 1.09 .16 1.25 .09 9 10 4 17 14 4 22 2 414,710 32.71 n.a. n.a. 16,640 38,850 164,200 17,440 1.31 3.06 12.95 1.38 3 3 2 5 31 43 49 13 44,560 3.51 3 32 3,620 3,170 940 51,360 4,300 1,400 3,370 .29 .25 .07 4.05 .34 .11 .27 8 5 6 2 7 14 9 7 11 6 47 11 3 6 Employment1 See footnotes at end of table. 82 Table 21. Hotels and other lodging places: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 70) Occupation Food preparation workers...................................................... Combined food preparation and service workers................. All other food service w orkers............................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Maids and housekeeping cleaners........................................ Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. Elevator operators................................................................... Ail other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists ......................... Amusement and recreation attendants.................................... Baggage porters and bellhops.................................................. All other service workers.......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................ Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related...................................................... Inspectors and related occupations ......................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Automotive mechanics ........................................................... Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers...................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........................................................................... All other construction and extractive workers, except helpers......................................................................... Precision production occupations............................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Laundry and drycleaning machine operators and tenders, except pressing ..................................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and p la stic...................................................... Hand working occupations, including assemblers and fabricators......................................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................ Stationary engineers............................................................... Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 40,960 6,160 17,740 3.23 .49 1.40 3 12 5 37 7 14 294,180 247,010 23.20 19.48 n.a. 2 n.a. 80 40,060 460 3.16 .04 4 26 42 1 6,650 300 21,670 21,240 6,230 .52 .02 1.71 1.68 .49 7 28 12 3 n.a. 7 1 6 26 n.a. 14,100 13,800 1.11 1.09 n.a. 5 n.a. 28 300 .02 38 1 86,240 6.80 n.a. n.a. 2,460 .19 n.a. n.a. 810 .06 11 3 250 .02 17 1 1,400 240 41,380 38,300 470 .11 .02 3.26 3.02 .04 9 23 33 3 10 8 1 70 60 2 1,030 1,580 .08 .12 7 14 5 3 6,040 1,730 1,100 .48 .14 .09 n.a. 7 7 n.a. 7 5 2,560 .20 7 9 650 .05 10 3 710 240 .06 .02 11 29 1 1 21,510 1.70 n.a. n.a. 20,610 1.63 3 33 240 .02 16 1 660 .05 19 1 630 1,500 1,360 .05 .12 .11 20 n.a. 11 2 n.a. 3 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 83 Table 21. Hotels and other lodging places: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 70) Occupation Employment1 All other plant and system operators.................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ Bus drivers .............................................................................. Taxi drivers and chauffeurs .................................................... All other motor vehicle operators .......................................... Parking lot attendants ............................................................... All other transportation and material moving equipment operators............................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand.............................. All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .......................................................................... Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 140 4,060 0.01 .32 24 n.a. 1 n.a. 700 650 2,430 280 3,220 .06 .05 .19 .02 .25 21 15 10 17 9 2 1 5 1 4 920 620 .07 .05 37 14 1 1 2,710 21 13 4 are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment 84 Table 22. Personal services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 72) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 1,002,860 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 30,220 10,330 3.01 1.03 n.a. 3 n.a. 12 710 260 .07 .03 8 8 1 1 1,960 550 10,600 5,810 .20 .05 1.06 .58 6 9 3 5 3 1 10 4 130,030 23,490 12.97 2.34 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 22,450 17,970 4,200 280 2.24 1.79 .42 .03 n.a. 9 6 n.a. n.a. 2 4 n.a. 160 .02 10 360 520 310 .04 .05 .03 12 n.a. 10 110 .01 16 (3) 840 .08 n.a. n.a. 140 580 120 11,570 .01 .06 .01 1.15 15 17 14 7 (3) 1 (3) 1 33,920 8,020 2,060 1,170 620 1,010 3.38 .80 .21 .12 .06 .10 4 9 13 20 18 28 4 2 1 (3) (3) (3) 1,240 15,100 22,060 6,970 .12 1.51 2.20 .70 19 3 1 3 (3) 5 12 6 1,540 .15 n.a. n.a. 105,280 10.50 n.a. n.a. 3,160 .32 7 2 430 .04 17 (3) 11,700 60,810 14,860 14,320 1.17 6.06 1.48 1.43 5 2 5 4 5 13 5 3 100,840 10.06 n.a. n.a. 2,310 .23 6 3 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers.................................................. Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Tax preparers....................................................................... Accountants and auditors.................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. All other management support workers................................ Engineers................................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aides................................................. Lecturers .................................................................................... Instructors and coaches, sports and physical training......................................................................... All other teachers and instructors ............................................ Registered nurses...................................................................... Licensed practical nurses......................................................... Dietitians and nutritionists........................................................ Dietetic technicians.................................................................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians........................................... Photographers........................................................................... Funeral directors and morticians .............................................. Embalmers................................................................................. All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................... Sales and related occupations ................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail...................................... Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................. Counter and rental cle rk s ......................................................... Cashiers...................................................................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... See footnotes at end of table. 85 0 (3) n.a. 1 Table 22. Personal services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 72) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Relative error (in percentage)2 Secretaries................................................................................. Receptionists and information cle rks ....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping.............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service...................................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators....................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment.............................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... 12,530 35,330 1,680 590 1.25 3.52 .17 .06 2 2 10 16 14 22 2 1 180 620 .02 .06 11 24 0 3,730 14,090 2,950 330 15,650 .37 1.40 29 03 1.56 8 3 5 12 3 2 15 4 (3) 12 1,690 .17 n.a. n.a. 180 .02 15 (3) 500 760 250 660 .05 .08 .02 .07 20 11 n.a. 11 1 1 n.a. 1 4,140 .41 n.a. n.a. 2,420 .24 8 2 1,720 .17 18 1 4,360 .43 n.a. n.a. Service occupations ..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Guards and watch guards......................................................... Food and beverage preparation and service workers.................................................................................... Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians............................................. Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Maids and housekeeping cleaners........................................ Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households................................... Barbers....................................................................................... Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists ......................... Manicurists................................................................................. Shampooers............................................................................... Child care workers..................................................................... Funeral attendants..................................................................... All other service w orkers.......................................................... 366,880 36.58 n.a. n.a. 16,230 640 1.62 .06 3 21 11 (3) 1,600 .16 17 f) 720 .07 14 (3) 27,410 5,760 2.73 .57 n.a. 5 n.a. 5 19,500 1.94 4 13 2,150 18,480 256,000 11,480 11,300 1,460 13,580 7,980 .21 1.84 25.53 1.14 1.13 .15 1.35 .80 18 4 1 4 4 11 2 n.a. (3) 4 45 7 6 1 8 n.a. 2,590 2,590 .26 .26 n.a. 6 267,020 26.63 n.a. n.a. 5,140 .51 n.a. n.a. 550 .05 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ See footnotes at end of table. 86 9 1 ' n.a. 3 1 Table 22. Personal services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 72) Occupation First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related..................................................... Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers............................................ All other inspectors, testers and related occupations............................................................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics....................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Automotive mechanics ........................................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................................................................. Menders - garments, linens, and related.............................. All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material moving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... All other construction and extractive workers, except helpers......................................................................... Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings workers............................, ...................................................... Custom tailors and sewers .................................................... Shoe and leather workers and repairers, precision................................................................................ Spotters, dry cleaning............................................................. Pressers, delicate fabrics........................................................ Precision d ye rs........................................................................ All other precision textile, apparel, and furnishings workers............................................................... Precision workers, n e c .............................................................. Precision photographic process workers............................... All other precision workers, n e c............................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Sewing machine operators, garment..................................... Sewing machine operators, nongarment............................... Shoe sewing machine operators and tenders............................................................................ Laundry and drycleaning machine operators and tenders, except pressing...................................................... Pressing machine operators and tenders, textile, garment, and related materials................................................................... Photographic processing machine operators and tenders.................................................................................. Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, or kettle operators and tenders ......................................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and p la stic...................................................... Other hand workers, n e c .......................................................... Pressers, hand........................................................................ Sewers, h a n d ........................................................................... All other hand workers, n e c.................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................ Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ Taxi drivers and chauffeurs.................................................... Driver/sales workers............................................................... All other transportation and material moving equipment operators............................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers.......................................... Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 690 0.07 10 1 3,900 .39 n.a. n.a. 6,770 .68 5 3 620 17,670 2,210 6,530 480 .06 1.76 .22 .65 .05 14 49 9 5 7 (3) 16 2 6 1 220 6,420 1,810 .02 .64 .18 10 4 14 ft 5 1 130 130 .01 .01 n.a. 25 n.a. (3) 290 .03 n.a. n.a. 50,220 9,660 5.01 .96 n.a. 5 n.a. 6 4,110 13,760 21,290 480 .41 1.37 2.12 .05 4 3 3 18 1 9 8 ft 920 2,890 2,470 420 .09 .29 .25 .04 20 n.a. 8 24 ft n.a. 1 ft 99,680 4,360 690 9.94 .43 .07 n.a. 7 26 n.a. 3 ft 560 .06 22 43,790 4.37 3 14 45,340 4.52 2 13 2,970 .30 8 1 860 .09 10 1 100 .01 n.a. n.a. 1,010 12,970 5,270 800 6,900 240 33,440 .10 1.29 .53 .08 .69 .02 3.33 19 n.a. 7 14 7 22 n.a. ft n.a. 3 1 2 ft n.a. 14,400 1,700 17,340 1.44 .17 1.73 3 8 3 8 1 5 2,250 420 .22 .04 20 15 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 87 ft ft ft Table 22. Personal services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 72) Occupation Employment1 Machine feeders and offbearers............................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand.............................. All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, ha n d .......................................................................... Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 14,480 4,420 1.44 .44 5 7 3 2 15,390 1.53 4 3 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 88 Table 23. Business services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 73) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l................................................................................ 4,069,420 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 281,770 41,870 6.92 1.03 n.a. 2 n.a. 24 15,350 5,310 .38 .13 4 6 9 4 47,650 17,760 109,420 44,410 1.17 .44 2.69 1.09 3 4 2 4 15 8 38 10 771,460 130,350 18.96 3.20 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 37,190 3,290 25,430 2,310 6,160 .91 .08 .62 .06 .15 n.a. 10 5 7 10 n.a. 1 10 1 2 10,160 .25 5 4 39,800 .98 6 5 11,470 2,990 14,140 550 14,050 79,920 .28 .07 .35 .01 .35 1.96 11 11 9 24 8 n.a. 4 1 2 (3) 2 n.a. 2,310 .06 27 (3) 1,950 670 5,430 2,360 4,980 35,190 3,640 920 14,480 7,990 1,320 740 .05 .02 .13 .06 .12 .86 .09 .02 .36 .20 .03 .02 18 34 19 22 11 7 13 21 9 n.a. 21 32 (3) (3) 1 (3) 1 3 1 (3) 2 n.a. (3) (3) 71,310 1.75 n.a. n.a. 6,830 .17 16 1 24,400 .60 8 2 820 .02 20 6,750 18,530 .17 .46 10 7 2,830 .07 20 (3) 11,150 20,270 4,640 9,920 .27 .50 .11 .24 10 n.a. 23 9 1 n.a. (3) 2 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers.................................................. Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Credit analysts...................................................................... Accountants and auditors.................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Employment interviewers, private or public employjment service ............................................................ Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators....................................................................... Management analysts............................................................. Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents................... All other management support workers................................ Engineers................................................................................... Aeronautical and astronautical engineers ............................................................................... Metallurgists, and metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers ...................................................... Petroleum engineers............................................................... Chemical engineers................................................................. Nuclear engineers................................................................... Civil engineers, including traffic.............................................. Electrical and electronic engineers........................................ Industrial engineers, except sa fe ty........................................ Safety engineers, except mining............................................ Mechanical engineers............................................................. All other engineers.................................................................. Architects, except landscape and marine................................ Surveying and mapping scientists ............................................ Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Civil engineering technicians and technologists........................................................................ Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists.............................................. Industrial engineering technicians and technologists................................................................. Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists................................................................. Drafters.................................................................................... Surveying and mapping technicians and technologists........................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Physical scientists...................................................................... Physicists and astronomers................................................... Chemists, except biochemists................................................ See footnotes at end of table. 89 (3) 1 3 Table 23. Business services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 73) Occupation Geologists, geophysicists, and oceanographers ..................................................................... All other physical scientists .................................................... Life scientists.............................................................................. Agricultural and food scientists.............................................. Biological scientists................................................................. All other life scientists............................................................ Physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................................... Biological, agricultural, and food technicians and technologists, except health ........................................................................ Chemical technicians and technologists, except he a lth ................................................ Nuclear technicians and technologists.................................. Petroleum technicians and technologists........................................................................... All other physical and life science technicians and technologists.............................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aides.................................................. Mathematical scientists and related workers........................... Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer...................................................... Statisticians................................................................................ Financial analysts, statistical..................................................... All other mathematical scientists.............................................. Mathematical technicians.......................................................... Social scientists, including urban and regional planners................................................................................... Economists, including market research analysts..................... Urban and regional planners..................................................... Psychologists.............................................................................. All other social scientists.......................................................... Lawyers...................................................................................... Legal assistants and technicians, except clerical...................................................................................... Librarians, professional ............................................................. Vocational and educational counselors................................... Instructional coordinators.......................................................... Registered nurses...................................................................... Licensed practical nurses......................................................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians........................................... Writers and editors..................................................................... Technical w riters........................................................................ Public relations specialists and publicity w rite rs................................................................ Reporters and correspondents ................................................. Photographers............................................................................ Artists and related workers....................................................... Designers, except interior designers........................................ Interior designers ....................................................................... Merchandise displayers and window trim m ers........................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations.................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales representatives and salespersons, services.................................................................................... Sales agents, selected business services............................. Sales agents, advertising........................................................ Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,430 3,280 8,280 1,920 5,200 1,160 0.06 .08 .20 .05 .13 .03 17 15 n.a. 22 13 n.a. 1 (3) n.a. (3) 1 n.a. 18,760 .46 n.a. n.a. 3,740 .09 16 (3) 7,610 1,540 .19 .04 11 28 1 (3) 1,340 .03 32 (3) 4,530 .11 18 (3) 172,330 4.23 n.a. n.a. 58,040 98,990 15,300 17,550 1.43 2.43 .38 .43 4 3 5 n.a. 7 10 4 n.a. 9,150 2,720 2,140 2,910 630 .22 .07 .05 .07 .02 8 13 18 15 31 2 1 (3) (3) (3) 12,630 8,880 830 1,340 1,580 1,700 .31 .22 .02 .03 .04 .04 n.a. 10 29 22 21 9 n.a. 1 (3) (3) (3) 1 1,590 2,050 940 2,480 36,890 24,040 .04 .05 .02 .06 .91 .59 23 11 34 13 7 8 (3) 1 (3) 1 2 1 37,210 15,070 6,370 .91 .37 .16 9 5 7 2 5 2 11,130 2,890 11,590 29,570 19,140 7,560 1,240 .27 .07 .28 .73 .47 .19 .03 9 12 8 4 6 11 32 3 (3) 3 6 3 1 (3) 26,540 .65 n.a. n.a. 216,520 5.32 n.a. n.a. 29,300 .72 3 12 88,350 46,670 23,360 2.17 1.15 .57 n.a. 3 6 n.a. 14 4 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 90 Table 23. Business services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984— Continued (SIC 73) Occupation All other sales representatives and salespersons, service........................................................... Sales engineers......................................................................... Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail...................................... Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................. Counter and rental cle rk s ......................................................... Cashiers...................................................................................... News and street vendors, telephone solicitors, door-to-door sales workers, and other related workers....................................... Demonstrators, promoters, and models................................... All other sales and related w orkers......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support w orkers.......................... Credit authorizes....................................................................... Credit checkers.......................................................................... Investigators, clerical................................................................. Bill and account collectors ....................................................... Library assistants and bookmobile drivers............................... Advertising clerks....................................................................... Proofreaders and copy markers................................................ Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers........................................................................... Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. Correspondence clerks ............................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service...................................................................................... Statistical c le rks......................................................................... Interviewing clerks, except personnel and social welfare........................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Duplicating machine operators............................................... Mail machine operators, preparation and handling ................................................................................ Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators.................................... Data entry keyers, except composing................................... Data keyers, composing......................................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Mail clerks, except mail machine operators and postal service........................................................................... Messengers................................................................................ Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance............................................................................. Production, planning, and expediting clerks..................................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .......................................................................... Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 18,320 3,130 0.45 .08 8 14 3 1 9,610 .24 8 2 18,680 23,180 7,780 .46 .57 .19 6 7 17 4 3 1 11,710 7,630 17,150 .29 .19 .42 13 14 8 1 1 2 1,144,900 28.13 n.a. n.a. 60,710 1,540 8,430 3,340 27,900 1,080 1,620 3,940 171,970 11,930 44,500 61,470 51,400 1.49 .04 .21 .08 .69 .03 .04 .10 4.23 .29 1.09 1.51 1.26 2 29 7 12 3 10 25 13 2 7 3 4 5 26 ft 2 1 6 1 ft 1 40 2 16 9 9 5,020 3,940 24,270 .12 .10 .60 7 14 5 3 1 6 12,610 5,510 .31 .14 7 16 4 1 40,710 72,900 11,060 8,580 145,430 1.00 1.79 .27 .21 3.57 7 2 4 6 3 2 28 9 3 25 163,590 4.02 n.a. n.a. 4,620 8,860 .11 .22 12 8 1 3 16,190 .40 7 2 40,070 7,920 76,260 4,950 4,720 53,890 .98 .19 1.87 .12 .12 1.32 4 9 4 15 15 5 8 2 9 1 1 9 16,680 23,490 .41 .58 7 10 4 4 68,990 1.70 n.a. n.a. 7,500 .18 10 3 16,550 .41 7 4 24,440 .60 10 4 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 91 Table 23. Business services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 73) Occupation Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks..................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers .................................................................................... Service occupations..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Housekeepers ............................................................................ All other service supervisors and manager/supervisors.............................................................. Detectives and investigators, except public............................. Guards and watch guards......................................................... All other protective service workers......................................... Food and beverage preparation and service workers .................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Maids and housekeeping cleaners........................................ Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. Pest controllers and assistants.............................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... All other service workers .......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Animal caretakers, except farm ................................................ All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................ Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related..................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders .............................. Production inspectors, testers, graders, sorters, samplers, and weighers ............................................ All other inspectors, testers and related occupations............................................................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Automotive mechanics ........................................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................................................................. Data processing equipment repairers.................................... Electric home appliance and power tool repairers................................................................................ Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 11,490 0.28 5 4 9,010 .22 14 1 38,400 .94 9 4 1,064,920 26.17 n.a. n.a. 36,590 16,580 .90 .41 n.a. 6 n.a. 4 20,010 14,580 384,020 18,730 .49 .36 9.44 .46 4 11 1 10 6 2 8 2 28,940 .71 14 1 539,160 46,110 13.25 1.13 n.a. 6 n.a. 3 438,080 38,310 10.77 .94 1 4 19 4 16,660 42,900 .41 1.05 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 14,430 9,900 870 .35 .24 .02 n.a. 10 31 n.a. 2 (3) 3,660 .09 23 (3) 575,420 14.14 n.a. n.a. 20,880 .51 n.a. n.a. 7,560 .19 6 3 2,860 .07 12 1 2,300 .06 12 1 8,160 7,110 .20 .17 6 13 3 1 7,260 .18 10 1 6,660 83,670 35,460 3,150 .16 2.06 .87 .08 14 170 7 13 1 15 7 1 3,420 11,880 .08 .29 15 12 1 1 440 .01 32 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 92 (3) Table 23. Business services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 73) Occupation Electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment............................................................. All other electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................................... Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers..................................................... Coin and vending machine servicers and repairers................................................................................ All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material moving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........................................................................... All other construction and extractive workers, except helpers........................................................................ Precision metal workers............................................................ Machinists ............................................................................... Precision workers, n e c .............................................................. Precision photographic process workers .............................. All other precision workers, n e c............................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.................................................................... Machine forming operators and tenders, metal and p lastic.................................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Offset lithographic press setters and set-up operators............................................................................... Printing press machine operators and tenders.................................................................................. Photoengraving and lithographing machine operators and tenders ......................................................... Bindery machine operators.................................................... Photographic processing machine operators and tenders.................................................................................. Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders.......................................................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and pla stic..................................................... Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,920 0.10 15 1 12,380 .30 12 1 1,530 .04 20 (3) 1.320 10,170 .03 .25 31 12 (3) 2 24,390 8,540 8,180 .60 .21 .20 n.a. g 11 n.a. 4,350 .11 12 1 3.320 .08 13 1 13,200 4.630 4.630 12,810 7,200 5,610 .32 .11 .11 .31 .18 .14 14 n.a. n.a. 11 1 n.a. 9 12 n.a. 2 1 2.900 .07 n.a. n.a. 2.900 .07 22 (3) 73,790 1.81 n.a. n.a. 2,260 .06 13 1 8,600 .21 8 2 3,620 5,860 .09 .14 13 29 1 1 28,360 .70 6 3 7,440 .18 13 1 6,070 .15 13 1 11,580 .28 10 1 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 93 1 1 1 Table 23. Business services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 73) Occupation Employment1 Other hand workers, nec .......................................................... Welders and cutters................................................................ Solderers and brazers ............................................................ Painting, coating, and decorating, workers, hand ....................................................................... Engraving and printing workers, hand................................... All other hand workers, n e c.................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................ Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ Taxi drivers and chauffeurs .................................................... Driver/sales workers............................................................... Aircraft pilots and flight engineers............................................ Material moving equipment operators...................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators....................................... All other transportation and material moving equipment operators............................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers .......................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................... Hand packers and packagers................................................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d ........................................................................... Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 24,810 3,930 2,490 0.61 .10 .06 n.a. 11 19 n.a. 1 (3) 1,200 1,390 15,800 1,920 47,960 .03 .03 .39 .05 1.18 22 22 10 17 n.a. (3) (3) 1 (3) n.a. 34,830 2,940 10,190 1,750 8,360 8,360 .86 .07 .25 .04 .21 .21 7 26 10 24 n.a. 14 7 (3) 2 (3) n.a. 1 25,110 7,010 45,520 46,480 .62 .17 1.12 1.14 10 10 7 8 2 2 3 2 109,200 2.68 5 5 are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment: relative standard errors Percemt of total employment 94 Table 24. Automotive repair, services, and garages: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 75) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 677,880 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers............................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 22,600 9,810 3.33 1.45 n.a. 3 n.a. 15 250 230 .04 .03 11 12 1 1 520 490 7,660 3,640 .08 .07 1.13 .54 11 11 4 7 1 1 10 3 8,770 6,810 1.29 1.00 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3,800 3,530 270 .56 .52 .04 n.a. 5 n.a. n.a. 6 n.a. 1,980 .29 7 3 290 310 430 .04 .05 .06 22 22 20 (3) 0 0 310 .05 29 (3) 1,060 .16 n.a. n.a. 210 850 .03 .13 22 15 (3) 1 590 .09 n.a. n.a. 83,470 12.31 n.a. n.a. 18,930 2.79 2 23 460 .07 19 (3) 3,950 2,080 13,790 25,910 15,960 2,390 .58 .31 2.03 3.82 2.35 .35 8 11 4 3 4 11 3 2 13 11 9 1 74,430 10.98 n.a. n.a. 1,610 280 14,550 3,540 1,660 220 .24 .04 2.15 .52 .24 .03 8 18 3 6 7 16 3 0 20 6 2 (3) 200 380 .03 .06 14 15 (3) 1 330 21,910 2,240 370 .05 3.23 .33 .05 23 2 6 15 (3) 30 4 1 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors..................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products .................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................ All other management support workers................................ Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing.................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations .................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail...................................... Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................. Salespersons, retail ................................................................... Salespersons, p a rts................................................................... Counter and rental clerks ......................................................... Cashiers...................................................................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Adjustment clerks....................................................................... Secretaries................................................................................. Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service...................................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 95 Table 24. Automotive repair, services, and garages: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 75) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators.............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .......................................................................... Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks..................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... 20,590 3 04 3 22 1,350 .20 n.a. n.a. 140 .02 21 (3) 290 590 330 250 .04 .09 .05 .04 16 12 n.a. 10 ft 1 n.a. 1 3,930 .58 n.a. n.a. 3,220 .48 6 5 280 .04 13 1 430 .06 16 1 1,020 .15 n.a. n.a. Service occupations..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Guards and watch guards......................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... All other service w orkers.......................................................... 11,290 1.67 n.a. n.a. 1,520 970 .22 .14 9 15 1 1 6,560 .97 n.a. n.a. 6,250 .92 5 9 310 2,240 .05 .33 35 n.a. ft n.a. 310 310 .05 .05 n.a. 19 n.a. 1 477,010 70.37 n.a. n.a. 38,070 5.62 n.a. n.a., 35,750 5.27 2 37 80 .01 36 ft 1,340 .20 8 900 440 .13 .06 10 30 660 272,790 360 8,020 123,970 88,330 .10 40.24 .05 1.18 18.29 13.03 25 n.a. n.a. 7 2 2 31,420 240 4.64 .04 4 29 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related..................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders ............................... All other inspectors, testers and related occupations............................................................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics....................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Automotive mechanics........................................................... Automotive body and related repairers................................. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................................................................. Small engine specialists......................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 96 1 1 ft ft n.a. n.a. 6 42 28 10 ft Table 24. Automotive repair, services, and garages: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 75) Occupation Employment1 Electric motor, transformer, and related repairers................................................................................ Electrical installers and repairers, transportation equipment..................................................... All other electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................................... Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers..................................................... Installers and repairers, manufactured buildings, mobile homes, and travel trailers ....................... Tire repairers and changers................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material moving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... All other construction ?nd extractive workers, except helpers........................................................................ Precision metal workers............................................................ Machinists ............................................................................... All other precision metal workers .......................................... Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings workers................................................................................... Upholsterers............................................................................ Precision workers, n e c .............................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Sewing machine operators, nongarment .............................. Painters, transportation equipment........................................ Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators................................................ Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders ......................................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ..................................................... Other hand workers, n e c .......................................................... Welders and cutters................................................................ All other hand workers, n e c................................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ Driver/sales workers............................................................... All other motor vehicle operators .......................................... Service station attendants........................................................ Parking lot attendants ............................................................... All other transportation and material moving equipment operators............................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers .......................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand.............................. Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d .......................................................................... Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 910 0.13 30 (3) 1,120 .17 23 0 460 .07 37 (3) 150 .02 40 0 300 10,870 6,640 .04 1.60 .98 36 7 n.a. (3) 6 n.a. 250 250 .04 .04 n.a. 27 n.a. (3) 510 4,210 4,020 190 .08 .62 .59 .03 n.a. n.a. 11 n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 5,420 5,420 220 .80 .80 .03 n.a. 10 48 n.a. 2 (3) 11,970 240 9,290 1.77 .04 1.37 n.a. 38 6 n.a. (3) 6 510 .08 25 (3) 180 .03 42 (3) 620 .09 31 (3) 1,130 5,780 4,080 1,700 32,860 .17 .85 .60 .25 4.85 20 n.a. 11 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 3 n.a. n.a. 14,790 920 17,150 16,600 17,030 2.18 .14 2.53 2.45 2.51 5 20 6 5 5 10 1 4 7 2 6,190 2,250 2,240 53,300 .91 .33 .33 7.86 11 10 11 2 1 2 2 18 6,220 .92 8 3 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 97 Table 25. Miscellaneous repair services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 76) Occupation Total Managerial and administrative occupations Financial managers................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers................................. Purchasing managers............................... Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers................................. Administrative services managers........... General managers and top executives .... All other managers and administrators .... Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................. Management support workers.................. Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................... Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................. Cost estimators....................................... All other management support workers . Engineers................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists.................................. Physical and life science technicians and technologists.................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing ................................... Computer programmers.......................... Health practitioners, technologists, technicians, and related health workers........................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers Sales and related occupations ....................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................... Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail......... Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail...... Salespersons, retail ...................................... Salespersons, parts...................................... Counter and rental clerks............................. Cashiers......................................................... All other sales and related workers............ Clerical and administrative support occupations....................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .... Secretaries.......................................................... Receptionists and information clerks................ Typists................................................................. Typists, word processing equipment................. Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping....................................................... File clerks............................................................ Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service............................................................... Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 311,060 100.00 10,500 5,430 3.38 1.75 n.a. 3 n.a. 17 90 140 .03 .05 13 11 1 1 180 12 1 3,370 1,080 .06 .07 1.08 .35 20 4 13 9 2 12,050 4,330 3.87 1.39 1,780 .57 2,190 210 1 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. .70 4 7 90 140 130 2,240 .03 .05 .04 .72 21 4,110 1.32 7 280 .09 42 310 .10 120 190 .04 .06 33 24 80 .03 n.a. 700 .23 26,710 8.59 n.a. n.a. 8,600 2.76 3 22 500 .16 16 1 1,920 12,430 880 320 .62 4.00 .28 8 3 20 1,010 1,050 .32 .34 47,170 15.16 740 11,450 240 1,940 330 .24 3.68 .08 .62 9 2 13 6 2 31 .11 11 1 60 90 .02 .03 16 17 560 .18 14 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 98 .10 16 26 23 (3) (3) (3) 5 (3) n.a. (3) (3) n.a. n.a. 4 13 20 12 12 1 1 2 1 n.a. 1 5 O (3) 1 Table 25. Miscellaneous repair services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 76) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ......................................................................... Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks..................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing w orkers.............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... 11,140 1,070 200 13,120 3.58 .34 .06 4.22 2 6 13 2 33 5 1 29 950 .31 n.a. n.a. 300 .10 12 1 310 340 230 .10 .11 .07 17 n.a. 24 1 n.a. 1 4,510 1.45 n.a. n.a. 1,560 .50 5 4 2,540 .82 4 8 410 .13 23 1 540 .17 n.a. n.a. Service occupations..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Guards and watch guards......................................................... Food and beverage preparation and service workers.................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... All other service w orkers.......................................................... 3,730 1.20 n.a. n.a. 160 180 .05 .06 18 27 0 0 110 .04 50 (3) 2,990 .96 n.a. n.a. 2,480 .80 7 7 510 290 .16 .09 43 27 1,280 1,280 .41 .41 n.a. 26 n.a. 1 209,620 67.39 n.a. n.a. 14,090 4.53 n.a. n.a. 13,120 4.22 2 31 240 .08 16 1 70 .02 23 660 340 .21 .11 10 16 2 1 190 105,530 1,970 .06 33.93 .63 37 n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. n.a. 370 1,600 .12 .51 37 n.a. (3) n.a. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related...................................................... Precision inspectors, testers, and graders............................... All other inspectors, testers and related occupations............................................................................. Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics.................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics, marine equipment........................................................................... All other machinery maintenance mechanics..................... See footnotes at end of table. 99 (3) (*) <*) Table 25. Miscellaneous repair services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 76) Occupation Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Automotive mechanics ........................................................... Automotive body and related repairers................................. Motorcycle repairers ............................................................... Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................................................................. Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines.................................................................................. Farm equipment mechanics.................................................... Small engine specialists......................................................... Radio mechanics..................................................................... All other communications equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers....................................................... Data processing equipment repairers.................................... Electronic home entertainment equipment repairers................................................................................ Electric home appliance and power tool repairers................................................................................ Electric motor, transformer, and related repairers................................................................................ Electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment............................................................. Electrical installers and repairers, transportation equipment..................................................... All other electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................................... Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers...................................................... Precision instrument repairers................................................ Electromedical and biomedical equipment repairers................................................................................ Camera and photographic equipment repairers.................... Watchmakers.......................................................................... Musical instrument repairers and tuners............................... Locksmiths and safe repairers............................................... Office machine and cash register servicers.......................... Installers and repairers, manufactured buildings, mobile homes, and travel trailers ....................... Bicycle repairers...................................................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........................................................................... Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners .............................................................. All other construction and extractive workers, except helpers........................................................................ Precision metal workers............................................................ Precision instrument makers.................................................. Machinists ............................................................................... Tool grinders, filers, sharpeners, and other precision grinders................................................................. Jewelers and silversmiths...................................................... Precision hand workers, jewelry and related products................................................................................ Sheet- metal workers.............................................................. Boilermakers........................................................................... All other precision metal workers .......................................... Precision woodworkers.............................................................. Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters .................................. Furniture finishers.................................................................... All other precision woodworkers............................................ Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings workers................................................................................... Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 12,100 3,010 430 130 3.89 .97 .14 .04 4 9 27 40 11 3 (3) (3) 1,810 .58 12 1 920 480 2,230 3,000 .30 .15 .72 .96 16 26 10 10 1 (3) 3 2 2,070 630 .67 .20 17 20 1 1 13,890 4.47 4 10 8,750 2.81 5 7 15,410 4.95 4 10 1,530 .49 17 1 610 .20 25 2,580 .83 13 1 11,900 4,950 3.83 1.59 5 8 8 3 140 930 1,080 200 7,730 1,380 .05 .30 .35 .06 2.49 .44 50 18 12 34 7 13 (3) 1 1 (3) 4 1 160 190 5,320 .05 .06 1.71 35 38 n.a. (3) (3) n.a. 10,920 940 1,560 3.51 .30 .50 n.a. 16 11 n.a. 1 2. 210 .07 26 1,980 .64 10 2 6,230 2.00 8 4 720 19,030 160 9,410 .23 6.12 .05 3.03 18 n.a. 45 5 (3) n.a. (3) 11 4,290 2,000 1.38 .64 9 8 3 1 250 370 2,020 530 4,770 790 3,690 290 .08 .12 .65 .17 1.53 .25 1.19 .09 30 22 13 24 n.a. 13 6 26 0 (3) 1 (3) n.a. 1 3 (3) 8,510 2.74 n.a. n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 100 (3) (3) Table 25. Miscellaneous repair services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 76) Occupation Employment1 Upholsterers............................................................................ Precision workers, n e c .............................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Sewing machine operators, nongarment .............................. Painters, transportation equipment........................................ Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters and set-up operators................................................ Coating, painting, and spraying machine operators and tenders ......................................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and pla stic..................................................... Other hand workers, n e c .......................................................... Welders and cutters................................................................ Solderers and brazers............................................................ Painting, coating, and decorating, workers, hand ....................................................................... All other hand workers, nec.................................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ Driver/sales workers............................................................... All other motor vehicle operators.......................................... All other transportation and material moving equipment operators............................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers .......................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................... Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, ha n d .......................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 8,510 1,060 2.74 .34 3 20 8 1 4,850 2,490 140 1.56 .80 .05 n.a. 5 24 n.a. 5 (3) 230 .07 33 (3) 130 .04 43 (3) 140 .05 40 (3) 1,720 24,260 21,670 200 .55 7.80 6.97 .06 18 n.a. 3 35 1 n.a. 16 (3) 300 2,090 7,220 .10 .67 2.32 27 n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. n.a. 6,290 350 580 2.02 .11 .19 3 24 19 15 1 1 500 690 2,260 700 .16 .22 .73 .23 n.a. 15 7 35 n.a. 1 4 (3) 3,890 1.25 9 4 90 .03 n.a. n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 101 Table 26. Motion pictures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1984 (SIC 78) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 229,000 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ Food service and lodging managers........................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 23,430 2,320 10.23 1.01 n.a. 17 n.a. 11 700 280 .31 .12 28 22 4 3 1,690 4,680 860 6,010 6,890 .74 2.04 .38 2.62 3.01 19 6 14 8 9 10 34 6 32 18 52,940 3,760 23.12 1.64 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,640 1,260 100 280 .72 .55 .04 .12 n.a. 13 21 20 n.a. 7 1 1 330 .14 27 3 210 1,580 870 .09 .69 .38 45 13 n.a. 1 4 n.a. 1,620 .71 n.a. n.a. 540 .24 36 3 1,080 .47 39 2 670 .29 n.a. n.a. 300 370 220 1,660 .13 .16 .10 .72 15 25 43 21 1 2 2 6 530 310 790 2,300 2,630 2,310 1,100 .23 .14 .34 1.00 1.15 1.01 .48 17 31 37 23 22 24 33 2 1 4 8 7 5 2 1,210 2,320 710 .53 1.01 .31 39 31 45 1 1 24,880 10.86 4 9 5,050 2.21 n.a. n.a. 32,150 14.04 n.a. n.a. 750 .33 21 6 2,150 22,950 .94 10.02 15 3 10 56 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors..................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. All other management support workers................................. Engineers................................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists.............................................. All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Librarians, professional ............................................................. Writers and editors..................................................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers ................................................................ Announcers, radio and television.............................................. Photographers............................................................................ Camera operators, television and motion picture.................... Film editors ................................................................................ Artists and related workers........................................................ Designers, except interior designers........................................ Music directors, singers, composers, and related workers........................................................................ Musicians, instrumental............................................................. Dancers and choreographers.................................................... Producers, directors, actors, and other entertainers............................................................................. All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations.................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................. Cashiers...................................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 102 f) Table 26. Motion pictures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1984—Continued (SIC 78) Occupation News and street vendors, telephone solicitors, door-to-door sales workers, and other related workers....................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers........................................................................... Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service...................................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office cle rk s ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks..................................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ......................................................................... Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks..................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers.................................................................................... Service occupations ..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service................................................ Guards and watch guards......................................................... All other protective service workers......................................... Food and beverage preparation and service w orkers.................................................................................... Waiters and waitresses.......................................................... Counter attendants, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria...................................................... Cooks, specialty fast food ...................................................... Food preparation workers...................................................... Combined food preparation and service workers................. All other food service workers............................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households .................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households................................... Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists......................... Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers............................. Wardrobe, and locker and dressing room attendants................................................................................ All other service workers .......................................................... Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,100 5,200 0.48 2.27 28 n.a. 2 n.a. 27,050 11.81 n.a. n.a. 1,370 7,300 140 1,450 610 280 .60 3.19 .06 .63 .27 .12 15 9 35 17 22 36 7 24 1 8 3 2 170 300 .07 .13 21 30 2 2 460 3,910 440 3,940 .20 1.71 .19 1.72 27 10 24 13 3 19 2 13 1,040 .45 n.a. n.a. 80 .03 42 1 310 530 120 340 .14 .23 .05 .15 18 27 n.a. 15 2 2 n.a. 3 3,020 1.32 n.a. n.a. 790 .34 27 4 460 .20 28 3 1,460 .64 22 6 310 .14 24 1 2,280 1.00 n.a. n.a. 65,100 28.43 n.a. n.a. 930 1,500 200 .41 .66 .09 16 12 31 5 5 ft 23,400 340 10.22 .15 n.a. 38 n.a. ft 14,770 790 1,670 3,810 2,020 6.45 .34 .73 1.66 .88 6 19 20 19 n.a. 30 3 5 2 n.a. 9,200 4.02 n.a. n.a. 8,840 3.86 4 45 360 830 28,440 .16 .36 12.42 n.a. 39 3 n.a. 260 340 .11 .15 27 n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 103 ft 49 ft n.a. Table 26. Motion pictures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1984—Continued (SIC 78) Occupation Employment' Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related..................................................... Inspectors and related occupations......................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Camera and photographic equipment repairers.................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material moving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........................................................................... All other construction and extractive workers, except helpers......................................................................... Precision metal workers............................................................ Machinists ............................................................................... Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings workers................................................................................... Custom tailors and sewers .................................................... Precision printing workers...............................'.......................... Precision compositors, typesetters, and arrangers............................................................................... Precision workers, n e c .............................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Photographic processing machine operators and tenders.................................................................................. All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and p la stic..................................................... Hand working occupations, including assemblers and fabricators......................................................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ Driver/sales workers............................................................... All other motor vehicle operators .......................................... Freicht, stock, and material movers, hand............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, ha n d ........................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 350 350 0.15 .15 n.a. 18 n.a. 2 27,980 12.22 n.a. n.a. 370 .16 n.a. n.a. 60 .03 48 1 90 .04 28 220 400 1,870 1,230 280 360 .10 17 82 54 12 .16 n.a. 32 n.a. 13 47 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 10 2 n.a. 1,780 820 580 .78 .36 .25 n.a. 31 26 n.a. 1 1 310 .14 31 1 70 .03 29 (3) 130 180 180 .06 .08 .08 40 n.a. 35 (3) n.a. (3) 60 60 60 .03 .03 .03 n.a. 34 n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. 60 1,200 .03 .52 37 n.a. (3) n.a. 17,170 7.50 n.a. n.a. 2,140 .93 27 3 14,350 6.27 n.a. n.a. 680 .30 n.a. n.a. 220 1,190 .10 .52 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 560 190 440 1,100 .24 .08 .19 .48 32 50 33 43 2 (*) 1 2 1,450 .63 n.a. n.a. 800 .35 n.a. n.a. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment 104 (3) are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. Table 27. Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984 (SIC 79) Occupation Employment’ Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 791,470 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ Food service and lodging managers........................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 42,840 10,930 5.41 1.38 n.a. 3 n.a. 29 720 450 .09 .06 8 7 3 3 6,180 850 6,820 10,550 6,340 .78 .11 .86 1.33 .80 5 10 4 3 5 16 3 20 26 11 136,680 6,400 17.27 .81 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4,350 3,970 150 230 .55 .50 .02 .03 n.a. 4 13 11 n.a. 12 1 1 410 .05 12 2 360 1,280 500 190 310 .05 .16 .06 .02 .04 9 10 n.a. 17 10 1 2 n.a. 1 1 1,520 .19 n.a. n.a. 1,350 .17 18 2 170 .02 38 (3) 730 .09 n.a. n.a. 110 500 120 9,070 110 12,740 .01 .06 .02 1.15 .01 1.61 10 9 10 9 46 4 (3) 2 1 6 (3) 7 23,590 1,010 420 2.98 .13 .05 5 24 9 19 1 1 1,100 .14 n.a. n.a. 3,330 2,950 320 420 370 1,210 .42 .37 .04 .05 .05 .15 7 23 18 22 19 15 8 2 1 1 1 2 3,720 30,710 6,700 .47 3.88 .85 13 6 11 4 7 3 12,490 12,020 ..58 1.52 9 6 4 6 5,250 .66 n.a. n.a. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors.................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. All other management support workers................................ Engineers ................................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineers........................................ All other engineers.................................................................. Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists.............................................. All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aid e s.................................................. Recreation workers.................................................................... Lecturers .................................................................................... Instructors, nonvocational education........................................ Instructors and coaches, sports and physical training......................................................................... All other teachers and instructors ............................................ Registered nurses...................................................................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians........................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers ................................................................ Announcers, radio and television.............................................. Announcers, except radio and television................................. Broadcast technicians............................................................... Artists and related workers....................................................... Designers, except interior designers........................................ Music directors, singers, composers, and related workers....................................................................... Musicians, instrumental............................................................. Dancers and choreographers................................................... Producers, directors, actors, and other entertainers ............................................................................. Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers ................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................... See footnotes at end of table. 105 Table 27. Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984—Continued (SIC 79) Occupation Sales and related occupations .................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail...................................... Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.................................. Counter and rental clerks ......................................................... Cashiers...................................................................................... News and street vendors, telephone solicitors, door-to-door sales workers, and other related workers....................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations.............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers............................................................................ Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping.............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service...................................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks....................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators....................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment.............................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing.................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks..................................................................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .......................................................................... Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks..................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 65,880 8.32 n.a. n.a. 1,730 22 6 5 300 .04 34 (3) 1,460 3,600 49,100 .18 .45 6.20 9 8 2 3 3 27 2,980 6,710 .38 .85 14 7 2 4 61,170 7.73 n.a. n.a. 1,920 12,210 200 9,250 1,490 590 .24 1.54 .03 1.17 .19 .07 5 4 14 6 9 16 7 28 0 15 4 2 370 300 .05 .04 7 17 2 1 880 13,600 2,420 310 10,310 .11 1.72 .31 .04 1.30 28 2 5 19 4 1 37 9 1 19 1,350 .17 n.a. n.a. 230 .03 12 1 490 440 190 2,150 .06 .06 .02 .27 7 9 n.a. 7 2 2 n.a. 5 2,070 .26 n.a. n.a. 240 .03 15 1 950 .12 8 3 280 .04 8 1 600 .08 18 (3) 1,750 .22 n.a. n.a. 372,820 47.10 n.a. n.a. 8,780 2,720 1.11 .34 n.a. 5 n.a. 7 6,060 1,150 16,040 3,390 .77 .15 2.03 .43 4 6 4 13 6 1 12 2 174,890 22.10 n.a. n.a. 2,940 .37 4 7 First-line supervisors and All other service supervisors and All nthfir prntfictive service workers ......................................... Food and beverage preparation and service Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge or See footnotes at end of table. 106 Table 27. Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984—Continued (SIC 79) Occupation Bartenders............................................................................... Waiters and waitresses.......................................................... Dining room and cafeteria attendants, and bartender helpers................................................................. Counter attendants, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria..................................................... Cooks, restaurant.................................................................... Cooks, specialty fast food ..................................................... Cooks, short o rd e r.................................................................. Food preparation workers...................................................... Combined food preparation and service workers................. All other food service workers............................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Maids and housekeeping cleaners........................................ Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households................................... Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists ......................... Amusement and recreation attendants.................................... Guides ........................................................................................ Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers............................. Wardrobe, and locker and dressing room attendants................................................................................ Child care workers..................................................................... All other service w orkers.......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Animal caretakers, except fa rm ................................................ All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................ Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related..................................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Small engine specialists......................................................... Coin and vending machine servicers and repairers................................................................................ All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........................................................................... Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 28,670 61,560 3.62 7.78 2 2 33 31 16,360 2.07 3 14 9,930 15,900 6,350 3,020 18,430 6,710 5,020 1.25 2.01 .80 .38 2.33 .85 .63 6 3 6 7 3 7 6 8 24 7 4 20 2 4 37,300 7,770 4.71 .98 n.a. 4 n.a. 10 27,710 3.50 2 35 1,820 180 95,610 4,390 14,220 .23 .02 12.08 .55 1.80 11 21 2 13 6 2 0 34 2 6 3,700 6,160 7,010 .47 .78 .89 6 4 n.a. 5 10 n.a. 52,970 44,490 8,060 6.69 5.62 1.02 n.a. 2 7 n.a. 28 3 420 .05 20 1 59,110 7.47 n.a. n.a. 2,040 .26 n.a. n.a. 710 .09 7 3 300 .04 14 1 160 .02 13 1 870 31,520 23,560 720 .11 3.98 2.98 .09 11 n.a. 3 17 2 n.a. 33 2 3,880 3,360 .49 .42 12 n.a. 3 n.a. 5,670 2,890 1,710 .72 .37 .22 n.a. 8 9 n.a. 4 3 750 .09 8 2 320 .04 7 1 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 107 Table 27. Amusement and recreation services, except motion pictures: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984—Continued (SIC 79) Occupation Employment1 All other construction and extractive workers, except helpers........................................................................ Precision metal workers............................................................ Machinists ............................................................................... Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings workers................................................................................... Custom tailors and sewers .................................................... Precision workers, n e c .............................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Laundry and drycleaning machine operators and tenders, except pressing ..................................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ..................................................... Hand working occupations, including assemblers and fabricators......................................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................ Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ Bus drivers .............................................................................. Driver/sales workers............................................................... All other motor vehicle operators .......................................... Captains, water vessel .............................................................. Parking lot attendants ............................................................... All other transportation and motor vehicle operators................................................................................. Material moving equipment operators...................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators.................................... All other material moving equipment operators............................................................................... Helpers - mechanics and repairers .......................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand.............................. All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, ha n d .......................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 710 400 400 0.09 .05 .05 10 n.a. 15 1 n.a. 0 490 490 1,000 .06 .06 .13 n.a. 13 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 1,900 .24 n.a. n.a. 900 .11 6 2 190 .02 n.a. n.a. 810 .10 n.a. n.a. 900 120 2,370 .11 .02 .30 n.a. 21 n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. 1,370 320 150 530 160 3,950 .17 .04 .02 .07 .02 .50 14 20 49 16 36 6 2 1 (3) 1 ft 3 300 870 450 .04 n.a. .06 26 n.a. 14 420 610 1,790 .05 .08 .23 20 10 20 3,610 .46 10 3 700 .09 n.a. n.a. .11 ft ft ft 1 2 are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 108 Table 28. Health services, except hospitals: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984 (SIC 80) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3.40 .81 n.a. 4 n.a. 16 3,030 2,590 .10 .08 6 8 4 3 1,680 6,220 36,270 5,950 14,270 9,560 .05 .20 1.18 .19 .46 .31 6 4 3 5 4 5 2 5 20 5 10 5 1,113,020 18,670 36.24 .61 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 14,240 13,050 400 790 .46 .42 .01 .03 n.a. 5 17 18 n.a. 8 (3) ♦ 1 660 .02 10 1 1,350 2,420 .04 .08 8 n.a. 2 n.a. 910 .03 n.a. n.a. 360 .01 48 550 400 3,220 2,000 1,220 .02 .01 .10 .07 .04 n.a. n.a. n.a. 17 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 920 .03 n.a. n.a. 2,960 .10 n.a. n.a. 1,010 1,340 610 .03 .04 .02 15 12 12 1 1 1 10,470 10,100 370 28,780 6,000 10,010 860 2,290 .34 .33 .01 .94 .20 .33 .03 .07 n.a. 8 26 5 6 11 11 6 n.a. 3 0 9 4 3 1 2 1,370 2,750 209,990 70,120 13,900 4,370 .04 .09 6.84 2.28 .45 .14 18 12 2 2 4 8 4,650 5,150 4,990 20,620 .15 .17 .16 .67 8 12 6 4 Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l................................................................................ 3,070,950 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers............................................ Medicine and health services managers................................. Food service and lodging managers........................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 104,560 24,990 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors.................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. All other management support workers................................ Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Industrial engineering technicians and technologists ................................................................. All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Physical scientists...................................................................... Life scientists............................................................................. Medical scientists.................................................................... All other life scientists............................................................ Physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................................... Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aides.................................................. Social scientists, including urban and regional planners................................................................................... Psychologists............................................................................. All other social scientists.......................................................... Social workers, medical and psychiatric.................................. Social workers, except medical and psychiatric...................... Social service technicians......................................................... Clergy.......................................................................................... Nursing instructors..................................................................... Teachers and instructors, vocational education and training ............................................................................. All other teachers and instructors ............................................ Physicians and surgeons.......................................................... Dentists....................................................................................... Optometrists .............................................................................. Podiatrists................................................................................... All other health diagnosing and treating practitioners............................................................................. Respiratory therapists................................................................ Occupational therapists............................................................. Physical therapists..................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 109 0 ft 1 34 17 7 3 2 1 4 9 Table 28. Health services, except hospitals: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984—Continued (SIC 80) Occupation Employment' Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Corrective and manual arts therapists..................................... Speech pathologists and audiologists...................................... Recreational therapists.............................................................. All other therapists..................................................................... Registered nurses...................................................................... Licensed practical nurses ......................................................... Emergency medical technicians................................................ Physicians assistants................................................................. Opticians, dispensing and measuring....................................... Pharmacists ............................................................................... Dietitians and nutritionists......................................................... Dietetic technicians.................................................................... Medical and clinical laboratory technologists........................... Medical and clinical laboratory technicians.............................. Dental hygienists........................................................................ Medical records technicians and technologists....................... Nuclear medicine technologists................................................ Radiologic technologists........................................................... Radiologic technicians............................................................... Electroencephalograph technicians and technologists............................................................................ Electrocardiograph technicians and technologists............................................................................ Surgical technicians............... ................................................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians........................................... Public relations specialists and publicity w rite rs................................................................ Photographers............................................................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ 340 6,090 14,320 2,530 209,940 173,440 450 34,300 19,570 2,380 7,080 5,140 30,910 29,810 78,280 9,680 950 10,880 25,070 0.01 .20 .47 .08 6.84 5.65 .01 1.12 .64 .08 .23 .17 1.01 .97 2.55 .32 .03 .35 .82 21 8 3 12 2 2 36 5 4 7 5 9 4 4 2 4 19 9 5 (3) 4 7 1 32 24 (3) 8 7 2 6 3 6 7 15 6 (3) 3 7 660 .02 26 (3) 1,780 1,160 .06 .04 15 20 1 1 18,380 .60 7 4 1,120 390 .04 .01 10 34 1 (3) 4,970 .16 n.a. n.a. Sales and related occupations .................................................... Cashiers...................................................................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... 12,390 9,000 3,390 .40 .29 .11 n.a. 7 8 n.a. 4 1 634,910 20.67 n.a. n.a. 16,730 116,360 78,110 1,020 163,080 30.500 5,270 .54 3.79 2.54 .03 5.31 .99 .17 4 2 3 10 1 4 8 9 29 26 1 46 12 3 1,270 20,550 .04 .67 6 5 2 7 1,020 610 1,380 .03 .02 .04 10 9 17 1 1 1 2,300 70,360 7,350 18,360 66,500 .07 2.29 .24 .60 2.17 11 2 6 5 3 1 32 7 8 21 15,050 .49 n.a. n.a. 7,790 .25 8 3 2,040 4,600 620 8,970 .07 .15 .02 .29 8 7 n.a. 5 2 3 n.a. 6 Clerical and administrative support occupations.............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Medical secretaries.................................................................... All other secretaries................................................................... Stenographers ............................................................................ Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service...................................................................................... Procurement clerks.................................................................... Statistical c le rk s......................................................................... Interviewing clerks, except personnel and social welfare........................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office c le rk s ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment.............................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators.............................................................. See footnotes at end of table. no Table 28. Health services, except hospitals: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984—Continued (SIC 80) Occupation Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .......................................................................... Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks..................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers.................................................................................... Service occupations..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Housekeepers ............................................................................ All other service supervisors and manager/supervisors.............................................................. Guards and watch guards......................................................... Food and beverage preparation and service workers.................................................................................... Waiters and waitresses.......................................................... Food servers, outside............................................................. Dining room and cafeteria attendants, and bartender helpers................................................................. Counter attendants, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria...................................................... Bakers, bread and pastry....................................................... Cooks, institution or cafeteria................................................. Cooks, short o rd e r.................................................................. Food preparation workers....................................................... All other food service workers............................................... Health service and related workers.......................................... Dental assistants..................................................................... Medical assistants................................................................... Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants............................... Home health aides.................................................................. Psychiatric aides ..................................................................... Physical and corrective therapy assistants and a id e s............................................................ Occupational therapy assistants and aides........................... Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians.......................................... Pharmacy assistants............................................................... All other health service workers ............................................ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Maids and housekeeping cleaners ........................................ Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists ......................... Social welfare service aides...................................................... Child care workers..................................................................... All other service w orkers.......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 2,870 0.09 n.a. n.a. 1,300 .04 6 2 830 .03 10 1 740 .02 n.a. n.a. 7,250 .24 n.a. n.a. 1,104,120 35.95 n.a. n.a. 23,870 19,420 .78 .63 n.a. 4 n.a. 8 4,450 3,090 .14 .10 8 7 2 1 142,390 4,280 14,650 4.64 .14 .48 n.a. 15 7 n.a. (3) 2 8,280 .27 9 1 400 320 39,790 960 64,010 9,700 800,580 136,630 80,600 497,460 47,980 3,380 .01 .01 1.30 .03 2.08 .32 26.07 4.45 2.62 16.20 1.56 .11 28 18 2 20 3 n.a. n.a. 1 3 1 6 26 (3) (3) 10 (3) 7 n.a. n.a. 20 14 12 3 0 15,670 2,770 .51 .09 4 9 7 2 770 1,360 13,960 .03 .04 .45 41 16 7 120,680 74,260 3.93 2.42 n.a. 2 n.a. 13 43,960 1.43 3 16 2,460 1,660 7,930 1,190 2,730 .08 .05 .26 .04 .09 n.a. 8 15 29 n.a. n.a. 1 1 (3) n.a. 6,040 6,040 .20 .20 n.a. 7 n.a. 3 95,910 3.12 n.a. n.a. 2,370 .08 n.a. n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment Ill 0 1 3 Table 28. Health services, except hospitals: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984—Continued (SIC 80) Occupation Employment1 First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related..................................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Precision workers, n e c .............................................................. Precision optical goods w orkers............................................ Precision dental laboratory technicians............................................................................ All other precision workers, n e c............................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Laundry and drycleaning machine operators and tenders, except pressing ..................................................... Pressing machine operators and tenders, textile, garment, and related materials................................................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ...................................................... Hand working occupations, including assemblers and fabricators......................................................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ All other motor vehicle operators .......................................... All other transportation and motor vehicle operators ................................................................................. Helpers - laborers and material movers, hand .......................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,210 0.04 9 1 1,160 17,670 16,310 1,360 .04 .58 .53 .04 n.a. n.a. 3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 9 n.a. 1,060 35,000 380 .03 1.14 .01 n.a. n.a. 23 n.a. n.a. (3) 33,720 900 1.10 .03 4 n.a. 4 n.a. 25,510 .83 n.a. n.a. 24,190 .79 3 7 370 .01 30 (3) 240 .01 n.a. n.a. 710 .02 n.a. n.a. 1,140 10,300 .04 .34 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 6,430 3,870 .21 .13 5 11 3 1 660 .02 20 (3) 1,680 .05 24 (3) 520 .02 n.a. n.a. are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment 112 Table 29. Legal services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984 (SIC 81) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 634,470 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ All other administrative managers............................................ Property and real estate managers and administrators.......................................................................... General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 9,050 3,810 1.43 .60 n.a. 10 n.a. 11 700 630 210 .11 .10 .03 8 16 n.a. 5 4 n.a. 770 2,240 690 .12 .35 .11 26 13 n.a. 1 7 n.a. 277,330 3,100 43.71 .49 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,380 .38 n.a. n.a. 280 440 .04 .07 16 n.a. 2 n.a. 770 .12 n.a. n.a. 110 460 200 206,810 22,040 37,950 1,200 960 .02 .07 .03 32.60 3.47 5.98 .19 .15 19 30 25 1 5 4 24 29 1 2 1 86 29 40 1,160 2,700 .18 .43 26 8 3 10 640 .10 n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. n.a. 339,760 53.55 n.a. n.a. 3,240 630 840 810 199,360 16,400 5,380 18,900 4,320 19,590 .51 .10 .13 .13 31.42 2.58 .85 2.98 .68 3.09 9 46 8 42 1 8 16 4 14 5 9 1 3 (3) 88 14 4 37 6 23 520 9,250 23,390 1,140 650 12,900 .08 1.46 3.69 .18 .10 2.03 18 7 4 15 14 7 2 18 45 6 3 20 5,330 .84 n.a. n.a. 1,830 1,500 .29 .24 16 11 6 4 230 .04 16 1 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations................ ............................................ Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. All other management support workers................................ Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aides.................................................. Lawyers...................................................................................... Law clerks.................................................................................. Paralegal personnel................................................................... Title searchers........................................................................... Title examiners and abstractors................................................ All other legal assistants and technicians, except clerical......................................................................... Librarians, professional ............................................................. All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers............................... Sales and related occupations.................................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Bill and account collectors ....................................................... Library assistants and bookmobile drivers.............................. Real estate clerks...................................................................... Legal secretaries........................................................................ All other secretaries................................................................... Stenographers........................................................................... Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office c le rks................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Duplicating machine operators............................................... Mail machine operators, preparation and handling ................................................................................ 20 See footnotes at end of table. 113 3 2 Table 29. Legal services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, May 1984—Continued (SIC 81) Occupation Employment1 Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators.................................... Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators.............................................................. Mail clerks, except mail machine operators and postal service........................................................................... Messengers................................................................................ Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... Service occupations ..................................................................... Detectives and investigators, except public............................. All other protective service workers......................................... Food and beverage preparation and service w orkers.................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. All other service w orkers.......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations.............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations.............................................................................. Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route w orkers................................................................... All other transportation and material moving equipment operators............................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 600 90 950 130 5,870 0.09 .01 .15 .02 .93 16 35 16 38 7 3 (3) 4 1 15 1,620 7,080 .26 1.12 10 7 4 12 490 .08 n.a. n.a. 300 .05 13 2 190 .03 41 (3) 2,050 .32 n.a. n.a. 7,080 1,230 190 1.12 .19 .03 n.a. 20 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. 310 .05 23 1 5,150 200 .81 .03 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 400 400 .06 .06 n.a. 36 n.a. 1 830 .13 n.a. n.a. 150 .02 49 (3) 150 .02 n.a. n.a. 530 .08 n.a. n.a. are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment 114 Table 30. Social services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984 (SIC 83) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 7.58 1.51 n.a. 3 n.a. 39 2,460 960 .20 .08 5 10 7 3 2,830 6,220 7,670 3,190 7,880 26,420 17,410 .23 .50 .62 .26 .64 2.14 1.41 6 4 4 5 6 2 3 6 10 11 7 13 39 18 446,980 22,670 36.17 1.83 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 8,210 6,510 940 760 .66 .53 .08 .06 n.a. 4 8 10 n.a. 15 2 2 560 .05 7 2 1,990 .16 9 2 4,760 250 .39 .02 6 15 7 1 510 6,390 .04 .52 20 6 1 7 530 .04 26 1 330 .03 18 (3) 1,270 .10 n.a. n.a. 290 630 350 420 .02 .05 .03 .03 13 8 9 n.a. 1 2 1 n.a. 8,280 360 7,440 480 32,370 57,100 32,070 16,130 1,320 680 370 270 1,060 460 .67 .03 .60 .04 2.62 4.62 2.59 1.31 .11 .06 .03 .02 .09 .04 n.a. 22 11 n.a. 4 3 4 5 n.a. 10 26 40 14 22 n.a. 1 7 n.a. 14 31 18 14 n.a. 2 1 0 1 0 190 220 143,130 2,780 .02 .02 11.58 .22 n.a. 37 1 11 n.a. 17,670 1.43 4 9 Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l................................................................................ 1,235,850 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ Education administrators........................................................... Medicine and health services managers................................. Food service and lodging managers........................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 93,660 18,620 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors..................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Employment interviewers, private or public employjment service ............................................................ Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators........................................................................ Compliance officers and enforcement inspectors, except construction........................................... All other management support workers................................ Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................................... Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing.................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer a ides.................................................. Mathematical scientists............................................................. Social scientists, including urban and regional planners................................................................................... Urban and regional planners.................................................... Psychologists............................................................................. All other social scientists.......................................................... Social workers, medical and psychiatric.................................. Social workers, except medical and psychiatric...................... Social service technicians......................................................... Recreation workers.................................................................... Religious workers....................................................................... Clergy.......................................................................................... Directors, religious activities and education............................. All other religious w orkers........................................................ Lawyers ...................................................................................... Paralegal personnel................................................................... All other legal assistants and technicians, except clerical......................................................................... Lecturers .................................................................................... Teachers, preschool and kindergarten .................................... Teachers, elementary sch o o l.................................................... Teachers and instructors, vocational education and training ............................................................................. See footnotes at end of table. 115 fl 29 1 Table 30. Social services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984—Continued (SIC 83) Occupation Instructors, nonvocational education........................................ Instructors and coaches, sports and physical training......................................................................... All other teachers and instructors ............................................ Librarians, professional ............................................................. Technical assistants, library...................................................... Vocational and educational counselors................................... Instructional coordinators.......................................................... Physicians and surgeons.......................................................... Occupational therapists............................................................. Physical therapists..................................................................... Corrective and manual arts therapists..................................... Recreational therapists.............................................................. All other therapists..................................................................... Registered nurses...................................................................... Licensed practical nurses......................................................... Pharmacists............................................................................... Dietitians and nutritionists......................................................... Dietetic technicians.................................................................... Medical records technicians and technologists....................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians........................................... Writers and editors..................................................................... Public relations specialists and publicity w rite rs................................................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations.................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Cashiers...................................................................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support w orkers.......................... Welfare eligibility workers and interviewers.............................. Library assistants and bookmobile drivers.............................. Teachers aides and educational assistants, clerical...................................................................................... Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers........................................................................... Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Interviewing clerks, except personnel and social welfare.......................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office cle rks................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Duplicating machine operators............................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators........................................ Switchboard operators.............................................................. Mail clerks, except mail machine operators and postal service.......................................................................... Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 13,600 1.10 6 8 860 13,280 220 170 14,390 2,320 1,660 1,800 1,400 280 1,740 2,240 17,350 11,820 180 2,970 780 1,120 .07 1.07 .02 .01 1.16 .19 .13 .15 .11 .02 .14 .18 1.40 .96 .01 .24 .06 .09 12 6 18 28 4 8 8 9 9 27 6 9 3 3 14 6 10 7 1 5 1 (3) 9 3 3 3 3 (3) 3 3 16 10 1 8 1 3 10,030 390 .81 .03 6 14 4 1 4,960 .40 6 10 5,420 .44 n.a. n.a. 12,420 1.00 n.a. n.a. 2,350 3,350 6,720 .19 .27 .54 9 8 9 2 2 3 214,660 17.37 n.a. n.a. 6,090 2,830 230 .49 .23 .02 4 8 17 9 2 (3) 71,370 43,820 660 14,110 8,090 1,980 5.77 3.55 .05 1.14 .65 .16 2 2 9 4 4 7 23 51 1 23 11 4 840 1,690 .07 .14 4 10 3 3 650 24,010 3,390 790 19,230 .05 1.94 .27 .06 1.56 14 2 4 6 4 1 44 10 2 19 3,410 .28 n.a. n.a. 700 380 .06 .03 11 8 2 1 640 1,310 380 3,200 .05 .11 .03 .26 8 18 n.a. 4 2 2 n.a. 8 680 .06 12 1 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 116 Table 30. Social services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984—Continued (SIC 83) Occupation Messengers................................................................................ Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard ......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers.................................................................................... Service occupations .................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Housekeepers ............................................................................ All other service supervisors and manager/supervisors.............................................................. Guards and watch guards......................................................... Food and beverage preparation and service workers.................................................................................... Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge or coffee s h o p .......................................................................... Waiters and waitresses.......................................................... Dining room and cafeteria attendants, and bartender helpers................................................................. Counter attendants, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria..................................................... Cooks, restaurant.................................................................... Cooks, institution or cafeteria................................................. Cooks, specialty fast food ..................................................... Food preparation workers...................................................... All other food service workers............................................... Health service and related workers.......................................... Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants............................... Home health aides.................................................................. Psychiatric aides ..................................................................... Physical and corrective therapy assistants and aid e s............................................................ Occupational therapy assistants and aides........................... All other health service workers............................................ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Maids and housekeeping cleaners........................................ Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households................................... Amusement and recreation attendants.................................... Social welfare service aides..................................................... Child care workers.................................................................... All other service workers .......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Animal caretakers, except fa rm ................................................ All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers....................................................................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors • production, construction, maintenance, and related w orkers................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 410 0.03 8 1 2,890 .23 n.a. n.a. 1,870 .15 10 3 1,020 .08 12 1 4,290 .35 n.a. n.a. 356,950 28.88 n.a. n.a. 11,770 6,720 .95 .54 n.a. 5 n.a. 10 5,050 5,460 .41 .44 6 6 5 5 72,400 5.86 n.a. n.a. 380 6,230 .03 .50 14 7 1 2 5,980 .48 6 3 710 360 32,960 370 20,740 4,670 105,080 47,200 47,240 1,280 .06 .03 2.67 .03 1.68 .38 8.50 3.82 3.82 .10 15 15 2 23 3 n.a. n.a. 3 3 17 '1 0 36 (3) 16 n.a. n.a. 9 4 (3) 720 490 8,150 .06 .04 .66 15 15 8 1 1 3 43,450 16,560 3.52 1.34 n.a. 3 n.a. 12 25,480 2.06 3 27 1,410 1,400 22,570 85,870 8,950 .11 .11 1.83 6.95 .72 n.a. 15 6 3 n.a. n.a. 1 3 17 n.a. 5,360 4,460 230 .43 .36 .02 n.a. 6 29 n.a. 7 (3) 670 .05 20 1 105,820 8.56 n.a. n.a. 12,880 1.04 n.a. n.a. 6,730 .54 6 8 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 117 Table 30. Social services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984—Continued (SIC 83) Occupation Employment1 First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers..................................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related...................................................... Inspectors and related occupations......................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Electricians............................................................................... Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................ All other construction and extractive workers, except helpers......................................................................... Precision production occupations............................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic........................................................ Laundry and drycleaning machine operators and tenders, except pressing...................................................... Pressing machine operators and tenders, textile, garment, and related materials................................................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and pla stic...................................................... Hand working occupations, including assemblers and fabricators......................................................................... Plant and system workers ......................................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ Bus drivers............................................................................... Bus drivers, school.................................................................. Driver/sales workers............................................................... All other motor vehicle operators .......................................... All other transportation and material moving equipment operators............................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, h a n d ........................................................................... Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 870 0.07 14 1 600 .05 11 2 4,680 1,250 12,840 11,850 990 .38 .10 1.04 .96 .08 7 14 16 3 13 3 1 19 18 1 5,440 4,150 240 .44 .34 .02 n.a. 7 11 n.a. 4 1 910 .07 16 1 140 .01 12 (3) 1,740 440 .14 .04 12 19 1 (3) 4,390 .36 n.a. n.a. 2,730 .22 4 4 220 .02 14 0 480 .04 45 ft 960 .08 18 (3) 19,960 140 25,830 1.62 .01 2.09 8 16 n.a. 2 0 n.a. 4,940 8,240 8,100 480 4,070 .40 .67 .66 .04 .33 6 6 4 13 7 6 8 7 1,030 3,860 .08 .31 16 9 1 3 16,020 1.30 7 3 ft 4 are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Perce nt of total employment 118 Table 31. Museums and botanical and zoological gardens: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984 (SIC 84) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 39,230 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 3,410 390 8.69 .99 n.a. 6 n.a. 31 120 50 .31 .13 9 15 11 5 340 280 1,370 860 .87 .71 3.49 2.19 6 9 3 n.a. 25 19 69 n.a. 9,870 890 25.16 2.27 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 520 280 1.33 .71 n.a. 16 n.a. 5 170 .43 19 3 50 290 960 1,010 480 250 .13 .74 2.45 2.57 1.22 .64 42 16 9 13 7 8 1 7 23 12 24 12 3,360 260 8.56 .66 4 8 69 13 380 270 .97 .69 6 8 26 15 1,220 3.11 n.a. n.a. 3,530 9.00 n.a. n.a. 540 2,160 830 1.38 5.51 2.12 7 6 9 29 33 13 6,550 16.70 n.a. n.a. 630 140 2,140 80 730 280 80 680 80 650 1.61 .36 5.46 .20 1.86 .71 .20 1.73 .20 1.66 8 10 3 14 6 8 11 4 8 10 27 7 63 3 39 12 7 45 8 19 150 190 .38 .48 n.a. 6 n.a. 13 240 .61 n.a. n.a. 170 .43 15 6 70 .18 13 1 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Life scientists............................................................................. Physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................................... Social scientists, including urban and regional planners................................................................................... Lecturers .................................................................................... Instructors, nonvocational education........................................ All other teachers and instructors ............................................ Librarians, professional ............................................................. Technical assistants, library...................................................... Curators, archivists, museum technicians, and restorers .................................................................................. Writers and editors..................................................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers ................................................................ Designers, except interior designers........................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations .................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Cashiers...................................................................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Library assistants and bookmobile drivers............................... Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers........................................................................... Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Switchboard operators .............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd .......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. See footnotes at end of table. 119 Table 31. Museums and botanical and zoological gardens: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984—Continued (SIC 84) Occupation Employment' All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... Service occupations ..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Guards and watch guards......................................................... Food and beverage preparation and service workers.................................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... Guides ........................................................................................ All other service workers .......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Animal caretakers, except fa rm ................................................ Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related...................................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. All other construction and extractive workers, except helpers......................................................................... Hand working occupations, including assemblers and fabricators......................................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................ Transportation equipment operators........................................ Helpers - laborers and material movers, h a n d .......................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 480 1.22 n.a. n.a. 10,870 27.71 n.a. n.a. 480 3,660 1.22 9.33 6 4 23 34 1,000 2.55 8 9 1,980 5.05 n.a. n.a. 1,660 4.23 5 54 320 3,390 360 .82 8.64 .92 8 7 15 16 25 4 2,410 1,400 1,010 6.14 3.57 2.57 n.a. 5 6 n.a. 33 10 2,590 6.60 n.a. n.a. 220 .56 n.a. n.a. 70 .18 9 5 150 1,130 1,010 120 .38 2.88 2.57 .31 n.a. 21 5 15 n.a. 35 32 3 510 280 80 1.30 .71 .20 n.a. 8 9 n.a. 14 5 150 .38 17 6 80 .20 n.a. n.a. 70 70 150 .18 .18 .38 17 n.a. n.a. 2 n.a. n.a. 280 .71 n.a. n.a. 80 .20 n.a. n.a. are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment: relative standard errors Percent of total employment 120 Table 32. Membership organizations, except religious organizations: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984 (SIC 86, except SIC 866) Occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation T o ta l................................................................................ 647,430 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ Education administrators........................................................... Medicine and health services managers................................. Food service and lodging managers........................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 97,850 18,400 15.11 2.84 n.a. 2 n.a. 30 4,770 450 .74 .07 8 7 5 2 2,900 3,720 1,630 280 1,560 30,430 33,710 .45 .57 .25 .04 .24 4.70 5.21 6 7 7 13 6 2 3 5 5 3 1 3 31 19 172,300 66,870 26.61 10.33 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 9,310 7,450 280 1,580 1.44 1.15 .04 .24 n.a. 4 11 9 n.a. 12 1 220 .03 10 1 270 .04 17 1 43,460 80 6.71 .01 3 23 16 (3) 2,720 10,810 490 .42 1.67 .08 12 6 17 1 6 (3) 1,380 80 280 .21 .01 .04 13 30 23 1 (3) 0 410 .06 30 (3) 1,900 .29 n.a. n.a. 640 920 340 920 600 320 .10 .14 .05 .14 .09 .05 8 6 9 n.a. n.a. 36 1 2 1 n.a. n.a. (3) 890 460 210 220 1,010 3,810 1,650 26,010 250 2,230 200 120 .14 .07 .03 .03 .16 .59 .25 4.02 .04 .34 .03 .02 n.a. 16 29 n.a. 10 7 9 4 n.a. 7 18 22 n.a. 1 (3) n.a. 1 3 2 8 n.a. 3 (3) (3) 380 250 3,380 .06 .04 .52 21 33 6 (3) (3) 2 Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers.................................................. Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors.................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Employment interviewers, private or public employjment service ............................................................ Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators....................................................................... Compliance officers and enforcement inspectors, except construction........................................... All other management support workers................................ Engineers................................................................................... Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Physical scientists...................................................................... Life scientists............................................................................. Physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................................... Computer scientists and related workers .................................... ............................................ Systems analysts, electronic data processing .................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aides................................................. Mathematical scientists and related workers........................... Mathematical scientists............................................................. Mathematical technicians.......................................................... Social scientists, including urban and regional planners................................................................................... Economists, including market research analysts..................... Urban and regional planners.................................................... All other social scientists.......................................................... Social workers, medical and psychiatric.................................. Social workers, except medical and psychiatric...................... Social service technicians......................................................... Recreation workers.................................................................... Religious workers...................................................................... Lawyers...................................................................................... Law clerks.................................................................................. Paralegal personnel................................................................... All other legal assistants and technicians, except clerical......................................................................... Lecturers.................................................................................... Teachers, preschool and kindergarten .................................... See footnotes at end of table. 121 2- Table 32. Membership organizations, except religious organizations: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984—Continued (SIC 86, except SIC 866) Occupation Teachers and instructors, vocational education and training ............................................................................. Instructors, nonvocational education........................................ Instructors and coaches, sports and physical training......................................................................... All other teachers and instructors ............................................ Librarians, professional ............................................................. Technical assistants, library...................................................... Vocational and educational counselors................................... Instructional coordinators............................... „ ........................ Physicians and surgeons .......................................................... Physical therapists..................................................................... Recreational therapists.............................................................. Registered nurses...................................................................... Licensed practical nurses......................................................... Pharmacists ............................................................................... Dietitians and nutritionists......................................................... Dietetic technicians.................................................................... Medical records technicians and technologists....................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians........................................... Writers and editors..................................................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers ................................................................ Music directors, singers, composers, and related workers........................................................................ Musicians, instrumental............................................................. All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations .................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers................................................................ Cashiers...................................................................................... All other sales and related workers ......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Welfare eligibility workers and interviewers.............................. Travel c le rks.............................................................................. Library assistants and bookmobile drivers .............................. Teachers aides and educational assistants, clerical...................................................................................... Secretaries................................................................................. Stenographers........................................................................... Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... Typists ........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Interviewing clerks, except personnel and social welfare.......................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Payroll and timekeeping cle rks................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Duplicating machine operators............................................... Mail machine operators, preparation and handling ................................................................................ Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Employment' Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 3,980 7,600 0.61 1.17 9 6 2 3 18,930 2,100 490 210 520 500 470 80 190 790 330 70 290 360 90 2.92 .32 .08 .03 .08 .08 .07 .01 .03 .12 .05 .01 .04 .06 .01 4 n.a. 9 19 19 11 41 34 26 15 21 47 33 18 34 5 n.a. 1 (3) 1 1 (3) (3) (3) 1 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 1,140 5,720 .18 .88 n.a. 4 n.a. 8 7,670 1.18 4 11 * 310 1,050 .05 .16 28 24 (3) (3) 6,900 1.07 n.a. n.a. 15,570 2.40 n.a. n.a. 2,160 2,670 10,740 .33 .41 1.66 7 6 4 3 2 4 176,630 27.28 n.a. n.a. 6,200 320 6,640 190 .96 .05 1.03 .03 4 22 7 20 7 (3) 3 (3) 2,760 54,730 2,630 14,540 6,420 4,020 .43 8.45 .41 2.25 .99 .62 8 1 6 3 4 4 2 50 3 19 8 6 490 2,410 .08 .37 21 6 1 4 770 23,270 2,190 530 28,540 .12 3.59 .34 .08 4.41 25 2 5 12 2 (3) 36 5 1 23 6,480 1.00 n.a. n.a. 280 650 .04 .10 15 7 1,710 .26 5 4 990 .15 7 2 See footnotes at end of table. Perce nt of total employment 122 ft 2 Table 32. Membership organizations, except religious organizations: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984—Continued (SIC 86, except SIC 866) Occupation Peripheral EDP equipment operators.................................... Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators.............................................................. Mail clerks, except mail machine operators and postal service........................................................................... Messengers................................................................................ Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage y a rd ......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support workers.................................................................................... Service occupations..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Housekeepers ............................................................................ All other service supervisors and manager/supervisors.............................................................. Guards and watch guards......................................................... Food and beverage preparation and service workers.................................................................................... Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge or coffee s h o p ........................................................................... Bartenders............................................................................... Waiters and waitresses.......................................................... Dining room and cafeteria attendants, and bartender helpers................................................................. Counter attendants, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria...................................................... Cooks, restaurant.................................................................... Cooks, institution or cafeteria................................................. Cooks, specialty fast fo o d ...................................................... Cooks, short o rd e r.................................................................. Food preparation workers...................................................... All other food service workers............................................... Health service and related workers.......................................... Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants............................... Home health aides.................................................................. All other health service w orkers............................................ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Maids and housekeeping cleaners........................................ Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. Elevator operators................................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... Amusement and recreation attendants.................................... Child care workers..................................................................... All other service w orkers.......................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Animal caretakers, except fa rm ................................................ All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers........................................................................ Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 140 2,390 320 3,300 0.02 .37 .05 .51 20 6 16 4 t3) 3 (3) 7 2,020 320 .31 .05 5 10 4 1 1,940 .30 n.a. n.a. 960 .15 6 2 980 .15 11 1 5,920 .91 7 3 153,650 23.73 n.a. n.a. 2,320 790 .36 .12 n.a. 7 n.a. 2 1,530 5,840 .24 .90 7 6 2 5 97,960 15.13 n.a. n.a. 820 38,020 27,670 .13 5.87 4.27 7 2 3 1 18 12 8,260 1.28 6 5 720 7,340 2,570 380 160 9,600 2,420 1,100 310 480 310 .11 1.13 .40 .06 .02 1.48 .37 .17 .05 .07 .05 19 3 6 15 15 4 12 n.a. 24 28 n.a. 8 3 1 (3) 7 1 n.a. (3) (3) n.a. 27,690 4,510 4.28 .70 n.a. 5 n.a. 5 22,420 200 3.46 .03 2 21 27 f) 560 7,760 5,100 5,880 .09 1.20 .79 .91 13 6 6 n.a. 1 3 3 n.a. 10,450 5,280 3,840 1.61 .82 .59 n.a. 7 7 n.a. 5 2 1,330 .21 16 1 20,980 3.24 n.a. n.a. 3,910 .60 n.a. n.a. See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 123 (3) Table 32. Membership organizations, except religious organizations: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1984— Continued (SIC 86, except SIC 866) Occupation Employment1 First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related...................................................... Inspectors and related occupations ......................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................................................................ All other construction and extractive workers, except helpers......................................................................... Precision production occupations............................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic........................................................ Laundry and drycleaning machine operators and tenders, except pressing ...................................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ...................................................... Plant and system workers ......................................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................ Bus drivers .............................................................................. Bus drivers, school.................................................................. All other motor vehicle operators .......................................... All other transportation and material moving equipment operators............................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand............................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand ........................................................................... All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 4 3,260 0.50 6 230 .04 28 420 360 8,060 7,580 480 .06 .06 1.24 1.17 .07 n.a. 26 16 4 12 n.a. (3) 9 9 (3) 790 330 150 .12 .05 .02 n.a. 13 14 n.a. 1 (3) 240 .04 17 (3) 70 .01 22 (3) 350 330 .05 .05 22 21 (3) (3) 1,020 .16 n.a. n.a. 280 .04 11 1 350 .05 15 1 390 180 2,120 .06 .03 .33 n.a. 42 n.a. n.a. (3) n.a. 910 300 290 620 .14 .05 .04 .10 11 12 13 11 1 (3) (3) 1 410 830 .06 .13 n.a. 16 n.a. 1 2,440 .38 13 1 180 .03 n.a. n.a. (3) are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment 124 Table 33. Miscellaneous services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1984 (SIC 89) Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 6.42 1.33 n.a. 5 n.a. 23 2,220 1,060 .19 .09 6 10 7 3 3,250 8,560 3,860 25,110 15,000 .28 .74 .33 2.16 1.29 8 7 17 4 6 7 11 3 20 8 742,660 218,750 63.94 18.83 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 198,070 20,260 172,440 1,400 3,970 17.05 1.74 14.85 .12 .34 n.a. 7 2 21 15 n.a. 12 42 2 3 2,020 .17 10 3 1,940 5,200 4,990 6,530 160,510 .17 .45 .43 .56 13.82 9 11 11 10 n.a. 4 5 2 4 n.a. 1,920 .17 23 1 830 .07 21 1 620 1,340 4,290 2,600 67,310 240 30,980 3,270 660 29,870 2,110 14,470 44,430 19,600 .05 .12 .37 .22 5.79 .02 2.67 .28 .06 2.57 .18 1.25 3.83 1.69 41 29 15 21 4 39 6 14 26 6 25 15 6 8 1 1 3 1 23 4,600 .40 n.a. n.a. 192,070 16.54 n.a. n.a. 25,620 2.21 6 14 16,820 1.45 8 7 440 .04 37 (3) 6,220 107,000 .54 9.21 11 3 3 37 25,440 2.19 7 12 10,530 .91 12 3 Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l................................................................................ 1,161,550 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations............................... Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers ............................................ Construction managers ............................................................. General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators.................................... 74,520 15,460 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers.................................................. Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Tax preparers....................................................................... Accountants and auditors.................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Cost estimators....................................................................... Management analysts............................................................. All other management support workers................................ Engineers ................................................................................... Aeronautical and astronautical engineers ............................................................................... Metallurgists, and metallurgical, ceramic, and materials engineers...................................................... Mining engineers, including mine s a fe ty............................................................................ Petroleum engineers............................................................... Chemical engineers................................................................. Nuclear engineers................................................................... Civil engineers, including traffic.............................................. Agricultural engineers............................................................. Electrical and electronic engineers........................................ Industrial engineers, except sa fe ty........................................ Safety engineers, except mining............................................ Mechanical engineers............................................................. Marine engineers..................................................................... All other engineers.................................................................. Architects, except landscape and marine................................ Surveying and mapping scientists ............................................ All other architects and surveying and mapping scientists.................................................................................. Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Civil engineering technicians and technologists........................................................................ Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists.............................................. Industrial engineering technicians and technologists................................................................. Mechanical engineering technicians and technologists................................................................. Drafters.................................................................................... Surveying and mapping technicians and technologists........................................................................ All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. See footnotes at end of table. 125 0 12 2 1 12 1 3 16 10 Table 33. Miscellaneous services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1984—Continued (SIC 89) Occupation Physical scientists............................................................ Physicists and astronomers............................................ Chemists, except biochemists......................................... Atmospheric and space scientists................................... Geologists, geophysicists, and oceanographers ........................................................... All other physical scientists ............................................ Life scientists................................................................... Biological scientists........................................................ Medical scientists........................................................... All other life scientists.................................................... Physical and life science technicians and technologists.......................................................... Biological, agricultural, and food technicians and technologists, except health .............................................................. Chemical technicians and technologists, except health ......................................... Nuclear technicians and technologists.............................. Petroleum technicians and technologists................................................................ All other physical and life science technicians and technologists........................................ Computer scientists and related workers ...................................................................... Systems analysts, electronic data processing .......................................................... Computer programmers.................................................. All other computer systems analysts, programmers, and programmer aides ............................ Mathematical scientists and related workers....................... Operations and systems researchers and analysts, except computer.............................................. Statisticians..................................................................... Actuaries ........................................................................ Financial analysts, statistical............................................. All other mathematical scientists........................................ Mathematical technicians.................................................. Social scientists, including urban and regional planners........................................................................ Economists, including market research analysts.................. Urban and regional planners............................................. Psychologists................................................................... All other social scientists.................................................. Social workers, medical and psychiatric.............................. Social workers, except medical and psychiatric................... Social service technicians................................................. Lawyers.......................................................................... Legal assistants and technicians, except clerical.......................................................................... Lecturers ........................................................................ Instructors, nonvocational education................................... All other teachers and instructors ...................................... Librarians, professional ..................................................... Technical assistants, library............................................... Curators, archivists, museum technicians, and restorers ....................................................................... Instructional coordinators.................................................. Registered nurses............................................................ Medical and clinical laboratory technologists....................... Medical and clinical laboratory technicians.......................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians..................................... Writers and editors........................................................... Technical writers.............................................................. Public relations specialists and publicity writers....................................................... Photographers................................................................. Artists and related workers................................................ Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 10,770 2,020 2,200 810 0.93 .17 .19 .07 n.a. 19 13 28 n.a. 1 1 (3) 3,520 2,220 7,640 4,130 2,210 1,300 .30 .19 .66 .36 .19 .11 11 15 n.a. 13 20 n.a. 3 2 n.a. 1 1 n.a. 7,970 .69 n.a. n.a. 2,340 .20 17 1 1,490 1,180 .13 .10 20 25 1 (3) 460 .04 32 (3) 2,500 .22 18 1 18,400 1.58 n.a. n.a. 7,130 9,000 .61 .77 8 7 6 9 2,270 6,820 .20 .59 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,930 720 1,900 410 950 910 .17 .06 .16 .04 .08 .08 16 27 11 18 26 23 1 1 1 1 (3) (3) 4,720 750 1,110 1,070 1,790 480 1,080 720 800 .41 .06 .10 .09 .15 .04 .09 .06 .07 n.a. 21 22 25 22 35 24 40 16 n.a. 1 1 1 1 (3) (3) (3) 2 440 210 880 2,120 1,150 380 .04 .02 .08 .18 .10 .03 n.a. 39 29 22 9 11 n.a. (3) (3) 1 4 1 150 2,060 990 1,560 520 .01 .18 .09 43 21 23 (3) .13 25 .04 30 (3) (3) 1,690 2,120 2,660 .15 .18 .23 n.a. 12 10 n.a. 1,080 500 2,690 .09 .04 .23 13 15 3 1 13 2 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 126 1 1 2 3 Table 33. Miscellaneous services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1984—Continued (SIC 89) Occupation Designers, except interior designers................................... All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers........................... Sales and related occupations ............................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, sales and related workers....................................................... Sales agents, selected business services......................... Sales engineers................................................................ Sales representatives, scientific and related products and services, except retail................................. Sales representatives, except scientific and related products or services and retail.............................. All other sales and related workers ................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers ...................... Library assistants and bookmobile drivers .......................... Proofreaders and copy markers......................................... Secretaries...................................................................... Stenographers................................................................. Receptionists and information clerks.................................. Typists ............................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment................................... Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping................................................................... File clerks........................................................................ Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service.......................................................................... Statistical clerks............................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks..................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks.......................................... Billing, cost and rate clerks............................................... General office clerks ........................................................ Electronic data processing and other office machine operators............................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators.................................................................... Duplicating machine operators........................................ Mail machine operators, preparation and handling ..................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment................................................................... Peripheral EDP equipment operators ...................................... Data entry keyers, except composing.............................. All other office machine operators ................................... Switchboard operators ...................................................... Mail clerks, except mail machine operators and postal service................................................................ Messengers..................................................................... Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers.............................. Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard............................................................... Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks......................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers ..................................................... All other clerical and administrative support workers......................................................................... Service occupations........................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ......................................... Guards and watch guards.................................................. Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 11,880 1.02 11 5 10,220 .88 n.a. n.a. 12,160 1.05 n.a. n.a. 1,270 3,410 3,160 .11 .29 .27 22 18 15 2 2 3 1,980 .17 18 2 1,280 1,060 .11 .09 14 30 2 1 279,690 24.08 n.a. n.a. 9,410 600 1,280 84,590 2,420 14,940 10,190 18,620 .81 .05 .11 7.28 .21 1.29 .88 1.60 5 11 10 2 10 4 6 4 14 2 2 69 2 26 12 24 1,200 4,560 .10 .39 13 11 4 8 1,540 2,870 52,920 3,210 1,000 27,440 .13 .25 4.56 .28 .09 2.36 17 24 4 9 12 5 2 1 48 8 2 24 26,660 2.30 n.a. n.a. 950 1,850 .08 .16 28 7 1 5 480 .04 19 1 11,210 590 10,680 900 2,350 .97 .05 .92 .08 .20 6 17 7 20 7 14 1 11 1 7 2,110 1,700 .18 .15 6 9 5 5 3,660 .32 n.a. n.a. 1,580 .14 18 2 940 .08 15 2 1,140 .10 29 1 6,420 .55 15 3 12,640 1.09 n.a. n.a. 1,200 1,700 .10 .15 14 16 2 1 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 127 Table 33. Miscellaneous services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1984—Continued (SIC 89) Occupation Food and beverage preparation and service workers......................................................................... Cleaning and building service workers, except private households......................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners.......................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ............................... All other service workers.................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations................................................................... Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm...................... Animal caretakers, except farm ......................................... All other agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related workers.............................................................. Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations................................................................... First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ...................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - production and operating workers........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/superv-transp and material moving machine and vehicle workers........................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related.............................................. Precision inspectors, testers, and graders........................... All other inspectors, testers and related occupations................................................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers.................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility............................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers.................... Construction trades workers, except material moving......................................................................... Carpenters..................................................................... Electricians.................................................................... Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance......................................................... Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters................................................................. All other construction and extractive workers, except helpers............................................................... Precision metal workers.................................................... Machinists ..................................................................... Precision workers, nec...................................................... Machine setters, set-up operators, operators and tenders................................................................... Other hand workers, nec.................................................. Welders and cutters....................................................... All other hand workers, nec............................................. Motor vehicle operators.................................................... Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers.......................................................... All other transportation and material moving equipment operators....................................................... Freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......................... All other helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand................................................................ Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 1,080 0.09 29 1 6,680 .58 n.a. n.a. 5,380 .46 8 7 1,300 1,980 .11 .17 35 26 1 1 1,880 840 740 .16 .07 .06 n.a. 20 23 n.a. 1 0 300 .03 n.a. n.a. 38,000 3.27 n.a. n.a. 2,360 .20 n.a. n.a. 800 .07 23 1 830 .07 16 1 130 .01 34 600 2,050 .05 .18 22 23 1 1 1,820 5,860 4,260 1,600 .16 .50 .37 .14 26 50 17 33 1 4 3 1 2,340 800 770 .20 .07 .07 n.a. 38 23 n.a. 1 1 280 .02 33 0 490 .04 35 0 3,270 2,500 2,500 2,880 .28 .22 .22 .25 22 n.a. 21 17 1 n.a. 1 1 870 3,260 870 2,390 1,330 .07 .28 .07 .21 .11 39 n.a. 27 n.a. n.a. 1 n.a. 1 n.a. n.a. 1,330 .11 23 1 1,050 1,770 .09 .15 28 26 1 1 6,100 .53 14 2 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 128 0 Table 33. Miscellaneous services: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, June 1984—Continued (SIC 89) Occupation Employment1 All other production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations......................................................... 540 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percent of total employment 0.05 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation n.a. n.a. are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Estimated employment is rounded to the nearest 10. 129 Appendix A. Survey Methods and Reliability of Estimates Scope of the Survey Concepts The survey covered private nonmanufacturing establishments in Standard Industrial Classification (sic) codes 10-17, 60-67, 70-81 (except 806), 83-86 (ex cept 866), and 89. The reference date of the survey was the week that included April 12, May 12, or June 12, 1984, depending on the SIC of the sampled unit as shown below: SIC code Reference date 10-17 ...................... 60-67 ...................... 70, 75, 76 ............... ............... May 12 72,73,78 ............... 79........................... 80 (except 806)........ ............... April 12 81........................... ............... May 12 83-86(except 866) ... 89........................... The survey covered all 50 States, the District of Co lumbia, and Puerto Rico. (Puerto Rico data are not in cluded in the national estimates in this publication.) Occupational and industrial classification The OES classification system is based primarily on the D ictionary o f Occupational Titles ( d o t ) , fourth edi tion, and is compatible with the 1980 Standard Occupa tional Classification (soc) system. The d o t was used to develop the definitions of o e s occupations because it is the most comprehensive system for classifying occupa tions. In addition, each OES occupation is directly related to a 1980 census occupation, except in those cases where a census occupation is not within the scope of the o e s survey. “ Crosswalks” have been developed between the two systems so that users may integrate o e s data with data from sources using the Census classifica tion. (See appendix C.) The industrial classification system is that described in the 1972 edition of the Standard Industrial Classifica tion M anual, 1 whereby reporting establishments are classified into industries on the basis of major product or activity.1 1 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (O ffice o f M anage m ent and Budget, Executive O ffice o f the President, 1972), as am end ed in Supplement, 1977. 130 An establishment is an economic unit which produces goods or services. Generally, it is at a single physical location and is engaged predominantly in one type of economic activity. Where a single physical location en compasses two or more distinct activities, these are treated as separate establishments if separate payroll records are available and certain other criteria are met. Employment includes full- and part-time workers; workers on paid vacations or other types of leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences (i.e., illness, bad weather, temporary layoff, jury duty); salaried officers, executives, and staff of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom that unit is their permanent (home) duty station, regardless of whether the unit prepares their paycheck. Excluded from coverage are proprietors (owners and partners of unincorporated firms), self-employed, un paid family workers, and workers on extended leave (i.e., pensioners and members of the Armed Forces). Occupation refers to the occupation in which employees are working rather than the occupation for which they may have been trained. For example, an employee trained as an engineer but working as a drafter is reported as a drafter. W orking supervisors (those spending 20 percent or more of their time at work similar to that done by workers under their supervision) are reported in the oc cupation most closely related to their work. Part-tim e workers, learners, and apprentices are reported in the occupation in which they ordinarily work. M u ltip le jobholders (employees who perform the duties of two or more occupations in an establishment) are reported in the occupation that requires the highest level of skill or in the occupation where the most time is spent if there is no measurable difference in skill requirements. Survey procedures The survey is conducted over a 3-year cycle; manufac turing industries are surveyed in 1 year and nonmanu facturing industries in the other 2 years. Data are collected from a sample of establishments primarily by mail; telephone followups and personal visits are made when an establishment response is critical to the survey. The survey is based on a probability sample, stratified by industry and size of employment, designed to represent the total or “ universe” of establishments covered by the survey. Data are requested for the pay period including the 12th of the reference month, which is standard for all Federal agencies collecting employ ment data. allocations resulted in a total initial sample size of 158,023 ui reporting units. Response Method of collection Survey schedules were mailed to most sample establishments; personal visits were made to some larger companies. Two additional mailings were sent to nonrespondents at approximately 6-week intervals. Nonrespondents considered critical to the survey (due to size) were followed up by telephone or personal visit. Sampling procedure The sampling frame for this survey was the list of units in the specified SIC’s as reported to State Unemployment Insurance (ui) agencies. The reference date of the sampling frame was the second quarter of 1983. The universe was stratified into sic and size classes. The size classes were determined by employment as follows: Size class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A weight was determined for each sample unit from which a usable response was received. Each weight was composed of two factors. The first factor was the in verse of the probability of selection. The second was the nonresponse adjustment factor, used to correct for questionnaires that were not returned or not usable. For each of the 3-digit sic/State/size class sampling cells, a nonresponse factor was calculated that was equal to: Weighted sample employment of all eligible units in sample Sample employment was taken from the sampling frame. If the factor in a cell was greater than a predeter mined maximum factor, which increased as the number of respondents in a cell increased, the cell was collapsed with other homogeneous cells within the SIC until the factor for the combined cells was not greater than the appropriate maximum factor. If the collapsing pro cedure terminated (i.e., no more cells were available for collapse) before satisfying the above constraint, then the appropriate maximum factor was used. For size classes 1-6, homogeneous cells were determined to be other size cells within the sic and State. For size classes 7-9, homogeneous cells were determined to be other S ta te cells within the sic and size class. The weight for each establishment was the product of the two factors. A combined ratio estimate of occupational employ ment was used to develop the national estimates. The auxiliary variable used was total employment. The estimating formula is: 1-3 4-9 10-19 20-49 50-99 100-249 250-249 500-999 1,000 and over Ui reporting units with 1-3 employees were not sampled in all States, but units with 4-9 employees were given larger weights to represent the employment in the smaller size class, ui reporting units with 250 or more employees were included in the sample with certainty. Sample sizes intended to produce State estimates with target relative errors of 10, 15, and 20 percent at one standard deviation were developed for the noncertainty size classes. This was done for groups of SIC’s based on averages of occupational rates and coefficients of varia tion (cv’s) from the previous survey of those sic’s for a set of typical occupations. This sic sample size was allocated to the size classes proportionally to size class employment. The sample was selected systematically with equal probability within each State/sic/area/size class cell. The States were given the option of three target relative errors in designing their samples. Some States varied the target relative error by sic. This was done to decrease the cost by reducing the sample size. The above Estimation Weighted sample employment of all responding eligible units Employees ...................... Of those selected, 149,213 were final eligible units (i.e., excluding establishments that were out of business or out of scope, etc.). Usable responses were obtained from 110,305 units, producing a response rate of 73.9 percent based on units and 68.0 percent based on weighted employment. Subsequent to the closeout date for national estimates, additional data were received by States and used in preparing State estimates. Response rates in most States were much higher than the response rate used to develop national estimates. 22 wijk Pijk j i ___ __. Mi 2 2 Wjjk e ijk Lj k Where: p i j 131 2- digit industry occupational employment estimate 3- digit industry within a 2-digit industry size class k Wjjk = Pi* ®ijk Mi = Where: establishment weight after nonresponse adjustment in i-th industry, j-th size class, and k-th establishment occupational employment in i-th industry, j-th size class, and k-th establishment total employment in i-th industry, j-th size class, and k-th estab lishment population total employment in i-th industry ( f k WiJk Pijk) / ( f k Wijkeijk) 2 e ijk k Wjjk = C„ for all k in a given ij cell That is, the weights are equal to a constant C within a given 3-digit industry/size class cell. At this time, the total effect of this assumption on the variance estimates has not been measured. = Var(f») = ?1?J T1 uVVU2 Ty = = = [By] • [Dy] . [F.J2 (My —ey)/(My) (Gy)/(Hy) f 1 wjk'l f 2 Wj k'] U ’JU ') Hij = ( M Fy = ( M , ) / ( f £ Wi’1 e,’k) V .2 = 2 wijk • Ljjk k Ljjk = (Pijk—Rjeijk) - (Pjj RiCjj) Gij Ri All other terms are as defined above. This formula is almost a computational form of the standard formula given above. One simplifying assumption has been made: ? ? N ij2 (1—f„) . A h 1J nSj = S 2m + R? SJij - 2R, Ku Spi, Stij Ajj = variance of p Where: V(p) 3-digit industry within a 2-digit i industry = size class j — total number of units in the i-th Ni; industry and j-th size class sampling fraction in the i-th fii industry and j-th size class number of sample units in the i-th nij industry and j-th size class = standard deviation of p within the Spij i-th industry and j-th size class = standard deviation of e within the Seij i-th industry and j-th size class correlation coefficient between p Ku and e within the i-th industry and j-th size class. The variances for the occupational estimates were esti mated from the following formula: ®ij Di, benchmark total employment in the i-th industry and j-th size class Cij The population value of total employment (Mj) was obtained from the b l s Current Employment Statistics program, a monthly employment survey of nonagricultural establishments. The standard form for the sampling variance for a combined ratio estimate is: V(p) Mjj - ( k w* ) 132 Reliability of estimates Estimates developed from the sample may differ from the results of a complete survey of all the establishments in the sampled lists. Two types of errors, sampling and nonsampling, are possible in an estimate based on a sample survey. Sampling error occurs because observa tions are made only on a sample, not on the entire population. Nonsampling error can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample; differences in the respondents’ interpretation of questions; inability of respondents to provide correct information; errors in recording, coding, or processing the data; errors in estimating values for missing data; and failure to repre sent all units in the population. The particular sample used in this survey is one of a large number of all possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the same sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples would differ from each other; the difference between a sample estimate and the average of all possible sample estimates is called the sampling deviation. The standard or sampling error of a survey estimate is a measure of the variation among the estimates from all possible samples. The relative standard error is defined as the standard error of the estimate divided by the value being estimated; the variance is defined as the standard error squared. The sample estimate and an estimate of its standard error enable one to construct interval estimates with prescribed confidence that the interval includes the average result of all possible samples that could be ob tained from the sample design for the survey. To illustrate, if all possible samples were selected, and if each of these were surveyed under essentially the same An inference that the complete coverage value would be within the indicated ranges would be correct in ap proximately the relative frequencies shown. For example, suppose an estimated total is shown as 5,000 with an associated relative error of 2 percent. Then the standard error is 100 (2 percent of 5,000) and there is a 68-percent chance that the average of all possi ble sample totals would be between 4,900 and 5,100, and it is almost certain that the average of all possible sample totals would be between 4,700 and 5,300. The relative errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error, but do not measure biases in the data due to nonsampling error. Efforts were made to reduce the biases due to errors in record ing, coding, and processing the data. The adjustment made for nonrespondents assumed that the characteristics of the nonrespondents were the same as those of the respondents at a given level. To the extent this is not true, bias is introduced in the data. The magnitude of these biases is not known. Particular care should be exercised in the interpreta tion of small estimates, estimates based on a small number of cases, or small differences between estimates because the sampling errors are relatively large and the magnitude of the biases is unknown. conditions and an estimate and its estimated sample er ror were calculated from each sample, then: 1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below to one standard error above the derived estimate would include the average value of all possible samples. This in terval is called a 68-percent confidence interval. 2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6 standard errors below to 1.6 stand ard errors above the derived estimate would include the average of all possible samples. This interval is called a 90-percent confidence interval. 3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two standard errors below to two standard er rors above the derived estimate would include the average of all possible samples. This inter val is called a 95-percent confidence interval. 4. Almost all intervals from three standard errors below to three standard errors above the deriv ed estimate would include the average of all possible samples. 133 Appendix B. Occupational Employment in Hospitals, 1983 Among the service employees, there were 383,750 nurs ing aides, orderlies, and attendants and 142,960 maids and housekeeping cleaners. A total of 659,320 persons were employed in clerical and related occupations, ac counting for 15.9 percent of industry employment. Secretaries (both medical and other) numbered 124,430, or 18.9 percent of clerical employment in the industry. Another 73,570 were employed as general office clerks. The five most populous occupations in hospitals are listed in the tabulation below: Hospitals include establishments providing diagnostic services, extensive medical treatment, and continuous nursing services. These establishments contain an organized medical staff, inpatient beds, and equipment and facilities to provide either specialty or complete health care. Establishments surveyed included private and State and local government hospitals, but excluded Federal Government hospitals. As shown in table B-l, employment in private and State and local government hospitals (sic 806) totaled 4.2 million in 1983, representing 4.7 percent of all nonagricultural wage and salary employment in the Na tion. The largest occupational group in hospitals in 1983 was professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers, with about 2.1 million workers, accounting for 50 percent of total employment. About 60 percent of these professional workers were either registered or licensed practical nurses. There were another 1.1 million persons employed in service occupations in 1983. Registered n u rses................................ Nursing aides, orderlies, and a tten d a n ts................................ Licensed practical n u r s e s ................ M aids and housekeeping cleaners . M edical and clinical laboratory te c h n o lo g is ts .................................. 134 Employment, 1984 Percent o f industry employment 922,490 22.2 383,750 334,690 142,960 9.2 8.1 3.4 97,190 2.3 Table B-1. Hospitals: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation Employment1 Percent of total employment T o ta l................................................................................ 4,152,360 100.00 Managerial and administrative occupations................................ Financial managers.................................................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations managers.................................................................. Purchasing managers................................................................ Marketing, advertising, and public relations managers.................................................................. Administrative services managers............................................ Medicine and health services managers................................. Food service and lodging managers........................................ General managers and top executives.................................... All other managers and administrators................. ................... 153,910 9,130 3.71 .22 n.a. 1 n.a. 66 7,130 4,920 .17 .12 1 1 59 56 3,780 9,400 46,100 6,840 29,760 36,850 .09 .23 1.11 .16 .72 .89 2 3 2 2 3 2 37 29 76 60 91 47 2,081,910 42,490 50.14 1.02 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 13,480 8,600 1,780 3,100 .32 .21 .04 .07 n.a. 3 2 5 n.a. 42 16 12 5,100 .12 2 44 6,120 .15 3 32 3,950 13,840 5,140 420 640 630 1,580 1,870 .10 .33 .12 .01 .02 .02 .04 .05 11 n.a. n.a. 7 5 5 5 8 8 n.a. n.a. 3 4 5 8 9 2,930 .07 n.a. n.a. 1,070 .03 6 4 1,860 1,650 690 960 9,360 4,270 4,220 870 .04 .04 .02 .02 .23 .10 .10 .02 n.a. n.a. 10 35 n.a. 9 9 24 n.a. n.a. 3 1 n.a. 8 7 1 5,760 .14 n.a. n.a. 2,050 .05 24 1 1,460 .04 14 1 2,250 .05 16 1 12,540 .30 n.a. n.a. 4,520 4,420 3,600 480 .11 .11 .09 .01 5 3 4 n.a. 15 18 13 n.a. 8,340 7,710 630 31,490 5,340 .20 .19 .02 .76 .13 n.a. 4 17 3 5 n.a. 16 1 56 14 Occupation Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations............................................................. Management support workers..................................................... Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists............................................................... Accountants and auditors.................................................... Budget analysts.................................................................... All other financial specialists................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale and retail trade, and farm products.................................... Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists.............................................................. Compliance officers and enforcement inspectors, except construction........................................... All other management support workers................................ Engineers................................................................................... Civil engineers, including traffic.............................................. Electrical and electronic engineers........................................ Industrial engineers, except sa fe ty........................................ Mechanical engineers............................................................. All other engineers.................................................................. Engineering and related technicians and technologists................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians and technologists.............................................. All other engineering and related technicians and technologists.............................................. Physical scientists...................................................................... Chemists, except biochemists................................................ All other physical scientists .................................................... Life scientists............................................................................. Biological scientists................................................................. Medical scientists.................................................................... All other life scientists ............................................................ Physical and life science technicians and technologists................................................................... Biological, agricultural, and food technicians and technologists, except health ........................................................................ Chemical technicians and technologists, except h ealth................................................ All other physical and life science technicians and technologists.............................................. Computer scientists and related workers ................................................................................. Systems analysts, electronic data processing.................................................................... Computer programmers.......................................................... Computer programmer aides.................................................. Mathematical scientists and related workers........................... Social scientists, including urban and regional planners................................................................................... Psychologists............................................................................. All other social scientists.......................................................... Social workers, medical and psychiatric.................................. Social workers, except medical and psychiatric...................... See footnotes at end of table. 135 _ Table B-1. Hospitals: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued Occupation Social service technicians......................................................... Religious workers....................................................................... Clergy.......................................................................................... Nursing instructors..................................................................... Teachers and instructors, vocational education and training .............................................................................. All other teachers and instructors ............................................ Librarians, professional ............................................................. Technical assistants, library....................................................... Physicians and surgeons .......................................................... Dentists....................................................................................... All other health diagnosing and treating practitioners.............................................................................. Therapists.................................................................................. Respiratory therapists......................................................... Occupational therapists...................................................... Physical therapists.............................................................. Corrective and manual arts therapists............................... Speech pathologists and audiologists............................... Recreational therapists....................................................... All other therapists............................................................. Registered nurses...................................................................... Licensed practical nurses......................................................... Emergency medical technicians................................................ Physicians assistants................................................................. Pharmacists ................................................................................ Dietitians and nutritionists......................................................... Dietetic technicians.................................................................... Medical and clinical laboratory technologists........................... Medical and clinical laboratory technicians.............................. Dental hygienists........................................................................ Medical records technicians and technologists....................... Nuclear medicine technologists................................................ Radiologic technologists........................................................... Radiologic technicians............................................................... Electroencephalograph technicians and technologists............................................................................ Electrocardiograph technicians and technologists............................................................................ Surgical technicians................................................................... All other health professionals, paraprofessional and technicians........................................... Public relations specialists and publicity writers ................................................................ Photographers............................................................................ All other professional, paraprofessional, and technical workers................................ Sales and related occupations .................................................... Cashiers...................................................................................... All other sales and related w orkers......................................... Clerical and administrative support occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, clerical and administrative support workers .......................... Library assistants and bookmobile drivers............................... Medical secretaries.................................................................... All other secretaries................................................................... Stenographers............................................................................ Receptionists and information cle rks....................................... T ypists........................................................................................ Typists, word processing equipment........................................ Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping.............................................................................. File clerks................................................................................... Order clerks, materials, merchandise, and service...................................................................................... Procurement clerks.................................................................... Statistical c le rks......................................................................... Interviewing clerks, except personnel and social welfare........................................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks......................... Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 4,850 4,250 4,250 14,450 0.12 .10 .10 .35 4 n.a. 3 2 16 n.a. 23 37 4,450 8,000 2,500 1,490 92,690 1,860 .11 .19 .06 .04 2.23 .04 5 7 3 7 1 9 9 17 23 9 34 7 2,610 95,840 50,100 9,680 20,200 640 4,440 6,620 4,160 922,490 334,690 14,790 5,490 33,030 15,000 8,800 97,190 54,640 710 24,880 8,530 37,540 33,800 .06 2.31 1.21 .23 .49 .02 .11 .16 .10 22.22 8.06 .36 .13 .80 .36 .21 2.34 1.32 .02 .60 .21 .90 .81 14 n.a. 2 3 2 8 3 3 5 (3) 0 4 5 2 2 3 2 2 6 2 2 3 2 2 n.a. 66 30 58 2 18 24 10 98 95 20 11 76 67 33 78 70 5 80 41 52 63 5,230 .13 2 33 16,410 36,060 .40 .87 2 3 46 64 60,310 1.45 n.a. n.a. 3,080 1,250 .07 .03 2 4 25 8 9,480 .23 n.a. n.a. 14,880 14,040 840 .36 .34 .02 n.a. 3 8 n.a. 42 3 659,320 15.88 n.a. n.a. 37,050 1,560 47,640 76,790 8,270 35,610 55,030 4,480 .89 .04 1.15 1.85 .20 .86 1.33 .11 2 7 3 2 9 3 3 6 62 9 65 60 13 50 65 13 6,430 19,970 .15 .48 1 4 44 36 5,060 5,260 7,520 .12 .13 .18 7 3 3 15 36 23 38,940 22,440 .94 .54 2 2 42 70 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 136 Table B-1. Hospitals: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued Occupation Payroll and timekeeping clerks ................................................. Billing, cost and rate cle rks...................................................... General office clerks ................................................................. Electronic data processing and other office machine operators...................................................... Billing, posting, and calculating machine operators............................................................................... Computer operators, except peripheral equipment............................................................................. Peripheral EDP equipment operators.................................... Data entry keyers, except composing................................... All other office machine operators ........................................ Switchboard operators .............................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers................................... Dispatchers, police, fire, and ambulance............................................................................ Stock clerks, stockroom, warehouse or storage yard .......................................................................... Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks..................................................................................... All other material recording, scheduling, and distributing workers .............................................................. All other clerical and administrative support w orkers.................................................................................... Service occupations..................................................................... First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors, service ................................................ Housekeepers .......................................................................... All other service supervisors and manager/supervisors........................................................... Guards and watch guards...................................................... Food and beverage preparation and service w orkers.................................................................................... Waiters and waitresses.......................................................... Food servers, outside............................................................. Dining room and cafeteria attendants, and bartender helpers................................................................. Counter attendants, lunchroom, coffee shop, or cafeteria...................................................... Bakers, bread and pastry....................................................... Butchers and meat cu tte rs.................................................... Cooks, institution or cafeteria................................................. Cooks, short o rd e r.................................................................. Food preparation workers...................................................... All other food service workers............................................... Health service and related workers.......................................... Dental assistants..................................................................... Medical assistants................................................................... Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants.............................. Home health aides.................................................................. Psychiatric aides ..................................................................... Physical and corrective therapy assistants and a ides............................................................ Occupational therapy assistants and aides........................... Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians.......................................... Pharmacy assistants............................................................... All other health service w orkers............................................ Cleaning and building service workers, except private households.................................................................. Maids and housekeeping cleaners........................................ Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners................................................. Elevator operators................................................................... All other cleaning and building service workers, except private households ................................... Barbers....................................................................................... Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists......................... Social welfare service aides...................................................... Child care workers..................................................................... All other service workers .......................................................... Employment1 Relative error (in percentage)2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 7,780 46,080 73,570 0.19 1.11 1.77 3 2 3 53 78 57 28,680 .69 n.a. n.a. 4,290 .10 5 13 7,320 830 14,770 1,470 33,700 .18 .02 .36 .04 .81 2 7 2 6 2 27 3 45 6 75 34,310 .83 n.a. n.a. 1,180 .03 9 3 22,380 .54 2 58 4,200 .10 3 20 6,550 .16 5 11 63,150 1.52 1,090,200 O 39 26.25 n.a. n.a. 47,240 28,510 1.14 .69 n.a. 2 n.a. 67 18,730 32,960 .45 .79 3 2 42 39 227,580 2,350 47,370 5.48 .06 1.14 n.a. 11 2 n.a. 3 32 16,090 .39 3 20 10,110 2,580 510 34,950 2,270 72,100 39,250 562,830 1,590 18,550 383,750 2,770 59,580 .24 .06 .01 .84 .05 1.74 .95 13.55 .04 .45 9.24 .07 1.43 3 2 9 2 3 2 3 n.a. 5 3 (3) 11 1 20 19 3 86 9 68 31 n.a. 6 26 89 6 12 15,110 4,350 .36 .10 2 6 48 15 3,240 26,940 46,950 .08 .65 1.13 27 1 4 5 57 26 207,650 142,960 5.00 3.44 n.a. 54,460 1,420 1.31 .03 2 10 50 2 8,810 490 750 420 4,850 5,430 .21 .01 .02 .01 .12 .13 9 6 5 18 14 8 10 3 5 1 See footnotes at end of table. Percent of total employment 137 0 n.a. 83 4 5 Table B-1. Hospitals: Employment, relative error, and percent of establishments reporting selected occupations, April 1983—Continued Occupation Employment1 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations............................................................................. Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm .......................... Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations............................................................................. First-line supervisors, manager/supervisors - production, construction, maintenance, and related workers ................................................................................. First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - mechanics, installers and repairers ........................................................ First-line supervisors and manager/supervisors - construction trades and extractive workers......................................................... All other first-line supervisors and manager/ supervisors - production, construction, maintenance and related...................................................... Mechanics, installers, and repairers......................................... Machinery maintenance mechanics....................................... Maintenance repairers, general utility.................................... Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers..................................................... Electromedical and biomedical equipment repairers................................................................................ Menders - garments, linens, and related............................... All other mechanics, installers, and repairers....................... Construction trades workers, except material m oving.................................................................................... Carpenters............................................................................... Electricians.............................................................................. Painters and paperhangers, construction and maintenance.................................................................. Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters........................................................................... All other construction trades workers.................................... Machinists ............................................................................... Precision workers, n e c .............................................................. Machine setters, set-up operators, and tenders, except metal and plastic....................................................... Sewing machine operators, nongarment ............................... Laundry and drycleaning machine operators and tenders, except pressing ..................................................... Pressing machine operators and tenders, textile, garment, and related materials................................................................... Boiler operators and tenders, low pressure......................................................................... All other machine setters and set-up operators, except metal and plastic.................................... All other machine operators and tenders, except metal and plastic ..................................................... Other hand workers, n e c .......................................................... Plant and system workers ........................................................ Stationary engineers............................................................... All other plant and system operators.................................... Motor vehicle operators............................................................ Truck drivers, light, include delivery and route workers................................................................... All other motor vehicle operators .......................................... All other transportation and motor vehicle operators ................................................................................. Material moving equipment operators...................................... Helpers - laborers and material movers, ha n d .......................................................................... Relative error (in percentage)1 2 Percent of establishments reporting the occupation 6,990 6,990 0.17 .17 n.a. 2 n.a. 40 145,150 3.50 n.a. n.a. 8,630 .21 n.a. n.a. 4,580 .11 3 29 1,370 .03 4 7 2,680 48,110 4,370 29,380 .06 1.16 .11 .71 4 n.a. 4 2 14 n.a. 11 76 4,580 .11 2 21 5,100 1,780 2,900 .12 .04 .07 3 3 5 23 13 8 25,910 6,120 6,050 .62 .15 .15 n.a. 2 3 n.a. 29 29 6,800 .16 2 34 4,020 2,920 430 1,110 .10 .07 .01 .03 3 4 10 n.a. 20 7 2 n.a. 34,480 1,150 .83 .03 n.a. 4 n.a. 8 21,240 .51 2 39 4,810 .12 4 9 4,980 .12 3 14 1,020 .02 9 3 1,280 1,400 7,840 6,920 920 5,320 .03 .03 .19 .17 .02 .13 9 n.a. n.a. 3 7 n.a. 3 n.a. n.a. 16 3 n.a. 2,900 2,420 .07 .06 5 10 12 8 1,610 690 .04 .02 17 n.a. 3 n.a. 9,620 .23 7 9 1 Estimates of fewer than 50 workers, or with less than 0.01 percent of industry employment, or with a relative error greater than 50 are generally not shown separately since such estimates are considered unreliable. Estimates that are not shown have been counted in the appropriate “ All other” categories. 2 Relative standard errors apply equally to data on estimated employment and percent of total employment; relative standard errors Percen t of total employment 138 are estimated at the level of 2 chances out of 3. For further information on sampling variability and other types of errors, see appendix A. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. n.a. = not available. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. employment is rounded to the nearest 10. Estimated Appendix C. The OES Classification System The new o e s system (with an entirely new 5-digit coding system) organizes all occupations into four levels: Division, major group, minor group, and detail. The following sections discuss the first three levels, and also explain the new coding structure. There are seven divisions in the new o e s system: 1. Managerial and administrative occupations 2. Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations 3. Sales and related occupations 4. Clerical and administrative support occupations 5. Service occupations 6. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and related ococcupations 7. Production, construction, operating, main tenance, and material handling occupations Professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupa tions. This division is organized into nine major groups Some of the more significant changes made at the division level are: • The exclusion of first-line managers/supervisors from the managerial and administrative division. These workers are classified in separate and specific categories in the other divisions. For example, in the second divi sion, first-line managers/supervisors are classified with the workers they supervise. • The combination of professional and technical workers into a single integrated division in order to lessen the growing ambiguity between the two categories. T h e c r e a tio n o f a n e w a g ricu ltu re d iv isio n w h ic h a llo w s su p p le m e n ta tio n o f d a ta fr o m non-OES su rv ey so u r c e s. • The significant organizational and occupational revision of the production division. Major and minor group levels A significant amount of change has taken place at the major and minor group levels, particularly in restructur ing. Since it would be impossible to describe every change in this appendix, some of the highlights of the Managerial and administrative occupations. This divi sion is organized into three major groups. The first con tains specialized occupations by function, and the se cond contains specialized occupations by industry. Both of these categories are generally at the middle-manage ment level. When function and industry overlap, func tion takes precedence and is listed first. The third and final group includes the division residual as well as workers, usually in upper management, whose duties are more general in nature. Division level • major and minor group structure of each division are given below: 139 and a residual category. These major groups were created by combining those professional, paraprofessional, and technical occupations requiring common bodies of knowledge and expertise. Unlike the Standard Occupa tional Classification (soc) system, distinctions between technical and professional workers, if made, are found at the minor group level rather than at the major group or division level. The first major group is management support. This group was placed in the professional division rather than the managerial division, as in the soc, for it was felt that respondents consider individual management support occupations functionally closer to the profes sional specialties of the division than to the upper and middle management occupations of the first division. The management support group also includes a residual allowing the combination of this major group with the management division, if soc compatibility is required. The remaining major groups primarily follow soc order: “ Hard” sciences, including engineering; the social sciences and related disciplines, such as law and teaching; health fields; and, writing, art, and related fields. The two exceptions to the soc order, the techni cian and computer groups, were moved so that these oc cupations would appear in closer proximity to the oc cupations they most commonly support. Sales and related occupations. The soc arranges the sales division into four segments: Supervisory; sale of most services; sale of retail pro ducts; and sales-related occupations. In both the new o e s system and the soc, retail sales is not an industry designation but rather an occupational designation for sales activities which are directed towards individuals rather than organizations or businesses. Unlike the soc, the new o e s system includes all ser vice sales occupations in the major groups as “ sales oc cupations, service.” In addition, a new major group was created by com bining the last three SOC categories because they involve the sale of products rather than services. A few salesrelated occupations such as demonstrators have also been included in this new group. The new o e s sales division is somewhat larger in scope than the previous o e s category because of the ad dition of occupations such as sales engineers and cashiers. These additions to the sales group in the new o e s structure do not, however, diminish the magnitude of the increase in sales personnel in manufacturing in dustries between 1980 and 1983. Clerical and administrative support occupations. This division is organized into six major groups and a residual category. As with the other divisions, the super visory category is first. The next major group includes industry-specific clerical occupations. This group is placed near the top of the clerical division so that respondents can more easily locate these occupations. These two major groups are followed by the general secretarial and related group, an office machine group, a communications group, and a material recording group. Service occupations. The previous O ES system included protective services, food service, and cleaning service occupations as summary occupational groups. The new system includes these as major groups and adds health and personal service occupations, while expanding the cleaning group to encompass building service organiza tions. A griculture, forestry, fishing, and related occupations. Because many of the occupations related to this divi sion are found in industries outside the scope of the o e s survey, the previous o e s system coding structure had no comparable category. At present, the division covers only those occupations needed for the o e s survey as defined by its current nonagricultural scope. In the 1983 140 manufacturing survey, for example, only the lumber and wood products industry (sic 24) and, to a lesser degree, food and kindred products (sic 20) had signifi cant employment in this category. Production, construction, operating, maintenance, and material handling occupations. As in the previous oes oes system, this is the largest and most diverse of all the divisions. The major groups are listed below: Supervisory Inspecting Repair Construction and extraction Precision production Machine setting and operating Assembling and handworking Plant and system operation Transportation and material handling Helpers and laborers To understand the organization of this division, it is important to be familiar with soc principles. The first basic principle of organization is that occupations are grouped by function (e.g., inspecting, repairing, produc ing). An equally important principle is organization by skill requirements (e.g., precision, setup, operating, helping). A third organizing principle in many of these groups is the distinction made between machine and hand operations. In this case, hand operations include the use of hand-held power tools. The hand and machine categories are not exhaustive, however, since both preci sion hand work and precision machine work are placed in the same category. For o e s purposes, an exception to the soc placement was made, and precision assembling occupations were placed in the hand working category, allowing for proximity to the other assembling occupa tions. The soc and the new o e s systems also distinguish be tween “ manual” occupations, such as material hand ling, and “ hand” occupations, such as grinding. Here, the distinction is made according to whether or not the worker is directly working on the manufacture of a pro duct. Within the large production and precision and machine groups, distinctions are made on the basis of materials worked (e.g., metal/plastic, wood, textile, assorted/other). The assorted/other category includes working with combined materials as well as working with single materials, such as stone, which have not previously been specified. Appendix D. OES Survey Data Available from State Agencies State data on occupational employment in the industries covered in this bulletin are available as indicated in the following table. These data may be obtained from the State employment security agencies listed on the inside back cover of this publication. Table D-1. OES survey data available by State and year State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas .................................. California .................................. C olorado..................................... C o n n e c tic u t............... Delaware District of Columbia Florida ....................................... G eorgia....................................... Hawaii ....................................... Idaho ......................................... Illin o is ......................................... In d ia n a ....................................... Io w a ........................................... Kansas ....................................... Kentucky .................................. Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota M is s is s ip p i................................ 1973 X 1978 1981 X X X X 1975 1984 State 1973 1975 1978 X X X X X Missouri .................................. Montana Nevada New Hampshire New J e rs e y .............................. New M e x ic o ............................ New Y o r k ............................ North Carolina North Dakota N e b ra s k a ................................ Ohio ......................................... X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania............................ Rhode Island South Carolina South D a k o ta ............... Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont .................................. Virginia Washington West V irginia............................ W isconsin ................................ W yom ing.................................. 141 X X 1981 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1984 X X X X X X X X X X X X X x X X X X X X X X X X X X x X X X X X X x X X X X x x X X x X X X X X x x x X x x X X X X X x X X X X X X X X X X X BLS projections of employment Revised projections of employment, output, and demand for 1995 by industry and occupation are presented in this collection of four articles from the M o n t h l y L a b o r R e v i e w . Additional data and a detailed methodology also are provided. Subjects include: • The labor force— expected changes in size and composition. • Gross national product— alternative trends and major assumptions. • Distribution of demand— changing patterns in the major sectors of consumption, business investment, government expenditures, and foreign trade. • Industry output and employment. • Changing occupational employment require ments. 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Name Organization (if applicable) Street address City, State, Zip U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics REGION I -BOSTON Suite 1603 John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 REGION V - CHICAGO 9th Floor 230 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, 111. 60604 REGION II -NEW YORK Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, N .Y . 10036 REGION VI - DALLAS Room 221 525 Griffin Street Dallas, Tex. 75202 REGION III -PHILADELPHIA 3535 Market Street P.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 REGIONS VII and VIII - KANSAS CITY 15th Floor 911 Walnut Street Kansas City, Mo. 64106 REGION IV - ATLANTA Suite 540 1371 Peachtree Street, NE. Atlanta, Ga. 30367 REGIONS IX and X - SAN FRANCISCO 450 Golden Gate Avenue Box 36017 San Franciso, Calif. 94102 COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) Program BLS Region IV X BLS R egion ALABAMA ALASKA IX ARIZONA VI ARKANSAS IX VIII I CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT III DELAWARE III DIST. OF COL. IV FLORIDA IV GEORGIA IX HAWAII X IDAHO V ILLINOIS V INDIANA VII IOWA VII KANSAS IV KENTUCKY VI LOUISIANA I III I MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS V MICHIGAN V MINNESOTA - Department o f Industrial Relations, IV Industrial Relations Building, Room 427, Montgomery 36130 VII - Employment Security Division, Department o f Labor, P.O . Box 1149, Juneau 99802 VIII - Department o f Economic Security, P.O. Box 6123, Phoenix 85005 VII - Employment Security Division, Department" o f Labor, State Capitol Mall, P.O. Box IX 2981, Little Rock 72203 - Employment Development Department, P.O. I Box 1679, Sacramento 95808 - Division o f Employment and Training, 1330 II Fox Street, Denver 80204 - Employment Security Division, Labor VI Department, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109 II - Department o f Labor, University Plaza Office Complex, P.O. Box 9029, Newark ^9711 IV - Division o f Labor Market Information, Research and Analysis, Department of VIII Employment Services, 500 C Street, N .W ., V Room 411, Washington 20001 - Department o f Labor and Employment VI Security, 2574 Seagate Drive, Room 201, Tallahassee 32301 - Department o f Labor, 254 Washington X Street, S.W ., Atlanta 30334 - Department o f Labor and Industrial Rela tions, 830 Punchbowl Street, Room 304, III Honolulu 96813 - Department o f Employment, 317 Main II Street, P.O . Box 35, Boise 83735 - Bureau o f Employment Security, 910 South I Michigan Avenue, 12th Floor, Chicago 60605 IV - Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204 VIII - Department o f Job Service, 1000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319 IV - Department o f Human Resources, 401 Topeka Avenue, Topeka 66603 - Division for Unemployment Insurance, VI Cabinet for Human Resources, 275 East Main Street, Frankfort 40621 VIII - Department o f Labor, P.O . Box 44094, Capitol Station, 1001 North 23rd Street, I Baton Rouge 70804 - Bureau o f Employment Security, Department III o f Labor, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330 - Department o f Human Resources, Employ X ment Security Administration, 1100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201 III - Division o f Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Building, Government Center, V Boston 02114 - Employment Security Commission, 7310 VIII Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202 - Department o f Economic Security, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101 MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI M ONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING - Employment Security Commission, P.O . Box 1699, Jackson 39205 - Division o f Employment Security, P.O . Box 59, Jefferson City 65104 - Department o f Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1728, Helena 59601 - Division o f Employment, Department o f Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln 68509 - Employment Security Department, 500 East Third Street, Carson City 89713 - Department o f Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301 - Department o f Labor, P.O. Box 2765, Tren ton 08625 - Employment Security Department, P.O . Box 1928, Albuquerque 87103 - Division o f Research and Statistics, Depart ment o f Labor, State Campus, Building 12, Albany 12240 - Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611 - Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502 - Bureau o f Employment Services, P.O . Box 1618, Columbus 43216 - Employment Security Commission, 310 Will Rogers Memorial Office Building, Oklahoma City 73105 - Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, 875 Union Street, N .E ., Salem 97311 - Department o f Labor and Industry, Seventh and Forster Streets, Harrisburg 17121 - Bureau o f Employment Security, 505 Munoz Rivera A ve., 15th Floor, Hato Rey 00918 - Department o f Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903 - Employment Security Commission, P.O . Box 995, Columbia 29202 - Department o f Labor, P.O . Box 1730, Aberdeen 57401 - Department o f Employment Security, Cor dell Hull Office Building, Room 519, Nashville 37219 - Employment Commission, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778 - Department o f Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147 - Department o f Employment and Training, P.O. Box 488. Montpelier 05602 - Employment Commission, P.O . Box 1358, Richmond 23211 - Employment Security Department, 212 Maple Park, Olympia 98504 - Department o f Employment Security, 112 California Avenue, Charleston 25305 - Department o f Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O . Box 7944, Madison 53707 - Employment Security Commission, P.O . Box 2760, Casper 82602 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Official Business Penalty fo r private use, $300 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Lab 441