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Reading, PA National Compensation Survey September 1998 ________________________________________________________________________________________________ U.S. Department of Labor Alexis M. Herman, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner August 1999 Bulletin 3095-30 Reading, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area Berks Reading This bulletin supercedes Bulletin 3085-04. Preface T For additional information regarding this survey, please contact the BLS Philadelphia Regional Office at (215) 5961154. You may also write to the Bureau of Labor Statistics at: Division of Compensation Data Analysis and Planning, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Room 4175, Washington, DC 20212-0001, or call (202) 606-6220, or send e-mail to ocltinfo@bls.gov. The data contained in this bulletin are also available at the BLS Internet site (http://stats.bls.gov/comhome.htm). Data are in three formats: an ASCII file containing the published table formats; an ASCII file containing positional columns of data for manipulation as a data base or spreadsheet; and a Portable Document Format (PDF) file containing the entire bulletin. Material in this bulletin is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. This information will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 606-7828; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339. . his bulletin provides results of a September 1998 survey of occupational pay in the Reading, PA, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Data shown in this bulletin were collected as part of the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) new program known as the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The survey could not have been conducted without the cooperation of the many private firms and government jurisdictions that provided pay data included in this bulletin. The Bureau thanks these respondents for their cooperation. Survey data were collected and reviewed by Bureau of Labor Statistics field economists under the direction of John Filemyr, Assistant Regional Commissioner for Operations of the Philadelphia Regional Office. The Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the Office of Field Operations and the Office of Technology and Survey Processing in the BLS National Office, designed the survey, processed the data, and analyzed the survey results. iii Contents Page Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ Wages in the Reading, PA, MSA ............................................................................................................... 1 2 Tables: A-1. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, all workers, all industries ........................................... A-2. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, all workers, private industry and State and local government........................................................................................................... A-3. Hourly earnings for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers, all industries ................................................................................................................................. A-4. Weekly and annual earnings and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only, all industries ............................................................................................ B-1. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and levels, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers ............................ B-2. Mean hourly earnings for selected occupations and levels, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers ............................ C-1. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and selected characteristics, all industries ................................................................................................................................. C-2. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and industry division, private industry, all workers ......................................................................................................... C-3. Mean hourly earnings by occupational group and establishment employment size, private industry, all workers ......................................................................................................... C-4. Number of workers represented by occupational group ............................................................... 4 6 8 10 12 15 17 18 19 20 Appendixes: A. Technical Note................................................................................................................................. Appendix table 1. Number of establishments studied and represented............................................ Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors...................................................................................... Appendix table 3. Average work levels ........................................................................................... B. Occupational Classifications............................................................................................................ C. Generic Leveling Criteria................................................................................................................. D. Evaluating Your Firm’s Jobs ........................................................................................................... E. A Guide for Users of Prior BLS Wage Surveys............................................................................... v 21 25 26 28 30 38 44 46 Introduction T NCS more extensive than OCS The wage data in this bulletin differ from those in previous Occupational Compensation Surveys by providing broader coverage of occupations and establishments within the survey area. Occupations surveyed for this bulletin were selected using probability techniques from a list of all those present in each establishment. Previous OCS bulletins were limited to a preselected list of occupations, which represented a small subset of all occupations in the economy. Information in the new bulletin is published for a variety of occupation-based data. This new approach includes data on broad occupational classifications such as white-collar workers, major occupational groups such as sales workers, and individual occupations such as cashiers. In tables containing work levels within occupational series, the work levels are derived from generic standards that apply to all occupational groups. The job levels in the OCS bulletins were based on narrowly-defined descriptions that were not comparable across specific occupations. Occupational data in this bulletin are also tabulated for other classifications such as industry group, full-time versus part-time workers, union versus nonunion status, time versus incentive status, and establishment employment size. Not all of these series were generated by the OCS program. The establishments surveyed for this bulletin were limited to those with 50 or more employees. Eventually, NCS will be expanded to cover those now-excluded establishments. Then, virtually all workers in the civilian economy will be surveyed, excluding only agriculture, private households, and employees of the Federal Government. his survey of occupational pay was conducted in the Reading, PA, Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The MSA includes Berks County. This bulletin consists primarily of tables whose data are analyzed in the initial textual section. Tabulations provide information on earnings of workers in a variety of occupations and at a wide range of work levels. Also contained in this bulletin is information on the program, a technical note describing survey procedures, and several appendixes with detailed information on occupational classifications and the generic leveling methodology. NCS design and products The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) new National Compensation Survey (NCS) is designed to provide data on the levels and rates of change of occupational wages and employee benefits for localities, broad geographic regions, and the nation as a whole. One output of the NCS will be the Employment Cost Index, a quarterly measure of the change in employer costs for wages and benefits. This bulletin is limited to data on wages and salaries. These data are similar to those released under the Occupational Compensation Survey (OCS), which has been discontinued. Due to the limited amount of time available to initiate this first phase of the new program, a number of companies were unable to provide complete data before the publication deadline. As a result, some surveys have a high nonresponse rate for the all industries or the private industry iterations. Such instances are noted in the bulletin table footnotes. 1 Wages in the Reading, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area S Survey results show that private industry workers in Reading, PA earned $14.42 per hour, while surveyed State and local government workers averaged $20.83. Table A-2 reports the average hourly rate for white-collar occupations as $17.49 in private industry and $25.93 in State and local government. Blue-collar occupations showed an average hourly rate of $13.43 in private industry and $14.08 in State and local government. Service occupations within private industry averaged $8.86 per hour while those found in State and local government averaged $12.62. traight-time wages in the Reading, PA, Metropolitan Statistical Area averaged $15.36 per hour during September 1998. White-collar workers had an average wage of $19.29 per hour. Blue-collar workers averaged $13.45 per hour, while service workers had average earnings of $9.93 per hour. (All hourly rates in this summary cover both full- and part-time workers, unless otherwise noted.) Chart 1. Average hourly wage rates by occupational group, Reading, PA, September 1998 Chart 2. Average hourly rates for private industry and State and local government, Reading, PA, September 1998 Dollars per hour $ 20 Dollars per hour $ 30 15 25 20 10 15 10 5 5 0 0 Whitecollar Bluecollar Service workers White-collar Private industry Within each of these occupational groups, average hourly wages for individual occupations were estimated. For example, white-collar occupations included registered nurses at $19.16 per hour, secretaries at $13.07, and general office clerks at $12.13. Among occupations in the blue-collar category, truck drivers averaged $12.84 per hour while stock handlers and baggers averaged $8.41. Finally, service occupations included janitors and cleaners at $11.65 per hour and nursing aides, orderlies and attendants at $9.86. Table A-1 presents earnings data for 41 detailed occupations; data for other detailed occupations surveyed could not be reported separately due to concerns about the confidentiality of survey respondents and the reliability of the data. Blue-collar Service State and local government Table A-3 presents data for workers considered by the survey respondents to be either full-time or part-time. Average wages for full-time workers, all occupations, were $15.90 per hour, compared with an average of $9.28 per hour for part-time workers. Data for specific work levels within major occupational groups are reported in table B-1. Occasionally, wage estimates for lower levels of work within major occupational groups are greater than estimates for higher levels. This can occur due to the mix of specific occupations (and industries) represented by the broad group as well as by the variability of the estimate. Some levels within a group may not be published because no workers were identified at that 2 sions within private industry. In the private sector, hourly wages averaged $16.08 in all goods-producing industries, $16.81 in construction, and $16.06 in manufacturing. Hourly wages averaged $14.54 in services. Data for other industry divisions did not meet publication criteria. Table C-4 reports that a total of 88,625 workers were represented by the Reading, PA survey. White-collar occupations included 38,285 workers, or 43 percent; bluecollar occupations included 35,646 workers, or 40 percent; and service occupations included 14,694 workers, or 17 percent. level or because there were not enough data to guarantee confidentiality and reliability. Work levels for all major groups span several levels, with professional specialty occupations and executive, administrative, and managerial occupations typically starting and ending at higher work levels than the other groups. Published data for administrative support occupations, including clerical, ranged from level 2 to level 7. As illustrated in chart 3, the average hourly rate was $8.46 for level 2, $11.64 for level 4, $14.57 for level 6, and $15.44 for level 7. Chart 4. Distribution of workers represented by occupational group, Reading, PA, September 1998 Chart 3. Average hourly rates by work level for administrative support occupations, including clerical, Reading, PA, September 1998 Percent 50 Dollars per hour $20 40 15 30 10 20 5 10 0 0 2 4 6 7 Level Surveyed union workers had an average hourly rate of $16.97, as reported in table C-1. Wages for nonunion workers averaged $14.55. Time workers, whose wages were based solely on an hourly rate or a salary, averaged $15.51 per hour. Incentive workers, whose wages were at least partially based on productivity payments, averaged $12.41 per hour. Table C-2 shows wage data for specific industry divi- Whitecollar Bluecollar Service workers Data are also presented in appendix table 1 on the number of establishments studied by industry group and employment size. The relative standard errors of published mean hourly earnings for all industries, private industry, and State and local government are available in appendix table 2. The average work levels for published occupational groups and selected occupations are presented in appendix table 3. 3 Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries, Reading, PA, September 1998 All industries Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 All occupations ....................................................................... $15.36 All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 15.68 $7.16 7.50 25 Median 50 $9.49 $13.27 9.82 13.54 75 90 $19.32 19.33 $25.39 26.25 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 19.29 20.80 8.25 9.95 11.37 12.74 16.27 17.52 24.70 26.30 35.43 36.54 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Registered nurses ................................................ Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, except college and university .................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Technical occupations .................................................. Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Financial managers .............................................. Administrators, education and related fields ......... Managers, medicine and health ........................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Management related occupations ............................ Sales occupations ............................................................ Sales workers, apparel ......................................... Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings .... Sales workers, other commodities ........................ Cashiers ............................................................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Secretaries ........................................................... Order clerks .......................................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... General office clerks ............................................. Teachers’ aides .................................................... Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... 25.27 27.40 – 23.80 22.48 – 19.43 19.16 41.05 34.26 35.19 35.30 33.83 – – – 13.86 15.45 – 12.02 11.55 – 15.95 16.86 31.01 23.99 24.66 25.00 24.69 – – – 17.52 19.22 – 22.60 18.67 – 17.52 18.00 35.24 27.56 27.13 28.65 29.48 – – – 23.39 26.30 – 26.30 24.70 – 19.32 19.32 42.72 35.43 33.82 36.06 35.43 – – – 32.36 35.43 – 26.30 27.79 – 20.03 20.03 43.37 41.11 44.25 42.30 35.66 – – – 41.20 42.86 – 28.85 28.85 – 21.50 20.87 51.98 46.61 49.65 46.50 41.44 – – – – 17.30 14.91 27.35 29.75 31.76 37.77 38.56 30.38 22.61 10.49 7.03 8.61 8.80 6.59 12.29 13.07 12.35 12.20 12.13 9.16 10.37 – 13.28 12.60 16.30 16.30 17.55 33.58 21.53 20.58 15.87 5.60 5.63 5.85 5.62 ( 4) 8.25 10.21 10.46 9.05 8.56 6.25 7.32 – 14.00 13.55 20.11 20.58 24.04 33.58 24.48 22.02 19.50 6.25 6.00 6.75 6.30 (4) 9.95 11.71 10.56 10.10 11.10 7.62 10.27 – 16.26 13.87 25.03 27.40 32.55 38.21 34.61 27.56 22.93 8.31 6.50 6.75 8.56 (4) 12.02 12.70 11.43 12.01 12.50 8.54 11.10 – 19.42 16.28 30.48 36.54 36.54 38.77 60.58 31.63 27.64 12.00 8.65 10.54 10.48 (4) 15.09 15.26 13.25 13.79 13.67 9.96 11.10 – 23.67 18.98 40.73 45.67 45.67 52.56 60.58 50.48 28.70 20.22 9.29 10.54 12.00 (4) 16.25 16.00 15.21 16.17 15.29 13.13 12.41 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Supervisors, production occupations .................... Machinists ............................................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ Extruding and forming machine operators ............ Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Assemblers ........................................................... Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Truck drivers ......................................................... Bus drivers ............................................................ Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... Production helpers ................................................ Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... Hand packers and packagers ............................... 13.45 17.34 14.19 19.12 15.67 13.61 14.56 12.46 14.29 10.10 14.82 12.99 12.84 12.25 11.38 10.11 11.54 8.41 9.55 10.39 7.50 12.22 10.00 15.40 13.48 8.00 7.80 8.57 10.95 7.25 10.94 9.10 9.00 10.50 8.00 6.75 6.52 6.33 6.25 6.88 9.49 14.00 13.00 17.07 13.75 10.10 11.15 9.50 12.17 7.80 11.70 10.39 9.50 10.50 10.29 7.21 9.60 6.75 8.10 6.88 12.74 17.55 14.83 18.67 16.00 12.66 14.34 13.69 15.55 9.33 12.76 12.25 12.50 12.55 11.60 9.00 11.81 7.73 9.00 10.70 16.71 20.65 15.06 22.66 16.93 16.71 20.01 14.53 16.71 12.02 19.33 16.23 16.23 12.55 12.75 12.85 13.09 9.29 9.20 12.85 20.90 22.66 17.53 22.88 18.50 20.90 20.01 15.63 16.71 13.38 19.33 18.27 16.23 16.23 14.28 15.33 15.16 12.65 14.18 15.09 See footnotes at end of table. 4 Table A-1. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, all industries, Reading, PA, September 1998 — Continued All industries Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 25 Median 50 75 90 Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers (-Continued) Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... $9.98 $6.80 $7.21 $8.67 $13.11 $15.33 Service occupations ........................................................... Protective service occupations ................................. Police and detectives, public service .................... Food service occupations ......................................... Waiters and waitresses ........................................ Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. Health service occupations ....................................... Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Cleaning and building service occupations .............. Janitors and cleaners ........................................... Personal service occupations ................................... 9.93 16.10 20.05 6.53 4.79 7.28 9.84 9.86 11.88 11.65 6.93 5.54 12.36 18.35 2.83 2.83 5.07 8.24 8.24 6.95 7.15 5.43 6.72 14.53 18.35 5.15 2.83 5.82 8.66 8.66 8.70 8.70 5.79 9.49 15.61 19.67 6.20 5.67 6.70 9.49 9.49 11.97 11.14 6.00 12.20 18.35 21.10 8.00 5.82 7.78 10.88 10.66 14.05 13.64 8.25 15.61 20.49 23.24 10.83 6.55 11.58 11.68 11.90 18.13 18.13 9.93 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 The positional statistics for this occupation were suppressed because some were below the minimum wage. In this update survey, an average decrease in mean wages for this occupation was applied to the positional statistics, causing the 10th percentile to go below the minimum wage. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 5 Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government, Reading, PA, September 1998 Private industry Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 All occupations ..................................................... $14.42 All occupations excluding sales .......................... 14.72 White-collar occupations ................................. White-collar occupations excluding sales ....... Professional specialty and technical occupations .............................................. Professional specialty occupations ............. Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..... Mathematical and computer scientists ... Computer systems analysts and scientists ....................................... Natural scientists .................................... Health related occupations ..................... Registered nurses .............................. Teachers, college and university ............ Teachers, except college and university Elementary school teachers ............... Secondary school teachers ................ Teachers, N.E.C. ................................ Librarians, archivists, and curators ......... Social scientists and urban planners ...... Social, recreation, and religious workers Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. ................. Technical occupations ................................ Licensed practical nurses ................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations .............................................. Executives, administrators, and managers .......................................... Financial managers ............................ Managers and administrators, N.E.C. Management related occupations .......... Sales occupations .......................................... Sales workers, apparel ....................... Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings .................................... Sales workers, other commodities ...... Cashiers ............................................. Administrative support occupations, including clerical ...................................................... Secretaries ......................................... Order clerks ........................................ Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ............................................ General office clerks ........................... Teachers’ aides .................................. Blue-collar occupations ................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .............................................. Industrial machinery repairers ............ Supervisors, production occupations .. Machinists ........................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ................................................. Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ........................................... Extruding and forming machine operators ...................................... Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........................................... Assemblers ......................................... State and local government $6.92 7.25 25 Median 50 $9.00 $12.74 9.49 12.96 Percentiles Mean 75 90 10 $18.13 18.27 $22.66 22.66 $20.83 20.86 25 Median 50 75 90 $9.85 $12.20 $15.75 $28.70 $39.06 9.89 12.20 15.76 28.79 39.11 17.49 19.07 7.82 9.60 10.54 12.36 16.00 16.30 21.73 22.93 29.09 31.20 25.93 26.00 11.91 11.91 14.21 14.38 25.07 25.07 35.43 35.43 43.37 43.37 21.60 23.39 – 24.08 13.55 14.43 – 11.55 16.24 18.27 – 24.70 19.40 20.19 – 26.30 25.48 28.13 – 26.30 34.38 36.25 – 28.85 31.54 32.59 – – 16.47 18.00 – – 23.59 25.35 – – 31.06 32.69 – – 40.44 41.11 – – 46.20 46.37 – – 22.80 – 18.83 18.99 – – – – – – – – 11.51 – 15.69 16.81 – – – – – – – – 14.12 – 17.52 18.00 – – – – – – – – 24.70 – 19.22 19.32 – – – – – – – – 27.79 – 20.03 19.95 – – – – – – – – 28.85 – 21.34 20.65 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 34.45 35.76 35.30 33.83 – – – – – – – – 24.29 25.15 25.00 24.69 – – – – – – – – 27.68 27.40 28.65 29.48 – – – – – – – – 35.43 34.11 36.06 35.43 – – – – – – – – 41.11 44.40 42.30 35.66 – – – – – – – – 46.61 49.65 46.50 41.44 – – – – 17.32 13.84 – 13.26 12.35 – 13.87 13.55 – 16.24 13.86 – 21.80 14.20 – 23.95 14.90 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 27.13 16.30 19.90 24.04 29.97 45.67 28.53 21.49 23.59 26.17 33.58 37.97 29.66 31.76 30.87 22.31 10.50 7.03 16.30 17.55 20.58 15.87 5.60 5.63 20.00 24.04 22.02 19.50 6.25 6.00 25.49 32.55 28.32 22.12 8.31 6.50 36.54 36.54 31.63 27.64 12.00 8.65 45.67 45.67 50.48 28.70 20.22 9.29 30.18 – – 24.52 – – 22.44 – – 15.75 – – 25.03 – – 21.49 – – 30.21 – – 23.59 – – 33.58 – – 25.07 – – 38.21 – – 35.39 – – 8.61 8.80 6.51 5.85 5.62 ( 4) 6.75 6.30 (4) 6.75 8.56 (4) 10.54 10.48 (4) 10.54 12.00 (4) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 12.25 12.95 12.35 8.25 9.96 10.46 9.64 11.71 10.56 11.71 12.70 11.43 15.26 15.26 13.25 16.25 16.00 15.21 12.50 13.46 – 8.23 11.51 – 11.27 11.99 – 12.94 13.28 – 14.10 14.38 – 16.12 15.77 – 12.06 11.94 – 9.05 8.56 – 9.80 10.91 – 11.70 11.88 – 12.88 13.91 – 16.27 15.29 – 12.74 – 9.16 7.00 – 6.25 12.01 – 7.62 13.53 – 8.54 14.06 – 9.96 15.34 – 13.13 13.43 7.50 9.34 12.66 16.71 20.90 14.08 10.17 12.45 13.88 16.23 17.95 17.54 14.19 19.12 15.67 12.22 10.00 15.40 13.48 14.14 13.00 17.07 13.75 17.83 14.83 18.67 16.00 21.06 15.06 22.66 16.93 22.66 17.53 22.88 18.50 14.66 – – – 11.47 – – – 12.52 – – – 13.88 – – – 17.23 – – – 17.95 – – – 13.61 8.00 10.09 12.66 16.71 20.90 – – – – – – 14.56 7.80 11.15 14.34 20.01 20.01 – – – – – – 12.46 8.57 9.50 13.69 14.53 15.63 – – – – – – 14.29 10.10 10.95 7.25 12.17 7.80 15.55 9.33 16.71 12.02 16.71 13.38 – – – – – – – – – – – – See footnotes at end of table. 6 Table A-2. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all workers2, private industry and State and local government, Reading, PA, September 1998 — Continued Private industry Percentiles Occupation3 Mean 10 25 Median 50 Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors (-Continued) Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..................................... $14.82 $10.94 $11.70 $12.76 Transportation and material moving occupations .............................................. 12.83 9.00 10.35 12.00 Truck drivers ....................................... 12.79 9.00 9.50 12.30 Bus drivers .......................................... – – – – Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ...................................... 11.38 8.00 10.29 11.60 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..................................................... 9.95 6.75 7.16 8.80 Production helpers .............................. 11.39 6.50 9.60 11.81 Stock handlers and baggers ............... 8.41 6.33 6.75 7.73 Machine feeders and offbearers ......... 9.55 6.25 8.10 9.00 Hand packers and packagers ............. 10.37 6.88 6.88 10.70 Laborers except construction, N.E.C. 9.92 6.80 7.16 8.67 Service occupations ......................................... Protective service occupations ............... Police and detectives, public service .. Food service occupations ....................... Waiters and waitresses ...................... Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. Health service occupations ..................... Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ..................................... Cleaning and building service occupations ...................................... Janitors and cleaners ......................... Personal service occupations ................. State and local government Percentiles Mean 75 90 $19.33 $19.33 16.00 16.23 – 18.38 16.23 – 12.75 14.28 – 12.09 13.09 9.29 9.20 11.65 14.25 15.33 15.16 12.65 14.18 15.09 15.33 13.04 – – – – – – 10 25 Median 50 75 90 – – – – – $14.71 $11.35 $13.15 $16.23 $17.23 $17.23 – – – – – – 13.63 9.95 11.36 13.56 16.23 16.23 – – – – – 5.17 – – – – – 12.26 – – – – – 13.11 – – – – – 15.59 – – – – – 18.75 – – – – – 8.86 – – 5.78 4.79 6.43 9.21 5.25 – – 2.83 2.83 4.65 7.85 6.00 – – 5.15 2.83 5.82 8.35 8.35 – – 5.82 5.67 6.28 9.15 10.40 – – 6.72 5.82 6.72 9.74 14.10 – – 8.84 6.55 7.78 11.23 12.62 16.10 20.05 10.75 – 10.32 11.28 9.15 12.36 18.35 8.72 – 7.28 9.15 10.31 14.53 18.35 9.65 – 8.17 9.94 12.08 15.61 19.67 11.10 – 11.30 10.88 14.72 18.35 21.10 11.75 – 11.75 11.91 16.52 20.49 23.24 12.43 – 11.75 15.09 9.01 7.83 8.30 9.15 9.49 9.90 11.44 9.02 10.18 11.05 12.43 15.09 12.00 11.78 6.98 6.75 6.83 5.50 8.55 8.30 6.00 11.94 10.72 6.00 15.34 18.13 8.25 18.13 18.13 9.93 11.55 11.39 6.15 8.49 8.39 5.25 9.65 9.61 5.25 12.09 11.93 5.59 13.50 13.17 5.59 14.07 14.07 7.74 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 The positional statistics for this occupation were suppressed because some were below the minimum wage. In this update survey, an average decrease in mean wages for this occupation was applied to the positional statistics, causing the 10th percentile to go below the minimum wage. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 7 Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Reading, PA, September 1998 All industries Full-time Occupation3 Percentiles Mean 10 All occupations ..................................................... $15.90 All occupations excluding sales .......................... 16.11 White-collar occupations ................................. White-collar occupations excluding sales ....... Professional specialty and technical occupations .............................................. Professional specialty occupations ............. Engineers, architects, and surveyors ..... Mathematical and computer scientists ... Computer systems analysts and scientists ....................................... Natural scientists .................................... Health related occupations ..................... Registered nurses .............................. Teachers, college and university ............ Teachers, except college and university Elementary school teachers ............... Secondary school teachers ................ Librarians, archivists, and curators ......... Social scientists and urban planners ...... Social, recreation, and religious workers Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. ................. Technical occupations ................................ Licensed practical nurses ................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations .............................................. Executives, administrators, and managers .......................................... Financial managers ............................ Managers, medicine and health ......... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. Management related occupations .......... Sales occupations .......................................... Sales workers, apparel ....................... Sales workers, other commodities ...... Cashiers ............................................. Administrative support occupations, including clerical ...................................................... Secretaries ......................................... Order clerks ........................................ Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ............................................ General office clerks ........................... Teachers’ aides .................................. Blue-collar occupations ................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .............................................. Industrial machinery repairers ............ Supervisors, production occupations .. Machinists ........................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ................................................. Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ........................................... Extruding and forming machine operators ...................................... Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........................................... Assemblers ......................................... Part-time 25 Median 50 $7.76 $10.15 $13.74 8.00 10.34 14.00 Percentiles Mean 75 90 $19.42 19.50 $26.30 26.75 10 25 $9.28 9.92 ( 4) $5.15 (4) $5.82 Median 50 75 90 (4) (4) (4) $8.24 $11.25 $18.33 20.01 21.12 9.00 10.27 12.02 12.85 16.83 17.55 25.39 26.80 36.09 36.54 11.89 15.73 5.50 6.87 6.06 9.54 8.90 13.86 14.79 19.22 20.03 25.00 25.79 27.88 – 23.80 14.08 15.79 – 12.02 18.00 19.40 – 22.60 23.95 26.45 – 26.30 33.34 35.63 – 26.30 41.35 42.72 – 28.85 20.22 22.43 – – 13.64 15.22 – – 13.93 18.33 – – 18.33 19.22 – – 20.03 21.50 – – 35.76 44.44 – – 22.48 – 19.51 19.25 41.20 34.79 35.19 35.46 – – – 11.55 – 15.50 16.86 31.01 24.70 24.66 25.00 – – – 18.67 – 17.52 17.54 37.46 27.74 27.13 28.65 – – – 24.70 – 19.32 19.40 42.72 35.43 33.82 36.38 – – – 27.79 – 20.19 20.06 43.37 41.23 44.25 42.48 – – – 28.85 – 21.68 20.96 51.98 46.65 49.65 46.61 – – – – – 19.10 18.91 – 21.69 – – – – – – – 17.50 17.50 – 8.67 – – – – – – – 18.33 18.33 – 9.33 – – – – – – – 19.22 19.22 – 21.00 – – – – – – – 20.03 20.03 – 33.19 – – – – – – – 21.50 20.03 – 35.97 – – – – – – 17.76 15.54 – 13.35 12.78 – 14.30 13.55 – 16.76 14.70 – 21.80 17.94 – 23.95 19.34 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 27.34 16.30 20.11 25.03 30.48 40.73 – – – – – – 29.74 31.76 38.56 30.38 22.61 11.84 7.30 9.46 7.23 16.30 17.55 21.53 20.58 15.87 6.15 5.75 6.00 5.85 20.58 24.04 24.48 22.02 19.50 6.75 6.15 7.00 6.20 27.40 32.55 34.61 27.56 22.93 9.80 6.50 8.78 6.80 36.54 36.54 60.58 31.63 27.64 14.50 8.65 11.37 7.90 45.67 45.67 60.58 50.48 28.70 21.63 9.29 13.26 9.40 – – – – – 6.57 – – 6.07 – – – – – ( 4) – – ( 4) – – – – – (4) – – (4) – – – – – (4) – – (4) – – – – – (4) – – (4) – – – – – (4) – – (4) 12.54 13.07 12.35 8.60 10.50 10.46 10.26 11.71 10.56 12.53 12.70 11.43 15.26 15.26 13.25 16.25 16.00 15.21 8.51 – – 6.25 – – 6.83 – – 8.50 – – 9.75 – – 10.14 – – 12.20 12.30 10.44 9.05 8.56 8.23 10.10 11.10 8.36 12.01 12.89 9.55 13.79 13.67 12.83 16.17 15.29 13.82 – – 7.54 – – 6.25 – – 6.60 – – 7.62 – – 8.42 – – 8.72 13.56 7.50 9.50 12.74 16.71 20.90 9.18 5.61 6.31 8.80 11.85 12.55 17.35 14.19 19.12 15.67 12.22 10.00 15.40 13.48 14.00 13.00 17.07 13.75 17.55 14.83 18.67 16.00 20.87 15.06 22.66 16.93 22.66 17.53 22.88 18.50 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 13.64 8.00 10.18 12.66 16.71 20.90 – – – – – – 14.56 7.80 11.15 14.34 20.01 20.01 – – – – – – 12.46 8.57 9.50 13.69 14.53 15.63 – – – – – – 14.29 10.12 10.95 7.25 12.17 7.80 15.55 9.36 16.71 12.02 16.71 13.39 – – – – – – – – – – – – See footnotes at end of table. 8 Table A-3. Hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, full-time and part-time workers2, all industries, Reading, PA, September 1998 — Continued All industries Full-time Occupation3 Percentiles Mean 10 25 Median 50 Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors (-Continued) Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ..................................... $14.82 $10.94 $11.70 $12.76 Transportation and material moving occupations .............................................. 13.22 9.10 10.35 12.41 Truck drivers ....................................... 13.03 9.10 9.50 12.50 Bus drivers .......................................... – – – – Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ...................................... 11.38 8.00 10.29 11.60 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..................................................... 10.25 6.80 7.36 9.00 Production helpers .............................. 11.54 6.52 9.60 11.81 Stock handlers and baggers ............... 8.66 6.75 6.90 8.25 Machine feeders and offbearers ......... 9.55 6.25 8.10 9.00 Hand packers and packagers ............. 10.39 6.88 6.88 10.70 Laborers except construction, N.E.C. 10.04 6.80 7.21 8.76 Service occupations ......................................... Protective service occupations ............... Police and detectives, public service .. Food service occupations ....................... Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. Health service occupations ..................... Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ..................................... Cleaning and building service occupations ...................................... Janitors and cleaners ......................... Personal service occupations ................. Part-time Percentiles Mean 10 25 Median 50 75 90 – – – – – 75 90 $19.33 $19.33 – 16.23 16.23 – 19.00 16.23 – $11.19 – 11.59 12.75 14.28 – – – – – – 13.09 13.09 9.45 9.20 12.85 14.25 15.33 15.16 13.09 14.18 15.09 15.33 6.20 – – – – – 5.17 – – – – – 5.50 – – – – – 5.86 – – – – – 6.75 – – – – – 7.66 – – – – – $8.50 $10.50 $11.35 $12.55 $12.55 – – – – – 10.50 10.50 12.12 12.55 12.82 10.96 16.18 20.05 7.70 7.93 10.16 6.45 12.36 18.35 2.69 6.14 8.40 8.35 14.53 18.35 6.28 6.28 9.15 10.43 15.61 19.67 6.79 6.72 9.70 13.33 18.35 21.10 10.00 9.48 11.08 16.34 20.49 23.24 11.34 11.75 11.91 6.51 – – 5.21 6.04 8.65 2.83 – – 2.83 4.35 7.50 5.25 – – 2.83 5.07 8.24 5.82 – – 5.82 5.82 8.35 8.30 – – 5.82 6.87 9.15 9.40 – – 7.14 8.00 9.90 10.25 8.55 9.15 9.49 11.08 13.05 8.59 7.50 8.24 8.35 8.66 9.90 12.01 11.75 7.45 7.01 7.17 6.00 8.76 8.70 6.00 12.01 11.32 7.00 14.10 13.64 8.75 18.13 18.13 10.91 8.25 8.02 6.38 6.49 6.49 3.00 7.46 6.56 5.53 8.35 7.69 5.79 8.94 8.94 7.50 10.30 10.30 9.93 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the workers receive the same as or more than the rate shown, and half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the workers earn the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth earn the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 The positional statistics for this occupation were suppressed because some were below the minimum wage. In this update survey, an average decrease in mean wages for this occupation was applied to the positional statistics, causing the 10th percentile to go below the minimum wage. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 9 Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries, Reading, PA, September 1998 All industries Occupation3 Mean weekly hours4 Weekly earnings Mean Median Mean annual hours Annual earnings Mean Median All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 39.6 39.6 $630 639 $544 554 2,014 2,013 $32,021 32,441 $28,574 29,120 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 39.2 39.3 785 830 660 701 1,944 1,934 38,904 40,853 34,112 35,984 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... Health related occupations ....................................... Registered nurses ................................................ Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, except college and university .................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Technical occupations .................................................. Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Financial managers .............................................. Managers, medicine and health ........................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Management related occupations ............................ Sales occupations ............................................................ Sales workers, apparel ......................................... Sales workers, other commodities ........................ Cashiers ............................................................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Secretaries ........................................................... Order clerks .......................................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... General office clerks ............................................. Teachers’ aides .................................................... 38.5 38.3 – 40.0 40.0 39.8 39.8 38.0 36.0 35.2 36.2 – – – 994 1,069 – 952 899 776 766 1,567 1,253 1,240 1,283 – – – 943 1,046 – 1,052 988 773 776 1,602 1,299 1,218 1,309 – – – 1,772 1,712 – 2,080 2,080 2,069 2,069 1,451 1,348 1,313 1,349 – – – 45,703 47,732 – 49,509 46,750 40,375 39,818 59,775 46,909 46,198 47,829 – – – 42,141 44,990 – 54,704 51,376 40,186 40,352 64,075 48,616 45,755 48,857 – – – – 39.4 38.7 40.6 41.1 40.0 39.7 41.5 39.7 38.9 36.1 39.5 39.1 39.3 39.4 40.0 39.3 38.7 30.4 – 700 602 1,110 1,221 1,270 1,532 1,261 897 460 263 374 283 493 515 494 479 476 318 – 656 588 1,000 1,102 1,302 1,308 1,133 885 353 245 351 260 481 508 457 477 460 299 – 2,049 2,013 2,111 2,136 2,080 2,066 2,158 2,064 2,020 1,875 2,055 2,034 2,018 2,049 2,080 2,043 2,014 1,123 – 36,399 31,284 57,719 63,516 66,051 79,666 65,554 46,651 23,916 13,693 19,443 14,702 25,312 26,791 25,679 24,918 24,767 11,718 – 34,118 30,576 52,000 57,325 67,704 67,997 58,906 46,001 18,361 12,740 18,262 13,520 24,960 26,416 23,774 24,794 23,924 10,941 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Supervisors, production occupations .................... Machinists ............................................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ Extruding and forming machine operators ............ Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Assemblers ........................................................... Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Truck drivers ......................................................... Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... Production helpers ................................................ Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... Hand packers and packagers ............................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... 40.0 40.0 39.6 40.9 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 39.9 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 542 693 562 781 627 545 582 498 572 405 593 527 521 455 410 462 346 382 416 402 510 706 591 792 640 506 574 548 622 374 510 496 500 464 360 472 330 360 428 350 2,079 2,078 2,058 2,125 2,080 2,079 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,076 2,080 2,080 2,079 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 28,185 36,060 29,209 40,622 32,585 28,363 30,284 25,915 29,728 21,053 30,829 27,429 27,095 23,677 21,318 24,001 18,007 19,867 21,608 20,878 26,499 36,712 30,742 41,205 33,280 26,333 29,827 28,475 32,344 19,461 26,541 25,813 26,000 24,128 18,720 24,565 17,160 18,720 22,256 18,221 Service occupations ........................................................... Protective service occupations ................................. Police and detectives, public service .................... Food service occupations ......................................... Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. 39.3 39.6 40.5 38.9 37.6 431 641 811 299 298 400 602 820 272 269 2,019 2,061 2,105 1,933 1,735 22,123 33,344 42,192 14,880 13,759 20,592 31,294 42,619 13,659 13,659 See footnotes at end of table. 10 Table A-4. Weekly and annual earnings1 and hours for selected occupations, full-time workers only2, all industries, Reading, PA, September 1998 — Continued All industries Occupation3 Service occupations (-Continued) Health service occupations ....................................... Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Cleaning and building service occupations .............. Janitors and cleaners ........................................... Personal service occupations ................................... Mean weekly hours4 38.8 38.6 39.7 39.6 40.1 1 Earnings are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. The median designates position--one-half of the workers receive the same as or more, and one-half receive the same as or less than the rate shown. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. Weekly earnings Mean Median Mean annual hours $394 396 477 465 298 $380 380 480 440 280 1,983 1,967 2,063 2,057 2,049 Annual earnings Mean $20,145 20,174 24,783 24,171 15,259 Median $19,739 19,739 24,981 22,880 13,832 4 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 11 Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Reading, PA, September 1998 All workers 4 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ $15.36 15.68 $14.42 14.72 $20.83 20.86 $15.90 16.11 $9.28 9.92 White-collar occupations ................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Level 13 ............................................................ White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Level 13 ............................................................ 19.29 6.34 7.51 8.36 11.19 13.53 15.02 19.90 24.78 23.95 29.99 32.22 41.68 20.80 8.46 9.24 11.77 13.80 14.63 19.98 24.97 23.90 29.99 32.22 41.68 17.49 6.12 7.50 8.26 10.89 13.22 14.65 16.14 19.61 21.63 29.77 31.47 – 19.07 8.60 9.20 11.50 13.56 14.01 15.86 19.69 21.31 29.77 31.47 – 25.93 – 7.60 9.48 12.89 14.28 16.31 31.35 34.04 32.61 – 35.53 – 26.00 7.60 9.50 12.89 14.28 16.31 31.35 34.04 32.61 – 35.53 – 20.01 – 7.51 8.68 11.45 13.65 15.06 19.97 25.27 24.08 29.15 32.22 41.79 21.12 8.85 9.26 11.82 13.83 14.63 20.05 25.50 24.03 29.15 32.22 41.79 11.89 5.95 7.49 7.45 7.98 – 14.63 16.82 19.93 – – – – 15.73 7.49 9.13 – – 14.63 16.82 19.93 – – – – Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Level 8 .............................................................. Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, except college and university .................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, religious, and recreation workers .................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Technical occupations .................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Level 7 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Level 9 .............................................................. Level 11 ............................................................ Level 12 ............................................................ Management related occupations ............................ 25.27 27.40 12.16 14.70 28.21 25.79 28.54 31.72 – 23.80 – 19.43 19.34 41.05 34.26 34.08 34.78 35.73 – – – 21.60 23.39 – – 17.47 19.06 20.48 31.72 – 24.08 – 18.83 19.17 – – – – – – – – 31.54 32.59 – – 32.37 34.04 35.73 – – – – – – – 34.45 34.08 35.17 35.73 – – – 25.79 27.88 – – 28.55 26.55 29.67 27.87 – 23.80 – 19.51 19.47 41.20 34.79 34.28 34.76 35.73 – – – 20.22 22.43 – – 19.12 19.93 – – – – – 19.10 18.86 – 21.69 – – – – – – – 17.30 15.92 14.65 27.35 17.00 21.95 29.45 29.49 29.75 22.50 29.82 29.99 22.61 – 17.32 – 14.65 27.13 16.53 21.74 28.95 28.70 29.66 22.53 29.64 29.12 22.31 – – – – 28.53 – – – – 30.18 – – – 24.52 – 17.76 16.39 14.92 27.34 17.00 21.92 29.45 29.49 29.74 22.45 29.82 29.99 22.61 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Occupational group3 and level See footnotes at end of table. 12 Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Reading, PA, September 1998 — Continued All workers 4 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers White-collar occupations (-Continued) Management related occupations (-Continued) Level 9 .............................................................. Sales occupations ............................................................ Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. $21.48 10.49 5.65 6.57 7.31 9.05 11.52 12.29 8.46 9.24 11.64 12.85 14.57 15.44 $21.00 10.50 5.65 6.57 7.26 9.05 11.52 12.25 8.60 9.20 11.45 12.35 – 15.44 – – – – – – – $12.50 7.60 9.50 12.56 13.62 – – $21.48 11.84 – 6.57 7.74 9.67 12.08 12.54 8.85 9.26 11.69 12.85 14.62 15.44 – $6.57 – – 6.60 – – 8.51 7.49 9.13 – – – – Blue-collar occupations ......................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Level 5 .............................................................. Level 6 .............................................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. 13.45 8.37 8.59 12.16 12.02 14.86 15.91 18.80 23.51 17.34 15.03 13.69 18.77 20.57 13.61 8.78 8.76 12.04 11.56 14.93 12.99 12.35 12.91 15.65 10.11 8.25 8.36 12.28 12.61 12.56 13.43 8.35 8.53 12.17 11.96 14.85 15.91 18.89 23.51 17.54 15.31 13.69 18.85 20.57 13.61 8.78 8.76 12.04 11.56 14.94 12.83 12.35 12.96 15.39 9.95 8.23 8.18 12.30 12.50 12.56 14.08 – – 11.72 12.72 14.90 – 17.16 – 14.66 – – 17.15 – – – – – – – 14.71 – – – 13.04 – – – – – 13.56 8.40 8.65 12.23 12.02 14.86 15.91 18.81 23.51 17.35 15.03 13.69 18.79 20.57 13.64 – 8.78 12.04 11.56 14.93 13.22 12.57 12.91 15.65 10.25 8.31 8.47 12.37 12.61 12.56 9.18 – 7.02 11.18 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 11.19 – – – 6.20 – – – – – Service occupations ........................................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Protective service occupations ............................... Food service occupations ........................................ Level 1 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. Health service occupations ..................................... Level 3 .............................................................. Cleaning and building service occupations ............ Level 1 .............................................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. 9.93 7.35 11.14 9.76 7.85 11.94 16.10 6.53 5.96 8.95 9.84 9.97 11.88 9.58 14.34 10.85 8.86 6.96 11.32 8.54 7.49 – – 5.78 5.87 – 9.21 8.58 12.00 9.26 – – 12.62 9.61 10.67 11.97 – 12.97 16.10 10.75 – – 11.28 – 11.55 10.32 – 12.34 10.96 8.08 11.91 10.22 10.01 12.12 16.18 7.70 6.03 – 10.16 – 12.01 9.71 14.34 10.85 6.51 5.91 6.50 8.45 – – – 5.21 – – 8.65 – 8.25 – – – Occupational group3 and level See footnotes at end of table. 13 Table B-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Reading, PA, September 1998 — Continued All workers 4 Occupational group3 and level Service occupations (-Continued) Personal service occupations ................................. Level 1 .............................................................. 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation’s ranking within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for more information. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers $6.93 5.52 $6.98 – $6.15 – $7.45 – $6.38 5.11 full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 14 Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Reading, PA, September 1998 All workers4 Occupation3 and level White-collar occupations: Professional specialty and technical occupations: Professional specialty occupations: Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... Registered nurses ................................................ Level 8 .............................................................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Level 7 .............................................................. Level 8 .............................................................. Level 9 .............................................................. Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. Technical occupations: Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations: Financial managers .............................................. Administrators, education and related fields ......... Managers, medicine and health ........................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Level 12 ............................................................ Sales occupations: Sales workers, apparel ......................................... Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings .... Sales workers, other commodities ........................ Level 4 .............................................................. Cashiers ............................................................... Level 3 .............................................................. Administrative support occupations, including clerical: Secretaries ........................................................... Level 4 .............................................................. Level 5 .............................................................. Order clerks .......................................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... Level 4 .............................................................. General office clerks ............................................. Teachers’ aides .................................................... Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... Blue-collar occupations: Precision production, craft, and repair occupations: Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Supervisors, production occupations .................... Level 7 .............................................................. Machinists ............................................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors: Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ Extruding and forming machine operators ............ Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Assemblers ........................................................... Level 3 .............................................................. Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Transportation and material moving occupations: Truck drivers ......................................................... Bus drivers ............................................................ Level 3 .............................................................. Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Level 3 .............................................................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers: Production helpers ................................................ Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Level 2 .............................................................. Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... Hand packers and packagers ............................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... See footnotes at end of table. 15 All industries All industries Private industry State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers $22.48 19.16 19.27 35.19 35.25 35.30 34.35 35.06 36.80 33.83 $22.80 18.99 19.05 – – – – – – – – – – $35.76 36.04 35.30 34.35 35.06 36.80 33.83 $22.48 19.25 19.49 35.19 35.25 35.46 – 35.06 36.80 – – $18.91 18.61 – – – – – – – 14.91 13.84 – 15.54 – 31.76 37.77 38.56 30.38 27.12 31.76 – – 30.87 27.12 – – – – – 31.76 – 38.56 30.38 27.12 – – – – – 7.03 8.61 8.80 8.08 6.59 6.81 7.03 8.61 8.80 8.08 6.51 6.67 – – – – – – 7.30 – 9.46 – 7.23 – – – – – 6.07 – 13.07 11.70 13.72 12.35 12.20 11.74 12.13 9.16 10.37 12.95 11.29 – 12.35 12.06 11.52 11.94 – – 13.07 11.70 13.72 12.35 12.20 11.74 12.30 10.44 – – – – – – – – 7.54 – 14.19 19.12 18.05 15.67 14.19 19.12 18.05 15.67 – – – – 14.19 19.12 18.05 15.67 – – – – 14.56 12.46 14.29 10.10 12.62 14.82 14.56 12.46 14.29 10.10 12.62 14.82 – – – – – – 14.56 12.46 14.29 10.12 12.62 14.82 – – – – – – 12.84 12.25 11.76 11.38 10.94 12.79 – – 11.38 10.94 11.54 8.41 8.05 9.55 10.39 9.98 11.39 8.41 8.05 9.55 10.37 9.92 13.46 – – – 12.74 – – 9.16 – – 13.63 – – – – – – – – – 13.03 – – 11.38 10.94 11.54 8.66 – 9.55 10.39 10.04 – 11.59 11.76 – – – – – – – – Table B-2. Mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations and levels2, all industries, private industry, State and local government, full-time and part-time workers, Reading, PA, September 1998 — Continued All workers4 Occupation3 and level Blue-collar occupations: (-Continued) Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers: (-Continued) Laborers except construction, N.E.C. (-Continued) Level 1 .............................................................. Service occupations: Protective service occupations: Police and detectives, public service .................... Food service occupations: Waiters and waitresses ........................................ Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. Level 1 .............................................................. Health service occupations: Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Level 3 .............................................................. Cleaning and building service occupations: Janitors and cleaners ........................................... Level 1 .............................................................. Level 3 .............................................................. 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 Each occupation for which wage data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on 10 factors, including knowledge, complexity, work environment, etc. Points are assigned based on the occupation’s ranking within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See technical note for more information. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a All industries Private industry $8.24 $8.24 20.05 – All industries State and local government Full-time workers Part-time workers – $8.33 – $20.05 20.05 – 4.79 7.28 6.82 4.79 6.43 – – 10.32 – – 7.93 – – $6.04 – 9.86 10.13 9.01 8.55 11.44 – 10.25 – 8.59 – 11.65 9.80 10.55 11.78 9.54 – 11.39 10.32 – 11.75 9.90 10.55 8.02 – – full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 16 Table C-1. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and selected characteristics, all industries, Reading, PA, September 1998 Occupational group2 Full-time workers3 Part-time workers3 Union4 Nonunion4 Time5 Incentive5 All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ $15.90 16.11 $9.28 9.92 $16.97 16.98 $14.55 14.95 $15.51 15.81 $12.41 12.60 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar excluding sales ............................................. 20.01 21.12 11.89 15.73 26.01 26.09 17.78 19.35 19.51 20.83 11.45 – Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Technical occupations .................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Sales occupations ............................................................ Administrative support including clerical occupations ...... 25.79 27.88 17.76 27.34 11.84 12.54 20.22 22.43 – – 6.57 8.51 30.55 32.35 – – – 13.08 22.11 23.78 17.62 27.49 10.50 12.17 25.27 27.40 17.30 27.35 10.23 12.32 – – – – 11.73 – Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 13.56 17.35 13.64 13.22 10.25 9.18 – – 11.19 6.20 14.57 18.19 13.98 13.76 12.82 12.47 16.63 13.22 12.10 8.49 13.52 17.52 13.88 12.69 10.03 12.46 – 10.46 – – Service occupations ........................................................... 10.96 6.51 13.28 7.99 9.65 – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 4 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. 5 Time workers’ wages are based solely on an hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 17 Table C-2. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and industry division, private industry, all workers2, Reading, PA, September 1998 Goods-producing industries4 Occupational group3 All private industries Total Mining Construction All occupations ........................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ................................................ $14.42 14.72 $16.08 16.07 – – White-collar occupations ....................................................... White-collar excluding sales ................................................. 17.49 19.07 22.22 22.39 – – – – Professional specialty and technical occupations ................ Professional specialty occupations ................................... Technical occupations ...................................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ....... Sales occupations ................................................................ Administrative support, including clerical occupations ......... 21.60 23.39 17.32 27.13 10.50 12.25 26.48 – 20.37 28.37 – 13.05 – – – – – – Blue-collar occupations ......................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .............. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. Transportation and material moving occupations ................. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... 13.43 17.54 13.61 12.83 9.95 14.36 17.90 13.89 12.93 11.33 Service occupations ............................................................... 8.86 14.27 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. 4 Goods-producing industries include mining, construction, and manufacturing. 5 Service-producing industries include transportation and public utilities; wholesale Manufacturing $16.81 $16.06 16.81 16.05 Service-producing industries5 Total TransWholeportsale ation and and retail public trade utilities Finance, insurance, and real estate Services – – – – – – – – $14.54 14.52 22.23 22.41 – – – – – – – – 19.22 19.39 – – – – – – 26.48 – 20.37 28.30 – 13.14 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 18.12 19.39 14.41 – – 10.97 – – – – – 15.93 15.93 – – – 14.31 18.20 13.89 12.93 11.33 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 8.97 – 7.84 – 7.52 – – 14.27 – – – – 8.98 and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 18 Table C-3. Mean hourly earnings1 by occupational group and establishment employment size, private industry, all workers2, Reading, PA, September 1998 100 workers or more All private industry workers 50 - 99 workers All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ $14.42 14.72 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar excluding sales ............................................. Occupational group3 Total 100 - 499 workers 500 workers or more $14.88 15.15 $14.33 14.64 $12.67 12.96 $17.53 17.64 17.49 19.07 19.52 21.60 17.01 18.52 15.18 16.95 20.33 20.76 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Technical occupations .................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Sales occupations ............................................................ Administrative support, including clerical occupations ..... 21.60 23.39 17.32 27.13 10.50 12.25 – – – – 12.51 11.00 21.70 23.44 17.37 25.84 9.88 12.49 18.74 20.30 15.59 23.04 9.75 12.96 23.79 25.45 18.99 35.61 – 11.52 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 13.43 17.54 13.61 12.83 9.95 13.30 15.43 13.18 9.86 – 13.45 18.34 13.66 13.34 10.05 11.88 16.19 11.17 13.18 10.76 16.27 20.01 18.06 – 8.39 Service occupations ........................................................... 8.86 5.61 9.72 8.90 12.45 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. 19 Table C-4. Number of workers1 represented by occupational group, Reading, PA, September 1998 All workers Occupational group2 All industries Private industry State and local government All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 88,625 82,594 73,009 67,073 15,616 15,521 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar excluding sales ............................................. 38,285 32,254 28,300 22,364 9,984 9,889 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Technical occupations .................................................. Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Sales occupations ............................................................ Administrative support including clerical occupations ...... 14,261 11,652 2,609 6,133 6,031 11,860 7,956 5,653 2,302 5,170 5,936 9,239 6,305 5,999 – 963 – 2,621 Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ..... 35,646 7,124 15,448 4,441 8,633 34,241 6,616 15,418 4,022 8,185 1,405 508 – 419 448 Service occupations ........................................................... 14,694 10,467 4,227 1 Both full-time and part-time workers were included in the survey. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another establishment, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational 20 Appendix A. Technical Note This section provides basic information on the procedures and concepts used to produce the data contained in this bulletin. It is divided into three parts: Planning for the survey; data collection; and processing and analyzing the data. While this section answers some questions commonly asked by data users, it is not a comprehensive description of all the steps required to produce the data. developed using the most recent month of reference available at the time the sample was selected. The reference month for the private sector is March 1996. The sampling frame was reviewed prior to the survey and, when necessary, missing establishments were added, outof-business and out-of-scope establishments were removed, and addresses, employment levels, industry classification, and other information were updated. Planning for the survey Sample design The sample for this survey area was selected using a two stage stratified design with probability proportional to employment sampling at each stage. The first stage of sample selection was a probability sample of establishments. The sample of establishments was drawn by first stratifying the sampling frame where the strata are determined by industry and whether the establishment is private, State government or local government. The number of sample establishments allocated to each stratum is approximately proportional to the stratum employment. Each sampled establishment is selected within a stratum with a probability proportional to its employment. Use of this technique means that the larger an establishment’s employment, the greater its chance of selection. Weights were applied to each establishment when the data were tabulated so that the sample units within each stratum represent all the units within the stratum, both sampled and nonsampled. See appendix table 1 for a count of establishments in the survey by employment size. The second stage of sample selection, detailed below, was a probability sample of occupations within a sampled establishment. The overall design of the survey is based on the type of data to be produced. Establishments that participate in the NCS are studied for several collection cycles. This allows changes in wages within these establishments to be observed over time. Individual wage data are collected for selected jobs during each establishment’s initial cycle and updated during subsequent cycles. When data are not available during a collection cycle, efforts are made to collect the data during subsequent cycles and include it in later tabulations. Beginning in the year 2001, the current NCS sample will be replenished on a rotating basis. Survey scope This survey of the Reading, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area covered establishments employing 50 workers or more in goods-producing industries (mining, construction and manufacturing); service-producing industries (transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services industries); and State and local governments. Agriculture, private households, and the Federal Government were excluded from the scope of the survey. For purposes of this survey an establishment was an economic unit which produces goods or services, a central administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing support services to a company. For private industries in this survey, the establishment was usually at a single physical location. For State and local governments, an establishment was defined as all locations of a government entity. The Reading, PA MSA includes Berks County. Data collection Detailed procedures are followed when collecting data from survey respondents. For the initial data collection, field economists, working out of the Regional Office, visited each establishment surveyed. The field economists - through mail, phone, or personal visit - completed update collection, which involved obtaining current pay data. The following procedures are used for schedules initiated for the first time or reinitiated during an update. Sampling frame The list of establishments from which the survey sample was selected (sampling frame) was developed from the State unemployment insurance reports for the Reading, PA, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The reference month for the public sector is June 1994. Due to the volatility of industries within the private sector, sampling frames were Occupational selection and classification Identification of the occupations for which wage data were to be collected was a multi-step process: 1. Probability-proportional-to-size selection of establishment jobs. 21 A complete list of all individual occupations, classified by the MOG to which they belong, is contained in appendix B. In step three, certain other job characteristics of the chosen worker were identified. First, the worker was identified as holding either a full-time or part-time job, based on the establishment’s definition of those terms. Then the worker was classified as having a time versus incentive job, depending on whether any part of pay was directly based on the actual production of the worker, rather than solely on hours worked. Finally, the worker was identified as being in a union job or a nonunion job. See the “Definition of Terms” section on the following page for more detail. 2. Classification of jobs into occupations based on the Census of Population system. 3. Characterization of jobs as full-time v. part-time, union v. nonunion, and time v. incentive. 4. Determination of the level of work of each job. For each occupation, wage data were collected for those workers who met all the criteria identified in the last three steps. Special procedures were developed for jobs for which a correct classification or level could not be determined. In step one, the jobs to be sampled were selected at each establishment by the BLS field economist during a personal visit. A complete list of employees was used for sampling, with each selected worker representing a job within the establishment. As with the selection of establishments, the selection of a job was based on probability proportional to its size in the establishment. The greater the number of people working in a job in the establishment, the greater its chance of selection. The number of jobs collected in each establishment was based on an establishment’s employment size as shown in the following schedule: Number of employees 50-99 100-249 250-999 1000-2,499 2,500+ Generic leveling through point factor analysis In the last step before wage data were collected, the work level of each selected job was determined using a “generic leveling” process. Generic leveling ranks and compares all occupations randomly selected in an establishment using the same criteria. This is a major departure from the method used in the past in the Bureau’s Occupational Compensation Surveys which studied specifically defined occupations with leveling definitions unique to each occupation. For this survey, the level of each occupation in an establishment was determined by an analysis of each of 10 leveling factors. Nine of these factors are drawn from the U.S. Government Office of Personnel Management’s Factor Evaluation System, which is the underlying structure for evaluation of General Schedule Federal employees. The tenth factor, supervisory duties, attempts to account for the effect of supervisory duties. It is considered experimental. The 10 factors are: Number of selected jobs 8 10 12 16 20 The second step of the process entailed classifying the selected jobs into occupations based on their duties. The National Compensation Survey occupational classification system is based on the 1990 Census of Population. A selected job may fall into any one of about 480 occupational classifications, from accountant to wood lathe operator. In cases where a job’s duties overlapped two or more census classification codes, the duties used to set the wage level were used to classify the job. Classification by primary duties was the fallback. Each occupational classification is an element of a broader classification known as a major occupational group (MOG). Occupations can fall into any of the following MOG’s: · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Knowledge Supervision received Guidelines Complexity Scope and effect Personal contacts Purpose of contacts Physical demands Work environment Supervisory duties Each factor contains a number of levels and each level has an associated written description and point value. The number and range of points differ among the factors. For each factor, an occupation was assigned a level based on which written description best matched the job. Within each occupation, the points for 9 factors (supervisory duties was excluded) were recorded and totaled. The total determines the overall level of the occupation. Appendix table 3 presents average work levels for published occupational groups and selected occupations. A description of the levels for each factor is shown in appendix C. Professional specialty and technical Executive, administrative, and managerial Sales Administrative support including clerical Precision production, craft, and repair Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Service occupations 22 also collected. For hourly workers, scheduled hours worked per day and per week, exclusive of overtime, were recorded. Annual weeks worked were determined. Because salaried workers, exempt from overtime provisions, often work beyond the assigned work schedule, their typical number of hours actually worked was collected. Tabulations of levels of work for occupations in the survey follow the Federal Government’s white-collar General Schedule. Point ranges for each of the 15 levels are shown in appendix D. It also includes an example of a leveled job and a guide to help data users evaluate jobs in their firm. Wage data collected in prior surveys using the new generic leveling method were evaluated by BLS researchers using regression techniques. For each of the major occupational groups, wages were compared to the 10 generic level factors (and levels within those factors). The analysis showed that several of the generic level factors, most notably knowledge and supervision received, had strong explanatory power for wages. That is, as the levels within a given factor increased, the wages also increased. Detailed research continues in the area. The results of this research will be published by BLS in the future. Definition of terms Full-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be full time. Incentive worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied, at least in part, to commissions, piece rates, production bonuses, or other incentives based on production or sales. Level. A ranking of an occupation based on the requirements of the position. (See the description in the technical note and the example for more details on the leveling process.) Collection period The survey was collected from July 1998 through February 1999. The average payroll reference month was September 1998. For each establishment in the survey, the data reflect the establishment’s practices on the day of collection. Nonunion worker. An employee in an occupation not meeting the conditions for union coverage (see below). Earnings Earnings were defined as regular payments from the employer to the employee as compensation for straighttime hourly work, or for any salaried work performed. The following components were included as part of earnings: · · · · · Part-time worker. Any employee that the employer considers to be part-time. Straight-time. Time worked at the standard rate of pay for the job. Incentive pay, including commissions, production bonuses, and piece rates Cost-of-living allowances Hazard pay Payments of income deferred due to participation in a salary reduction plan Deadhead pay, defined as pay given to transportation workers returning in a vehicle without freight or passengers Time-based worker. Any employee whose earnings are tied to an hourly rate or salary, and not to a specific level of production. Union worker. Any employee is in a union occupation when all of the following conditions are met: · · The following forms of payments were not considered part of straight-time earnings: · · · · · · · · Shift differentials, defined as extra payment for working a schedule that varies from the norm, such as night or weekend work Premium pay for overtime, holidays, and weekends Bonuses not directly tied to production (e.g., Christmas bonuses, profit-sharing bonuses) Uniform and tool allowances Free room and board Payments made by third parties (e.g., tips, bonuses given by manufacturers to department store salespeople, referral incentives in real estate) On-call pay A labor organization is recognized as the bargaining agent for all workers in the occupation. Wage and salary rates are determined through collective bargaining or negotiations. Settlement terms, which must include earnings provisions and may include benefit provisions, are embodied in a signed mutually binding collective bargaining agreement. Processing and analyzing the data Data were processed and analyzed at the Bureau’s National Office following collection. Weighting and nonresponse Sample weights were calculated for each establishment/occupation in the survey. These weights reflected the relative size of the occupation within the establishment and of the establishment within the sample universe. Weights were used to aggregate the individual establishment/occupations into the various data series. Of the In order to calculate earnings for various time periods (hourly, weekly, and annual), data on work schedules were 23 cally selected probability sample. There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based on a sample survey, sampling and nonsampling. Sampling errors occur because observations come only from a sample and not from an entire population. The sample used for this survey is one of a number of possible samples of the same size that could have been selected using the sample design. Estimates derived from the different samples would differ from each other. A measure of the variation among these differing estimates is called the standard error or sampling error. It indicates the precision with which an estimate from a particular sample approximates the average result of all possible samples. The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error divided by the estimate. Appendix table 2 contains RSE data for selected series in this bulletin. RSE data for all series in this bulletin are available on the Internet web site and by request to the BLS National Office. The standard error can be used to calculate a “confidence interval” around a sample estimate. As an example, suppose table A-1 shows that mean hourly earnings for all workers was $12.79 per hour, and appendix table 2 shows a relative standard error of 3.6 percent for this estimate. At the 90-percent level, the confidence interval for this estimate is $13.55 to $12.03 ($12.79 plus and minus 1.645 times 3.6 percent times $12.79). If all possible samples were selected to estimate the population value, the interval from each sample would include the true population value approximately 90 percent of the time. Nonsampling errors also affect survey results. They can stem from many sources, such as inability to obtain information for some establishments, difficulties with survey definitions, inability of the respondents to provide correct information, or mistakes in recording or coding the data obtained. A Technical Reinterview Program done in all survey areas will be used in the development of a formal quality assessment process to help compute nonsampling error. Although they also were not specifically measured, efforts were made to minimize nonsampling errors by the extensive training of field economists who gathered survey data, computer editing of the data, and detailed data review. establishments surveyed, 27.5 percent (representing 27,536 employees) refused to supply information. If data were not provided by a sample member, the weights of responding sample members in the same or similar “cells” were adjusted to account for the missing data. This technique assumes that the mean value of the nonrespondents equals the mean value of the respondents at some detailed “cell” level. Responding and nonresponding establishments were classified into these cells according to industry and employment size. Responding and nonresponding occupations within responding establishments were classified into cells which were additionally defined by major occupation group and job level. Establishments which were determined to be out of business or outside the scope of the survey (7.6 percent of the total sample) had their weights changed to zero. If only partial data were given by a sample establishment or occupation, or data were missing, the response was treated as a refusal. Estimation The wage series in the tables are computed by combining the wages for individual establishment/occupations. Before being combined, individual wage rates are weighted by: number of workers; the sample weight adjusted for nonresponding establishments and other factors; and the occupation work schedule, varying depending on whether hourly, weekly, or annual rates are being calculated. The respondent has the option of giving mean data instead of individual wages in the years following the initiation. In 1998, the publication criteria were changed to allow more data to publish. Not all series that were calculated met the criteria for publication. Before any series was published, it was reviewed to make sure that the number of observations underlying it was sufficient. This review prevented publishing a series that could have revealed information about a specific establishment. As a result of the use of sampling weights, the number of workers estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study not the actual number of workers surveyed. Data reliability The data in this bulletin are estimates from a scientifi- 24 Appendix table 1. Number of establishments studied by industry division and establishment employment size, and number of establishments represented, Reading, PA, September 1998 Number of establishments studied Industry All industries ......................................................... Private industry ................................................. Goods-producing industries .......................... Mining ....................................................... Construction ............................................. Manufacturing ........................................... Service-producing industries ........................ Tranportation and public utilities ............... Wholesale and retail trade ........................ Finance, insurance and real estate .......... Services .................................................... State and local government .............................. Number of establishments represented 100 workers or more Total studied 499 461 168 1 21 147 293 19 132 23 119 37 135 101 52 1 3 48 49 4 21 4 20 34 50 - 99 workers 35 26 12 1 3 8 14 1 8 2 3 9 Total 100 75 40 – – 40 35 3 13 2 17 25 100 - 499 workers 78 64 34 – – 22 11 6 – – 34 30 3 10 2 15 14 NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported. Overall industry and industry groups may include data for categories not shown separately. 25 500 workers or more 6 5 – 3 – 2 11 Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all workers2, Reading, PA, September 1998 (in percent) Occupation3 All industries Private industry State and local government All occupations ....................................................................... All occupations excluding sales ............................................ 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 White-collar occupations ................................................... White-collar occupations excluding sales ......................... 3.6 3.4 4.9 4.9 3.5 3.5 Professional specialty and technical occupations ............ Professional specialty occupations ............................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ....................... Mathematical and computer scientists ..................... Computer systems analysts and scientists ........... Natural scientists ...................................................... Health related occupations ....................................... Registered nurses ................................................ Teachers, college and university .............................. Teachers, except college and university .................. Elementary school teachers ................................. Secondary school teachers .................................. Teachers, N.E.C. .................................................. Librarians, archivists, and curators ........................... Social scientists and urban planners ........................ Social, recreation, and religious workers .................. Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. .......................................... Technical occupations .................................................. Licensed practical nurses ..................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ... Executives, administrators, and managers ............... Financial managers .............................................. Administrators, education and related fields ......... Managers, medicine and health ........................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. .................. Management related occupations ............................ Sales occupations ............................................................ Sales workers, apparel ......................................... Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings .... Sales workers, other commodities ........................ Cashiers ............................................................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical ..... Secretaries ........................................................... Order clerks .......................................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ...... General office clerks ............................................. Teachers’ aides .................................................... Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ......... 3.7 3.7 – 5.5 6.4 – 3.4 1.6 5.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.8 – – – 8.1 9.2 – 5.4 6.5 – 2.7 1.4 – – – – – – – – 3.4 3.2 – – – – – – – 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.8 – – – – 5.4 5.4 5.5 7.0 11.4 5.8 21.3 9.1 4.7 8.3 5.7 14.0 6.5 5.3 2.6 3.3 5.7 4.8 7.6 6.0 4.2 – 6.0 1.1 6.5 8.3 11.4 – – 9.4 5.3 8.3 5.7 14.0 6.5 5.1 3.1 4.4 5.7 5.7 10.5 – – – – – 5.3 5.9 – – – – 8.1 – – – – – 3.0 2.0 – 6.4 – 6.0 – Blue-collar occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .......... Industrial machinery repairers .............................. Supervisors, production occupations .................... Machinists ............................................................. Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .............. Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. ................ Extruding and forming machine operators ............ Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ........... Assemblers ........................................................... Production inspectors, checkers and examiners .. Transportation and material moving occupations ............. Truck drivers ......................................................... Bus drivers ............................................................ Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators .. Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...... Production helpers ................................................ Stock handlers and baggers ................................. Machine feeders and offbearers ........................... 2.2 3.3 5.1 4.9 3.2 3.8 14.3 10.9 6.0 5.8 12.0 4.6 8.4 5.3 5.4 4.2 7.7 5.5 10.7 2.3 3.4 5.1 4.9 3.2 3.8 14.3 10.9 6.0 5.8 12.0 5.1 8.6 – 5.4 4.4 8.1 5.5 10.7 4.4 6.0 – – – – – – – – – 4.0 – 5.1 – 11.0 – – – See footnotes at end of table. 26 Appendix table 2. Relative standard errors of mean hourly earnings1 for selected occupations, all industries, private industry, and State and local government, all workers2, Reading, PA, September 1998 — Continued (in percent) All industries Private industry State and local government Blue-collar occupations (-Continued) Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers (-Continued) Hand packers and packagers ............................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ................... 8.0 5.5 8.1 5.6 – – Service occupations ........................................................... Protective service occupations ................................. Police and detectives, public service .................... Food service occupations ......................................... Waiters and waitresses ........................................ Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ................. Health service occupations ....................................... Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ............... Cleaning and building service occupations .............. Janitors and cleaners ........................................... Personal service occupations ................................... 5.9 4.7 4.3 7.1 20.6 8.3 2.2 2.4 5.9 7.5 10.2 7.6 – – 4.4 20.6 3.1 2.4 1.8 7.6 10.8 10.8 3.3 4.8 4.3 2.8 – 7.3 2.6 2.6 4.2 4.4 8.9 Occupation3 1 The relative standard error is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. Hourly earnings for these occupations are presented in Tables A-1 and A-2. Reliable relative standard errors could not be determined for all occupations. 2 All workers include full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means not elsewhere classified. IN THIS SURVEY, THE NONRESPONSE RATE FOR PRIVATE INDUSTRY EXCEEDED REGULAR SURVEY STANDARDS FOR PUBLICATION. ACCORDINGLY, USERS SHOULD INTERPRET THESE RESULTS WITH THIS LIMITATION IN MIND. NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or 27 Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers, full-time and part-time workers, Reading, PA, September 1998 All Full-time Part-time workers workers workers Occupation1 All occupations ................................................................................. All occupations excluding sales ...................................................... 5 5 5 6 3 4 White-collar occupations ............................................................. White-collar occupations excluding sales ................................... 7 7 7 7 5 6 Professional specialty and technical occupations ...................... Professional specialty occupations ......................................... Engineers, architects, and surveyors ................................. Mathematical and computer scientists ............................... Computer systems analysts and scientists ..................... Natural scientists ................................................................ Health related occupations ................................................. Registered nurses .......................................................... Teachers, college and university ........................................ Teachers, except college and university ............................ Elementary school teachers ........................................... Secondary school teachers ............................................ Teachers, N.E.C. ............................................................ Librarians, archivists, and curators ..................................... Social scientists and urban planners .................................. Social, recreation, and religious workers ............................ Writers, authors, entertainers, athletes, and professionals, N.E.C. ........................................................................... Technical occupations ............................................................ Licensed practical nurses ............................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations ............. Executives, administrators, and managers ......................... Financial managers ........................................................ Administrators, education and related fields ................... Managers, medicine and health ..................................... Managers and administrators, N.E.C. ............................ Management related occupations ...................................... Sales occupations ...................................................................... Sales workers, apparel ................................................... Sales workers, furniture and home furnishings .............. Sales workers, other commodities .................................. Cashiers ......................................................................... Administrative support occupations, including clerical ............... Secretaries ..................................................................... Order clerks .................................................................... Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks ................ General office clerks ....................................................... Teachers’ aides .............................................................. Administrative support occupations, N.E.C. ................... 8 9 – 10 9 – 8 8 12 8 8 8 7 – – – 8 9 – 10 9 – 8 8 12 8 8 8 – – – – 8 8 – – – – 8 8 – 7 – – – – – – – 6 6 10 11 12 11 12 11 9 4 3 4 4 2 5 5 5 4 4 3 4 – 6 5 10 11 12 – 12 11 9 5 3 – 4 3 5 5 5 4 4 4 – – – – – – – – – – – 3 – – – 2 3 – – – – 2 – Blue-collar occupations ............................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair occupations .................... Industrial machinery repairers ........................................ Supervisors, production occupations .............................. Machinists ....................................................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ........................ Fabricating machine operators, N.E.C. .......................... Extruding and forming machine operators ...................... Miscellaneous machine operators, N.E.C. ..................... Assemblers ..................................................................... Production inspectors, checkers and examiners ............ Transportation and material moving occupations ....................... Truck drivers ................................................................... Bus drivers ...................................................................... Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators ............ Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ................ Production helpers .......................................................... Stock handlers and baggers ........................................... Machine feeders and offbearers ..................................... Hand packers and packagers ......................................... Laborers except construction, N.E.C. ............................. 4 6 6 8 6 4 5 4 5 3 5 4 3 3 4 2 4 3 2 2 2 4 6 6 8 6 4 5 4 5 3 5 4 3 – 4 2 4 3 2 2 2 3 – – – – – – – – – – 3 – 3 – 2 – – – – – Service occupations ..................................................................... Protective service occupations ........................................... 3 6 3 6 2 – See footnotes at end of table. 28 Appendix table 3. Average work levels for selected occupations, all workers, full-time and part-time workers, Reading, PA, September 1998 — Continued All Full-time Part-time workers workers workers Occupation1 Service occupations (-Continued) Protective service occupations (-Continued) Police and detectives, public service .............................. Food service occupations ................................................... Waiters and waitresses .................................................. Food preparation occupations, N.E.C. ........................... Health service occupations ................................................. Nursing aides, orderlies and attendants ......................... Cleaning and building service occupations ........................ Janitors and cleaners ..................................................... Personal service occupations ............................................. 1 A classification system including about 480 individual occupations is used to cover all workers in the civilian economy. Individual occupations are classified into one of nine major occupational groups. The occupations titled authors, musicians, actors, painters, photographers, dancers, artists, athletes, and legislators cannot be assigned a work level. 8 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 8 2 – 2 3 3 3 2 3 – 2 – 2 3 3 1 2 2 include data for categories not shown separately. N.E.C. means "not elsewhere classified." NOTE: Individual and average wage rates were collected in this update survey. A procedure was put into place to "move" the positional statistics where averages were collected. This procedure compares current locality survey data–at the quote level–with the same quote from the prior survey. Individual rates from the prior survey are moved by the average change in mean wages for the occupation. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups and occupational levels may 29
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