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https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis U.S. Department of Labor Elaine L. Chao, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Kathleen P. Utgoff, Commissioner The Monthly Labor Review (usps 987-800) is published monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor. The Review welcomes articles on the labor force, labor-m anagem ent relations, business co n d itio n s, industry productivity, com pensation, occupational safety and health, demographic trends, and other economic developments. Papers should be factual and analytical, not polemical in tone. 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Cover designed by Bruce Boyd https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW Volume 127, Number 10 October 2004 The BLS American Time-Use Survey From conception to implementation, this survey was 12 years in the making, representing deep levels of agency commitment and outside statistical support Michael Horrigan and Diane Herz Work-related multiple-fatality incidents 3 20 Such incidents claim the lives of 1 of 10 fatally injured workers and include some of the worst occupational catastrophes Dino Drudi and Mark Zak Employment in the public sector 38 Government employment surged during the 2001 recession, but fell victim to prolonged budget shortfalls afterwards Julie Hatch Departments Labor month in review Précis Book review Current labor statistics 2 48 49 51 Editor-in-Chief: William Parks • Executive Editor: Richard M. Devens • Managing Editor: Anna Huffman Hill • Editors: Brian I. Baker, Kristy S. Christiansen, Richard Hamilton, Leslie Brown Joyner • Book Reviews: Richard Hamilton • Design and Layout: Catherine D. Bowman, Edith W. Peters • Contributor: Ellen Messing https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Labor In Month Review The October Review The original impetus for a new survey o f in d iv id u a l tim e use w as an u n successful legislative proposal that the Bureau o f L abor Statistics “conduct tim e-u se surveys o f u n rem unerated work in the United States,” according to M ichael H orrigan and D iane H e rz ’s overview of the A m erican Time Use S u rv ey (ATUS). In the en d , a t u s provides much more than that: the splits b e tw e e n w o rk , le is u re , and o th e r activities, w here these activities are performed, and who in the family spends how m uch tim e at w hich activities, among others. This survey will prove to be a rich source of research data and valuable input to policymaking. Dino Drudi and Mark Zak report on multiple-fatality incidents in workplaces in the last five years of the 1990s. One o f th e ir c o n c lu s io n s a b o u t such trag ed ies is th at the circu m stan ces surrounding them and the industries and occupations in which they are most prevalent are not representative of the universe of fatal occupational injuries. Julie Hatch examines public sector employment in recession and recovery. She fin d s th a t g o v e rn m e n t jo b s , particularly at the State governm ent level, rose sharply during the recent re c e ssio n , b u t fell back in b u d g e t shortfalls that followed the downturn. but continued to account for the highest number of fatal work injuries. The 1,350 fa ta l h ig h w ay in c id e n ts in 2003 accounted for about one out of every four fatal work injuries. The number of w orkplace hom icides was higher in 2003— the first increase since 2000. D e sp ite the h ig h e r to ta l, the 631 workplace homicides in 2003 repres ented a 42-percent decline from the high of 1,080 homicides in 1994. In 2003, agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting had the highest rate of fatal work injuries of any industry sector: 31.2 fatalities per 100,000 w orkers. The largest number of fatal work injuries in 2003 was in the construction sector. The 1,126 fatal w ork injuries in private construction accounted for more than one out of every five workplace fatalities in 2003. A d d itio n al info rm atio n is available from “National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries in 2003,” news release u s d l 04-1830. Time-use survey results The new American Time Use Survey (a t u s ) has released its first estimates on how A m e ric a n s spen d th e ir tim e. Among the highlights: Fatal highway incidents were down in 2003 for the second consecutive year, • On the days that they worked, employed men worked about an hour more than employed women— 8.0 versus 7.1 hours. • Employed women 18 years and older spent about an hour more per day than employed adult men spent doing househ o ld activ ities and caring for household members. • On days they worked, about 1 in 5 employed persons did some or all of their work at home. • A dults in households w ithout children spent about 1.4 hours more per day en g ag ed in le isu re and sports activities than those with children. 2 2004 Fatal work injuries in 2003 A total of 5,559 fatal work injuries were recorded in the United States in 2003, a small increase from the revised total of 5,534 fatal work injuries reported for 2002. The rate at w hich fatal w ork in ju rie s o c c u rre d in 2003 w as 4.0 fa ta litie s p er 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 w o rk e rs, unchanged from the rate reported for 2002. Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober Data collection for the ATUS began in January 2003. The survey is sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. a t u s estimates for 2003 are based on interviews of about 21,000 individuals. R espondents were interview ed only once and reported their activities for the 24-hour period from 4 a.m. on the day before the interview until 4 a.m. on the day of the interview— their “diary day.” See the article by Michael Horrigan and Diane Herz starting on page 3 for more details about the design and execution of the survey. Job tenure Nearly 31 percent of workers age 25 and older had 10 or more years of tenure with their current employer in January 2004. Thirty-two percent of male wage and salary workers age 25 and older had been with their current employer for 10 years or more in January 2004, compared with 29 percent of women. Since January 1983, when the proportions were 38 percent for m en and 25 percent for w om en, the gap b etw een them has narrowed considerably. In all age categories below age 60, the percentage of men who had 10 years or more of tenure with their current employer is higher than that of women. In the categories age 60 to 64 and age 65 and older, women are more likely than men to have had 10 or more years of tenure. To learn more, see “Employee Tenure in 2004,” news release u s d l 0 4 1829. □ C o m m u n ic a tio n s re g a rd in g the Monthly Labor Review may be sent to the Editor- in-Chief at the addresses on the inside front cover, or faxed to (202) 691-5899. News releases are available at http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Time-Use Survey Planning, designing, and executing the BLS American Time-Use Survey From conception to implementation, the American Time Use Survey was 12 years in the making; its four developmental phases represented ever deeper levels of agency commitment and outside statistical support, as well as an evolution in thinking regarding survey estimation objectives, units o f measurement, sampling plans, and data collection and coding protocols Michael Horrigan and Diane Herz lhis article describes the evolution of the American Time Use Survey (a t u s ) from its inception as an issue of statistical policy interest in 1991 to its implementation in January 2003 as an ongoing monthly survey sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (b l s , the Bureau). This 12-year process included four developmental phases. Each successive phase represented a deep er level of agency commitment and outside statis tical support. Reports referenced in the text reflect an evolution in thinking at both the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Census Bureau regarding survey estimation objectives, units of measurement, the universe frame and sam pling plan, and data collection and coding protocols. T First phase: policy environment Michael Horrigan, Assistant Commissioner of the Office of O ccu p atio n al Statistics and Employment Projections, Bureau of Labor Statistics, formerly led the development of the atus ; Diane Herz, a supervisory economist in the bls Division of Labor Force Statistics, currently is managing the project. E-mail: herz.diane@bls.gov https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis In 1991, a bill introduced into the 102nd Congress called for the Bureau of Labor Statistics to “con duct time-use surveys of unremunerated work performed in the United States and to calculate the monetary value of such work.” Although the bill, called the “Unremunerated Work Act of 1991,” did not make it out of committee, the existence of a bill naming the Bureau as a sponsoring agency spurred b l s management to begin studying the issue. In April of the same year, the Bureau sent a representative to a conference sponsored by Statis tics Canada on the measurement and valuation of unpaid work. At the conference, it became clear that there was a strong sentiment in the inter national community that the lack of a time-use survey in the United States from which to measure the value of unpaid work was a significant data gap in the U.S. statistical system. Following the conference, a b l s working group was convened to review the literature and sum marize the conceptual issues related to measuring and valuing unpaid work. The initial focus of the group was on conceptual issues related to assign ing a monetary value to time spent in unpaid work activities. For example, • In assigning a wage value to time devoted to unpaid work, should one use the wage of a specialist (say, a gardener) or a generalist (say, an average worker) who may be hired to produce the good or perform the service? • Should the quality of the goods produced or services performed in unpaid work be ac counted for? • How should one account for the marginal utility that may be experienced by the individual who engages in producing a nonmarket good or service? In the context of the working group’s report, a timeuse survey was viewed simply as the vehicle for collecting input data related to the conceptual Monthly Labor Review O ctob er 2004 3 Time-Use Survey issues raised. Very little effort was directed toward examining other applications of time-use data or toward the practical considerations of collecting such data. The initial working group issued its report in 1993.1 Second phase: the pilot study After issuing its report, the working group was disbanded, and the Bureau, while maintaining an interest in the valuation of unpaid work, was not actively engaged in further research on the issue. This period of inactivity, however, did not last long. In 1995, in Beijing, China, the United Nations held an international conference on the status of women. As it did at the Canadian conference, the issue of measuring and valuing unremunerated work emerged as a topic of substantial international interest. The Beijing conference’s Platform for Action (item 206) stated, “national, regional and international statistical agencies should measure, in quantitative terms, unremunerated work that is outside national accounts and reflect its value in satellite or other official accounts that are separate from but consistent with core national accounts.”2 The Beijing conference prompted the BLS Commissioner to ask the time-use working group to reconvene. Now, however, the group’s focus shifted from investigating conceptual issues associated with unpaid work to examining the feasibility of collecting time-use data. Between 1995 and 1997, the working group undertook two significant activities directly related to examining the latter task. First, the Bureau hired a survey contractor, Westat, to conduct a pilot study to test two alternative time-use questionnaires using telephone interviews. Second, the Bureau cosponsored a timeuse conference with the MacArthur Network on Family and the Economy. The BLS pilot study on time use was conducted in 1997. Drawing on other surveys (primarily one conducted by Statistics Canada), it provided a foundation for what would become the third phase of the working group’s efforts. The pilot study discussed response rates, the collection of data on secondary activities, and how to probe for specific information. It also guided some subsequent research on when to call respondents.3 The first phase of the study included 21 cognitive interviews that focused on the ease or difficulty that respondents had in recalling activities from the previous day. The second phase was a random-digit-dialing sample of 1,000 households (1 person per household). The respondents were randomly divided into two groups. Members of the first group were asked what activities they were engaged in, when they performed each activity, and who was with them at the time. Members of the second group were asked the same questions, as well as whether they were doing anything else at the same time. The results of the pilot study were presented in the fall of 1997 at a conference entitled “Time Use, Non-market Work, and 4 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 Family Well-Being,” cosponsored by the Bureau and the M acA rthur Netw ork on Fam ily and the Economy.4 The conference yielded many benefits. First, it introduced the Bureau to the international community of time-use researchers and survey practitioners. Second, it provided the Bureau and, in particular, the Commissioner, with substantial evidence to support the assertion that the lack of a time-use survey was “the biggest single gap in the Federal Statistical System.”5Third, it gave the b l s time-use working group critical feedback on its work to date and influenced the direction of work in the next developmental phase. Two of the themes that emerged from the conference greatly influenced subsequent work on the survey.6 First, there was substantial debate over the desirability and the feasibility of measuring secondary activities. Although the theoretical value of such information was broadly supported, varying opinions were expressed about the ability to collect the data accurately and about how one m ight interpret results. Paper diary approaches that provide respondents the opportunity to list secondary activities, such as that utilized in the Australian timeuse survey, are the best method; however, to be optimal, they must be combined with personal interviews, which permit the interviewer to probe diary entries in order to get accurate data. As a result, these approaches are quite costly. A computerassisted telephone interview ( c a t i ) allows for probes of secondary activities. However, the working group was con cerned over the repetitive nature and associated respondent burden of asking, “What else were you doing?” after every activity reported. The discussion at the conference also pointed to the significance of childcare and, in particular, secondary childcare, as a key, if not the key, secondary activity. Some expressed the sentiment that capturing childcare well, even in the absence of data on other secondary activities, would be a significant accomplishment. The second theme that emerged was the choice of the unit of observation in a time-use survey. Conference participants drew a sharp contrast between an approach in which all household members were interviewed and an approach in which only one individual per household was interviewed. The former is more consonant with household bargaining models, according to which choices made regarding time use are partly a function of how other members in one’s economic unit are spending their time and the focus is on behavioral models of constrained choice. Ancillary information on the household also figures importantly, such as the ownership of capital (for example, household technology) that can influence the time spent doing unpaid work. The participants noted that using the individual as the unit of observation would still allow reporting of many of the same concepts that multiple interviews would allow, although without the richness of detail that is particularly useful in testing household bargaining models. For example, it would be possible to estimate the average time that married men with working wives spend doing housework. Third phase: the Commissioner’s charge Follow ing the BLS-MacArthur conference, the BLS Com missioner asked the working group to develop a more detailed plan for collecting time-use data. The resulting report became the blueprint for the a t u s . The Commissioner’s request came against a backdrop of activities by the National Academy of Sciences (hereafter, National Academy).7 Having attended the BLS-MacArthur Network conference, members of the National Academy proposed holding a workshop on the value of timeuse data for the U.S. statistical system. The Bureau was invited to present a report on how it would approach the collection of time-use data. The report subm itted by the Bureau to the N ational Academy’s workshop was the working group’s first full-fledged attempt to describe how the Bureau would conduct a time-use survey; as such, it stands in contrast to the eventual survey operation that was fielded. Assumptions and constraints. Some key assumptions and constraints were imposed at the outset of the third phase of the development of the a t u s . These assumptions were the outgrowth of discussions that took place after the BLS-MacArthur conference and reflected the evolution of the thinking at the Bureau between the time of the conference and that of the Commissioner’s charge to the working group: • Unit o f observation: One individual per sam pled household. • Sample frame: Households permanently leaving the Current Population Survey (CPS; “month-in-sample 8,” or “ m i s -8,” households). • Collection mode: CATI. • Reference period: A 24-hour-day time diary (a listing of activities the respondent participated in on the day before the interview). The choice of one individual per household (instead of multiple members of the household) as the unit of observation was a key point in the deliberations. The group was sympathetic to the views of those advocating interviewing all members of a household. However, a number of countervailing views emerged. First, the perceived data gap in U.S. statistics entailed a clear interest in knowing how individuals spend their time (in addition to the obvious interest in household decisionmaking). Many of the potential uses of time-use data cited at the BLS-MacArthur conference did not require data to be collected from more than one individual in the household. These potential uses, or estimation objectives, included valuing https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis nonmarket work; providing an alternative measure of hours of work; and measuring time spent in various activities, including commuting, providing child care, time spent in training and education, and leisure time.8 Second, it was unclear why information on individuals’ use of time, combined with ancillary information on household structure, could not be used to inform household bargaining models. For example, consider an activity such as grocery shopping. A time-use survey that interviews one individual per household permits reporting how the percentage of total grocery shopping time is conducted by husbands and wives in marriedcouple families. A time-use survey that includes all family members will provide the same statistic. What is missing from the survey of individuals is the conditional distribution of activities engaged in by a spouse while the other is doing the grocery shopping. Although such a distribution would provide richer behavioral data, no clear and compelling econometric argument was advanced that the gain in information resulting from interviewing every household member would be worth the large loss in sample yield (assuming a fixed budget). For example, if one were to adopt the purist view that inter views with all household members are necessary to inform household bargaining models correctly, the possibility of low response rates from multiple family members (no matter what data collection methodology is used) would call into question the efficacy of such an approach. That is, at what point do missing data on some household members so dilute the quality of data needed to conduct research on household bargaining that it is not worth the expense and effort to obtain such data? Also, it can be argued that bargaining may occur over a longer period, such as a week, and that information about 1 day may not provide as rich a data source as is needed for some analyses. Finally, in surveys that attempt to interview all household members, systematic bias may be introduced in terms of who tends to be a respondent and who tends to be a nonrespondent. In particular, households which allocate their time so that someone is always home with the children will have a higher likelihood of missing an interview with the individual or individuals who are more likely to be away from home. The choice to interview only one individual per household reinforced the decision to use CATI (which was tested early in the pilot study). Substantially lower costs per case with CATI than with personal interviews had already suggested that funding would be more easily obtained if a CATI approach were advanced. One advantage of a personal-visit protocol, were it selected, would probably have been higher response rates from multiple household members than would have been achievable with a c ati protocol. Once CATI was selected, however, Statistics Canada’s report on low response rates that were experienced in attempting to interview a second household member in a c ati environment lent further support to the Bureau’s decision to interview only one individual per household.9 Monthly Labor Review O cto b er 2004 5 Time-Use Survey The Bureau also considered a mail-out, mail-back protocol. While less expensive to administer than c a t i , this protocol was deemed too risky because it might have generated unacceptable response rates and it would have eliminated the use of important probes (to ensure codable data) during the interview. The group also thought that ensuring that the correct respondent reported on the preassigned day (discussed later) would be more con trollable in a c a t i interview than with a mail-back diary or with a dropped-off diary and a field followup. Selecting a stratified probability sample from the CPS was designed to enrich the demographic and economic information available on each individual, to reduce sampling costs, and to minimize respondent burden (because, in ATUS, many pieces of information would be imported rather than collected). The CPS also was compatible with the choice of CATI and was a relatively inexpensive sample frame, with recent phone numbers available for 95 percent of CPS households. Finally, by the end of their time in the CPS, many potential respondents are accustomed to answering interview questions by phone. (The a t u s sample person is the same as the c p s reference person in about 5 9 percent of cases.) The choice of a 24-hour day as the frame of reference stands in contrast to longer (more retrospective) reporting protocols. A number of existing U.S. surveys already include reporting on the use of time over longer periods (such as “How many hours did you work last week?”). The choice in the ATUS was made to be consistent with most international practices on collecting time-use data and to minimize recall bias.10 The initial process. Given its charge, the working group concentrated on the following elements of survey design in preparation for the National Academy workshop: • Primary and secondary estimation objectives of the survey. • Sample size and the sampling plan. • Data elements of the survey instrument. • O perational considerations: system s developm ent, training, field staff, and coding. • Survey output. The report delivered at the workshop can be viewed as a detailed first draft of BLS thinking about many of the elements of what has become the a t u s . After the workshop, the working group began anew on some of these elements, reconfirmed existing positions on others, and filled in gaps that had not been considered. For the purposes of this article, each element of the survey is considered in turn, and the development of the group’s thinking from the National Academy workshop to full production in January 2003 is traced. Exhibit 1 provides a concise summary of each of these elements. The choice of software for each system, the sampling stratification and weighting plan, the 6 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 variance estimation, the imputation and editing programs, and the training and certification procedures for coders and data collectors were not specified in the National Academy workshop, but were developed for production. Discussion at the National Academy workshop. The presentation of the BLS proposal was met with strong overall support, despite serious misgivings by some on the choice of one individual as the sampling unit or the decision to interview each respondent only one time. Several attendees expressed the opinion that estimating the average time spent performing an activity in a week required multiple diaries from individuals, preferably two weekday and two weekend diaries. There was also support for repeating this approach for the same individuals several weeks during a year. In the end, the arguments were viewed as survey methodological preferences rather than absolute statistical requirements. Collecting 1-day diaries still would permit the production of all the desired estimates. The National Academy workshop report endorsed the b l s model, recognizing that the lack of a national time-use survey was an important gap to fill, regardless of disagreements over method ological issues. Fourth phase: preparing for production In December 2000, the survey received official approval and funding. A great deal of foundation work had already been completed, but each area would need to be revisited in more detail and become fully operationalized. Interagency work on the survey began in earnest, and joint BLS-Census Bureau teams were formed to cover management oversight, sampling and weighting, questionnaire design and development, activity coding, and operations. The survey was initially slated for full production in January 2002. A 4-month delay in budget approval that year had already set back the production schedule, and the systems requirements indicated that additional development time would be needed. New systems were required for the a tu s data collection instrument, the activity coding system, and call management at the call center. The starting date was rescheduled to January 2003. Many activities occurred between funding in December 2000 and production in January 2003. The following were three primary ones: • Operations field test, an extensive operations test in the summer o f2001. • Dress rehearsal, a test of the questionnaire and opera tions with live cases in mid-2002. • Prefielding: early fielding of the survey to resolve re maining problems (September-December 2002). During the December 2000-January 2003 period, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Census Bureau continued to receive ■sasngjM American Time Use Survey elements: a comparison of analysis at the National Academy of Sciences conference and changes as of full production Concept A n a ly s is a t N a tio n a l A c a d e m y C h a n g e s a s of full p ro d u c tio n c o n fe re n c e S urvey estim ation o b je c tiv e s (uses) Primary sampling objectives Secondary sampling objectives Draw a sample size large enough to generate quarterly estimates of the proportion of the time spent in oneand two-digit activities for an average week, weekday, and weekend. The scope of the sample was increased to include 1 5-year-olds because poten tial users expressed an interest in timeuse statistics for teens. The CPS sample frame includes persons 15 and older. These estimates would be presented for the entire U.S. population (16 years and older) and for selected demo graphic and labor force groups. In addition, youths (various age cut offs 15 years and under) were included in many other countries’ time-use surveys. Generate annual estimates of the time spent in one-, two-, and three-digit activities for an average week, week day, and weekend. Largely unchanged. The original team listed a series of demographic breaks. Actual publication detail depends on the sample that falls in each demo graphic and activity group cell. Present these estimates for the entire U.S. population and separately for se lected demographic groups. Periodicity Continuous for 14 months (2 months of prefielding, followed by 12 months of collection). Then repeat periodically. Continous indefinitely, with 4 months of prefielding before production. R e fe re n ce p e rio d The day before the interview. Unchanged The designated day Each respondent would be assigned a designated interview day for reporting about the previous day. Unchanged How to handle noncontact on the designated day Call back exactly 1 week later, asking re spondent to recall the previous 24-hour day. Call back again each week for up to 4 weeks. Field period was extended to 8 weeks. This element was studied at length. As discussed subsequently, the possiblity of substituting freely among Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday reference days was carefully examined. Choice of sampling frame Household addresses from M onth-in sample 8 of the Current Population Survey U nchanged Unit of observation Randomly selected individual from each household U nchanged S a m p lin g https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review O cto b er 2004 7 Time-Use Survey Continued— American Time Use Survey elements: a comparison of analysis at the National A cadem y of Sciences conference and changes as of full production A n a ly s is a t N a tio n a l A c a d e m y Concept c o n fe re n c e C h a n g e s a s of full p ro d u c tio n Sample size Sample required to achieve 2,000 com pleted cases per month at 70 percent. Sample for 2003 was unchanged at about 3,270 per month. However, response rates that year averaged around 58 percent, yielding about 1,780 interviews per month.1 Periodicity of sample draw Monthly Unchanged Same as in the original b l s pilot study, modeled after the Statistics Canada approach. Respondents are asked to report activity by activity, in sequence. For each activity reported, respondents are asked whom they were with, how long the activity lasted, and where they were. In cognitive testing, problems occurred with the “Who was with you?” question when people were away from home. Questionnaire: C o re tim e-use questionnaire S e c o n d a ry activities The implicit assumption in the NAS re port was that secondary activities would be collected and coded. The question was changed to “Who was in the room with you?” when the respondent was at home and “Who accompanied you?” when he or she was away from home. Secondary activities are collected only when volunteered and will not be coded, except as needed for research purposes. The exception is childcare: a summary question measures secondary care. BLS is examining secondary activities volunteered by respondents in 2003 interviews and will continue to examine how to better collect these activities. S um m ary questions Ask respondents to identify each record ed activity for which they were paid. Summary questions were significantly expanded. Four types of summary questions were included in production: questions on childcare, paid work, volunteering, and time spent away from home for 2 or more consecutive nights in the previous month. U p d ates to cps questions Update the following c p s variables: household composition, total family in come, labor force status of the respond ent and his or her spouse or unmarried partner, and information on the respond ent’s earnings and school enrollment. Family income is not updated. Respond ent’s labor force status is updated, except for the series on reasons for being out of the labor force. 8 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 Exhibit 1. Continued— American Time Use Survey elements: a comparison of analysis at the National Academ y of Sciences conference and changes as of full production Concept A n a ly s is a t N a tio n a l A c a d e m y C h a n g e s a s of full p ro d u c tio n c o n fe re n c e Information on spouses’ employment status (employed or not) and hours of work also are collected. Respondents are asked about whether they have children under 18 who do not live with them. M o d u les Allocate 5 minutes of the questionnaire to special-topic modules. Do not specify the topics for these modules. Unchanged Activity c o d in g Adopt a variation of the coding system from the time-use survey of the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The ATUS coding lexicon originally strongly resembled that of the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Survey operations Conduct a pretest and 3 months of pre fielding before full production. An extensive operations test was per formed, as were a 2-month dress rehearsal (pretest) and 4 months of prefielding. Target response rate Adopt a 70-percent target response rate. Unchanged Staffing a n d training Ensure that interviewers have experience coding. Required that all interviewers also code. Considered and recommended a dedicated a t u s staff, but did not implement one, due to budget constraints. D ata dissem ination a n d p u b lica tio n plans Initial table shells were developed. Publication tables were developed for specific subject areas (for example, on unpaid work, leisure, and childcare), and a system was built to generate them. Public-use data files are being specified according to formats recommended by Andrew Harvey.2 ‘These numbers reflect data from January through December 2003. A 35-percent sample reduction was implemented in January 2004 to keep survey costs in line with the survey budget. 2Andrew Harvey, "Guidelines for Time Use Data Collection and https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Analysis," in Wendly Pentland and others, ed„ Time Use Research in the Social Sciences (New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, 1999), pp. 19-46. Monthly Labor Review O ctob er 2004 9 Time-Use Survey advice from outside groups, particularly the Federal Economic Statistical Advisory Council and the International Association of Time Use Researchers. Survey estimation objectives. The primary and secondary objectives listed in exhibit 1 remained essentially unchanged, except for the expansion of the scope of the survey to include 15-year-olds. After generating table shells that summarized the time spent in a variety of activities, the working group started focusing on them atic tables that offered m ore detailed information on a variety of subjects, such as providing childcare, traveling, performing paid or unpaid work, volunteering, and participating in leisure activities. The table shells were developed on the basis of research areas brought to the group’s attention in the conferences mentioned in this article, in other countries’ time-use publications, and in meetings with future data users. A processing system was designed and deployed at the Bureau to generate the tables. Periodicity o f the survey. The National Academy report recommendation to draw the sample monthly did not change, but the survey administration plan was developed further. In the report, the working group suggested that the survey run for 14 m onths— 2 months o f prefielding and 12 months of pro duction— and be followed with periodic time-use surveys. Budget process considerations had an impact on the final decision. It would have been very difficult, if not impossible, to secure funding for a time-use survey that would be conducted infrequently, because a continuous funding stream implies a continuous level of survey collection activity. Ultimately, instead of seeking funding for a time-use survey that would be collected, say, every 5 to 10 years, as is typical in most countries, a decision was made to seek funding for a continuous survey with sample building over time to permit more robust estimates and timeseries analysis. There also were discussions about whether the survey should be fielded evenly across the year and within months or whether the sample should be introduced in some months only or should be front loaded at the beginning of selected months. For ease of operation, and to represent all weeks and months equally across the year, a decision was made to introduce each month’s sample evenly across 4 weeks. Each case would be called for up to 8 weeks. (See subsection titled “Survey operations” for a further rationale behind this decision.) Estimates, however, would be based on the date about which respondents were interviewed. (For example, first-quarter estimates represented interviews about January 1 to March 31, regardless of the sample month the cases were introduced.) Reference period. The notion of asking someone to report, activity by activity, about the preceding day was the norm in international time-use data collection. This protocol was taken 10 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 as a given by the working group. Assigning a single designated interview day to each respondent in advance was a favored methodology because it would help control the distribution of interviews across the week. Following the recommendations of previous time-use researchers,11 the working group initially recommended that individuals who could not be contacted on their assigned interview day would be called on the same day of the following week and interviewed about the day before the interview (so that the diary day would always be the same day of the week). There was concern, however, that this one-dayper-week schedule, also known as a designated-day-withpostponement schedule, would result in low response rates. Empirical work was conducted to examine the possibility of allowing some form of substitution. For example, if research showed that people spent time on all weekdays in a similar way, a decision could be made to allow individuals to be called on any weekday, rather than requiring a single day-of-week assignment. A first step in assessing the feasibility of this approach was determining whether time-use profiles on weekdays were similar enough to one another to allow substitution. Research using data from the Environmental Protection Agency Time Diary Study conducted by the University of Maryland in 1992-94 showed that the Monday through Thursday profiles were similar to one another, that Friday’s was only slightly different from those of other weekdays, and that the profiles of the 2 weekend days were different from weekday profiles and different from one another.12 On the basis of these findings, the working group concluded that Monday-through-Friday substitution would be acceptable. However, because Saturday interviews (about Friday) are easier to obtain than other interviews, experiments were conducted with Monday-through-Thursday substitution only. One way to implement day-of-week substitution would be to use a convenient-day schedule — a schedule w hereby respondents are called every day until they are interviewed or until an appointment is scheduled. There was concern, however, that this schedule could result in biased estimates because the probability of a day being selected as the diary day may be correlated with a respondent’s time use. Generally, time-use re searchers recommend using a designated-day over a conven ient-day schedule, but there is very little empirical research to support that recommendation. A middle approach between a designated-day-with-postponement schedule and a conven ient-day schedule is to use an every-other-day schedule, also called designated day with postponement and substitution. To assess the potential bias associated with each of these contact schedules, Jay Stewart used computer simulations on mock time-use data to examine the impact on time-use esti mates.13 He looked especially at the robustness of the various schedules to alternative assumptions about the patterns of activities across the week. The study indicated that the convenient-day schedule introduced system atic bias into estimates of the time spent in various activities. In particular, time spent in activities engaged in at home was underestimated, while time spent in activities engaged in away from home was overestimated. The designated-day-with-postponement-andsubstitution schedule generally did not introduce bias, but it was not as robust as the designated-day-with-postponement (no substitution) schedule. The final decision about assigning designated days was made after the 2001 operations test (described later). In one test group, respondents were assigned to either a Tuesday/Thursday or a Monday/Wednesday group (that is, they could report on either of the two days assigned), doubling the number of eligible days per field period. The operations tests showed that the availability of a second eligible day during the same week increased response rates about 4 percentage points over an 8-week period. However, with the number of contact attempts held constant, there was no difference between the designated-day-withpostponement and designated-day-with-postponement-andsubstitution schedules. After 8 weeks, the designated-day-withpostponement schedule yielded 59 percent, about the same as the 60 percent yielded in 4 weeks with the designated-day-withpostponement-and-substitution schedule and with the same number of contacts. Also, there was more day-of-week variation in responses when substitution was allowed. Because costs are based largely on the number of contact attempts, there was no advantage to allowing day-of-week substitution. Sampling. The early basic framework for the sampling plan was developed and presented in the report to the National Academy workshop. The sample frame was identified as individuals leaving the c p s who had successfully completed their final (month-in-sample 8 ) interview. Using a subset of the c p s sample yielded several benefits, including the following: • A dvance selection o f survey respondents by their demographic characteristics permitted an efficient sample to be drawn (certain demographic characteristics, such as race, did not require screening); • Familiarity with the construction of the sample permitted the removal of some design features, to maximize ATUS sample efficiency. Using unweighted cps sample counts from month-in-sample 8 files and time-use distributions reported by F. Thomas Juster and Frank T. Stafford14 to develop parameters for estimating standard errors, Edwin Robison estimated the minimum sample size required to generate reliable estimates for the major subpopulations to be 12,000 per year.15 Robison assumed that this sample size would produce 9,000 completed interviews. He also estim ated that an additional 12,000 samples (9,000 interviews) would be required to produce estimates for smaller https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis subpopulations specified in the survey’s secondary objectives. In general, Robison estimated that 1,000 sample cases (750 interviews) in any particular cell would be needed to produce reliable estimates. To be conservative, the BLS-National Academy report recommended a slightly higher target for the sample: 21,000 completed interviews per year.16 On the basis of the experience of Statistics Canada, which achieved an 88-percent response rate,17 the Bureau set a conservative 70-percent target response rate. These sample size recommendations were used in con junction with estimated Census production costs and b l s staff and research costs to estimate survey budget requirements.18 After funding was approved in late 2000, an interagency statistics team was formed to refine and finalize the sampling plan. Because the c p s was a household sample, the a t u s sample was stratified by means of household variables and was based on ensuring that reliable estimates could be made for minorities, labor force status groups (employed and not employed), and people with and without children. Labor market status and the presence of children are usually highly correlated with time use. The following stratification variables were chosen: • Race and Hispanic origin of CPS householder (Hispanic; non-Hispanic, black; non-Hispanic, nonblack). • Presence and age of children (under 6 years; 6 to 17 years). • For households with no children, number of adults in the household (1; more than 1) Sampling rates for each stratum differ in order to produce the desired sample size for various subgroups of the population and overall. The detailed reexamination of the sampling plan following the National Academy workshop led to the ultimate recommendation that the Bureau collect 2,000 completed interviews per month, or 24,000 completed interviews per year. The questionnaire. The ATUS team members considered a number of issues in designing the a t u s questionnaire. 1. Core time-use questions. Many survey efforts require the development of a new survey instrument, a step that typically occurs early in the survey planning process. The time-use group had a draft partial questionnaire that had been developed from the 1997 pilot survey on the basis of some earlier surveys, particularly the Statistics Canada instrument. a t u s questionnaire specifications were due to the Census Bureau shortly after the survey was funded, because software specifications, instrum ent programming, control systems development, and testing would take a long time to complete. The production plan included a summer 2002 dress rehearsal that required survey instruments to be ready well before full production. A draft questionnaire was submitted quickly, but work to refine the 2003 a t u s questionnaire continued until production began. The questionnaire needed to be refined for Monthly Labor Review O ctob er 2004 11 Time-Use Survey several reasons: (1) the Census Bureau does not field untested questions; (2) the Bureau of Labor Statistics was committed to ensuring that questions were capturing the intended infor mation; (3) results from tests and from the dress rehearsal led to many rewrites and retests of some questions; and (4) results from coding tests indicated that additional questions were needed to clarify some activities for coding (discussed later). 2. The time-use diary. The design of the time-use diary was fairly straightforward, because many paper diaries had been fielded in other countries and most used a grid with daily activities in rows and with associated information— who was with the respondent, where the respondent was, and how long the activity lasted— in columns. The Census Bureau software standard was Blaise, a package created by Statistics Nether lands. Blaise easily accommodated a grid structure, and the diary was programmed accordingly.19 3. Secondary activities. The enhanced version of the 1997 pilot questionnaire asked respondents not only what they were doing at a certain time, but also whether they were doing any thing else at the same time. The pilot study showed that this version picked up more nonmarket work than the standard version, which did not directly address secondary activities. At the time of the National Academy workshop, the Bureau recommended that a question about secondary activity be included in the survey, although there still was concern about the burdensom e nature of asking this question after each recorded activity. Cognitive interviews indicated that many respondents wanted their secondary activities included in any measure of how they spent their time. However, many had difficulty specifying durations for these activities. In addition, it was not clear how to program the diary software to accept this additional information, and modifications to time computations in the software were extremely prone to errors. For the first year of production, it was decided that secondary activities would be collected (but not coded) only when respondents offered them. (The duration of an activity is collected for primary activities, but only the activity report is collected for secondary activities). Research on collecting data on simultaneous activities also was placed at the top of the research agenda during the first year of full production of the a t u s . 4. Work summary questions. Midway through the field period of the 1997 pilot test, researchers realized that the information that would be collected in the diary was insufficient for identi fying and coding informal activities performed for income, such as making crafts for sale or babysitting. To supplement the existing information, a summary question— that is, a question that asked respondents to review in their minds the list of activ ities reported in the diary and identify one or more characteristics about each activity— was designed. The question asked re- 12 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 spondents to identify each recorded activity for which they were “paid or expect[ed] to be paid.” The additional information was used for coding. The pilot survey findings indicated that the question successfully identified incom e-generating events; the inclusion of a similar probe for coding purposes was thereupon recommended. The questionnaire design team adopted this recommendation and considered additional questions as well, to better identify other types of work activities reported in the diary. The pilot survey question captured informal, income-generating activities, but did not clarify some activities that were done for one’s job, but were not reported as “w ork,” such as doing business paperwork or using the computer for work. In some cases, probes could be used during the interview to clarify activities. For example, interviewers were instructed to probe any reports of using the computer, asking “Was that done for work, school, or personal interest?” Still, customized probes could not be developed for all contingencies. Lisa Schwartz designed a second phase of paid-work tests to determine whether the a t u s could clearly identify work-related activities, particularly of individuals who worked in nonstandard work environments or had nonstandard work hours, because they were more likely to report work in vague terms.20 The test included cognitive interviews and debriefings with salaried workers, self-employed persons, multiple jobholders, and freelancers. From the results of this testing, a second question was developed and administered right after the diary and before the question about income-generating activities: “You said that you were working from [insert start time(s) of work episode(s) reported] to [end time(s)]. Were there any other activities that were done as part of your job (or business)?” This question was followed by “Which ones?” asked twice to multiple jo b holders— once each for the main job and for any other job(s). After many debates about what constituted “work” and what activities might be “related to work,” but not actually work, coding rules were developed to direct how “yes” answers to the second question would be coded. Some activities would be coded as “work-related activities”; these included socializing, eating or drinking, and recreational activities (for example, taking a client to play golf) identified by respondents as done for their job or business. Others (for instance, grading papers) would be coded as work, because they were part of the respondent’s job, but were simply not reported as “work” in the activity descrip tion. Finally, some activities, such as smoking and sleeping, would be restricted from being coded as work. 5. Summary questions on childcare. Several rounds of testing were required in order to develop summary questions that would enable the Bureau to accurately measure the time respondents spent with children in their care. The 24-hour diary successfully captured “active childcare” activities, such as feeding or bathing children, but the “Who was in the room with you?” question did not sufficiently identify secondary childcare. For example, a respondent may have been alone in the kitchen, but also responsible for the care of children elsewhere in the home or yard. Conversely, a respondent may have had a child in the room, but not have been responsible for the child at that time. Statistics Canada had used a summary-question approach to identify activities during which respondents had provided secondary care to children. The a t u s questionnaire design team used that question as a starting point and expanded it to a series of questions to measure secondary care provided to one’s household children, to one’s own children residing elsewhere, and to others’ children. The team spent a great deal of time determining the appro priate concept to measure, eventually agreeing that secondary care of children was characterized by the respondent’s being in the general vicinity of at least one child under 13 and specifically near enough to that child to provide assistance if necessary. To determine wording that would elicit responses in line with this definition of secondary care, b l s cognitive researchers con ducted two focus groups.21 Participants were shown video clips of people providing this secondary care and were asked to describe it. From choices of terms presented to them, the group preferred “taking care of “and “looking after” one’s children. They also offered a new term: “having children in your care." The design team thought that “taking care o f ’ denoted more of a primary-care concept, and the diary had done a good job of capturing primary childcare activities (such as bathing or feeding children). The other two terms were tested in cognitive inter viewing and the “in your care” wording was ultimately chosen.22 6. Summary questions regarding absences from home. Some concerns also had arisen about a systematic bias that would occur in the survey: because respondents were asked about “yesterday,” activities done during absences from home of 2 or more days would not be collected. Debates initially focused on how the Bureau might be able to get this information, such as by asking a subset or a new set of respondents to take a paper diary on a trip and record activities or by asking respondents in the telephone survey about activities engaged in during recent trips. However, carrying out a separate protocol to get these data would have been costly, and asking about detailed activities on recent trips would likely present recall problems. Eventually, the questionnaire design team settled on obtain ing enough useful information to begin to understand the extent of the bias: information on how many trips people had taken and the primary purpose of those trips. Questions were written to elicit this information, and interviews were conducted with a group of research subjects for whom business travel records were available. This approach enabled the researchers to evaluate the accuracy of reports about trips. Research showed that accuracy declined as the recall period increased and as the number of trips taken increased. Respondents had little or no https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis difficulty assigning primary purposes to their travel.23 On the basis of the results of these tests, the Bureau decided to ask respondents only to report on trips taken during the month prior to their first eligible designated day. Accordingly, the following questions were added to the survey: Now I ’d like to ask a few, very general, questions about times when you may have been away from home for business, vacation, or other sorts of trips. How many times were you away from home in the month of [month prior to first designated day]? Only report times when you were away from home for 2 nights or more. Let’s start with the most recent trip you took in “month” (e.g., October). What was the purpose of that trip?...How many nights were you [insert purpose]?24 7. Volunteering. During dress rehearsal and prefielding, Census Bureau coders reported difficulty in distinguishing between certain care and socializing activities, on the one hand, and volunteering activities, on the other. To clarify the distinc tions involved, it became evident that a summary question on volunteering was required. Not long before, the Census Bureau had examined how to measure volunteering in a CPS supplement and had defined volunteering as unpaid work (except for expenses) done “for or through an organization.” The CPS question on volunteering was adapted for the ATUS, with the reference period modified from the previous year to “yesterday”: “Now I ’d like to ask you a few questions about volunteer activities— that is, activities for which people are not paid, except perhaps [for] expenses. We only want you to include volunteer activities that you did for or through an organization. Yesterday, did you do any volunteer activities for or through an orga nization? Which [activities]?” 8. CPS u p d a t e s . One of the most valuable advantages to using the CPS as the a t u s sampling frame is the wealth of information that is already known about respondents when they are selected for the survey. However, some pieces of information relevant to time-use analyses, such as a person’s employment status, can change between the last CPS interview and the timeuse interview. Accordingly, prior to the National Academy workshop, the questionnaire team discussed which elements of the CPS interview should be updated and examined whether other pieces of information should be collected during the timeuse interview that would not be captured either by the basic time-use questionnaire or the update to the CPS elements. Respondent burden was considered in addressing these questions. The team ultimately recommended that the survey should update the following CPS variables: household composition, total family income, labor force status of the respondent and Monthly Labor Review O ctob er 2004 13 Time-Use Survey his or her spouse or unmarried partner, and earnings and school enrollment information about the respondent. After funding of the ATUS, the CPS questionnaire and skip patterns were examined in detail in order to understand the impact of these decisions on software development. All the questions and skips included in the ATUS would need to be reprogrammed for its data collection instrument, which was written in a language different from that of the CPS instrument, a t u s team members from the Census Bureau requested that unnecessary sections be excluded to reduce the programming burden. The team decided not to update the family income variable, because it is only a set of ranges and a decision had already been made to update the respondent’s earmngs. Questions on job search methods of the unemployed were retained, but the branch of the labor force status questions that distinguished reasons for being out of the labor force was not. A new question that would be asked in the ATUS would elicit information on the age and sex of all of the respondent’s own children (under 18 years) who did not live with him or her. 9. Modules. Modules consisting of a series of questions on a specialized topic added at the end of the questionnaire hold the promise of allowing researchers to explore more fully social and economic issues related to time use. Modules also can be used to address data limitations resulting from some of the decisions made by the a t u s team members and described herein. For example, modules can be used to measure family allocation of time, asking the respondent questions about the time use of household members. In the National Academy report, the Bureau advocated the inclusion o f 5-m inute m odules within the framework of an estimated 30-minute total interview. To avoid introducing added complexity during the first, stabilizing year of the survey, it was agreed that no modules would be implemented before January 2004 (1 year into production). BLS thinking on ATUS modules remains basically unchanged since the National Academy workshop. Criteria for acceptable modules have been specified in a policy and include the following: only the designated person may be surveyed; the subject area must have some relevance to time use; and the module must run for at least 6 months.25 Coding. The ultimate value of time-use data depends on the breadth, depth, and consistency of the activity classification system. Each activity is assigned a three-tiered activity code, using a detailed classification system and accompanying rules. In describing the working group’s early recommendations regarding activity codes, Linda Stinson noted that most of the existing activity classification systems evolved from the original structure developed by Alexander Szalai for the Multinational Time-Use Project of the 1960s.26The time-use group decided to select an existing classification system as a base in order to benefit from previous tests and code revisions, thereby saving time and money. The working group initially examined the 14 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 Eurostat classification system, which had been used by 18 countries at that time; the Australian system, which had modified some categories with the measurement of “unpaid work” in mind; and the United Nations’ System, which had a basic framework compatible with the U.N. System of National Accounts. The National Academy report recommended a slightly modified version of the Australian system, which was quite detailed and best reflected the type of economy and activities engaged in in the United States. After funding of the ATUS, an interagency coding team customized the system further, to include activities unique to the United States, to remove some unique to Australia, and to ensure that the activities mentioned were consistent with a fourfold typology of time developed by Dagfinn As.27 This lexicon was then submitted to members of the International Association of Time Use Researchers and to a team of b l s cognitive psychologists for review. During the review proc ess, many took issue with the new fourfold typology that grouped activities into “necessary,” “com m itted,” “con tracted,” and “free.” Most thought that the overall framework was appealing, but they noted numerous exceptions that could be made to the rules. As a result, the use of these rules as a guiding principle was dropped. However, categories were still maintained in a way that users easily can combine them to represent the four concepts involved. The coding team found that international comparability across systems was not as simple as had been expected. Even such seemingly straightforward activities as eating were coded differently in different countries. For example, some countries coded eating in restaurants as socializing (and therefore occupying “free” time), while others coded such eating as just that—eating (occupying “necessary” time). Andrew Harvey, president of the International A ssociation of Time Use Researchers, confirmed that international comparability at detailed levels did not exist. Still, two systems that harmonize time-use data at aggregate levels across countries have been developed, and those working on the a t u s are collaborating with the designers to be sure that U.S. data are included.28 The removal of the comparability constraint freed up the coding team to change its focus from revisions of the lexicon to usability by the coder (ability to locate the right code) and enhancement of the analytical value of the survey. Toward the last of these ends, the proposed three-tiered, three-digit system, which allowed 9 categories within each tier, was replaced with a three-tiered, six-digit system that allowed up to 99 categories in each tier. This system is more flexible than a three-digit system, because it can accommodate the introduction of new codes. To implement recommendations from the team of research psychologists, the a t u s team conducted several usability tests of the coding system with Census Bureau coders. Ultimately, three separate coding tests were conducted at the Census Bureau, each one introducing a revised lexicon and more extensive training than the first, and the last test introducing coding software.29 These tests were highly productive and led to both small and large changes in the classification system, including the following: • Removal of the “activities related to goods and serv ices” category present in many time-use classification systems. Coders did not associate this title with the elements it included, such as grocery shopping and purchasing medical services. The category eventually expanded into four largely purchasing categories, such as “consumer purchases” and “professional services.” • Removal of the “m edia use” category, because many did not think o f television, radio, and other m edia together in one category. Separate categories were developed for each type of media use. • Removing and revising ambiguous examples under various categories. • Agreeing on the best location or conceptual definition for questions on many difficult-to-code activities, such as “looking for things” and “waiting for [something or som eone].” In the fall of 2001, the Bureau worked with Westat, a private research firm, to conduct an additional, larger scale test designed to measure coding accuracy and efficiency over time (returns to experience) and to evaluate b l s training in coding. The test involved nine coders with a wide range of experience coding other survey data. The test showed that coding speed increased rapidly with experience, and coding accuracy increased as well, though not as quickly. Westat made a number of recom mendations to improve the classification system, the coding software, and the training. Most were adopted.30 The coding tests, as well as work at the Bureau to specify coding rules and analytical tables, routinely pointed out difficultto-code activities. Some of the most difficult categories were travel, waiting, packing and unpacking things, work-related activities, helping others, and computer use. After the tests, much work was done during 2002 to address these issues; among aspects of the coding system that were revised were coding categories, coding subcategories, and, particularly, rules and job aids for training. A review of the proposed system, including how it compared with several other countries’ systems,31 led to a number of important changes in the classification system. As mentioned earlier, difficulties distinguishing between care, socializing, and volunteering made it clear that a summary question on volunteering needed to be added to the a t u s . Systems were specified and developed to run coding operations, including verification and adjudication processes that required a second coder to assign a code to each activity and an ad judicator to rule on the correct code. Feedback from the dress rehearsal and prefielding activities also was used to modify the https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis system, right up to production. Ultimately, a system with the following 17 top-tier categories was developed: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Personal care Household activities Caring for and helping household members Caring for and helping non-household members Work and work-related activities Education Consumer purchases Purchasing professional and personal care services Purchasing household services Obtaining government services and civic obligations Eating and drinking Socializing, relaxing, and leisure Sports, exercise, and recreation Religious and spiritual activities Volunteer activities Telephone calls Traveling Survey operations. A few specifics of the survey operations were discussed in the developm ent o f the sam pling ob jectives and were suggested in the National Academy report. Telephone interviewing was a starting assumption. A sub sequent recommendation was made to use a designated-day methodology with 4 weeks of callbacks, doubling the length of the 1997 pilot study reference period. The various recom mendations provided a beginning set of operational assump tions, but a great deal of work remained. A BLS-Census field-test team was chartered to recommend detailed a tu s operations. The team was particularly concerned about how to fulfill the difficult and unprecedented requirement that the Census Bureau contact a specific household member on a predesignated day. While the 1997 pilot study provided guidance on extending the calling period, it was not clear how many calls should be made over how many weeks to achieve the 70-percent response rate target and how different mail-out or day-of-week substitution techniques might affect the survey results. Using 3,200 cases from the outgoing rotation groups of the CPS, the field-test team designed three experiments that were run concurrently by the Census Bureau in April through June of 2001. The 1997 pilot results indicated that efforts would need to be made to increase both contact rates (reaching the designated person) and response rates (gaining cooperation). Thus, the studies focused on maximizing these two objectives, rather than on collecting codable activity data. A paper questionnaire was developed that included both a short diary (from 4 a . m . to noon) administered by phone and debriefing questions designed to provide insight into contact- and response-related issues.32 The effects of the following methods on contact, response, and costs were studied: Monthly Labor Review O ctob er 2004 15 Time-Use Survey • Priority mail. All respondents received an advance letter and brochure from the Census Bureau. Some received the materials by priority mail, while others received them by regular mail. • Substitution : Some respondents had the option of substituting between 2 eligible days per week (either M onday/W ednesday or Tuesday/T hursday), while others were eligible to report on a specific weekday only. • Proactive appointment setting: Some respondents were called in advance of their interview day and were asked to set an appointment. Others were called only on their interview day. • Field visits as opposed to calling: Some respondents were called for up to 8 weeks; others were called for up to 4 weeks and then were visited for up to 4 more. • Incentives: Respondents were divided into three incentive groups— those who received no incentive, those who received a debit card for $20, and those who received a debit card for $40. Those who received debit cards were given the PIN number if they completed the survey. Two tests covered all of the variables just listed and were carried out with the 95 percent of the sample for whom the Census Bureau had telephone numbers. An additional study was developed for the 5 percent of the sample for whom the Census Bureau had no phone number. (Most had responded to the c p s in personal-visit interviews.) This group received a $60 debit card, and their letter asked them to call the toll-free number of the Census Bureau to respond. They had up to 4 weeks to call in and complete an interview; those who had not done so were visited on their designated interview days for up to 4 more weeks in an attempt to secure an interview. Response rates varied a great deal across the treatment groups. The highest were achieved with larger incentives and with field visits, both expensive operations. Incentives also sped response; for example, a 70-percent response rate was achieved in only 2 weeks with a $40 debit card; with no incentive, a 69percent response rate was reached after 8 weeks. To analyze the data and make operational choices, contact rates, response rates, and costs were examined for each methodology. The following operational choices were made: • Priority mail would be used. Priority mail appeared to be highly effective in reaching respondents, and the costs were relatively small. • Field visits would not be made. Field visits increased response by about 4 percentage points, compared with a full-CATI operation. However, they were prohibitively expensive and would require training interviewers across the country rather than in one location. • Proactive appointment setting would not be used. Calling in advance to set an appointment did not increase re sponse. It did, however, increase costs. 16 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 • Incentives would be used only for households whose telephone numbers the Census Bureau lacked. When costs came in, it was clear that the Bureau would not be able to afford incentives for each case. The shorter field period required to get to 70 percent did not reduce costs enough to offset the cost for incentives, even with a reduced face value. As a result, an 8-week field period and a no-incentive protocol were chosen for households for which the Census Bureau had a recent phone number. Incentives were chosen for households for which the Census Bureau lacked such a number. A $60 incentive induced 41 percent to complete the survey. Because this group included underrepresented demographic groups, and because survey advisors (including the Federal Economic Statistical Advisory Council) felt strongly that those groups should be included in the sample, a $40 incentive was implemented for full production.33 • Substitution would not be used. It was som ew hat surprising that the availability of a second eligible day during the week increased response rates by only about 4 percentage points over an 8-week period. Substitution was not implemented because it did not reduce costs and it increased the variability of responses across days of the week. Staffing and training. The N ational A cadem y report suggested that it would be desirable for interviewers to have experience with the coding system. As preparation for full production continued, the necessity of this approach was confirmed. It became clear that the number of probes that were needed in the interview to allow correct coding of activities expanded significantly with the development of the coding lexicon. To collect high-quality time-use data, an interviewer must listen to subtle cues from the respondent and remember to probe when necessary to obtain enough detail to code activities. In most surveys, interviewers read questions verbatim. In the diary portion of the a t u s , they m ust instead conduct a “con versational interview,” taking in information as it is provided by the respondent and probing when necessary. There was concern that it might be difficult to find people who were inclined to do both tasks. This hypothesis was tested for the first time in the dress rehearsal; debriefings with Census Bureau interviewers indicated that they thought that activity coding experience not only was important and enjoyable, but was critical to conducting good time-use interviews. For similar reasons, the BLS-Census Bureau oversight team also thought that the a t u s should have a dedicated staff. However, the prohibitive cost of maintaining a dedicated staff necessitated allowing interviewers to work on other surveys as well as the a t u s . In production, interviewers are required to code, and extensive training and certification is mandatory for everyone working on the survey. The difficulty of the interview and of coding influenced approaches to training. Dress rehearsal and prefielding ex periences indicated that training in the rules of coding should be provided prior to training in interviewing techniques. The Bureau contracted with a vendor to develop a training package that the call center staff could deliver easily without assistance from headquarters. The developer included an extensive audio feature in the computer-based training, given that the c ati interview required skills in listening and immediate, customized probing. Data dissemination and publication plans. To develop its initial table specifications, the working group examined publications based on other time-use surveys, as well as b l s reports that used c p s demographic and labor force data. Work on tables has continued since then. Meetings with advisory groups and with outside users provided information on the types of analyses planned. Tables were developed by subject area groupings, including childcare, unpaid work, travel, and leisure. The Bureau published a subset of these tables in September 2004, through a news release. The data are available to users online at the b l s website.34Data were presented through several concepts, including time spent doing an activity and the proportion of the population that engaged in a particular activity on an average day. Most tables included tabulations by demo graphic characteristics or labor force status. Many time-use users will be interested in microdata files. The data file formats are still in development, but most likely will adhere to recommendations by Andrew Harvey that call for the following three types of files:35 • Episode file. Contains episode-level information for each activity (such as the activity code, who was present when the respondent engaged in the activity, and where the activity occurred.) • Respondent summaryfile. Contains summary information on each respondent (such as age, sex, and cumulative time spent in various activities at various locations). • Time-points file. Contains the activity codes for activities performed at prespecified intervals during the day (for example, at 5 p . m ., the respondent was eating; and at 5:15 p . m ., the respondent was doing the dishes.) The response rate for households for which the Census Bureau has a telephone number was 58 percent, while the rate for households for which the Census Bureau has no telephone number was 33 percent. (These households called in to complete the interview.) A number of parallel efforts, including the establishment of a response rate investigation team at the Census Bureau, were put in place to investigate the cause of the low response rates. The team examined calling and response p attern s by in terview er, tim e of day, and resp o n d en t characteristics to influence targeted methods for improving response. In January 2004, a response analysis survey was conducted with about 50 respondents and 40 nonrespondents to determine their reasons for participating in the a t u s or declining to participate in the survey. The study also solicited suggestions for improving the survey materials, the interview, or the contact protocol. In addition, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is conducting an examination into whether, and to what degree, nonresponse bias exists in a t u s estimates. Secondary activities. Proposals were solicited from outside vendors as to how to identify the best way to measure secondary activities. Among the proposals were tests that required substantial software changes if the results were successful. For example, new time computation fields would need to be added to the a t u s diary for the duration of the secondary activities, and new screens would need to be added for cases in which the respondent could not determine the length of the activity, but could provide a range for its duration. Before embarking on this extensive research into collecting information on all secondary activities, the Bureau decided to examine the reports of volun teered secondary activities to determine whether a more targeted approach to measure some secondary activities might be more effective than an approach that would seek to measure all secondary activities. This research will begin in 2005. Reduction in the sample size. A number of important changes were made to the a t u s after several months of production and continued research. Once the survey was in full production, actual costs could be measured. They showed that the cost of maintaining the initial sample size (about 3,375 cases per month) exceeded the a t u s budget. In the first year, savings from development years paid the full survey costs. However, in order to bring costs in line with the annual survey budget for future years, the monthly sample had to be reduced by about 35 percent, to 2,200 cases per month. The Census Bureau computed variances under several sample reduction strategies. The Bureau of Labor Statistics implemented an evenly distributed reduction across all stratification groups, rather than a reduction in targeted groups only, because the first approach minimized increases in variances for overall time-use estimates. The reduction was implemented in January 2004. Response rates. T h is The current plan is to produce SAS and ASCII microdata files for distribution through the b l s website. Update since January 2003 Response rates for cases in the panels for 2003 came in substantially below the 70-percent targeted rate. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis o f the American Time Use Survey from its inception in 1991 as an a r t ic le h a s t r a c e d t h e d e v e l o p m e n t Monthly Labor Review O ctob er 2004 17 Time-Use Survey issue o f statistical policy interest to its implementation in January 2003 as a new monthly survey sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Along the way were healthy debates over the choice of one individual per household as the survey re spondent, the cognitive research that led to the inclusion of various summary questions, the transition to full production, and a description of the future work that remains. The development of the a tu s represents a coalescence of work that includes academ ic inquiry and debate, survey m ethodological design, operational testing, production management, and a strong and growing consensus among government agencies as to the need for the kinds of data the survey captures. M any individuals were involved in this process. Some contributed through advisement at the Mac- Arthur or National Academy conferences or at the Federal Economic Statistical Advisory Council meeting or other advisory meetings, through contractual relationships, or through projects and conferences sponsored by the International Association of Time Use Researchers. Others worked at the Bureau of Labor Statistics or the Census Bureau designing and running tests, securing funding for the project, building and testing software, providing training, conducting interviews, and coding activities. Former b l s Commissioner Katharine Abraham, under whose leadership much of the early work and the securing of funding were completed, was critical to the endeavor, as was current b l s Commissioner Kathleen Utgoff, who continued to support the project. Finally, the ongoing interest and support of the National Academy played a key role as well. □ Notes 1 Michael Horrigan, Maury Gittleman, Mary Joyce, and others, The M easurem ent and Valuation o f U npaid Work, Report o f the bls Working Group (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1993). 2 Platform fo r Action, Report from the Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing, United Nations, 1995). 3 Linda Stinson, Angie Becher, Barbara Forsyth, and Kerry Levin, Using a time-use approach to measure the frequency and duration o f non-m arket work, bls internal report (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1998). 4 Agenda fo r the Conference on Time Use, Non-market Work, and Family Well-Being (Washington, dc, Bureau of Labor Statistics and the MacArthur Network on the Family and the Economy, 1997). 5 W illiam Nordhaus, remarks made in “Session VI: Time-Use Surveys: Where Should the bls Go from Here?” in Lynn Hatch, ed„ Sum m ary o f the C onference on Time Use, N on-m arket Work, and Family Well-Being (Washington, dc, Bureau of Labor Statistics and the MacArthur Network on the Family and the Economy, 1997). 6 Numerous other important lines of inquiry were explored at the conference in addition to the two reported here, although those two themes figured prominently in the group’s thinking in the next phase o f the m ethodological development o f the survey. Other notable points for discussion included a comparison o f alternative coding systems and research on reporting both activities and one’s emotional state at multiple times during the day. 7 Bureau of Labor Statistics Time-Use Survey Working Group, A R eport on the F easibility o f Conducting a Time-use Survey, paper presented at the National Academy of Sciences workshop on TimeUse Measurement and Research, Washington, DC, 1998. x See the following Monthly Labor Review articles: Mary Joyce and Jay Stewart, “What can we learn from time-use data?” August 1999, pp. 3-6; Anne E. Winkler, “Measuring time use in households with more than one person,” February 2002, pp. 45-52; and Lisa K. Schwartz, Diane Herz, and Harley Frazis, “Measuring intrahousehold allocation of time: response to Anne E. Winkler,” February 2002 dd 5 3 -5 9 . 9 Statistics Canada’s report was presented at the National Academy’s workshop. (See Loma Bailie, “Remarks made in ‘Session VI: Time-Use Surveys: Where should the bls go from here?” in Hatch (ed.), Summary o f the Conference.) 10 Linda Stinson, Measuring How People Spend Their Time, paper presented at the American Statistical Association meetings, Washington, dc, August 1999. 18 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 11 Brian L. K insley and Terry O ’D onnell, “Marking Time: Methodology Report of the Canadian Time Use Pilot Study— 1981,” in Explorations in Time Use, vol. 1 (Ottawa, Department of Com munications, Employment and Immigration, 1983); Graham Kalton, “Sample Design Issues in Time Diary Studies,” in F. Thomas Juster and Frank T. Stafford, eds., Time, Goods, and Well-Being (Ann Arbor, m i , University of Michigan, Institute of Social Research, 1985), pp. 333-51; Ingrid Lyberg, “Sampling, Nonresponse, and Measurement Issues in the 1984—85 Swedish Time Budget Survey,” in Proceedings o f the Fifth Annual Research Conference (Bureau of the Census, 1989), pp. 210-38; and Andrew Harvey, “Guidelines for Time Use Data Collection and Analysis,” in Wendy Pentland and others, eds., Time Use Research in the Social Sciences (New York, Kluwer Academic/ Plenum, 1999), pp. 19-46. 12 Jay Stewart, “Alternative Indexes for Comparing Activity Profiles,” paper presented at the 2000 conference of the International Association for Time Use Research, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2000. 13 Ibid. 14 Juster and Stafford, eds., Time, Goods, and Well-Being. Edwin Robison, Sampling and Reporting in Time-Use Surveys, paper presented at the American Statistical Association meetings, Washington, dc, August 1999. 16 Bureau of Labor Statistics Time-Use Survey Working Group, A Report on the Feasibility. 17 Statistics Canada’s time-use surveys were conducted as add-ons to that nation’s General Social Survey in 1992 and 1998 and were not independently fielded. 18 Robison, Sampling and Reporting. 19 The questionnaire design team deliberated the order o f the questions for some time, cps updates that were essential to the administration of the diary were placed before the diary questions began. Other cps updates were placed after the diary and summary questions, because they were deemed less important to collect than the diary information. The most sensitive questions— on earnings— were placed at the end of the questionnaire in case they triggered a refusal to answer. 20 Lisa K. Schwartz, “The American Time Use Survey: cognitive pretesting,” Monthly Labor Review, February 2002, pp. 34—44. 21 Linda Stinson, R eport on C ognitive Testing P hase 1: The American Time Use Survey Summary Questions, bls internal report 2000 . 22 Lisa Schwartz, “Minding the Children: Understanding How Recall and Conceptual Interpretations Influence Responses to a Time-Use Summary Question,” unpublished internal paper, bls Working Paper Series (Bureau o f Labor Statistics, 2001). At the same time that the first round of questions was asked about childcare, a set of cognitive interviews was conducted with caregivers in an attempt to determine ways to measure time spent providing dependent adult care activities as a secondary activity. (See Stinson, R eport on Cognitive Testing Phase /.) The wording of the question adopted was similar to that used in the childcare interviews: In addition to the activities you just told me about, we are interested in finding out about the time you spent looking after adults and children 13 and older who cannot take care of themselves because of a physical or psy chological problem. Yesterday, did you spend any time looking after anyone living in the household 13 or older who cannot or should not be left alone because o f a physical or psychological problem? Please tell me when you were looking after [name]. Testing indicated that the question had numerous problems. Chief among them was the recognition that the terms “care,” “adults,” and “disabilities” were unclear to, and interpreted differently by, respondents. In addition, some respondents did not like the “should not be left alone” language for adults, because many adults needed care, but could also be left alone. Some found “looking after” pejorative. The alternative terms “keeping tabs on” and “monitoring” were also rejected, the former possibly implying that the adults were wrong or untrustworthy, the latter having too clinical a tone. R ecognizing the com plexity o f defining questions to measure disability— a multiyear process is taking place at the Bureau to develop a series of questions to do just that— a decision was made to defer the development of questions to measure care of disabled adults to a later date. The current focus has shifted to measuring care of adults as a primary activity and to developing a series of questions to identify overall time spent providing “eldercare,” a more restrictive concept. 23 Schwartz, “The American Time Use Survey.” 24 Because o f programming difficulties, these data will not be available until 2005. 25 “atus Module Policy,” bls internal document. 26 Alexander Szalai, The Use o f Time: Daily Activities in Urban and https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Suburban P opulations in Twelve C ountries (The Hague, Mouton, 1972); cited in Stinson, Measuring How People Spend Their Time. 27 Bureau of Labor Statistics Time-Use Survey Working Group, A Report on the Feasibility. Dagfinn As (1920-77) was a leading timeuse researcher who was one of the planners of a multinational timeuse budget study conducted in the 1960s. He was Norwegian. 28 The Multinational Time Use Study was launched in the 1980s by Professor Jonathan Gershuny of the University of Essex in the United Kingdom. The idea was to create a cross-national and historical archive of time-use data sets. All the data sets in the archive have been har monized into a common set of variables, including time-use activities and various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of respondents. The harmonized file currently contains 35 different surveys from more than 20 countries, as well as 41 time-use activity codes. The development of these common activity codes was itself constrained by the richness (or sparseness) of activity codes in the original surveys. In recent years, on the basis of some 20 surveys having been carried out since 1999, an alternative harmonized time-use activity schema has been developed as part o f the Harmonised European Time Use Study. (Visit http://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/mtus/index.php on the Internet.) 29 Kristina Shelley, “Activity Coding in the American Time Use Survey: A Report of 3 Tests,” bls working paper, 2004. 30 Final Report: Research Services fo r Usability Testing and Lexicon Evaluation: The American Time Use Survey (Rockville, m d , Westat, 2001 ). 31 Anne Gauthier, bls 2003 Codes o f Activities: Comparisons over Time and across Nations, draft report, 2002. 32 Detailed test designs are described in Karen Piskurich, Dawn Nelson, and Diane Herz, “Maximizing Respondent Contact in the American Time Use Survey,” in Proceedings o f the 2001 American Association o f Public Opinion Research Conference (2001). 33 The $40 amount was chosen because respondents indicated in the debriefing section of the test that $20 was too low and $50 was too high. 34 www.bls.gov/tus. 35 Harvey, “Guidelines for Time Use.” Monthly Labor Review O ctob er 2004 19 Multiple Fatalities Work-related multiple-fatality incidents Multiple-fatality work-related incidents claim the lives of 1 out of 10 fatally injured workers and include some of the worst occupational catastrophes: air crashes, bombings, fires, and explosions; using multiyear data, the Bureau o f Labor Statistics takes a fir st-time-ever look at this infrequently occurring phenomenon Dino Drudi and Mark Zak Dino Drudi and Mark Zak are economists in the Office of Safety, Health, and Working Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics. E-mail: drudi.dino@bls.gov or zak.mark@bls.gov 20 ine out of every 10 fatally injured workers die in an incident in which they are the only decedent. In these instances, there is one fatal incident and one fatality associated with it. But for the remaining 10 percent of worker fatalities, the fatal incident claimed the lives of more than one worker. These incidents are of particular interest to safety professionals and hazard researchers because the prevention of each such incident translates into the preserv ation of multiple lives. The Bureau of Labor Statistics ( b l s ) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries ( c f o i ) 1 identified 1,109 instances in which two or more workers died o f injuries sustained in the same job-related in cid en t during the 1 9 95-99 period. These incidents claimed the lives of 2,949 workers. Although multiple-fatality incidents account for only 4 percent of all fatal incidents, nearly 10 percent of fatally injured workers die therein. As the following tabulation shows, almost threequarters o f these incidents involve only two fatalities, but the nine worst catastrophes claimed a total of 266 workers’ lives: N Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 Fatalities per incident Incidents Fatalities T o t a l .... 2 ......................... 1 ,1 0 9 2 ,9 4 9 828 1 ,6 5 6 3 ......................... 157 471 4 ......................... 71 284 5 to 9 .............. 44 272 1 0 o r m o r e ... 9 266 One way to measure m ultiple-fatality inci dents is by the average number of fatalities per incident. O verall, m ultiple-fatality incidents average three fatalities per incident. Federal Government multiple-fatality incidents average four fatalities. The number of multiple-fatality incidents is relatively stable from year to year; from 1995 to 1999 it averaged 222, with each year varying from this average by less than 15 percent. But, because a single incident, such as a commercial jetliner crash or the bombing of a major building, might involve a large number of fatalities, the number of associated fatalities fluctuates from year to year to a greater extent than does the number of multiple-fatality incidents.2 By combining data Chart 1. How workers d ie in m ultiple-fatality incidents, 1995-99 Fires and explosions Transportation incidents 58% Other transportation incidents SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. for 5 years, any such fluctuations can be sufficiently mitigated to ensure a meaningful analysis. As the following tabulation shows, the number of associated fatalities in each of the 5 years from 1995 to 1999 varies less than 20 percent from the 590 annual average for this period: Y ear F a ta lity in cid en ts 1995-99 ... 1995........ 1996........ 1997........ 1998........ 1999........ A verage...... F a ta litie s 1,109 231 194 222 227 235 2,949 694 551 540 550 614 222 590 How workers die in multiple-fatality incidents Chart 1 illustrates how workers die in multiple-fatality incidents. N early three-fifth s die in various kinds o f w ork-related transportation incidents, almost half of which are air crashes and n early tw o -fifth s o f w hich are highw ay incidents. Hom icides, accounting for one-fifth of deaths in multiplefatality incidents, are next. Fires and explosions account for less than one-tenth o f such fatalities. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Multiple-fatality incidents occur in varying degrees in almost all event or exposure categories,3 but in some such categories they account for larger or smaller shares than overall. Table 1 shows, for selected event or exposure cate gories, the percentage of overall incidents involving more than one fatality and the percentage of overall fatalities attributable to such incidents. To illustrate, multiple-fatality transportation incidents make up 5 percent of fatal transportation incidents overall and account for 13 percent of workers who die in transportation incidents. Because multiple-fatality incidents, by definition, involve two or more fatalities, the percentages of fatalities associated with such incidents are larger, for each event or exposure category, than the corresponding percent ages of multiple-fatality incidents. Table 1 shows that three-fifths of workers who die in air crashes, three-fifths who perish in water vessel casualties, and three-tenths who die in fires do so in incidents claiming the lives of more than one worker, whereas multiple-fatality incidents are rare for contact with objects and for falls. Nevertheless, some injury categories in which a high pro portion of worker fatalities is associated with multiplefatality incidents do not involve a high number of overall worker fatalities. Water vessel casualty fatalities and fire fatalities, for example, each account for less than 2 percent of overall fatalities. Conversely, some situations are highly unlikely to involve multiple fatalities.4 Monthly Labor Review O ctober 2004 21 Multiple Fatalities Table 1. Multiple-fatality incidents as a percentage of overall fatal incidents, and fatalities as a percentage of overall fatalities, by selected event or exposure, 1995-99 [ P e r c e n t o f to ta l fo r e v e n t o r e x p o s u r e ] Incidents E ve n t o r e x p o s u re fatalities in multiple-fatality incidents than their shares of overall fatalities. As the following tabulation shows, although there are more multiple-fatality highway incidents than multiple-fatality air crashes, air crashes account for more fatalities:6 Fatalities Transportation mode Multiple fatalities......................................... 4 Fires and e x p lo s io n s ............................. F ire s .................................................... E x p lo s io n s .......................................... 11 13 10 26 30 22 Transportation in cid e n ts........................ Air c r a s h e s ......................................... Water vessel c a su alties..................... Head-on highway co llis io n s ................ 5 33 36 9 13 61 61 17 Assaults and violent a c t s ..................... 4 11 Exposure to harmful s u b s ta n c e s .......... Contact with hot objects or s u b s ta n c e s ................................ Confined sp ace s1 ............................... 3 7 8 16 24 Contact with objects and equipm ent..... Contact with overhead power lin e s .... Nontrenching cave-ins, avalanches ... Collapsing structures.......................... F a lls........................................................ 13 1 8 2 10 24 17 1 2 5 14 11ncludes fatalities which occurred in structures that do not meet the definition of permit-required confined spaces contained in Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations. Even though m ultiple-fatality incidents, by definition, involve two or more fatalities, it is possible for subcategories of such incidents to average fewer than two fatalities per incident. For example, for the “worker struck by a vehicle, mobile equipm ent” category, in which there were only 50 fatalities spread over 27 incidents (or 1.85 fatalities per inci dent), the average was fewer than 2 fatalities per incident. Such an outcome is, however, possible only because of the characteristics of the fatalities constituting each multiplefatality incident. For instance, suppose a truckdriver runs over a road crew member and then collides with a jersey barrier, killing them both. In this multiple-fatality incident involving two workers, there was only one in each of the two occupations involved.5 A murder-suicide is similar: there is usually only one suicide in multiple-fatality murder-suicides, because the perpetrator murders one or more others and then commits suicide. Transportation incidents. Chart 1 and table 2 show that nearly three-fifths of multiple-fatality incidents and fatalities involve transportation, due primarily to head-on highway collisions and incidents involving air and water vessels. O ther highw ay in cid en ts, nonhighw ay in cid en ts, and pedestrian fatalities actually account for a smaller share of 22 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 Incidents Fatalities T o t a l ................................................ 641 1 ,7 0 9 A i r c r a f t ....................................................... 248 805 H i g h w a y v e h i c l e ................................... W a t e r c r a f t ................................................. 284 633 60 161 R a il v e h i c l e .............................................. 24 54 P e d e s t r i a n s t r u c k b y v e h i c l e ......... 27 50 10 The reason for the prominence of air crashes in multiplefatality counts is that aircraft average three decedents per multiple-fatality incident, compared with two for multiplefatality highway incidents. O f the 9 incidents involving 10 or more fatalities, for example, 7 were air crashes. More than one worker is killed in a third of all work-related fatal aircraft incidents, whereas three-fifths of all aircraft-related work fatalities take place in multiple-fatality incidents. Collisions account for about half of highway incidents and fatalities overall, but tw o-thirds of m ultiple-fatality highway incidents and fatalities. H alf of m ultiple-fatality highway collisions involve vehicles moving in opposite directions (head-on collisions), compared with a third for single-fatality incidents, whereas noncollision incidents, such as jackknifings, account for a smaller share of multiplefatality highw ay incidents than single-fatality highw ay incidents. Multiple fatalities may be more likely to result from head-on collisions because they place the occupants of both vehicles at risk of fatality and because the speed with which the vehicles collide is the sum of the speeds at which each is traveling. As with air crashes, multiple-fatality water-vessel inci dents average three decedents per incident. Workers in water vessels are especially vulnerable to multiple-fatality incidents because they usually have m ultiperson crew s and they operate far from assistance in often hostile seas. In icy water without a wet suit, hypothermia can result in death in 6 or 7 minutes. Accordingly, Alaska accounted for one-quarter of the multiple-fatality water-vessel fatalities. Multiple-fatality incidents are particularly prevalent in vessel casualties.7 More than one-third of incidents involving vessel casualties are m ultiple-fatality incidents, w hich constitute three-fifths of all fatalities from vessel casualties. O f the 252 overall vessel-casualty fatalities, 153 were attrib utable to 56 of the 155 overall vessel-casualty incidents. Sinkings and capsizings associated with 43 of those 56 incidents accounted for 119 of the 153 fatalities. Assaults and violent acts. Assaults and violent acts account 1 M u lt ip le - f a t a lit y o c c u p a t io n a l in ju r ie s b y e v e n t o r e x p o s u r e , 1 9 9 5 -9 9 Fatalities M u ltip le -fa ta lity in c id e n ts C h a ra c te ris tic s Num ber P ercen t N um ber P e rce n t T o ta l........................................................................................................ 1,109 100 2,949 100 Transportation in c id e n ts ........................................................................ H ighw ay............................................................................................ Collision between vehicles, mobile equipm ent.............................. Reentrant c o llis io n ..................................................................... Moving in same d ire ctio n ........................................................... Moving in opposite directions, o n co m in g .................................. Moving in intersection................................................................ Moving and standing vehicle, mobile equipment— in roadway ... Moving and standing vehicle, mobile equipment— side of ro a d . Vehicle struck stationary object or equipment in roadw ay........... Vehicle struck stationary object or equipment on side of road .... Noncollision.................................................................................... Jackknifed or overturned— no c o llis io n ..................................... Ran off highway— no co llisio n .................................................... Nonhighway (farm, industrial p rem ises)............................................ A ircra ft............................................................................................... Worker struck by vehicle, mobile eq u ip m e n t................................... Worker struck by vehicle, mobile equipment in ro a d w a y ............. Worker struck by vehicle, mobile equipment on side of ro a d ...... Worker struck by vehicle, mobile equipment in parking lot or nonroad a r e a .................................................................. Water v e h ic le ..................................................................................... C o llis io n ......................................................................................... Explosion, fire, n.e.c..................................................................... Fall from or on ship or b o a t........................................................... Sinking, capsized water v e h ic le ................................................... Railway ............................................................................................ Collision between railway v e h ic le s ................................................ Collision between railway vehicle and other v e h ic le ..................... 641 284 184 3 23 98 36 10 5 3 46 48 36 9 3 248 27 10 14 58 26 17 2 9 3 1 4 4 3 1 22 2 1 1 1,709 633 417 17 51 206 79 18 10 6 95 106 79 19 6 805 50 16 22 58 21 14 1 2 7 3 1 3 4 3 1 27 2 1 1 6 60 5 4 4 43 24 10 13 1 5 4 2 1 1 12 161 13 13 7 119 54 21 29 5 4 2 1 1 Assaults and violent a c t s ....................................................................... H om icid es.......................................................................................... Hitting, kicking, b e a tin g ............................................................... Sh o otin g ........................................................................................ Stab b in g ....................................................................................... Assaults and violent acts by person(s), n.e.c............................. Suicide, self-inflicted injury............................................................... 208 207 6 190 11 6 34 19 19 1 17 1 1 3 611 575 11 409 19 136 34 21 19 14 1 5 1 Contact with objects and equipm ent...................................................... Struck by o bject................................................................................ Struck by falling o b je c t................................................................. Caught in or crushed in collapsing m a te ria ls ................................... Excavation or trenching c a v e -in ................................................... Other cave-in or la n d s lid e ............................................................. Caught in or crushed in collapsing structure................................ 55 16 11 37 10 9 13 5 1 1 3 1 1 1 113 30 20 78 21 18 29 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 F a l ls ........................................................................................................ Fall to lower le v e l............................................................................... Fall from scaffold, stag in g ............................................................. Fall from building girders or other structural s te e l........................ Fall to lower level, n.e.c................................................................. 25 25 7 9 6 2 2 1 1 1 53 53 14 21 11 2 2 1 — Exposure to harmful substances or environm ents................................ Contact with electric curre nt............................................................. Contact with overhead power lin e s ............................................... Struck by lightning......................................................................... Contact with temperature extrem es.................................................. Contact with hot objects or s u b s ta n c e s ....................................... Exposure to caustic, noxious, or allergenic su b stan ces................. Inhalation of s u b s ta n c e ................................................................ Inhalation in enclosed, restricted, or confined sp ace1 ............. Inhalation in open or nonconfined s p a c e .................................. Oxygen d e fic ie n c y ............................................................................ Drowning, subm ersion.................................................................... 91 39 33 3 6 5 29 28 21 6 17 13 8 4 3 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 198 81 67 6 15 11 61 59 43 14 40 31 7 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 See footnotes at end of table. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review O ctober 2004 23 Multiple Fatalities Table 2. Continued— Multiple-fatality occupational injuries by event or exposure, 1995-99 M u ltip le -fa ta lity in ciden ts Fatalities C h a ra c te ris tic s Num ber Depletion of oxygen in other enclosed, restricted, or confined sp ace1 ........................................................ Fires and exp lo sion s............................................ Fires— unintended or uncontrolled....................................... Fire in residence, building, or other stru ctu re ............ Forest, brush, or other outdoor fir e ............................... Explosion ................................................... Explosion, un sp ecified ....................................................... Explosion of pressure vessel or p ip in g ........................................... 1 Includes fatalities which occurred in structures that do not meet the definition of permit-required confined spaces as defined by Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations. Totals for major categories may include subcategories not shown separately. P ercen tages may not add to totals b eca u se of rounding. N o te : for about one-fifth o f multiple-fatality incidents and fatalities, slightly more than for fatalities overall. The category includes 173 multiple-homicide incidents claiming 535 w orkers’ lives, plus 34 murder-suicides claiming an additional 40 w orkers’ lives beyond the assailants who committed suicide in these incidents. The association betw een the victim and the perpetrator or the circumstances associated with the crime could be determined in more than two-thirds o f work-related m ultiple-fatality homicides. The following tabulation sum marizes these associations or circumstances: Association o f perpetrator to victim or circumstance associated with crime T o ta l ( n u m b e r = Percent o f multiplefatality work-related homicides 575).......... ............. A s s o c i a t i o n d e t e r m i n e d .................... ............. R o b b e r ....................................................... ............. I g n i t e r o f b o m b o r e x p l o s i o n ...... ............. C o w o r k e r ................................................ ............. 100 70 24 20 19 S p o u se (p re se n t o r fo rm er), r e l a t i v e , o r a c q u a i n t a n c e ........... C u s t o m e r o r c l i e n t ............................ A s s o c i a t i o n n o t d e t e r m i n e d ........... ............. ............. ............. 4 3 30 Overall, coworkers make up under one-tenth o f all workrelated hom icide perpetrators, but are a fifth o f m ultiplefatality hom icide perpetrators; robbers are a third o f workrelated hom icide perpetrators, but only a quarter o f m ulti ple-fatality hom icide perpetrators.8 Fires and explosions. Fires and explosions account for less than one-tenth o f multiple-fatality incidents and fatalities. These 93 incidents claimed the lives o f 265 workers. 24 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 P ercen t 3 93 53 38 5 41 2 12 N um ber P ercen t 7 8 5 3 _ 4 _ 1 265 155 110 15 110 6 33 9 5 4 1 4 1 Dashes indicate less than or equal to 0.5 percent; n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. S o u r c e : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State, New York City, District of Columbia, and Federal agencies, Censu s of Fatal Occupational Injuries. The “fires and explosions” category, perhaps better than any other event or exposure category, illustrates how multiplefatality incidents are atypical of the fatal-injury experience as a whole. Fires and explosions account for only 3 percent of overall work fatalities, thereby ranking as the smallest major event or exposure category among the six for which the Bureau of Labor Statistics routinely reports fatality data.9 But as table 2 shows, the “fires and explosions” category ranks third in the percentage o f multiple fatalities, with 9 percent. Three other categories— exposure to harmful Sub stances or environments, contact with objects or equipment, and falls— have fewer fatalities. Most strikingly, however, as table 1 shows, the “fires and explosions” category ranks first among major event categories with regard to the percentage o f overall worker fatalities attributable to multiple-fatality incidents. Other events or exposures. Exposure to harmful substances or environments accounts for less than one-tenth o f multiplefatality incidents, but, because this category averages only two decedents per incident, it accounts for an even smaller share o f the fatalities in multiple-fatality incidents. Falls, which constitute one-eighth o f overall fatalities, account for a negligible share o f multiple-fatality incidents and fatalities. Factors underlying multiple-fatality incidents The fatal event or exposure, such as the air crash, head-on highway collision, robbery-murder, explosion, or structural collapse, is the most consistent factor underlying the multiple- fatality phenomenon. Except for murder-suicides, very rarely does the fatal event or exposure differ for the individual fatalities within a multiple-fatality incident. In six-sevenths of multiple-fatality incidents, the workers involved work in the same or similar industries, while in twothirds of multiple-fatality incidents, those involved work in the same or similar occupations. These ratios suggest that the industries in which workers are employed, more so than their particular occupations, are the more important factor in multiple-fatality incidents. Industry and occupation. Most industries, especially in the private sector, are composed of workers in many different occupations.10 Tables 3 and 4 illustrate, respectively, the number and percent distribution of multiple-fatality incidents and fatalities, by industry and occupation. Various kinds of jobs, as determined by industry and occupation, are partic ularly prone to multiple-fatality incidents. Among civilian and military airplane pilots and naviga tors— an occupation with the third-highest overall fatality rate— there were 176 multiple-fatality incidents involving 271 fatalities. Half of all airplane pilot and navigator work fatalities took place in m ultiple-fatality incidents. Because pilots and passengers in some sort of work status often perish in the same incident, fewer than two pilots, on average, perish per m ultiple-fatality incident. Over the study period, public transportation attendants averaged more than 6 fatalities per multiple-fatality incident, due largely to a single air crash claiming more than two dozen flight attendants, a job falling into the occupational category o f public transportation attendants. O f the 6 multiple-fatality incidents involving this occupation, 5 involved flight attendants, claiming 37 of them, plus 14 pilots and 26 workers in other occupations. The air transportation industry accounts for 1 percent of overall fatalities and employment. But, as table 3 shows, it accounts for 8 percent of multiple-fatality incidents and 7 percent of fatalities in such incidents. Because nonscheduled air transportation, which usually involves smaller aircraft and crews, averages fewer than 2 fatalities per multiple-fatality incident, that industry accounts for seven-tenths of the multiple-fatality incidents in air transportation, but only half of the associated fatalities. In contrast, because scheduled air transportation averages 5 fatalities per incident, it ac counts for alm ost as many fatalities in m ultiple-fatality incidents as does nonscheduled air transportation, yet with only a quarter as many multiple-fatality incidents as non scheduled air transportation. Often, other fatalities in air transportation incidents are passengers who are present on the aircraft in connection with their jobs in other industries.11 Sometimes, air crashes can cause multiple-fatality inci dents to account for a substantial segment of fatalities in industries unrelated to air transportation, but which might https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis involve frequent travel. Air crashes predominate, for example, in research, development, and testing services, an industry in which multiple-fatality incidents account for nearly a third of the worker fatalities, and in engineering and architectural services, in which they account for more than a sixth. O f the 157 fatalities in these two components of engineering and management services, 15 multiple-fatality incidents account for 33 fatalities— 19 of which occurred in multiple-fatality air crashes. Even in industries with low fatality counts, multiplefatality air crashes can account for a high share of the in dustry’s overall fatalities. For example, of the 39 fatalities in mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services, 11 multiplefatality air crashes accounting for 15 fatalities made up twofifths of the industry’s fatalities. In contrast, even though taxicab driver is an occupation with a very high fatality rate, due largely to hom icides (typically during robberies),12 multiple-fatality incidents are rare because taxicab drivers usually work alone. O f the 422 taxicab driver fatalities from 1995 to 1999, only 9 occurred in multiple-fatality incidents. For the most part, multiple-fatality incidents distribute somewhat evenly among industries. In only a few industries, for various reasons, do they stand out as involving a substan tially larger share of fatalities than the overall share. For example, catastrophic fires and explosions may be particularly endemic to some industries. Fires and explosions account for four-fifths of fatalities in multiple-fatality inci dents in the chemicals and allied products industry. Similarly, petroleum refining accounts for nearly all the fatalities from multiple-fatality incidents in the petroleum and coal products industry; three-quarters of those fatalities were due to fires. A quarter of the worker fatalities in chemicals and allied products, and a fifth of those in petroleum and coal products, are in multiple-fatality incidents. O f the 262 fatalities in these two industries, 69 are attributable to 27 multiple-fatality incidents. Of the 40 fatalities in explosives and fireworks manufacturing, 26 can be attributed to 8 multiple-fatality incidents, all from fires and explosions.13 Of the 164 fatalities in the motor vehicles and equipment and the aircraft and parts manufacturing industries, one-fifth are attributable to 13 multiple-fatality incidents accounting for 35 fatalities. Almost a quarter of worker fatalities in aircraft and parts manufacturing, and a third of those in motor vehicle and car body manufacturing, occurred in multiple-fatality incidents. Multiple homicides were particularly prevalent in usedcar dealerships during the study period. O f the 60 fatalities in this industry, one-fifth are attributable to 6 multiple-fatality incidents accounting for 12 fatalities— 10 of which were homicides. By contrast, there were only 14 homicides among the remaining 48 single-fatality incidents. Railroading is an industry in which a high proportion of workers is clustered into a few jobs specific to the industry. Monthly Labor Review O ctober 2004 25 Multiple Fatalities M u lt ip le - f a t a lit y o c c u p a t i o n a l in ju r ie s b y in d u s tr y , 1 9 9 5 -9 9 M u ltiple-fatality incid en ts Fatalities C h a ra c te ris tic s Num ber N um b er Percen t Total............................................................................................ 1,109 100 2,949 100 Private in d u s try ......................................................................... 938 85 2,290 78 Agriculture, forestry, and fis h in g .......................................... Agricultural production— c r o p s .......................................... Fruits and tree n u t s ....................................................... Fruits and tree nuts, n.e.c.......................................... General farms, primarily c r o p ........................................ Agricultural production— livestock..................................... Livestock, except dairy and poultry.............................. Beef cattle fe e d lo ts.................................................... Beef cattle, except fe e d lo ts ...................................... Dairy fa rm s..................................................................... Poultry and e g g s ............................................................ Agricultural se rv ic e s .......................................................... Crop s e rv ic e s ................................................................. Crop planting and p rotecting...................................... Animal services, except veterin ary............................... Farm labor and management se rv ic e s ........................... Landscape and horticultural s e r v ic e s ........................... Landscape counseling and p lan n in g .......................... Lawn and garden se rv ice s.......................................... Ornamental shrub and tree s e r v ic e s ......................... Fishing, hunting, and trapping........................................... Commercial fish in g ......................................................... F in fish ......................................................................... S h e llfish ...................................................................... Miscellaneous marine p ro d u c ts................................. Hunting, trapping, game p rop ag ation............................ 119 24 7 1 8 18 9 3 4 3 3 30 11 7 3 3 12 4 4 4 49 47 17 22 3 2 11 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 4 4 2 2 - 287 55 25 13 16 37 19 6 9 6 6 57 19 14 5 5 24 9 8 7 133 128 47 63 7 5 10 2 1 _ 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 4 2 2 - M ining................................................................................... Metal m ining....................................................................... C o a lm in in g ........................................................................ Bituminous coal and lignite m ining................................. Oil and gas extraction....................................................... Oil and gas field se rv ic e s .............................................. Drilling oil and gas w e lls ............................................. Oil and gas field services, n.e.c................................. Nonmetallic minerals, except f u e ls ................................... Sand and g ra v e l............................................................ 35 3 6 4 21 19 5 13 5 3 3 1 2 2 1 - 76 6 11 7 50 46 11 31 9 5 3 2 2 1 _ Construction.......................................................................... General building contractors............................................. Residential building construction................................... Single-family housing construction............................ Residential construction, n.e.c................................... Nonresidential building construction.............................. Nonresidential construction, n.e.c.............................. Heavy construction, except b uilding................................. Highway and street construction................................... Heavy construction, except h ig h w a y ............................ Bridge, tunnel, and elevated high w ay........................ Water, sewer, and utility lin e s .................................... Heavy construction, n.e.c........................................... Special trade contractors.................................................. Plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning......................... Painting and paper h a n g in g ........................................... Electrical w o rk ................................................................ Masonry, stonework, tile setting, and p la s te rin g .......... Masonry and other stonew ork.................................... Plastering, drywall, and in su la tio n ............................. Roofing, siding, and sheet metal w o rk .......................... Concrete w o rk ................................................................ M iscellaneous special trade contractors....................... Structural steel erection............................................. Excavation w o r k ......................................................... Wrecking and demolition w o rk .................................... Special trade contractors, n.e.c................................. 166 24 8 5 3 13 10 45 14 31 3 13 15 97 5 7 14 11 7 4 11 5 42 8 5 5 21 339 45 16 10 6 23 19 92 26 66 6 26 34 200 11 14 27 22 14 8 21 10 87 17 8 10 46 11 2 1 See footnotes at end of table. 26 P e rce n t Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 15 2 1 - 1 1 4 1 3 - 1 1 9 - 1 1 1 1 1 _ 4 1 _ 2 - - 1 1 3 1 2 - 1 1 7 - 1 1 - _ 1 _ 3 1 _ _ 2 | C o n t in u e d — M u lt ip le - f a t a lit y o c c u p a t i o n a l in ju r ie s b y in d u s tr y , 1 9 9 5 -9 9 Fatalities M u ltiple-fatality incid en ts vTlUl UV/IUI IdllUS Num ber P e rce n t N um b e r P e rce n t 1 1 2 1 - 290 20 6 9 18 7 6 8 8 8 54 6 7 7 8 26 8 18 15 14 8 8 12 8 6 31 17 12 10 6 17 7 21 7 6 49 24 13 5 11 8 10 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 - 252 16 16 11 8 100 96 16 73 3 14 4 1 23 1 1 1 1 9 9 1 7 1 - 528 31 31 15 11 182 174 23 132 6 36 11 5 18 1 1 1 6 6 1 4 1 - 1 8 4 91 18 16 65 10 5 2 1 8 2 1 6 1 - 5 18 10 199 84 81 99 16 12 5 1 7 3 3 3 1 - Manufacturing........................................................................ Food and kindred p ro d u cts.............................................. Meat p rod u cts.............................................................. Apparel and other textile p ro d u c ts .................................. Lumber and wood p rod u cts.............................................. L o g g in g ........................................................................ Sawmills and planing m ills ........................................... Sawmills and planing mills, g e n e ra l........................ Furniture and fix tu re s ....................................................... Household fu rn itu re..................................................... Printing and pub lishing ..................................................... Chem icals and allied p ro d u cts......................................... Industrial inorganic c h e m ic a ls ..................................... Drugs............................................................................ Medicináis and b o ta n ic a ls ...................................... Industrial organic c h e m ic a ls ....................................... M iscellaneous chemical p rodu cts............................... E x p lo s iv e s ............................................................... Chem icals and chemical preparations, n.e.c.......... Petroleum and coal p ro d u cts........................................... Petroleum refining........................................................ Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.................. M iscellaneous plastics products, n.e.c....................... Stone, clay, glass and concrete p ro d u c ts...................... Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products.................... Ready-mixed co n crete............................................ Primary metal in d u s trie s .................................................. Blast furnace and basic steel p rod u cts...................... Blast furnaces and steel m ills ................................ Iron and steel fo u n d rie s.............................................. G ray and ductile iron fo un d ries.............................. Fabricated metal p ro d u c ts ............................................... M iscellaneous fabricated metal products.................... Industrial machinery and equipm ent................................ Construction and related m a ch in e ry ........................... Electronic and other electronic eq uipm ent...................... Transportation equipm ent................................................. Motor vehicles and equipm ent..................................... Motor vehicles and car b o d ie s ............................... Motor vehicle parts and a c c e s s o rie s..................... Aircraft and p a rts......................................................... Ship and boat building and rep airing ........................... 133 12 4 5 11 4 4 3 5 5 5 20 3 2 2 3 8 4 4 7 6 4 4 6 4 3 13 6 4 4 2 8 3 10 3 3 19 8 5 2 5 3 12 1 1 2 Transportation and public u tilitie s ......................................... Railroad transportation.................................................... R a ilro a d s...................................................................... Local and interurban passenger transportation.............. Local and suburban transportation............................. Trucking and w arehousing................................................ Trucking and courier services, except a ir ................... Local trucking, without s to ra g e ............................. Trucking, except lo c a l............................................ Public warehousing and sto rag e.................................. Water transportation........................................................ Deep sea foreign transportation of fre ig h t.................. Water transportation of p asse n g ers............................ Deep sea transportation of passengers, except by fe r r y ................................................... Water transportation s e r v ic e s ..................................... Towing and tugboat s e r v ic e s ................................. Transportation by a i r ........................................................ Air transportation, scheduled, and air courier services Air transportation, sche d uled ................................ Air transportation, non sched u led ................................ Airports, flying fields, and s e r v ic e s ............................ Transportation s e rv ic e s ................................................... Passenger transportation arrangem ent....................... - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - See footnotes at end of table. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review O ctober 2004 27 Multiple Fatalities p 2 2 3 B I C o n t in u e d — M u lt ip le - f a t a lit y o c c u p a t i o n a l in ju r ie s b y in d u s tr y , 1 9 9 5 -9 9 M u ltiple -fatality incid en ts Fatalities C h a ra c te ris tic s Num ber P e rce n t N um b e r Freight transportation arrangem ent................................... Com m unications.................................................................... Electric, gas, and sanitary se rv ic e s..................................... Electric s e rv ic e s ................................................................ Combination utility s e rv ic e s .............................................. Electric and other services c o m b in ed ........................... Sanitary se rv ic e s ............................................................... Refuse s y s te m s ............................................................. 2 8 21 8 3 2 6 6 1 2 1 1 1 5 11 42 18 7 5 11 11 1 1 - v* lolesale tra d e ........................................................................ Wholesale trade— durable g o o d s .......................................... Motor vehicles, parts, and s u p p lie s .................................. Professional and commercial equipm ent........................... Hardware, plumbing and heating equipm ent...................... Machinery, equipment, and s u p p lie s ................................. Miscellaneous durable g o o d s ............................................ Scrap and waste m a te ria ls ............................................. W holesale trade— nondurable g o o d s .................................... Groceries and related p ro d u c ts ........................................ Farm-product raw m aterials............................................... 42 25 4 2 4 8 4 3 17 8 2 4 2 1 2 1 - 79 49 5 8 10 11 9 5 30 16 5 3 2 1 1 - Retail tr a d e ............................................................................... General merchandise sto re s ................................................. Department s to re s ............................................................. Food s to re s ........................................................................... G rocery sto re s................................................................... Automotive dealers and service sta tio n s............................. New- and used-car d e a le rs................................................ Used-car d e a le r s ............................................................... Apparel and accessory s to r e s ............................................. Fam ily clothing s to r e s ....................................................... ' Furniture and homefurnishings s to r e s .................................. Furniture and homefurnishings s to r e s .............................. Eating and drinking p la c e s .................................................... Eating p la c e s ..................................................................... Drinking p la c e s .................................................................. Miscellaneous re ta il.............................................................. Liquor sto re s...................................................................... M iscellaneous shopping goods s to re s .............................. Sporting goods and bicycle s h o p s ................................ Nonstore re ta ile rs.............................................................. Direct selling establishm ents......................................... Fuel d e a le rs ....................................................................... Retail stores, n.e.c............................................................. 128 7 4 28 24 17 3 6 4 2 5 3 41 31 5 27 4 7 3 7 4 3 4 12 1 3 2 2 1 4 3 2 1 1 9 _ 2 2 1 _ 3 2 2 1 1 _ _ - 261 11 6 54 46 31 5 12 13 9 12 8 82 61 9 56 9 15 7 17 12 6 5 Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ........................................ Depository institutions.......................................................... Savings institutions........................................................... Credit unions...................................................................... Insurance c a rrie rs ................................................................. Insurance agents, brokers, and s e rv ic e .............................. Real e sta te ............................................................................ Real estate operators and le s s o rs .................................... Nonresidential building operators................................... Real estate agents and m a n a g e rs.................................... Holdings and other investment o ffices................................ Miscellaneous in v estin g .................................................... 29 8 3 2 3 4 9 5 3 3 2 1 3 1 _ 1 - 77 30 6 19 6 9 18 11 5 6 7 6 3 1 1 _ 1 _ - S e rv ic e s .................................................................................... Hotels and other lodging p la c e s ........................................... Hotels and m o te ls.............................................................. Personal s e r v ic e s ................................................................. B usiness s e rv ic e s ................................................................. Mailing, reproduction, steno g rap hic.................................. M iscellaneous equipment rental and le a s in g .................... Personnel supply s e rv ic e s ................................................ Help supply s e r v ic e s ..................................................... Computer and data processing s e r v ic e s .......................... 170 3 3 5 51 11 5 11 11 5 15 - 335 7 7 8 83 15 7 20 20 5 11 - See footnotes at end of table. 28 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 - _ - 5 1 1 1 — P ercen t - _ 3 1 1 1 — C o n t in u e d — M u lt ip le - f a t a lit y o c c u p a t i o n a l in ju r ie s b y in d u s tr y , 1 9 9 5 -9 9 Fatalities M u ltiple-fatality incid en ts C h a ra c te ris tic s Num ber P ercen t N um b e r P e rc e n t M iscellaneous business s e rv ic e s .............................. Detective and armored car s e rv ic e s ....................... Automotive repair, services, and p a rk in g ....................... Automotive repair s h o p s ............................................ Top, body, and upholstery repair shops and paint s h o p s .................................................................... General automotive repair s h o p s ............................ M iscellaneous repair se rv ic e s.......................................... M iscellaneous repair s h o p s ....................................... Motion p ictu re s................................................................. Amusement and recreation s e r v ic e s ............................... Producers, orchestras, entertainers............................ M iscellaneous amusement, recreation s e rv ic e s.......... Health s e r v ic e s ................................................................ Nursing and personal care fa c ilitie s ............................ H o sp ita ls....................................................................... G eneral medical and surgical h o s p ita ls ................. Legal s e rv ic e s .................................................................. Educational s e r v ic e s ....................................................... Colleges and un ive rsities............................................. Schools and educational services, n.e.c..................... Social se rv ic e s ................................................................. Child day care s e r v ic e s ............................................... Membership org a niza tion s............................................... Religious org anization s................................................ Engineering and management s e rv ic e s ........................... Engineering and architectural s e r v ic e s ....................... Engineering s e r v ic e s ............................................... Architectural s e rv ic e s .............................................. Surveying s e rv ic e s .................................................. Research and testing s e rv ic e s .................................... 15 7 11 8 1 1 1 1 28 15 20 13 1 1 1 - 3 3 4 4 3 19 5 14 20 3 8 7 13 15 2 9 3 2 12 9 20 9 3 3 3 6 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 6 9 9 7 40 9 31 39 5 17 13 21 24 5 13 7 5 24 18 39 18 6 5 7 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Government1 ................................................................................. 214 19 659 22 Federal Government (including resident Armed F o r c e s ) ........ 84 8 378 13 Transportation and public u tilitie s......................................... 3 - 7 - Public adm inistration............................................................. Executive, legislative, and general g ove rn m e n t............. Justice, public order, and s a fe ty ..................................... Public order and s a fe t y ................................................ Police protection-..................................................... Environmental quality and housing and administration of economic p ro g ram s.................................................. National security and international a ffa irs....................... National se cu rity ........................................................... 79 2 4 4 4 7 - 368 97 7 7 7 12 3 - 11 60 60 1 5 5 28 232 232 1 8 8 State governm ent..................................................................... 54 5 106 4 Construction.......................................................................... Heavy construction, except b u ild in g ............................... Highway and street co n stru ctio n ................................. 6 6 6 1 1 1 10 10 10 — Services ............................................................................ Educational se rv ic e s ........................................................ Colleges and u n ive rsitie s............................................. Social s e rv ic e s ................................................................. 13 8 8 3 1 1 1 - 26 15 15 7 1 1 1 - Public adm inistration........................................................... Justice, public order, and s a fe ty ..................................... Public order and s a fe t y ................................................ Police p rotection..................................................... Finance, taxation, and monetary p olicy........................... Administration of human re s o u rc e s ................................. Environmental quality and housing and administration of econom ic program s....................................................... 33 16 16 13 1 2 3 1 1 1 - 2 1 1 1 - - 66 30 30 23 5 5 - 11 1 20 1 - - - See footnotes at end of table. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review O ctober 2004 29 Multiple Fatalities I C o n t in u e d — M u lt ip le - f a t a lit y o c c u p a t i o n a l in ju r ie s b y in d u s tr y , 1 9 9 5 -9 9 Fatalities M u ltiple -fatality incid en ts C h a ra cte ristics Num ber ““ - 8 8 - 13 7 5 1 1 - 22 13 10 1 - 64 8 3 53 53 22 31 6 1 5 5 2 3 135 17 8 113 113 37 73 5 1 4 4 1 2 3 3 - Transportation and public utilities...................................... Electric, gas, and sanitary s e r v ic e s ............................. 4 4 S e rv ic e s ............................................................................ Educational s e r v ic e s ..................................................... Elementary and secondary s c h o o ls ........................... Public adm inistration......................................................... Executive, legislative, and general govern m ent........... Executive and legislative com bined........................... Justice, public order, and sa fe ty ................................... Public order and s a fe ty ............................................. Police protection..................................................... Fire protection......................................................... Environmental quality and housing and administration of econom ic p ro g ra m s....................... Totals for major categories may include subcategories not shown separately. Percentages may not add to totals because of rounding. Dashes The 35 fatalities in 18 multiple-fatality incidents, accounting for one-fifth o f railroading’s overall fatalities, are composed alm ost entirely o f w orkers in a few rail transportation occupations, such as locomotive operator or train conduc tor.14Accordingly, the 15 multiple-fatality incidents involving rail transportation occupations account for 27 o f the 113 fatalities in this group o f occupations. A lm ost all were transportation incidents, such as collisions betw een rail vehicles or derailments. Fishers and loggers typically have m aintained the highest overall fatality rates, exchanging places as the m ost deadly job from year to year. Yet, their m ultiple-fatality experiences are radically different. A m ultiple-fatality incident is rare among timber-cutting and logging occupations.15 The 584 timber-cutting and logging fatalities include only 5 multiplefatality incidents with 8 associated fatalities. Fishers, includ ing fishing vessel captains and officers, by contrast, make up 1 percent o f overall fatalities, but 4 percent o f fatalities in m ultiple-fatality incidents. F ishing’s 44 m ultiple-fatality incidents account for 122 o f the 339 fisher fatalities during the 5-year study period. Almost all o f the fishing fatalities are the result o f water-vessel incidents, mostly vessel casualties. Similarly, among water transportation occupations, the 13 m ultiple-fatality incidents accounting for 32 fatalities make up one-sixth o f fatalities in this occupation group, which includes ship captains, mates, sailors, deckhands, and marine 30 5 5 C o n stru ctio n ...................................................................... Fleavy construction, except b u ild in g .............................. : Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 P ercen t 6 81 o te N um b e r 170 7 Local governm ent.................................................................. 11ncludes fatalities to workers employed by governmental organizations regardless of industry. N P e rce n t 3 - 5 indicate less than or equal to 0.5 percent; n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. S ource: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State, New York City, District of Columbia, and Federal agencies, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries engineers, except on fishing boats. As with fishing, most of these deaths involve vessel casualties. Likewise, o f the water transportation industry’s 189 fatalities, 36 occurred in 14 multiple-fatality incidents. Firefighting occupations account for 31 multiple-fatality incidents involving 72 fatalities. Fires and explosions claimed the lives o f 52 o f the 72 firefighters who died in multiplefatality incidents, with most o f the rest o f these fatalities occurring in transportation incidents. A lthough managerial and professional specialty occu pations have a very low fatality risk overall, one-sixth of fatally injured workers in these occupations die in multiplefatality incidents. This phenomenon appears to be widely spread through the various m anagerial and professional specialty categories, driven by the disproportionately high incidence o f transportation fatalities and hom icides and suicides am ong these w orkers. W hile m anagerial and professional specialty occupations account for one-ninth of overall occupational fatalities, they make up one-fifth of m ultiple-fatality transportation incidents and one-third of multiple-fatality homicides and suicides. For example, the legal profession, with a fatality rate a mere fraction of the overall rate, is very safe. Nevertheless, 14 multiple-fatality incidents involving 20 fatalities account for more than a quarter o f the 74 work-related fatal injuries to lawyers, mainly air crashes in which workers in other occupations also died. 1 M u lt ip le - f a t a lit y o c c u p a t io n a l in ju r ie s b y o c c u p a t io n , 1 9 9 5 -9 9 Fatalities M u ltiple-fatality incid en ts C h a ra c te ris tic s N um b e r P e rce n t Num ber P e rce n t T otal......................................................................................................... 1,109 100 2,949 100 Civilian o ccu p atio n s................................................................................ 1,058 95 2,726 92 Managerial and professional specialty occu p a tio n s.............................. Executive, administrative, and managerial o ccu p a tio n s..................... Administrators and officials, public adm inistration........................... Financial m a n ag ers........................................................................... Managers, marketing, advertising, and public re la tio n s.................. Administrators, education and related fie ld s .................................... Managers, food serving and lodging establishm ents....................... Managers, properties and real esta te ............................................... M anagersand administrators, n.e.c.................................................. Management-related occupations..................................................... Accountants and a u d ito rs ............................................................. Other management-related o ccup atio ns....................................... Professional specialty o ccu p a tio n s..................................................... Engineers, architects, and s u rv e y o rs .............................................. A rc h ite c ts ...................................................................................... Engineers....................................................................................... Electrical and electronic e n g in e e rs.......................................... Engineers, n.e.c......................................................................... Mathematical and computer s c ie n tists8 ........................................... Computer system s analysts and scien tists.................................. Natural s c ie n tis ts .............................................................................. Biological and life s c ie n tis ts ......................................................... Health diagnosing occupations......................................................... Health assessm ent and treating o ccu p atio n s.................................. Registered nu rses.......................................................................... T he rap ists...................................................................................... Physician’s a s s is ta n ts .................................................................. Teachers, p o stse co n d a ry ................................................................. Teachers, except p ostseco n d a ry..................................................... Teachers, n.e.c............................................................................... Social, recreation, and religious w o rk e rs ......................................... Social w o rk e rs ............................................................................... Clergy and religious w o rk ers......................................................... L aw y e rs............................................................................................ Writers, artists, entertainers, and a th le te s ...................................... Photographers............................................................................... Designers, musicians, composers, actors, and other artists, performers, and related w o rk e rs ............................................. A thletes.......................................................................................... 266 183 7 11 10 5 32 7 101 32 12 22 112 24 4 20 8 5 1 7 10 4 5 17 11 4 2 5 13 10 11 4 7 14 25 11 24 17 1 1 1 3 1 9 3 1 2 10 2 2 1 9 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 531 327 28 12 12 6 36 13 151 59 18 41 204 46 6 40 10 12 8 13 5 6 28 14 6 7 8 15 11 21 8 13 20 34 13 18 11 1 1 5 2 1 1 7 2 1 - 9 2 1 - 13 5 - Technical, sales, and administrative s u p p o rt........................................ Technicians and related support o ccu p atio n s..................................... Health technologists and te ch n icia n s............................................. Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c................................ Engineering and related technologists and te ch n icia n s................. Electrical and electronic te ch n icia n s........................................... Surveying and mapping te c h n ic ia n s ............................................ Science te c h n ic ia n s........................................................................ Technicians, except health, engineering, and s c ie n c e ................. Airplane pilots and navigators...................................................... Technicians, n.e.c.......................................................................... S a le s o c c u p a tio n s ............................................................................... Supervisors and proprietors, sales o ccu p atio n s............................ S a le s representatives, finance and business s e r v ic e s ................. Securities and financial services sales o ccu p a tio n s.................. Sa le s representatives, commodities except re ta il......................... S a le s representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale .... Sales workers, retail and personal s e r v ic e s .................................. 290 173 12 11 11 5 3 5 159 146 11 102 53 9 1 13 13 43 26 16 1 1 1 536 273 14 13 14 6 5 9 236 215 13 177 74 19 9 15 15 68 18 9 - - - 14 13 1 9 5 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 — - 8 7 6 3 1 1 1 2 S e e footnotes at end of table. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review O ctober 2004 31 Multiple Fatalities C o n t in u e d — M u lt ip le - f a t a lit y o c c u p a t i o n a l in ju r ie s b y o c c u p a t io n , 1 9 9 5 -9 9 Fatalities M u ltiple-fatality incid en ts C h a ra c te ris tic s Num ber N um b e r P ercen t S a le s workers, other co m m o ditie s............................................. S ales counter c le rk s ................................................................... C a s h ie rs ...................................................................................... Street and door-to-door sales w o rkers....................................... Administrative support occupations, including c le r ic a l........................ Supervisors, administrative support o c c u p a tio n s........................... Secretaries, stenographers, and ty p is ts ......................................... Information c le rk s ............................................................................. Records processing occupations, except fin an cial......................... Mail and m essage distributing occup ations..................................... Material recording, scheduling, and distributing c le r k s ................... Stock and inventory c le r k s ........................................................ M iscellaneous administrative su p p o rt.............................................. General office c le r k s .................................................................. Administrative support occupations, n.e.c................................. 14 3 18 2 35 3 5 7 4 4 6 3 6 2 4 1 2 3 1 1 1 - 19 5 25 9 86 7 11 13 10 7 10 6 19 8 5 1 1 3 1 - Service o ccu p atio n s.................................................................................... Protective service o ccu p a tio n s............................................................. Firefighting and fire prevention occupations, including administrators and su p e rviso rs.................................................... Administrators and supervisors, firefighting and fire prevention occup ations........................................................... Firefighting o c c u p a tio n s............................................................. Police and detectives, including su p e rviso rs.................................. Supervisors, police, detectives, and correctional institution o ffic e rs ..................................................................................... Police and detectives, public s e r v ic e ........................................ Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement o fficers................ Correctional institution o ffic e rs .................................................. Guards, including s u p e rv is o rs ......................................................... G uards and police, except public s e r v ic e ................................. Service occupations, except protective and ho u seh old ....................... Food preparation and service o cc u p a tio n s ..................................... W aiters and w a itresses............................................................... Cooks .......................................................................................... M iscellaneous food preparation occup ations............................. Health service occup ations.............................................................. Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants................................... Cleaning and building service occupations, except h o u se h o ld ...... Janitors and c le a n e rs ................................................................. Personal service o ccup atio ns.......................................................... G u id e s ......................................................................................... Public transportation attendants................................................ 141 81 13 7 309 176 10 6 31 3 72 2 6 30 38 1 3 3 10 62 82 2 3 6 27 9 2 14 11 61 27 4 13 4 4 4 20 16 14 5 6 1 2 1 1 1 6 2 1 2 1 1 1 6 55 15 6 22 18 133 40 5 16 6 7 7 30 24 56 10 39 2 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 2 1 Farming, forestry, and fis h in g ..................................................................... Farming operators and m anagers........................................................... Farmers, except horticultural............................................................ Managers, farms, except horticultural............................................. Other agricultural and related o ccu p atio n s........................................... Farm occupations, except m anagerial.............................................. Supervisors, farm workers........................................................... Farmworkers................................................................................ Related agricultural o ccu p a tio n s...................................................... Groundskeepers and gardeners, except fa rm ............................ Animal caretakers, except fa rm .................................................. Forestry and logging o c c u p a tio n s......................................................... Timber cutting and logging o ccup atio ns........................................... Fishers, hunters, and tra p p e rs .............................................................. Fishers, including vessel captains and o ffic e rs .............................. 115 23 14 9 52 39 5 37 14 8 4 7 5 45 44 10 2 1 1 5 4 3 1 1 1 4 4 269 33 21 12 101 74 5 69 27 18 5 11 8 124 122 9 1 1 3 3 2 1 1 4 4 Precision production, craft, and r e p a ir ....................................................... M echanics and re p a ire rs ....................................................................... Supervisors, m echanics and re p a ire rs............................................. M echanics and repairers, except s u p e rviso rs................................. Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, re p a ire rs................. Automobile m e ch a n ics............................................................ Bus, truck, and stationary engine m e c h a n ic s ....................... 212 66 9 61 31 6 3 19 6 1 6 3 1 - 361 98 12 86 42 10 5 12 3 3 1 - Se e footnotes at end of table. 32 P e rce n t Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 - I C o n t in u e d — M u lt ip le - f a t a lit y o c c u p a t i o n a l in ju r ie s b y o c c u p a t io n , 1 9 9 5 -9 9 M u ltiple-fatality incid en ts Fatalities C h a ra c te ris tic s N um b e r Aircraft engine m e c h a n ic s........................................................... Heavy equipment m e ch an ics....................................................... Electrical and electronic equipment re p a ire rs................................. Electronic repairers, communications and industrial equipm ent.. Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers.......................................... Office machine re p a ire rs ............................................................. Specified mechanics and repairers, n.e.c................................... Not-specified mechanics and re p a ire rs....................................... Construction tr a d e s .................................................................................. Brickmasons, stonemasons, tile setters, including s u p e rv iso rs......... Carpet installers, carpenters, drywall installers, including s u p e rv iso rs........................................................................................ Electricians and electrical power installers and repairers, including s u p e rv is o rs ........................................................................ Painters, paperhangers, and plasterers, including su perviso rs........... Plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, including superviso rs.................. Supervisors, n.e.c................................................................................. Concrete and terrazzo fin is h e rs ........................................................... R o o fe rs .................................................................................................. Structural metal w o rk e rs ....................................................................... Construction trades, n.e.c..................................................................... Extractive o ccu p atio n s............................................................................. Drillers, oil w e lls ..................................................................................... Mining machine o p e ra to rs..................................................................... Mining occupations, n.e.c..................................................................... Precision production o ccu p atio n s............................................................ Supervisors, production o c c u p a tio n s................................................... Precision metalworking o ccup atio ns..................................................... M a c h in is ts ........................................................................................ Plant and system ope rato rs.................................................................. Operators, fabricators, and lab orers................................................................ Machine operators, assem blers, and in sp ecto rs...................................... Machine operators and tenders, except p re c is io n ............................... Metalworking and plasticworking machine ope rato rs...................... M achine operators, assorted m a te ria ls........................................... Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except fo o d ......................... M iscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c..................................... Machine operators, not s p e c ifie d ................................................ Fabricators, assemblers, and handworking o c c u p a tio n s..................... W elders and cu tte rs......................................................................... A ssem blers....................................................................................... Transportation and material moving occup ations...................................... Motor vehicle o p e ra to rs ........................................................................ T ru ck d riv e rs..................................................................................... Driver-sales w o rkers........................................................................ B u s d riv e rs ....................................................................................... Taxicab drivers and c h a u ffe u rs...................................................... Transportation occupations, except motor v e h ic le s ............................ Rail transportation o c c u p a tio n s...................................................... Railroad conductors and yardm asters......................................... Locomotive operating o ccupations.............................................. Water transportation o ccu p a tio n s................................................... Ship captains, mates, sailors, and deckhands, except fishing b o a ts ................................................................. Material moving equipment o p e rato rs................................................. Operating engineers......................................................................... Hoist and winch o p e ra to rs............................................................... Industrial truck and tractor equipment operato rs............................ M iscellaneous material moving equipment operators...................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and la b o re rs .............................. Construction lab orers.......................................................................... Freight, stock, and material h a n d le rs................................................. Stock handlers and b ag g ers............................................................ Freight, stock, and material handlers, n.e.c.................................... P ercen t Num ber P e rce n t 1 6 6 107 3 1 1 1 1 17 1 1 10 - 11 13 12 11 2 6 9 6 184 5 25 6 - 13 1 20 1 24 8 13 16 3 5 9 14 24 7 6 9 36 19 11 5 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 42 15 20 17 5 8 18 25 33 8 9 11 46 23 13 6 8 1 370 66 39 3 32 5 8 33 6 4 3 1 12 3 2 1 18 14 12 1 24 4 2 2 16 1 1 12 9 8 13 1 3 1 1 10 1 697 114 66 6 51 9 12 1 44 34 10 368 267 242 8 5 9 59 27 10 1 32 12 29 11 4 4 4 138 68 17 8 7 1 3 1 12 6 2 1 1 29 42 14 9 5 6 215 111 21 9 10 1 1 7 4 1 — 10 9 8 7 30 23 7 204 155 137 8 4 6 28 15 8 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 - 1 - 2 1 15 1 1 Se e footnotes at end of table. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review O ctober 2004 33 Multiple Fatalities I C o n t in u e d — M u lt ip le - f a t a lit y o c c u p a t i o n a l in ju r ie s b y o c c u p a t io n , 1 9 9 5 -9 9 M u ltiple -fatality incid en ts Fatalities C h a ra c te ris tic s N um ber P ercen t Num ber P ercen t Vehicle washers and equipment c le a n e rs .......................................... Laborers, except co n stru ctio n ........................................................... 3 42 4 5 66 2 Nonclassifiable o ccu p a tio n s....................................................................... 20 2 23 1 Military o c c u p a tio n s .................................................................................... 56 5 223 8 Technical, sales, and administrative su pp ort............................................. Technicians and related support o c c u p a tio n s ........................................ Technicians, except health, engineering, and s c ie n c e ..................... Airplane pilots and navigators.................................................... 31 31 31 31 3 3 3 3 57 57 56 56 2 2 2 2 Precision production, craft, and re p a ir....................................................... M echanics and re p a ire rs ......................................................................... M echanics and repairers, except s u p e rv is o rs .................................. Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, rep airers................. Aircraft engine m e c h a n ic s .................................................... 5 5 5 5 5 Military occupations (Armed Forces), n.e.c................................................ 39 N ote : Totals for major categories may include subcategories not shown separately. Percentages may not add to totals because of rounding. Dashes indicate less than or equal to 0.5 percent; n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. In the same vein, multiple fatality incidents account for onethird o f work fatalities involving photographers; these 11 m ultiple-fatality incidents produced 13 fatalities— all air crashes, typically involving aerial photography, in which 9 pilots and 4 workers in other occupations also perished. Exhibit 1 lists selected occupations with high proportions o f m ultiple-fatality cases and notable characteristics, if any, associated with these occupations. M ultiple-fatality incidents generally do not play prom i nent roles in factory-type production jobs. An exception is furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food: o f the 31 fatalities involving this occupation, 9 resulted from 5 multiplefatality incidents in which 4 workers in other occupations also perished. N ot surprisingly, these incidents involved primarily fires and explosions. Similarly, o f 58 fatally injured assemblers, 10 died in 7 multiple-fatality incidents in which 11 workers in other occupations also perished. Some occupations that might be expected to have high incidences o f multiple fatalities in fact do not. The construc tion trades, for example, account for one-tenth o f overall fatalities, but a m uch sm aller proportion o f fatalities in m ultiple-fatality incidents. Despite images o f mine-tunnel collapses and m ine explosions, only 9 m ining m achine operators and 11 miscellaneous mining workers perished in multiple-fatality incidents out o f the 215 fatalities suffered by workers in these two occupations during the 5-year study period. Even though extractive occupations have high fatality rates, they merely mirror m ultiple-fatality aggregate trends, 34 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 - 8 8 7 7 6 - 4 152 5 - _ - S o u rc e : U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State, New York City, District of Columbia, and Federal agencies, Censu s of Fatal Occupational Injuries. as does mining as an industry. M ine-tunnel collapses are often thought o f as multiple-fatality catastrophes, but only a quarter o f fatalities among mine workers in such collapses occurred in multiple-fatality incidents. Similarly, although truckdrivers have high fatality rates and experience more job fatalities than any other occupation, only 6 percent o f those fatalities occurred in multiple-fatality incidents. Government. As the following tabulation shows, all levels o f governm ent claim a larger share o f m ultiple-fatality incidents and associated fatalities than does the private sector:16 Overall Multiple-fatality Associated fatalities, incidents fatalities percent Number Percent Number Percent P r i v a te i n d u s t r y 9 0 G o v e rn m en t 10 F e d e r a l... 3 S t a t e ....... 2 L o c a l ....... 5 938 214 84 54 81 85 19 8 5 7 2 ,2 9 0 659 378 106 170 78 22 13 4 6 Note that government accounts for 10 percent of overall fatalities, but twice that share o f multiple-fatality incidents and associated fatalities. 1. Federal Government. As table 3 illustrates, national security accounts for more than two-thirds o f the multiple-fatality incidents in the Federal Government and three-fifths of the PWSBWI Selected occupations with hiah proportions of worker fatalities taking place in multiple-fatality incidents, 1995-99 Three-tenths or more of overall worker fatalities in the following occupations took place in multiple-fatality incidents: O c c u p a t io n N o ta b le ch a ra cte ristic s Hunting and other kinds of guides Photographers Accountants and auditors Information clerks All transportation incidents All air crashes, typically involving aerial photography None None One-quarter of overall worker fatalities in the following occupations took place in multiple-fatality incidents: O c c u p a t io n N o ta b le c h a ra cte ristics Lawyers Financial managers M iscellaneous administrative support occupations Administrators in education and related fields Science technicians M iscellaneous technicians1 Engineers and architects Mainly air crashes Two-thirds were homicides None None None None Mostly air crashes A share substantially larger than the overall share of worker fatalities in the following occupations took place in multiplefatality incidents: O c c u p a t io n N o ta b le ch a ra cte ristics Health assessment and treating occupations Mathematical, computer, and natural scientists Clergy and religious workers Secretaries, stenographers, and typists Registered nurses None None None None All were air crashes, most involving helicopter ambulances or rescue efforts None None University and other postsecondary teachers Artists, except photographers 1Includes air traffic controllers, broadcast equipment operators, com puter programmers, numerical control tool programmers, paralegals and other legal assistants, and miscellaneous technicians other than health, engineering, and science technicians. associated fatalities. The Federal Government averaged more than four fatalities per multiple-fatality incident and accounted for the m ost fatalities associated with m ultiple-fatality incidents of any level of government, even though it has the lowest employment of all three levels. Multiple-fatality incidents are common in the military. The 56 multiple-fatality incidents involving military personnel account for 223 fatalities, constituting 5 percent of multiple-fatality incidents and 8 percent of associated fatalities. Military occupations account for just under 1 percent of employment and just under 2 percent of overall work fatalities.17 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis As the following tabulation shows, vehicles are associ ated with virtually all of the military fatalities, with aircraft accounting for virtually all of the vehicles: Kind o f vehicle Number o f fatalities T o t a l ............. 223 V e h i c l e s ................... 210 194 A i r c r a f t .............. F ix e d w in g ... 68 R o t a r y w in g 117 16 M o t o r v e h ic l e s Monthly Labor Review O ctober 2004 35 Multiple Fatalities Rotary-wing aircraft, primarily helicopters, account for nearly twice as many military fatalities in multiple-fatality incidents as do fixed-wing aircraft. Because seven-eighths of military fatalities involve aircraft, military multiple-fatality incidents average 4 decedents per incident. 2. State government. Multiple-fatality incidents and asso ciated fatalities are more widely dispersed in State govern ment than they are in the Federal Government. Police protec tion accounts for the most fatalities from multiple-fatality incidents. These 23 State police fatalities arising from 13 multiple-fatality incidents represent more than one-fifth of overall State police protection fatalities. 3. Local government. Fire protection accounts for the largest number of multiple-fatality incidents and fatalities in local governm ent, with more than one-third of multiplefatality incidents and two-fifths of associated fatalities. Police protection accounts for the second-largest number. Although there are m ore m ultiple-fatality local police protection incidents and fatalities than in State government, the 37 local police protection fatalities arising from 22 multiple-fatality incidents account for less than one-tenth o f local police protection fatalities. It is not clear why so much larger a proportion of State police protection fatalities occurs in multiple-fatality incidents compared with the proportion of local police protection fatalities; the underlying character istics of m ultiple-fatality incidents for both categories of worker is a similar mix of homicides and auto and air crashes. Another surprising finding is the prevalence of multiplefatality incidents in the public administration of environmental quality, housing, and economic programs. After all levels of government are aggregated, data show that there were 53 fatalities arising from 24 multiple-fatality incidents. These 53 fatalities account for alm ost one-fifth of this category’s fatalities. Air crashes account for almost half of these fatal ities, homicides for almost a quarter. T h is a r t i c l e r e p r e s e n t s t h e f i r s t t i m e that the Bureau of Labor Statistics has exam ined m ultiple-fatality incidents. A few general conclusions can be reached. First, m ultiplefatality incidents occur in varying degrees in alm ost all event or exposure categories, but in some they make up larger or sm aller shares of the category’s overall fatalities. Second, except in the case of m urder-suicides, very rarely does the fatal event or exposure differ am ong the individ ual victim s of the same m ultiple-fatality incident. Third, m ost m ultiple-fatality incidents involve w orkers in the sam e or sim ila r in d u stries and o ccu p atio n s. F in ally , m ultiple-fatality incidents are a unique phenom enon: in m ost m ajor respects, the fatal events or exposures under lying the circum stances under which they occur and the kinds of jobs in which they are m ost prevalent often do not reflect the fatal injury experience as a w hole. □ Notes 1 The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (cfoi) program, which has collected occupational fatality data nationwide since 1992, uses diverse data sources to identify, verify, and profile fatal work injuries. Information about each workplace fatality (occupation and other worker characteristics, circumstances of the event, and other cases arising out o f the same incident) is obtained by cross-referencing source documents, such as death certificates, workers’ compensation records, media accounts, and reports to Federal and State agencies. This approach ensures that counts are as complete and accurate as possible, cfoi data do not include data on fatal work illnesses. For purposes of this article, cfoi data for 1995-99 were used. 2 For example, in 1995, both the number of fatalities in the “ 10 or more fatalities per incident” category and the number of fatalities in the Federal Government were significantly greater than the average, due to the bombing of a Federal building that resulted in more than a hundred work-related fatalities. 3 The event or exposure describes the manner in which the injury was produced or inflicted. For further explanation, see Guy Toscano, Janice Windau, and Dino Drudi, “Using the bls Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System as a Safety and Health Management Tool,” Compensation and Working Conditions, June 1996, pp. 19-28. fatality incidents are rare include sudden stop or start noncollision highway incidents; some nonhighway and railway vehicle incident categories; assaults by animals; being struck by a flying, swinging, or slipping object; being compressed or pinched by rolling, sliding, or shifting objects; falling down stairs or steps; falling from the floor, dock, or ground level; falling from a roof; falling from a nonmoving vehicle; falling from piled or stacked materials; jumping to a lower level; falling on the same level; coming into contact with the electric current of a machine, a tool, an appliance, a light fixture, wiring, a transformer, or some other electrical component; ingestion o f a substance; needle sticks; venomous bites; and ignition of one’s clothing from a controlled heat source. Multiple fatalities are underrepresented, although less so, among, for example, suicides; workers caught in running equipment or machinery; and workers coming into contact with electric currents other than in overhead power lines. Falls from scaffolds, too, rarely claim more than one worker’s life. Even ex cavation or trenching cave-ins show no greater propensity to result in multiple-fatality incidents than events or exposures overall: during the 5-year study period, the 10 excavation or trenching cave-ins in which more than one worker was killed claimed 21 of the 213 workers involved in these kinds of fatalities. 5 Another example illustrating this concept is as follows: suppose that, in 4 of 5 multiple-fatality head-on collisions involving truckdrivers, 4 Even though virtually every kind of fatal event can involve the truckdrivers of both vehicles were killed, but in the fifth only one truckdriver was killed, because the fatally injured driver of the other truck multiple fatalities, the event or exposure categories in which multiple- 36 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 was a carpenter driving between construction sites; then those five multiple-fatality incidents involved nine truckdrivers and one carpenter, so the average number of fatally injured truckdrivers is 1.8 (that is, 9 truckdrivers -s- 5 incidents = 1.8 truckdrivers per incident). 6 Figures for separate categories may not sum to totals because of incidents involving more than one transportation mode and categories that are not shown separately. 7 Vessel casualties include sinkings, capsizings, and vessel explosions and fires. 8 Eric F. Sygnatur and Guy A. Toscano, “Work-related Homicides: The Facts,” C om pensation and Working C onditions, spring 2000, p. 5. Also noteworthy is that better information seems to be available on multiple-fatality homicides, reducing the share for which a victimperpetrator association or circumstance associated with crime is undetermined. Whether this is due to better documentation being available or to the particular mix of victim-perpetrator associations or circumstances associated with crime is unknown. 9 The only smaller categories are bodily reaction and exertion (which includes overexertion and repetitive motion) and the category titled “nonclassifiable,” each of which averaged under a dozen fatality cases per year. 10 As used in this context, the term industry refers to industries listed in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual (Office of Management and Budget, 1987), and occupation refers to occupations listed in the Census o f Population Alphabetical Index o f Occupations (Bureau of the Census, 1990), as modified by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 11 For further information about air transportation occupational fatalities, see Peggy Suarez, “Flying Too High: Worker Fatalities in A ppendix: the Aeronautics Field,” Compensation and Working Conditions, spring 2000, pp. 39-42. 12 Andrew T. Knestaut, “Fatalities and Injuries Among Truck and Taxicab Drivers,” Compensation and Working Conditions, fall 1997, pp. 55-60. This occupation also includes chauffeurs. 13 Although the industry titled chem icals and chem ical prep arations, not elsewhere classified (see table 3), involves a disparate range of manufactures, such as lemon and eucalyptus oil, writing ink, soil-testing kits, napalm, and flares, the vast majority of the fatalities in that industry, including virtually all the multiple-fatality incidents, involved fireworks manufacturing. 14 For purposes of the analysis in this paragraph, commuter railroads and subway and trolley transit operations within Standard Industrial Code 411, “Local and Suburban Transportation” have been combined with Standard Industrial Code 40, “Railroad Transportation.” 15 The timber-cutting and logging category also includes supervisors of forestry and logging workers. 16 Figures for separate categories may not sum to totals because of incidents involving more than one sector and categories that are not shown separately. 17 To be included in the fatality census, the incident leading to the death must have occurred within the territorial limits of one of the 50 States or the District of Columbia or within the 200-mile offshore economic zone. Incidents that occur in international airspace or waters may be included if a State, the District of Columbia, or the U.S. military issues a death certificate. Incidents occurring in a foreign country are excluded. Identifying work-related multiple fatalities T h i s a p p e n d i x e x p la i n s th e m e c h a n i c s o f i d e n tif y in g a n d r e p o r tin g w o r k - r e la t e d m u lt i p le - f a t a li t y d a ta . E a c h w o r k - r e la te d f a ta lity d a ta a n i n c i d e n t i n v o lv i n g f iv e d e c e d e n t s , f o u r o f w h o m l a t e r w e r e c o n f ir m e d a s b e in g in a w o r k s ta tu s , m ig h t a lre a d y h a v e b e e n a s s ig n e d r e c o r d th a t th e C e n s u s o f F a ta l O c c u p a tio n a l I n ju rie s ) th e c o d e “ 3 .” I n th a t e v e n t, j u r is d ic tio n s u s u a lly le a v e th e “ 3 ” o n th e p r o c e s s e s c a r r i e s a m u l t i p l e - f a t a l i t y d a ta f i e l d . T h is f i e l d is f i ll e d w i t h b l a n k s o r z e r o s f o r s i n g l e - f a ta l it y i n c i d e n ts . F o r m u lt i p le - c a s e s a s s o c ia te d w ith th is in c id e n t, e v e n t h o u g h th e r e n o lo n g e r w o u ld b e a n y c a s e s w ith th e c o d e “ 2 .” f a ta li t y in c id e n ts , e a c h j u r i s d i c t i o n p a r ti c i p a ti n g in th e ( c f o i a s s ig n s F o r p u r p o s e s o f th e a n a ly s is in th is a r tic le , th e s e c o d e s w e r e a n a tu r a l n u m b e r c o d e to e a c h f a ta lity a s s o c ia te d w ith e a c h a p p e n d e d to th e j u r is d ic tio n c o d e a n d th e y e a r in o r d e r to c r e a te c f o i p a r t i c u l a r m u lt i p le - f a t a li t y i n c i d e n t in th a t j u r i s d i c t i o n d u r i n g th a t u n iq u e c o d e s f o r e a c h m u ltip le -fa ta lity in c id e n t. N e v e rth e le s s , b e c a u s e y e a r . T h is c o d e m u s t b e u n i q u e w i t h in t h a t j u r i s d i c t i o n f o r th a t v e r y little a tte n tio n p r e v io u s ly h a d b e e n p a id to th e m u ltip le - f a ta lity y e a r . A s l o n g a s a ll w o r k f a t a l i t i e s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a n i n c i d e n t p h e n o m e n o n , a la rg e n u m b e r o f e rro rs h a d to b e a d d re s s e d . T o id e n tify c a r r y th e s a m e u n i q u e c o d e , j u r i s d i c t i o n s a r e g e n e r a ll y f r e e to th e s e e r r o r s , c a s e s w e r e s o r te d b y j u r is d ic t io n , d a te a n d t im e o f c h o o s e t h e i r n u m b e r i n g s y s te m . in c id e n t, c o u n ty o f in c id e n t, a g e o f d e c e d e n t, a n d e v e n t o r e x p o s u r e To illu s tr a te , u s u a lly j u r is d ic tio n s n u m b e r th e ir m u ltip le - f a ta lity c a te g o ry . F o r e x a m p le , f o r th o s e c a s e s w ith a m u ltip le - f a ta lity c o d e in c id e n ts o rd in a lly b y d a te . F o r e x a m p le , th e th re e fa ta litie s a s s o c ia te d th a t h a d n o c o r r e s p o n d in g a s s o c ia te d fa ta lity , e ith e r th e y h a d to b e w ith t h e f ir s t m u ltip le - f a ta lity in c id e n t in a p a r tic u la r j u r is d ic tio n in a d e le te d (c a s e s c a lle d “ o r p h a n s ” ) o r m a tc h in g c o d e s h a d to b e a s s ig n e d g iv e n y e a r m ig h t b e a s s ig n e d th e c o d e “ 1 th e tw o a s s o c ia te d w ith th e to th e a s s o c ia te d f a ta lity o r fa ta litie s th a t w e r e m is s in g th e m (c a s e s n e x t s u c h in c id e n t m ig h t in itia lly h a v e b e e n a s s ig n e d th e c o d e “ 2 ,” e x c e p t th a t t h e ju r is d ic tio n la te r a s c e r ta in e d t h a t o n e o f th e d e c e d e n ts c a lle d “ w id o w s ” ). S o m e tim e s , b lo c k s o f c a s e s h a d to b e d is e n ta n g le d b e c a u s e ju r is d ic t io n s h a d a s s ig n e d th e s a m e c o d e to c a s e s f r o m w a s n o t in a w o r k s ta tu s a n d d e le te d th e “ 2 .” B y th is tim e , h o w e v e r , d if f e r e n t m u ltip le - f a ta lity in c id e n ts . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review O ctober 2004 37 Public Sector Employment Employment in the public sector: two recessions’ impact on jobs Government employment surged during the 2001 recession only to fall victim to prolonged budget shortfalls afterwards; compared with the 1990s recession and aftermath the 2001 recession itself had less of an effect on government employment, but the postrecessionary period was more difficult , , Julie Hatch Julie Hatch is an economist in the Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics. E-maii: hatch.julie@bls.gov 38 ince 1939, the public sector has increased its share of nonfarm em ploym ent by 3 percentage points.1Overall, 1 out of every 6 jobs in the nonfarm economy is now in govern ment. The 2001 recession affected Federal, State, and local governments in various ways. The largest sector, local government, was influenced the least, although a reduced rate of employment growth was evident in both 2003 and the first half o f2004. State government employment, the most cyclical in na ture, peaked months before Federal Government, but well after total private employment. The Federal Government created a new agency in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on September 11,2001, while the U.S. Postal Service felt the brunt of the recession and continued experiencing financial difficulties. Growth in employment during and after the latest recession contrasts sharply with employment growth in the 1990-91 recession and subsequent recovery. Total private payroll employment peaked in December 2000, but job growth in government boosted total nonfarm employment. The tide turned, however, when construction and information em ploym ent peaked in M arch 2001. Strength in government and in a handful of private service providing industries (financial activities, health services, and leisure and hospitality) was not enough. Coinciding with the U.S. business cycle peak declared by the National Bureau of Economic Research, total nonfarm employment peaked in March 2001 and then declined until August 2003.2 The so-called jobless recovery of the 1990 S Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 recession became the period of comparison. The labor market continued to remain weak after the recession ended in March 1991, even as other parts of the economy gained momentum.3In fact, nonfarm employment remained relatively flat and did not recover until early 1993. Despite the “jobless” epithet, the labor market fared better following the 1990s recession than following the 2001 recession. (See chart 1.) Payrolls grew by 876,000 jobs 21 months after the end of the 1990s recession, compared with 1,082,000jobs lost 21 months after the 2001 recession ended. Employment slowly started to recover in September 2003. Compared with employment in private industry, government employment fared better during the later recession, but faltered after it ended. In order to get a better understanding of how the 2001 recession was different from the earlier one, this article examines employment in each com ponent of government, along with total nonfarm employment, total private employment, and govern ment employment as a whole. The latest reces sionary period and recovery is compared with the 1990s recession and the subsequent recovery and expansion. Each level of government works with certain rules and agendas that can influence how a recession affects employment. The Federal Government does not work under a balancedbudget constraint, so it can incur deficits. Broad issues such as national security, infrastructure, international relations, and social welfare are the Federal G overnm ent’s primary concern. State governments represent the agendas o f the 50 C h a rt 1. E m p lo y e e s o n total p rivate a n d g o v e rn m e n t p ayrolls, 1990-2004 Index Index 1989 = 100 1989 = 100 States and the District of Columbia. By law, States must have a balanced budget each fiscal year. Local governments, which include those of cities and counties, are often in charge of implementing directives issued from Federal and State govern ments. Like State governments, localities also must balance the budget each fiscal year. Government During the 2001 recession, government gained nearly 400,000 jobs, a sharp contrast to the 72,000 jobs lost during the 1990s recession. (See table 1.) However, the job losses during the earlier recession were due mostly to the laying off of in termittent decennial census enumerators and not economic changes in the industry. Excluding Census effects, govern ment employment continued to grow during the 1990s re cession and subsequent recovery.4 The growth came from State and local payrolls. (See chart 2.) In 1993, the Federal Government began to reduce its civilian employment, while other industries added jobs. The only sector besides State and local governm ent to gain jobs at such a rapid pace throughout both recessions was private education and health services. Even though government employment continued to grow during the 2001 recession, the momentum gained during the 1990s boom https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis began to wear off. The public sector continued to add jobs, but at a reduced pace, until employment peaked in February 2003. Govern ment reduced payrolls by 97,000 between the peak and June 2004, reflecting job losses in Federal Government. Federal Government. O pposing em ploym ent trends in Federal Governm ent resulted in flatness during the 2001 recession. Small employm ent declines in the U.S. Postal Service offset small gains elsewhere in the Federal sector. Excluding the Postal Service, Federal Government gained an average 2,000 jobs per month during the recession. In 2002, the hiring of Transportation Security Administration workers outweighed job losses associated with the Postal Service. Federal employment peaked in March 2003 and then declined by 73,000 over the next 15 months. The terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, affected life in the Nation in profound ways. The U.S. Government’s response included the form ation of the D epartm ent of H om eland Security, which combined a multitude of existing Federal agencies with a new agency, the Transportation Security Administration ( t s a ).5 The mission of the TSA is to protect U.S. transportation systems. Initially, the main mission of the agency was overseeing the federalization of airport security. Over the course of 2002, the tsa went from an agency with 13 employees to one with 64,000, most of whom were responsible Monthly Labor Review O ctob er 2004 39 Public Sector Employment Employment in selected industries during the 1990 and 200 1 recessions, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] 1991 re c e s s io n Industry July 1990 M arch 1991 2001 re ce ssio n Change P ercen t change M arch 2001 N ovem ber 2001 Change P ercen t change Total n o n fa rm ................. Total private.................... 109,773 91,213 108,542 90,054 -1,231 -1,159 -1.1 -1.3 132,507 111,564 130,871 109,535 -1,636 -2,029 -1.2 -1.8 Construction ........................... M anufacturing......................... Financial activities.................. Professional and business s e rv ic e s ............................... Education and health s e rv ic e s ............................... 5,274 17,704 6,628 4,881 17,141 6,602 -393 -563 -26 -7.5 -3.2 -.4 6,864 16,931 7,798 6,782 15,821 7,844 -82 -1,110 46 -1.2 -6.6 .6 10,899 10,705 -194 -1.8 16,764 16,098 -666 ^t.O 11,000 11,381 381 3.5 15,465 15,869 404 2.6 G overnm ent............................ 18,560 18,488 -72 -.4 20,943 21,336 393 1.9 3,274 3,095 -179 -5.5 2,754 2,756 2 .1 2,448 826 2,277 818 -171 -8 -7.0 -1.0 1,876 878 1,893 864 17 -14 .9 -1.6 4,320 1,732 4,359 1,761 39 29 .9 1.7 4,851 2,061 4,977 2,174 126 113 2.6 5.5 F ed e ra l................................. Federal government, except U.S. Postal S e rv ic e ....... U.S. Postal S e rv ic e ........... S ta te .................................... State government education State government, ex cluding ed u cation............ L o c a l.................................... Local government education Local government, excluding education....................... 2,588 2,598 10 .4 2,790 2,803 13 .5 10,966 5,919 11,034 5,971 68 52 .6 .9 13,338 7,430 13,603 7,561 265 131 2.0 1.8 5,047 5,064 17 .3 5,908 6,042 134 2.3 for passenger and baggage screening.6As a result, nonpostal Federal employment increased by 76,000 that year, but job losses started in 2003. (See table 2.) A year after reaching a peak in March 2003, the Federal Government, excluding the Postal Service, lost about 50,000 jobs. The most recent decline in employment follows the post recession pattern established during the decade of the 1990s, when Federal Government employment decreased by 11.5 percent. The end of the Cold War ushered in a new era, and between 1991 and 2000, the Department of Defense cut about 200,000 civilian jobs from its payroll. (See table 3.) The manu facturing portion of defense, shipbuilding and repairing, followed suit. Between 1991 and 1995, shipbuilding shed almost two-thirds of its workers, and employment flattened out during the last half of the decade. Excluding the Postal Service, Department of Defense, hos pitals, and shipbuilding, the industry titled “other Federal Governm ent” lost jobs during the 1990s due to structural changes. Part of the decline may have been defense related, as establishments owned by the Department of Defense, such as military base commissionaires, are classified into that residual category.7 Equally noteworthy was the effort to reduce and outsource large portions of Federal Government operations throughout the 1990s.8As a result, “other Federal Government” lost nearly 200,000 jobs during the period. In sharp contrast, Postal Service employment behaved in a more cyclical manner. (See chart 3.) The U.S. Postal Service 40 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 faced difficult problems during fiscal year 1991 as overall mail volume declined for the first time in 15 years. Fiscal year 1992 was not much better, with mail volume barely increasing.9 Employment was adversely affected by the drop in mail volume, and after declining for several years, it reached a trough in November 1992. As demand for postal services grew, the agency expanded its workforce; however, productivity gains in the latter half of the decade led to slower growth and, eventually, small workforce reductions that continued into the new decade. Overall, the Postal Service had a net gain o f78,000jobs through out the 1990s. Many factors converged to keep employment in the Postal Service on its downward trend. The events of September 11 had an impact on mail delivery in the short term as the Federal Aviation Administration suspended commercial aircraft flights, forcing the Postal Service to switch the delivery of mail from air to surface transportation.10 While the terrorist attacks and later concerns regarding the mailing of biological agents altered the normal day-to-day operations of the Postal Service, they did not influence the trend of small employment declines through attrition. The agency’s finances were affected by the lackluster economy as mail volume fell. Even though the Postal Rate Commission’s recommendation of a 3-cent increase for a firstclass stamp was approved and went into effect on June 30,2002, job losses did not abate.11 The Postal Service also continued its quest for efficient automation in its m ail-sorting plants. Technology, too, plays a role in communication. E-mail is C h a rt 2. E m p lo y e e s o n Fe d e ra l, State, a n d lo c a l g o v e rn m e n t p ayrolls, 1990-2004 Index Index 1989 = 100 1989 = 100 not the only alternative to conventional mail service that is chipping away at the Postal Service’s traditional costumer base: an estimated 35 million people now pay their bills online, further reducing the need to utilize the U.S. mail system.12In fact, other Federal agencies have actively encouraged electronic cor respondence. The Internal Revenue Service, for example, has vigorously promoted its E-filing system to taxpayers, and 12 percent more returns were filed through E-file in 2004 than in 2003.13As e-commerce has expanded across the U.S. economy, employment in the Postal Service has declined. On average, 2,000 jobs per month have been lost since April 1999. State government. Not only did employment in State government continue to grow during the latest recession, but it did so at a faster pace: from December 1999 until March 2001, States added 6,000jobs to payrolls each month, but during the recession, they added 16,000 jobs per month. Education accounted for 90 percent of State employment growth during the recession, similar to the 70 percent that it fueled from 1997 through the end of the decade. During that period, enrollment in public degree-granting institutions increased after several years of declines.14 Employment in State government, like that of the Postal Service, is more cyclical in nature. State government’s revenue https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis growth tends to lag the national economic cycles by several months, due to delays in tax collections and withholdings. In fiscal year 1991, monetary shortfalls forced 28 States to cut budgets, and even following the official end of the recession in March 1991, 35 States cut their fiscal-year 1992 budgets after they had been passed.15 Similarly, State employment trends lagged the overall national employment cycle. For example, total nonfarm employment reached a trough in May 1991, whereas State government employment did not slow down significantly until the third quarter of 1991, when 41,000 jobs were lost. The lag was even more pronounced during the most recent downturn: State government employment peaked 17 months after total nonfarm employment, and 80,000 State jobs were lost during the next 11 months. Due mainly to strength in education, State Government employment continued to grow for several months after the 2001 recession ended. There are several reasons that State education employment grew so fast during that recession. First, colleges and universities still had a substantial amount of money from donations and endowments that resulted from capital gains related to the stock market. Second, people have a tendency to turn to education instead of entering the labor market when hiring is sluggish. Finally, another temporary boom to the Monthly Labor Review O ctob er 2004 41 Public Sector Employment Employment in selected industries, December 2001 to June 2004, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] Change Leve l 2002 Industry December 2001 D ecem ber D ecem ber 2002 2003 June 2004 N um ber 2003 P ercen t N um ber P e rce n t 2004 (number) Total nonfarm ................. Total p riv a te ................... 130,659 109,312 130,096 108,501 130,035 108,491 131,258 109,730 -563 -811 -0.4 -.7 -61 -10 0.0 .0 1,223 1,239 C o n stru c tio n ........................... M anufacturing......................... Financial a ctiv itie s.................. Professional and business s e r v ic e s .............................. Education and health services.. 6,787 15,702 7,833 6,695 14,899 7,904 6,774 14,324 7,981 6,911 14,393 8,049 -92 -803 71 -1.4 -5.1 .9 79 -575 77 1.2 -3.9 1.0 137 69 68 16,087 15,920 15,881 16,401 16,159 16,731 16,457 16,897 -206 481 -1.3 3.0 278 330 1.8 2.0 298 166 G ove rn m en t............................ -16 21,347 21,595 21,544 21,528 248 1.2 -51 -.2 F e d e ra l................................. Federal Government, except U.S. Postal S e rv ic e ......... U.S. Postal S e r v ic e ........... 2,744 2,771 2,720 2,716 27 1.0 -51 -1.8 -A 1,886 858 1,962 809 1,929 791 1,931 785 76 -49 4.0 -5.8 -33 -17 -1.7 -2.1 2 -6 State .................................... State government education State government, excluding education......................... 4,992 2,186 5,026 2,250 5,027 2,286 5,004 2,258 34 63 .7 2.9 1 36 .0 1.6 -23 -28 L o c a l.................................... Local government education Local government, excluding education......................... 2,806 2,776 2,741 2,746 -30 -1.1 -35 -1.3 5 13,611 7,577 13,798 7,696 13,797 7,687 13,808 7,695 187 118 1.4 1.6 -1 —9 .0 -.1 11 8 6,033 6,103 6,110 6,113 70 1.2 7 .1 3 industry was the fact that aid received from States was based on budgets passed before the recession. The weakening economy eventually caught up with State colleges and universities. State schools receive fiscal assistance from a variety of sources that were affected by the lackluster economy. School endowments shrank as the stock market lost ground. Donors who were once willing to give generous amounts either withdrew their donations from higher education or limited them to lower amounts.16 Even as fundraising became more difficult for colleges and universities, State legislatures voted to reduce aid; funding for higher education is usually one of the first budget items cut when the economy turns downward.17 In response, State colleges and universities raised tuition to make up some of the difference. Several State schools raised tuition in mid-2002 for the spring semester, something that had not happened since the early 1990s.18 During the 2003-04 school year, 49 States increased tuition after several of them already had done so the previous year.19Schools also used several other measures to make ends meet, such as limiting or curtailing enrollment, adding more students per class, reducing course options, cutting back on library hours and services, and accept ing more out-of-State students, who pay higher tuition rates than in-State students.20 During all this time, employment in State education responded to the outside stimulus. Even though the recession ended during the 2001-02 school year, education employment continued to grow at a healthy pace, as it did during the 1990s recession. 42 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 However, when colleges and universities started back up in the fall of 2002, they did so with 35,000 fewer jobs (seasonally adjusted).21 When the school year came to a close in July 2003, employment was little changed from the September level. It appears that the measures taken by the public colleges and universities to strengthen their financial pictures shored up employment. The June 2004 employment level was about equal to that of June 2002. In contrast, after the 1990 recession, education employment continued to grow until March 1995, when it declined for 2 years and 38,300 jobs were lost. This mid decade slump was felt elsewhere in State government also. Employment in State government, excluding education, re sponded to the 2001 recession the fastest of any government sector. The recession did not affect State tax collections immediately. Changes in income are usually felt at least 6 months before personal and corporate taxes are collected. In addition, nonwithholding income tax revenues, which result from items such as capital gains, are collected by States on a lagged basis.22 The faltering economy did eventually have an impact on State tax revenues. Adjusted for the effects of legislation and inflation, revenues collected during the third quarter o f2001 declined by 4.6 percent, compared with revenues collected the year before. A similar decline was evident in the first quarter of 1991, when the yearover-year change in quarterly State tax revenue was 5.0 percent.23 Employment in State government, excluding education, was not immediately affected by the 2001 recession. Initially, States relied on several standard budget adjustment tools, such as Table 3. Post-1990-recession employment in selected industries and annual rates of change, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] Change Fo u rth -q ua rte r a v e ra g e s Industry 1991 1999 Level P e rce n t Total n o n fa rm ................................................ Total p riv a te .................................................. 108,263 89,643 130,242 109,744 21,979 20,101 20.3 22.4 C o n stru c tio n .......................................................... M anufacturing........................................................ Financial activ itie s................................................. Professional and business s e rv ic e s ..................... Education and health se rv ic e s .............................. 4,662 16,958 6,524 10,743 11,679 6,679 17,278 7,671 16,292 14,910 2,017 320 1,147 5,549 3,231 43.3 1.9 17.6 51.7 27.7 G ove rn m en t........................................................... 18,620 20,498 1,878 10.1 F e d e r a l............................................................... Federal, except U.S. Postal S e rv ic e ............... Federal ship building and repairing1............. Federal hospitals1 ........................................ Department of Defense1............................... U.S. Postal S e r v ic e ......................................... Other Federal government1.......................... 3,127 2,319 60 235 699 808 1,314 2,768 1,882 23 219 516 886 1,122 -359 -437 -37 -16 -183 78 -192 -11.5 -18.8 -61.7 —6.8 -26.2 9.7 -14.6 S t a t e .................................................................. State government ed u catio n........................... State government, excluding ed u catio n......... State hospitals1............................................ State government general administration1.... Other State government1 ............................. 4,354 1,774 2,580 417 1,670 474 4,757 2,018 2,739 345 1,862 515 403 244 159 -72 192 41 9.3 13.8 6.2 -17.3 11.5 8.6 L o c a l.................................................................. Local government education........................... Local government, excluding ed u catio n......... Local government utilities1........................... Local government transportation1................ Local hospitals1............................................ Local government general administration1.... Other local government1 .............................. 11,139 6,008 5,132 232 199 656 3,281 695 12,972 7,212 5,760 224 228 624 3,756 861 1,833 1,204 628 16.5 20.0 12.2 -3.4 14.6 -4.9 14.5 23.9 -8 29 -32 475 166 1 Data are not seasonally adjusted. across-the-board cuts, rainy-day funds, and the reorganization of programs to shore up their budgets and, therefore, em ployment.24 But these solutions were not enough to overcome tax revenues that continued to fall. State noneducation employment peaked in December 2001, a month after the recession officially ended. Similarly, excluding education, State employment had peaked 1 month before the 1991 recession ended. The current picture contrasts sharply with the 1990s postrecession period. At the end of 1991, State employment, excluding education, started to recover and continued to grow, until peaking in January 1995. (See chart 4.) The 2001 recession affected this sector the fastest and hardest of any government sector.25 Once the recession ended, the problems for States only got worse. By the second quarter of 2004, em ployment had fallen to the levels of early 2000, although employment had been relatively unchanged since July 2003. The budget problems that became apparent in fiscal year 2001 eventually developed into the worst financial situation in 60 years. Thirty-seven States cut their budgets by the cumulative sums of $12.6 billion and $14.5 billion in fiscal years 2002 and 2003, respectively. Additional methods used https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis to balance budgets included employee layoffs, early retire ments, reduced aid for higher education and localities, and other measures.26 Budgets had started to improve slightly by the third quarter of 2003, coinciding with the improved labor market picture.27Even though fiscal conditions improved for fiscal year 2004, they fell short of prerecession levels, as did employment for the same period. Local government. Like State government, local government added jobs at a faster pace during the recession. In 2001, local government employment grew by 2.9 percent, compared with an average of 2.1 percent for the previous 5 years. During the recession itself, localities gained 33,000 jobs per month, split equally between the education and noneducation components. Growth during the 1990s recession had not been as robust, but strength in education allowed local government to expand employment by 68,000. Education continued to fuel job growth in local government throughout the 1990s, with approximately 2 out of every 3 new jobs created in education. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools grew 14 percent from the fall of 1990 to the fall of 1999.28Local education is the largest component industry Monthly Labor Review O ctob er 2004 43 Public Sector Employment C h a rt 3. E m p lo y e e s o n F e d e ra l ( e x c e p t U.S. Postal S e rv ice ) a n d U.S. Postal S e rv ic e payrolls, 1990-2004, s e a s o n a lly a d ju ste d Federal (except in thousands usps , in thousands usps ), 1,000 900 800 700 1990 No te: C h a rt 4. 9 1 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 0 1 02 03 600 04 S h a d e d a re a s d e n o te re c e s s io n s . E m p lo y m e n t in State g o v e rn m e n t, e x c lu d in g e d u c a tio n , s e a s o n a lly a d ju ste d d a ta , in d e x e d to the start of the re ce ssio n Index Index 1 04 - 103 1 02 1 01 1oo 99 98 97 -1 2 - 1 0 - 8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Months relative to the start of recession 44 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 96 within government (see chart 5) and typically adds a noteworthy number of jobs each year. Education was not the only growth industry in local govern ment. More than half a million jobs were created in local administration during the 1990s. The residual industry, other local government, which includes components such as libraries, recreation and park authorities, cem eteries, and housing authorities, was the fastest-growing industry. Overall, local government gained almost 2 million jobs during the decade. The delayed impact of the 2001 recession on local government resulted in job gains. Local governments have a wealth of revenue sources, some more dependent on economic conditions than others. Revenue sources such as sales and income taxes and fees for services are more likely to be affected by both positive and negative changes in economic activity. Property tax, in contrast, weathers economic storms better, creating a short-term safe harbor for localities.29During the 2001 recession, the healthy housing market raised the value of residential real estate. Localities in turn reassessed properties, boosting their property tax bases without actually raising tax rates. In addition, cities receive funding from State governments. Because re cessionary effects did not have an impact on State budgets immediately, local governments were affected on a lagged basis. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Cities operate on balanced-budget requirements, so they usually try to end the fiscal year with a surplus, which can then be used as revenue for the next year or can be set aside in anticipation of an upcoming economic downturn. According to a survey administered by the National League of Cities, the ending balance as a percentage of expenditures in 2001 was at the highest point, 19.1 percent, since the series began in 1985.30 It is important to remember that many cities end their fiscal year on June 30 or September 30. Thus, the financial impact of the terrorist attacks on September 11,2001, would likely be more apparent in fiscal year 2002. The strength in the ending balances is mirrored in the positive employment situation for local government during 2001. The trickle-down effect slowed the impact of the recession on local governments, but eventually, the weak economy took its toll on budgets and payrolls. From 1977 to 2004, Federal aid to cities declined from 15 percent to 5 percent of total city revenues. In addition, aid from States was reduced $2.3 billion in fiscal year 2004 from fiscal year 2003, a sharp contrast to the past, when downturns were marked by a slowing rate of revenue growth, not an actual reduction in revenue.31 Localities took various m easures in response to reduced funding. For exam ple, according to the National League of Cities, nearly half of the 328 cities surveyed in 2003 increased fee rates, 30 percent reduced city employment, 29 percent imposed new fees or charges on services, 21 percent reduced actual levels of capital spending, and 11 percent reduced city service levels.32 The deteriorating fiscal conditions eventually affected employment. During 2002, half as many jobs were added in local government as were added in 2001, and by 2003 growth had come to a standstill. Excluding education, growth in local employment slowed from 2.5 percent in 2001 to 0.1 percent in 2003. During the first half of 2004, employment was essentially unchanged. In addition to budget woes, localities faced new challenges as a result of the terrorist events of September 11. W hen the terrorism alert becomes elevated, police and other security personnel are stationed at crucial or vulnerable locations. According to the U.S. Conference of Mayors, the total cost of Code Orange to all localities combined is around $70 million per week.33In response, Congress added to the Department of Homeland Security funding bill a provision to help fund first-responder programs.34 Another Federal mandate also challenged local governments. The Federal role in education has been limited by the Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and most education policy is decided at the State and local levels. However, on January 8, 2002, the No Child Left Behind Act o f2001 was signed into law. The Act redefines the Federal role in primary education and is grounded on four basic principles: stronger accountability for results, increased flexibility and local control, expanded options for parents, and an emphasis on teaching methods that have been proven to work.35Funding for the new law has become an Monthly Labor Review O ctob er 2004 45 Public Sector Employment important issue. According to a study performed by the National Conference of State Legislatures, there was a shortfall of alm ost $10 billion in fiscal year 2004 between the amount Congress was authorized to give and the amount that was appropriated.36 Besides the added costs of implementing the Act, the States’ budget crises had a detrimental effect on local education employment. From 1990 until 2001, local education averaged an employment increase of 147,000 a year. But during 2002, schools added 118,200 jobs, and by 2003, growth in local education came to an abrupt halt. (See chart 6.) Local education employment has remained relatively flat since the start of the 2003-04 academic year and has not been this weak since the early 1980s, coincidentally with two reces sionary periods. Governm ent C h a rt 6. em plo ym ent grew d u r in g the 2001 with most components performing much better than in the 1990s recession. Several factors made the latest post recession period different from any other. The terrorist attacks of September 11 led to the creation of the TSA within the Federal government, but, at the same time, strained the budgets of States and localities. The worst State fiscal crisis in decades affected not only State government employment, but local employment as well. Unfunded Federal mandates for additional security and education put further burdens on State and local governments. Technological improvements in mail sorting and a shift in how Americans communicate forced the U.S. Postal Service to reduce employment. Offsetting higher costs of doing business and reduced funding, the strong housing market boosted property values and enabled localities to collect more property tax revenue without raising rates. □ r e c e s s io n , E m p lo y m e n t in lo c a l g o v e rn m e n t e d u c a t io n , o v e r -th e -y e a r c h a n g e , 1990-2003, s e a s o n a lly a d ju ste d In thousands In thousands 250 250 200 200 1 50 1 50 1 00 - 100 50 -5 0 1990 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 -5 0 Notes 1 Data on employment used in this article are from the Current 2 For information on recessions, recoveries, the National Bureau of Employment Statistics ( ces) program, which surveys 160,000 nonfarm Economic Research Business Cycle Dating Committee, and related businesses representing about 400,000 establishments monthly. For topics, see http://www.nber.org/cycles/main.html. more information on the program’s concepts and methodology, see 3 Gross domestic product grew 2.6 percent in the second quarter of BLS Handbook o f Methods (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1997). ces data 1991 and increased every quarter until the third quarter of 2000. The are available on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/ces/. Data used in U.S. Department o f Commerce’s Bureau o f Economic Analysis prothis article are seasonally adjusted unless otherwise noted. 46 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis O ctober 2004 duces estimates of gross domestic product; for more information, visit the agency’s website at http://www.bea.gov/bea/dn/home/ 16 Greg Winter, “Charitable Giving Falls for First Time in Years,” The New York Times, Oct. 27, 2003. gdp.htm. 17 National Association of State Budget Officers, 2002 State expend iture report', on the Internet at www.nasbo.org. 4 Intermittent decennial census workers are excluded from the analysis because their large, infrequent buildup and subsequent layoff skews the underlying employment trend. For more information about the 2000 Decennial Census and its impact on c e s employment, see Laura Kelter, “Counting the counters: effects of Census 2000 on employment,” Monthly Labor Review, February 2000, pp. 24—29; on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2000/02/art2full.pdf. 5 For more information on the Department of Homeland Security, see www.dhs.gov. 6 For more inform ation on the Transportation Security Administration, see www.tsa.gov. 7 Department of D efense operations that operate under nonappropriated funding are excluded from the agency’s job numbers, but are included in the “other Federal Government” category. Nonappropriated funds are funds generated by Department of Defense military and civilian personnel and their dependents and are used to augment funds appropriated by the Congress “to provide a com prehensive, morale-building welfare, religious, educational, and recreational program designed to improve the well-being of military and civilian personnel and their dependents“ (quote cited on the Internet at h ttp ://u sm ilita ry .a b o u t.eo m /lib ra ry /g lo ssa ry /n / blglossary.htm). 8 The N ational Partnership for R einventing Government, formerly the Government Performance and Results Act, focused on performance and funding in the Federal Government. According to one source, “This effort has streamlined the Government work force, eliminated obsolete programs and agencies, empowered its employees to cut red tape, and used partnerships to get results” (FY2002 Eco nom ic O utlook, H ighlights fro m FY 1994 to F Y 2001, FY 2002 Baseline Projects, Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President of the United States, January 2001), available on the Internet at http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/. 9 The Federal Government’s fiscal year runs from October 1 to September 31. (See “History of the U.S. Postal Service”; on the Internet at http://www.usps.eom/history/his3_5.htm#CHANGE. 10 United States Postal Service Annual Report 2001', available on the Internet at h ttp ://w w w .usp s.com /history/an rp t01/. 11 “Sluggish Economy and Reduced Mail Volumes Continue to Impact Postal Service Finances,” Postal News, Apr. 9, 2002, release no. 02-024; on the Internet at www.usps.gov. 12 Jefferson Graham, “The check is not in the mail,” USA Today, Mar. 25, 2004; on the Internet at http://ww w.usatoday.com / m oney/perfi/generaI/2004-03-25-billpay_x.htm . 13 For more information, visit the website www.irs.gov. 14 D ig est o f E duca tio n S ta tistic s 2002 (U .S. Department o f Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Nov. 24, 2003), Chapter 3, “Postsecondary Education.” A copy o f the report is available on the Internet at http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/ d02/ch_3.asp. 15 National Association of State Budget Officers, Fact Sheet: Quick Rebound? State F iscal Recovery Could Be Gradual, Lag National Economy 12-18 Months, Mar. 12, 2002. Forty-six states begin their fiscal years in July and end them in June. The exceptions are Alabama and Michigan, with an October-to-September fiscal year; New York, with an April-to-March fiscal year; and Texas, with a September-toAugust fiscal year. For more information, visit the association’s website, www.nasbo.org. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 18 Liz Sidoti, “Yikes! Mid-Year Tuition Hikes,” Jan. 8, 2002; on the Internet at CBSNEW S.com . 19 “Tuition up in 49 states as schools, students struggle in tough times,” USA Today, Aug. 25, 2003. 20 For more information about public colleges’ and universities’ decisions, see Shaun Bishop, “Cuts may force uc to accept more outof-State students,” The D aily B ruin O nline, Sept. 26, 2003; Amy Argetsinger, “Colleges’ Chief Suggests Enrollment Cap,” Washington Post, June 11, 2003; and Mary Beth Marklein, “Colleges brace for bigger classes and less bang for more bucks,” USA Today, Aug. 27, 2003. 21 State education unadjusted fall buildup begins in August and ends in November. 22 National Association of State Budget Officers, Fact Sheet: Quick R ebound? 23 Data are from Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government Revenue Report Database; on the Internet at http://rockinst.org. 24 National Association of State Budget Officers, Budget Shortfalls: Strategies fo r Closing Spending and Revenue Gaps, 3d ed., December 2002 . 25 Although U.S. Postal Service employment declined by 1.6 percent during the recession, job losses were mostly the result of technological improvements and not the recession. 26 National Association o f State Budget Officers and the National Governors Association, The F iscal Survey o f States: June 2003', on the Internet at www.nasbo.org. 27 “State Tax Revenue Continues Slow Improvement,” The Rocke feller Institute State Fiscal News, vol. 4, no. 1. 28 D igest o f Education Statistics 2002 (Department o f Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Nov. 24, 2003), Chapter 2, “Primary and Secondary Education”; a copy of the report is available on the Internet at http://nces.ed.gov/progams/digest/d02/ch_2.asp. 29 Chris Hoene, “History, voters not kind to property tax,” The Weekly, posted on the Internet on May 14, 2001, at www.nlc.org. 30 Michael A. Pagano and Christopher Hoene, “Survey Summary: City Fiscal Conditions Decline for First Time in a Decade”; on the Internet at National League of Cities website, www.nlc.org. 31 Chris Hoene and Michael Pagano, “States Cut $2.3 Billion in Aid to Cities and Towns”; on the Internet at the National League of Cites website, www.nlc.org. 32 “Cities Cut Services, Increase Fees to Confront Worsening Fiscal Squeeze,” press release, the National League of Cities, Nov. 30, 2003. 33 Richard S. Dunham, ed., “America’s Cities are Seeing Red over Code Orange,” Business Week, June 9, 2003, p. 55. 34 For more information, visit the Department of Homeland Security website at www.dhs.gov. 35 For more information, visit the Department of Education website at www.ed.gov. 36 National Conference of State Legislatures, Task Force Formed to Examine Federal No Child Left Behind Act, Mar . 30, 2004; on the internet at www.ncsl.org. Monthly Labor Review O ctob er 2004 47 Precis Earning less, rationally Workers sometimes change employers to get higher wages. True enough, but there are also cases where workers earn less in new jobs. Some of these cases involve workers who involuntarily left their old job and only take a lower-paying job after being unable to find anything at their old wage level. But what about those cases involving workers who voluntarily leave higher-paying jobs for low er-paying ones? One idea is that workers accept lower wages in a new job if it is an entry-level position in a career that will eventually allow them to earn more than they would ever earn in their previous occupation. For example, a teacher might leave teaching and work as an accountant, even if that meant earning less in the new occupation for the first few years. In Econom ic Commentary (p u b lished by the Federal Reserve Bank of C leveland), P eter R upert puts forth an o th er h y p o th esis to ex p lain why workers trade higher-paying jobs for low er-paying ones. “I t’s not alw ays about the money,” is his conclusion. Wages are only part of a jo b ’s “value” for a worker. Besides wages, a worker also obtains “amenities” from a job: intangible benefits such as the enjoyment of a good workplace environment, pleasant working conditions, a certain cachet, or some other je ne sais quoi. Employers offer various combinations of wages and amenities. In doing so, they find that it’s possible to trade off one for the other. In other words, it’s not ne cessary to offer both high wages and all the amenities. This trading off between wages and amenities is called “compen sating differentials.” Workers, continually learning about the wages and amenities of various jobs, move from one job to another. Their goal is to maximize both the wages and the amenities they accrue over their working lives. A worker’s ideal job would be one 48 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 with high wages and the worker’s pre ferred amenities. But such a job is hard to find. Thus, at one point in their lives workers might give up amenities in order to earn higher wages. At some other time, they might do the opposite; the accountant becomes a teacher. Thinking about a jo b ’s value in terms of both wages and amenities leads to the observation that income alone can be a misleading measure of things such as the quality of life or well-being on the job. W hether com paring individuals who live across town or across oceans, job characteristics other than wages should also be considered. Time stress and its causes In “Stressed out on four continents: Time crunch or yuppie kvetch?” (National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper Series) Daniel S. Hamermesh and Jungin Lee take an economic approach to explain time stress and its causes. The authors propose an econom ic function depicting households maximizing their utility in the face of some time con straint. The results show that the binds of the time constraint, that is, time stress, increases along with increases in income. The authors test their hypothesis by looking at measures of time stress from surveys of working couples in Australia, Canada, Germany, Korea, and the United States. Reports of time stress were more common in high-income, two-income families. Analysis shows that additional hours of work do generate additional time stress, but also, when hours of work are held constant, increases in time stress are also associated with increases in income. The same result was seen in all five countries, but was strongest in North America. Why should this be? After all, no matter what a p erso n ’s income may be, the num ber o f hours in a week rem ains constant— 168. Part of increased time stress might be the stress that comes with high-paying occupations. But not all of the increase can be attributed to these factors. The authors ask if this is time crunch or kvetch (complaining). And their answer isn’t too far from saying that oftentimes cases of time stress are basically cases of too much money and not enough time to spend it. The more money one has, the more demands there are on one’s time. As the authors say, “Time stress is analogous to poverty... One is a lack of time, the other, a lack of money.” The authors observe that busy life styles of the economically comfortable should be seen as more of a blessing, evidence of the myriad of options and opportunities that are available to those who can afford them. The paper goes on to show that time stress will probably increase over time. Future higher standards of living will mean more opportunities for people to buy and do more, and this will cause increased feelings of missing something when there isn ’t tim e enough to try everything. They close with the observation that while answering “crunch or kvetch?” is a matter of values, it may be more ethical to direct public sympathy (itself a scarce commodity) to those who suffer from the “goods constraint” than those for whom the “time constraint” is the problem— that’s the economist’s way of saying the poor instead of the financially well-off. We are interested in your feedback on this column. Please let us know w h at you h av e fo u n d m o st in te re s tin g and w h at e ss e n tia l readings we may have missed. Write to: Executive Editor, Monthly Labor Review, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D C , 20212, or e-mail, mlr@bls.gov. Book Reviews A history of econom ics The Ordinary Business o f Life: A His tory o f Economics from the Ancient World to the Twenty-First Century. By Roger E. Backhouse. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2002, 369 pp., $55/cloth. Roger Backhouse, in his book, The Or dinary Business o f Life, explains that economics does not have a founder be cause people have always thought about id ea s we th in k o f as e c o n o m ic s. Throughout history people have probed how social economic policy might im prove the lot of humankind. The book pursues the origins of eco nomic theory through a wide range of intellectual history. As various schools of economic thought construct diver gent views of history, this book provides economists with an idea of how each theory fits into the big g er p icture. Backhouse emphasizes that ethical pre suppositions undergird m odern eco nomics as much as they did Homeric poetry and the Old Testament. Because economic ideas are an integral compo nent of culture, the history of econom ics must touch on the histories of reli gion, theology, philosophy, mathemat ics, and science. The author begins with a description of economic thought in the Mediterranean cultures and then examines the effects of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Prosper ity in H om er’s age (c. 850 B.C.) meant a well-ordered estate. The people of the Periclean Age (479 to 431 B.C.) engaged in profit-making activities, like commodity speculation that we now associate with a commercial society. Plato (429-347 B.C.) recommended a just society organized on rational principles. The origin of the word econom ics com es from a book titled Oikonomikos (meaning household man agement), written by Xenophon (430-354 B.C.) in which he explains how a prosper ous agricultural estate is the result of skilled organization. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis The destruction of the Greek citystates actually resulted in the promul gation of Greek mathematics, science, and philosophy to the rest of the world. The Roman Empire (27 B.C. to 312 A.D.) articulated significant economic ideas in their commercial law, and the concept of Reasonableness, coming from Greek Stoicism, was found widely in Roman legislation. Judaic and Christian ideals greatly influenced the M iddle Ages that fol lowed the Fall of Rome. In Judaism, “There was ... a clear distinction be tween the pursuit of w ealth...and the wealth that arose through following G od’s commands.” During the Middle Ages, Christianity exalted poverty as the highest expression of humility, but while w orking to educate the people and spread Christianity, Charlemagne, in the early 800s, urged better farming meth ods and set up money standards to en courage commerce. The 9th century was the dark age of Christian Europe. Muslims controlled most of Spain. The Vikings dominated the north. Yet Christian Europe survived, primarily because of monastic cells and feudalism. The combination of highly disciplined religious orders with military power provided the basis for the Euro pean resurgence. At the developing universities of the 12th century, scholars formulated ideas to guide society based on Biblical prin ciples, Aristotelian ideas, and Natural Law (moral principles common to all). New lines of inquiry opened up in the 14th and 15th centuries when rational argument combined with traditional the ology. The rise of Protestantism in the 16th century was a significant factor of economic growth in England and the Netherlands; and, more and more, natu ral law (moral principles) replaced can non law. Machiavelli’s The Prince in the early 16th century departed from politics based on moral laws to politics distinct from morality altogether. In the 17th cen tury, the c o n tra d ic to ry p a ssio n s Machiavelli described came to be known as “interests.” Academics in the early 17th century were looking for a firm foundation on which knowledge could rest indepen dent of the church. Bacon and Descartes offered what they believed to be a better foundation for truth— namely, experi mental science and a set of self-evident mathematical truths. The Royal Society, chartered in 1662, laid down procedures for how to conduct experiments and re port results. William Petty (1623-87), a pioneer in viewing economic phenomena from a quan titativ e p ersp ectiv e, estim ated England’s wealth in terms of land, labor, and capital. Josiah Child and John Locke, also in the 17th century, exam ined monetary economics, analyzing the relationship between money supply and price level. The 18th century E n lig h ten m en t owed greatly to the scientific revolution th a t em b o d ied a b e lie f in reaso n , progress, liberty, and tolerance. The sci entific revolution was a worldview shift. Mechanical laws that governed the uni verse discovered by Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, Descartes, and Newton, led to humanism, thus reducing God to a di vine clock-maker who merely set the universe in motion. Morality came to be linked to utilitarianism. Mercantilism— an economic policy that promoted the use of state power to build up industry, to maintain a surplus of exports over imports, and to accumu late large amounts of precious metals— prevailed in Europe from the 15 th to the 18th centuries. The man often regarded as the founder of modern economics, Adam Smith (1723-90), denounced mer cantilism. He argued that self-interest led to efficient use of resources and public welfare (the Invisible Hand). Backhouse mentions that Adam Sm ith’s emphasis on the im p o rta n c e o f a c a p ita lis t society’s secure framework of law, m o rality, and property rights is an essen tial lesson for reformers moving from Monthly Labor Review O ctob er 2004 49 Book Reviews socialism to capitalism (for example, the former Soviet republics). Smith’s ideas became the basis of socalled classical political economy, which placed doctrinaire laissez-faire at one end and Ricardian socialism at the other. Arnold Toynbee (1852-83) believed that ethics could not be separated from eco nomics, inspiring a generation of Oxford students to pursue economic science from the vantage point of improving eco nomic conditions for the common man. In the early 20th century, the central figure in economics was Knut Wicksell of Sweden, who developed a business cycle theory by describing the relation ship between money, credit, and prices. The boon of the 1920s set the stage for the Great Crash. Acknowledging the in adequacy o f the dominant pre-war theo ries to ex p lain the D epressio n and searching for guidelines to avoid an o th e r, e c o n o m ists e x a m in e d K nut W icksell’s business cycle. In Austria, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek translated W icksell’s ideas into a monetary theory of the business cycle, advocating non-government interven tion and a policy of ‘neutral’ money. In contrast, Swedish Erik Lindahl (and oth ers) b a se d th e ir in te rp re ta tio n o f W icksell’s theory on expectations about the future and prom oted governm ent spending and monetary policy to reduce unemployment. In England, thinking about money and the business cycle was rooted in the work of Alfred and Mary Marshall (1842—1924 and 1850-1944, respectively). They believed, similar to Lindahl, that “The chief cause of ... [Depression] is want of confidence.” Among M arshall’s followers was John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946). Keynes’ General Theory provided enormous stimulus to the idea that government should take responsi bility for controlling economic activity. K eynes’ theory of economics largely dominated the field because it provided a framework that could be translated into 50 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis very versatile mathematical models. A n u m b er o f eco n o m ists in te rp re te d Keynes’ ideas through a system of equa tions. The most influential of these was John Hicks with the IS-LM model. John Hicks, in 1940, introduced the equation that has become the cornerstone of na tional-income accounting: GNP = C + 1 + G He also restated the General-Equilib rium Theory in modem terms (introduced in the late 19th century), which came to be the central theoretical framework in the 1940s and 1950s. During World War II, estimates of national income became formal systems of national accounts, leading to the first standard system of national accounts in 1953. The next year, Kenneth Arrow and G erard D ebreu published im proved proof of the existence of general equilib rium. Questions their theory left unan swered were resolved in game theory (originally put forward by John von Neumann in the 1920s), which proved there will always be an equilibrium. Econometric models brought together Keynesian economics and national-in come accounting, and Lawrence Klein’s large-scale macroeconometric models were used greatly for forecasting in the 1960s and 1970s. Paul Sam uelson’s theory of public goods (one person can benefit without reducing the benefits to another) fit well in the 1960s belief that the government should intervene at the macroeconomic level. Confidence in the econometric approach was strengthened with the advent of computers and renewed inter est in game theory. The Keynesian consensus concern ing employment factors was overturned with Milton Friedman’s work on the natu ral rate of unemployment. This led to New Classical Economics of the 1970s— an explanation of the economy in terms of continuous market clearing, rational ex pectation, and the “real business cycle” based on “real” shocks to the economy, primarily shocks to technol- O ctober 2004 ogy. Also in the 1970s, economists fo cused on the study of law and econom ics, public-choice theory, property rights, and transaction costs. Over the years, the distinction has lessened between macro and microeconomics, and econo mists continue to look for a framework within which to resolve economic theo retical differences. The question of the place of math ematics in economics is a major theme of the book. Doubts about the mathematization of economics have gone in cycles. At the end of the 19th century, Jevons and Walras maintained that economics was inherently m athem atical. Carl Menger objected to mathematical eco nomics, which he maintained was able only to show the relationship between quantities, not the essence of economic phenomena. Alfred Marshall, in his dis cussion of supply and demand and a money-based theory of utility, was also skeptical of mechanical explanations of economic change. The author points out that the goal of using econometric tech niques and empirical data to build eco nomic theory has never really been ac complished and that key economic as sumptions are, and always have been, based on their being intuitively rational. Schumpeter in the 1940s claimed there was no logical order to the jumble of a p p lie d fie ld s o f ec o n o m ic s, and Backhouse declares that this is still the case— except that each of the fields in creasingly relies on a theoretical core; and that, because of that theoretical core, one might say economists speak differ ent dialects of a shared language. T h ro u g h o u t his sto ry , R o g er Backhouse illuminates the human side of economics, showing how the eco nomic sciences have never veered sig nificantly from the goal of finding a way to improve the human condition. — Ellen Messing Consumer Price Computer Systems, Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Labor Statistics Notes on labor statistics 52 Comparative indicators 1. L a b o r m a r k e t i n d i c a t o r s ........................................................................ 3 0 . E m p l o y m e n t C o s t I n d e x , c o m p e n s a ti o n ...................................... 9 4 3 1 . E m p l o y m e n t C o s t I n d e x , w a g e s a n d s a l a r i e s ......................... 9 6 65 2 . A n n u a l a n d q u a r te r ly p e r c e n t c h a n g e s in c o m p e n s a ti o n , p r i c e s , a n d p r o d u c t i v i t y ............................... 3 2 . E m p l o y m e n t C o s t I n d e x , b e n e f i ts , p r i v a t e i n d u s t r y .......... 97 3 3. E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x , p riv a te n o n fa rm w o rk e rs, 66 3 . A l t e r n a ti v e m e a s u r e s o f w a g e s a n d c o m p e n s a ti o n c h a n g e s ...................................................................... Labor compensation and collective bargaining data 66 b y b a r g a i n in g s ta tu s , r e g io n , a n d a r e a s i z e ........................... 98 3 4 . P a r t ic i p a n t s in b e n e f i t p la n s , m e d i u m a n d la r g e f i r m s ....... 99 3 5 . P a r t ic i p a n t s in b e n e f its p la n s , s m a ll f ir m s a n d g o v e r n m e n t ..................................................................................... 1 0 0 3 6 . W o r k s to p p a g e s i n v o lv in g 1 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e .............. 101 Labor force data Price data 4 . E m p l o y m e n t s t a tu s o f th e p o p u l a t i o n , s e a s o n a lly a d j u s t e d ............................................................................ 67 5 . S e l e c t e d e m p l o y m e n t in d ic a to r s , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ............................................................................ 68 3 7 . C o n s u m e r P r ic e In d e x : U .S . c ity a v e r a g e , b y e x p e n d i t u r e c a t e g o r y a n d c o m m o d i ty a n d s e r v i c e g r o u p s ...................... 102 3 8 . C o n s u m e r P r i c e I n d e x : U .S . c ity a v e r a g e a n d 6 . S e l e c t e d u n e m p l o y m e n t in d ic a to r s , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ............................................................................ 69 lo c a l d a ta , a ll i t e m s .............................................................................. 105 3 9 . A n n u a l d a ta : C o n s u m e r P r i c e I n d e x , a ll ite m s 7 . D u r a t io n o f u n e m p l o y m e n t , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ............................................................................ 69 8 . U n e m p lo y e d p e r s o n s b y r e a s o n f o r u n e m p lo y m e n t, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ............................................................................ 70 9 . U n e m p lo y m e n t r a te s b y s e x a n d a g e , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ............................................................................ 70 10. U n e m p lo y m e n t r a te s b y S ta te s , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ............................................................................ 71 1 1 . E m p l o y m e n t o f w o r k e r s b y S ta te s , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ............................................................................ 71 12. E m p l o y m e n t o f w o r k e r s b y in d u s tr y , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ............................................................................ 72 13. A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s b y in d u s tr y , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ............................................................................ 75 a n d m a j o r g r o u p s .................................................................................. 1 0 6 40. Producer Price Indexes by stage of processing ....................... 107 4 1 . P r o d u c e r P r i c e I n d e x e s f o r th e n e t o u t p u t o f m a j o r i n d u s tr y g r o u p s ..................................................................................... 108 4 2 . A n n u a l d a ta : P r o d u c e r P r ic e I n d e x e s b y s ta g e o f p r o c e s s i n g ...................................................................... 109 4 3 . U .S . e x p o r t p r ic e in d e x e s b y S t a n d a r d I n t e r n a ti o n a l T r a d e C l a s s i f i c a t i o n ........................................................................... 1 1 0 4 4 . U .S . i m p o r t p r ic e in d e x e s b y S t a n d a r d I n t e r n a ti o n a l T r a d e C l a s s i f i c a t i o n ........................................................................... 111 4 5 . U .S . e x p o r t p r i c e in d e x e s b y e n d - u s e c a t e g o r y ....................... 1 1 2 4 6 . U .S . import price indexes by end-use category ...................... 113 4 7 . U .S . i n te r n a tio n a l p r i c e i n d e x e s f o r s e le c te d c a te g o r ie s o f s e r v i c e s ......................................................................... 113 14. A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s b y in d u s tr y , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ............................................................................. 76 15. A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s b y i n d u s t r y ............................................ 77 16. A v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s b y i n d u s t r y .......................................... 78 17. D i f f u s i o n i n d e x e s o f e m p l o y m e n t c h a n g e , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ............................................................................ 4 8 . I n d e x e s o f p r o d u c tiv ity , h o u r l y c o m p e n s a ti o n , 79 18. J o b o p e n in g s le v e ls a n d r a te s , b y i n d u s tr y a n d r e g io n s , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ............................................................................... 5 0 . A n n u a l i n d e x e s o f p r o d u c tiv ity , h o u r ly c o m p e n s a ti o n , 80 5 1 . A n n u a l i n d e x e s o f o u t p u t p e r h o u r f o r s e le c t u n i t c o s ts , a n d p r i c e s ........................................................................ 1 1 6 2 0 . S e p a r a t io n s le v e ls a n d r a te s b y i n d u s tr y a n d r e g io n , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ................................................................................ i n d u s t r i e s ................................................................................................... 1 1 7 81 2 1 . Q u i t s le v e ls a n d r a te s b y in d u s tr y a n d r e g io n , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ................................................................................ a n d u n i t c o s ts , d a ta s e a s o n a lly a d j u s t e d ............................... 1 1 4 4 9 . A n n u a l in d e x e s o f m u lt i f a c to r p r o d u c t i v i t y .............................. 115 80 19. H ir e s l e v e ls a n d r a te s b y in d u s tr y a n d r e g io n , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d ................................................................................ Productivity data 81 International comparisons data 82 5 2 . U n e m p lo y m e n t r a te s in n in e c o u n tr ie s , 84 d a ta s e a s o n a lly a d j u s t e d .................................................................. 5 3 . A n n u a l d a ta : E m p l o y m e n t s ta tu s o f th e c iv ilia n w o r k i n g - a g e p o p u l a t i o n , 1 0 c o u n t r i e s .................................... 2 2 . Q u a rte rly C e n su s o f E m p lo y m e n t a n d W ag es, 10 l a r g e s t c o u n t i e s ............................................................................... 2 3 . Q u a r t e r l y C e n s u s o f E m p l o y m e n t a n d W a g e s , b y S ta te 2 4 . A n n u a l d a ta : Q u a r t e r l y C e n s u s o f E m p l o y m e n t a n d W a g e s , b y o w n e r s h i p .............................................................. 85 121 5 4 . A n n u a l i n d e x e s o f p r o d u c ti v i ty a n d r e la te d m e a s u r e s , 2 5 . A n n u a l d a ta : Q u a r te r ly C e n s u s o f E m p lo y m e n t a n d W a g e s , e s t a b l i s h m e n t s iz e a n d e m p l o y m e n t , b y s u p e r s e c t o r ... 120 86 12 c o u n tr i e s ............................................................................................. 122 2 6 . A n n u a l d a ta : Q u a r t e r l y C e n s u s o f E m p l o y m e n t a n d Injury and Illness data W a g e s , b y m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a ........................................................ 87 2 7 . A n n u a l d a ta : E m p l o y m e n t s ta tu s o f th e p o p u l a t i o n .......... 92 2 8 . A n n u a l d a ta : E m p l o y m e n t le v e ls b y i n d u s t r y ........................ 92 5 5 . A n n u a l d a ta : O c c u p a t io n a l i n ju r y a n d illn e s s 93 i n c id e n c e r a t e s .......................................................................................... 123 5 6 . F a ta l o c c u p a ti o n a l in ju r ie s b y e v e n t o r e x p o s u r e ................... 125 2 9 . A n n u a l d a ta : A v e r a g e h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s le v e l, b y i n d u s t r y .............................................................................................. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review O ctober 2004 51 Notes on Current Labor Statistics T h is s e c ti o n o f th e Review p r e s e n t s th e p r i n in d e x n u m b e r o f 150, w h e re 19 8 2 = 100, c ip a l s t a ti s t i c a l s e r i e s c o l l e c t e d a n d c a l c u t h e h o u r l y r a te e x p r e s s e d in 1 9 8 2 d o l la r s is International Comparisons o f Unemployment, B u l l e t i n 1979. la te d b y th e B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s : $ 2 ($ 3 /1 5 0 x 100 = $ 2 ). T h e $ 2 (o r a n y o th e r s e rie s o n la b o r fo rc e ; e m p lo y m e n t; u n e m re s u ltin g v a lu e s ) a re d e s c rib e d a s “ r e a l,” p l o y m e n t ; l a b o r c o m p e n s a ti o n ; c o n s u m e r , “ c o n s t a n t , ” o r “ 1 9 8 2 ” d o lla r s . tiv ity ; i n te r n a t i o n a l c o m p a r is o n s ; a n d i n ju r y Occupa tional Injuries and Illnesses in the United States, by Industry, a B L S a n n u a l b u l le t in . F i n a ll y , th e Monthly Labor Review c a r Sources of information lo w , t h e d a t a in e a c h g r o u p o f t a b l e s a r e r i e s a n a l y t ic a l a r ti c l e s o n a n n u a l a n d l o n g e r b r i e f l y d e s c r i b e d ; k e y d e f i n i t i o n s a r e g iv e n ; D a t a t h a t s u p p l e m e n t th e ta b l e s in th is s e c n o t e s o n t h e d a t a a r e s e t f o r th ; a n d s o u r c e s t io n a r e p u b l i s h e d b y th e B u r e a u in a v a r i o f a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t io n a r e c ite d . e ty o f s o u r c e s . D e f i n it i o n s o f e a c h s e r ie s a n d n o t e s o n t h e d a t a a r e c o n ta i n e d in l a t e r s e c tio n s o f t h e s e N o t e s d e s c r i b i n g e a c h s e t o f General notes D e t a i l e d d a ta o n t h e o c c u p a ti o n a l in ju r y a n d ill n e s s s e r i e s a r e p u b l i s h e d in p ro d u c e r, a n d in te rn a tio n a l p ric e s ; p ro d u c a n d i ll n e s s s t a ti s t i c s . I n t h e n o t e s t h a t f o l t io n a l c o m p a r is o n s d a ta , s e e te r m d e v e l o p m e n t s in l a b o r f o r c e , e m p l o y m e n t, a n d u n e m p lo y m e n t; e m p lo y e e c o m p e n s a t i o n a n d c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n in g ; p r ic e s ; p r o d u c tiv ity ; in te r n a tio n a l c o m p a r is o n s ; a n d i n ju r y a n d ill n e s s d a ta . d a ta . F o r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s o f e a c h d a ta s e r ie s , s e e b l s T h e f o l l o w i n g n o t e s a p p ly to s e v e r a l t a b l e s in t h is s e c tio n : Handbook o f Methods, B u l l e tin 2 4 9 0 . U s e r s a ls o m a y w i s h to c o n s u l t Symbols Major Programs o f the Bureau o f Labor Sta tistics, R e p o r t 9 1 9 . N e w s r e l e a s e s p r o v i d e n .e .c . = a n d q u a r t e r l y d a t a a r e a d ju s te d to e li m in a t e t h e l a t e s t s t a ti s t i c a l i n f o r m a t io n p u b l is h e d n .e .s . = th e e f f e c t o n th e d a t a o f s u c h f a c t o r s a s c l i b y th e B u r e a u ; t h e m a j o r r e c u r r i n g r e le a s e s p = m a tic c o n d itio n s , in d u s try p ro d u c tio n a r e p u b l i s h e d a c c o r d in g to th e s c h e d u le a p p e a r i n g o n th e b a c k c o v e r o f th is i s s u e . Seasonal adjustm ent. C e r ta i n m o n th l y s c h e d u le s , o p e n in g a n d c l o s in g o f s c h o o l s , h o l id a y b u y i n g p e r io d s , a n d v a c a ti o n p r a c p l o y m e n t , a n d u n e m p l o y m e n t d a t a a n d th e a ti o n o f th e s t a ti s t i c a l s e r ie s . T a b le s c o n t a i n in g d a t a t h a t h a v e b e e n a d ju s te d a r e i d e n t i h o u s e h o ld a n d e s ta b lis h m e n t su rv e y s u n d e r l y in g th e d a t a a r e a v a i l a b l e in th e B u r e a u ’s fie d as “ s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d .” m o n th ly p u b lic a tio n , ( A ll o t h e r Employment and d a t a a r e n o t s e a s o n a l l y a d ju s te d .) S e a s o n a l Earnings. H i s t o r i c a l e f f e c ts a r e e s t i m a t e d o n th e b a s i s o f c u r r e n t a lly a d j u s t e d d a ta f r o m th e h o u s e h o l d s u r a n d p a s t e x p e rie n c e s . W h e n n e w se a so n a l v e y a r e a v a i l a b l e o n th e I n te r n e t: r = s e n t a t i v e b u t i n c o m p l e t e r e tu r n s , r e v i s e d . G e n e r a l l y , t h is r e v i s i o n r e fle c ts th e a v a ila b ility o f la te r d a t a , b u t a ls o m a y r e f l e c t o t h e r a d ju s tm e n ts . u n a d ju s te d a n d s e a s o n Comparative Indicators fa c to rs a re c o m p u te d e a c h y e a r, re v is io n s http ://w w w.bls.gov/cps/ m a y a ffe c t s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d d a ta fo r s e v e ra l p re c e d in g y e a rs. H i s t o r i c a l ly c o m p a r a b l e u n a d ju s te d a n d s e a S e a s o n a ll y a d ju s te d d a ta a p p e a r in t a b le s n o t e l s e w h e r e s p e c if i e d . p r e li m in a r y . T o i n c r e a s e t h e t i m e lin e s s o f s o m e s e r i e s , p r e l i m i n a r y fig u re s a re is s u e d b a s e d o n re p re M o r e i n f o r m a t io n a b o u t l a b o r f o r c e , e m tic e s , w h i c h m ig h t p r e v e n t s h o r t - t e r m e v a l u n o t e ls e w h e r e c la s s if i e d , ( T a b le s 1 - 3 ) s o n a lly a d ju s te d d a ta f r o m th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s u r v e y a ls o a r e a v a i l a b l e o n th e I n te r n e t: C o m p a ra tiv e in d ic a to rs ta b le s p r o v id e a n 1 - 1 4 , 1 7 - 2 1 , 4 8 , a n d 5 2 . S e a s o n a lly a d http ://www .bls.gov/ces/ j u s t e d l a b o r f o r c e d a ta in t a b l e s 1 a n d 4 - 9 A d d i t io n a l i n f o r m a t io n o n l a b o r f o r c e d a ta tis ti c a l s e r ie s . C o n s e q u e n tl y , a lt h o u g h m a n y w e r e r e v i s e d in th e F e b r u a r y 2 0 0 4 is s u e o f t h e Review. S e a s o n a ll y a d j u s t e d e s t a b l i s h f o r a r e a s b e lo w th e n a ti o n a l l e v e l a r e p r o o f th e i n c l u d e d s e r i e s a r e a v a i l a b l e m o n th ly , Geographic Profde o f Employment and Unemployment. p r e s e n t e d q u a r te r ly a n d a n n u a lly . F o r a c o m p r e h e n s iv e d i s c u s s i o n o f th e E m p l o y m e n t C o s t I n d e x , s e e Employment p l o y m e n t m e a s u r e s f r o m tw o m a j o r s u r v e y s m e n t s u r v e y d a ta s h o w n in t a b l e s 1, 1 2 - 1 4 , a n d 17 w e r e r e v i s e d in t h e M a r c h 2 0 0 4 view. Re A b r ie f e x p la n a tio n o f th e s e a s o n a l v i d e d in th e bls o v e r v ie w a n d c o m p a r i s o n o f m a j o r a n n u a l re p o rt, bls sta a ll m e a s u r e s in t h e s e c o m p a r a t i v e t a b l e s a r e Labor m arket indicators i n c l u d e e m a d j u s t m e n t m e t h o d o l o g y a p p e a r s in “ N o te s o n th e d a t a . ” Cost Indexes and Levels, 1975-95, B L S R e v i s i o n s in t h e p r o d u c t i v i t y d a t a in t a b l e 5 4 a r e u s u a l ly i n tr o d u c e d in th e S e p E m p l o y e e B e n e f i t s S u r v e y a p p e a r in th e f o l C o s t I n d e x (E C l) p r o g r a m . T h e l a b o r f o r c e lo w i n g B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a ti s t i c s b u l le t in s : p a r t i c i p a t i o n r a te , th e e m p l o y m e n t - p o p u l a t e m b e r is s u e . S e a s o n a ll y a d ju s te d i n d e x e s j o r d e m o g r a p h ic g r o u p s b a s e d o n t h e C u r m e ro u s C o n s u m e r a n d P ro d u c e r P ric e I n Employee Benefits in Medium and Large Firms; Employee Benefits in Small Private Establishments; a n d Employee Benefits in State and Local Governments. d e x s e r ie s . H o w e v e r , s e a s o n a l l y a d ju s te d i n M o r e d e ta i le d d a ta o n c o n s u m e r a n d p r o a n d a v e ra g e w e e k ly h o u rs b y m a jo r in d u s d e x e s a r e n o t p u b l i s h e d f o r th e U .S . a v e r d u c e r p r i c e s a r e p u b l is h e d in th e m o n th l y a g e A l l - I t e m s C P I. O n l y s e a s o n a l l y a d ju s te d p e r c e n t c h a n g e s a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r t h is s e r ie s . The CPI Detailed Report a n d Producer Price Indexes. F o r a n o v e r v i e w o f A djustm ents for price changes. S o m e t h e 1 9 9 8 r e v is io n o f th e C P I, s e e th e D e c e m d a ta . T h e E m p l o y m e n t C o s t I n d e x ( c o m p e n s a t io n ) , b y m a j o r s e c t o r a n d b y b a r g a i n i n g s ta tu s , is c h o s e n f r o m a v a r ie ty o f b l s a n d p e rc e n t c h a n g e s fro m m o n th -to -m o n th a n d q u a rte r-to -q u a rte r a re p u b lis h e d fo r n u B u l a n d i n f o r m a t io n o n r a t e s o f c h a n g e in c o m l e tin 2 4 6 6 . T h e m o s t r e c e n t d a t a f r o m th e p e n s a tio n p r o v id e d b y th e E m p lo y m e n t p e rio d ic a ls , t io n r a ti o , a n d u n e m p l o y m e n t r a t e s f o r m a r e n t P o p u la tio n (“ h o u s e h o ld ” ) S u rv e y a re p re s e n te d , w h ile m e a s u re s o f e m p lo y m e n t tr y s e c to r a r e g i v e n u s i n g n o n f a r m p a y r o ll Monthly Labor Re c o m p e n s a tio n a n d w a g e m e a s u re s b e c a u s e d a ta o n in te r n a t i o n a l p r ic e s a p p e a r in m o n th l y n e w s r e le a s e s . e m p lo y e r c o s ts fo r h irin g la b o r, n o t ju s t a r e m a d e b y d i v i d i n g c u r r e n t - d o l l a r v a lu e s L is ti n g s o f i n d u s t r ie s f o r w h i c h p r o d u c o u t l a y s f o r w a g e s , a n d i t is n o t a f f e c t e d b y th e C o n s u m e r P r i c e I n d e x o r th e a p p r o t iv i t y in d e x e s a r e a v a i l a b l e m a y b e f o u n d o n t h e I n te r n e t: b y e m p lo y m e n t sh ifts a m o n g o c c u p a tio n s a n d in d u s trie s . http://ww w.bls.gov/lpc/ D a t a o n c h a n g es in co m p e n sa tio n , prices, and productivity a r e p r e s e n t e d in d a ta — s u c h a s t h e “ r e a l ” e a r n i n g s s h o w n in b e r 1 9 9 6 issu e o f th e t a b l e 14— a r e a d j u s t e d to e li m in a t e th e e f f e c t o f c h a n g e s in p r i c e . T h e s e a d ju s tm e n ts view. A d d i t io n a l p r i a t e c o m p o n e n t o f th e in d e x , t h e n m u l t i p l y i n g b y 1 0 0 . F o r e x a m p l e , g iv e n a c u r r e n t h o u r l y w a g e r a t e o f $ 3 a n d a c u r r e n t p r ic e 52 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis F o r a d d it i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n o n i n t e r n a October 2004 it p r o v id e s a c o m p r e h e n s iv e m e a s u r e o f t a b l e 2 . M e a s u r e s o f r a te s o f c h a n g e o f c o m n o t w o rk d u rin g th e s u rv e y w e e k , b u t w e re x -12 p e n s a t i o n a n d w a g e s f r o m th e E m p l o y m e n t a v a ila b le fo r w o rk e x c e p t fo r te m p o ra ry ill la b o r fo r c e d a ta a n d th e e f f e c t s th a t it h a d C o s t I n d e x p r o g r a m a r e p r o v i d e d f o r a ll c i n e s s a n d h a d lo o k e d fo r jo b s w ith in th e p r e o n th e d a ta . v i li a n n o n f a r m w o r k e r s ( e x c l u d i n g F e d e r a l c e d i n g 4 w e e k s . P e r s o n s w h o d i d n o t lo o k A t th e b e g i n n i n g o f e a c h c a l e n d a r y e a r , a n d h o u s e h o l d w o r k e r s ) a n d f o r a ll p r i v a t e f o r w o r k b e c a u s e th e y w e r e o n l a y o f f a r e a ls o h i s t o r ic a l s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d d a t a u s u a l ly n o n f a r m w o r k e r s . M e a s u r e s o f c h a n g e s in c o u n te d a m o n g th e u n e m p lo y e d . The unem ploym ent rate r e p r e s e n t s th e n u m b e r u n e m a re re v is e d , a n d p ro je c te d s e a s o n a l a d ju s t c o n s u m e r p r i c e s f o r a ll u r b a n c o n s u m e r s ; p r o d u c e r p r i c e s b y s ta g e o f p r o c e s s i n g ; o v e r p l o y e d a s a p e r c e n t o f th e c iv ilia n l a b o r f o r c e . th e J a n u a r y - J u n e p e r io d . T h e h i s t o r ic a l s e a civilian labor force c o n s i s t s o f a ll s o n a l ly a d j u s t e d d a t a u s u a l ly a r e r e v i s e d f o r a ll e x p o r t a n d im p o r t p r ic e in d e x e s a re e m p l o y e d o r u n e m p l o y e d p e r s o n s in th e c i o n ly t h e m o s t r e c e n t 5 y e a r s . I n J u ly , n e w g iv e n . M e a s u re s o f p r o d u c tiv ity ( o u tp u t p e r v i li a n n o n i n s t it u t io n a l p o p u l a t i o n . P e r s o n s s e a s o n a l a d ju s tm e n t fa c to rs , w h ic h in c o rp o h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ) a re p r o v id e d f o r m a jo r not in the labor force a r e t h o s e n o t c l a s s i r a te th e e x p e r i e n c e t h r o u g h J u n e , a r e p r o s e c to rs . f i e d a s e m p l o y e d o r u n e m p lo y e d . T h is g r o u p d u c e d f o r th e J u l y - D e c e m b e r p e r io d , b u t n o A ltern a tiv e m ea su res o f w age and com pensation rates o f change, w h i c h r e in c lu d e s d is c o u ra g e d w o rk e rs , d e f in e d as r e v is io n s a r e m a d e in t h e h i s t o r i c a l d a ta . p e rs o n s w h o w a n t a n d a re a v a ila b le fo r a f l e c t th e o v e r a ll tr e n d in l a b o r c o s ts , a r e s u m jo b a n d w h o h a v e lo o k e d fo r w o rk s o m e t i o n a l h o u s e h o l d s u r v e y d a t a , c o n t a c t th e m a r i z e d in t a b l e 3 . D i f f e r e n c e s in c o n c e p ts tim e in th e p a s t 12 m o n th s ( o r s i n c e th e e n d D iv is io n o f L a b o r F o r c e S ta tis tic s : (2 0 2 ) a n d s c o p e , r e l a t e d to t h e s p e c if i c p u r p o s e s o f t h e i r l a s t j o b i f t h e y h e ld o n e w i t h in th e 6 9 1 -6 3 7 8 . o f t h e s e r i e s , c o n t r i b u t e to th e v a r i a t i o n in p a s t 12 m o n th s ) , b u t a r e n o t c u r r e n t ly l o o k c h a n g e s a m o n g t h e i n d iv i d u a l m e a s u r e s . in g , b e c a u s e t h e y b e li e v e t h e r e a r e n o j o b s The a ll p r i c e s b y s t a g e o f p r o c e s s i n g ; a n d o v e r F o r a d d it io n a l in f o r m a t io n on na Establishment survey data civilian n o n in stitu tional population c o m p r i s e s a ll p e r s o n s 16 w o u ld q u a lify . T h e f o r s e a s o n a l a d ju s t m e n t o f th e m e n t fa c to rs a re c a lc u la te d fo r u se d u rin g a v a ila b le o r th e re a re n o n e fo r w h ic h th e y Notes on the data a r im a D e scrip tio n of the series D e f i n it i o n s o f e a c h s e r i e s a n d n o t e s o n th e y e a r s o f a g e a n d o l d e r w h o a r e n o t in m a t e s d a t a a r e c o n t a i n e d in l a t e r s e c ti o n s o f t h e s e o f p e n a l o r m e n t a l i n s t it u t io n s , s a n i ta r i u m s , E m p l o y m e n t , h o u r s , a n d e a r n i n g s d a t a in n o t e s d e s c r i b i n g e a c h s e t o f d a ta . o r h o m e s f o r th e a g e d , in f ir m , o r n e e d y . T h e th is s e c tio n a re c o m p ile d fro m civilian labor force p articipation r a t e is r e c o r d s r e p o r t e d m o n th l y o n a v o l u n ta r y b a th e Employment and Unemployment Data ( T a b le s 1; 4 - 2 9 ) Household survey data p ro p o rtio n o f th e c iv ilia n n o n in s t i t u t i o n a l p o p u l a t i o n t h a t is in t h e l a b o r fo rce . T h e employment-population ratio is ta in e d fro m th e C u rre n t P o p u la tio n S u rv e y , a p r o g r a m o f p e r s o n a l in te r v i e w s c o n d u c t e d m o n th l y b y t h e B u r e a u o f t h e C e n s u s f o r th e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a ti s t i c s . T h e s a m p le c o n s is ts o f a b o u t 6 0 , 0 0 0 h o u s e h o l d s s e l e c te d to r e p r e s e n t t h e U .S . p o p u l a t i o n 16 y e a r s o f a g e a n d o ld e r . H o u s e h o l d s a r e in te r v i e w e d o n a ro ta tin g b a s is , so th a t th re e -fo u rth s o f t h e s a m p le is t h e s a m e f o r a n y 2 c o n s e c u t iv e m o n th s . s is to th e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a ti s t i c s a n d its c o o p e ra tin g S ta te a g e n c ie s by about 1 6 0 .0 0 0 b u s i n e s s e s a n d g o v e r n m e n t a g e n e m p lo y m e n t a s a p e r c e n t o f th e c iv ilia n c ie s , n o n i n s t it u t io n a l p o p u l a t i o n . 4 0 0 . 0 0 0 in d iv i d u a l w o r k s i t e s a n d r e p r e s e n t w h ic h re p re se n t a p p ro x im a te ly a ll i n d u s t r ie s e x c e p t a g r ic u lt u r e . T h e a c t i v e C E S s a m p le c o v e r s a p p r o x im a t e ly o n e - th i r d N o tes o n the d a ta o f a ll n o n f a r m p a y r o l l w o r k e r s . F r o m tim e to t im e , a n d e s p e c i a l l y a f te r a d e c e n n i a l c e n s u s , a d ju s tm e n ts a r e m a d e in th e a r e c l a s s i f i e d in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e 2 0 0 2 N o r th A m e r ic a n I n d u s t r y C l a s s i f ic a ti o n S y s te m . I n m o s t i n d u s t r ie s , t h e s a m p li n g p r o b C u r r e n t P o p u l a t i o n S u r v e y f i g u r e s to c o r a b il i ti e s a r e b a s e d o n t h e s iz e o f t h e e s t a b re c t fo r e s tim a tin g th e lis h m e n t; m o s t la rg e e s ta b lis h m e n ts a re i n te r c e n s a l y e a r s . T h e s e a d ju s tm e n ts a f f e c t t h e r e f o r e in th e s a m p le . ( A n e s t a b l i s h m e n t D e scrip tio n of the series E m p l o y m e n t d a t a in t h i s s e c t i o n a r e o b p a y ro ll e rro rs d u rin g In d u s trie s t h e c o m p a r a b i l it y o f h i s t o r ic a l d a ta . A d e is n o t n e c e s s a r i ly a f ir m ; it m a y b e a b r a n c h s c r i p ti o n o f t h e s e a d ju s tm e n ts a n d t h e i r e f p l a n t , f o r e x a m p le , o r w a r e h o u s e .) S e lf - e m f e c t o n th e v a r io u s d a ta s e r i e s a p p e a r s in th e p l o y e d p e r s o n s a n d o t h e r s n o t o n a r e g u la r Employment and c iv ilia n p a y r o ll a r e o u t s i d e th e s c o p e o f th e F o r a d i s c u s s i o n o f c h a n g e s in s u r v e y b e c a u s e th e y a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m e s t a b E x p la n a to ry N o te s o f Earnings. t r o d u c e d in J a n u a r y 2 0 0 3 , s e e “ R e v is io n s l is h m e n t r e c o r d s . T h is la r g e ly a c c o u n ts f o r to th e C u r r e n t P o p u l a t i o n S u r v e y E f f e c ti v e th e d if f e r e n c e in e m p lo y m e n t f ig u r e s b e tw e e n in J a n u a r y 2 0 0 3 ” in th e F e b r u a r y 2 0 0 3 i s th e h o u s e h o ld a n d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s u r v e y s . Employment and Earnings ( a v a i la b l e Definitions su e o f o n th e E m ployed persons i n c l u d e ( 1 ) a ll t h o s e cps/rvcps03.pdf). bls W e b s ite a t: http://www.bls.gov/ E f f e c ti v e in J a n u a r y 2 0 0 3 , w h o w o r k e d f o r p a y a n y t im e d u r i n g th e bls w e e k w h i c h i n c l u d e s t h e 1 2 th d a y o f th e in g t h e X -1 2 m o n t h o r w h o w o r k e d u n p a i d f o r 15 h o u r s g r a m to s e a s o n a lly a d ju s t n a tio n a l la b o r fo r c e o r m o r e in a f a m i l y - o p e r a t e d e n t e r p r i s e a n d d a ta . T h is p r o g r a m r e p la c e d th e X - i i (2 ) th o s e w h o w e re te m p o ra rily a b s e n t fro m p r o g r a m w h ic h h a d b e e n u s e d s in c e J a n u a ry a r im a Definitions began us s e a s o n a l a d ju s tm e n t p r o a r im a An esta b lish m e n t is a n e c o n o m i c u n i t w h ic h p ro d u c e s g o o d s o r s e rv ic e s (s u c h as a f a c t o r y o r s to r e ) a t a s i n g l e l o c a t io n a n d is t h e i r r e g u l a r j o b s b e c a u s e o f i ll n e s s , v a c a 1 9 8 0 . S e e “ R e v is io n o f S e a s o n a lly A d ju s te d e n g a g e d in o n e t y p e o f e c o n o m i c a c tiv ity . Em ployed persons a r e a ll p e r s o n s w h o tio n , in d u s t r ia l d i s p u t e , o r s i m il a r r e a s o n s . L a b o r F o r c e S e r i e s in 2 0 0 3 , ” in t h e F e b re c e iv e d p a y ( in c lu d in g h o lid a y a n d s ic k A p e r s o n w o r k i n g a t m o r e t h a n o n e j o b is ru a ry Employment and p a y ) fo r a n y p a r t o f th e p a y ro ll p e rio d in c o u n t e d o n l y in t h e j o b a t w h i c h h e o r s h e Earnings w o r k e d th e g r e a t e s t n u m b e r o f h o u r s . Unem ployed persons a r e t h o s e w h o d id at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 2003 is s u e o f W eb site c lu d i n g th e 1 2 th d a y o f t h e m o n th . P e r s o n s http:w w w .bls.gov/cps/cpsrs.pdf) f o r a h o ld in g m o re th a n o n e jo b (a b o u t 5 p e rc e n t d i s c u s s i o n o f th e i n tr o d u c t io n o f th e u s e o f o f a ll p e r s o n s in th e l a b o r f o r c e ) a r e c o u n te d ( a v a ila b le o n th e bls Monthly Labor Review October 2004 53 Current Labor Statistics in e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t w h i c h r e p o r t s th e m . s u e o f th e Review. W ith th e r e l e a s e in J u n e th ir d m o n th o f t h e i r a p p e a r a n c e . T h u s , D e 2 0 0 3 , C E S c o m p l e te d a c o n v e r s i o n f r o m th e c e m b e r d a ta a r e p u b l i s h e d a s p r e li m in a r y in d u c in g in d u s trie s c o v e r e m p lo y e e s , u p S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n (S IC ) s y s J a n u a r y a n d F e b r u a r y a n d a s f in a l in M a r c h . t h r o u g h t h e le v e l o f w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s , F o r th e s a m e r e a s o n s , q u a r te r ly e s t a b l i s h w h o e n g a g e d i r e c tl y in th e m a n u f a c t u r e o r te m to th e N o r t h A m e r ic a n I n d u s t r y C l a s s i f i c a ti o n S y s te m (N A IC S ) a n d c o m p l e t e d th e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t ’s p r o d u c t. t r a n s it i o n f r o m its o r i g in a l q u o t a s a m p le d e I n p r i v a t e s e r v i c e - p r o v i d i n g i n d u s t r ie s , d a ta s ig n to a p r o b a b i l i t y - b a s e d s a m p le d e s i g n . a re c o lle c te d fo r n o n s u p e rv is o ry w o rk e rs , T h e i n d u s t r y - c o d i n g u p d a te in c l u d e d r e c o n w h ic h in c lu d e m o s t e m p lo y e e s e x c e p t th o se s t r u c ti o n o f h i s t o r ic a l e s t im a te s in o r d e r to in e x e c u t i v e , m a n a g e r i a l , a n d s u p e r v i s o r y p r e s e r v e t im e s e r i e s f o r d a t a u s e r s . p o s itio n s . T h o s e w o r k e r s m e n t i o n e d in m a lly 5 y e a r s o f s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d d a ta a r e t a b l e s 1 1 - 1 6 i n c l u d e p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in re v is e d w ith e a c h b e n c h m a rk re v is io n . m a n u f a c tu r in g a n d n a tu ra l r e s o u r c e s a n d H o w e v e r , w i t h th is r e le a s e , th e e n ti r e n e w Production workers in th e g o o d s - p r o - N o r m in i n g ; c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s in c o n s t r u c t im e s e r i e s h i s t o r y f o r a ll tio n ; a n d n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s in a ll p r i w e r e r e - s e a s o n a l ly a d ju s te d d u e to th e v a te s e r v i c e - p r o v i d i n g i n d u s t r ie s . c o n v e r s i o n , w h i c h r e s u l te d in th e r e v is io n P ro d u c t io n a n d n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s a c c o u n t o f a ll f o r a b o u t f o u r - f if t h s o f th e to ta l e m p l o y m e n t o n p r i v a t e n o n a g r i c u l t u r a l p a y r o ll s . ces d a ta se rie s ces n a ic s t im e s e r ie s . A l s o in J u n e 2 0 0 3 , th e C E S p r o g r a m in m e n t d a ta ( t a b l e 1) a r e p r e li m in a r y f o r th e f i r s t 2 m o n th s o f p u b l i c a t i o n a n d f i n a l in t h e t h i r d m o n th . F o u r t h - q u a r t e r d a ta a r e p u b l is h e d a s p r e l i m i n a r y in J a n u a r y a n d F e b r u a r y a n d a s f i n a l in M a r c h . F o r a d d it io n a l in f o r m a t io n o n e s ta b l is h m e n t s u r v e y d a ta , c o n t a c t th e D i v i s i o n o f C u rre n t E m p lo y m e n t S ta tis tic s : (2 0 2 ) 6 9 1 -6 5 5 5 . Unemployment data by State D e scrip tio n of the series t r o d u c e d c o n c u r r e n t s e a s o n a l a d ju s tm e n t f o r E arnings a r e t h e p a y m e n t s p r o d u c t i o n th e n a ti o n a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t d a ta . U n d e r th is D a t a p r e s e n t e d in t h is s e c ti o n a r e o b t a i n e d o r n o n s u p e rv is o ry w o rk e rs re c e iv e d u rin g m e th o d o lo g y , th e f i r s t p r e li m in a r y e s t im a te s th e s u rv e y p e r io d , in c lu d in g p re m iu m p a y fo r o v e rtim e o r la te -s h ift w o rk b u t e x c lu d f o r th e c u r r e n t r e f e r e n c e m o n th a n d t h e r e f r o m th e L o c a l A r e a U n e m p l o y m e n t S t a t i s t ic s (L A U S ) p r o g r a m , w h i c h is c o n d u c t e d in in g ir r e g u la r b o n u s e s a n d o th e r s p e c ia l p a y m e n ts . R eal earnings a r e e a r n i n g s a d j u s t e d to r e f l e c t t h e e f f e c t s o f c h a n g e s in c o n s u m e r p ric e s . T h e d e f la to r fo r th is s e r i e s is d e r i v e d f r o m th e C o n s u m e r P r i c e I n d e x fo r U rb a n W a g e E a rn e rs a n d C le ric a l W o r k e r s (C P i-W ). H ours r e p r e s e n t t h e a v e r a g e w e e k l y h o u rs o f p ro d u c tio n o r n o n s u p e rv is o ry w o r k e r s f o r w h i c h p a y w a s r e c e iv e d , a n d a r e v i s e d e s t i m a t e s f o r t h e 2 p r i o r m o n th s w ill b e u p d a te d w ith c o n c u r r e n t f a c to rs w ith e a c h n e w r e le a s e o f d a ta . C o n c u r r e n t s e a M o n th ly e s tim a te s o f th e la b o r fo rc e , s o n a l a d j u s t m e n t i n c o r p o r a te s a ll a v a i l a b l e e m p l o y m e n t , a n d u n e m p l o y m e n t f o r S ta te s d a ta , in c l u d i n g f i r s t p r e li m in a r y e s t im a te s a n d s u b - S ta t e a r e a s a r e a k e y i n d i c a t o r o f f o r th e m o s t c u r re n t m o n th , in th e a d ju s tm e n t lo c a l e c o n o m i c c o n d it i o n s , a n d f o r m th e b a p r o c e s s . F o r a d d itio n a l in f o r m a tio n o n a ll o f s is f o r d e t e r m i n i n g th e e li g i b i l i t y o f a n a r e a th e c h a n g e s in tr o d u c e d in J u n e 2 0 0 3 , s e e th e f o r b e n e f i ts u n d e r F e d e r a l e c o n o m i c a s s i s J u n e 2 0 0 3 is s u e o f Employment and Earnings a n d “ R e c e n t c h a n g e s in th e n a tio n a l C u r r e n t d i f f e r e n t f r o m s t a n d a r d o r s c h e d u le d h o u r s . E m p lo y m e n t S ta tis tic s s u rv e y ,” Overtim e hours r e p r e s e n t t h e p o r t io n o f a v bor Review, Monthly La June 2003, pp. 3 -1 3 . e r a g e w e e k l y h o u r s w h i c h w a s in e x c e s s o f R e v i s i o n s in S t a t e d a t a ( t a b l e 1 1) o c r e g u l a r h o u r s a n d f o r w h i c h o v e r ti m e p r e m iu m s w e r e p a id . c u r r e d w i t h th e p u b l i c a t i o n o f J a n u a r y 2 0 0 3 The D iffusion Index r e p r e s e n t s t h e p e r d a ta . F o r i n f o r m a t io n o n th e r e v is io n s f o r th e S ta te d a ta , s e e t h e M a r c h a n d M a y 2 0 0 3 Employment and Earnings, c e n t o f i n d u s t r ie s in w h i c h e m p l o y m e n t w a s is s u e s o f r i s i n g o v e r th e i n d ic a te d p e r io d , p l u s o n e - “ R e c e n t c h a n g e s in th e S ta te a n d M e t r o p o li t a n A r e a C E S s u r v e y ,” Monthly Labor Re h a l f o f th e i n d u s t r ie s w i t h u n c h a n g e d e m p l o y m e n t ; 5 0 p e r c e n t i n d ic a te s a n e q u a l b a l c o o p e r a ti o n w i t h S ta te e m p l o y m e n t s e c u r i t y a g e n c ie s . view, J u n e 2 0 0 3 , p p . 1 4 -1 9 . B e g in n i n g in J u n e 1 9 9 6 , th e a n c e b e tw e e n in d u s t r ie s w i t h i n c r e a s in g a n d and ta n c e p ro g ra m s s u c h as th e J o b T ra in in g P a r t n e r s h ip A c t. S e a s o n a ll y a d j u s t e d u n e m p l o y m e n t r a t e s a r e p r e s e n t e d in t a b l e 1 0 . I n s o f a r as p o s s ib le , th e c o n c e p ts a n d d e f i n itio n s u n d e r ly in g th e s e d a ta a re th o s e u s e d in t h e n a t i o n a l e s t i m a t e s o b t a i n e d fro m th e c p s . N o tes o n the d a ta D a t a r e f e r to S t a te o f r e s i d e n c e . M o n t h l y d a ta f o r a ll S ta te s a n d th e D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a a r e d e r iv e d u s i n g s t a n d a r d i z e d p r o bls u s e s th e c e d u re s e s ta b lish e d b y b l s . O n c e a y e ar, d e c r e a s in g e m p l o y m e n t . I n lin e w ith B u r e a u X - 12-A R IM A m e t h o d o l o g y to s e a s o n a l l y a d p r a c t i c e , d a t a f o r t h e 1 -, 3 -, a n d 6 - m o n th j u s t e s t a b l i s h m e n t s u r v e y d a ta . T h is p r o c e t r o ls , u s u a l ly w i t h p u b l i c a t i o n o f J a n u a r y s p a n s a r e s e a s o n a l l y a d ju s te d , w h i l e t h o s e d u r e , d e v e l o p e d b y th e B u r e a u o f th e C e n e s t im a te s , a n d b e n c h m a r k e d to a n n u a l a v e r f o r th e 1 2 - m o n th s p a n a r e u n a d ju s te d . T a b le s u s , c o n tr o l s f o r t h e e f f e c t o f v a r y in g s u r age 17 p r o v i d e s a n i n d e x o n p r i v a t e n o n f a r m v e y i n te r v a l s ( a ls o k n o w n a s th e 4 - v e r s u s e m p l o y m e n t b a s e d o n 2 7 8 i n d u s t r ie s , a n d a 5 - w e e k e f f e c t) , t h e r e b y p r o v i d in g i m p r o v e d th is s e r ie s , c a ll (2 0 2 ) 6 9 1 - 6 3 9 2 ( t a b le m a n u f a c t u r i n g in d e x b a s e d o n 8 4 i n d u s tr ie s . m e a s u re m e n t o f o v e r-th e -m o n th c h a n g e s o r ( 2 0 2 ) 6 9 1 - 6 5 5 9 ( t a b l e 1 1). T h e s e in d e x e s a r e u s e f u l f o r m e a s u r i n g th e a n d u n d e r ly i n g e c o n o m i c t r e n d s . R e v is io n s d i s p e r s i o n o f e c o n o m i c g a in s o r l o s s e s a n d o f d a ta , u s u a l ly f o r th e m o s t r e c e n t 5 - y e a r a r e a ls o e c o n o m i c in d ic a to r s . p e r io d , a r e m a d e o n c e a y e a r c o in c i d e n t w ith th e b e n c h m a r k r e v is io n s . N o tes o n the d a ta I n th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s u rv e y , e s tim a te s f o r E s t a b l i s h m e n t s u r v e y d a ta a r e a n n u a l l y a d th e m o s t r e c e n t 2 m o n th s a r e b a s e d o n i n j u s t e d to c o m p r e h e n s i v e c o u n ts o f e m p l o y c o m p l e te r e tu r n s a n d a r e p u b l is h e d a s p r e m e n t ( c a l l e d “ b e n c h m a r k s ” ). T h e M a r c h lim i n a r y in th e ta b le s ( 1 2 - 1 7 in th e 2 0 0 3 b e n c h m a r k w a s i n tr o d u c e d in F e b r u a r y 2 0 0 4 w i t h th e r e l e a s e o f d a t a f o r J a n u a r y 2 0 0 4 , p u b l i s h e d in t h e M a r c h 2 0 0 4 i s W h e n a ll r e tu r n s h a v e b e e n r e c e iv e d , th e e s 54 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review). tim a te s a r e r e v is e d a n d p u b l i s h e d a s “ f i n a l ” ( p r i o r to a n y b e n c h m a r k r e v is io n s ) in th e October 2004 e s t im a te s a r e r e v is e d to n e w p o p u l a t i o n c o n cps F le v e ls . o r a d d it io n a l in f o r m a t io n o n d a t a in 10) Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages D e scrip tio n of the series E m p lo y m e n t, w a g e , a n d e s ta b lis h m e n t d a ta in t h i s s e c t i o n a r e d e r i v e d f r o m t h e q u a r te r ly ta x r e p o r ts s u b m itte d to S ta te e m p lo y m e n t s e c u rity a g e n c ie s b y p riv a te a n d S t a te a n d l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t e m p l o y e r s s u b - (ui) t y p ic a ll y a t a s in g l e p h y s i c a l l o c a t io n a n d la w s a n d fro m F e d e ra l, a g e n c ie s s u b je c t e n g a g e d in o n e , o r p r e d o m i n a n t l y o n e , t y p e t a b u l a te d i n to to t h e U n e m p l o y m e n t C o m p e n s a t i o n f o r o f e c o n o m i c a c t i v it y f o r w h i c h a s i n g l e i n w o r k s it e s o f v e r y s m a ll s i z e to t h o s e w ith j e c t to S ta te u n e m p lo y m e n t in s u r a n c e D a ta re p o rte d fo r th e f ir s t q u a rte r a re size c a t e g o r i e s r a n g i n g f r o m F e d e r a l E m p l o y e e s ( ucfe) p r o g r a m . E a c h d u s t r i a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n m a y b e a p p li e d . O c 1 ,0 0 0 q u a r t e r , S t a t e a g e n c i e s e d i t a n d p r o c e s s th e c a s io n a lly , a s in g le p h y s i c a l lo c a tio n e n c o m is d e t e r m i n e d b y th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t ’s M a r c h d a t a a n d s e n d t h e i n f o r m a t i o n to th e B u p a s s e s tw o o r m o r e d i s t i n c t a n d s i g n i f ic a n t e m p l o y m e n t le v e l. I t is im p o r t a n t t o n o te th a t r e a u o f L a b o r S ta ti s t i c s . a c t i v it i e s . E a c h a c t i v it y s h o u l d b e r e p o r t e d e a c h e s ta b lis h m e n t o f a m u lti-e s ta b lis h m e n t e m p l o y e e s o r m o r e . T h e s iz e c a t e g o r y T h e Q u a rte rly C e n s u s o f E m p lo y m e n t a s a s e p a ra te e s ta b lis h m e n t if s e p a ra te f ir m is t a b u l a t e d s e p a r a t e l y i n to th e a p p r o a n d W a g e s (Q C E W ) d a ta , a ls o r e f e r r e d a s ES- re c o rd s a re k e p t a n d th e v a rio u s a c tiv i p r i a t e s iz e c a te g o r y . T h e t o ta l e m p l o y m e n t 202 d a ta , a r e th e m o s t c o m p l e t e e n u m e r a t i o n tie s a re c la s s if ie d u n d e r d if f e r e n t le v e l o f th e r e p o r t i n g m u l t i - e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f e m p l o y m e n t a n d w a g e in f o r m a t io n b y i n f ir m is n o t u s e d in th e s iz e t a b u l a ti o n . d u s t r y a t th e n a t i o n a l , S t a te , m e t r o p o l i t a n in d u s tr ie s . M o s t e m p l o y e r s h a v e o n ly o n e e s t a b l i s h a r e a , a n d c o u n ty le v e ls . T h e y h a v e b r o a d e c o m e n t; t h u s , th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t is th e p r e d o m i to ta l n o m ic s ig n if ic a n c e in e v a l u a t i n g la b o r m a r n a n t r e p o r t i n g u n i t o r s t a ti s t i c a l e n ti t y f o r te r, r e g a r d l e s s o f w h e n th e s e r v ic e s w e r e p e r k e t tr e n d s a n d m a jo r i n d u s tr y d e v e lo p m e n ts . r e p o r t i n g e m p l o y m e n t a n d w a g e s d a ta . M o s t f o r m e d . A f e w S t a te la w s , h o w e v e r , s p e c if y e m p l o y e r s , in c lu d in g S ta te a n d lo c a l g o v e r n t h a t w a g e s b e r e p o r t e d f o r , o r b a s e d o n th e m e n ts w h o o p e ra te m o re th a n o n e e s ta b lis h p e r io d d u r i n g w h i c h s e r v i c e s a r e p e r f o r m e d m e n t in a S ta te , f i le a M u l t ip l e W o r k s ite R e r a t h e r t h a n th e p e r io d d u r i n g w h i c h c o m p o r t e a c h q u a r te r , in a d d it i o n to t h e i r q u a r p e n s a t i o n is p a id . U n d e r m o s t S t a te la w s o r Definitions I n g e n e r a l, th e Q u a r t e r l y C e n s u s o f E m p l o y ui C o v e r e d e m p l o y e r s in m o s t S ta te s r e p o r t wages p a id d u r i n g t h e c a l e n d a r q u a r r e p o r t . T h e M u l t ip l e W o r k s ite R e r e g u la ti o n s , w a g e s i n c l u d e b o n u s e s , s t o c k p o r t is u s e d to c o ll e c t s e p a r a t e e m p l o y m e n t o p t io n s , th e c a s h v a lu e o f m e a l s a n d l o d g a n d w a g e d a t a f o r e a c h o f t h e e m p l o y e r ’s w h o w o r k e d d u r i n g , o r r e c e i v e d p a y f o r , th e in g , t ip s a n d o t h e r g r a t u i t i e s , a n d , in s o m e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , w h ic h a r e n o t d e ta i le d o n th e p a y p e r i o d t h a t i n c l u d e d th e 12 t h d a y o f th e ui r e p o r t . S ta te s , e m p l o y e r c o n tr i b u t io n s to c e r t a i n d e m e n t a n d W a g e s m o n th l y e m p l o y m e n t d a ta re p re s e n t th e n u m b e r o f covered workers Covered private industry em ploy m ent i n c l u d e s m o s t c o r p o r a t e o f f i c i a l s , e x m o n th . e c u tiv e s , s u p e rv is o ry p e rs o n n e l, p ro fe s s io n a ls , c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , w a g e e a r n e r s , p i e c e w o rk e rs , a n d p a rt-tim e w o rk e rs . It e x c lu d e s p r o p r ie to r s , th e u n in c o r p o r a te d s e lf - e m p lo y e d , u n p a id fa m ily m e m b e rs , a n d c e rta in f a r m a n d d o m e s ti c w o r k e r s . C e r ta i n ty p e s o f n o n p r o f i t e m p l o y e r s , s u c h a s r e li g i o u s o r g a n i z a t i o n s , a r e g i v e n a c h o ic e o f c o v e r a g e o r e x c l u s i o n in a n u m b e r o f S t a te s . W o r k e r s in t h e s e o r g a n i z a t i o n s a r e , t h e r e f o r e , r e p o r t e d to a l im i te d d e g r e e . P e r s o n s o n p a id s i c k l e a v e , p a i d h o lid a y , p a id v a c a ti o n , a n d th e lik e , a r e in c lu d e d . P e r s o n s o n t h e p a y r o ll o f m o r e t h a n o n e f ir m d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d a r e c o u n t e d b y e a c h uis u b j e c t e m p l o y e r i f th e y m e e t t h e e m p l o y m e n t d e f i n i t i o n n o t e d e a r lie r . T h e e m p l o y m e n t c o u n t e x c lu d e s w o rk e rs w h o e a rn e d n o w a g e s d u r i n g th e e n ti r e a p p li c a b l e p a y p e rio d b e c a u s e o f w o rk s to p p a g e s , te m p o ra ry la y o f f s , i l l n e s s , o r u n p a id v a c a ti o n s . t e r ly n a ic s S o m e v e r y s m a ll m u l t i - e s t a b l i s h fe rre d c o m p e n s a tio n p la n s s u c h as 4 0 1 (k ) m e n t e m p lo y e rs d o n o t file a M u ltip le W o r k s i te R e p o r t. W h e n th e t o ta l e m p l o y p la n s . C o v e r e d e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s f o r o ld - m e n t in a n e m p l o y e r ’s s e c o n d a r y e s t a b l i s h a g e , s u rv iv o rs , a n d d is a b ility in s u ra n c e m e n ts (a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o t h e r th a n th e la r g (oasdi), h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e , u n e m p l o y m e n t i n e s t) is 1 0 o r f e w e r , th e e m p l o y e r g e n e r a ll y s u r a n c e , w o r k e r s ’ c o m p e n s a ti o n , a n d p r iv a te w ill f i le a c o n s o l i d a t e d r e p o r t f o r a ll e s t a b p e n s io n a n d w e lfa re fu n d s a re n o t re p o rte d l is h m e n t s . A ls o , s o m e e m p l o y e r s e it h e r c a n a s w a g e s . E m p l o y e e c o n t r i b u t i o n s f o r th e n o t o r w ill n o t r e p o r t a t th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t sa m e p u rp o s e s , h o w e v e r, a s w e ll a s m o n e y le v e l a n d th u s a g g r e g a te e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in to w ith h e ld fo r in c o m e ta x e s , u n io n d u e s , a n d o n e c o n s o l i d a t e d u n i t, o r p o s s ib l y s e v e r a l so fo rth , a re re p o rte d e v e n th o u g h th e y a re u n i ts , t h o u g h n o t a t th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t le v e l. d e d u c t e d f r o m th e w o r k e r ’s g r o s s p a y . F o r th e F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t , th e r e p o r t Wages o f covered Federal workers r e p installation: a s in g le l o c a r e s e n t th e g r o s s a m o u n t o f a ll p a y r o l l s f o r in g u n i t is th e t io n a t w h ic h a d e p a r t m e n t , a g e n c y , o r o t h e r a ll p a y p e r io d s e n d i n g w i t h in t h e q u a r te r . g o v e rn m e n t b o d y h a s c iv ilia n e m p lo y e e s . T h is in c lu d e s c a s h a llo w a n c e s , th e c a s h F e d e r a l a g e n c ie s f o llo w s lig h tly d i f f e r e n t c r i e q u iv a l e n t o f a n y ty p e o f r e m u n e r a t i o n , s e v te ria th a n d o p riv a te e m p lo y e rs w h e n b re a k e ra n c e p a y , w ith h o ld in g ta x e s , a n d r e tir e in g d o w n t h e i r r e p o r t s b y i n s t a l l a t i o n . T h e y m e n t d e d u c tio n s . F e d e ra l e m p lo y e e r e m u a r e p e r m i t te d to c o m b i n e a s a s i n g l e s t a te n e r a t i o n g e n e r a ll y c o v e r s th e s a m e t y p e s o f w id e u n it: 1) a ll in s ta lla tio n s w ith 10 o r f e w e r s e r v i c e s a s f o r w o r k e r s in p r i v a t e in d u s tr y . w o r k e r s , a n d 2 ) a ll i n s t a l l a t i o n s t h a t h a v e a Average annual w age p e r e m p l o y e e f o r c o m b i n e d to ta l in t h e S ta te o f f e w e r t h a n 5 0 a n y g iv e n in d u s try a re c o m p u te d b y d iv id w o r k e r s . A ls o , w h e n t h e r e a r e f e w e r t h a n 2 5 in g to ta l a n n u a l w a g e s b y a n n u a l a v e r a g e e m w o r k e r s in a ll s e c o n d a r y i n s t a l l a t i o n s in a p l o y m e n t . A f u r t h e r d i v is io n b y 5 2 y i e l d s t e r l y w a g e s s u b m i tt e d e a c h q u a r t e r to S ta te S t a te , th e s e c o n d a r y i n s t a l l a t i o n s m a y b e a g e n c i e s f o r a ll F e d e r a l i n s t a l l a t i o n s w i t h c o m b i n e d a n d r e p o r t e d w i t h th e m a j o r in a v e r a g e w e e k ly w a g e s p e r e m p lo y e e . A n n u a l p a y d a ta o n l y a p p r o x im a t e a n n u a l e a r n i n g s e m p l o y e e s c o v e r e d b y th e U n e m p l o y m e n t s ta lla tio n . L a s t, i f a F e d e r a l a g e n c y h a s f e w e r b e c a u s e a n in d iv i d u a l m a y n o t b e e m p l o y e d C o m p e n s a t i o n f o r F e d e r a l E m p l o y e e s ( ucfe) t h a n f iv e e m p l o y e e s in a S ta te , th e a g e n c y b y t h e s a m e e m p l o y e r a ll y e a r o r m a y w o r k p r o g r a m , e x c e p t f o r c e r t a i n n a ti o n a l s e c u h e a d q u a r te r s o f f i c e ( r e g i o n a l o f f ic e , d i s t r i c t f o r m o r e t h a n o n e e m p l o y e r a t a tim e . r ity a g e n c ie s , w h i c h a r e o m it t e d f o r s e c u r i t y o f f i c e ) s e r v i n g e a c h S ta te m a y c o n s o l id a t e Average weekly or annual wage is a f r e a s o n s . E m p l o y m e n t f o r a ll F e d e r a l a g e n th e e m p l o y m e n t a n d w a g e s d a ta f o r t h a t S ta te f e c t e d b y t h e r a ti o o f f u l l- t i m e to p a r t - t i m e c ie s f o r a n y g i v e n m o n th is b a s e d o n th e w i t h th e d a ta r e p o r t e d to th e S ta te in w h i c h w o r k e r s a s w e ll a s th e n u m b e r o f i n d i v i d u n u m b e r o f p e rs o n s w h o w o rk e d d u rin g o r t h e h e a d q u a r te r s is l o c a t e d . A s a r e s u l t o f a ls in h i g h - p a y i n g a n d l o w - p a y i n g o c c u p a r e c e iv e d p a y f o r th e p a y p e r io d t h a t in c lu d e d t h e s e r e p o r t i n g r u l e s , th e n u m b e r o f r e p o r t tio n s . W h e n a v e r a g e p a y le v e ls b e tw e e n t h e 12 t h o f t h e m o n th . A n establishm ent is a n e c o n o m i c u n it, in g u n its is a lw a y s la r g e r t h a n th e n u m b e r S t a te s a n d i n d u s t r i e s a r e c o m p a r e d , t h e s e o f e m p l o y e r s ( o r g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c ie s ) b u t f a c t o r s s h o u l d b e t a k e n in to c o n s i d e r a ti o n . s u c h a s a f a r m , m in e , f a c to r y , o r s to r e , t h a t s m a ll e r t h a n th e n u m b e r o f a c t u a l e s t a b l i s h F o r e x a m p le , in d u s trie s c h a ra c te riz e d by p r o d u c e s g o o d s o r p r o v i d e s s e r v i c e s . I t is m e n ts (o r in s ta lla tio n s ). h i g h p r o p o r t io n s o f p a r t- t i m e w o r k e r s w ill Federal em ploym ent data a r e b a s e d o n r e p o r t s o f m o n th l y e m p l o y m e n t a n d q u a r https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 55 Current Labor Statistics s h o w a v e r a g e w a g e le v e l s a p p r e c ia b l y le s s C h a n g e s r e s u l ti n g f r o m i m p r o v e d e m p l o y e r t h a n t h e w e e k l y p a y le v e l s o f r e g u l a r f u l l r e p o r t i n g a ls o a r e i n t r o d u c e d in t h e f i r s t t im e e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e in d u s t r ie s . T h e o p q u a r te r . p o s i t e e f f e c t c h a r a c t e r i z e s i n d u s t r ie s w i t h p e c ia lly a t m o re d e ta ile d g e o g ra p h ic le v l o w p r o p o r t i o n s o f p a r t- t i m e w o r k e r s , o r i n e ls , m a y n o t b e s tric tly c o m p a r a b le w ith e a rlie r y e a rs . d u s t r i e s th a t typically s c h e d u le heavy w eek F o r th e s e re a s o n s , s o m e d a ta , e s Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey D e scription of the series e n d a n d o v e r ti m e w o r k . A v e r a g e w a g e d a ta C o u n ty d e fin itio n s a re a s s ig n e d a c c o rd a ls o m a y b e i n f l u e n c e d b y w o r k s t o p p a g e s , in g to F e d e r a l I n f o r m a t i o n P r o c e s s i n g S t a n Job Openings and Labor Turn over Survey ( j o l t s ) a r e c o ll e c t e d a n d c o m l a b o r t u r n o v e r r a te s , r e t r o a c t i v e p a y m e n t s , d a r d s P u b l i c a t i o n s a s i s s u e d b y t h e N a t io n a l p ile d f r o m a s a m p le o f 1 6 ,0 0 0 b u s in e s s e s s e a s o n a l f a c to r s , b o n u s p a y m e n t s , a n d s o o n . I n s t i t u t e o f S t a n d a r d s a n d T e c h n o lo g y . A r t a b lis h m e n ts . E a c h m o n th , d a ta a r e c o lle c te d e a s s h o w n a s c o u n ti e s i n c l u d e t h o s e d e s i g f o r t o ta l e m p l o y m e n t , j o b o p e n in g s , h i r e s , D a ta f o r th e n a t e d a s i n d e p e n d e n t c it i e s in s o m e j u r i s q u its , la y o f f s a n d d i s c h a r g e s , a n d o t h e r s e p a N o tes o n th e d a ta d i c t i o n s a n d , in A l a s k a , t h o s e a r e a s d e s i g r a tio n s . T h e n o n f a r m e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s u c h a s f a c t o r ie s , B e g i n n i n g w i t h th e r e l e a s e o f d a t a f o r 2 0 0 1 , n a te d b y t h e C e n s u s B u r e a u w h e r e c o u n ti e s h a v e n o t b e e n c r e a te d . C o u n t y d a t a a ls o a r e p u b lic a tio n s p re s e n tin g d a ta fro m th e C o v p r e s e n t e d f o r th e N e w E n g l a n d S ta te s f o r a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t e n titie s in th e 5 0 S ta te s e re d E m p lo y m e n t a n d W ag es p ro g ra m h a v e c o m p a ra tiv e p u rp o s e s , e v e n th o u g h to w n a n d t h e D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a . T h e JO L T S s w i t c h e d to th e 2 0 0 2 v e r s i o n o f th e N o r t h s h ip s a r e th e m o r e c o m m o n d e s i g n a t i o n u s e d s a m p le d e s ig n is a r a n d o m s a m p le d r a w n f ro m A m e r i c a n I n d u s t r y C l a s s i f i c a t i o n S y s te m in N e w E n g la n d ( a n d N e w J e r s e y ) . a u n iv e r s e o f m o r e th a n e ig h t m il l io n e s t a b jo lts p r o g r a m c o v e r s a ll p r iv a te o f f ic e s , a n d s to r e s , a s w e ll a s F e d e r a l, S ta te , T h e O ffic e o f M a n a g e m e n t a n d B u d g e t lis h m e n ts c o m p i l e d a s p a r t o f th e o p e r a tio n s ) d e f in e s m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s f o r u s e in o f t h e Q u a r te r ly C e n s u s o f E m p l o y m e n t a n d N A IC S is t h e p r o d u c t o f a c o o p e r a t i v e e f f o r t o n t h e p a r t o f th e s t a ti s t i c a l a g e n c ie s o f th e F e d e ra l s ta tis tic a l a c tiv itie s a n d u p d a te s th e s e d e f in i t io n s a s n e e d e d . D a t a in th is t a b le W a g e s , o r q c e w , p r o g r a m . T h is p r o g r a m in c lu d e s a ll e m p lo y e r s s u b j e c t to S ta te u n e m (N A IC S ) a s th e b a s i s f o r th e a s s i g n m e n t a n d ta b u la tio n o f e c o n o m ic d a ta b y in d u s try . (o m b U n i t e d S t a te s , C a n a d a , a n d M e x i c o . D u e to u s e m e tro p o lita n a re a c rite ria e s ta b lis h e d by p lo y m e n t in s u ra n c e (u i) la w s a n d F e d e ra l d i f f e r e n c e in N A IC S a n d S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l O M B in d e f i n i t i o n s C l a s s i f i c a t i o n (S IC ) s t r u c tu r e s , i n d u s t r y d a ta (o a g e n c ie s s u b je c t to U n e m p lo y m e n t C o m p e n s a tio n f o r F e d e r a l E m p l o y e e s ( u c f e ) . f o r 2 0 0 1 is n o t c o m p a r a b l e to th e S i c - b a s e d d a ta fo r e a rlie r y e a rs. r e f l e c t i n f o r m a t io n o b t a i n e d f r o m th e 1 9 9 0 T h e s a m p lin g f r a m e is s tr a tif ie d b y o w n e r D e c e n n i a l C e n s u s a n d th e 1 9 9 8 U .S . C e n s h ip , r e g io n , in d u s tr y s e c to r, a n d s iz e c la s s . m b is s u e d J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 9 9 B u l le t in N o . 9 9 - 0 4 ) . T h e s e d e f in i t io n s E f f e c ti v e J a n u a r y 2 0 0 1 , th e p r o g r a m b e s u s B u r e a u p o p u l a t i o n e s t im a te . A c o m p l e te L a r g e f ir m s fa ll in to th e s a m p le w ith v ir tu a l g a n a s s i g n i n g I n d i a n T r ib a l C o u n c il s a n d r e l is t o f m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a d e f in i t io n s is a v a i l c e rta in ty , l a t e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s to l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t a b le f r o m th e N a t io n a l T e c h n ic a l I n f o r m a c o n tr o lle d to th e e m p lo y m e n t e s tim a te s o f th e o w n e r s h i p . T h is bls a c t i o n w a s in r e s p o n s e t io n S e r v i c e ( n t is ) , D o c u m e n t S a le s , 5 2 0 5 jo lts to ta l e m p lo y m e n t e s tim a te s a re C u r r e n t E m p lo y m e n t S ta tis tic s (C E S ) su rv e y . to a c h a n g e in F e d e r a l la w d e a l i n g w i t h th e P o r t R o y a l R o a d , S p r i n g f i e l d , V a. 2 2 1 6 1 , A r a tio o f w a y I n d i a n T r ib e s a r e t r e a te d u n d e r th e F e d te le p h o n e 1 -8 0 0 -5 5 3 -6 8 4 7 . a d ju s t th e le v e ls f o r a ll o th e r ces to jo lts e m p lo y m e n t is u s e d to jo lts d a ta e le m e n ts . R a te s th e n a r e c o m p u te d f r o m th e a d ju s t e d le v e ls . e r a l U n e m p l o y m e n t T a x A c t. T h is la w r e O M B d e f in e s m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s in t e r m s q u i r e s f e d e r a l l y r e c o g n i z e d I n d i a n T r ib e s to o f e n t i r e c o u n t i e s , e x c e p t in t h e s ix N e w b e t r e a t e d s i m il a r ly to S t a te a n d l o c a l g o v E n g l a n d S ta te s w h e r e t h e y a r e d e f i n e d in e r n m e n ts . I n th e p a s t , t h e C o v e r e d E m p l o y te r m s o f c it i e s a n d to w n s . N e w E n g la n d d a ta D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 0 . N o t s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d d a ta T h e m o n th ly jo lts d a ta s e r ie s b e g in w ith m e n t a n d W a g e (C E W ) p r o g r a m c o d e d I n d i a n in th is t a b l e , h o w e v e r , a r e b a s e d o n a c o u n ty T r ib a l C o u n c i l s a n d r e l a t e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c o n c e p t d e fin e d b y a s N e w E n g la n d o n j o b o p e n in g s , h ir e s , to ta l s e p a ra tio n s , q u its , la y o f f s a n d d is c h a r g e s , a n d o th e r s e p a ra tio n s in t h e p r i v a t e s e c to r . A s a r e s u l t o f th e n e w C o u n ty M e tr o p o lita n A re a s ( n e c m a ) b e c a u s e c o u n ty - l e v e l d a ta a r e th e m o s t d e ta i le d f a rm s e c to r, 16 p r iv a te in d u s tr y d iv is io n s a n d e m p l o y m e n t a n d w a g e s b e tw e e n th e p r i v a t e a v a ila b le fro m th e Q u a rte rly C e n s u s o f E m s e c t o r a n d l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t f r o m 2 0 0 0 to p lo y m e n t a n d W a g e s . T h e 2 g o v e r n m e n t d iv is io n s b a s e d o n th e N o r th A m e ric a n In d u s try C la s s if ic a tio n S y s te m 2001. la w , c ew d a t a r e f l e c t s s i g n i f i c a n t s h i f t s in o m b n ecm a is a c o u n ty - le v e ls a n d r a te s a r e a v a ila b le f o r th e to ta l n o n D a t a a ls o r e f l e c t in d u s t r y c h a n g e s . b a s e d a lt e r n a t iv e to th e c ity - a n d t o w n - b a s e d (N A IC S ), a n d f o u r g e o g r a p h ic re g io n s . S e a s o n T h o s e a c c o u n t s p r e v io u s ly a s s i g n e d to c iv i c m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s in N e w E n g l a n d . T h e a lly a d ju s te d d a ta o n j o b o p e n in g s , h ir e s , to ta l a n d s o c i a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s w e r e a s s i g n e d to n ecm a f o r a M e t r o p o li t a n S t a ti s t i c a l A r e a s e p a ra tio n s , a n d q u its le v e ls a n d ra te s a re a v a il t r ib a l g o v e r n m e n ts . T h e r e w e r e n o r e q u ir e d (M S a ) in c lu d e : (1 ) th e c o u n ty c o n ta i n in g th e a b le f o r th e to ta l n o n f a r m s e c to r, s e le c te d in d u s tr y s e c to rs , a n d f o u r g e o g r a p h ic r e g io n s . in d u s try c h a n g e s fo r re la te d e s ta b lis h m e n ts f i r s t - n a m e d c ity in t h a t M S A tit l e ( th is c o u n ty o w n e d b y th e s e T r ib a l C o u n c ils . T h e s e tr ib a l m a y i n c l u d e th e f i r s t - n a m e d c it i e s o f o t h e r b u s in e s s e s ta b lis h m e n ts c o n tin u e d to b e M S A , a n d (2 ) e a c h a d d it i o n a l c o u n ty h a v in g c o d e d a c c o r d i n g to th e e c o n o m i c a c t i v it y o f a t l e a s t h a l f i ts p o p u l a t i o n in t h e t h a t e n tity . m sa Definitions in w h i c h f i r s t - n a m e d c it i e s a r e in th e c o u n ty E s ta b lis h m e n ts s u b m it T o in s u re th e h ig h e s t p o s s ib le q u a lity i d e n t i f ie d in s te p 1. T h e N E C M A is o f f i c i a l l y m a t i o n f o r th e l a s t b u s i n e s s d a y o f th e r e f e r job openings in f o r o f d a t a , S t a te e m p l o y m e n t s e c u r i t y a g e n d e f in e d a r e a s t h a t a r e m e a n t to b e u s e d b y e n c e m o n th . A j o b o p e n in g r e q u i r e s t h a t (1 ) c ie s v e rify w ith e m p lo y e rs a n d u p d a te , if s t a ti s t i c a l p r o g r a m s t h a t c a n n o t u s e th e r e g u a s p e c if i c p o s i t i o n e x i s t s a n d t h e r e is w o r k n e c e s s a ry , th e in d u s try , lo c a tio n , a n d o w n l a r m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a d e f i n i t i o n s in N e w E n g la n d . c o u ld s ta r t w ith in 3 0 d a y s r e g a r d le s s o f e r s h i p c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o n a 3 -y e a r c y c le . C h a n g e s in e s t a b l i s h F or a d d it io n a l in f o r m a t io n o n th e a v a ila b le fo r th a t p o s itio n ; a n d (2 ) w o rk m e n t c l a s s i f i c a t i o n c o d e s r e s u l t i n g f r o m th e c o v e r e d e m p l o y m e n t a n d w a g e d a ta , c o n ta c t w h e t h e r a s u i t a b l e c a n d i d a t e is f o u n d ; a n d (3 ) th e e m p l o y e r is a c t i v e l y r e c r u i t i n g f r o m v e r i f i c a t i o n p r o c e s s a r e i n t r o d u c e d w i t h th e d a t a r e p o r t e d f o r th e f i r s t q u a r t e r o f t h e y e a r . th e D i v i s i o n o f A d m i n is tr a t iv e S t a ti s t i c s a n d o u t s i d e th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t to f ill th e p o s i t io n . L a b o r T u rn o v e r a t (2 0 2 ) 6 9 1 -6 5 6 7 . I n c lu d e d a r e f u ll- tim e , p a r t- t i m e , p e r m a n e n t, 56 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 s h o r t - t e r m , a n d s e a s o n a l o p e n in g s . A c t iv e d iv id in g th e n u m b e r b y e m p lo y m e n t a n d r e c r u i t i n g m e a n s t h a t th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t is m u lt i p ly i n g b y 1 0 0 . a b le . W h e n th e s t a b le s e a s o n a l f i lt e r is n o lo n g e r n e e d e d , o t h e r p r o g r a m f e a t u r e s a ls o m a y b e in tr o d u c e d , s u c h a s o u tlie r a d ju s tm e n t t a k i n g s t e p s t o f ill a p o s i t io n b y a d v e r t is i n g in n e w s p a p e r s o r o n t h e I n t e r n e t , p o s t i n g h e l p - w a n t e d s ig n s , a c c e p t i n g a p p li c a t io n s , a n d e x te n d e d d ia g n o s tic te s tin g . A d d itio n a lly , N otes o n the d a ta it is e x p e c te d t h a t m o r e s e r ie s , s u c h a s la y o f f s a n d d is c h a r g e s a n d a d d it i o n a l i n d u s tr ie s , o r u s i n g o t h e r s i m il a r m e t h o d s . J o b s to b e f ille d o n ly b y in te r n a l tr a n s f e r s , T h e JO L TS d a ta s e r ie s o n j o b o p e n in g s , h i r e s , m a y b e s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d w h e n m o r e d a ta p r o m o ti o n s , d e m o t i o n s , o r r e c a ll f r o m l a y a n d s e p a r a t io n s a r e r e l a t i v e l y n e w . T h e f u ll o ffs a r e e x c lu d e d . A ls o e x c lu d e d a r e j o b s w ith s a m p le is d i v id e d in to p a n e ls , w ith o n e p a n e l a r e a v a ila b le . j o l t s h ir e s a n d s e p a r a t io n s e s t im a te s c a n s ta r t d a te s m o r e th a n 3 0 d a y s in th e f u tu r e , e n r o l l e d e a c h m o n th . A f u ll c o m p l e m e n t o f n o t b e u s e d to e x a c tl y e x p la i n n e t c h a n g e s in j o b s f o r w h i c h e m p l o y e e s h a v e b e e n h ir e d p a n e l s f o r th e o r i g in a l d a t a s e r ie s b a s e d o n p a y r o ll e m p l o y m e n t . S o m e r e a s o n s w h y it is b u t h a v e n o t y e t re p o rte d fo r w o rk , a n d jo b s th e 1 9 8 7 S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f ic a ti o n p r o b l e m a t i c to c o m p a r e c h a n g e s in p a y r o ll to b e f i ll e d b y e m p l o y e e s o f t e m p o r a r y h e lp (Sic) s y s te m w a s n o t c o m p l e te ly e n r o l l e d in e m p lo y m e n t w ith a g e n c ie s , e m p l o y e e l e a s i n g c o m p a n i e s , o u t t h e s u r v e y u n til J a n u a r y 2 0 0 2 . T h e s u p p l e e s p e c i a l l y o n a m o n th l y b a s i s , a re : (1 ) th e jo lts h ir e s a n d s e p a ra tio n s , sid e c o n tr a c to r s , o r c o n s u lta n ts . T h e jo b m e n t a l p a n e l s o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s n e e d e d to r e f e r e n c e p e r io d f o r p a y r o ll e m p l o y m e n t is o p e n in g s r a te is c o m p u t e d b y d i v id i n g th e c r e a te e s t im a te s w e r e n o t c o m p l e te ly t h e p a y p e r i o d i n c l u d i n g t h e 1 2 th o f t h e n u m b e r o f j o b o p e n in g s b y th e s u m o f e m e n r o l l e d u n til M a y 2 0 0 3 . T h e d a ta c o ll e c t e d m o n th , w h ile th e r e f e r e n c e p e r io d f o r h ir e s p l o y m e n t a n d j o b o p e n in g s , a n d m u lt i p ly i n g u p u n til t h o s e p o i n ts a r e f r o m le s s t h a n a a n d s e p a r a t io n s is th e c a l e n d a r m o n th ; a n d th a t q u o tie n t b y 100. f u ll s a m p le . T h e r e f o r e , e s t im a te s f r o m e a r (2 ) p a y r o ll e m p l o y m e n t c a n v a r y f r o m m o n th Hires a r e th e to ta l n u m b e r o f a d d itio n s to l ie r m o n th s s h o u l d b e u s e d w ith c a u t i o n , a s to m o n th s im p ly b e c a u s e p a r t- t i m e a n d o n - th e p a y r o ll o c c u r r i n g a t a n y tim e d u r i n g th e f e w e r s a m p le d u n its w e r e r e p o r t i n g d a t a a t c a ll w o r k e r s m a y n o t a lw a y s w o r k d u r i n g th e r e f e r e n c e m o n th , in c l u d i n g b o th n e w a n d r e p a y p e r i o d t h a t i n c l u d e s t h e 1 2 th o f t h e h i r e d e m p l o y e e s a n d f u l l- t i m e a n d p a r t- tim e , t h a t tim e . In M a rc h 2 0 0 2 , p ro c e d u re s fo r c o l m o n th . A d d itio n a lly , r e s e a r c h h a s f o u n d th a t p e rm a n e n t, sh o rt-te rm and seaso n al em le c tin g h ir e s a n d s e p a ra tio n s d a ta w e r e r e v is e d s o m e re p o rte r s s y s te m a tic a lly u n d e r re p o r t p l o y e e s , e m p l o y e e s r e c a ll e d to th e lo c a tio n to a d d r e s s p o s s ib l e u n d e r r e p o r t in g . A s a r e s e p a r a t i o n s r e l a t i v e to h i r e s d u e to a n u m a f te r a l a y o f f la s ti n g m o r e th a n 7 d a y s , o n - s u lt, h ir e s a n d s e p a r a tio n s e s tim a te s f o r b e r o f fa c to rs , in c lu d in g th e n a tu re o f th e ir c a ll o r i n te r m it t e n t e m p l o y e e s w h o r e tu r n e d m o n th s p r i o r to M a r c h 2 0 0 2 m a y n o t b e c o m p a y r o l l s y s te m s a n d p r a c t i c e s . T h e s h o r t f a ll to w o r k a f te r h a v in g b e e n f o r m a lly s e p a ra te d , p a r a b l e w ith e s t im a te s f o r M a r c h 2 0 0 2 a n d a p p e a r s to b e a b o u t 2 p e r c e n t o r le s s o v e r a a n d t r a n s f e r s f r o m o t h e r l o c a tio n s . T h e h ir e s 1 2 - m o n th p e r io d . c o u n t d o e s n o t i n c lu d e t r a n s f e r s o r p r o m o la te r. T h e F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t r e o r g a n i z a t io n t io n s w i t h in th e r e p o r t i n g s ite , e m p l o y e e s th a t in v o lv e d tr a n s f e r r in g a p p r o x im a te ly O p e n in g s a n d L a b o r T u r n o v e r S u r v e y , c o n r e tu r n i n g f r o m s tr ik e , e m p l o y e e s o f t e m p o 1 8 0 ,0 0 0 ta c t th e D iv i s i o n o f A d m i n is tr a t iv e S ta tis tic s r a r y h e lp a g e n c ie s o r e m p l o y e e le a s in g c o m o f H o m e la n d S e c u r it y is n o t r e f l e c t e d in th e p a n ie s , o u t s i d e c o n tr a c t o r s , o r c o n s u l ta n t s . n a ic s jo lts jo lts bls e m p l o y e e s to th e n e w D e p a r t m e n t o r a d d it io n a l in f o r m a t io n o n th e J o b a n d L a b o r T u rn o v e r a t (2 0 2 ) 9 6 1 -5 8 7 0 . h i r e s a n d s e p a r a t io n s e s t im a te s f o r th e T h e h i r e s r a t e is c o m p u t e d b y d iv id i n g th e F e d e ra l G o v e rn m e n t. T h e O ffic e o f P e rs o n n u m b e r o f h i r e s b y e m p l o y m e n t , a n d m u lt i n e l M a n a g e m e n t ’s r e c o r d s h o w s th e s e t r a n s f e r s w e r e c o m p l e t e d in M a r c h 2 0 0 3 . T h e p l y in g t h a t q u o t ie n t b y 1 0 0 . Separations a re th e to ta l n u m b e r o f te r m i F i n c lu s io n o f tr a n s f e r s in th e jo lts d e f in i t io n s n a tio n s o f e m p lo y m e n t o c c u r r in g a t a n y tim e o f h i r e s a n d s e p a r a t io n s is i n te n d e d to c o v e r d u r in g th e r e f e r e n c e m o n th , a n d a r e r e p o rte d o n g o i n g m o v e m e n ts o f w o r k e r s b e tw e e n e s b y ty p e o f s e p a ra tio n — q u its , la y o f f s a n d d is ta b l i s h m e n t s . T h e D e p a r t m e n t o f H o m e la n d c h a r g e s , a n d o th e r s e p a ra tio n s . Q u its a r e v o l S e c u r it y r e o r g a n i z a t i o n w a s a m a s s i v e o n e u n ta r y s e p a ra tio n s b y e m p lo y e e s ( e x c e p t fo r tim e e v e n t , a n d th e i n c l u s i o n o f t h e s e i n te r re tire m e n ts , w h ic h a re r e p o rte d a s o th e r se p a ra g o v e r n m e n t a l t r a n s f e r s w o u l d d i s t o r t th e tio n s ). L a y o ffs a n d d is c h a rg e s a re in v o lu n ta ry F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t tim e s e r ie s . s e p a ra tio n s in itia te d b y th e e m p lo y e r a n d in D a ta u s e r s s h o u ld n o te th a t s e a s o n a l a d c lu d e la y o f f s w ith n o in te n t to re h ir e , fo r m a l j u s t m e n t o f th e JOLTS s e r ie s is c o n d u c te d w ith Compensation and Wage Data ( T a b le s 1 - 3 ; 3 0 - 3 6 ) C o m p e n s a tio n a n d w a g e d d a ta a re g a th e re d b y th e B u r e a u f r o m b u s i n e s s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , S ta te a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t s , l a b o r u n i o n s , c o lle c tiv e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n ts o n file w ith th e B u re a u , a n d se c o n d a ry s o u rc e s . Employment Cost Index la y o ffs la s tin g o r e x p e c te d to la s t m o r e th a n 7 f e w e r d a ta o b s e r v a tio n s th a n is c u s to m a r y . d a y s , d is c h a rg e s re s u ltin g fro m m e rg e rs , d o w n s iz in g , o r c lo s in g s , fir in g s o r o th e r d is T h e h i s to r ic a l d a ta , th e r e f o r e , m a y b e s u b j e c t to l a r g e r th a n n o r m a l r e v is io n s . B e c a u s e c h a r g e s f o r c a u s e , te r m in a tio n s o f p e r m a n e n t th e s e a s o n a l p a tte r n s in e c o n o m ic d a ta s e r ie s o r s h o r t- te r m e m p lo y e e s , a n d te r m in a tio n s o f ty p ic a lly e m e r g e o v e r tim e , th e s ta n d a r d u s e s e a s o n a l e m p lo y e e s . O th e r s e p a ra tio n s in c lu d e o f m o v in g a v e r a g e s a s s e a s o n a l f ilte r s to c a p q u a r t e r l y m e a s u r e o f th e r a te o f c h a n g e in re tir e m e n ts , tra n s fe rs to o th e r lo c a tio n s , d e a th s , tu r e th e s e e f f e c ts r e q u ir e s lo n g e r s e r ie s th a n c o m p e n s a ti o n p e r h o u r w o r k e d a n d i n c lu d e s a n d s e p a ra tio n s d u e to d is a b ility . S e p a r a tio n s d o n o t in c lu d e tr a n s f e r s w ith in th e s a m e lo c a a r e c u r r e n t ly a v a ila b le . A s a r e s u lt, th e s ta b le s e a s o n a l f i lt e r o p t io n is u s e d in th e s e a s o n a l p lo y e e b e n e fits . It u se s a fix e d m a rk e t tio n o r e m p lo y e e s o n s trik e . T h e s e p a r a t i o n s r a te is c o m p u t e d b y d i a d ju s tm e n t o f th e JO LTS d a ta . W h e n c a l c u l a t b a s k e t o f l a b o r — s i m i l a r in c o n c e p t to th e in g s e a s o n a l f a c to r s , th is f i lt e r ta k e s a n a v e r a g e f o r e a c h c a l e n d a r m o n th a f te r d e tr e n d in g C o n s u m e r P r i c e I n d e x ’s f i x e d m a r k e t b a s th e s e r ie s . T h e s ta b le s e a s o n a l f ilte r a s s u m e s c h a n g e o v e r tim e in e m p l o y e r c o s t s o f e m T h e q u i ts , l a y o f f s a n d d i s c h a r g e s , a n d o t h e r t h a t th e s e a s o n a l f a c to r s a r e f ix e d ; a n e c e s p l o y i n g la b o r . s e p a r a t i o n s r a t e s a r e c o m p u t e d s i m il a r ly , s a ry a s s u m p tio n u n til s u f f ic ie n t d a ta a re a v a il v id in g th e n u m b e r o f s e p a r a t io n s b y e m p l o y m e n t , a n d m u lt i p l y i n g t h a t q u o t i e n t b y 1 0 0 . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis D e scrip tio n of the series The E m ploym ent C ost Index (ECI) is a w a g e s , s a la rie s , a n d e m p lo y e r c o s ts o f e m k e t o f g o o d s a n d s e r v ic e s — to m e a s u r e S t a ti s t i c a l s e r i e s o n to ta l c o m p e n s a t i o n Monthly Labor Review October 2004 57 Current Labor Statistics c o s ts , o n w a g e s a n d s a la rie s , a n d o n b e n b e n e f its ( s u c h a s S o c ia l S e c u r ity , w o r k e r s ’ e f it c o s ts a re a v a ila b le fo r p riv a te n o n fa rm c o m p e n s a tio n , a n d u n e m p lo y m e n t in s u ra n c e ). Definitions w o r k e r s e x c l u d i n g p r o p r i e t o r s , th e s e l f - e m E x c lu d e d fro m w a g e s a n d s a la rie s a n d Em ployer-provided benefits a r e b e n e f i t s p l o y e d , a n d h o u s e h o l d w o r k e r s . T h e to ta l e m p l o y e e b e n e f i ts a r e s u c h ite m s a s p a y t h a t a r e f i n a n c e d e i t h e r w h o l l y o r p a r tl y b y c o m p e n s a tio n c o s ts a n d w a g e s a n d s a la rie s m e n t - i n - k in d , f r e e r o o m a n d b o a r d , a n d tip s . th e e m p l o y e r . T h e y m a y b e s p o n s o r e d b y a s e r i e s a r e a ls o a v a i l a b l e f o r S t a te a n d l o c a l g o v e r n m e n t w o rk e rs a n d fo r th e c iv ilia n u n io n o r o t h e r t h i r d p a r ty , a s l o n g a s t h e r e is N o tes o n the d a ta s o m e e m p l o y e r f i n a n c in g . H o w e v e r , s o m e n o n fa rm e c o n o m y , w h ic h c o n s is ts o f p r i b e n e f i ts t h a t a r e f u l ly p a i d f o r b y t h e e m v a te i n d u s t r y a n d S ta te a n d l o c a l g o v e r n T h e E m p l o y m e n t C o s t I n d e x f o r c h a n g e s in p lo y e e a ls o a r e in c lu d e d . F o r e x a m p l e , l o n g m e n t w o rk e rs c o m b in e d . F e d e ra l w o rk e rs w a g e s a n d s a l a r i e s in th e p r i v a t e n o n f a r m te r m c a r e i n s u r a n c e a n d p o s t r e t i r e m e n t lif e a re e x c lu d e d . e c o n o m y w a s p u b l i s h e d b e g in n i n g in 1 9 7 5 . i n s u r a n c e p a i d e n ti r e l y b y t h e e m p l o y e e a r e T h e E m p l o y m e n t C o s t I n d e x p r o b a b il i ty C h a n g e s in to ta l c o m p e n s a ti o n c o s t — w a g e s in c lu d e d b e c a u s e th e g u a ra n te e o f in s u ra b il s a m p le c o n s i s t s o f a b o u t 4 , 4 0 0 p r i v a t e n o n a n d s a l a r i e s a n d b e n e f i ts c o m b i n e d — w e r e ity a n d a v a i l a b i li t y a t g r o u p p r e m i u m r a te s a r e c o n s i d e r e d a b e n e f i t. f a r m e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d in g a b o u t 2 3 ,0 0 0 p u b l i s h e d b e g in n i n g in 1 9 8 0 . T h e s e r ie s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l o b s e r v a t i o n s a n d 1 ,0 0 0 S ta te c h a n g e s in w a g e s a n d s a l a r i e s a n d f o r to ta l Participants a r e w o r k e r s w h o a r e c o v a n d lo c a l g o v e rn m e n t e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o c o m p e n s a ti o n in th e S ta te a n d l o c a l g o v e r n e re d b y a b e n e fit, w h e th e r o r n o t th e y u s e v i d in g 6 , 0 0 0 o c c u p a t i o n a l o b s e r v a t i o n s s e m e n t s e c t o r a n d in t h e c i v i l i a n n o n f a r m t h a t b e n e f i t . I f t h e b e n e f i t p l a n is f i n a n c e d l e c t e d to r e p r e s e n t to ta l e m p l o y m e n t in e a c h e c o n o m y (e x c lu d in g F e d e ra l e m p lo y e e s ) s e c to r . O n a v e r a g e , e a c h r e p o r t i n g u n i t p r o w h o lly b y e m p lo y e rs a n d r e q u ire s e m p lo y w e r e p u b l i s h e d b e g in n i n g in 1 9 8 1 . H i s t o r i v i d e s w a g e a n d c o m p e n s a ti o n i n f o r m a t io n e e s to c o m p l e t e a m i n i m u m l e n g t h o f s e r c a l in d e x e s ( J u n e 1 9 8 1 = 1 0 0 ) a r e a v a i l a b l e o n f i v e w e l l- s p e c if i e d o c c u p a ti o n s . D a t a a r e v ic e f o r e lig ib ility , th e w o rk e rs a re c o n s id o n th e I n te r n e t: e re d p a rtic ip a n ts w h e th e r o r n o t th e y h a v e c o lle c te d e a c h q u a rte r fo r th e p a y p e rio d in http ://www .bls.gov/ect/ c l u d i n g th e 1 2 th d a y o f M a r c h , J u n e , S e p te m b e r , a n d D e c e m b e r . B e g i n n i n g w i t h J u n e 1 9 8 6 d a ta , f i x e d e m p l o y m e n t w e i g h ts f r o m th e 1 9 8 0 C e n s u s m e t th e r e q u ir e m e n t. I f w o r k e r s a re r e o n th e q u i r e d to c o n t r i b u t e t o w a r d s t h e c o s t o f a E m p l o y m e n t C o s t I n d e x , c o n t a c t th e O f f i c e o f C o m p e n s a t i o n L e v e ls a n d T r e n d s : ( 2 0 2 ) 6 9 1 -6 1 9 9 . p la n , th e y a re c o n s id e r e d p a r tic ip a n ts o n ly F or a d d it io n a l in f o r m a t io n o f P o p u l a ti o n a r e u s e d e a c h q u a r te r to c a l c u l a t e t h e c i v i l i a n a n d p r i v a t e in d e x e s Employee Benefits Survey a n d t h e i n d e x f o r S t a te a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n ts . (P rio r to J u n e 1 9 8 6 , th e e m p lo y m e n t D escrip tio n of the series w e i g h ts a r e f r o m th e 1 9 7 0 C e n s u s o f P o p u l a t i o n .) T h e s e f i x e d w e i g h ts , a ls o u s e d to d e r i v e a ll o f t h e i n d u s t r y a n d o c c u p a t i o n s e r i e s i n d e x e s , e n s u r e t h a t c h a n g e s in t h e s e i n d e x e s r e f l e c t o n ly c h a n g e s in c o m p e n s a t io n , n o t e m p l o y m e n t s h i f t s a m o n g i n d u s t r ie s o r o c c u p a t i o n s w i t h d i f f e r e n t le v e l s o f w a g e s a n d c o m p e n s a ti o n . F o r th e b a r g a i n in g s t a t u s , r e g i o n , a n d m e t r o p o l i t a n / n o n m e tro p o lita n a re a s e rie s , h o w e v e r, e m p lo y m e n t d a ta b y in d u s try a n d o c c u p a tio n a re n o t a v a i l a b l e f r o m t h e c e n s u s . I n s t e a d , th e i f t h e y e l e c t t h e p l a n a n d a g r e e to m a k e th e re q u ir e d c o n trib u tio n s . D efined benefit pension plans u s e p r e d e t e r m i n e d f o r m u la s to c a l c u l a t e a r e t i r e m e n t b e n e f i t ( i f a n y ) , a n d o b l ig a t e t h e e m p l o y e r to p r o v i d e t h o s e b e n e f i ts . B e n e f i t s a r e g e n e r a ll y b a s e d o n s a la r y , y e a r s o f s e r Em ployee benefits d a ta a r e o b t a i n e d f r o m v ic e , o r b o th . th e E m p lo y e e B e n e fits S u rv e y , a n a n n u a l D efined contribution plans g e n e r a l l y s u r v e y o f th e in c i d e n c e a n d p r o v i s i o n s o f s p e c if y th e l e v e l o f e m p l o y e r a n d e m p l o y e e s e l e c t e d b e n e f i ts p r o v i d e d b y e m p l o y e r s . c o n t r i b u t i o n s to a p l a n , b u t n o t th e f o r m u la T h e s u r v e y c o ll e c t s d a ta f r o m a s a m p le o f f o r d e te r m i n i n g e v e n t u a l b e n e f i ts . I n s t e a d , a p p r o x im a t e ly 9 , 0 0 0 p r i v a t e s e c to r a n d S ta te in d iv i d u a l a c c o u n ts a r e s e t u p f o r p a r t i c i a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . T h e p a n ts , a n d b e n e fits a re b a s e d o n a m o u n ts d a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d a s a p e r c e n ta g e o f e m c r e d i t e d to t h e s e a c c o u n ts . p l o y e e s w h o p a r ti c i p a te in a c e r ta in b e n e fit, Tax-deferred savings plans a r e a ty p e o r as an a v e ra g e b e n e fit p ro v isio n (fo r e x o f d e f in e d c o n t r i b u t i o n p l a n t h a t a ll o w p a r 1 9 8 0 e m p l o y m e n t w e i g h ts a r e r e a l l o c a t e d w i t h in t h e s e s e r ie s e a c h q u a r te r b a s e d o n th e a m p le , th e a v e r a g e n u m b e r o f p a id h o l id a y s t ic i p a n t s to c o n tr i b u t e a p o r t i o n o f t h e i r s a l p r o v i d e d to e m p l o y e e s p e r y e a r ) . S e l e c t e d a r y to a n e m p l o y e r - s p o n s o r e d p l a n a n d d e c u r r e n t s a m p le . T h e r e f o r e , th e s e i n d e x e s a r e d a ta f r o m th e s u r v e y a r e p r e s e n t e d in t a b le f e r in c o m e t a x e s u n t il w i t h d r a w a l . n o t s t r i c t l y c o m p a r a b l e to t h o s e f o r t h e a g 3 4 f o r m e d iu m a n d la rg e p r iv a te e s t a b l i s h Flexible benefit plans a l l o w e m p l o y e e s g r e g a t e , in d u s tr y , a n d o c c u p a ti o n s e r ie s . m e n ts a n d in t a b l e 3 5 f o r s m a ll p r iv a te e s t a b to c h o o s e a m o n g s e v e r a l b e n e f i t s , s u c h a s l is h m e n t s a n d S ta te a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t. T h e s u rv e y c o v e rs p a id le a v e b e n e fits Definitions s u c h a s h o lid a y s a n d v a c a tio n s , a n d p e r s o n a l, lif e i n s u r a n c e , m e d i c a l c a r e , a n d v a c a t i o n d a y s , a n d a m o n g s e v e r a l l e v e ls o f c o v e r a g e w i t h in a g i v e n b e n e f it. f u n e r a l , j u r y d u ty , m ilita r y , f a m ily , a n d s ic k Total com pensation c o s t s in c l u d e w a g e s , le a v e ; s h o r t - t e r m d i s a b il i ty , l o n g - te r m d i s s a l a r i e s , a n d t h e e m p l o y e r ’s c o s t s f o r e m a b ility , a n d lif e i n s u r a n c e ; m e d i c a l , d e n ta l , p l o y e e b e n e f i ts . a n d v is io n c a re p la n s ; d e fin e d b e n e fit a n d N o tes o n the d a ta W ages and salaries c o n s i s t o f e a r n i n g s d e f i n e d c o n tr i b u t i o n p l a n s ; f l e x i b l e b e n e f i ts S u r v e y s o f e m p l o y e e s in m e d i u m a n d la r g e b e fo re p a y ro ll d e d u c tio n s , in c lu d in g p r o p la n s ; r e i m b u r s e m e n t a c c o u n ts ; a n d u n p a id e s ta b lis h m e n ts c o n d u c te d o v e r th e 1 9 7 9 — d u c t i o n b o n u s e s , i n c e n t iv e e a r n i n g s , c o m f a m i l y le a v e . 8 6 p e rio d in c lu d e d e s ta b lis h m e n ts th a t e m m i s s i o n s , a n d c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a d ju s tm e n ts . Benefits i n c l u d e th e c o s t to e m p l o y e r s A ls o , d a ta a re ta b u la te d o n th e in c i d e n c e o f s e v e ra l o th e r b e n e f its , s u c h as p lo y e d a t le a st 5 0 , 100, o r 2 5 0 w o rk e rs, d e p e n d in g o n th e in d u s tr y ( m o s t s e r v ic e s e v e r a n c e p a y , c h il d - c a r e a s s i s t a n c e , w e l l in d u s trie s w e re e x c lu d e d ) . T h e s u rv e y c o n d u c t e d in 1 9 8 7 c o v e r e d o n l y S t a t e a n d l o fo r p a id le a v e , s u p p le m e n ta l p a y (in c lu d in g n o n p r o d u c tio n b o n u s e s ) , in s u r a n c e , r e tir e m e n t a n d s a v in g s p la n s , a n d le g a lly r e q u ir e d 58 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis n e ss p ro g ra m s , a n d e m p lo y e e a s s is ta n c e p ro g ram s. October 2004 c a l g o v e r n m e n ts w ith 5 0 o r m o re e m p lo y - e e s . T h e s u r v e y s c o n d u c t e d in 1 9 8 8 a n d tw e e n m a jo r r e v is io n s so th a t o n ly p ric e N o tes o n the d a ta c h a n g e s w ill b e m e a s u r e d . A ll t a x e s d i r e c tl y 19 8 9 in c lu d e d m e d iu m a n d la rg e e s ta b lis h m e n t s w i t h 1 0 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e in p r i v a t e T h is s e r i e s is n o t c o m p a r a b l e w i t h th e o n e a s s o c ia te d w ith th e p u r c h a s e a n d u s e o f in d u s tr ie s . A ll s u r v e y s c o n d u c te d o v e r th e t e r m i n a t e d in 1 9 8 1 t h a t c o v e r e d s t r i k e s in ite m s a r e i n c l u d e d in t h e in d e x . 1 9 7 9 -8 9 p e rio d e x c lu d e d e s ta b lis h m e n ts v o l v in g s ix w o r k e r s o r m o r e . in A l a s k a a n d H a w a i i , a s w e l l a s p a r t - t i m e e m p lo y e e s . B e g i n n i n g in 1 9 9 0 , s u r v e y s o f S t a te a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t s a n d s m a ll p r i v a t e e s t a b F or a d d it io n a l D a ta c o ll e c t e d f r o m m o r e t h a n 2 3 ,0 0 0 r e in f o r m a t io n o n w o rk s t o p p a g e s d a ta , c o n t a c t th e O f f i c e o f C o m in 8 7 u r b a n a r e a s a c r o s s th e c o u n tr y a r e u s e d p e n s a t i o n a n d W o r k in g C o n d i ti o n s : to d e v e l o p th e “ U .S . c it y a v e r a g e . ” S e p a r a t e (2 0 2 ) e s t im a te s f o r 1 4 m a j o r u r b a n c e n t e r s a r e p r e 6 9 1 - 6 2 8 2 , o r th e I n te r n e t: http:/w ww.bls.gov/cba/ l i s h m e n t s w e r e c o n d u c t e d in e v e n - n u m s e n t e d in t a b l e 3 8 . T h e a r e a s l is te d a r e a s i n d i c a t e d in f o o t n o te 1 to th e t a b l e . T h e a r e a b e re d y e a rs , a n d s u rv e y s o f m e d iu m a n d la r g e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w e r e c o n d u c t e d in o d d n u m b e r e d y e a r s . T h e s m a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t i n d e x e s m e a s u r e o n l y th e a v e r a g e c h a n g e in Price Data p r i c e s f o r e a c h a r e a s i n c e t h e b a s e p e r io d , ( T a b le s 2 ; 3 7 - 4 7 ) o f p r i c e s a m o n g c itie s . a n d d o n o t i n d ic a te d i f f e r e n c e s in t h e l e v e l s u r v e y i n c l u d e s a ll p r i v a t e n o n f a r m e s t a b lis h m e n ts w ith f e w e r th a n 100 w o rk e rs, ta i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d 5 , 8 0 0 h o u s i n g u n its w h i l e t h e S t a te a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t s u r P r ic e d a ta a re g a th e r e d b y th e B u r e a u v e y i n c l u d e s a ll g o v e r n m e n ts , r e g a r d l e s s o f o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s fro m th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s . A l l th r e e s u r v e y s i n m a r y m a r k e ts in th e U n ite d S ta te s . P r ic e in In J a n u a r y 1 9 8 3 , th e B u r e a u c h a n g e d th e c lu d e fu ll- a n d p a r t- tim e w o rk e rs , a n d d e x e s a re g iv e n in r e la tio n to a b a s e p e r io d — w a y in w h i c h h o m e o w n e r s h i p c o s t s a r e w o r k e r s in a ll 5 0 S t a t e s a n d t h e D i s t r i c t o f D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 3 = 100 fo r m an y P ro d u c e r m e a u r e d f o r th e C P I-U . A r e n ta l e q u iv a l e n c e C o lu m b ia . P r ic e I n d e x e s ( u n le s s o th e r w is e n o te d ) , 1 9 8 2 — m e t h o d r e p l a c e d t h e a s s e t - p r i c e a p p r o a c h to N o tes o n the d a ta re ta il a n d p r i o n th e 8 4 = 1 0 0 f o r m a n y C o n s u m e r P r ic e I n d e x e s h o m e o w n e rs h ip c o s ts fo r th a t se rie s . In E m p l o y e e B e n e f i t s S u r v e y , c o n t a c t th e O f ( u n le s s o th e r w is e n o te d ) , a n d 1 9 9 0 = 1 0 0 fo r J a n u a r y 1 9 8 5 , th e s a m e c h a n g e w a s m a d e in f i c e o f C o m p e n s a t i o n L e v e ls a n d T r e n d s o n I n te r n a tio n a l P r ic e In d e x e s . th e C P i - w . T h e c e n t r a l p u r p o s e o f th e c h a n g e Consumer Price indexes m e n t c o m p o n e n t o f h o m e o w n e r s h i p s o th a t F or a d d it io n a l in f o r m a t io n w a s to s e p a r a t e s h e l te r c o s t s f r o m th e i n v e s t t h e I n t e r n e t: http ://ww w .bls.gov/ebs/ Work stoppages D escrip tio n of the series D e scrip tio n of the series The D a t a o n w o r k s t o p p a g e s m e a s u r e th e n u m b e r a n d d u ra tio n o f m a jo r s trik e s o r lo c k o u t s ( i n v o l v i n g 1 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ) o c c u r r i n g d u r i n g th e m o n th ( o r y e a r ) , th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s i n v o lv e d , a n d th e a m o u n t o f w o r k t im e l o s t b e c a u s e o f s t o p p a g e . T h e s e d a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d in t a b l e 3 6 . D a t a a r e l a r g e ly f r o m a v a r ie ty o f p u b Consumer Price Index th e in d e x w o u l d r e f l e c t o n l y th e c o s t o f s h e l te r s e rv ic e s p ro v id e d b y o w n e r-o c c u p ie d hom es. (C P I) is a m e a s u r e o f th e a v e r a g e c h a n g e in t h e p r i c e s p a id b y u rb a n c o n s u m e rs fo r a fix e d m a rk e t b a s k e t o f g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s . T h e C P I is c a l c u A n u p d a te d C P i-U a n d c p i -w a n d J a n u a r y 1 9 9 8 d a ta . Fo r a d d it io n a l in f o r m a t io n (2 0 2 ) 6 9 1 -7 0 0 0 . o n e c o n s is tin g o n ly o f u rb a n h o u s e h o ld s w h o s e p r i m a r y s o u r c e o f in c o m e is d e r iv e d f r o m th e e m p l o y m e n t o f w a g e e a r n e r s a n d c l e r ic a l w o r k e r s , a n d t h e o t h e r c o n s i s t i n g o f P r o d u c e r P r ic e I n d e x e s a ll u r b a n h o u s e h o l d s . T h e w a g e e a r n e r i n d e x (C P i-W ) is a c o n t i n u a t i o n o f th e h i s t o r ic m e n t s d i r e c tl y i n v o lv e d in a s t o p p a g e . T h e y i n d e x t h a t w a s i n tr o d u c e d w e ll o v e r a h a lf - , c o n ta c t th e D iv is io n o f P ric e s a n d P ric e In d e x e s: l a t e d m o n th l y f o r tw o p o p u l a t i o n g r o u p s , lis h e d s o u rc e s a n d c o v e r o n ly e s ta b lis h w e re in tr o d u c e d w i t h r e l e a s e o f th e J a n u a r y 1 9 8 7 D e scrip tio n of the series Producer Price Indexes (P P i) m e a s u r e a v e r a g e c h a n g e s in p r i c e s r e c e iv e d b y d o m e s d o n o t m e a s u re th e in d ire c t o r s e c o n d a ry c e n t u r y a g o f o r u s e in w a g e n e g o ti a ti o n s . e ffe c t o f s to p p a g e s o n o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts A s n e w u s e s w e r e d e v e l o p e d f o r th e c p i in r e c e n t y e a r s , th e n e e d f o r a b r o a d e r a n d m o r e tic p r o d u c e r s o f c o m m o d i t i e s in a ll s t a g e s s h o r t a g e s o r l a c k o f s e r v ic e . r e p r e s e n t a t i v e in d e x b e c a m e a p p a r e n t. T h e a ll- u r b a n c o n s u m e r in d e x (C P I-U ), in tr o d u c e d la tin g th e s e i n d e x e s c u r r e n t ly c o n ta i n s a b o u t Definitions in 1 9 7 8 , is r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f th e 1 9 9 3 - 9 5 t a t i o n s p e r m o n th , s e l e c te d to r e p r e s e n t th e b u y in g h a b its o f a b o u t 8 7 p e r c e n t o f th e n o n - m o v e m e n t o f p r i c e s o f a ll c o m m o d i t i e s p r o i n s t it u t io n a l p o p u l a t i o n o f th e U n i t e d S ta te s d u c e d in th e m a n u f a c t u r i n g ; a g r ic u lt u r e , f o r a t t h a t t im e , c o m p a r e d w ith 3 2 p e r c e n t r e p e s tr y , a n d f i s h i n g ; m in i n g ; a n d g a s a n d e l e c r e s e n t e d in th e C P i- w . I n a d d it i o n to w a g e t r ic ity a n d p u b l ic u t ilitie s s e c to r s . T h e s ta g e - w h o s e e m p l o y e e s a r e id le o w i n g to m a t e r i a l N um ber o f stoppages: T he num ber o f s t r i k e s a n d l o c k o u t s in v o lv i n g 1 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e a n d l a s ti n g a f u ll s h i f t o r lo n g e r . W orkers involved : T he num ber of w o r k e r s d i r e c tl y in v o lv e d in th e s t o p p a g e . N um ber o f days idle: T h e a g g r e g a te n u m b e r o f w o rk d a y s lo st b y w o rk e rs in v o l v e d in th e s t o p p a g e s . o f p r o c e s s i n g . T h e s a m p le u s e d f o r c a l c u 3 , 2 0 0 c o m m o d i t i e s a n d a b o u t 8 0 ,0 0 0 q u o e a r n e r s a n d c l e r ic a l w o r k e r s , t h e C P i-U c o v o f - p r o c e s s i n g s t r u c t u r e o f PP I o r g a n i z e s e r s p r o f e s s i o n a l , m a n a g e r i a l, a n d t e c h n i c a l p r o d u c ts b y c la s s o f b u y e r a n d d e g r e e o f f a b w o r k e r s , th e s e lf - e m p lo y e d , s h o r t- te r m r i c a t i o n ( t h a t is , f i n i s h e d g o o d s , i n t e r m e d i w o r k e r s , th e u n e m p l o y e d , r e ti r e e s , a n d o t h a te g o o d s , a n d c r u d e m a t e r i a ls ) . T h e t r a d i e r s n o t in th e l a b o r f o r c e . tio n a l c o m m o d i t y s t r u c t u r e o f PPI o r g a T h e C P I is b a s e d o n p r i c e s o f f o o d , c l o t h n iz e s p r o d u c ts b y s im ila r ity o f e n d u s e o r in g , s h e lte r , f u e l, d r u g s , t r a n s p o r ta ti o n f a r e s , p e r c e n t o f th e a g g r e g a te n u m b e r o f s ta n d a r d d o c to rs ’ a n d d e n tis ts ’ fe e s, a n d o th e r g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s t h a t p e o p le b u y f o r d a y - to - d a y m a te ria l c o m p o s itio n . T h e in d u s try a n d p r o d u c t s t r u c tu r e o f p p i o r g a n iz e s d a ta in a c c o r d a n c e w ith th e 2 0 0 2 N o r th A m e r ic a n I n w o r k d a y s in th e p e r io d m u ltip lie d b y to ta l e m l iv i n g . T h e q u a n t i t y a n d q u a l i t y o f t h e s e d u s t r y C l a s s i f i c a t i o n S y s te m a n d p r o d u c t p lo y m e n t in th e p e rio d . i te m s a r e k e p t e s s e n t i a l l y u n c h a n g e d b e c o d e s d e v e lo p e d b y th e U .S . C e n s u s B u r e a u . Days o f idleness as a percent o f estimated working time: A g g r e g a te w o r k d a y s lo s t a s a https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 59 Current Labor Statistics T o th e e x t e n t p o s s ib l e , p r i c e s u s e d in c a l p le te d d u r in g th e f ir s t w e e k o f th e m o n th . p u t to r e a l i n p u t. A s s u c h , th e y e n c o m p a s s a c u l a t i n g P r o d u c e r P r i c e I n d e x e s a p p ly to th e S u r v e y r e s p o n d e n ts a re a s k e d to in d ic a te fa m ily o f m e a s u re s w h ic h in c lu d e s in g le f i r s t s i g n i f i c a n t c o m m e r c i a l t r a n s a c ti o n in th e U n ite d S ta te s fro m th e p r o d u c tio n o r a ll d i s c o u n t s , a l l o w a n c e s , a n d r e b a t e s a p fa c to r in p u t m e a s u re s , s u c h a s o u tp u t p e r p lic a b le to th e r e p o rte d p r ic e s , so th a t th e h o u r , o u t p u t p e r u n i t o f l a b o r in p u t, o r o u t c e n t r a l m a r k e ti n g p o in t. P r i c e d a t a a r e g e n p r i c e u s e d in t h e c a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e i n d e x e s p u t p e r u n i t o f c a p i t a l i n p u t, a s w e l l a s m e a e ra lly collected m o n th ly , p r i m a r i l y b y m a il is t h e a c t u a l p r i c e f o r w h i c h t h e p r o d u c t s u r e s o f m u lt i f a c to r p r o d u c ti v i ty ( o u t p u t p e r q u e s tio n n a ire . M o s t p ric e s a re o b ta in e d d i r e c t ly f r o m p r o d u c i n g c o m p a n i e s o n a v o l w a s b o u g h t o r s o ld . u n i t o f c o m b i n e d l a b o r a n d c a p i t a l in p u ts ) . In a d d itio n to g e n e r a l in d e x e s o f p r ic e s fo r T h e B u r e a u i n d e x e s s h o w t h e c h a n g e in o u t u n ta ry a n d c o n fid e n tia l b a s is . P ric e s g e n e r U .S . e x p o r ts a n d im p o r ts , i n d e x e s a r e a ls o p u t r e la ti v e to c h a n g e s in t h e v a r io u s in p u ts . a lly a r e r e p o r t e d f o r th e T u e s d a y o f th e w e e k p u b lis h e d f o r d e ta ile d p r o d u c t c a te g o r ie s o f T h e m e a s u r e s c o v e r th e b u s i n e s s , n o n f a r m c o n t a i n i n g t h e 1 3 th d a y o f th e m o n th . e x p o r ts a n d im p o rts . T h e s e c a te g o r ie s a r e d e b u s i n e s s , m a n u f a c t u r i n g , a n d n o n f i n a n c ia l f in e d a c c o r d in g to th e f iv e - d ig it le v e l o f d e ta il c o r p o r a t e s e c to r s . S in c e J a n u a ry 1 9 9 2 , p ric e c h a n g e s fo r th e v a r io u s c o m m o d itie s h a v e b e e n a v e r a g e d f o r th e B u r e a u o f E c o n o m ic A n a ly s is E n d - u s e C o rre s p o n d in g in d e x e s o f h o u rly c o m t o g e t h e r w i t h i m p l i c i t q u a n ti t y w e i g h ts r e p C la s s ific a tio n , th e th re e -d ig it le v e l f o r th e S ta n p e n s a tio n , u n it la b o r c o s ts , u n it n o n la b o r r e s e n t i n g t h e i r i m p o r t a n c e in th e t o ta l n e t d a r d I n te r n a tio n a l T r a d e C la s s if ic a tio n (S IT C ), p a y m e n ts , a n d p r ic e s a re a ls o p r o v id e d . s e l li n g v a lu e o f a ll c o m m o d i t i e s a s o f 1 9 8 7 . a n d th e f o u r - d ig it le v e l o f d e ta il f o r th e H a r T h e d e t a i l e d d a t a a r e a g g r e g a t e d to o b t a i n m o n iz e d S y s te m . A g g r e g a te im p o r t in d e x e s b y in d e x e s fo r s ta g e -o f-p ro c e s s in g g ro u p in g s , c o u n tr y o r r e g io n o f o r ig in a re a ls o a v a ila b le . c o m m o d ity g r o u p in g s , d u ra b ility -o f-p ro d u c t g r o u p i n g s , a n d a n u m b e r o f s p e c ia l c o m p o s i t e g r o u p s . A ll P r o d u c e r P r i c e I n d e x d a ta a r e s u b j e c t to r e v is io n 4 m o n th s a f t e r o r i g i BLS p u b lis h e s in d e x e s f o r s e le c t e d c a t O utput per hour o f all persons ( l a b o r p r o e g o r ie s o f in te r n a tio n a lly tr a d e d s e r v ic e s , d u c t i v i t y ) is th e q u a n ti t y o f g o o d s a n d s e r c a lc u la te d o n an in te r n a tio n a l b a s is a n d o n v i c e s p r o d u c e d p e r h o u r o f l a b o r in p u t. a b a la n c e - o f- p a y m e n t s b a s is . n a l p u b l ic a ti o n . F o r a d d it io n a l in f o r m a t io n v ic e s p ro d u c e d p e r u n it o f c a p ita l s e rv ic e s N o tes o n the d a ta in p u t. In d e x e s: (2 0 2 ) 6 9 1 - 7 7 0 5 . International Price Indexes The T h e e x p o rt a n d im p o rt p ric e in d e x e s are w e i g h te d in d e x e s o f th e L a s p e y r e s ty p e . T h e tr a d e w e ig h ts c u r re n tly u s e d to c o m p u te b o t h i n d e x e s r e la te to 2 0 0 0 . B e c a u s e a p r i c e i n d e x d e p e n d s o n th e D e scrip tio n of the series International Price Program p r o d u c e s m o n th ly a n d q u a r te r ly e x p o r t a n d im p o rt Out put per unit o f capital services ( c a p ita l p r o d u c t i v i t y ) is th e q u a n t i t y o f g o o d s a n d s e r , c o n ta c t th e D i v i s i o n o f I n d u s t r i a l P r i c e s a n d P r i c e Definitions s a m e ite m s b e in g p r i c e d f r o m p e r io d to p e r i o d , it is n e c e s s a r y to r e c o g n i z e w h e n a p r i c e in d e x e s f o r n o n m il i ta r y g o o d s a n d s e r p r o d u c t ’s s p e c if i c a t io n s o r t e r m s o f t r a n s a c t io n h a v e b e e n m o d if i e d . F o r t h is r e a s o n , th e v i c e s t r a d e d b e tw e e n th e U n i t e d S ta te s a n d B u r e a u ’s q u e s t io n n a i r e r e q u e s t s d e ta i le d d e th e r e s t o f th e w o rld . T h e e x p o r t p r ic e in s c r ip tio n s o f th e p h y s ic a l a n d fu n c tio n a l d e x p ro v id e s a m e a s u re o f p ric e c h a n g e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f th e p r o d u c ts b e in g p r i c e d , f o r a l l p r o d u c t s s o l d b y U . S . r e s i d e n t s to a s w e ll a s in f o r m a tio n o n th e n u m b e r o f u n its f o r e i g n b u y e r s . ( “ R e s i d e n t s ” is d e f i n e d a s b o u g h t o r s o ld , d is c o u n ts , c r e d it te r m s , p a c k in t h e n a t i o n a l i n c o m e a c c o u n t s ; i t i n M ultifactor productivity is th e q u a n tity o f g o o d s a n d s e r v ic e s p r o d u c e d p e r c o m b i n e d in p u ts . F o r p r i v a t e b u s i n e s s a n d p r i v a te n o n f a r m b u s i n e s s , i n p u ts i n c l u d e l a b o r a n d c a p i t a l u n its . F o r m a n u f a c t u r i n g , in p u ts in c lu d e la b o r , c a p ita l, e n e r g y , n o n e n e r g y m a te r i a l s , a n d p u r c h a s e d b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s . Compensation per hour is to ta l c o m p e n s a t io n d i v id e d b y h o u r s a t w o r k . T o ta l c o m p e n s a t i o n e q u a l s th e w a g e s a n d s a l a r i e s o f e m p l o y e e s p l u s e m p l o y e r s ’ c o n tr i b u t io n s f o r so c ia l in s u ra n c e a n d p riv a te b e n e fit p la n s , p l u s a n e s t im a te o f t h e s e p a y m e n t s f o r t h e s e l f - e m p lo y e d ( e x c e p t f o r n o n f i n a n c i a l c o r p o r a t i o n s in w h i c h t h e r e a r e n o s e l f - e m Real com pensation per hour is a g in g , c la s s o f b u y e r o r s e lle r, a n d so fo rth . p lo y e d ). c lu d e s c o r p o ra tio n s , b u s in e s s e s , a n d in d i W h e n th e r e a r e c h a n g e s in e ith e r th e s p e c if i c o m p e n s a tio n p e r h o u r d e f la te d b y th e v id u a ls , b u t d o e s n o t r e q u ir e th e o r g a n i c a tio n s o r te r m s o f tr a n s a c tio n o f a p r o d u c t, c h a n g e in th e C o n s u m e r P r i c e I n d e x f o r A l l z a tio n s to b e U .S . o w n e d n o r th e in d iv id u th e d o lla r v a lu e o f e a c h c h a n g e is d e le te d f r o m U rb a n C o n su m e rs. a ls to h a v e U .S . c itiz e n s h ip .) T h e im p o r t th e to ta l p r ic e c h a n g e to o b ta in th e “ p u r e ” U nit labor costs a r e t h e l a b o r c o m p e n p ric e in d e x p ro v id e s a m e a s u re o f p ric e c h a n g e fo r g o o d s p u rc h a s e d fro m o th e r c h a n g e . O n c e th is v a lu e is d e te r m in e d , a lin k s a tio n c o s ts e x p e n d e d in th e p r o d u c tio n in g p r o c e d u r e is e m p lo y e d w h ic h a llo w s f o r o f a u n it o f o u tp u t a n d a re d e riv e d b y d iv id c o u n tr ie s b y U .S . r e s id e n ts . th e c o n tin u e d r e p ric in g o f th e ite m . in g c o m p e n s a ti o n b y o u t p u t. Unit nonlabor p aym en ts i n c l u d e p r o f i t s , d e p r e c i a t i o n , T h e p r o d u c t u n i v e r s e f o r b o t h th e i m p o r t F or a d d it io n a l in f o r m a t io n , c o n ta c t a n d e x p o r t i n d e x e s i n c l u d e s r a w m a t e r i a ls , th e D i v i s i o n o f I n t e r n a ti o n a l P r ic e s : ( 2 0 2 ) a g ric u ltu ra l p ro d u c ts , s e m ifin is h e d m a n u 6 9 1 -7 1 5 5 . i n te r e s t , a n d i n d i r e c t t a x e s p e r u n i t o f o u t p u t. T h e y a re c o m p u te d b y s u b tra c tin g f a c t u r e s , a n d f i n is h e d m a n u f a c t u r e s , i n c l u d c o m p e n s a t i o n o f a ll p e r s o n s f r o m c u r r e n t - in g b o t h c a p i t a l a n d c o n s u m e r g o o d s . P r i c e d o lla r v a lu e o f o u tp u t a n d d iv id in g b y o u t p u t. d a t a f o r t h e s e ite m s a r e c o l l e c t e d p r i m a r i ly b y m a il q u e s t i o n n a i r e . In n e a r l y a ll c a s e s , t h e d a t a a r e c o l l e c t e d d i r e c tl y f r o m th e e x Productivity Data ( T a b le s 2 ; 4 8 - 5 1 ) p o r t e r o r im p o r t e r , a lt h o u g h in a f e w c a s e s , c e p t u n i t p r o f i ts . p ric e s a re o b ta in e d fro m o th e r so u rc es. T o t h e e x t e n t p o s s i b l e , th e d a t a g a th e r e d Business and major sectors r e f e r to p r i c e s a t th e U .S . b o r d e r f o r e x p o r ts a n d a t e i t h e r t h e f o r e i g n b o r d e r o r t h e U .S . 60 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis U nit p rofits i n c l u d e c o r p o r a t e p r o f i t s w ith in v e n to ry v a lu a tio n a n d c a p ita l c o n s u m p tio n a d ju s tm e n ts p e r u n it o f o u tp u t. D escrip tio n of the series b o r d e r f o r i m p o r t s . F o r n e a r l y a ll p r o d u c ts , th e p r ic e s r e f e r to tr a n s a c tio n s c o m U nit nonlabor costs c o n t a i n a ll t h e c o m p o n e n ts o f u n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n ts e x T h e p r o d u c ti v i ty m e a s u r e s r e l a t e r e a l o u t October 2004 Hours o f all persons a r e t h e t o ta l h o u r s a t w o rk o f p a y ro ll w o rk e rs , s e lf-e m p lo y e d p e r s o n s , a n d u n p a id f a m i l y w o r k e r s . Labor inputs a r e h o u r s o f a ll p e r s o n s a d f o r c e ; c a p i t a l in v e s tm e n t; l e v e l o f o u tp u t; d u c in g t h a t o u t p u t. j u s t e d f o r th e e f f e c ts o f c h a n g e s in th e e d u c h a n g e s in th e u t il i z a t i o n o f c a p a c ity , e n c lu d e c a p i t a l , l a b o r , a n d i n te r m e d i a t e p u r c a t i o n a n d e x p e r i e n c e o f th e l a b o r f o r c e . e r g y , m a t e r i a l, a n d r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p c h ases. T h e m ea su re o f m e n t; th e o r g a n iz a t i o n o f p r o d u c ti o n ; m a n a r e s e n t s th e f l o w o f s e r v i c e s f r o m th e c a p i t a l Capital services a r e th e f l o w o f s e r v ic e s Com bined inputs in capital input r e p f r o m th e c a p i t a l s t o c k u s e d in p r o d u c ti o n . I t g e r ia l s k ill; a n d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d e f f o r t s s t o c k u s e d in p r o d u c t i o n . is d e v e l o p e d f r o m m e a s u r e s o f th e n e t s t o c k o f th e w o r k f o r c e . f r o m m e a s u r e s o f th e n e t s t o c k o f p h y s i c a l o f p h y s i c a l a s s e t s — e q u i p m e n t , s t r u c tu r e s , F or a d d it io n a l in f o r m a t io n o n t h is l a n d , a n d i n v e n t o r i e s — w e i g h t e d b y r e n ta l p r o d u c ti v i ty s e r ie s , c o n t a c t th e D i v i s i o n o f p r i c e s f o r e a c h ty p e o f a s s e t. P r o d u c t iv i t y R e s e a r c h : ( 2 0 2 ) 6 9 1 - 5 6 0 6 . Com bined units o f labor and capital inputs a r e d e r iv e d b y c o m b i n i n g c h a n g e s in l a b o r a n d c a p i t a l i n p u t w i t h w e i g h ts w h i c h r e p r e s e n t e a c h c o m p o n e n t ’s s h a r e o f to ta l a s s e t s — e q u ip m e n t, s t r u c tu r e s , l a n d , a n d in T h e m e a s u r e o f interm ediate purchases is a c o m b i n a t i o n o f p u r c h a s e d v e n to rie s . m a t e r i a ls , s e r v i c e s , f u e ls , a n d e le c t r i c i t y . Industry productivity measures N o tes o n the d a ta c o s t. C o m b in e d u n its o f la b o r, c a p ita l, e n e rg y , m a te ria ls , a n d p u r c h a s e d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s a re I t is d e v e l o p e d T h e in d u s t r y m e a s u r e s a r e c o m p i l e d f r o m D escrip tion of the series d a ta p ro d u c e d b y th e B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta e a c h in p u t w ith w e ig h ts th a t r e p r e s e n t e a c h The tio n a l d a ta s u p p lie d b y o th e r g o v e rn m e n t i n p u t ’s s h a r e o f to ta l c o s ts . T h e in d e x e s f o r s u re th e re la tio n s h ip b e tw e e n o u tp u t a n d e a c h in p u t a n d f o r c o m b in e d u n its a re b a s e d in p u ts f o r s e l e c te d i n d u s t r ie s a n d i n d u s t r y o n c h a n g in g w e ig h ts w h ic h a re a v e r a g e s o f th e g r o u p s , a n d th u s r e f l e c t t r e n d s in i n d u s t r y s h a r e s in th e c u r r e n t a n d p r e c e d in g y e a r (th e e f f i c ie n c y o v e r tim e . I n d u s t r y m e a s u r e s i n T o m q u is t i n d e x - n u m b e r fo r m u la ) . c lu d e l a b o r p r o d u c t i v i t y , m u l t i f a c t o r p r o s im ila r ly d e r iv e d b y c o m b i n i n g c h a n g e s in bls t is ti c s a n d th e C e n s u s B u r e a u , w i t h a d d i in d u s t r y p r o d u c ti v i ty i n d e x e s m e a a g e n c ie s , tra d e a s s o c ia tio n s , a n d o th e r so u rc es. F O R A D D I T I O N A L IN F O R M A T IO N On th is s e r i e s , c o n ta c t th e D i v i s i o n o f I n d u s t r y P r o d u c ti v i ty S tu d ie s : ( 2 0 2 ) 6 9 1 - 5 6 1 8 . d u c tiv ity , c o m p e n s a tio n , a n d u n it la b o r c o s ts . N o tes o n the d a ta T h e in d u s t r y m e a s u r e s d i f f e r in m e t h o d o l o g y a n d d a t a s o u r c e s f r o m th e p r o d u c B u s i n e s s s e c t o r o u t p u t is a n a n n u a l l y w e ig h te d in d e x c o n s tr u c te d b y e x c lu d in g f r o m r e a l g r o s s d o m e s t i c p r o d u c t (G D P ) th e t i v i t y m e a s u r e s f o r th e m a j o r s e c t o r s b e c a u s e th e i n d u s tr y m e a s u r e s a r e d e v e l o p e d i n d e p e n d e n t l y o f th e N a t io n a l I n c o m e a n d f o l lo w in g o u tp u ts : g e n e r a l g o v e r n m e n t, n o n P r o d u c t A c c o u n t s f r a m e w o r k u s e d f o r th e p r o f i t in s t it u t io n s , p a id e m p l o y e e s o f p r iv a te m a j o r s e c to r m e a s u r e s . h o u s e h o l d s , a n d th e r e n ta l v a lu e o f o w n e r o c c u p i e d d w e l li n g s . N o n f a r m b u s i n e s s a ls o e x c lu d e s fa rm in g . P riv a te b u s in e s s a n d p r i International Comparisons ( T a b le s 5 2 - 5 4 ) Labor force and unemployment D e scrip tio n of the series Definitions T a b le s 5 2 a n d 5 3 p r e s e n t c o m p a r a t i v e m e a s v a te n o n f a r m b u s i n e s s f u r t h e r e x c l u d e g o v Output per hour is d e r iv e d b y d i v id i n g a n e rn m e n t e n te rp ris e s . T h e m e a s u re s a re s u p p lie d b y th e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f C o m m e r c e ’s in d e x o f i n d u s tr y o u t p u t b y a n in d e x o f l a u n e m p lo y m e n t a p p r o x im a tin g U .S . c o n output in c e p t s f o r th e U n i t e d S t a te s , C a n a d a , A u s t r a d e x e s a r e d e r iv e d f r o m d a t a o n th e v a lu e o f lia , J a p a n , a n d s ix E u r o p e a n c o u n tr i e s . T h e B u re a u o f E c o n o m ic A n a ly s is . A n n u a l e s ti m a t e s o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g s e c to r a l o u t p u t a r e b o r i n p u t. F o r m o s t i n d u s t r ie s , u r e s o f th e l a b o r f o r c e , e m p l o y m e n t , a n d i n d u s t r y o u t p u t a d ju s te d f o r p r i c e c h a n g e . l a b o r fo r c e s ta tis tic s p u b lis h e d b y o th e r in d u s F o r th e r e m a in i n g i n d u s tr ie s , o u t p u t i n d e x e s tria l c o u n tr ie s a r e n o t, in m o s t c a s e s , c o m p a a r e d e r iv e d f r o m d a t a o n th e p h y s i c a l q u a n r a b le to U .S . c o n c e p ts . T h e r e f o r e , th e B u r e a u tity o f p r o d u c ti o n . labor input s e r i e s is b a s e d o n th e a d ju s ts th e f ig u r e s f o r s e le c te d c o u n tr ie s , fo r a ll k n o w n m a jo r d e f in itio n a l d iff e r e n c e s , to th e o f th e B u r e a u o f E c o n o m i c A n a l y s i s a n d th e h o u r s o f a ll w o r k e r s o r, in th e c a s e o f s o m e t r a n s p o r ta ti o n i n d u s t r ie s , o n t h e n u m b e r o f e x te n t th a t d a ta to p r e p a r e a d ju s tm e n ts a r e a v a ila b le . A lth o u g h p r e c is e c o m p a r a b ility m a y p r o d u c e d b y t h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta ti s t i c s . Q u a r te r ly m a n u f a c tu r in g o u tp u t in d e x e s f r o m th e F e d e r a l R e s e r v e B o a r d a r e a d ju s te d to t h e s e a n n u a l o u t p u t m e a s u r e s b y th e b l s . C o m p e n s a t i o n d a ta a r e d e v e l o p e d f r o m d a ta The B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a ti s t i c s . H o u r s d a ta a r e e m p l o y e e s . F o r m o s t i n d u s t r ie s , th e s e r ie s n o t b e a c h ie v e d , th e s e a d ju s te d f ig u r e s p r o d e v e l o p e d f r o m d a ta o f t h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a ti s t i c s . c o n s i s t s o f th e h o u r s o f a ll e m p l o y e e s . F o r s o m e t r a d e a n d s e r v i c e s i n d u s t r ie s , th e s e v id e a b e tte r b a s is f o r in te r n a tio n a l c o m p a r i s o n s th a n th e f ig u r e s r e g u la r ly p u b lis h e d b y T h e p ro d u c tiv ity a n d a s s o c ia te d c o s t r i e s a ls o i n c l u d e s th e h o u r s o f p a r tn e r s , p r o e a c h c o u n try . F o r f u r th e r in f o r m a tio n o n a d p r i e t o r s , a n d u n p a id f a m i l y w o r k e r s . ju s tm e n ts a n d c o m p a r a b ility is s u e s , se e m e a s u r e s in t a b l e s 4 8 - 5 1 d e s c r i b e th e r e l a t io n s h ip b e t w e e n o u t p u t in r e a l t e r m s a n d t h e l a b o r a n d c a p i t a l in p u ts in v o lv e d in its p r o d u c ti o n . T h e y s h o w th e c h a n g e s f r o m p e r i o d to p e r i o d in th e a m o u n t o f g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s p r o d u c e d p e r u n i t o f in p u t. A l t h o u g h t h e s e m e a s u r e s r e la te o u t p u t to h o u rs a n d c a p ita l s e rv ic e s , th e y d o n o t m e a U nit lab or costs r e p r e s e n t t h e l a b o r C o n s ta n c e S o r r e n tin o , “ I n te r n a tio n a l u n e m c o m p e n s a tio n c o s ts p e r u n it o f o u tp u t p r o p lo y m e n t ra te s : h o w c o m p a r a b le a r e th e y ? ” d u c e d , a n d a r e d e r iv e d b y d i v id i n g a n in d e x Monthly Labor Review, o f l a b o r c o m p e n s a ti o n b y a n in d e x o f o u t p u t. Labor com pensation in c l u d e s p a y r o ll a s w e ll a s s u p p l e m e n t a l p a y m e n t s , i n c l u d s u r e t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n s o f la b o r , c a p i t a l , o r in g b o t h le g a l ly r e q u ir e d e x p e n d i t u r e s a n d a n y o th e r s p e c ific f a c to r o f p ro d u c tio n . p a y m e n t s f o r v o l u n ta r y p r o g r a m s . June 2000, pp. 3 -2 0 http:// w w w .bls.gov/opub/m lr/2000/06/ artlfulLpdf). ( a v a ila b le o n th e BLS W e b s ite a t Definitions R a th e r , th e y r e f l e c t th e j o i n t e f f e c t o f m a n y M ultifactor productivity is d e r i v e d b y F o r th e p r i n c i p a l U .S . d e f i n i t i o n s o f th e l a i n f l u e n c e s , i n c l u d i n g c h a n g e s in t e c h n o l d i v id i n g a n in d e x o f in d u s t r y o u t p u t b y a n b o r fo rc e , e m p lo y m e n t, a n d u n e m p lo y m e n t, o g y ; s h i f t s in t h e c o m p o s i t i o n o f th e la b o r in d e x o f c o m b i n e d in p u ts c o n s u m e d in p r o s e e th e N o t e s s e c ti o n o n E m p l o y m e n t a n d https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 61 Current Labor Statistics U n e m p lo y m e n t D a ta : H o u s e h o ld s u rv e y d a ta . N otes o n the d a ta p a s s iv e jo b s e e k e rs as u n e m p lo y e d . A n F or a d d it io n a l in f o r m a t io n o n th is a d ju s tm e n t is m a d e to e x c lu d e th e m in C a n a d a , s e r ie s , c o n ta c t th e D iv is io n o f F o r e ig n b u t n o t in th e E u r o p e a n c o u n tr ie s w h e r e th e L abor p h e n o m e n o n is le s s p r e v a le n t. P e r s o n s w a itin g flshelp@bls.gov S ta tis tic s : (2 0 2 ) 6 9 1 -5 6 5 4 or to s t a r t a n e w j o b a r e c o u n te d a m o n g th e T he fo re ig n c o u n try d a ta a re a d ju s te d as u n e m p lo y e d f o r a ll o th e r c o u n tr ie s , w h e th e r c lo s e ly a s p o s s ib le to U .S . c o n c e p ts , w ith th e o r n o t th e y w e r e a c tiv e ly s e e k in g w o rk . e x c e p tio n o f lo w e r a g e lim its a n d th e tr e a tm e n t T h e fig u re s fo r o n e o r m o re re c e n t y e a rs o f la y o ffs . T h e s e a d ju s tm e n ts in c lu d e , b u t a re f o r F r a n c e , G e r m a n y , a n d t h e N e th e r la n d s a re n o t lim ite d to : in c lu d in g o ld e r p e r s o n s in th e c a l c u l a te d u s in g a d ju s tm e n t f a c to r s b a s e d o n la b o r f o r c e b y im p o s in g n o u p p e r a g e lim it, l a b o r f o r c e s u r v e y s f o r e a r l ie r y e a r s a n d a r e a d d in g Manufacturing productivity and labor costs D e scrip tio n of the series th e c o n s id e r e d p re lim in a ry . T h e r e c e n t y e a r u n e m p lo y e d , e x c lu d in g th e m ilita ry a n d fa m ily m e a s u r e s f o r t h e s e c o u n tr i e s a r e th e r e f o r e T a b le 5 4 p re s e n ts c o m p a ra tiv e in d e x e s o f m a n u f a c tu r in g la b o r p r o d u c tiv ity ( o u tp u t p e r w o r k e r s w o r k in g f e w e r th a n 15 h o u r s f r o m th e s u b j e c t to r e v is io n w h e n e v e r m o r e c u r r e n t h o u r ) , o u tp u t, to ta l h o u rs , c o m p e n s a tio n p e r e m p lo y e d , a n d e x c lu d in g p e r s o n s e n g a g e d in la b o r f o r c e s u r v e y s b e c o m e a v a ila b le . h o u r, a n d u n it la b o r c o s ts f o r th e U n ite d S ta te s , u n e m p lo y e d s tu d e n ts to T h e r e a r e b r e a k s in s e r ie s f o r th e U n ite d p a s s i v e j o b s e a r c h f r o m th e u n e m p lo y e d . D a t a f o r th e U n i t e d S ta te s r e la te to th e p o p u la tio n 16 y e a r s o f a g e a n d o ld e r. T h e U .S . S ta te s ( 1 9 9 4 , 1 9 9 7 , 1 9 9 8 , 1 9 9 9 , 2 0 0 0 , 2 0 0 3 ) , A u s tr a l ia ( 2 0 0 1 ) , a n d G e r m a n y (1 9 9 9 ) . C a n a d a , J a p a n , a n d n in e E u r o p e a n c o u n tr ie s . T h e s e m e a s u r e s a re tr e n d c o m p a r is o n s — th a t is, s e rie s th a t m e a s u r e c h a n g e s o v e r tim e — c o n c e p t o f th e w o r k i n g a g e p o p u l a t i o n h a s F o r th e U n i t e d S ta te s , b e g in n i n g in 1 9 9 4 , n o u p p e r a g e l i m i t . T h e a d j u s t e d to U .S . d a ta a r e n o t s tric tly c o m p a r a b le f o r p r io r y e a rs ra th e r th a n le v e l c o m p a ris o n s . T h e r e a re g r e a te r te c h n ic a l p r o b le m s in c o m p a r in g th e le v e ls o f c o n c e p ts s ta tis tic s h a v e b e e n a d a p te d , i n s o f a r b e c a u s e o f th e in tr o d u c tio n o f a m a jo r m a n u f a c tu r in g o u tp u t a m o n g c o u n tr ie s . a s p o s s ib l e , to th e a g e a t w h ic h c o m p u l s o r y r e d e s i g n o f th e l a b o r f o r c e s u r v e y q u e s t io n s c h o o l i n g e n d s in e a c h c o u n t r y , a n d t h e n a ir e a n d c o lle c tio n m e th o d o lo g y . T h e S w e d i s h s t a t i s t i c s h a v e b e e n a d j u s t e d to r e d e s ig n e f f e c t h a s b e e n e s tim a te d to in c r e a s e B L S c o n s t r u c t s th e c o m p a r a t i v e in d e x e s f r o m t h r e e b a s ic a g g r e g a te m e a s u r e s — o u t p u t , to ta l l a b o r h o u r s , a n d to ta l c o m p e n s a i n c lu d e p e r s o n s o l d e r th a n th e S w e d is h u p p e r t h e o v e r a l l u n e m p l o y m e n t r a t e b y 0 .1 a g e lim i t o f 6 4 y e a r s . T h e a d ju s te d s ta tis tic s p e r c e n ta g e p o in t. O t h e r b r e a k s n o te d r e la te tio n . T h e h o u r s a n d c o m p e n s a ti o n m e a s u r e s r e f e r to a ll e m p l o y e d p e r s o n s ( w a g e a n d s a l p r e s e n t e d h e r e r e la te to th e p o p u l a t i o n 16 to c h a n g e s in p o p u l a t i o n c o n tr o l s t h a t h a d a ry e a rn e rs p lu s s e lf-e m p lo y e d p e rs o n s a n d y e a r s o f a g e a n d o l d e r in F r a n c e , S w e d e n , a n d th e U n ite d K in g d o m ; 15 y e a r s o f a g e a n d v ir tu a lly n o e f f e c t o n u n e m p l o y m e n t r a te s . F o r a d e s c r i p t i o n o f a ll th e c h a n g e s in th e u n p a id f a m i l y w o r k e r s ) in th e U n i t e d S ta te s , C a n a d a , Ja p a n , F ra n c e , G e rm an y , N o rw ay , o l d e r in A u s tr a lia , J a p a n , G e r m a n y , I ta ly , a n d U .S . la b o r f o r c e s u r v e y o v e r tim e a n d t h e ir a n d S w e d e n , a n d to a ll e m p l o y e e s ( w a g e a n d th e N e t h e r l a n d s . A n e x c e p ti o n to th is r u le is im p a c t, s e e H i s t o r i c a l C o m p a r a b i li t y in th e s a l a r y e a r n e r s ) in th e o t h e r c o u n tr i e s . t h a t th e C a n a d i a n s t a tis tic s a r e a d ju s te d to “ H o u s e h o l d D a t a ” s e c tio n o f th e p u b li Employment and Earnings ( a v a ila b le c o v e r th e p o p u l a t i o n 16 y e a r s o f a g e a n d c a tio n o ld e r , w h e r e a s th e a g e a t w h ic h c o m p u l s o r y o n th e B L S W e b s ite a t s c h o o lin g e n d s r e m a in s a t 15 y e a rs . In th e la b o r bls http://www.bls.gov/ cps/eetech_methods.pdf). f o r c e p a r t i c i p a t i o n r a te s a n d e m p l o y m e n t - F o r A u s tr a lia , th e 2 0 0 1 b r e a k r e f l e c t s th e p o p u l a t i o n r a t i o s , t h e d e n o m i n a t o r is t h e in tr o d u c t io n in A p r il 2 0 0 1 o f a r e d e s i g n e d c iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a liz e d w o rk in g a g e l a b o r f o r c e s u r v e y t h a t a llo w e d f o r a c lo s e r p o p u la tio n , e x c e p t t h a t th e i n s titu tio n a liz e d a p p lic a tio n o f I n te r n a tio n a l L a b o r O ffic e w o r k in g a g e p o p u la tio n is in c lu d e d in J a p a n g u id e l i n e s f o r th e d e f in i t io n s o f la b o r f o r c e a n d G e rm a n y . s ta tis tic s . T h e A u s tr a lia n B u r e a u o f S ta tis tic s In th e U n ite d S ta te s , th e u n e m p lo y e d r e v is e d t h e i r d a ta s o th e r e is n o b r e a k in th e in c lu d e p e r s o n s w h o a r e n o t e m p l o y e d a n d e m p l o y m e n t s e r ie s . H o w e v e r , th e r e c l a s s i w h o w e r e a c t i v e l y s e e k in g w o r k d u r in g th e fic a tio n o f p e rs o n s w h o h a d n o t a c tiv e ly r e f e r e n c e p e r io d , a s w e ll a s p e r s o n s o n la y o ff. lo o k e d f o r w o r k b e c a u s e th e y w e r e w a itin g to P e r s o n s w a itin g to s ta r t a n e w j o b w h o w e r e b e g in a n e w j o b f r o m “ n o t in th e la b o r f o r c e ” a c tiv e ly s e e k in g w o r k d u r in g th e r e f e r e n c e to “ u n e m p lo y e d ” c o u ld o n ly b e in c o r p o r a te d Definitions Output, in g e n e r a l, r e f e r s to v a lu e a d d e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g f r o m th e n a ti o n a l a c c o u n t s o f e a c h c o u n tr y . H o w e v e r , t h e o u t p u t s e r i e s f o r J a p a n p r i o r to 1 9 7 0 is a n in d e x o f in d u s t r ia l p r o d u c ti o n , a n d th e n a ti o n a l a c c o u n ts m e a s u r e s f o r th e U n i t e d K i n g d o m a r e e s s e n t ia l ly id e n t i c a l to t h e i r in d e x e s o f i n d u s t r ia l p r o d u c ti o n . T h e 1 9 7 7 - 9 7 o u t p u t d a t a f o r th e U n i t e d S ta te s a re th e g r o s s p r o d u c t o r ig in a tin g (v a lu e a d d e d ) m e a s u r e s p r e p a r e d b y th e B u r e a u o f E c o n o m i c A n a l y s i s o f t h e U .S . D e p a rtm e n t o f C o m m e rc e . C o m p a ra b le p e r io d a r e c o u n te d a s u n e m p lo y e d u n d e r U .S . f o r A p ril 2 0 0 1 f o r w a r d . T h is r e c la s s if ic a tio n c o n c e p ts ; i f th e y w e r e n o t a c tiv e ly s e e k in g d iv e r g e s f r o m th e U .S . d e f in itio n w h e re w o r k , th e y a r e n o t c o u n te d in th e l a b o r f o r c e . p e r s o n s w a i ti n g to s ta r t a n e w j o b b u t n o t U .S . g r o s s p r o d u c t o r i g in a t in g is a c h a i n - In so m e c o u n trie s , p e rs o n s o n la y o ff a re a c tiv e ly s e e k in g w o r k a re n o t c o u n te d in th e ty p e a n n u a l - w e i g h t e d s e r ie s . ( F o r m o r e i n m a n u f a c t u r i n g o u t p u t d a ta c u r r e n t ly a r e n o t a v a i l a b l e p r i o r to 1 9 7 7 . c la s s if i e d a s e m p l o y e d d u e to t h e ir s tr o n g j o b la b o r f o rc e . T h e im p a c t o f th e re c la s s if ic a tio n f o r m a t i o n o n th e U .S . m e a s u r e , s e e R o b e r t a tta c h m e n t. N o a d ju s tm e n t is m a d e f o r th e w a s a n in c r e a s e in th e u n e m p lo y m e n t r a te b y E . Y u s k a v a g e , “ I m p r o v e d E s t im a te s o f G r o s s c o u n tr ie s th a t c la s s ify th o s e o n la y o f f as 0.1 p e r c e n ta g e p o in t in 2 0 0 1 . P ro d u c t b y In d u s try , 1 9 5 9 - 9 4 ,” F o r G e r m a n y , th e 1 9 9 9 b r e a k r e f le c ts th e e m p lo y e d . In th e U n ite d S ta te s , a s in A u s tr a lia Current Business, Survey of A u g u st 1 9 96, p p . 133— a n d J a p a n , p a s s i v e j o b s e e k e r s a r e n o t in th e i n c o r p o r a tio n o f a n i m p r o v e d m e th o d o f d a ta la b o r f o r c e ; j o b s e a r c h m u s t b e a c tiv e , s u c h c a l c u l a t i o n a n d a c h a n g e in c o v e r a g e to u p o n o n e s e t o f f i x e d p r i c e w e i g h ts f o r th e as p la c in g o r a n s w e r in g a d v e r tis e m e n ts , p e r s o n s liv in g in p r iv a te h o u s e h o ld s o n ly . y e a rs 1 9 7 0 th ro u g h 1 9 9 7 . O u tp u t s e rie s fo r 5 5 .) T h e J a p a n e s e v a lu e a d d e d s e r ie s is b a s e d F o r f u r t h e r q u a li f i c a ti o n s a n d h i s t o r ic a l th e o t h e r f o r e i g n e c o n o m i e s a ls o e m p l o y a d s is n o t e n o u g h to q u a lif y a s a c tiv e s e a rc h ) . Comparative Civilian Labor Force Statistics, Ten Countries, o n th e B L S W e b s ite C a n a d a a n d th e E u r o p e a n c o u n tr i e s c la s s if y at f i x e d p r i c e w e i g h ts , b u t t h e w e i g h ts a r e u p d a te d p e r io d ic a lly ( f o r e x a m p le , e v e r y 5 o r 1 0 y e a rs). c o n ta c t i n g e m p l o y e r s d ir e c tly ,o r r e g is te r in g w ith a n e m p l o y m e n t a g e n c y ( s im p ly r e a d i n g 62 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis d a ta , s e e http://www.bls.gov/fls/flslforc.pdf October 2004 T o p r e s e r v e th e c o m p a r a b i l it y o f th e U .S . m e a s u re s w ith th o s e fo r o th e r e c o n o m ie s , S ta n d a r d I n d u s tr ia l C la s s if ic a tio n . H o w e v e r , O ccupational injury is a n y i n ju r y s u c h th e m e a s u r e s f o r F r a n c e ( f o r a ll y e a r s ) a n d a s a c u t, f r a c t u r e , s p r a i n , o r a m p u t a t i o n t h a t B LS u s e s g r o s s p r o d u c t o r i g i n a t i n g in m a n u f a c tu r in g f o r t h e U n i t e d S ta te s f o r th e s e c o m I ta ly ( b e g in n in g in 1 9 7 0 ) r e f e r to m in i n g a n d m a n u f a c t u r i n g le s s e n e r g y - r e la t e d p r o d u c ts , r e s u lts fro m a w o rk -re la te d e v e n t o r a s i n g l e , i n s t a n t a n e o u s e x p o s u r e in t h e w o r k p a r a t iv e m e a s u r e s . T h e g r o s s p r o d u c t o r i g i a n d th e m e a s u r e s f o r D e n m a r k i n c l u d e m in e n v iro n m e n t. n a ti n g s e r i e s d i f f e r s f r o m th e m a n u f a c t u r in g a n d e x c l u d e m a n u f a c t u r i n g h a n d ic r a f t s in g o u t p u t s e r i e s t h a t f r o m 1 9 6 0 to 1 9 6 6 . m e a s u r e s t h a t a p p e a r in t a b l e s 4 8 a n d 5 0 in in g o u t p u t ( s u c h a s in d u s t r ia l p r o d u c t i o n i n t h is s e c ti o n ) . T h e q u a r te r ly m e a s u r e s a r e o n d e x e s ), e m p lo y m e n t, a v e ra g e h o u rs, an d Occupational illness is a n a b n o r m a l c o n d itio n o r d is o r d e r , o t h e r th a n o n e r e s u ltin g f r o m a n o c c u p a ti o n a l in ju r y , c a u s e d b y e x p o s u r e to f a c t o r s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h e m p l o y m e n t. I t i n c lu d e s a c u te a n d c h r o n ic illn e s s e s o r d is e a s e w h ic h m a y b e c a u s e d b y i n h a l a tio n , a b s o r p tio n , i n g e s tio n , o r d i r e c t c o n ta c t. bls p u b l i s h e s in its n e w s r e l e a s e s o n q u a r te r ly m e a s u r e s o f U .S . T h e m e a su re s fo r re c e n t y e ars m ay b e p r o d u c ti v i ty a n d c o s ts ( a n d th a t u n d e r li e s th e b a s e d o n c u r r e n t in d ic a to r s o f m a n u f a c t u r a “ s e c to r a l o u t p u t ” b a s is , r a th e r t h a n a v a lu e - h o u r ly c o m p e n s a ti o n u n til n a tio n a l a c c o u n ts a d d e d b a s i s . S e c to r a l o u t p u t is g r o s s o u t p u t a n d o t h e r s t a ti s t i c s u s e d f o r th e l o n g - te r m le s s i n t r a s e c t o r t r a n s a c ti o n s . m e a s u re s b e c o m e a v a ila b le . Total labor hours r e f e r s to h o u r s w o r k e d in a ll c o u n tr i e s . T h e m e a s u re s a re d e v e l o p e d f r o m s t a ti s t i c s o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g e m Fo r a d d it io n a l in f o r m a t io n Lost workday injuries and illnesses a r e c a s e s t h a t in v o lv e d a y s a w a y f r o m w o r k , o r o n th is s e r i e s , c o n ta c t th e D i v i s i o n o f F o r e i g n L a b o r d a y s o f r e s t r i c t e d w o r k a c t i v it y , o r b o t h . Lost w orkdays i n c l u d e th e n u m b e r o f w o r k d a y s ( c o n s e c u tiv e o r n o t) o n w h ic h th e S t a tis tic s : ( 2 0 2 ) 6 9 1 - 5 6 5 4 . p l o y m e n t a n d a v e r a g e h o u r s . T h e s e r ie s u s e d e m p lo y e e w a s e it h e r a w a y f r o m w o r k o r a t fo r F ra n c e (fro m 1 9 7 0 fo rw a rd ), N o rw a y , a n d S w e d e n a r e o f f ic ia l s e r ie s p u b l is h e d w ith c a u s e o f a n o c c u p a tio n a l in ju r y o r illn e s s , th e n a ti o n a l a c c o u n ts . W h e r e o f f i c i a l to ta l h o u rs s e rie s a re n o t a v a ila b le , th e m e a s u re s a re d e v e lo p e d by bls u s in g e m p l o y m e n t f i g u r e s p u b l i s h e d w i t h th e n a ti o n a l a c c o u n ts , o r o t h e r c o m p r e h e n s i v e e m p l o y m e n t s e r ie s , a n d e s tim a te s o f a n n u a l h o u rs w o rk e d . F o r G e rm a n y , bls u s e s e s tim a te s o f a v e ra g e h o u rs w o rk e d d e v e lo p e d b y a re s e a rc h in s t i tu t e c o n n e c t e d to t h e M i n i s t r y o f L a b o r w o r k in s o m e r e s t r ic te d c a p a c ity , o r b o th , b e m e a s u r e s o f th e n u m b e r a n d i n c id e n c e r a te ( T a b le s 5 5 - 5 6 ) d a y s a w a y f r o m w o r k o r d a y s o f r e s t r ic te d Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses j u r y o r o n s e t o f illn e s s o r a n y d a y s o n w h ic h o f lo s t w o r k d a y s w e r e d i s c o n ti n u e d b e g in n in g w ith th e 1 9 9 3 s u r v e y . T h e n u m b e r o f w o r k a c tiv ity d o e s n o t in c lu d e th e d a y o f in th e e m p lo y e e w o u l d n o t h a v e w o r k e d , s u c h a s a F e d e r a l h o l id a y , e v e n t h o u g h a b le to w o rk . f o r u s e w i t h t h e n a ti o n a l a c c o u n ts e m p l o y m e n t f i g u r e s . F o r th e o t h e r c o u n tr i e s , bls c o n s t r u c t s i ts o w n e s t i m a t e s o f a v e r a g e h o u rs. bls Occupational Injury and Illness Data Incid en ce rates a r e c o m p u t e d a s t h e D escrip tio n of the series n u m b e r o f i n ju r i e s a n d /o r i ll n e s s e s o r l o s t T h e S u r v e y o f O c c u p a tio n a l I n ju r ie s a n d I ll w o rk d a y s p e r 1 0 0 fu ll-tim e w o rk e rs . A n h o u r s s e r i e s is n o t a v a i l a b l e f o r D e n m a rk a f te r 1 9 9 3 ; th e r e f o r e , th e b l s m e a n e s s e s c o lle c ts d a ta f r o m e m p l o y e r s a b o u t th e ir w o r k e r s ’ jo b - r e la te d n o n fa ta l in ju rie s a n d s u r e o f l a b o r i n p u t f o r D e n m a r k e n d s in N o tes o n the d a ta illn e s s e s . T h e in f o r m a tio n t h a t e m p lo y e r s p r o v id e is b a s e d o n r e c o r d s th a t th e y m a in ta in u n T h e d e f in i t io n s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l i n ju r i e s a n d 1993. Total com pensation (labor cost) i n d e r th e O c c u p a tio n a l S a f e ty a n d H e a lth A c t o f c lu d e s a ll p a y m e n t s in c a s h o r i n - k in d m a d e 1 9 7 0 . S e lf - e m p lo y e d in d iv id u a ls , f a rm s w ith d i r e c t l y to e m p l o y e e s p l u s e m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r l e g a l ly r e q u i r e d i n s u r a n c e p r o g ra m s a n d c o n tra c tu a l a n d p riv a te b e n e fit p l a n s . T h e m e a s u r e s a r e f r o m th e n a ti o n a l a c c o u n t s o f e a c h c o u n tr y , e x c e p t t h o s e f o r B e lg i u m , w h i c h a r e d e v e l o p e d b y bls u s in g s ta tis tic s o n e m p l o y m e n t , a v e r a g e h o u r s , a n d f e w e r th a n 11 e m p lo y e e s , e m p lo y e rs r e g u la te d i l l n e s s e s a r e f r o m Recordkeeping Guide lines for Occupational Injuries and Ill nesses ( U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r , B u r e a u b y o th e r F e d e r a l s a fe ty a n d h e a lth la w s , a n d o f L a b o r S t a ti s t i c s , S e p t e m b e r 1 9 8 6 ). F e d e r a l, S ta te , a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c ie s a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m th e su rv e y . E s tim a te s a re m a d e f o r in d u s tr ie s a n d e m p l o y m e n t s i z e c l a s s e s f o r t o ta l r e c o r d a b l e T h e s u r v e y is a F e d e r a l - S t a t e c o o p e r a c a s e s , lo s t w o r k d a y c a s e s , d a y s a w a y f r o m tiv e p r o g r a m w ith a n i n d e p e n d e n t s a m p le w o r k c a s e s , a n d n o n f a ta l c a s e s w ith o u t lo s t h o u r l y c o m p e n s a ti o n . F o r C a n a d a , F r a n c e , a n d S w e d e n , c o m p e n s a ti o n is in c r e a s e d to s e le c te d f o r e a c h p a r ti c i p a ti n g S ta te . A s t r a ti w o r k d a y s . T h e s e d a ta a ls o a re s h o w n s e p a f i e d r a n d o m s a m p le w i t h a N e y m a n a l l o c a ra te ly f o r in ju rie s . Illn e s s d a ta a re a v a ila b le f o r a c c o u n t fo r o th e r s ig n ific a n t ta x e s o n p a y r o l l o r e m p l o y m e n t . F o r th e U n i t e d K i n g t io n is s e l e c te d to r e p r e s e n t a ll p r i v a t e i n s e v e n c a te g o r ie s : o c c u p a tio n a l s k in d is e a s e s d u s t r i e s in th e S ta te . T h e s u r v e y is s t r a ti f i e d o r d is o r d e r s , d u s t d is e a s e s o f th e lu n g s , r e s p i b y S ta n d a rd In d u s tria l C la s s ific a tio n a n d r a to r y c o n d itio n s d u e to to x ic a g e n ts , p o i s o n d o m , c o m p e n s a ti o n is r e d u c e d b e tw e e n 1 9 6 7 a n d 1 9 9 1 to a c c o u n t f o r e m p l o y m e n t - r e l a te d s u b s id ie s . S e lf- e m p lo y e d w o rk e rs a re in s iz e o f e m p l o y m e n t . in g (s y s te m ic e f fe c ts o f to x ic a g e n ts ) , d is o r d e r s d u e to p h y s ic a l a g e n ts ( o th e r th a n to x ic m a te ria ls ) , d is o r d e r s a s s o c ia te d w ith r e p e a te d c lu d e d in th e a ll - e m p lo y e d - p e r s o n s m e a s u r e s b y a s s u m i n g t h a t t h e i r h o u r l y c o m p e n s a ti o n Definitions is e q u a l to th e a v e r a g e f o r w a g e a n d s a la r y e m p lo y e e s . U n d e r th e O c c u p a t io n a l S a f e ty a n d H e a l t h tr a u m a , a n d a ll o th e r o c c u p a tio n a l illn e sse s. A c t, e m p l o y e r s m a i n t a i n r e c o r d s o f n o n f a ta l w o r k - r e la t e d i n ju r i e s a n d ill n e s s e s th a t N o tes o n the d a ta in v o lv e o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l lo w in g : lo s s o f c o n s c io u s n e s s , r e s t r ic ti o n o f w o r k o r m o I n g e n e r a l, th e m e a s u r e s r e la te to to ta l m a n u tio n , tr a n s f e r to a n o th e r jo b , o r m e d ic a l f a c tu r in g a s d e f in e d b y th e In te r n a tio n a l t r e a tm e n t o t h e r th a n f i r s t a id . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis T h e s u r v e y c o n tin u e s to m e a s u r e th e n u m b e r o f n e w w o r k - r e la te d illn e s s c a s e s w h ic h a re r e c o g n iz e d , d ia g n o s e d , a n d r e p o r te d d u r in g th e y e a r. S o m e c o n d itio n s , f o r e x a m p le , lo n g - te r m la te n t illn e s s e s c a u s e d b y e x p o s u r e to c a r c in o g e n s , o f te n a re d if f ic u lt to r e la te to th e w o r k p la c e a n d a re n o t a d e q u a te ly r e c o g n iz e d a n d re p o rte d . T h e s e lo n g - te r m la te n t ill- Monthly Labor Review October 2004 63 Current Labor Statistics n e s s e s a r e b e lie v e d to b e u n d e r s ta te d in th e in d u s tr ie s a n d f o r in d iv id u a l S ta te s a t m o r e s u r v e y ’s illn e s s m e a s u r e . In c o n tr a s t, th e o v e r a g g r e g a te d in d u s tr y le v e ls . Definition w h e l m i n g m a jo r ity o f th e r e p o r te d n e w ill F o r a d d i t i o n a l in f o r m a t io n o n o c c u p a A fatal work injury is a n y in te n t io n a l o r u n n e s s e s a r e th o s e w h ic h a r e e a s ie r to d ir e c tly tio n a l i n ju r i e s a n d i ll n e s s e s , c o n ta c t t h e O f in te n t io n a l w o u n d o r d a m a g e t o th e b o d y r e r e la te to w o r k p la c e a c tiv ity (fo r e x a m p le , c o n f i c e o f O c c u p a t i o n a l S a f e ty , H e a l t h a n d s u ltin g in d e a th f r o m a c u te e x p o s u r e to e n e rg y , ta c t d e r m a titis a n d c a r p a l tu n n e l s y n d r o m e ) . W o r k in g C o n d i t i o n s a t ( 2 0 2 ) 6 9 1 - 6 1 8 0 , o r s u c h a s h e a t o r e le c tric ity , o r k in e tic e n e r g y a c c e s s th e I n t e r n e t at: f r o m a c r a s h , o r f r o m th e a b s e n c e o f s u c h e s M o s t o f th e e s tim a te s a r e in th e f o r m o f in c i d e n c e r a te s , d e f in e d a s th e n u m b e r o f in http ://www.bls.gov/ii V j u r i e s a n d illn e s s e s p e r 1 0 0 e q u iv a l e n t f u l l tim e w o r k e r s . F o r th is p u r p o s e , 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 e m p lo y e e h o u rs re p re s e n t 100 e m p lo y e e y e a rs ( 2 ,0 0 0 h o u r s p e r e m p lo y e e ) . F u ll d e ta il o n Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries th e a v a ila b le m e a s u r e s is p r e s e n t e d in th e a n Occupational Injuries and Ill nesses: Counts, Rates, and Characteristics. T h e C e n s u s o f F a t a l O c c u p a t io n a l I n j u r ie s C o m p a r a b le d a ta f o r m o r e th a n 4 0 S ta te s c o m p i l e s a c o m p l e te r o s t e r o f f a ta l j o b - r e f ic e o f S a fe ty , H e a lth a n d W o r k in g C o n d i t io n s . M a n y o f th e s e S ta te s p u b lis h d a ta o n S ta te a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t e m p lo y e e s in a d d itio n to p r iv a te in d u s tr y d a ta . M in in g a n d r a ilr o a d d a ta a re f u r n is h e d to BLS b y th e M in e S a f e ty a n d H e a lth A d m in is s in g le w o r k d a y o r s h ift. F a ta litie s th a t o c c u r d u r in g a p e r s o n ’s c o m m u te to o r f r o m w o r k a re e x c lu d e d f r o m t h e c e n s u s , a s w e ll a s w o r k r e la te d illn e s s e s , w h ic h c a n b e d if f ic u lt n u a l b u l le t in , a n d te r r ito rie s a r e a v a ila b le f r o m th e BLS O f s e n tia ls a s h e a t o r o x y g e n c a u s e d b y a s p e c if ic e v e n t o r in c id e n t o r s e r ie s o f e v e n ts w ith in a to id e n tif y d u e to lo n g la te n c y p e r io d s . l a t e d i n ju r i e s , in c l u d i n g d e ta i le d d a t a a b o u t th e f a ta lly in ju r e d w o rk e rs a n d th e fa ta l e v e n ts . T h e p ro g ra m N o tes o n the d a ta c o lle c ts a n d c ro s s c h e c k s f a t a l i t y i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m m u lt i p le T w e n ty -e ig h t d a ta e le m e n ts a re c o lle c te d , s o u r c e s , i n c l u d i n g d e a t h c e r t if i c a t e s , S ta te c o d e d , a n d t a b u l a te d in th e f a ta li t y p r o g r a m , a n d F e d e r a l w o r k e r s ’ c o m p e n s a ti o n r e p o r t s , i n c l u d i n g i n f o r m a t io n a b o u t t h e f a t a l l y i n O c c u p a t io n a l S a f e ty a n d H e a lth A d m i n is tr a j u r e d w o r k e r , t h e f a ta l i n c i d e n t, a n d t h e m a t io n a n d M i n e S a f e ty a n d H e a l t h A d m i n i s c h in e r y o r e q u i p m e n t in v o lv e d . S u m m a r y tr a tio n a n d th e F e d e r a l R a ilr o a d A d m in is tr a tra tio n re c o rd s , m e d ic a l e x a m in e r a n d a u w o r k e r d e m o g r a p h ic d a t a a n d e v e n t c h a r a c tio n . D a t a f r o m th e s e o r g a n iz a tio n s a r e in to p s y r e p o r t s , m e d i a a c c o u n ts , S ta te m o to r t e r i s t i c s a r e i n c l u d e d in a n a ti o n a l n e w s r e c lu d e d in b o th th e n a tio n a l a n d S ta te d a ta p u b v e h ic l e f a ta lity r e c o r d s , a n d f o l lo w - u p q u e s le a s e t h a t is a v a i l a b l e a b o u t 8 m o n t h s a f te r lis h e d a n n u a lly . t io n n a i r e s to e m p l o y e r s . t h e e n d o f th e r e f e r e n c e y e a r . T h e C e n s u s o f W ith th e 1 9 9 2 su rv e y , BLS b e g a n p u b lis h In a d d itio n to p r iv a te w a g e a n d s a la ry in g d e ta ils o n s e r io u s , n o n f a ta l in c id e n ts r e w o rk e rs , th e s e lf - e m p lo y e d , fa m ily m e m 19 9 2 as a jo in t F e d e ra l-S ta te e ffo rt. M o s t s u ltin g in d a y s a w a y f r o m w o r k . I n c lu d e d a re b e rs , a n d F e d e r a l, S ta te , a n d lo c a l g o v S ta te s is s u e s u m m a ry in f o r m a tio n a t th e s o m e m a jo r c h a r a c te r is tic s o f th e in ju r e d a n d e r n m e n t w o r k e r s a re c o v e r e d b y th e p r o tim e o f t h e n a ti o n a l n e w s r e le a s e . ill w o r k e r s , s u c h a s o c c u p a tio n , a g e , g e n d e r, g r a m . T o b e i n c l u d e d in t h e f a t a l i t y c e n F o r a d d i t io n a l in f o r m a t io n o n t h e r a c e , a n d le n g th o f s e r v ic e , a s w e ll a s th e c ir s u s , th e d e c e d e n t m u s t h a v e b e e n e m C e n s u s o f F a ta l O c c u p a t io n a l I n j u r ie s c o n c u m s ta n c e s o f t h e ir in ju r ie s a n d illn e s s e s ( n a p lo y e d ( th a t is w o r k in g f o r p a y , c o m p e n t a c t t h e b l s O f f i c e o f S a f e ty , H e a l t h , a n d tu r e o f th e d is a b lin g c o n d itio n , p a r t o f b o d y s a tio n , o r p r o f it) a t th e tim e o f th e e v e n t, W o r k in g C o n d i ti o n s a t ( 2 0 2 ) 6 9 1 - 6 1 7 5 , o r a f fe c te d , e v e n t a n d e x p o s u r e , a n d th e s o u r c e engaged th e I n t e r n e t a t: d ir e c tly p r o d u c in g th e c o n d itio n ) . I n g e n e r a l, p r e s e n t a t th e s ite o f th e in c id e n t a s a r e th e s e d a ta a re a v a ila b le n a tio n w id e f o r d e ta ile d q u ir e m e n t o f h is o r h e r jo b . 64 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 in a le g a l w o rk a c tiv ity , o r F a t a l O c c u p a t io n a l I n j u r ie s w a s i n i t i a t e d in http ://www.bls.gov/iif/ 1. Labor market indicators Selected indicators 2002 III II 2004 2003 2002 2003 IV III II 1 IV 1 II E m p lo y m e n t data E m p lo y m e n t s ta tu s o f th e c iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l p o p u la tio n (h o u s e h o ld s u rv e y ):1 L a b o r fo r c e p a rtic ip a tio n r a te ............................................................... 6 6 .6 6 6 .2 6 6 .7 6 6 .6 6 6 .5 6 6 .3 6 6 .4 6 6 .2 66.1 6 6 .0 6 5 .9 E m p lo y m e n t-p o p u la tio n ra tio ................................................................ 6 2 .7 6 2 .3 6 2 .8 6 2 .8 6 2 .5 6 2 .4 6 2 .3 62.1 6 2 .3 6 2 .2 6 2 .2 U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te ................................................................................. 5 .8 6 .0 5.9 5 .8 5 .9 5 .8 6.1 6.1 5 .9 5 .6 5 .6 M e n ........................................................................................................... 5 .9 6 .3 6 .0 5 .9 6.1 6.1 6 .5 6 .4 6.1 5 .7 5 .7 1 2.8 1 3.4 1 2.8 13.1 1 2 .5 1 2.6 14.0 1 3.8 13.1 1 2 .5 1 2.9 4 .7 5 .0 4 .8 4 .7 4 .9 5 .0 5 .2 5.1 4 .9 4 .5 4 .5 5 .6 5 .7 5 .7 5 .6 5 .7 5 .5 5 .7 5 .8 5 .6 5 .6 5 .4 11.1 11.4 11.2 1 0.9 1 1.4 11.2 1 1.8 1 1 .5 1 0.9 11.1 1 0.9 4 .6 4 .6 4 .8 4 .6 4 .6 4 .5 4 .6 4 .7 4 .6 4 .5 4 .4 1 6 to 2 4 y e a r s ..................................................................................... W o m e n .................................................................................................... E m p lo y m e n t, n o n fa rm (p a y ro ll d a ta ), in th o u s a n d s :1 G o o d s - p r o d u c in g ............................................................................... S e r v ic e - p r o v id in g ............................................................................... 130,341 1 29 ,9 3 2 1 3 0 ,3 8 9 1 3 0 ,2 8 7 1 3 0 ,2 4 8 1 3 0 ,0 4 7 1 2 9 ,8 7 8 1 2 9 ,8 2 0 1 3 0 ,0 0 2 1 3 0 ,3 6 7 1 3 1 ,1 4 8 1 0 8 ,8 2 8 1 0 8 ,3 5 6 1 0 8 ,8 9 5 1 0 8 ,7 3 6 1 0 8 ,6 5 4 1 0 8 ,4 2 8 1 0 8 ,3 0 9 1 0 8 ,2 6 0 1 0 8 ,4 5 3 1 0 8 ,8 2 7 1 0 9 ,5 9 6 2 2 ,5 5 7 2 1 ,8 1 7 2 2 ,6 3 8 2 2 ,4 6 6 2 2 ,2 5 2 2 2 ,0 2 5 2 1 ,8 4 8 2 1 ,7 1 8 2 1 ,6 7 6 2 1 ,7 1 9 2 1 ,8 6 3 1 5 ,2 5 9 1 4 ,5 2 4 1 5 ,3 4 7 1 5 ,1 9 7 1 4 ,9 7 9 1 4 ,7 7 5 1 4 ,5 7 0 1 4 ,4 1 0 1 4 ,3 4 0 1 4 ,3 2 6 1 4 ,3 7 7 1 0 7 ,7 8 9 1 0 8 ,1 1 5 107,751 107,821 1 0 7 ,9 9 5 1 0 8 ,0 2 2 1 0 8 ,0 3 0 1 0 8 ,1 0 2 1 0 8 ,3 2 6 1 0 8 ,6 4 8 1 0 9 ,2 8 5 A v e r a g e h o u rs: T o ta l p riv a te ................... ........................................................................ 3 3 .9 3 3 .7 3 3 .9 3 3 .9 3 3 .8 3 3 .8 3 3 .7 3 3 .6 3 3 .7 3 3 .8 3 3 .7 M a n u fa c tu rin g ...................................................................................... 4 0 .5 4 0 .4 4 0 .6 4 0 .4 4 0 .4 4 0 .4 4 0 .2 4 0 .2 4 0 .6 4 1 .0 4 0 .9 O v e r tim e ............................................................................................ 4 .2 4 .2 4 .3 4 .3 4 .2 4 .2 4.1 4.1 4 .4 4 .6 4 .6 E m p lo y m e n t C o s t Index2 P e r c e n t c h a n g e in th e E C I, c o m p e n s a tio n : A ll w o r k e r s (e x c lu d in g fa rm , h o u s e h o ld a n d F e d e ra l w o rk e rs )..... 3 .4 3 .8 .9 .9 .6 1.4 .8 1.1 .5 1.4 .9 P r iv a te in d u s try w o r k e r s ...................................................................... 3.2 4 .0 1.1 .6 .4 1.7 .8 1.0 .4 1.5 .9 G o o d s - p r o d u c in g 3 ............................................................................ 3 .7 4 .0 .9 .6 .9 1.8 .9 .7 .5 2 .3 .9 S e r v ic e - p r o v id in g 3 ............................................................................ 3.1 4 .0 1.2 .6 .2 1 .5 .8 1.1 .5 1.1 1.0 4.1 3 .3 .4 2 .2 .9 .7 .4 1.7 .5 .7 .4 S ta te a n d lo c a l g o v e rn m e n t w o rk e rs W o r k e r s b y b a rg a in in g s ta tu s (p riv a te in d u stry ): U n io n ............................................................................................................ 4 .2 4 .6 1.0 1.2 .9 1.6 1.2 1.0 .7 2 .8 1 .5 N o n u n io n .................................................................................................... 3 .2 3 .9 1.1 .5 .4 1.6 .8 1.0 .4 1.3 .8 ' Q u a rte rly d a ta s e a s o n a lly a d ju ste d . No t e: 2 A n n u a l c h a n g e s a r e D e c e m b e r-to - D e c e m b e r c h a n g e s . Q u a rte rly c h a n g e s a r e c a lc u la te d c o n tro ls. u s in g th e la s t m o n th o f e a c h q u a rte r. 3 G o o d s - p r o d u c in g in d u s trie s In clu d e m in in g , c o n s tru c tio n , a n d m a n u fa c tu rin g . S e r v ic e - B e g in n in g In J a n u a r y 2 0 0 3 , h o u s e h o ld s u rv e y d a ta re fle c t re v is e d p o p u la tio n N o n fa rm d a ta re fle c t th e c o n v e rs io n to th e 2 0 0 2 v e rs io n o f th e N o rth A m e ric a n In d u stry C la s s ific a tio n S y s t e m (NAICS), re p la c in g th e S ta n d a rd In d ustrial C la s s ific a tio n (SIC) s y s te m . N A iC S -b a s e d d a ta b y in d u stry a r e n o t c o m p a r a b le w ith s ic - b a s e d d a ta . p ro v id in g in d u s trie s in c lu d e a ll o th e r p riv a te s e c to r in d u strie s . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 65 Current Labor Statistics: Comparative Indicators 2. Annual and quarterly percent changes in compensation, prices, and productivity Selected measures 2002 2003 2002 II 2003 III IV I 2004 II III IV I II C o m p e n s a t io n d a t a 1'2 E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x — c o m p e n s a t io n ( w a g e s , s a la r ie s , b e n e fits ): C iv ilia n n o n f a r m ................................................................................ 3 .4 3 .8 0 .9 0 .9 0 .6 1 .4 0 .8 1.1 0 .5 1 .4 0 .9 P r iv a t e n o n f a r m ............................................................................ 3 .2 4 .0 1.1 .6 .4 1 .7 .8 1 .0 .4 1 .5 .9 E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x — w a g e s a n d s a la r ie s : C iv ilia n n o n f a r m .............................................................................. P r iv a t e n o n f a r m ............................................................................ 2 .9 2 .9 .8 .7 .4 1 .0 .6 .9 .3 .6 .6 2 .7 3 .0 1.0 .4 .3 1.1 .7 .8 .4 .7 .7 2 .3 2 .3 .5 .6 -.1 1 .8 -.3 -.2 -.2 1 .2 1 .2 P ric e d a ta 1 C o n s u m e r P r ic e In d e x (A ll U r b a n C o n s u m e r s ) : A ll I te m s ...... P r o d u c e r P r ic e In d e x: F in is h e d g o o d s ................................................................................... 3 .2 3 .2 .2 .2 -.1 3 .7 -.8 .3 .0 1 .2 1 .2 F in is h e d c o n s u m e r g o o d s .......................................................... 4 .2 4 .2 .4 .0 -.3 2 .4 1 .8 .3 .0 1 .5 1 .4 C a p it a l e q u ip m e n t .......................................................................... .4 .4 -.3 -.7 .6 .6 -.6 -.1 .0 .6 .5 In t e r m e d ia t e m a t e r ia ls , s u p p lie s , a n d c o m p o n e n t s ................ 4 .6 4 .6 1.1 1.1 .1 6 .5 - 2 .1 -.1 .0 2 .5 3 .0 C r u d e m a t e r ia ls ................................................................................... 2 5 .2 2 5 .2 3 7.1 1 .9 6 .5 2 8 .0 -1 0 .6 3 .4 1 4 .4 6 .0 7 .6 P r o d u c t iv it y d a ta 3 O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s : B u s in e s s s e c t o r ................................................................................... 4 .3 4 .5 1 .7 4 .8 1 .2 3 .9 7 .6 8 .5 2 .4 3 .9 1 .5 N o n f a r m b u s in e s s s e c t o r .................................................................. 4 .4 4 .4 1.1 4 .5 1 .6 3 .7 6 .7 9 .0 3.1 3 .7 2 .5 N o n f in a n c ia l c o m o r a t io n s 4 ............................................................ 4 .4 5 .4 4 .9 4.1 3 .4 3 .2 9.1 9 .4 5 .0 .2 1 .4 1 Annual changes a re D e c e m b e r-to -D e c e m b e r c a lc u la t e d u s in g th e la s t m o n th o f e a c h q u a r te r . changes. Q u a r te r ly changes are C o m p e n s a t io n a n d p r ic e d a ta a r e n o t 3 Annual r a te s of ch an g e are co m p u te d by c o m p a r in g s e a s o n a lly a d ju s t e d , a n d th e p r ic e d a ta a r e n o t c o m p o u n d e d . T h e d a ta a r e s e a s o n a lly a d ju s t e d . 2 E x c lu d e s F e d e r a l a n d p r iv a t e h o u s e h o ld w o r k e r s . 4 O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f a ll e m p lo y e e s . 3. Alternative measures of wage and compensation changes Four quarters ending— Quarterly change Components 2003 II III 2004 IV I 2003 II II III 2004 IV I II A v e r a g e h o u r ly c o m p e n s a t io n : 1 A ll p e r s o n s , b u s in e s s s e c t o r ...................................................................... 6.1 5 .6 4 .0 2 .8 3 .7 3 .6 4 .6 5 .3 4 .6 4 .0 A ll p e r s o n s , n o n fa r m b u s in e s s s e c t o r ................................................... 5 .7 6.1 4 4 2 .0 4 .3 3 .4 4 .6 5 .4 4 .5 4 .2 E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x — c o m p e n s a t io n : C iv ilia n n o n f a r m 2 .......................................................................... .8 1.1 .5 1 .4 .9 3 .7 3 .9 3 .8 3 .8 3 .9 P r iv a t e n o n f a r m .......................................................................................... .8 1 .0 .4 1 .5 .9 3 .5 4 .0 4 .0 3 .9 4 .0 U n io n ............................................................................................................ 1 .2 1 .0 .7 2 .8 1 .5 5 .0 4 .8 4 .6 5 .7 6 .0 N o n u n io n ..................................................................................................... .8 1.0 1 7 .4 1 .3 .8 3 .3 3 .8 3 .9 3 .6 3 .5 .5 .7 .4 4.1 3 .6 3 .3 3 .3 3 .4 S t a t e a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t s ................................................................. .4 E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x — w a g e s a n d s a la r ie s : C iv ilia n n o n f a r m 2 .............................................................................. .6 .9 .3 .5 2 .7 2 .9 2 .5 2 .5 .7 .8 .4 .7 .7 2 .6 3 .0 3 .0 2 .6 2 .6 U n io n ............................................................................................................ .7 .6 .6 .6 1 .0 3 .0 2 .6 2 .4 2 .9 2 .5 2 .9 N o n u n io n .................................................................................................... .7 .9 .2 .7 .6 2 .5 3.1 3.1 2 .6 2 .5 S t a t e a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t s ................................................................. .3 1 .0 .4 .4 .2 3.1 2 .3 2.1 2.1 1 .9 ' S e a s o n a lly a d ju s t e d . " Q u a r t e r ly a v e r a g e " is p e r c e n t c h a n g e fro m a q u a r te r a g o , a t a n a n n u a l ra te . 66 .6 P r iv a t e n o n f a r m .......................................................................................... 2 E x c lu d e s F e d e r a l a n d h o u s e h o ld w o r k e r s . Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 annual a v e ra g e s. Q u a r te r ly p e r c e n t c h a n g e s r e f le c t a n n u a l r a te s o f c h a n g e in q u a r te r ly in d e x e s . 4. Employment status of the population, by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, monthly data seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Employment status 2003 Annual average 2004 2002 2003 Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. TO TAL C iv ilia n n o n in s t it u tio n a l p o p u la tio n 1............................. 2 1 7 ,5 7 0 2 2 1 ,1 6 8 2 2 1 ,5 0 7 2 2 1 ,7 7 9 2 2 2 ,0 3 9 2 2 2 ,2 7 9 2 2 2 ,5 0 9 2 2 2 ,1 6 1 2 2 2 ,3 5 7 2 2 2 ,5 5 0 2 2 2 ,7 5 7 2 2 2 ,9 6 7 2 2 3 ,1 9 6 2 2 3 ,4 2 2 2 2 3 ,6 7 7 C iv ilia n la b o r f o r c e ................ 1 4 4 ,8 6 3 1 4 6 ,5 1 0 1 4 6 ,6 2 2 1 4 6 ,6 1 0 1 4 6 ,8 9 2 1 4 7 ,1 8 7 1 4 6 ,8 7 8 1 4 6 ,8 6 3 1 4 6 ,4 7 1 1 4 6 ,6 5 0 1 4 6 ,7 4 1 1 4 6 ,9 7 4 1 4 7 ,2 7 9 1 4 7 ,8 5 6 1 4 7 ,7 0 4 P a r tic ip a tio n r a t e .......... 6 6 .6 6 6 .2 6 6 .2 66.1 6 6 .2 6 6 .2 6 6 .0 66.1 6 5 .9 6 5 .9 6 5 .9 6 5 .9 6 6 .0 6 6 .2 6 6 .0 E m p lo y e d ........................... 1 3 6 ,4 8 5 1 3 7 ,7 3 6 1 3 7 ,6 9 3 1 3 7 ,6 4 4 1 3 8 ,0 9 5 1 3 8 ,5 3 3 1 3 8 ,4 7 9 1 3 8 ,5 6 6 1 3 8 ,3 0 1 1 3 8 ,2 9 8 1 3 8 ,5 7 6 1 3 8 ,7 7 2 1 3 9 ,0 3 1 1 3 9 ,6 6 0 1 3 9 ,6 8 1 E m p lo y m e n t- p o p u la tio n ra tio 2............... 6 2 .7 6 2 .3 6 2 .2 62.1 6 2 .2 6 2 .3 6 2 .2 6 2 .4 6 2 .2 62.1 6 2 .2 6 2 .2 6 2 .3 6 2 .5 6 2 .4 U n e m p lo y e d ...................... 8 ,3 7 8 8 ,7 7 4 8 ,9 2 9 8 ,9 6 6 8 ,7 9 7 8 ,6 5 3 8 ,3 9 8 8 ,2 9 7 8 ,1 7 0 8 ,3 5 2 8 ,1 6 4 8 ,2 0 3 8 ,2 4 8 8 ,1 9 6 8 ,0 2 2 U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te .... 5 .8 6 .0 6.1 6.1 6 .0 5 .9 5 .7 5 .6 5 .6 5 .7 5 .6 5 .6 5 .6 5 .5 5 .4 N o t in th e la b o r f o r c e ......... 7 2 ,7 0 7 7 4 ,6 5 8 7 4 ,8 8 4 7 5 ,1 6 8 7 5 ,1 4 7 7 5 ,0 9 3 7 5 ,6 3 1 7 5 ,2 9 8 7 5 ,8 8 6 7 5 ,9 0 0 7 6 ,0 1 6 7 5 ,9 9 3 7 5 ,9 1 6 7 5 ,5 6 5 7 5 ,9 7 3 M e n , 20 y e a r s a n d o v e r C iv ilia n n o n in s t it u tio n a l p o p u la tio n 1............................. 9 6 ,4 3 9 9 8 ,2 7 2 9 8 ,4 3 4 9 8 ,5 6 8 9 8 ,6 9 6 9 8 ,8 1 4 9 8 ,9 2 7 9 8 ,8 6 6 9 8 ,9 6 6 9 9 ,0 6 5 9 9 ,1 7 0 9 9 ,2 7 9 9 9 ,3 9 6 9 9 ,5 1 2 9 9 ,6 4 2 C iv ilia n la b o r f o r c e ................ 7 3 ,6 3 0 7 4 ,6 2 3 7 4 ,6 8 2 7 4 ,9 0 5 7 4 ,9 4 2 7 5 ,1 8 8 7 5 ,0 4 4 7 5 ,1 7 1 7 4 ,7 9 7 7 5 ,0 1 8 7 4 ,8 7 1 7 5 ,0 4 8 7 5 ,3 7 2 7 5 ,5 7 7 7 5 ,6 3 9 P a r tic ip a tio n r a te .......... 7 6 .3 7 5 .9 7 5 .9 7 6 .0 7 5 .9 76.1 7 5 .9 7 6 .0 7 5 .6 7 5 .7 7 5 .5 7 5 .6 7 5 .8 7 5 .9 7 5 .9 E m p lo y e d ........................... 6 9 ,7 3 4 7 0 ,4 1 5 7 0 ,3 2 4 7 0 ,5 9 6 7 0 ,7 2 6 7 0 ,9 6 4 7 1 ,0 9 9 7 1 ,3 2 9 7 0 ,9 6 9 7 1 ,1 2 8 7 1 ,1 1 8 7 1 ,1 6 2 7 1 ,5 7 0 7 1 ,8 4 7 7 1 ,8 7 0 E m p lo y m e n t- p o p u la tio n ra tio 2............... 7 2 .3 7 1 .7 7 1 .4 7 1 .6 7 1 .7 7 1 .8 7 1 .9 72.1 7 1 .7 7 1 .8 7 1 .7 7 1 .7 7 2 .0 7 2 .2 72.1 U n e m p lo y e d ...................... 3 ,8 9 6 4 ,2 0 9 4 ,3 5 8 4 ,3 0 9 4 ,2 1 6 4 ,2 2 4 3 ,9 4 5 3 ,8 4 2 3 ,8 2 8 3 ,8 9 0 3 ,7 5 3 3 ,8 8 6 3 ,8 0 2 3 ,7 3 0 3 ,7 6 8 U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te .... 5 .3 5 .6 5 .8 5 .8 5 .6 5 .6 5 .3 5.1 5.1 5 .2 5 .0 5 .2 5 .0 4 .9 5 .0 2 2 ,8 0 9 2 3 ,6 4 9 2 3 ,7 5 1 2 3 ,6 6 3 2 3 ,7 5 4 2 3 ,6 2 0 2 3 ,8 8 2 2 3 ,6 9 4 2 4 ,1 6 8 2 4 ,0 4 7 2 4 ,2 9 9 2 4 ,2 3 1 2 4 ,0 2 3 2 3 ,9 3 5 2 4 ,0 0 3 W o m e n , 20 y e a rs a n d o v e r C iv ilia n n o n in s t it u tio n a l p o p u la t io n 1............................. 1 0 5 ,1 3 6 1 0 6 ,8 0 0 1 0 6 ,9 5 7 1 0 7 ,0 8 0 1 0 7 ,1 9 7 1 0 7 ,3 0 3 1 0 7 ,4 0 4 1 0 7 ,1 3 1 1 0 7 ,2 1 6 1 0 7 ,2 9 9 1 0 7 ,3 8 9 1 0 7 ,4 8 3 1 0 7 ,5 8 6 1 0 7 ,6 8 7 1 0 7 ,8 0 1 C iv ilia n la b o r f o r c e ................ 6 3 ,6 4 8 6 4 ,7 1 6 6 4 ,8 3 6 6 4 ,6 0 8 6 4 ,8 9 9 6 4 ,9 1 7 6 4 ,8 4 6 6 4 ,5 1 5 6 4 ,6 2 9 6 4 ,6 8 7 6 4 ,7 8 5 6 4 ,8 1 3 6 4 ,8 9 3 6 5 ,1 2 2 6 4 ,9 0 3 P a r tic ip a tio n r a te .......... 6 0 .5 6 0 .6 6 0 .6 6 0 .3 6 0 .5 6 0 .5 6 0 .4 6 0 .2 6 0 .3 6 0 .3 6 0 .3 6 0 .3 6 0 .3 6 0 .5 6 0 .2 6 0 ,4 2 0 6 1 ,4 0 2 6 1 ,4 6 7 6 1 ,1 9 1 6 1 ,5 2 4 6 1 ,5 9 7 6 1 ,5 2 1 6 1 ,2 6 0 6 1 ,4 5 6 6 1 ,3 7 3 6 1 ,5 7 1 6 1 ,7 2 1 6 1 ,6 2 9 6 1 ,9 1 8 6 1 ,8 7 0 E m p lo y m e n t- p o p u la tio n ra tio 2............... 5 7 .5 5 7 .5 5 7 .5 57.1 5 7 .4 5 7 .4 5 7 .3 5 7 .2 5 7 .3 5 7 .2 5 7 .3 5 7 .4 5 7 .3 5 7 .5 5 7 .4 U n e m p lo y e d ...................... 3 ,2 2 8 3 ,3 1 4 3 ,3 6 9 3 ,4 1 7 3 ,3 7 5 3 ,3 2 0 3 ,3 2 6 3 ,2 5 5 3 ,1 7 2 3 ,3 1 4 3 ,2 1 5 3 ,0 9 2 3 ,2 6 4 3 ,2 0 4 3 ,0 3 3 U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te .... N o t in th e la b o r f o r c e ......... 5.1 5.1 5 .2 5 .3 5 .2 5.1 5.1 5 .0 4 .9 5.1 5 .0 4 .8 5 .0 4 .9 4 .7 4 1 ,4 8 8 4 2 ,0 8 3 4 2 ,1 2 1 4 2 ,4 7 2 4 2 ,2 9 9 4 2 ,3 8 7 4 2 ,5 5 8 4 2 ,6 1 7 4 2 ,5 8 7 4 2 ,6 1 3 4 2 ,6 0 4 4 2 ,6 7 0 4 2 ,6 9 3 4 2 ,5 6 5 4 2 ,8 9 8 1 5 ,9 9 4 1 6 ,0 9 6 1 6 ,1 1 6 1 6 ,1 3 1 1 6 ,1 4 5 1 6 ,1 6 2 1 6 ,1 7 8 1 6 ,1 6 4 1 6 ,1 7 5 1 6 ,1 8 6 1 6 ,1 9 8 1 6 ,2 0 5 1 6 ,2 1 4 1 6 ,2 2 2 1 6 ,2 3 4 7 ,5 8 5 7 ,1 7 0 7 ,1 0 4 7 ,0 9 7 7,05 1 7 ,0 8 2 6 ,9 8 7 7 ,1 7 7 7 ,0 4 5 6 ,9 4 5 7 ,0 8 5 7 ,1 1 3 7 ,0 1 4 7 ,1 5 7 7 ,1 6 2 B o th s e x e s , 16 to 19 y e a rs C iv ilia n n o n in s t it u tio n a l C iv ilia n la b o r f o r c e ............... P a r tic ip a tio n r a te .......... 4 7 .4 4 4 .5 44.1 4 4 .0 4 3 .7 4 3 .8 4 3 .2 4 4 .4 4 3 .6 4 2 .9 4 3 .7 4 3 .9 4 3 .3 44.1 44.1 E m p lo y e d ........................... 6 ,3 3 2 5 ,9 1 9 5 ,9 0 2 5 ,8 5 7 5 ,8 4 6 5 ,9 7 2 5 ,8 5 9 5 ,9 7 7 5 ,8 7 5 5 ,7 9 7 5 ,8 8 8 5 ,8 8 8 5 ,8 3 2 5 ,8 9 6 5 ,9 4 1 E m p lo y m e n t- p o p u la tio n ra tio 2............... 3 9 .6 3 6 .8 3 6 .6 3 6 .3 3 6 .2 3 7 .0 3 6 .2 3 7 .0 3 6 .3 3 5 .8 3 6 .3 3 6 .3 3 6 .0 3 6 .3 3 6 .6 U n e m p lo y e d ...................... 1 ,2 5 3 1,251 1 ,2 0 2 1 ,2 4 0 1 ,2 0 5 1 ,1 0 9 1 ,1 2 8 1 ,2 0 0 1 ,1 7 0 1 ,1 4 8 1 ,1 9 7 1 ,2 2 5 1,18 1 1 ,2 6 2 1 ,2 2 0 U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te .... 1 6 .5 1 7 .5 1 6 .9 1 7 .5 17.1 1 5 .7 16.1 1 6 .7 1 6 .6 1 6 .5 1 6 .9 1 7 .2 1 6 .8 1 7 .6 1 7 .0 8 ,4 0 9 8 ,9 2 6 9 ,0 1 2 9 ,0 3 4 9 ,0 9 4 9 ,0 8 0 9 ,19 1 8 ,9 8 7 9 ,1 3 0 9 ,2 4 0 9 ,1 1 3 9 ,0 9 2 9 ,2 0 0 9 ,0 6 5 9 ,0 7 2 p o p u la tio n 1............................. 1 7 9 ,7 8 3 1 8 1 ,2 9 2 1 8 1 ,5 1 2 1 8 1 ,6 9 6 1 8 1 ,8 7 1 1 8 2 ,0 3 2 1 8 2 ,1 8 5 1 8 1 ,8 7 9 1 8 2 ,0 0 1 1 8 2 ,0 0 1 1 8 2 ,2 5 2 1 8 2 ,3 8 4 1 8 2 ,5 3 1 1 8 2 ,6 7 6 1 8 2 ,8 4 6 C iv ilia n la b o r f o r c e ............... 1 2 0 ,1 5 0 1 2 0 ,5 4 6 1 2 0 ,6 5 8 1 2 0 ,4 1 1 1 2 0 ,7 3 6 1 2 1 ,0 4 1 1 2 0 ,7 5 1 1 2 0 ,7 2 3 1 2 0 ,5 4 0 1 2 0 ,5 4 2 1 2 0 ,6 7 5 1 2 0 ,9 8 4 1 2 1 ,1 8 0 1 2 1 ,4 2 8 1 2 1 ,3 0 0 N o t in th e la b o r f o r c e ......... W h ite 3 C iv ilia n n o n in s t it u tio n a l P a r tic ip a tio n r a te .......... 6 6 .8 6 6 .5 6 6 .5 6 6 .3 6 6 .4 6 6 .5 6 6 .3 6 6 .4 6 6 .2 6 6 .2 6 6 .2 6 6 .3 6 6 .4 6 6 .5 6 6 .3 E m p lo y e d ........................... 1 1 4 ,0 1 3 1 1 4 ,2 3 5 1 1 4 ,1 5 6 1 1 4 ,0 1 5 1 1 4 ,5 3 5 1 1 4 ,7 8 3 1 1 4 ,6 7 8 1 1 4 ,7 6 5 1 1 4 ,6 0 2 1 1 4 ,4 3 3 1 1 4 ,7 1 2 1 1 4 ,9 7 6 1 1 5 ,1 5 2 1 1 5 ,6 2 3 1 1 5 ,5 4 7 E m p lo y m e n t- p o p u la tio n ra tio 2............... 6 3 .4 6 3 .0 6 2 .9 6 2 .8 6 3 .0 63.1 6 2 .9 63.1 6 3 .0 6 2 .8 6 2 .9 6 3 .0 63.1 6 3 .3 6 3 .2 U n e m p lo y e d ...................... 6 ,1 3 7 6 ,3 1 1 6 ,5 0 2 6 ,3 9 7 6 ,2 0 0 6 ,2 5 8 6 ,0 7 3 5 ,9 5 8 5 ,9 3 8 6 ,1 0 9 5 ,9 6 3 6 ,0 0 8 6 ,0 2 8 5 ,8 0 5 5 ,7 5 3 U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te .... 5.1 5 .2 5 .4 5 .3 5.1 5 .2 5 .0 4 .9 4 .9 5.1 4 .9 5 .0 5 .0 4 .8 4 .7 5 9 ,6 3 3 6 0 ,7 4 6 6 0 ,8 5 4 6 1 ,2 8 5 6 1 ,1 3 5 6 0 ,9 9 1 6 1 ,4 3 4 6 1 ,1 5 6 6 1 ,4 6 0 6 1 ,5 7 9 6 1 ,5 7 7 6 1 ,4 0 0 6 1 ,3 5 1 6 1 ,2 4 8 6 1 ,5 4 6 p o p u la tio n 1............................. 2 5 ,5 7 8 2 5 ,6 8 6 2 5 ,7 4 2 2 5 ,7 8 4 2 5 ,8 2 5 2 5 ,8 6 0 2 5 ,8 9 4 2 5 ,8 6 7 2 5 ,9 0 0 2 5 ,9 3 2 2 5 ,9 6 7 2 6 ,0 0 2 2 6 ,0 4 0 2 6 ,0 7 8 2 6 ,1 2 0 C iv ilia n la b o r f o r c e ............... 1 6 ,5 6 5 1 6 ,5 2 6 1 6 ,5 8 5 1 6 6 ,6 7 7 1 6 ,5 8 9 1 6 ,5 2 4 1 6 ,3 6 5 1 6 ,6 0 2 1 6 ,4 0 4 1 6 ,5 9 5 1 6 ,4 8 5 1 6 ,4 4 2 1 6 ,5 0 6 1 6 ,7 5 5 1 6 ,7 2 4 N o t in th e la b o r f o r c e ......... B la c k o r A f ric a n A m e r ic a n 3 C iv ilia n n o n in s t it u tio n a l P a r tic ip a tio n r a t e .......... 6 4 .8 6 4 .3 6 4 .4 6 4 .7 6 4 .2 6 3 .9 6 3 .2 6 4 .2 6 3 .3 6 4 .0 6 3 .5 6 3 .2 6 3 .4 6 4 .3 6 4 .0 E m p lo y e d ........................... 1 4 ,8 7 2 1 4 ,7 3 9 1 4,7 7 1 1 4 ,8 2 6 1 4 ,6 9 6 1 4 ,8 1 2 1 4 ,6 7 9 1 4 ,8 8 6 1 4 ,8 0 4 1 4 ,9 0 9 1 4 ,8 7 8 1 4 ,8 1 8 1 4 ,8 3 3 1 4 ,9 2 6 1 4 ,9 8 3 E m p lo y m e n t- p o p u la tio n r a tio 2............... 58.1 5 7 .4 5 7 .4 5 7 .5 5 6 .9 5 7 .3 5 6 .7 5 7 .5 5 7 .2 5 7 .2 5 7 .3 5 7 .0 5 7 .0 5 7 .2 5 7 .4 U n e m p lo y e d ...................... 1 ,6 9 3 1 ,7 8 7 1 ,8 1 3 1,851 1 ,8 9 3 1 ,7 1 2 1 ,6 8 6 1 ,7 3 6 1 ,6 0 0 1 ,6 8 6 1 ,6 0 7 1 ,6 2 4 1 ,6 7 3 1 ,8 2 9 1,74 1 U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te ... 1 0 .2 1 0 .8 1 0 .9 11.1 1 1 .4 1 0 .4 1 0 .3 1 0 .5 9 .8 1 0 .2 9 .7 9 .9 10.1 1 0 .9 1 0 .4 N o t in th e la b o r f o r c e ......... 9 ,0 1 3 9 ,1 6 1 9 ,1 2 7 9 ,1 0 7 9 ,2 3 6 9 ,3 3 6 9 ,5 2 9 9 ,2 6 5 9 ,4 9 5 9 ,3 3 7 9 ,4 8 2 9 ,5 6 0 9 ,5 3 4 9 ,3 2 3 9 ,3 9 6 S e e f o o t n o te s a t e n d o f ta b le . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 67 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 4. Continued— Employment status of the population, by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, monthly data seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Annual average Employment status 2003 2004 2002 2003 Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. D o o u la tio n 1............................ 2 5 ,9 6 3 2 7,5 5 1 2 7 ,7 0 1 2 7 ,8 0 8 2 7 ,9 1 3 2 8 ,0 1 6 2 8 ,1 1 6 2 7 ,6 1 9 2 7 ,7 0 5 2 7 ,7 9 1 2 7 ,8 7 9 2 7 ,9 6 8 2 8 ,0 5 9 2 8 ,1 5 0 2 8 ,2 4 3 C iv ilia n la b o r f o r c e .............. 1 7 ,9 4 3 1 8 ,8 1 3 1 8 ,8 4 3 1 8 ,8 7 7 1 8 ,9 4 0 1 9 ,1 2 5 1 9 ,0 3 5 18,811 1 8 ,6 9 3 1 9 ,0 1 0 1 9 ,0 6 4 1 9 ,3 1 3 1 9 ,3 0 4 1 9 ,4 5 0 1 9 ,4 8 2 P a rtic ip a tio n ra te .......... 69.1 6 8 .3 6 8 .0 6 7 .9 6 7 .9 6 8 .3 6 7 .7 68.1 6 7 .5 6 8 .4 6 8 .4 69.1 6 8 .8 69.1 6 9 .0 E m p lo y e d .......................... 1 6 ,5 9 0 1 7 ,3 7 2 173 83 1 7 ,4 5 6 1 7 ,5 5 6 1 7 ,7 0 9 1 7 ,7 8 4 17,441 1 7 ,3 0 3 1 7 ,5 9 6 1 7 ,6 9 3 1 7 ,9 5 8 1 8 ,0 1 9 1 8 ,1 1 8 1 8 ,1 4 4 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity C iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l E m p lo y m e n t-p o p u la tio n ra tio 2.............. 6 3 .9 63.1 6 2 .8 6 2 .8 6 2 .9 6 3 .2 6 3 .3 6 3 .2 6 2 .5 6 3 .3 6 3 .5 6 4 .2 6 4 .2 6 4 .4 6 4 .2 U n e m p lo y e d ..................... 1 ,3 5 3 1,441 1 ,4 6 0 1,421 1 ,3 8 3 1 ,4 1 6 1 ,2 5 0 1 ,3 7 0 1 ,3 8 9 1 ,4 1 4 1,371 1 ,3 5 5 1 ,2 8 5 1 ,3 3 2 1 ,3 3 8 U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te .... 7 .5 7 .7 7 .8 7 .5 7 .3 7 .4 6 .6 7 .3 7 .4 7 .4 7 .2 7 .0 6 .7 6 .8 6 .9 N o t in th e la b o r f o r c e .......... 8 ,0 2 0 8 ,7 3 8 8 ,8 5 8 8,931 8 ,9 7 4 8,891 9 ,0 8 2 8 ,8 0 7 9 ,0 1 2 8,781 8 ,8 1 5 8 ,6 5 4 8 ,7 5 5 8 ,7 0 0 8 ,76 1 ’ T h e p o p u la tio n fig u r e s a r e n o t s e a s o n a lly a d ju ste d . NO TE: 2 C iv ilia n e m p lo y m e n t a s a p e r c e n t o f th e c iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l p o p u la tio n . 3 B e g in n in g in 2 0 0 3 , p e r s o n s w h o s e le c te d th is r a c e g ro u p o n ly ; p e r s o n s w h o s e le c te d m o re th a n o n e r a c e g r o u p a r e n o t in c lu d e d . P r io r to 2 0 0 3 , p e r s o n s w h o re p o rte d m o re In a d d itio n , p e r s o n s w h o s e e th n ic ity is id e n tifie d a s H is p a n ic o r L a tin o m a y b e o f a n y r a c e a n d , th e re fo re , a r e c la s s ifie d b y e th n ic ity a s w e ll a s b y ra c e . B e g in n in g in J a n u a r y 2 0 0 3 , d a ta re fle c t re v is e d p o p u la tio n c o n tr o ls u s e d in th e h o u s e h o ld s u rv e y . th a n o n e r a c e w e re in c lu d e d in th e g r o u p th e y id e n tifie d a s th e m a in ra c e . 5. E s tim a te s fo r th e a b o v e r a c e g ro u p s (w hite a n d b la c k o r A fr ic a n A m e ric a n ) d o n o t s u m to to ta ls b e c a u s e d a ta a r e n o t p re s e n te d fo r a ll r a c e s . Selected employment indicators, monthly data seasonally acfusted [In thousands] Selected categories ________________________________________________ 2004 2003 Annual average 2002 2003 Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Em plo yed, 16 y e a rs a n d over.. 136,845 137,736 137,693 137,644 138,095 138,533 M e n ........................................ 72,903 73,332 73,263 73,488 73,643 73,915 W o m e n .................................. 63,582 64,404 64,431 64,155 64,452 64,618 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. 138,479 138,566 138,301 138,298 138,576 138,772 139,031 139,660 139,681 74,085 74,343 73,901 74,006 74,0 5 3 74,035 74,476 74,822 74,860 64,223 64,400 64,292 64,5 2 3 64,7 3 7 64,555 64,8 3 8 64,822 Characteristic 64,394 M a rrie d m en, sp o u s e pre sen t................................. 44,116 44,653 44,659 44,566 44,684 45,152 45,431 45,4 9 0 45,128 45,043 44,7 3 5 44,7 2 3 44,938 44,935 45,1 0 6 M a rrie d w om en, s p o u se p re sen t................................. 34,1 5 5 34,695 34,684 34,612 34,993 35,076 35,034 34,585 34,502 34,256 34,339 34,522 34,461 34,5 9 9 34,448 4,213 4,701 4,498 4,896 4,800 4,880 4,788 4,714 4,437 4,733 4,574 4,665 4 ,51 3 4,49 0 4,50 4 2,78 8 3,118 3,063 3,185 3,030 3,226 3,205 2,996 2,865 3,011 2,819 2,853 2,803 2,660 2,812 1,124 1,279 1,201 1,334 1,356 1,350 1,295 1,380 1,347 1,427 1,439 1,467 1,404 1,500 1,461 18,843 19,014 19,482 19,021 18,935 19,110 18,561 18,905 18,900 19,006 19,000 19,621 19,531 19,741 19,680 4 ,11 9 4,596 4,404 4,794 4,690 4,782 4,727 4,613 4,328 4,622 4,471 4,605 4,442 4,40 0 4,391 2 ,72 6 3,052 2,989 3,127 2,964 3,153 3,144 2,911 2,778 2,927 2,756 2,812 2,762 2,60 5 2,714 1,114 1,264 1,191 1,335 1,349 1,353 1,279 1,399 1,340 1,414 1,431 1,476 1,387 1,496 1,442 18,487 18,658 19,016 18,633 18,628 18,752 18,367 18,636 18,691 18,693 18,664 19,220 19,072 19,290 19,213 Perso n s at work pari time1 A ll industries: P art tim e for e co n o m ic re a s o n s ............................... S a c k w a k o r b u s in e ss co n d itio n s....................... C o u ld only find part-tim e w a k ................................. Part tim e for n o n ec o n o m ic re a s o n s .............................. N onag ricultural industries: P a rt tim e for e co n o m ic re a s o n s ............................... S a c k w a k o r b u s in e ss co n d itio n s........................ C o u ld o nly find part-tim e w a k ................................. Part tim e for n o n ec o n o m ic re a s o n s .............................. 1 E x d u d e s p e rso n s "with a jo b but not at w ork" during th e surv e y pe rio d f a su c h re a s o n s a s vacation, illne ss, a industrial d s p u te s . No 68 te B e g inn in g in Ja n u a ry 2 003, d a ta reflect re vise d p o pulation co n tro ls u se d in the ho u se h o ld survey. Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 6. Selected unemployment indicators, monthly data seasonally adjusted [Unemployment rates]_____________________________________________________________ Annual average Selected categories 2002 2003 2004 2003 Aug. Sept. Nov. Oct. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. C h a r a c te r is tic 5 .8 6 .0 6.1 6.1 6 .0 5 .9 5 .7 5 .6 5 .6 5 .7 5 .6 5 .6 5 .6 5 .5 5 .4 1 6 .5 1 7 .5 1 6 .9 1 7 .5 17.1 1 5 .7 16.1 1 6 .7 1 6 .6 1 6 .5 1 6 .9 1 7 .2 1 6 .8 1 7 .6 1 7 .0 M e n , 2 0 y e a r s a n d o ld e r ............................. 5 .3 5 .6 5 .8 5 .8 5 .6 5 .6 5 .3 5 .3 5.1 5 .2 5 .0 5 .2 5 .0 4 .9 5 .0 W o m e n , 2 0 y e a r s a n d o ld e r ...................... 5.1 5.1 5 .2 5 .3 5 .2 5.1 5.1 5 .0 4 .9 5.1 5 .0 4 .8 5 .0 4 .9 4 .7 T o ta l, 1 6 y e a r s a n d o ld e r ................................ W h it e , t o t a l '.................................................. 5.1 5 .2 5 .4 5 .3 5.1 5 .2 5 .0 4 .9 4 .9 5.1 4 .9 5 .0 5 .0 4 .8 4 .7 1 4 .5 1 5 .2 15.1 15.1 1 4 .3 1 4 .3 1 4 .8 14.1 1 5 .2 1 4 .8 1 5 .7 1 5 .7 1 4 .8 1 4 .9 1 5 .3 M e n , 1 6 to 19 y e a r s ........................... 1 5 .9 17.1 1 6 .5 1 7 .6 1 5 .9 1 6 .8 1 6 .3 1 4 .0 1 5 .5 1 6 .2 1 7 .9 1 8 .6 1 6 .4 1 5 .5 1 5 .8 W o m e n , 1 6 to 19 y e a r s ..................... 13.1 1 3 .3 1 3 .7 1 2 .6 1 2 .6 1 1 .5 13.1 1 4 .2 1 4 .9 1 3 .3 1 3 .3 1 2 .7 1 3 .2 1 4 .3 1 4 .8 M e n , 2 0 y e a r s a n d o ld e r ...................... 4 .7 5 .0 5 .3 5 .0 4 .9 5 .0 4 .7 4 .5 4 .5 4 .7 4 .5 4 .7 4 .5 4 .3 4 .4 W o m e n , 2 0 y e a r s a n d o ld e r ................ 4 .4 4 .4 4 .4 4 .5 4 .4 4 .4 4 .3 4 .4 4 .2 4 .4 4 .2 4.1 4 .4 4 .2 4 .0 B la c k o r A f r ic a n A m e r ic a n , t o ta l1............ 1 0 .2 1 0 .8 1 0 .9 11.1 1 1 .4 1 0 .4 1 0 .3 1 0 .5 9 .8 1 0 .2 9 .7 9 .9 10.1 1 0 .9 1 0 .4 2 9 .8 3 3 .0 2 9 .8 3 2 .7 3 7 .3 2 8 .9 2 7 .3 3 2 .5 2 5.1 2 9 .4 2 8 .3 3 2 .5 3 2 .6 3 7 .0 2 8 .9 M e n , 1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s ........................... 3 1 .3 3 6 .0 2 7 .8 3 4 .2 4 0 .9 3 2 .5 2 8 .4 4 2.1 2 9 .6 3 6 .6 3 0 .9 3 0 .3 3 3 .9 3 7 .8 3 3 .9 W o m e n , 1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s ..................... 2 8 .3 3 0 .3 3 1 .5 3 1 .4 3 3 .2 2 5 .7 2 6 .5 2 5 .8 2 1 .9 2 2 .8 2 6.1 34.1 3 1 .4 3 6 .3 2 4.1 M e n , 2 0 y e a r s a n d o ld e r ...................... 9 .5 1 0 .3 1 0 .5 1 1 .0 1 0 .5 10.1 9 .3 9 .6 9 .4 9 .2 9 .3 9 .3 9 .3 1 0 .3 1 0 .4 W o m e n , 2 0 y e a r s a n d o ld e r ................ 8 .8 9 .2 9 .7 9 .2 9 .8 9.1 9 .7 9.1 8 .8 9 .3 8 .7 8 .4 8 .9 9.1 8 .7 H is p a n ic o r L a t in o e th n ic it y ...................... 7 .5 7 .7 7 .8 7 .5 7 .3 7 .4 6 .6 7 .3 7 .4 7 .4 7 .2 7 .0 6 .7 6 .8 6 .9 M a r r ie d m e n , s p o u s e p r e s e n t ................. 3 .6 3 .8 3 .9 3 .8 3 .8 3 .7 3 .3 3 .3 3 .4 3 .2 3.1 3.1 3 .2 3 .2 3.1 P a r t- t im e w o r k e r s ......................................... 3 .7 3 .7 3 .9 3 .9 3 .8 3 .8 3 .9 3 .7 3 .6 3 .7 3 .7 3 .3 3 .7 3 .5 3 .5 5 .9 6.1 6 .2 6 .2 6.1 6.1 5 .8 5 .7 5 .6 5 .8 5 .6 5 .7 5 .6 5 .6 5 .5 5 .2 5 .5 5 .3 5 .7 5 .5 5.1 5 .3 5 .4 5 .2 5 .4 5 .3 5 .2 5 .5 5 .2 5 .2 E d u c a t io n a l a tta in m e n t2 8 .4 8 .8 9 .3 8 .7 8 .8 8 .5 8.1 8 .8 8 .5 8 .8 8 .7 8 .8 8 .8 8 .3 8.1 H ig h s c h o o l g r a d u a t e s , n o c o lle g e 3............ 5 .3 5 .5 5 .4 5 .4 5 .5 5 .4 5 .5 4 .9 5 .0 5 .3 5 .2 5 .0 5.1 5.1 4 .9 S o m e c o lle g e o r a s s o c ia t e d e g r e e ............... 4 .5 4 .8 4 .7 4 .8 4 .8 4 .8 4 .5 4 .5 4 .4 4 .7 4.1 4 .0 4 .2 4 .2 4 .0 B a c h e lo r 's d e g r e e a n d h ig h e r 4..................... 2 .9 3.1 3.1 3 .2 3.1 3.1 3 .0 2 .9 2 .9 2 .9 2 .9 2 .9 2 .7 2 .7 2 .7 3 I n c lu d e s h ig h s c h o o l d ip lo m a o r e q u iv a le n t . 1 B e g in n in g in 2 0 0 3 , p e r s o n s w h o s e le c t e d th is r a c e g r o u p o n ly ; p e r s o n s w h o s e le c t e d m o r e th a n o n e r a c e g r o u p a r e n o t in c lu d e d . P r io r to 2 0 0 3 , p e r s o n s w h o 4 I n c lu d e s p e r s o n s w ith b a c h e lo r 's , m a s t e r 's , p r o fe s s io n a l, a n d d o c to r a l d e g r e e s . r e p o r t e d m o r e th a n o n e r a c e w e r e in c lu d e d in th e g r o u p th e y id e n tif ie d a s th e m a in r a c e . 2 Note : D a t a r e f e r to p e r s o n s 2 5 y e a r s a n d o ld e r . B e g in n in g in J a n u a r y 2 0 0 3 , d a ta re fle c t r e v is e d p o p u la tio n c o n t r o ls u s e d in th e h o u s e h o ld s u r v e y . 7. Duration of unemployment, monthly data seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Weeks of unemployment 2002 2003 2004 2003 Annual average Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. 2 ,6 0 4 2 ,8 9 3 2 ,7 8 5 2 ,7 3 5 2 ,7 4 9 2 ,7 3 3 2 ,6 2 2 2 ,6 2 7 2 ,6 1 2 2 ,4 6 8 2 ,5 8 9 2 ,7 9 2 2 ,7 0 7 2 ,6 8 8 2 ,8 0 5 5 to 1 4 w e e k s ......................................... 2 ,5 8 0 2 ,6 1 2 2 ,6 3 0 2 ,7 3 6 2 ,5 8 5 2 ,5 5 6 2 ,4 5 0 2 ,3 9 4 2 ,4 1 2 2 ,4 1 4 2 ,3 6 9 2 ,3 7 6 2 ,4 0 5 2 ,4 7 6 2 ,5 2 1 1 5 w e e k s a n d o v e r ............................... 2 ,9 0 4 3 ,3 7 8 3 ,5 6 1 3 ,5 1 1 3 ,4 7 8 3 ,4 8 4 3 ,4 0 3 3 ,3 6 5 3 ,2 7 4 3 ,3 2 0 2 ,9 6 9 3 ,0 7 7 3 ,0 6 5 2 ,8 7 8 2 ,9 0 3 1 5 to 2 6 w e e k s ................................... 1 ,3 6 9 1 ,4 4 2 1,561 1 ,4 3 8 1 ,4 6 0 1 ,4 4 8 1 ,5 1 3 1 ,4 6 7 1 ,4 0 3 1 ,3 3 2 1 ,1 7 0 1 ,2 8 8 1 ,3 0 6 1 ,21 1 1 ,2 3 9 2 7 w e e k s a n d o v e r ........................... 1 ,5 3 5 1 ,9 3 6 2 ,0 0 1 2 ,0 7 3 2 ,0 1 8 2 ,0 3 6 1 ,8 9 0 1 ,8 9 8 1,871 1 ,9 8 8 1 ,8 0 0 1 ,7 8 9 1 ,7 5 9 1 ,6 6 7 1 ,6 6 4 M e a n d u r a tio n , in w e e k s .................... 1 6 .6 1 9 .2 1 9 .2 1 9 .6 1 9 .4 2 0 .0 1 9 .6 1 9 .8 2 0 .3 2 0.1 1 9 .7 2 0 .0 1 9 .9 1 8 .6 1 9 .0 M e d ia n d u r a tio n , in w e e k s ................ 9.1 10.1 1 0 .0 10.1 1 0 .3 1 0 .4 1 0 .4 1 0 .7 1 0 .3 1 0 .3 9 .5 1 0 .0 1 0 .8 8 .9 9 .4 No te : B e g in n in g in J a n u a r y 2 0 0 3 , d a t a r e f le c t r e v is e d p o p u la tio n c o n t r o ls u s e d in th e h o u s e h o ld s u r v e y . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 69 Current Labor Statistics: 8. Labor Force Data Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, monthly data seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Reason for unemployment Annual average 2002 2003 2003 2004 Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. 4 ,6 0 7 4 ,3 9 9 3 ,9 3 6 J o b lo s e r s 1............................................. 4 ,6 0 7 4 ,8 3 8 4 ,9 3 9 4 ,9 4 7 4 ,8 7 7 4 ,7 1 9 4 ,6 1 8 4 ,3 8 2 4 ,3 2 3 4 ,2 1 1 4 ,0 9 9 4 ,1 8 1 O n t e m p o r a r y la y o f f ......................... 1 ,1 2 4 1 ,1 2 1 1 ,0 9 2 1 ,1 1 0 1 ,0 9 7 1 ,0 5 5 1 ,0 6 0 1 ,0 2 8 1 ,0 6 4 1 ,0 4 0 994 926 1 ,0 1 1 1 ,0 6 5 982 N o t o n t e m p o r a r y la y o f f ................... 3 ,4 8 3 3 ,7 1 7 3 ,8 4 7 3 ,8 3 7 3 ,7 8 0 3 ,6 6 4 3 ,5 5 8 3 ,3 5 3 3 ,2 5 8 3 ,5 6 7 3 ,4 0 5 3 ,2 8 6 3 ,0 8 8 3 ,1 1 6 2 ,9 5 5 J o b le a v e r s .............................................. 866 818 790 836 789 931 783 804 827 836 822 846 902 895 884 R e e n t r a n t s .............................................. 2 ,3 6 8 2 ,4 7 7 2 ,5 3 0 2 ,4 3 6 2 ,5 1 8 2 ,4 4 0 2 ,3 6 6 2 ,5 0 9 2 ,4 2 4 2 ,4 2 4 2 ,3 1 4 2 ,4 3 8 2 ,4 3 5 2 ,3 3 0 2 ,4 4 7 N e w e n t r a n t s .......................................... 536 641 650 684 653 619 694 681 676 627 645 713 636 680 694 J o b l o s e r s 1............................................. 5 5 .0 55.1 5 5 .4 5 5 .6 5 5 .2 5 4 .2 5 4 .6 5 2 .3 5 2 .4 5 4 .2 5 3 .8 5 1 .3 5 0 .8 5 1 .7 4 9 .4 O n te m p o r a r y la y o f f ..... :.................. 1 3 .4 1 2 .8 1 2 .3 1 2 .5 1 2 .4 12.1 1 2 .5 1 2 .3 1 2 .9 1 2 .2 12.1 1 1 .3 1 2 .5 1 3 .2 1 2 .3 N o t o n te m p o r a r y la y o f f .................. 4 1 .6 4 2 .4 4 3 .2 4 3.1 4 2 .8 4 2.1 4 2 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .8 4 2 .0 4 1 .6 4 0 .0 3 8 .3 3 8 .5 3 7.1 J o b le a v e r s .............................................. 1 0 .3 9 .3 8 .9 9 .4 8 .9 1 0 .7 9 .3 9 .6 1 0 .0 9 .8 10.1 1 0 .3 1 1 .2 11.1 11.1 R e e n t r a n t s .............................................. 2 8 .3 2 8 .2 2 8 .4 2 7 .4 2 8 .5 2 8 .0 2 8 .0 3 0 .0 2 9 .4 2 8 .5 2 8 .3 2 9 .7 3 0 .2 2 8 .8 3 0 .7 N e w e n t r a n t s .......................................... 6 .4 7 .3 7 .3 7 .7 7 .4 7.1 8 .2 8.1 8 .2 7 .4 7 .9 8 .7 7 .9 8 .4 8 .7 2 .7 Percent of unemployed Percent of civilian labor force J o b lo s e r s 1.............................................. 3 .2 3 .3 3 .4 3 .4 3 .3 3 .2 3.1 3 .0 3 .0 3.1 3 .0 2 .9 2 .8 2 .8 J o b le a v e r s .............................................. .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 R e e n t r a n t s ............................................... 1 .6 1 .7 1 .7 1 .7 1 .7 1 .7 1 .6 1 .7 1 .7 1 .7 1 .6 1 .7 1 .7 1 .6 1 .7 N e w e n t r a n t s .......................................... .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 .4 .4 .5 .4 .5 .5 1 I n c lu d e s p e r s o n s w h o c o m p le t e d te m p o r a r y jo b s . NOTE: 9. B e g in n in g In J a n u a r y 2 0 0 3 , d a t a r e f le c t r e v is e d p o p u la tio n c o n t r o ls u s e d In th e h o u s e h o ld s u r v e y . Unemployment rates by sex and age, monthly data seasonally adjusted [Civilian workers] Sex and age Annual average 2002 2003 2003 Aug. Sept. 6 .0 6.1 6.1 6 .0 Oct. 2004 Nov. Dec. 5 .9 5 .7 T o ta l, 1 6 y e a r s a n d o ld e r .................... 5 .8 1 6 to 2 4 y e a r s .................................... 1 2 .0 1 2 .4 1 2 .4 1 2 .8 1 2 .3 12.1 1 1 .7 1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s ................................ 1 6 .5 1 7 .5 1 6 .9 1 7 .5 17.1 1 5 .7 16.1 Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 5 .6 5 .7 5 .6 5 .6 5 .6 1 2 .0 1 1 .8 1 1 .8 1 1 .6 12.1 1 2 .0 1 2 .0 1 1 .6 1 6 .7 1 6 .6 1 6 .5 1 6 .9 1 7 .2 1 6 .8 1 7 .6 1 7 .0 5 .6 July 5 .5 Aug. 5 .4 1 6 to 1 7 y e a r s ............................. 1 8 .8 19.1 1 8 .8 1 9 .3 2 0 .2 1 7 .5 1 8 .3 1 8 .2 1 7 .6 1 9 .4 2 0 .2 2 1 .6 2 0 .6 2 0 .2 2 0 .8 1 8 to 1 9 y e a r s ............................. 15.1 1 6 .4 1 5 .7 1 6 .2 1 5 .2 1 4 .7 1 4 .7 1 5 .7 1 5 .7 1 4 .5 1 4 .7 1 4 .7 1 4 .3 16.1 1 4 .9 2 0 to 2 4 y e a r s ................................ 9 .7 1 0 .0 1 0 .2 1 0 .6 10.1 1 0 .4 9 .6 9 .8 9 .5 9 .6 9 .2 9 .7 9 .8 9 .3 9 .0 2 5 y e a r s a n d o ld e r ........................... 4 .6 4 .8 5 .0 4 .9 4 .9 4 .8 4 .7 4 .5 4 .5 4 .6 4 .5 4 .4 4 .5 4 .4 4 .3 2 5 to 5 4 y e a r s ............................ 4 .8 5 .0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5 .0 4 .9 4 .7 4 .7 4 .9 4 .6 4 .5 4 .5 4 .6 4 .5 5 5 y e a r s a n d o ld e r .................... 3 .8 4.1 4.1 4 .0 3 .8 3 .9 3 .9 3 .7 3 .8 3 .8 3 .8 3 .9 3 .9 3 .7 3 .7 M e n , 1 6 y e a r s a n d o ld e r ................... 5 .9 6 .3 6 .4 6 .4 6 .2 6 .2 5 .8 5 .7 5 .7 5 .8 5 .7 5 .8 5 .6 5 .5 5 .6 1 6 to 2 4 y e a r s .................................. 1 2 .8 1 3 .4 1 2 .9 14.1 1 3 .2 1 3 .4 1 2 .6 1 2 .7 1 2 .2 1 2 .6 1 2 .8 1 3 .0 1 2 .8 1 2 .2 1 2 .4 1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s .............................. 18.1 1 9 .3 1 7 .6 1 9 .6 1 8 .7 1 8 .3 1 7 .4 1 7 .5 1 7 .2 1 8 .3 19.1 19.1 18.1 1 7 .7 1 8 .0 1 6 to 1 7 y e a r s .......................... 2 1.1 2 0 .7 2 0 .6 2 2.1 2 0 .4 1 8 .3 1 8 .4 1 9 .3 1 9 .4 2 2 .3 2 3 .4 2 3 .3 2 2 .8 2 1 .2 2 1 .9 1 8 to 1 9 y e a r s .......................... 1 6 .4 1 8 .4 1 5 .6 1 8 .2 1 7 .9 18.1 1 6 .9 1 6 .2 1 5 .7 1 5 .8 1 6 .5 1 6 .6 1 5 .8 1 5 .7 1 6 .0 2 0 to 2 4 y e a r s .............................. 1 0 .2 1 0 .6 1 0 .7 1 1 .7 1 0 .8 1 1 .2 1 0 .4 1 0 .5 1 0 .0 10.1 1 0 .0 1 0 .3 1 0 .4 9 .7 9 .9 2 5 y e a r s a n d o ld e r ......................... 4 .7 5 .0 5 .2 5 .0 5 .0 5 .0 4 .7 4 .5 4 .5 4 .6 4 .4 4 .6 4 .4 4 .4 4 .4 2 5 to 5 4 y e a r s .......................... 4 .8 5 .2 5 .4 5 .2 5 .2 5 .2 4 .9 4 .7 4 .7 4 .8 4 .5 4 .7 4 .4 4 .5 4 .5 5 5 y e a r s a n d o ld e r ................. 4.1 4 .4 4 .4 4 .2 4 .0 4.1 4 .0 3 .6 3 .7 3 .8 3 .9 4.1 4 .3 3 .8 4 .0 W o m e n , 1 6 y e a r s a n d o ld e r ............ 5 .6 5 .7 5 .8 5 .8 5 .7 5 .5 5 .6 5 .6 5 .5 5 .6 5 .4 5 .3 5 .6 5 .6 5 .3 1 6 to 2 4 y e a r s ................................. 11.1 1 1 .4 1 1 .8 1 1 .4 1 1 .3 1 0 .7 1 0 .7 1 1 .3 1 1 .2 1 0 .8 1 0 .3 11.1 1 1 .2 1 1 .7 1 0 .7 1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s .............................. 1 4 .9 1 5 .6 1 6 .2 1 5 .2 1 5 .4 1 3 .0 1 4 .7 1 5 .9 1 6 .0 1 4 .7 1 4 .5 1 5 .3 1 5 .6 1 7 .5 16.1 1 6 to 1 7 y e a r s .......................... 1 6 .6 1 7 .5 1 7 .0 1 6 .5 2 0.1 1 6 .6 1 8 .2 17.1 1 5 .9 1 6 .9 1 7 .3 20.1 1 8 .7 1 9 .4 1 9 .7 1 8 tO 1 9 y e a r s .......................... 1 3 .8 1 4 .2 1 5 .8 14.1 1 2 .5 11.1 1 2 .2 1 5 .2 1 5 .6 1 3 .0 1 2 .6 1 2 .7 1 2 .6 1 6 .5 1 3 .6 2 0 to 2 4 y e a r s .............................. 9.1 9 .3 9 .7 9 .5 9 .3 9 .6 8 .8 8 .9 8 .9 8 .9 8 .3 9 .0 9 .0 8 .8 2 5 y e a r s a n d o ld e r ......................... 4 .6 4 .6 4 .7 4 .7 4 .7 4 .6 4 .6 4 .6 4 .4 4 .6 4 .6 4 .2 4 .5 4 .5 4 .3 2 5 to 5 4 y e a r s .......................... 4 .8 4 .8 4 .8 4 .9 4 .9 4 .8 5 .0 4 .8 4 .5 4 .9 4 .7 4 .4 4 .7 4 .7 4 .4 5 5 y e a r s a n d o ld e r 1................ 3 .6 3 .7 4 .5 3 .8 3 .4 3 .5 3 .5 4.1 3 .9 3 .5 3 .3 3 .3 3 .8 3 .8 3 .9 1 D a t a a r e n o t s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d . N O T E : B e g in n in g In J a n u a r y 2 0 0 3 , d a t a r e f le c t r e v is e d p o p u la tio n c o n t r o ls u s e d in th e h o u s e h o ld s u r v e y . 70 Jan. Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 8 .0 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 10. Unemployment rdes by Stete, seasonally adjusted July 2003 State June July 2004p 2004p July 2003 State June July 2004p 2004p A l a b a m a ............................................................... 5 .8 5 .3 5 .7 5 .8 5 .2 5 .5 A l a s k a ................................................................... 8.1 7 .3 7 .2 4 8 4 8 4 3 C a lif o r n ia ............................................................. M is s o u r i 5 .8 4 .7 4 .4 4.1 3 .3 3 4 6 .3 5 .7 5 .6 5 .4 4 2 4 .4 6 .9 6 .3 6.1 4 3 3 9 3 9 6 .2 4 .9 5.1 6.1 4 7 5 0 5 3 5 .7 4 .6 4 .6 6 7 5 4 4 .5 3 .8 3 .9 6 .4 6 .2 5 9 7.1 7.1 7 .8 6 6 5 5 5 0 5 .2 4 .8 4 .4 3 9 3 1 3 1 4 .9 4 .0 4.1 6 3 5 8 5 9 H a w a ii................................................................... 4 .4 3.1 3 .0 5 .9 4 .9 4 4 I d a h o ..................................................................... 5 .6 5 .0 4 .9 8 .7 6 9 6 8 I llin o is .................................................................... 6 .7 5 .9 6.1 5 6 5 6 5 3 5 7 I n d ia n a .................................................................. 5 .5 4 .8 5.1 5 3 5 8 4 .7 4 .3 4 .4 7 2 6 6 6 .0 K a n s a s .................................................................. 5 .6 4 .7 4 .6 3 .7 3 4 3 4 K e n t u c k y ............................................................. 6 .6 5 .5 5 .3 6 .0 4 .5 4 .5 7.1 6 .0 6.1 6 8 5 .7 5 7 5.1 4.1 4 .2 5 .6 4 6 4 8 M a in e .................................................................... U t a h ...................................................................... 4 .6 3 .9 4.1 4 6 3 4 3 4 M a s s a c h u s e t t s ................................................... 5 .8 5 .3 5 .3 4 3 3 .5 3 4 M ic h ig a n ............................................................... 7 .5 6 .5 6 .8 7 .7 6.1 6 .0 5.1 4 .4 4 .4 6 4 5 3 5 ? 6 .6 5 .4 5 .9 5 8 5 .0 4 7 4 .3 3 .6 3 .6 M is s is s ip p i.......................................................... W y o m in g .............................................................. p = p r e lim in a r y 11. Employment of workers on nonfarm payrolls by State, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] State July June July 2003 2004p 2004p State July June July 2003 2004p 2004p A la b a m a ..................... 2 ,1 5 2 ,7 6 4 2 ,1 5 6 ,9 8 9 2 ,1 6 7 ,2 4 1 M is s o u r i.................................................. 3 ,0 2 1 ,0 5 2 3 ,0 2 2 ,7 7 6 3 ,0 3 1 ,1 5 3 A l a s k a ......................... 3 3 2 ,1 4 7 3 4 4 ,0 8 8 3 4 4 ,3 0 9 M o n t a n a ................................................. 4 7 6 ,8 0 6 4 8 1 ,3 0 7 4 8 1 ,3 3 7 A r iz o n a ........................ 2 ,6 9 5 ,0 5 5 2 ,7 5 0 ,9 8 7 2 ,7 6 3 ,1 5 0 9 7 8 ,3 1 4 986 448 988 438 A r k a n s a s .................... 1 ,2 6 0 ,5 1 8 1 ,3 1 5 ,1 9 3 1 ,3 1 8 ,3 7 7 1 ,1 4 2 ,9 9 0 1 ,1 8 3 ,7 6 9 1 ,1 8 7 ,3 3 8 C a lif o r n ia .................... 1 7 ,4 7 4 ,1 5 8 1 7 ,6 5 8 ,5 8 7 1 7 ,6 6 4 ,2 3 8 N e w H a m p s h ir e ................................... 7 2 1 ,5 6 3 7 2 8 ,9 9 0 7 3 3 ,5 6 8 C o lo r a d o .................... 2 ,4 8 3 ,1 4 5 2 ,5 1 8 ,7 6 7 2 ,5 1 7 ,0 3 5 N e w J e r s e y ............................................ 4 ,3 9 2 ,0 2 2 4 ,4 0 1 ,9 9 3 4 ,4 2 0 ,7 5 3 C o n n e c t ic u t ............... 1 ,8 0 4 ,4 0 1 1 ,7 9 2 ,7 5 7 1 ,7 9 3 ,5 0 6 N e w M e x ic o .......................................... 9 0 0 ,3 3 4 9 0 6 ,3 7 0 9 0 5 ,3 2 3 D e la w a r e .................... 4 1 7 ,8 4 4 4 2 7 ,0 5 4 4 2 6 ,6 8 9 N e w Y o r k ............................................... 9 ,3 0 0 ,5 3 5 9 ,3 0 8 ,2 6 8 9 ,3 2 8 ,5 5 4 2 9 7 ,2 5 1 N e v a d a ................................................... D is tr ic t o f C o lu m b ia . 3 0 3 ,1 0 7 2 9 8 ,6 3 2 N o r th C a r o lin a ...................................... 4 ,2 5 2 ,5 7 6 4 ,1 9 7 ,3 1 7 4 ,1 8 9 ,2 4 7 F lo r id a ......................... 8 ,1 7 5 ,9 6 8 8 ,3 8 1 ,4 8 0 8 ,3 7 6 ,2 3 4 N o rth D a k o t a ......................................... 3 4 6 ,6 2 7 3 4 9 ,7 9 9 3 4 9 ,1 3 6 G e o r g ia ...................... 4 ,4 3 0 ,2 0 6 4 ,4 1 3 ,1 7 0 4 ,4 2 3 ,7 1 1 O h io ......................................................... 5 ,9 3 1 ,7 2 1 5 ,8 5 0 ,4 7 9 5 ,8 6 5 ,5 8 7 H a w a ii......................... 6 1 8 ,9 8 0 6 2 9 ,4 0 4 6 3 0 ,1 4 5 O k la h o m a .............................................. 1 ,6 9 8 ,1 4 0 1 ,7 0 9 ,8 6 4 1 ,7 0 8 ,7 4 7 I d a h o ........................... 6 9 3 ,8 4 7 7 0 5 ,9 1 1 7 0 6 ,5 8 1 O r e g o n ................................................... 1 ,8 7 2 ,5 1 0 1 ,8 4 9 ,2 4 3 1 ,8 5 4 ,7 6 5 P e n n s y lv a n ia ........................................ 6 ,1 6 4 ,3 9 5 6 ,2 3 8 ,8 1 6 6 ,2 6 4 ,9 2 3 I llin o is .......................... 6 ,3 3 4 ,7 8 5 6 ,3 4 2 ,4 1 2 6 ,3 8 3 ,8 0 8 I n d ia n a ........................ 3 ,2 0 4 ,1 4 3 3 ,1 7 7 ,9 7 3 3 ,1 7 0 ,1 9 1 R h o d e I s la n d ........................................ 5 7 5 ,5 2 7 5 6 9 ,1 8 4 5 7 2 ,2 0 3 Io w a ............................. 1 ,6 0 9 ,4 6 7 1 ,6 2 3 ,0 6 4 1 6 ,2 5 8 ,8 3 3 S o u t h C a r o lin a .................................... 2 ,0 1 1 ,3 4 5 2 ,0 6 4 ,9 2 6 2 ,0 6 7 ,2 9 2 K a n s a s ........................ 1 ,4 3 9 ,6 6 2 1 ,4 6 4 ,7 4 0 1 ,4 6 5 ,6 8 4 S o u t h D a k o t a ........................................ 4 2 5 ,3 3 5 4 2 4 ,5 9 7 4 2 4 ,6 1 2 K e n t u c k y .................... 1 ,9 6 5 ,0 1 1 1 ,9 8 6 ,3 7 6 1 ,9 8 8 ,4 0 5 T e n n e s s e e ............................................ 2 ,9 0 5 ,8 4 0 2 ,9 2 1 ,0 2 2 2 ,9 2 0 ,5 4 8 L o u is ia n a .................... 2 ,0 3 4 ,9 2 0 2 ,0 3 1 ,8 1 8 2 ,0 4 7 ,4 0 2 T e x a s ...................................................... 1 0 ,9 2 6 ,4 6 8 1 0 ,9 3 3 ,5 2 3 1 0 ,9 5 2 ,1 3 2 M a in e .......................... 6 9 3 ,7 7 2 6 9 9 ,9 0 0 6 9 7 ,5 7 6 U t a h ......................................................... 1 ,1 8 5 ,7 3 5 1 ,2 0 5 ,9 6 3 1 ,2 0 6 ,1 7 2 M a r y la n d .................... 2 ,9 0 9 ,0 7 0 2 ,9 4 5 ,6 5 4 2 ,9 5 2 ,4 9 1 V e r m o n t .................................................. 3 5 1 ,0 8 4 3 5 3 ,4 3 7 M a s s a c h u s e t t s ......... 3 ,4 1 1 ,7 6 3 3 ,4 0 9 ,1 6 7 3 ,4 1 4 ,7 7 7 V ir g in ia ................................................... 3 ,7 8 2 ,8 8 3 3 ,8 4 7 ,8 0 2 3 ,8 4 5 ,6 3 5 M ic h ig a n ..................... 5 ,0 5 2 ,2 1 5 5 ,0 3 8 ,2 1 1 5 ,0 4 6 ,0 4 8 W a s h in g t o n .......................................... 3 ,1 4 1 ,7 8 2 3 ,2 1 6 ,2 8 3 3 ,1 9 3 ,7 9 1 M in n e s o t a ................. 2 ,9 2 2 ,0 3 1 2 ,9 5 2 ,7 7 3 2 ,9 5 2 ,2 2 1 W e s t V ir g in ia ........................................ 7 8 9 ,8 9 7 7 9 8 ,9 5 0 8 0 1 ,1 4 6 M is s is s ip p i................. 1 ,3 1 9 ,5 3 8 1 ,3 1 6 ,6 8 3 1 ,3 2 7 ,9 8 1 W is c o n s in .............................................. 3 ,0 8 9 ,9 0 8 3 ,1 1 3 ,9 9 7 3 ,1 0 8 ,5 6 4 W y o m in g ................................................ 2 7 9 ,0 8 9 2 7 8 ,9 7 9 2 7 9 ,0 9 4 3 5 4 ,1 2 2 p = p r e lim in a r y . No te : S o m e d a ta In th is t a b le m a y d iffe r fro m d a ta p u b lis h e d e ls e w h e r e b e c a u s e o f th e c o n t in u a l u p d a tin g o f th e d a ta b a s e . Monthly Labor Review October 2004 71 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 12. Employment of workers on nonfarm payrolls by industry, monthly data seasonally adjusted [In thousands]_______________________________________________________________________________________ Industry Annual average T O T A L N O N F A R M ................ T O T A L P R I V A T E ........................ G O O D S - P R O D U C I N G ..................... 2003 2002 2003 Aug. 130 ,3 41 129 ,9 31 1 2 9 ,7 8 9 1 2 9 ,8 5 6 1 0 8 .8 2 8 1 0 8 .3 5 6 1 0 8 .2 0 9 1 0 8 .3 1 7 2 2 ,5 5 7 2 1 ,8 1 7 2 1 ,7 1 2 2 1 ,6 9 7 2 1 ,6 7 4 Sept. 2004 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 1 2 9 ,9 4 4 1 3 0 ,0 2 7 1 3 0 ,0 3 5 1 3 0 ,1 9 4 1 3 0 ,2 7 7 1 3 0 ,6 3 0 1 3 0 ,9 5 4 1 0 8 .3 8 4 1 0 8 .4 8 3 108.491 1 0 8 .6 6 7 1 0 8 .7 3 8 1 0 9 .0 7 7 1 0 9 .3 8 2 2 1 ,6 8 6 2 1 ,6 6 8 2 1 ,6 9 6 2 1 ,6 8 4 2 1 ,7 7 8 2 1 ,8 2 2 Oct. Apr. May June July’’ Aug.p 1 3 1 ,1 6 2 1 3 1 ,2 5 8 131,331 1 3 1 ,4 7 5 1 0 9 .6 1 8 1 0 9 .7 3 0 1 0 9 .7 9 0 1 0 9 .9 1 0 2 1 ,8 9 4 2 1,8 9 1 2 1 ,9 0 6 2 1 ,9 4 2 Natural r e s o u rc e s a n d m in in g ............................................ 583 571 569 568 569 571 570 570 572 581 585 589 587 592 591 L o g g in g ....................................... 7 0 .4 6 8 .5 6 7 .5 6 7 .4 6 7 .9 6 7 .6 6 5 .9 65.1 6 4 .2 6 5 .9 6 6 .7 6 5 .6 6 4 .5 6 4 .5 6 4 .7 M in in g .............................................. 5 2 6 .7 5 1 2 .2 5 0 2 .3 5 0 1 .8 5 0 0 .8 5 0 1 .5 5 0 3 .4 5 0 4 .3 505.1 508.1 5 1 4 .9 5 1 8 .5 5 2 3 .2 5 2 2 .7 5 2 7 .2 O il a n d g a s e x tr a c tio n ................ 1 21 .9 1 2 2 .9 123 .2 1 23 .6 124.1 1 23 .9 1 24 .6 1 26 .9 1 28 .9 1 30 .0 1 3 1 .0 1 32 .3 1 3 2 .0 1 32 .0 1 3 2 .6 M in in a . e x c e D t o il a n d a a s 1...... 2 1 0 .6 2 0 2 .7 2 0 3 .6 2 0 1 .6 202.1 2 0 2 .4 2 0 2 .0 2 0 0 .0 2 0 0 .6 2 0 2 .8 2 0 5 .2 2 0 7 .8 2 0 7 .9 2 1 0 .9 2 0 8 .5 C o a l m in in a ............................... S u p p o r t a c tiv itie s fo r m in in g .... 7 4 .4 1 79 .8 7 0 .4 1 76 .8 7 0 .7 1 75 .0 6 9.2 1 75 .6 6 9 .6 1 75 .3 6 9 .5 177.1 6 9 .8 1 77 .7 6 9 .6 1 78 .2 7 0 .2 1 7 8 .6 7 0 .6 182.1 7 1 .8 1 82 .3 7 2 .9 183.1 7 3 .5 1 8 2 .8 7 5 .0 1 84 .3 7 4 .5 1 8 5 .6 C o n s tr u c tio n ................................. 6 ,7 1 6 6 ,7 2 2 6 ,7 3 9 6 ,7 5 4 6 ,7 5 4 6,771 6 ,7 7 4 6 ,8 1 2 6,791 6 ,8 5 3 6 ,8 7 2 6 ,9 0 9 6,911 6 ,9 1 5 6 ,9 3 0 C o n s tru c tio n o f b u ild in a s .......... 1 .5 7 4 .8 1 .5 7 5 .9 1 .5 7 0 .0 1 .5 7 7 .7 1 .5 7 9 .4 1 .5 8 3 .9 1.585.1 1 .5 9 3 .3 1 .5 9 0 .9 1 .6 0 7 .6 1 .6 0 9 .8 1 .6 2 2 .9 1 .6 2 5 .9 1 .6 3 0 .3 1 .6 3 7 .6 H e a v y a n d civ il e n a in e e r in a .... 9 3 0 .6 9 1 0 .7 9 1 3 .9 9 1 5 .2 9 1 0 .8 9 1 8 .8 9 2 0 .7 9 2 8 .0 9 2 4 .0 9 2 6 .8 9 2 4 .7 9 2 4 .3 9 2 0 .9 9 2 1 .6 9 2 2 .4 S p e c ia lity tra d e c o n tr a c to r s ..... 4 .2 1 0 .4 4 .2 3 5 .5 4 .2 5 5 .5 4 .2 6 0 .9 4 .2 6 3 .7 4 .2 6 8 .6 4 .2 6 8 .4 4 .2 9 0 .2 4 .2 7 6 .5 4 .3 1 8 .9 4 .3 3 7 .3 4 .3 6 2 .2 4 .3 6 4 .6 4 .3 6 3 .0 4 .3 6 9 .8 M a n u fa c tu rin g .............................. 1 5 ,2 5 9 1 4 ,5 2 5 1 4 ,4 0 4 1 4 ,3 7 5 14,351 1 4 ,3 4 4 1 4 ,3 2 4 1 4 ,3 1 4 14,321 1 4 ,3 4 4 1 4 ,3 6 5 1 4 ,3 9 6 1 4 ,3 9 3 1 4 ,3 9 9 14,421 P ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s ............... 1 0 .7 6 6 1 0 .2 0 0 1 0 .1 0 4 1 0 .0 7 7 1 0 .0 5 8 1 0 .0 4 8 1 0 .0 4 4 1 0 .0 3 5 1 0 .0 3 8 1 0 .0 5 8 1 0 .0 8 5 1 0 .1 2 3 1 0 .1 2 8 1 0 .1 4 3 1 0 ,1 6 9 D u ra b le g o o d s ........................... 9 ,4 8 3 8 ,9 7 0 8 ,8 8 6 8 ,8 6 7 8 ,8 5 4 8 ,8 7 4 8 ,8 6 8 8 ,8 6 9 8 ,8 8 2 8 ,8 8 9 8 ,9 2 4 8 ,9 4 6 8 ,9 5 5 8 ,9 5 9 8 ,9 9 5 P ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s ............... 6 .5 2 9 6 .1 5 7 6 .0 9 9 6 .0 7 7 6 .0 6 6 6 .0 8 9 6 .0 7 9 6.081 6 .0 8 8 6.101 6 .1 2 6 6 .1 5 2 6 .1 6 4 6.17 1 6 .2 0 2 W o o d D ro d u c ts ........................... 5 5 4 .9 536.1 5 2 8 .9 5 3 1 .8 5 3 3 .4 5 3 6 .3 5 3 6 .6 5 3 6 .3 5 3 8 .4 5 3 9 .7 540 543 5 4 3 .8 5 4 4 .2 545.1 N o n m e ta llic m in e ra l p r o d u c ts 5 1 6 .0 4 9 2 .6 4 9 0 .2 488 4 8 6 .6 4 8 9 .7 4 8 7 .5 4 9 2 .7 4 9 0 .5 4 9 3 .2 4 9 7 .8 5 0 1 .4 5 0 1 .7 5 0 2 .4 502.1 P rim a r y m e ta ls ........................... 5 0 9 .4 4 7 6 .7 4 7 0 .6 4 6 6 .3 4 6 4 .6 4 3 2 .2 4 6 2 .2 4 6 2 .5 4 6 4 .0 4 6 6 .4 4 6 5 .3 F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l D ro d u c ts ....... 1 .5 4 8 .5 1 .4 7 8 .4 1 .4 6 5 .6 1.461.1 1 .4 6 1 .3 1.468.1 1 .4 7 1 .2 1 .4 7 1 .8 1 .4 7 6 .6 1 .4 7 8 .5 1 .4 8 6 .7 1 .4 9 4 .5 1 .4 9 7 .6 1.503.1 1 .5 0 7 .8 M a c h in e r / .................................... 1 .2 2 9 .5 1 .1 5 3 .5 1 .1 4 0 .8 1 .1 3 9 .4 1 .1 3 7 .0 1 .1 4 2 .5 1 .1 4 0 .4 1 .1 3 8 .7 1 .1 4 1 .2 1.145.1 1 .1 5 2 .0 1 .1 5 3 .3 1 .1 5 6 .7 1 .1 6 1 .9 1 .1 6 5 .4 1 ,3 3 2 .8 1 ,3 3 4 .4 1 ,3 3 2 .2 1 ,3 3 3 .2 1 ,3 3 3 .9 1 ,3 3 8 .0 1 ,3 3 9 .7 1 ,3 4 5 .8 1 ,3 4 6 .2 1 ,3 5 2 .4 1 ,3 5 5 .7 4 6 3 .4 464.1 4 6 2 .0 4 6 5 .4 C o m p u t e r a n d e le c tr o n ic p r o d u c t s '.................................. 1 ,5 0 7 .2 1 ,3 6 0 .9 1 ,3 4 3 .8 1 ,3 3 9 .2 C o m p u te r a n d p e rip h e r a l e q u ip m e n t................................ 2 5 0 .0 2 2 5 .7 2 2 2 .5 2 2 1 .9 2 1 9 .3 219.1 2 1 7 .8 2 1 9 .4 2 1 9 .0 2 1 8 .6 218.1 2 1 8 .8 2 1 7 .7 2 1 8 .4 2 2 0 .4 C o m m u n ic a t io n s e q u ip m e n t.. 1 8 5 .8 1 5 7 .0 1 55 .0 154.1 1 5 3 .9 1 54 .4 1 53 .0 1 54 .8 1 54 .8 1 5 5 .0 155.1 1 55 .9 157.1 1 58 .6 1 5 9 .3 5 2 4 .5 4 6 1 .8 4 5 6 .2 4 5 3 .3 4 4 9 .4 4 5 1 .2 4 5 1 .3 4 5 0 .2 4 5 1 .4 452.1 4 5 3 .4 4 5 5 .8 4 5 8 .0 4 6 0 .2 4 6 1 .0 4 5 0 .0 4 2 9 .3 4 2 5 .2 4 2 5 .5 425.1 4 2 5 .2 4 2 5 .3 4 2 3 .7 4 2 3 .3 4 2 6 .8 4 2 7 .5 4 30 .1 4 2 9 .8 4 3 1 .8 4 3 1 .5 S e m ic o n d u c to r s a n d e le c t r o n ic c o m p o n e n t s .......... E le c tr o n ic in s tru m e n ts ........... E le c tric a l e q u ip m e n t a n d T ra n s p o rta tio n e q u ip m e n t....... 4 9 6 .5 4 5 9 .9 4 5 3 .8 452.1 4 5 0 .8 4 5 0 .9 4 5 1 .2 4 4 9 .8 4 4 8 .6 4 4 6 .8 4 4 6 .5 4 4 7 .3 4 4 8 .6 4 4 9 .9 4 5 0 .3 1 ,8 2 8 .9 1 ,77 5 .4 1 ,7 6 6 .5 1 ,7 6 5 .6 1 ,7 6 5 .5 1 ,7 6 6 .5 1 ,7 6 2 .7 1 ,7 6 0 .6 1 ,7 6 6 .5 1,769.1 1 ,7 6 8 .8 1 ,7 6 4 .4 1,765.1 1 ,7 4 7 .6 1 ,7 7 5 .5 5 7 2 .9 F u rn itu re a n d re la te d 604.1 5 7 3 .5 568.1 5 6 8 .0 5 6 8 .2 5 6 8 .9 5 6 9 .3 5 7 1 .3 5 7 1 .2 5 7 3 .4 5 7 6 .5 5 7 7 .6 5 7 5 .0 5 7 6 .2 M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu rin g 6 8 8 .3 6 6 2 .8 6 5 7 .9 6 5 5 .9 6 5 5 .2 6 5 2 .7 6 5 1 .9 6 5 2 .0 6 5 3 .0 6 5 3 .0 6 5 3 .0 6 5 4 .4 6 5 4 .6 6 5 5 .2 6 5 4 .4 N o n d u ra b le g o o d s ..................... 5 ,7 7 5 5 ,5 5 5 5 ,5 1 8 5 ,5 0 8 5 ,4 9 7 5 ,4 7 0 5 ,4 5 6 5 ,4 4 5 5 ,4 3 9 5 ,4 4 5 5,441 5 ,4 5 0 5 ,4 3 8 5 ,4 4 0 5 ,4 2 6 p r o d u c ts ..................................... P ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s ............... 4 ,2 3 9 4 ,0 4 3 4 ,0 0 5 4 ,0 0 0 3 ,9 9 2 3 ,9 5 9 3 ,9 6 5 3 ,9 5 4 3 ,9 5 0 3 ,9 5 7 3 ,9 5 9 3,971 3 ,9 6 4 3 ,9 7 2 3 ,9 6 7 F o o d m a n u fa c tu rin g .................. 1 ,5 2 5 .7 1 ,5 1 8 .7 1 ,5 2 3 .8 1 ,5 2 6 .0 1 ,5 2 8 .2 1 ,5 0 8 .3 1 ,5 0 6 .3 1 ,5 0 0 .7 1 ,5 0 2 .4 1 ,5 0 4 .5 1 ,5 0 2 .7 1 ,5 0 7 .0 1 ,5 0 2 .8 1 ,5 0 6 .0 1 ,4 9 9 .8 p r o d u c ts ..................................... 2 0 7 .4 2 0 0 .6 2 0 1 .0 2 0 0 .2 2 0 1 .0 1 9 8 .3 1 98 .3 1 97 .7 1 9 5 .9 1 97 .2 1 9 7 .8 1 97 .5 1 97 .6 1 9 7 .3 196.1 T e x tile m ills .................................. 2 9 0 .9 2 6 0 .3 2 5 1 .8 2 5 0 .2 2 4 7 .0 2 45 .1 2 4 1 .0 2 3 9 .2 2 3 7 .3 237.1 2 3 5 .8 2 36 .1 2 3 5 .0 2 3 6 .0 2 3 5 .7 B e v e r a g e s a n d to b a c c o T e x tile p ro d u c t m i l l s ................. 1 94 .6 1 7 9 .8 1 70 .7 1 73 .7 1 72 .6 1 75 .2 1 7 4 .3 1 76 .9 1 7 6 .6 1 79 .7 180.1 1 81 .4 1 7 9 .7 1 7 9 .0 1 78 .4 A p p a r e l......................................... 3 5 9 .7 3 1 2 .7 3 0 4 .0 2 9 9 .8 2 9 9 .7 2 9 7 .7 2 9 7 .7 296.1 297.1 2 9 4 .3 2 9 2 .7 2 9 0 .8 2 8 6 .8 2 8 4 .3 2 8 2 .4 L e a th e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts ..... 5 0 .2 4 5 .2 4 4 .3 4 4 .2 4 3 .7 44.1 4 4 .3 4 4 .6 4 4 .8 4 4 .8 4 4 .6 4 5.1 4 4 .7 4 5 .0 44.1 P a p e r a n d p a p e r p ro d u c ts ....... 5 4 6 .6 5 1 9 .0 515.1 5 1 3 .8 5 1 3 .3 5 1 1 .7 5 1 0 .3 5 0 9 .8 5 0 8 .0 5 0 8 .8 5 0 7 .0 508.1 5 0 6 .7 5 0 9 .8 5 1 1 .3 6 6 2 .3 P rin tin g a n d r e la te d s u p p o rt a c tiv itie s ..................................... 7 0 6 .6 6 8 0 .0 6 7 8 .8 6 7 6 .2 6 7 3 .3 673.1 670.1 6 6 7 .6 6 6 5 .0 6 6 4 .4 6 6 3 .6 6 6 5 .9 6 6 7 .0 6 6 4 .0 P e tro le u m a n d c o a l p ro d u c ts ... 118.1 1 14 .6 1 13 .8 1 12 .9 1 1 2 .6 1 1 2 .0 1 1 2 .4 1 1 4 .3 1 1 2 .9 113.1 1 1 2 .6 113.1 1 1 3 .8 1 1 3 .5 114.1 C h e m ic a ls ..................................... 9 2 7 .5 7 .9 9 0 5 .4 9 0 2 .7 899.1 8 9 7 .6 8 9 5 .9 8 9 3 .7 8 9 4 .7 8 9 4 .9 8 9 6 .4 8 9 5 .0 8 9 5 .2 8 9 4 .4 8 9 3 .4 P la s t ic s a n d ru b b e r p ro d u c ts .. 8 4 8 .0 8 1 5 .9 8 0 8 .8 8 0 8 .4 8 0 6 .3 8 0 6 .5 8 0 5 .8 8 0 4 .8 8 0 3 .9 8 0 6 .3 8 0 7 .5 8 1 0 .2 8 0 8 .6 811.1 8 0 8 .7 S E R V IC E -P R O V I D IN G ................... 1 0 7 ,7 8 4 1 0 8 ,1 1 4 1 0 8 ,0 7 7 1 0 8 ,1 5 9 1 0 8 ,2 7 0 108 ,3 41 1 0 8 ,3 6 7 1 0 8 ,4 9 8 1 0 8 ,5 9 3 1 0 8 ,8 5 2 1 0 9 ,1 3 2 1 0 9 ,2 6 8 1 0 9 ,3 6 7 1 0 9 ,4 2 5 1 0 9 ,5 3 3 86,2 7 1 8 6 ,5 3 8 8 2 ,4 9 7 8 6 ,6 2 0 8 6 ,7 1 0 8 6 ,7 9 7 8 6 ,8 2 3 8 6,9 7 1 8 7 ,0 5 4 8 7 ,2 9 9 8 7 ,5 6 0 8 7 ,7 2 4 8 7 ,8 3 9 8 7 ,8 8 4 8 7 ,9 6 8 PRIVA TE SER V IC E P R O V ID IN G ................................. T ra d e , tra n sp o rta tio n , a n d u tilitie s................................. 2 5 ,4 9 7 2 5 ,2 7 5 2 5 ,2 2 5 2 5 ,2 5 2 2 5 ,2 7 2 25,2 6 1 2 5 ,2 1 1 2 5 ,3 1 2 2 5 ,3 3 1 2 5 ,4 1 5 2 5 ,4 4 8 2 5 ,4 7 7 2 5 ,4 9 7 2 5 ,4 9 9 2 5 ,4 8 7 W h o le s a le tra d e ......................... 5 ,6 5 2 .3 5 ,6 0 5 .0 5 ,5 8 9 .0 5,585.1 5 ,5 8 1 .6 5 ,5 9 2 .7 5 ,5 9 8 .4 5 ,6 1 1 .4 5 ,6 1 2 .2 5 ,6 2 3 .5 5 ,6 3 2 .5 5 ,6 3 6 .7 5 ,6 3 9 .5 5 ,6 4 9 .3 5 ,6 5 1 .9 D u r a b le g o o d s ............................ 3 ,0 0 7 .9 2 ,9 4 9 .2 2 ,9 3 6 .2 2 ,93 2 .1 2 ,9 3 2 .0 2 ,9 4 3 .9 2 ,9 4 5 .8 2 ,9 5 4 .9 2 ,9 5 3 .8 2 ,9 6 3 .4 2 ,9 6 7 .5 2 ,9 6 9 .7 2 ,9 7 5 .6 2 ,98 8 .1 2 ,9 9 1 .7 N o n d u ra b le g o o d s .................... 2 ,0 1 5 .0 2,00 2 .1 1 ,9 9 7 .9 1 ,9 9 5 .9 1 ,9 9 2 .4 1 ,9 8 9 .2 1 ,9 9 1 .8 1 ,9 9 3 .7 1 ,9 9 4 .5 1 ,9 9 5 .3 1 ,9 9 6 .3 1 ,9 9 7 .2 1 ,9 9 4 .3 1 ,9 9 0 .2 1 ,9 8 9 .2 E le c tr o n ic m a r k e ts a n d a g e n ts a n d b r o k e r s ................. 6 2 9 .4 6 5 4 .3 6 5 1 .9 665 7.1 6 5 7 .2 6 5 9 .6 6 6 0 .8 6 6 2 .8 6 6 3 .9 6 6 4 .8 6 6 8 .7 6 6 9 .8 6 6 9 .6 6 7 1 .0 6 7 1 .0 Retail tra d e .................................. 1 5.025.1 1 4 .9 1 1 .5 1 4 .9 1 1 .6 1 4 .9 2 6 .8 14.9 4 8.1 1 4 .9 2 1 .7 1 4 .8 7 6 .0 1 4 .9 4 4 .8 1 4 .9 6 3 .0 1 5 .0 1 3 .0 1 5.0 3 7.1 1 5 .0 4 7 .6 1 5 .0 5 4 .9 1 5 .0 4 0 .8 1 5 .0 2 9 .5 1 ,8 7 9 .4 1 ,2 5 2 .8 1 ,8 8 3 .5 1,255.1 1 ,88 3 .5 1 ,2 5 7 .0 1 ,8 8 9 .8 1 ,2 5 9 .7 1 ,8 8 9 .7 1 ,2 5 9 .6 1 ,8 9 2 .9 1 ,2 5 8 .9 1 ,8 9 3 .7 1 ,2 5 9 .5 1 ,8 9 5 .4 1 ,2 6 1 .3 1 ,9 0 0 .9 1 ,2 6 2 .9 1 ,9 0 6 .9 1 ,2 6 3 .9 1 ,9 1 0 .9 1 ,2 6 4 .7 1 ,9 1 1 .4 1 ,2 6 3 .6 1 ,9 0 8 .5 1 ,2 6 2 .3 1 ,9 0 7 .8 1 ,2 6 0 .3 1 ,9 0 1 .7 1 ,2 5 6 .5 5 3 8 .7 5 4 2 .9 5 3 8 .0 5 3 9 .7 5 4 0 .2 5 4 4 .8 5 4 7 .2 5 4 6 .4 5 4 4 .5 5 4 4 .8 5 4 4 .5 5 4 5 .7 5 4 6 .3 5 4 7 .8 5 4 9 .4 5 2 5 .3 5 1 1 .9 5 0 7 .4 5 0 6 .7 5 0 6 .5 5 1 2 .8 5 1 1 .9 5 0 9 .3 5 0 8 .2 5 1 1 .7 514.1 5 1 2 .6 5 1 1 .5 5 0 9 .6 5 0 6 .8 M o to r v e h ic le s a n d p a rts d e a le r s '................................... A u to m o b ile d e a le r s .................. F u rn itu re a n d h o m e E le c tr o n ic s a n d a p p lia n c e s to r e s ........................................... S e e n o te s a t e n d o f ta b le . 72 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 12. Continued— Employment of workers on nonfarm payrolls by industry, monthly data seasonally adjusted [In thousands] Industry 2002 2003 2004 2003 Annual average Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July9 Aug.p B u ild in g m a te ria l a n d g a rd e n s u p p ly s to r e s ............................. 1 ,1 7 6 .5 1,191.1 1 ,19 4 .7 1 ,2 0 3 .4 1,20 4 .0 1 ,21 0 .0 1 ,20 9 .5 1,22 1 .4 1 ,23 1 .4 1,24 3 .5 1 ,2 4 7 .3 1 ,24 8 .7 1 ,2 4 5 .8 1 ,2 4 5 .7 1 ,2 4 8 .3 F o o d a n d b e v e ra g e s to re s ....... 2 ,8 8 1 .6 2 ,8 4 0 .9 2 ,8 3 3 .6 2 ,8 2 9 .4 2 ,8 3 8 .7 2 ,8 2 1 .4 2 ,8 1 3 .9 2 ,8 2 6 .3 2 ,8 3 1 .3 2 ,8 3 8 .9 2 ,8 3 9 .9 2 ,8 4 5 .3 2 ,8 3 9 .7 2 ,8 3 4 .8 2 ,8 3 1 .7 s to r e s ......................................... 9 3 8 .8 943.1 9 4 1 .0 943.1 9 4 8 .3 9 5 1 .6 9 5 2 .6 954.1 9 5 4 .9 9 58 .2 9 5 7 .9 957.1 9 5 7 .2 9 5 6 .7 9 5 7 .0 G a s o lin e s ta tio n s ........................ 8 9 5 .9 8 7 9 .9 8 8 1 .4 8 7 7 .9 8 7 3 .8 8 75 .2 871.1 875..1 8 7 1 .8 8 7 3 .0 8 7 2 .4 8 7 1 .6 8 7 0 .3 8 6 8 .2 8 6 8 .0 1 ,3 1 2 .5 1 ,29 6 .7 1 ,29 4 .8 1 ,2 9 5 .6 1,30 2 .6 1,297.1 1 ,30 1 .0 1,30 4 .3 1 ,3 1 1 .3 1 ,32 1 .8 1 ,3 2 8 .0 1 ,33 5 .5 1 ,3 4 6 .5 1 ,3 4 9 .4 1 ,3 5 0 .2 H e a lth a n d p e rs o n a l c a re C lo th in g a n d c lo th in g a c c e s s o r ie s s t o r e s ................. S p o rtin g g o o d s , h o b b y, b o o k , a n d m u sic s to r e s .......... 6 6 1 .3 6 4 5 .0 6 4 2 .5 6 4 2 .8 6 42 .0 6 4 1 .6 6 3 3 .2 6 3 5 .9 6 3 6 .8 6 3 6 .5 6 3 5 .8 636.1 6 3 5 .7 6 3 4 .6 6 3 3 .9 G e n e r a l m e rc h a n d is e s t o r e s l . 2 ,8 1 2 .0 2 ,8 1 5 .2 2 ,8 3 4 .9 2 ,8 3 9 .9 2 ,8 4 2 .9 2 ,8 2 6 .4 2 ,7 9 3 .4 2 ,8 2 2 .7 2 ,8 2 2 .5 2 ,8 2 4 .4 2 ,8 3 1 .0 2 ,8 3 0 .5 2 8 3 7 .4 2 8 3 1 .2 2 8 2 8 .9 D e p a rtm e n t s to re s .................. 1 ,6 1 0 .3 1 ,6 8 4 .0 1 ,61 8 .8 1 ,62 2 .3 1 ,62 3 .7 1 ,62 3 .5 1 ,61 2 .6 1 ,6 0 1 .3 1 ,60 3 .4 1 ,60 2 .7 1 ,60 4 .9 16.7 1 ,6 1 0 .9 1 ,6 1 4 .9 1 ,61 3 .5 M is c e lla n e o u s sto re re ta ile rs ... 9 5 9 .5 934.1 9 3 1 .9 9 3 1 .7 9 3 3 .5 9 3 0 .9 9 2 4 .4 9 2 9 .6 9 2 4 .6 9 2 6 .9 9 2 7 .9 9 2 5 .7 9 2 8 .4 9 2 7 .5 9 2 6 .9 N o n s to re re ta ile rs ...................... 4 4 3 .7 4 2 7 .5 4 2 7 .9 4 2 6 .8 4 2 5 .9 4 1 7 .3 424.1 4 2 4 .3 4 2 4 .8 4 2 7 .4 4 2 9 .8 4 2 7 .4 4 2 7 .6 4 2 7 .5 4 2 6 .7 4 ,2 2 3 .6 4 ,1 7 6 .7 4 ,1 4 8 .4 4 ,1 6 0 .8 4 ,1 6 2 .9 4 ,1 6 8 .0 4 ,1 5 7 .0 4 ,1 7 5 .9 4 ,1 7 5 .8 4 ,1 9 7 .0 4 ,1 9 6 .5 4 ,2 0 9 .9 4 2 2 0 .9 4 2 2 6 .8 4 2 2 5 .4 5 6 3 .5 5 2 7 .3 5 1 2 .4 5 1 1 .8 506.1 5 1 1 .5 5 1 2 .9 5 10 .2 5 1 1 .6 5 1 2 .9 5 1 3 .3 5 1 4 .7 5 1 3 .8 5 1 2 .3 5 1 0 .2 2 1 7 .3 Tran sp o rta tio n a nd w a re h o u s in g ............................ A ir tra n sp o rta tio n ........................ R a il tra n sp o rta tio n ..................... 2 1 7 .8 2 1 5 .4 2 1 3 .8 2 1 5 .6 2 15 .2 2 1 5 .5 2 1 5 .5 2 1 5 .4 2 1 5 .7 2 1 6 .0 2 1 6 .3 2 1 6 .4 2 1 7 .3 2 1 7 .7 5 0 .6 51.1 5 1 .7 5 1 .8 5 0 .8 W a te r tra n sp o rta tio n ................. 5 2 .6 5 2 .5 5 2 .9 5 1 .5 5 2 .5 5 0 .9 5 0 .0 5 0 .6 4 8 .8 4 9.2 T r u c k tra n sp o rta tio n .................. 1 ,33 9 .3 1 ,3 2 8 .0 1 ,32 9 .6 1 ,32 8 .7 1,32 9 .3 1 ,33 5 .7 1 ,33 8 .7 1,34 3 .6 1,344.1 1 ,34 6 .4 1 ,35 2 .2 1 ,35 3 .9 1 ,3 5 3 .9 1 ,3 5 9 .5 1 ,3 5 9 .5 tra n s p o rta tio n ............................ 3 8 0 .8 3 8 0 .3 3 7 1 .2 3 8 0 .7 3 89 .2 3 8 5 .7 3 8 5 .0 3 8 2 .3 380.1 3 8 0 .5 3 7 2 .3 3 8 1 .5 3 7 4 .6 3 7 3 .7 3 7 5 .5 P ip e lin e tra n s p o rta tio n .............. 4 1 .7 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .3 3 9.0 3 8.7 3 8 .8 3 8 .3 3 8.2 38.1 38.1 3 8 .3 3 8.4 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 2 5 .6 2 8 .0 2 8 .9 2 8 .9 2 9 .0 2 8 .7 2 9 .4 2 8 .7 2 9 .7 3 1 .4 31.1 3 0 .6 3 2 .6 3 3 .0 3 3 .3 T ra n s it a n d g ro u n d p a s s e n g e r S c e n ic a n d s ig h ts e e in g tra n s p o rta tio n ........................... S u p p o rt a c tiv itie s for tra n s p o rta tio n ........................... 5 2 4 .7 5 1 6 .3 5 1 2 .2 5 1 5 .4 5 1 4 .3 5 1 2 .4 5 1 1 .6 514.1 5 1 5 .5 5 1 8 .5 519.1 5 1 9 .5 5 2 0 .8 5 2 2 .6 5 2 1 .3 C o u r ie r s a n d m e s s e n g e r s ....... 5 6 0 .9 5 6 6 .6 5 6 6 .7 5 6 6 .5 5 65 .0 5 64 .7 5 5 9 .0 5 6 6 .9 5 6 7 .7 572.1 5 7 0 .9 5 7 2 .8 5 7 8 .2 5 7 9 .7 5 8 0 .9 W a r e h o u s in g a n d s to ra g e 5 1 6 .7 5 2 2 .3 5 21 .2 5 2 2 .4 5 2 2 .6 5 24 .2 516.1 5 2 5 .8 5 2 4 .4 5 3 1 .9 5 3 2 .6 531.1 5 3 4 .0 5 3 7 .3 538.1 5 9 6 .2 5 8 0 .8 5 7 8 .8 5 7 8 .9 5 79 .2 5 7 8 .9 5 7 9 .3 5 80 .2 5 8 0 .0 5 81 .2 582.1 5 8 2 .3 5 8 1 .7 5 8 1 .9 5 8 0 .2 3 ,3 9 5 3 ,1 9 8 3 ,1 7 4 3 ,1 7 5 3 ,1 6 6 3 ,1 7 2 3 ,1 7 5 3 ,1 6 3 3 ,1 6 9 3 ,1 6 9 3 ,1 7 3 3 ,1 7 7 3 ,1 8 2 3 ,1 7 6 3 ,1 6 6 964.1 9 2 6 .4 9 2 2 .0 9 1 9 .3 9 1 8 .0 9 1 8 .4 9 1 7 .4 9 1 4 .0 915.1 9 1 5 .3 9 1 6 .3 9 1 6 .2 9 1 6 .6 9 1 4 .3 9 1 3 .0 U tilities.......................................... P u b lis h in g in d u strie s , e x c e p t In tern e t....................................... M o tio n p ic tu re a n d s o u n d re c o rd in g in d u s trie s ................. 3 8 7 .9 376.1 3 6 9 .9 3 7 5 .4 3 73 .4 3 8 2 .7 3 8 5 .2 3 7 9 .7 3 8 2 .7 3 81 .2 3 8 5 .7 3 9 0 .8 3 9 4 .9 3 9 3 .5 3 8 9 .3 B ro a d c a s tin g , e x c e p t Internet.. 334.1 3 2 7 .0 3 2 5 .5 3 2 7 .6 3 2 6 .0 3 2 7 .0 3 2 9 .5 3 2 9 .7 3 3 1 .8 3 3 3 .0 3 3 3 .3 3 35 .4 3 3 5 .5 3 3 6 .0 3 3 6 .0 3 2 .5 3 2 .5 3 3 .6 3 3 .6 3 4 .0 Internet p u b lis h in g a n d b ro a d c a s tin g ............................. 3 3 .7 3 0 .0 3 0 .0 30.1 2 9 .9 3 0 .4 3 0 .4 3 0.8 3 1 .9 3 1 .9 T e le c o m m u n ic a tio n s ................. 1 ,18 6 .5 1 ,0 8 2 .6 1 ,07 1 .3 1 ,0 6 9 .4 1,06 5 .2 1 ,06 2 .2 1 ,06 1 .2 1 ,06 1 .3 1,05 8 .2 1,05 5 .0 1 ,0 5 1 .9 1 ,04 7 .3 1 ,0 4 4 .8 1 ,04 2 .6 1,038.1 405.1 IS P s , s e a r c h p o rta ls, a n d d a ta p r o c e s s in g ...................... 4 4 1 .0 4 0 7 .5 4 0 7 .6 4 0 5 .4 4 0 4 .8 4 0 2 .6 4 0 2 .6 400.1 401.1 4 0 3 .7 4 0 4 .0 405.1 4 0 6 .5 4 0 5 .7 O th e r in fo rm atio n s e r v ic e s ...... 4 7 .3 48.1 4 7 .8 4 8 .0 4 8 .3 4 8.2 4 8 .2 4 7 .8 4 8 .0 4 8 .6 4 9 .6 4 9 .6 5 0 .0 4 9 .8 5 0 .3 F in a n cia l a c tiv itie s ....................... 7 ,8 4 7 7 ,9 7 4 7 ,9 9 6 8 ,0 0 4 7 ,9 9 0 7 ,9 8 5 7,981 7,981 7 ,9 8 9 8 ,0 0 3 8 ,0 1 5 8 ,0 2 9 8 ,0 4 9 8 ,0 3 9 8 ,0 5 7 F in a n c e a n d in s u r a n c e ............... 5 ,8 1 7 .3 5 ,9 2 0 .5 5 ,9 3 6 .8 5 ,9 4 5 .6 5 ,9 3 0 .2 5 ,9 2 2 .7 5 ,9 1 6 .5 5,917.1 5 ,9 2 4 .7 5 ,9 3 3 .0 5 ,9 4 7 .7 5 ,9 4 6 .0 5 ,9 6 0 .4 5 ,9 4 8 .8 5 ,9 5 7 .3 2 3 .4 2 2 .7 2 2 .6 2 2 .6 2 2 .5 2 2 .5 2 2 .5 2 2 .4 2 2 .4 2 2 .3 2 2 .3 2 1 .8 2 1 .9 2 1 .7 2 1 .8 2 ,6 8 6 .0 2 ,7 8 5 .6 2 ,8 0 6 .0 2,808.1 2 ,8 0 1 .0 2 ,7 9 0 .3 2 ,7 8 3 .3 2 ,7 8 5 .3 2 ,7 8 7 .2 2 ,7 9 3 .8 2,802.1 2 ,8 0 0 .8 2 ,8 0 9 .9 2 ,8 0 2 .3 2 ,8 0 3 .6 M o n e ta ry a u th o ritie s — c e n tra l b a n k ............................. C r e d it in te rm e d ia tio n a n d D e p o s ito ry c re d it 1,73 3 .0 1,752.1 1 ,75 6 .0 1 ,75 7 .9 1,760.1 1,758.1 1,757.1 1 ,75 8 .7 1 ,7 6 2 .6 1 ,76 2 .8 1 ,7 6 5 .0 1 ,76 5 .2 1 ,7 6 8 .8 1 ,76 6 .3 1 ,7 6 6 .0 C o m m e r c ia l b a n k in a ............ S e c u ritie s , c o m m o d ity 1.278.1 1.281.1 1 .28 3 .9 1 .28 3 .6 1.28 4 .4 1 .28 0 .5 1 .2 7 8 .9 1 ,28 0 .4 1 .28 3 .5 1.284.1 1 .2 8 5 .0 1 .28 4 .2 1 ,28 5 .9 1 .28 3 .4 1 ,2 8 1 .7 c o n tra c ts, in v e s tm e n ts ........... 7 8 9 .4 7 6 4 .4 7 58 .7 7 6 1 .7 7 6 2 .0 769.1 7 7 1 .9 7 7 3 .8 7 7 8 .2 7 8 0 .8 7 8 1 .0 7 8 2 .8 7 87 .2 7 87 .2 791.1 2 ,2 3 3 .2 2,266.1 2 ,2 6 8 .7 2 ,2 7 1 .9 2 ,2 6 4 .7 2 ,2 6 1 .2 2,258.1 2 ,2 5 5 .8 2 ,2 5 7 .4 2,257.1 2 ,2 5 9 .5 2 ,2 6 2 .7 2 ,2 6 3 .8 2 ,2 5 9 .5 2 ,2 6 2 .6 8 5.4 8 1 .7 8 0 .8 8 1.3 8 0 .0 7 9 .6 8 0 .7 7 9 .8 7 9 .5 7 9 .0 7 8.8 7 7.9 7 7 .6 78.1 7 8.2 2 .0 2 9 .8 2 ,0 5 3 .6 2 ,0 5 8 .8 2 ,0 5 7 .9 2 ,0 6 0 .2 2 ,0 6 2 .7 2 ,0 6 4 .0 2 ,0 6 3 .6 2 ,0 6 4 .5 2 ,0 6 9 .5 2 ,0 7 1 .6 2,083.1 2,088.1 2 ,0 9 0 .6 2,10 0 .1 1 .35 2 .9 1 ,38 4 .4 1,38 6 .6 1 ,38 8 .8 1,39 0 .6 1 ,39 4 .5 1 ,39 5 .7 1,39 7 .7 1,40 0 .2 1 ,40 5 .8 1 ,40 9 .2 1 ,41 8 .7 1 ,41 8 .8 1 ,42 0 .9 1 ,4 2 3 .5 6 3 3 .2 6 3 5 .4 6 4 0 .5 6 4 1 .3 6 4 8 .6 In s u ra n c e c a r r ie r s a n d F u n d s , tru sts, a n d o th er R e a l e s ta te a n d re ntal R e n ta l a n d le a s in g s e r v ic e s ... 649.1 6 4 0 .8 6 4 3 .4 6 3 9 .8 6 3 9 .9 6 3 9 .0 6 3 8 .3 6 3 6 .0 6 3 4 .2 634.1 2 7 .6 2 8 .4 2 8 .8 2 9 .3 2 9 .7 2 9 .2 3 0 .0 2 9 .9 30.1 2 9 .6 2 9.2 2 9 .0 2 8 .8 2 8 .4 2 8 .0 1 5 ,9 7 6 1 5 ,9 9 9 1 5 ,9 9 8 16,051 1 6 ,0 7 0 1 6 ,1 1 4 1 6 ,1 5 9 1 6 ,1 7 2 1 6 ,1 9 6 1 6 ,2 3 7 1 6 ,3 6 3 16,4 3 2 1 6 ,4 5 7 1 6 ,5 0 4 1 6 ,5 3 6 6 ,6 7 5 .6 6 ,6 2 3 .5 6,578.1 6 ,6 0 6 .3 6,624.1 6 ,6 4 7 .9 6 ,6 6 9 .3 6 ,6 5 7 .9 6,658.1 6 ,6 7 9 .8 6 ,7 0 1 .4 6,708.1 6 ,7 3 2 .6 6 ,7 4 2 .3 6,764.1 1 ,1 1 5 .3 1 ,13 6 .8 1,133.5 1 ,13 6 .6 1,140.4 1,142.5 1 ,14 0 .5 1 ,13 8 .7 1,13 9 .2 1,138.4 1 ,14 1 .9 1 ,14 3 .3 1 ,1 4 6 .3 1 ,1 4 7 .8 1,147.1 8 1 7 .0 1 ,26 7 .2 L e s s o r s o f n o n fin a n d a l P ro fe s sio n a l a n d b u s in e s s P ro fe s s io n a l a n d te c h n ic a l A c c o u n tin g a n d b o o k k e e p in g 8 3 7 .3 8 1 5 .6 8 0 0 .7 8 0 2 .5 8 0 1 .5 8 1 0 .6 8 2 6 .6 8 1 5 .2 8 1 3 .3 8 1 2 .8 8 1 8 .5 8 0 6 .3 8 1 1 .6 8 1 3 .7 1,246.1 1 ,2 2 8 .0 1 ,22 2 .0 1,230.1 1,23 0 .9 1 ,2 3 3 .9 1 ,23 5 .2 1 ,23 0 .9 1 ,2 4 0 .0 1 ,24 6 .4 1,254.1 1 ,25 8 .3 1 ,2 6 1 .9 1 ,2 6 3 .7 A rc h ite c tu ra l a n d e n g in e e rin g s e r v ic e s ................................... S e e n o te s a t e n d of ta b le . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 73 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 12. Continued—Employment of workers on nonfarm payrolls by industry, monthly data seasonally adjusted [In thousands]_____________________ Industry Annual average 2003 2004 Aug Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July13 1 ,15 2 .8 1 ,1 0 8 .3 1 ,09 4 .5 1 ,1 0 3 .3 1 ,10 7 .0 1 ,10 5 .7 1 ,1 0 5 .7 1 ,10 4 .6 1 ,0 9 9 .8 1 ,10 3 .5 1 ,1 0 3 .5 1,110.1 1 ,1 1 7 .7 1 ,12 1 .5 1 ,1 3 0 .9 7 3 4 .4 7 4 7 .3 7 4 4 .2 7 4 9 .3 7 5 5 .6 7 6 0 .6 7 6 4 .0 7 6 5 .4 7 6 7 .9 7 74 .0 7 8 0 .9 7 8 5 .9 7 9 1 .4 7 9 2 .3 796.1 1 ,7 0 5 .4 1 ,6 7 5 .5 1 ,6 7 1 .4 1 ,6 7 1 .7 1,669.1 1 ,6 7 1 .6 1 ,67 0 .2 1,675.1 1 ,6 7 5 .6 1 ,6 7 6 .6 1 ,6 7 9 .7 1 ,68 3 .3 1 ,6 8 4 .5 1 ,68 6 .3 1 ,6 7 8 .6 7 ,5 9 5 .2 7 ,6 9 8 .3 7,748.1 7,773.1 7 ,7 7 6 .3 7 ,7 9 4 .5 7 ,8 1 9 .2 7 ,8 3 8 .5 7 ,8 6 2 .4 7,880.1 7 ,9 8 2 .3 8,040.1 8 ,0 4 0 .0 8 ,0 7 5 .0 8 ,0 9 3 .7 s e r v ic e s 1................................. 7 ,2 7 6 .8 7 3 ,7 6 4 .0 7 ,4 2 7 .0 7 ,4 5 1 .6 7 ,4 5 6 .0 7 ,4 7 3 .7 7 ,4 9 6 .3 7 ,5 1 7 .5 7 ,5 3 9 .6 7 ,5 5 6 .8 7 ,6 5 7 .0 7 ,7 1 5 .6 7 ,7 1 3 .0 7 ,7 4 7 .9 7 ,7 6 6 .0 E m p lo y m e n t s e r v ic e s 1.......... 3 ,2 4 6 .5 3 ,3 3 6 .2 3 ,3 6 6 .2 3,389.1 3 ,4 0 2 .0 3 ,4 2 7 .6 3 ,4 6 1 .3 3 ,4 7 3 .8 3 ,4 9 3 .8 3 ,4 9 2 .3 3 ,5 5 3 .7 3 ,5 9 1 .5 3 ,5 7 3 .4 3 ,6 0 7 .4 3 ,6 1 6 .4 T e m p o ra ry h e b s e r v ic e s .... 2 .1 9 3 .7 2 .2 4 3 .2 2 .2 6 2 .3 2 .2 8 7 .2 2 .2 9 1 .7 2 .3 1 9 .4 2 ,3 5 5 .3 2 .3 4 4 .3 2 .3 7 0 .4 2 .3 8 0 .3 2 .4 2 3 .8 2 .4 5 1 .7 2 .4 4 9 .4 2 .4 5 3 .9 2 .4 6 3 .7 B u s in e s s suD D ort s e r v ic e s .... 7 5 6 .6 7 4 7 .4 7 4 8 .7 7 5 3 .2 7 5 3 .2 7 4 6 .7 745.1 7 3 9 .0 7 3 9 .8 7 4 6 .0 7 4 8 .6 7 51 .2 7 5 4 .0 751.1 7 5 0 .2 a n d d w e llin a s ......................... W a ste m anagem ent and 1.606.1 1 .6 3 1 .7 1 .6 4 8 .4 1 .6 4 5 .2 1 .63 9 .6 1 .63 9 .4 1 .6 3 5 .9 1.637.1 1 .6 3 9 .5 1.64 6 .2 1 .6 7 4 .5 1 .68 6 .0 1.694.1 1 .6 9 4 .3 1 .6 9 6 .6 re m e d ia tio n s e r v ic e s .............. 3 1 8 .3 3 2 1 .9 321.1 3 2 1 .5 3 2 0 .3 3 2 0 .8 3 2 2 .9 321 3 2 2 .8 3 2 3 .3 3 2 5 .3 3 2 4 .5 327 327.1 3 2 7 .7 5 Q. 2003 < 2002 C o m p u te r s y s te m s d e s ig n a n d re la te d s e r v ic e s ............. M a n a g e m e n t a n d te c h n ic a l co n s u ltin g s e r v ic e s .............. M a n a g e m e n t o f c o m p a n ie s a n d e n te r p r is e s ......................... A d m in is tra tiv e a n d w a s te s e r v ic e s ....................................... A d m in is tra tiv e a n d suddoiI S e r v ic e s to b u ild in a s E d u c a tio n a l a n d health s e r v ic e s ....................................... 1 6 ,1 9 9 1 6 ,5 7 7 16,591 1 6 ,6 7 2 1 6 ,6 7 8 1 6 ,7 0 5 16,731 1 6 ,7 4 6 1 6 ,7 6 4 1 6 ,8 1 3 1 6 ,8 5 4 16,871 1 6 ,8 9 7 1 6 ,9 1 3 1 6 ,9 5 8 2 ,6 4 2 .8 2 ,6 8 8 .5 2 ,6 7 3 .9 2,68 9 .1 2 ,7 0 7 .7 2,72 3 .1 2 ,7 2 8 .0 2 ,7 2 9 .3 2 ,7 2 7 .4 2 ,7 3 6 .0 2 ,7 4 0 .8 2,73 1 .1 2 ,7 2 7 .4 2 ,7 3 1 .8 2 ,7 3 4 .4 1 3 ,5 5 5 .7 1 3,8 8 8 .0 1 3,9 1 6 .8 1 3 ,9 3 3 .3 1 3,9 7 0 .0 1 3 ,9 8 1 .5 1 4,0 0 3 .2 14,017.1 1 4 ,0 3 6 .8 14,077.1 14,113.1 14,140.1 1 4 ,1 6 9 .8 1 4 ,1 8 1 .0 1 4 ,2 2 3 .4 4 ,6 3 3 .2 4 ,7 7 6 .0 4 ,7 9 1 .9 4 ,7 9 2 .8 4 ,8 1 2 .8 4 ,8 1 8 .7 4 ,8 3 1 .0 4 ,8 4 0 .3 4 ,8 5 5 .3 4 ,8 6 8 .0 4 ,8 8 3 .6 4 ,8 9 6 .8 4 ,9 0 9 .6 4 ,9 2 2 .8 4 ,9 3 4 .2 1 ,96 7 .8 2 ,0 0 3 .8 2,007.1 2 ,0 0 8 .2 2 ,0 1 8 .5 2 ,0 2 3 .3 2 ,0 3 0 .0 2 ,0 3 2 .3 2 ,0 3 4 .4 2 ,0 4 3 .5 2,046.1 2 ,0 4 9 .6 2 ,0 5 3 .9 2 ,0 5 6 .4 2 ,05 9 .1 4 1 3 .0 423.1 4 2 3 .5 4 2 2 .9 4 2 3 .3 4 2 6 .4 4 2 5 .0 4 2 7 .8 431.1 4 3 0 .3 4 3 2 .2 4 3 9 .2 E d u c a tio n a l s e r v ic e s ................... H e a lth c a r e a n d s o c ia l a s s is t a n c e .................................... A m b u la to ry h e a lth c a re s e r v ic e s 1................................. O ffic e s o f p h y s ic ia n s .............. O u tp a tie n t c a re c e n te r s .......... H o m e h e a lth c a r e s e r v ic e s .... H o s p ita ls ..................................... 435.1 4 3 6 .0 4 3 8 .2 6 7 9 .8 727.1 7 3 3 .7 7 3 2 .8 7 3 7 .7 7 3 5 .7 7 3 9 .9 7 4 0 .2 7 4 1 .5 7 4 3 .8 7 4 8 .4 7 5 1 .7 7 5 4 .2 7 5 7 .9 7 6 0 .0 4 ,1 5 9 .6 4 ,2 5 2 .5 4 ,2 6 0 .2 4 ,2 6 4 .4 4 ,2 6 8 .9 4,278.1 4 ,2 8 3 .9 4 ,2 8 7 .8 4,28 4 .1 4 ,2 9 8 .0 4,305.1 4 ,3 1 5 .4 4 ,3 1 8 .3 4 ,3 2 3 .4 4 ,3 3 1 .4 2 ,8 1 6 .2 N u rs in a a n d re sid e n tia l 1 2 ,7 4 3 .3 2 ,7 8 4 .3 2 ,7 8 7 .7 2 ,7 8 9 .3 2 ,7 9 4 .2 2 ,7 9 2 .8 2 ,7 9 3 .0 2,792.1 2,791.1 2 ,7 9 8 .4 2 ,8 0 2 .8 2 ,8 0 6 .3 2 ,8 0 9 .0 2 ,8 1 2 .8 N u rs in a c a r e fa c ilitie s .............. 1 .57 3 .2 1 .5 8 2 .8 1 .58 0 .5 1.583.1 1 .58 5 .2 1.584.1 1 .5 8 1 .7 1 .58 0 .3 1 .5 7 8 .7 1.582.1 1 .58 4 .0 1 .58 5 .3 1 .5 8 6 .5 1 .5 8 7 .6 1 .5 8 8 .8 S o c ia l a s s is t a n c e 1...................... C h ild d a y c a r e s e r v ic e s .......... 2 ,0 1 9 .7 2 ,0 7 5 .2 2 ,0 8 0 .0 2 ,0 8 6 .8 2,094.1 2 ,0 9 1 .9 2 ,0 9 5 .3 2 ,0 9 6 .9 2 ,1 0 6 .3 2 ,1 1 2 .7 2 ,1 2 1 .6 2 ,1 2 1 .6 2 ,1 3 2 .9 2 ,1 2 2 .0 2 ,1 4 1 .6 744.1 7 6 0 .5 7 6 4 .5 7 6 5 .8 7 7 1 .6 7 6 6 .3 770 7 6 6 .3 7 7 2 .2 7 7 3 .7 7 7 7 .6 777.1 786 7 9 0 .3 7 9 4 .9 1 1,9 8 6 1 2 ,1 2 8 1 2,1 1 7 1 2 ,1 2 6 1 2 ,1 4 7 1 2 ,1 7 8 1 2 ,1 9 2 1 2 ,2 1 8 1 2 ,2 2 9 12,271 1 2 ,3 0 3 12,331 1 2 ,3 3 9 1 2 ,3 4 0 1 2 ,3 4 6 1 ,7 8 2 .6 1 ,80 1 .0 1 ,79 5 .0 1 ,79 4 .4 1 ,79 6 .9 1 ,7 9 9 .4 1 ,79 5 .2 1 ,80 1 .4 1 ,79 6 .7 1 ,79 8 .7 1,791.1 1,793.1 1 ,7 9 2 .0 1,786.1 1 ,7 8 7 .3 3 6 3 .7 3 7 0 .2 3 6 6 .7 3 7 2 .0 3 6 9 .6 3 7 1 .7 3 6 8 .8 3 6 9 .4 3 6 6 .5 3 6 4 .6 3 6 1 .4 3 5 8 .8 3 5 9 .3 3 5 3 .8 3 5 3 .6 1 14 .0 114.1 1 14 .5 1 13 .4 1 14 .2 113 .3 113.1 1 13 .4 1 13 .7 114 .2 1 14 .6 1 15 .6 116.1 117 .0 1 17 .6 1 ,30 5 .0 1 ,3 1 6 .6 1 ,31 3 .8 1 ,30 9 .0 1,313.1 1 ,3 1 4 .4 1 ,3 1 3 .3 1 ,3 1 8 .6 1 ,3 1 6 .5 1 ,31 9 .9 1,315.1 1 ,3 1 8 .7 1 ,3 1 6 .6 1 ,3 1 5 .3 1,316.1 fo o d s e r v ic e s ............................... 1 0,2 0 3 .2 1 0 ,3 2 4 .4 1 0 ,3 2 1 .8 1 0 ,3 3 1 .7 1 0,3 5 0 .4 1 0 ,3 7 8 .9 1 0 ,3 9 6 .3 1 0 ,4 1 6 .5 1 0 ,4 3 2 .3 1 0,7 4 2 .0 1 0 ,5 1 1 .8 1 0 5 ,8 3 7 .9 1 0 ,5 4 6 .7 1 0 ,5 5 4 .3 1 0 ,5 5 8 .8 A c c o m m o d a tio n s ........................ 1 ,77 8 .6 1 ,76 5 .2 1 ,75 5 .0 1,739.1 1 ,73 3 .7 1 ,7 5 1 .7 1 ,76 3 .0 1,752.1 1 ,75 4 .4 1 ,7 5 3 .4 1 ,7 5 8 .5 1 ,75 8 .5 1 ,7 6 4 .7 1 ,7 6 2 .3 1 ,7 6 3 .4 8 ,4 2 4 .6 8 ,5 5 9 .2 8 ,5 6 6 .8 8 ,5 9 2 .6 8 ,6 1 6 .7 8 ,6 2 7 .2 8 ,6 3 3 .3 8 ,6 6 4 .4 8 ,6 7 7 .9 8 ,7 1 8 .6 8 ,7 5 3 .3 8 ,7 7 9 .4 8 ,7 8 2 .0 8 ,7 9 2 .0 8 ,7 9 5 .4 rarp farilitips L e isu re a n d h o sp ita lity ............. A rts, e n te rta in m e n t, a n d re c re a tio n ............................. P e rfo rm in g a rts a n d s p e c ta to r s p o r t s ....................... M u s e u m s , h isto ric a l site s, z o o s , a n d p a r k s ........................ A m u s e m e n ts , g a m b lin g , a n d re c re a tio n ................................... A c c o m m o d a tio n s a n d F o o d s e r v ic e s a n d d rin k in g p la c e s ......................................... O th er s e r v ic e s ............................... 5 ,3 7 2 5 ,3 9 3 5 ,3 9 6 5 ,3 9 0 5 ,3 8 7 5 ,3 8 2 5 ,3 7 4 5 ,3 7 9 5 ,3 7 6 5,391 5 ,4 0 4 5 ,4 0 7 5 ,4 1 8 5 ,4 1 3 5 ,4 1 8 R e p a ir a n d m a in te n a n c e .......... 1 ,24 6 .9 1 ,2 3 6 .2 1 ,2 4 2 .4 1 ,24 0 .4 1 ,23 7 .6 1 ,23 4 .4 1 ,2 2 8 .5 1 ,23 3 .5 1 ,2 3 0 .5 1 ,2 3 9 .4 1 ,23 8 .2 1 ,23 7 .7 1,235.1 1 ,2 3 4 .8 1 ,2 3 2 .7 P e r s o n a l a n d la u n d ry s e r v ic e s 1 ,25 7 .2 1 ,25 8 .2 1 ,2 5 7 .3 1 ,2 5 2 .7 1 ,25 4 .6 1,254.1 1 ,25 0 .2 1 ,25 1 .2 1 ,24 7 .6 1 ,25 5 .9 1 ,2 6 0 .5 1 ,2 6 5 .5 1 ,2 6 8 .4 1 ,2 6 4 .5 1 ,2 6 7 .0 M e m b e rs h ip a s s o c ia tio n s a n d o r g a n iz a tio n s ............................ 2 ,8 6 7 .8 2 ,8 9 8 .0 2 ,8 9 5 .9 2 ,8 9 6 .5 2 ,8 9 5 .2 2 ,8 9 3 .9 2 ,8 9 5 .7 2 ,8 9 4 .5 2 ,8 9 8 .3 2 ,8 9 5 .2 2 ,9 0 4 .8 2 ,9 0 3 .7 2 ,9 1 4 .9 2 ,9 1 3 .6 2 ,9 1 8 .0 G o v e rn m e n t.................................... 2 1 ,5 1 3 2 1 ,5 7 5 2 1 ,5 8 0 2 1 ,5 3 9 2 1 ,5 6 0 2 1 ,5 4 4 2 1 ,5 4 4 2 1 ,5 2 7 2 1 ,5 3 9 2 1 ,5 5 3 2 1 ,5 7 2 2 1 ,5 4 4 2 1 ,5 2 8 21,5 4 1 2 1 ,5 6 5 F e d e r a l............................................ 2 ,7 6 7 2 ,7 5 6 2 ,7 5 0 2 ,7 4 7 2 ,7 3 6 2 ,7 2 3 2 ,7 2 0 2 ,7 1 5 2 ,7 1 6 2 ,7 1 0 2 ,7 2 7 2 ,7 1 2 2 ,7 1 6 2 ,7 1 2 2 ,7 1 8 1 ,92 3 .8 1 ,94 7 .0 1 ,94 2 .2 1,942.1 1 ,93 2 .9 1 ,9 2 4 .9 1 ,92 8 .9 1 ,92 1 .5 1 ,92 3 .8 1,921.1 1 ,9 3 9 .5 1 ,92 5 .7 1 ,9 3 0 .5 1 ,9 2 5 .6 1 ,9 3 3 .6 F e d e ra l, e x c e p t U .S . P o s ta l S e r v ic e ....................................... U .S . P o s ta l S e r v ic e ..................... S ta te .............................................. 8 4 2 .4 809.1 8 0 8 .0 8 0 4 .8 8 0 3 .3 798.1 7 9 1 .4 793.1 7 9 1 .7 789.1 7 8 7 .3 7 8 6 .5 7 8 5 .4 7 8 6 .8 7 8 4 .0 5 ,0 2 9 5 ,0 1 7 4 ,9 9 7 5 ,0 1 9 5,031 5 ,0 2 3 5 ,0 2 7 5 ,0 0 7 5 ,0 1 8 5 ,0 2 3 5 ,0 1 9 5 ,0 0 4 5 ,0 0 4 5,021 5 ,0 3 0 E d u c a tio n ................................... 2 ,2 4 2 .8 2 ,2 6 6 .4 2 ,2 5 8 .7 2 ,2 7 8 .8 2 ,2 9 0 .4 2 ,2 8 2 .5 2 ,2 8 5 .7 2 ,2 6 8 .0 2 ,2 7 9 .6 2 ,2 8 3 .2 2 ,2 7 8 .3 2 ,2 6 1 .4 2 ,2 5 7 .8 2 ,2 7 1 .2 2 ,2 7 5 .3 O th e r S ta te g o v e rn m e n t........ 2 ,7 8 6 .3 2 ,7 5 0 .7 2 ,7 3 8 .2 2 ,7 4 0 .4 2 ,7 4 0 .4 2 ,7 4 0 .0 2 ,7 4 0 .9 2 ,7 3 8 .9 2 ,7 3 8 .4 2 ,7 3 9 .7 2 ,7 4 0 .6 2 ,7 4 2 .8 2,74 6 .1 2 ,7 4 9 .5 2 ,7 5 4 .2 L o c a l.............................................. 1 3 ,7 1 8 1 3 ,8 0 2 1 3 ,8 3 3 1 3 ,7 7 3 1 3 ,7 9 3 1 3 ,7 9 8 1 3 ,7 9 7 1 3 ,8 0 5 1 3 ,8 0 5 1 3 ,8 2 0 1 3 ,8 2 6 1 3,8 2 8 1 3 ,8 0 8 1 3 ,8 0 8 1 3 ,8 1 7 E d u c a tio n ................................... 7 ,6 5 4 .4 7,699.1 7 ,7 4 2 .4 7 ,6 7 3 .9 7 ,6 8 7 .0 7 ,6 8 4 .5 7,687.1 7 ,6 9 2 .2 7 ,6 9 4 .3 7 ,7 0 4 .7 7 ,7 1 0 .9 7 ,7 1 0 .2 7,695.1 7 ,6 9 3 .0 7,697.1 O th e r lo c a l g o v e rn m e n t.......... 6 ,0 6 3 .2 6 ,1 0 4 .0 6,090.1 6 ,0 9 9 .3 6 ,1 0 5 .9 6,113.1 6 ,1 0 9 .7 6 ,1 1 2 .7 6 ,1 1 0 .8 6 ,1 1 4 .8 6 ,1 1 5 .4 6 ,1 1 7 .9 6 ,1 1 3 .3 6,115.1 6 ,1 1 9 .4 In c lu d e s o th e r in d u strie s n o t s h o w n s e p a ra te ly , C la s s ific a tio n S y s te m (NAICS), re p la c in g th e S ta n d a rd In d ustrial C la s s ific a tio n (SIC) s y s te m . p = p re lim in a ry . N A ic s - b a s e d d a ta b y in d u stry a r e not c o m p a ra b le w ith S ic - b a s e d d a ta . S e e "N o te s o n th e NOTE: D a ta re fle c t th e c o n v e rs io n to th e 2 0 0 2 v e rs io n o f th e N o rth A m e ric a n in d u stry 74 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 d a ta " fo r a d e s c rip tio n of th e m o s t re c e n t b e n c h m a rk re v is io n . 13. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls, by industry, monthly data seasonally adjusted Industry T O T A L P R I V A T E ........................................ 2002 3 3 .9 2003 3 3 .7 2004 2003 Annual average Aug. 3 3 .6 Sept. 3 3 .6 Oct. 3 3 .7 Nov. 3 3 .8 Dec. 3 3 .6 Jan. 3 3 .8 Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 3 3 .8 3 3 .8 3 3 .7 3 3 .8 3 3 .6 3 3 .8 3 3 .8 4 0 .1 4 4 .2 Julyp Aug.p G O O D S - P R O D U C I N G ..................................... 3 9 .9 3 9 .8 3 9 .7 3 9 .8 3 9 .9 4 0.1 3 9 .9 4 0 .2 4 0 .3 4 0 .2 4 0 .0 4 0 .3 4 0 .0 4 0 .2 N a tu ra l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g ................. 4 3 .2 4 3 .6 4 3 .6 4 3 .6 4 3 .7 4 3 .9 4 3 .6 4 4 .5 4 4.1 4 4 .2 4 4 .3 4 4 .2 4 3 .9 4 4.1 C o n s t r u c t io n ................................................... 3 8 .4 3 8 .4 3 8 .5 3 8 .4 3 8 .4 3 8 .5 38.1 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 3 8 .6 3 8 .2 3 8 .3 3 8.1 3 8 .4 3 8.1 M a n u fa c t u r in g ................................................. 4 0 .5 4 0 .4 4 0 .2 4 0 .4 4 0 .5 4 0 .8 4 0 .6 4 1 .0 4 1 .0 4 0 .9 4 0 .7 4 1.1 4 0 .8 4 0 .9 4 0 .9 O v e r t im e h o u r s ........................................ 4 .2 4 .2 4.1 4 .2 4 .3 4 .5 4 .5 4 .5 4 .6 4 .6 4 .5 4 .6 4 .6 4 .6 4 .6 D u r a b le g o o d s ............................................... 4 0 .8 4 0 .8 4 0 .5 4 0 .8 4 0 .9 4 1 .3 4 1 .2 4 1 .5 4 1 .5 4 1 .4 4 1 .2 4 1 .6 4 1 .2 4 1 .4 4 1 .4 O v e r t im e h o u r s ........................................ 4 .2 4 .3 4 .2 4 .3 4 .4 4 .7 4 .7 4 .7 4 .8 4 .8 4 .7 4 .8 4 .7 4 .7 4 .7 W o o d p r o d u c t s ............................................ 3 9 .9 4 0 .4 4 0 .4 4 0 .4 4 0 .6 4 1 .2 4 1 .0 4 0 .9 4 1.1 4 1 .0 4 1 .0 4 1 .4 4 0 .5 4 0 .8 4 0 .9 N o n m e t a llic m in e r a l p r o d u c t s ................ 4 2 .0 4 2 .2 4 2.1 4 1 .9 4 2.1 4 2 .4 4 2 .3 4 2 .5 4 2 .5 4 2 .9 4 2 .3 4 2 .0 4 1 .8 4 2 .1 4 2 .2 P r im a r y m e t a ls ............................................ 4 2 .4 4 2 .3 4 1 .9 4 2 .2 4 2 .3 4 2 .7 4 2 .7 4 3.1 4 3 .0 4 3 .2 4 3.1 4 3 .4 4 3 .5 4 3 .5 4 3 .6 F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c t s ..................... 4 0 .6 4 0 .7 4 0 .5 4 0 .7 4 0 .8 4 0 .9 4 0 .8 4 1 .2 4 1 .2 4 1 .1 4 1 .0 4 1 .3 4 1 .0 4 1 .2 41.1 M a c h in e r y .................................................... 4 0 .5 4 0 .8 4 0 .7 4 1 .0 4 0 .9 4 1.1 4 1.1 4 1 .8 4 1 .8 4 1 .7 4 1 .6 4 2 .3 4 2 .0 4 2 .2 4 2 .0 C o m p u t e r a n d e le c t r o n ic p r o d u c t s ...... 3 9 .7 4 0 .4 4 1 .0 4 0 .6 4 0 .7 4 0 .7 4 0 .4 4 0 .8 4 1 .2 4 0 .7 4 0 .5 4 0 .8 4 0 .5 4 0 .9 4 0 .9 E le c t r ic a l e q u ip m e n t a n d a p p lia n c e s . . 4 0.1 4 0 .6 4 0 .6 4 0 .6 4 0 .9 4 0 .8 4 0 .7 41.1 4 0 .7 4 0 .8 4 0 .8 4 1 .6 4 0 .8 4 0 .9 4 0 .8 T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t ...................... 4 2 .5 4 1 .9 4 0 .7 4 2 .0 4 1 .9 4 2 .7 4 2 .7 4 2 .8 4 2 .9 4 2 .8 4 2 .4 4 2 .8 4 2 .3 4 2 .4 4 2 .4 F u r n itu r e a n d r e la te d p r o d u c t s ............. 3 9 .2 3 8 .9 39.1 39.1 3 9.1 3 9 .9 3 9 .7 3 9 .7 3 9 .4 3 9 .6 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 9 .7 3 9 .5 3 9 .7 M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r in g ............... 3 8 .6 3 8 .4 38.1 3 8 .3 3 8 .3 3 8 .9 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .7 3 8 .7 3 8 .3 3 8 .9 3 8 .4 3 8 .7 3 8 .5 N o n d u r a b le g o o d s ....................................... 4 0.1 3 9 .8 3 9 .6 3 9 .8 3 9 .9 4 0.1 3 9 .9 4 0 .2 4 0 .3 4 0 .1 4 0 .0 4 0 .3 4 0 .1 4 0.1 4 0 .2 O v e r t im e h o u r s ........................................ 4 .2 4.1 3 .6 4.1 4.1 4 .3 4 .2 4 .3 4 .3 4 .3 4 .3 4 .4 4 .4 4 .4 4 .4 F o o d m a n u f a c t u r in g ................................. 3 9 .6 3 9 .3 3 9 .2 3 9 .3 3 9 .3 3 9 .2 39.1 3 9 .5 3 9 .4 3 9 .3 39.1 3 9 .6 3 9 .4 3 9 .3 3 9 .2 B e v e r a g e a n d t o b a c c o p r o d u c t s .......... 3 9 .4 39.1 3 8 .8 39.1 3 8 .8 3 9 .9 3 9.1 3 9 .6 4 0 .3 3 9 .4 3 9 .6 3 9 .2 3 8 .7 39.1 3 9 .5 T e x t ile m ills ................................................. 4 0 .6 3 9.1 3 8 .7 3 9 .0 3 9.1 4 0 .0 3 9 .7 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .2 3 9 .5 4 0 .3 4 0 .3 4 0 .6 4 0 .6 T e x t ile p r o d u c t m ills ................................. 3 9 .2 3 9 .6 4 0 .0 4 0 .7 4 0 .4 4 0 .0 3 9 .8 3 9 .4 3 9 .9 3 8 .8 3 8 .3 3 8 .8 3 8 .9 3 8 .6 3 8 .9 A p p a r e l......................................................... 3 6 .7 3 5 .6 3 4 .8 3 5.1 3 5 .8 3 6 .2 3 5 .8 3 5 .7 3 6 .2 3 6 .3 3 5 .9 3 6.1 3 5 .9 3 6.1 3 6 .4 L e a t h e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c t s ................... 3 7 .5 3 9 .3 3 8 .9 3 8 .4 3 8 .9 3 9 .3 4 0 .3 3 9 .8 3 9 .5 3 9 .4 3 9.1 3 8 .4 3 8 .0 3 7 .2 3 7 .6 P a p e r a n d p a p e r p r o d u c t s ..................... 4 1 .8 4 2.1 4 1 .2 4 1 .2 4 1 .5 4 1 . .9 4 1 .8 4 1 .9 4 2 .0 4 1 .8 4 1 .9 4 2 .6 4 2 .0 4 2 .5 4 3 .0 3 8 .5 P r in tin g a n d r e la te d s u p p o r t a c t iv it ie s ...................................................... 3 8 .4 3 8 .2 3 8 .0 3 8 .2 3 8 .5 3 8 .4 3 8 .2 3 8 .6 3 8 .6 3 8 .4 3 8 .4 3 8 .6 3 8 .5 3 8 .7 P e tr o le u m a n d c o a l p r o d u c t s ................ 4 3 .0 4 4 .5 4 4 .4 4 4 .2 4 4 .9 4 5 .6 4 4 .2 4 3 .8 44.1 4 3 .7 4 3 .9 4 5 .0 4 5 .0 4 5 .0 4 7.1 C h e m i c a l s .................................................... 4 2 .3 4 2 .4 4 2 .3 4 2 .2 4 2 .0 4 2 .7 4 2 .5 4 2 .9 4 3 .2 4 3 .0 4 3 .0 4 2 .9 4 2 .6 4 2 .8 4 2 .9 P la s t ic s a n d r u b b e r p r o d u c t s ................ 4 0 .6 4 0 .4 4 0 .3 4 0 .5 4 0 .6 4 0 .7 4 0 .4 4 0 .8 4 0 .9 4 0 .9 4 0 .7 4 0 .9 4 0 .8 4 0 .5 4 0 .4 3 2 .5 3 2 .4 3 2 .3 3 2 .3 3 2 .3 3 2 .4 3 2 .2 3 2 .4 3 2 .4 3 2 .4 3 2 .3 3 2 .4 3 2 .3 3 2 .4 3 2 .4 3 3 .6 3 3 .5 3 3 .5 3 3 .5 3 3 .6 3 3 .6 3 3 .5 3 3 .6 3 3 .7 3 3 .6 3 3 .5 3 3 .5 3 3 .3 3 3 .4 3 3 .5 3 8 .0 3 7 .8 3 7 .9 3 7 .8 3 8 .0 3 8 .0 3 7 .8 3 7 .9 3 8 .0 3 8 .0 3 8 .0 3 7 .8 3 7 .6 3 7 .8 3 7 .7 3 0 .9 3 0 .9 3 0 .9 3 0 .9 3 0 .9 3 0 .9 3 0 .8 3 1 .0 3 0 .9 3 0 .8 3 0 .7 3 0 .7 3 0 .5 3 0 .6 3 0 .7 P R IV A TE S E R V IC E P R O V I D I N G ............................................... T r a d e , tra n s p o rt a tio n , a n d T r a n s p o r t a t io n a n d w a r e h o u s in g .......... 3 6 .8 3 6 .9 3 6 .9 3 6 .9 3 7.1 3 7 .0 3 6 .7 3 6 .9 3 7 .2 3 6 .9 3 6 .9 3 7 .3 3 6 .9 3 7 .0 3 7 .0 U t ilit ie s ............................................................. 4 0 .9 4 1.1 4 1 .0 4 0 .4 4 1 .0 4 1 .4 4 0 .8 4 0 .8 4 1 .0 4 1 .2 4 1 .2 4 1 .3 4 1.1 4 0 .8 4 0 .9 3 6 .5 3 6 .2 3 6 .2 3 6.1 3 6.1 3 6 .3 3 6 .2 3 6 .2 3 6 .3 3 6 .3 3 6 .3 3 6 .4 3 6 .5 3 6 .3 3 6 .5 3 5 .6 3 5 .5 3 5 .5 3 5 .4 3 5 .5 3 5 .5 3 5 .3 3 5 .7 3 5 .5 3 5 .5 3 5 .6 3 5 .8 3 5 .5 3 5 .6 3 5 .5 3 4 .2 3 4.1 3 3 .9 3 3 .9 3 4 .0 34.1 3 3 .8 34.1 3 4 .2 3 4.1 3 4.1 3 4 .2 3 3 .9 3 4 .2 3 4 .2 3 2 .4 3 2 .3 3 2 .4 3 2 .3 3 2 .3 3 2 .4 3 2 .4 3 2 .4 3 2 .4 3 2 .4 3 2 .4 3 2 .5 3 2 .5 3 2 .6 3 2 .7 2 5 .8 2 5 .6 2 5 .5 2 5 .5 2 5 .6 2 5 .7 2 5 .6 2 5 .7 2 5 .8 2 5 .7 2 5 .7 2 5 .7 2 5 .7 2 5 .6 2 5 .5 3 2 .0 3 1 .4 3 1 .3 3 1 .2 3 1 .3 3 1 .2 3 1 .0 31.1 31.1 3 1 .2 3 1.1 3 1 .2 3 1 .0 31.1 3 1.1 P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s O t h e r s e r v ic e s ............................................... 1 D a t a r e la te to p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in n a tu ra l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g a n d m a n u fa c t u r in g , c o n s tr u c t io n w o r k e r s in c o n s tr u c t io n , a n d n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s in th e s e r v ic e - p r o v id in g in d u s t r ie s . NOTE: D a t a r e f le c t th e c o n v e r s io n to th e 2 0 0 2 v e r s io n of th e N o r th A m e r ic a n In d u s try C la s s if ic a t io n S y s t e m (NAICS), r e p la c in g th e S t a n d a r d in d u s t r ia l C la s s if ic a t io n (SIC) s y s t e m . N A ic s - b a s e d d a ta b y in d u s t r y a r e n o t c o m p a r a b le w ith s ic - b a s e d d a ta . S e e " N o t e s o n th e d a ta " fo r a d e s c r ip t io n o f th e m o s t r e c e n t b e n c h m a r k r e v is io n . p = p r e lim in a r y . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 75 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 14. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls, by industry, monthly data seasonally adjusted Annual average Industry 2003 2004 2002 2003 Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July’’ Aug.p T O T A L P R IV A TE C u r r e n t d o lla r s ................................... $ 1 4 .9 5 $ 1 5 .3 5 $ 1 5 .4 1 $ 1 5 .4 1 $ 1 5 .4 3 $ 1 5 .4 6 $ 1 5 .4 5 $ 1 5 .4 9 $ 1 5 .5 2 $ 1 5 .5 5 $ 1 5 .5 9 $ 1 5 .6 3 $ 1 5 .6 6 $ 1 5 .7 2 C o n s t a n t (1 9 8 2 ) d o lla r s .................. 8 .2 4 8 .2 7 8 .2 8 8 .2 5 8 .2 8 8 .2 3 8 .3 0 8 .2 7 8 .2 7 8 .2 4 8 .2 5 8.21 8 .2 0 8 .2 4 8 .2 6 G O O D S - P R O D U C I N G ................................. 1 6 .3 3 1 6 .8 0 1 6 .8 6 16.91 1 6 .9 0 1 6 .9 4 1 6 .9 7 1 7 .0 0 1 7 .0 6 1 7 .0 8 1 7 .1 3 1 7 .1 3 1 7 .1 6 1 7 .1 9 1 7 .2 4 1 8 .1 8 $ 1 5 .7 7 N a tu ra l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g .............. 1 7 .1 9 1 7 .5 8 1 7 .6 2 1 7 .6 6 1 7 .7 2 1 7 .7 9 17.91 1 7 .9 5 18.01 1 8 .1 0 1 8 .0 8 1 8 .1 0 1 8 .2 4 1 8 .1 6 C o n s t r u c t io n ............................................... 1 8 .5 2 1 8 .9 5 19.01 1 9 .0 5 1 9 .0 6 1 9 .0 6 1 9 .0 4 19.11 1 9 .1 8 1 9 .1 7 1 9 .2 0 1 9 .2 0 1 9 .1 9 1 9 .2 2 1 9 .2 4 M a n u fa c t u rin g ............................................. 1 5 .2 9 1 5 .7 4 1 5 .7 9 1 5 .8 4 1 5 .8 3 1 5 .8 9 1 5 .9 3 1 5 .9 4 1 5 .9 9 16.01 1 6 .0 8 1 6 .0 8 1 6 .1 3 1 6 .1 5 1 6 .2 2 E x c lu d in g o v e r tim e ............................. 1 4 .5 4 1 4 .9 6 1 5 .0 2 1 5 .0 6 1 5 .0 3 1 5 .0 6 1 5 .0 9 15.11 1 5 .1 4 1 5 .1 6 1 5 .2 4 1 5 .2 3 1 5 .2 7 1 5 .2 9 D u r a b le g o o d s ............................................ 1 5 .3 6 1 6 .0 2 1 6 .4 6 1 6 .5 0 1 6 .5 7 1 6 .5 4 1 6 .5 8 1 6 .6 4 1 6 .6 3 1 6 .6 8 1 6 .6 9 1 6 .7 5 1 6 .7 5 1 6 .7 8 1 6 .8 0 1 6 .8 8 N o n d u r a b le g o o d s .................................... 1 4 .1 5 1 4 .6 3 1 4 .6 8 1 4 .7 0 1 4 .7 2 1 4 .7 9 14.81 1 4 .8 5 1 4 .8 9 1 4 .9 3 1 5 .0 0 1 5 .0 2 1 5 .0 8 15.11 1 5 .1 7 1 4 .5 6 1 4 .9 6 1 5 .0 2 15.01 1 5 .0 3 1 5 .0 6 1 5 .0 5 1 5 .0 8 1 5 .1 0 1 5 .1 3 1 5 .1 7 1 5 .2 3 1 5 .2 6 1 5 .3 2 1 5 .3 8 1 4 .7 4 P R IV A TE S E R V IC E P R O V ID IN G ................................................... T r a d e ,tra n s p o rta tio n , a n d u tilitie s ....................................................... 1 4 .0 2 1 4 .3 4 1 4 .4 0 1 4 .3 8 14.41 1 4 .4 4 14.41 1 4 .4 5 1 4 .4 9 1 4 .5 0 1 4 .5 7 14.61 1 4 .6 5 14.71 W h o le s a le t r a d e ........................................ 1 6 .9 8 1 7 .3 6 1 7 .4 3 1 7 .4 4 1 7 .4 7 1 7 .4 7 1 7 .4 6 1 7 .5 3 1 7 .5 4 1 7 .5 4 1 7 .6 0 1 7 .6 3 1 7 .6 7 1 7 .7 3 17.71 R e ta il t r a d e .................................................. 1 1 .6 7 1 1 .9 0 1 1 .9 5 1 1 .9 4 1 1 .9 5 1 1 .9 7 1 1 .9 5 1 1 .9 5 1 1 .9 8 1 1 .9 9 12.01 1 2 .0 6 1 2 .1 0 1 2 .1 4 1 2 .1 7 T r a n s p o r ta tio n a n d w a r e h o u s in g ......... 1 5 .7 6 1 6 .2 5 1 6 .3 3 16.31 1 6 .3 2 1 6 .3 5 1 6 .3 3 1 6 .4 6 1 6 .5 2 1 6 .5 3 1 6.7 1 1 6 .7 5 1 6 .8 2 1 6 .9 0 U t ilitie s ...................................................... 1 7 .0 3 2 3 .9 6 2 4 .7 6 2 4 .9 9 2 4 .9 6 2 5 .1 7 2 5 .3 6 2 5 .1 3 2 5 .3 2 2 5 .3 5 2 5 .3 8 2 5 .6 7 2 5 .4 6 2 5 .4 4 2 5 .6 6 2 5 .4 8 In fo rm a tio n ................................................... 2 0 .2 0 2 1 .0 1 2 1 .2 2 2 1.2 1 2 1.2 1 2 1 .1 0 2 0 .9 9 2 1 .1 5 2 1 .2 4 2 1 .2 5 2 1 .2 9 2 1 .4 2 2 1 .3 0 2 1 .4 3 2 1 .5 4 F in a n c ia l a c t iv it ie s ..................................... 1 6 .1 7 1 7 .1 3 1 7 .3 9 1 7 .2 7 1 7 .2 9 1 7 .3 0 1 7 .3 0 1 7 .3 5 1 7 .3 2 17.41 1 7 .4 6 1 7 .4 9 1 7 .5 0 1 7 .5 8 1 7 .6 2 16.81 1 7 .2 0 1 7 .2 0 1 7 .1 9 1 7 .2 5 1 7 .2 9 1 7 .2 5 1 7 .2 4 1 7 .2 5 1 7 .2 7 1 7 .2 9 1 7 .3 6 1 7 .4 2 1 7 .4 6 1 7 .6 0 s e r v ic e s ....................................................... 15.21 1 5 .6 4 1 5 .6 9 1 5 .7 0 1 5 .7 3 1 5 .7 7 15.81 1 5 .8 7 1 5 .9 0 1 5 .9 6 1 5 .9 9 1 6 .0 6 1 6 .1 2 1 6 .1 9 16.21 L e is u r e a n d h o s p it a lit y ............................ 8 .5 8 8 .7 6 8 .7 7 8 .7 8 8 .7 8 8 .8 2 8 .8 4 8 .8 5 8 .8 6 8 .8 7 8 .8 6 8 .8 6 8 .8 5 8 .8 8 8 .9 0 O th e r s e r v ic e s ............................................. 1 3 .7 2 1 3 .8 4 1 3 .8 2 13.81 1 3 .8 0 13.81 1 3 .8 0 1 3 .8 4 1 3 .8 4 1 3 .8 7 1 3 .8 4 1 3 .8 5 1 3 .8 8 1 3 .9 0 1 3 .9 2 N o rth A m e r ic a n in d u s try P r o fe s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ....................................................... E d u c a t io n a n d h ea lth 1 D a t a re la te to p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s In n a tu ra l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g a n d m a n u f a c tu rin g , c o n s tr u c t io n w o r k e r s in c o n s tr u c t io n , a n d n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s in th e s e r v ic e - p r o v id in g in d u s tr ie s , 76 Monthly Labor Review D a ta re fle c t th e c o n v e r s io n to th e 2 0 0 2 v e r s io n o f th e b a s e d d a ta b y in d u s tr y a r e n o t c o m p a r a b le w ith S I C - b a s e d d a ta . S e e " N o t e s o n th e d a ta " fo r a p = p re lim in a r y . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis NOTE: C la s s if ic a t io n S y s t e m (NAICS), r e p la c in g th e S t a n d a r d in d u s t r ia l C la s s if ic a t io n (SIC) s y s t e m , n a i c s d e s c r ip tio n o f th e m o s t r e c e n t b e n c h m a r k re v is io n . October 2004 15. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls, by industry 2002 T O T A L P R I V A T E ...................................... S e a s o n a lly a d ju s t e d ......................... 2003 2004 2003 Annual average Industry Aug Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Julyp Aug.p $ 1 5 .7 0 $ 1 4 .9 5 $ 1 5 .3 5 $ 1 5 .3 1 $ 1 5 .4 4 $ 1 5 .4 2 $ 1 5 .5 2 $ 1 5 .4 8 $ 1 5 .5 6 $ 1 5 .6 0 $ 1 5 .5 5 $ 1 5 .5 9 $ 1 5 .6 3 $ 1 5 .5 7 $ 1 5 .6 0 1 5 .1 8 1 5 .4 7 15.4 1 15.41 1 5.4 1 1 5 .4 3 1 5 .4 5 1 5 .4 9 1 5 .5 2 1 5 .5 5 1 5 .5 9 1 5 .6 3 1 5 .6 6 1 5 .7 2 1 5 .7 7 1 7 .1 8 1 7 .2 7 G O O D S - P R O D U C I N G ................................... 1 6 .3 3 1 6 .8 1 6 .9 2 1 7.0 1 1 6 .9 5 1 6 .9 8 1 7 .0 3 1 6 .9 4 1 6 .9 5 1 7 .0 0 1 7 .0 9 1 7 .1 0 1 7 .1 4 N a tu ra l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g ............... 1 7 .1 9 1 7 .5 8 1 7 .5 2 1 7 .6 9 1 7 .6 9 1 7 .1 5 1 7 .9 7 1 8 .0 0 1 8 .0 5 1 8 .1 7 1 8 .1 4 1 8 .0 6 1 8 .1 8 1 8 .0 8 1 8 .0 9 C o n s t r u c t io n ................................................ 1 8 .5 2 1 8 .9 5 1 9 .0 8 1 9 .1 9 1 9 .1 3 1 9 .0 8 1 9 .1 9 19.01 1 9 .0 7 1 9 .0 7 1 9 .1 5 1 9 .1 5 1 9 .1 2 1 9 .2 6 1 9 .3 2 M a n u f a c t u r in g .............................................. 1 5 .2 9 1 5 .7 4 1 5 .7 6 1 5 .8 7 15.81 1 5 .9 2 1 6 .0 5 1 5 .9 8 1 5 .9 9 16.0 1 1 6 .0 7 1 6 .0 5 1 6 .0 9 1 6 .0 4 1 6 .1 6 D u r a b le g o o d s ............................................. 1 6 .0 2 1 6 .4 6 1 6 .4 8 1 6 .6 2 1 6 .5 5 1 6 .6 4 1 6 .7 8 1 6 .6 6 1 6 .6 8 1 6 .6 9 1 6 .7 2 1 6.7 1 1 6 .7 5 16.61 1 6 .8 3 W o o d p r o d u c t s ........................................ 1 2 .3 3 12.7 1 1 2 .7 7 1 2 .8 3 1 2 .8 2 1 2 .9 5 1 2 .9 3 1 2 .9 0 12.91 1 2 .9 3 1 3 .0 0 1 3 .0 3 1 2 .9 8 1 3 .0 3 1 3 .0 0 N o n m e t a llic m in e r a l p r o d u c t s ............ 1 5 .4 0 1 5 .7 7 15.81 1 5 .8 4 1 5 .9 5 1 5 .9 9 1 5 .9 8 1 6 .0 3 1 6 .0 0 1 6 .0 2 1 6 .1 9 1 6 .1 8 1 6 .2 4 1 6 .3 6 1 6 .1 9 P r im a r y m e t a ls ........................................ 1 7 .6 8 1 8 .1 3 1 8 .1 3 1 8 .3 0 1 8 .2 5 1 8 .3 2 1 8 .3 9 1 8 .3 9 1 8 .3 6 1 8 .3 3 1 8 .5 2 1 8 .4 8 1 8.5 1 1 8 .6 3 1 8 .5 2 F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c t s .................. 1 4 .6 8 1 5.0 1 1 5 .0 4 1 5 .0 9 1 5 .0 3 1 5 .0 6 1 5 .2 3 1 5 .2 0 1 5 .1 8 1 5 .2 5 1 5.2 1 1 5 .2 0 1 5 .2 3 1 5 .2 6 1 5 .2 5 M a c h i n e r y ................................................ 1 5 .9 2 1 6 .3 0 1 6 .3 2 1 6 .4 0 1 6 .3 5 1 6 .4 9 1 6 .6 2 1 6 .5 3 1 6 .5 0 1 6 .4 9 1 6 .5 3 1 6 .5 3 1 6 .5 6 1 6 .6 8 1 6 .7 2 C o m p u t e r a n d e le c t r o n ic p r o d u c ts ... 1 6 .2 0 1 6 .6 8 16.8 1 1 6 .7 7 1 6 .7 7 1 6 .7 8 1 6 .8 5 16.8 1 1 6 .9 2 1 6 .9 3 17.0 1 17.1 1 17.2 1 1 7 .3 5 1 7 .4 4 E le c t r ic a l e q u ip m e n t a n d a p p lia n c e s 1 3 .9 8 1 4 .3 5 1 4 .4 5 1 4 .4 9 1 4 .3 7 1 4 .5 4 1 4 .6 8 1 4 .5 0 1 4 .5 8 1 4 .6 8 1 4 .8 0 1 4 .8 3 1 4 .8 8 1 4 .8 8 1 5 .0 3 T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t ................... 2 0 .6 4 2 1 .2 5 2 1 .2 9 2 1 .5 6 2 1 .3 5 2 1 .4 8 2 1 .7 4 2 1 .3 8 2 1 .3 7 2 1 .3 4 2 1 .3 6 2 1 .2 9 2 1 .3 6 2 0 .7 6 2 1 .4 4 F u r n itu r e a n d r e la te d p r o d u c t s .......... 12.6 1 1 2 .9 8 1 3 .0 4 1 3 .1 0 13.01 1 3 .0 8 1 3 .0 8 1 2 .9 5 1 2 .9 2 1 2 .9 6 1 3 .0 9 1 3 .0 4 1 3 .1 0 13.1 1 1 3 .2 5 M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r in g ........... 12.9 1 1 3 .3 0 1 3 .2 7 1 3 .4 2 1 3 .4 7 1 3 .5 3 1 3 .6 0 1 3 .6 8 1 3 .7 5 1 3 .7 8 1 3 .7 0 1 3 .7 6 1 3.8 1 1 3 .8 9 1 3 .8 7 N o n d u r a b le g o o d s ..................................... 1 4 .1 5 1 4 .6 3 1 4 .6 5 1 4 .7 3 1 4 .6 7 1 4 .8 0 1 4 .8 8 1 4 .8 9 1 4 .8 8 1 4 .9 0 1 5.0 1 1 4 .9 8 1 5 .0 3 1 5 .1 4 1 5 .1 0 F o o d m a n u f a c t u r in g .............................. 1 2 .5 5 1 2 .8 0 1 2 .8 0 1 2 .9 0 1 2 .7 7 12.91 1 2 .9 5 12.91 1 2 .8 7 1 2 .8 9 1 2 .9 6 1 2 .9 4 1 3 .0 0 1 3 .0 4 1 2 .9 5 B e v e r a g e s a n d t o b a c c o p r o d u c t s .... 1 7 .7 3 1 7 .9 6 1 7 .7 5 1 7 .7 3 1 8 .0 5 1 8 .6 4 1 8 .5 8 1 8 .8 8 1 8 .7 6 1 9 .1 3 1 9 .6 0 1 9 .5 5 1 9 .3 9 1 9 .3 0 1 9 .0 5 T e x t ile m i l l s .............................................. 1 1 .7 3 1 2 .0 0 1 1 .9 5 1 2 .0 7 1 2 .0 2 1 2 .0 8 12.21 12.11 1 2 .1 3 1 2 .0 9 1 2 .2 3 1 2 .0 8 1 2 .1 5 1 2 .0 6 1 2 .0 9 T e x t ile p r o d u c t m i l l s .............................. 1 0 .9 6 1 1 .2 4 1 1 .4 6 1 1 .4 7 1 1 .3 7 1 1 .3 5 1 1 .4 4 1 1 .4 5 1 1 .4 0 1 1 .3 7 1 1 .3 3 1 1 .3 0 1 1 .2 9 1 1 .4 9 1 1 .4 4 A p p a r e l ...................................................... 9 .1 0 9 .5 6 9 .7 5 9 .7 7 9 .6 9 9.71 9 .8 0 9 .7 4 9 .5 8 9 .6 0 9.71 9 .5 5 9 .6 0 9 .7 6 9 .71 L e a t h e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c t s ............... 1 1 .0 0 1 1 .6 7 1 1 .6 7 1 1 .6 3 1 1 .8 3 1 1 .8 7 1 1 .9 0 1 1 .9 4 1 1 .7 6 1 1 .6 4 1 1 .6 5 1 1 .4 9 1 1 .5 9 1 1 .6 8 11.7 1 P a p e r a n d p a p e r p r o d u c t s .................. 1 6 .8 5 1 7 .3 2 1 7 .3 3 17.4 1 1 7 .4 4 1 7 .5 8 1 7 .6 0 1 7 .6 3 1 7 .5 5 1 7 .5 9 1 7 .8 4 1 7 .8 8 1 7 .8 6 17.9 1 1 7 .7 9 P r in tin g a n d r e la te d s u p p o r t a c tiv itie s 1 4 .9 3 1 5 .3 7 1 5 .3 6 1 5 .4 6 1 5.4 1 1 5 .4 8 1 5 .5 6 1 5 .5 3 1 5 .5 7 15.6 1 1 5 .5 4 15.5 1 1 5 .5 4 1 5 .6 8 1 5 .8 5 P e t r o le u m a n d c o a l p r o d u c t s ............ 2 3 .0 4 2 3 .6 4 2 2 .9 6 2 3 .4 5 2 3 .6 3 2 4 .0 0 2 4 .0 6 2 4 .1 3 2 4 .3 2 2 4 .8 2 2 4 .4 8 2 4 .4 1 2 4 .2 4 2 4 .3 5 2 4 .4 2 C h e m i c a l s ................................................ 1 7 .9 7 1 8 .5 2 1 8 .6 0 1 8 .6 6 1 8 .6 6 1 8 .7 7 1 8 .7 9 1 8 .8 3 1 8 .8 5 1 8 .8 7 1 9 .0 2 1 9 .0 5 1 9 .2 0 1 9 .3 7 19.3 1 P la s t ic s a n d r u b b e r p r o d u c t s ............. 1 3 .5 5 1 4 .1 8 1 4 .2 7 1 4 .3 0 1 4 .1 9 1 4 .2 7 1 4 .4 7 1 4 .4 3 1 4 .4 5 1 4 .4 5 1 4 .5 8 1 4 .5 5 1 4 .5 9 1 4 .6 9 1 4 .7 0 1 4 .5 6 1 4 .9 6 1 4 .8 8 1 5 .0 0 15.0 1 1 5 .1 3 1 5 .0 7 1 5 .1 9 1 5 .2 4 1 5 .1 6 1 5 .2 0 1 5 .2 4 1 5 .1 4 1 5 .1 8 1 5 .2 7 1 4 .0 2 1 4 .3 4 1 4 .3 2 1 4 .4 2 1 4 .3 8 1 4 .4 4 14.3 1 1 4 .5 0 1 4 .5 8 1 4 .5 3 1 4 .6 4 1 4 .6 4 14.6 1 1 4 .6 4 1 4 .6 8 1 6 .9 8 1 7 .3 6 1 7 .3 5 17.41 1 7 .4 2 1 7 .5 6 1 7 .4 6 1 7 .5 6 1 7 .6 0 1 7 .4 7 1 7 .6 0 1 7 .6 7 1 7 .5 8 1 7 .6 7 1 7 .7 0 R e ta il t r a d e ............................................... 1 1 .6 7 1 1 .9 0 1 1 .8 9 1 1 .9 9 1 1.9 1 1 1 .9 2 1 1 .8 7 1 1 .9 8 1 2 .0 4 1 2 .0 3 1 2 .0 8 1 2 .0 8 1 2 .0 9 1 2 .0 8 1 2 .1 0 T r a n s p o r t a t io n a n d w a r e h o u s i n g ...... 1 5 .7 6 1 6 .2 5 1 6 .3 3 16.31 1 6.3 1 1 6 .4 0 1 6 .3 3 1 6 .4 6 1 6 .5 8 16.5 1 1 6 .7 3 1 6 .7 2 1 6 .8 0 1 6 .8 8 1 7 .0 2 2 3 .9 6 2 4 .7 6 2 4.8 1 2 5 .1 5 2 5 .2 3 2 5 .5 0 2 5 .2 6 2 5 .3 8 2 5 .2 9 2 5 .3 6 2 5 .6 9 2 5 .5 3 2 5 .3 3 2 5 .6 1 2 5 .2 8 2 0 .2 0 2 1 .0 1 2 1 .1 1 2 1 .3 5 2 1 .2 5 2 1 .2 8 2 1 .1 0 2 1 .2 1 2 1 .2 8 2 1 .1 7 2 1 .2 4 2 1 .4 1 2 1 .1 8 2 1 .2 9 2 1 .4 4 1 6 .1 7 1 7 .1 3 1 7 .3 4 1 7 .2 7 1 7 .2 5 1 7 .4 2 1 7 .2 6 1 7 .3 5 1 7 .4 7 1 7 .3 7 1 7 .4 5 1 7 .6 2 1 7 .3 8 1 7 .4 6 1 7 .6 5 16.81 1 7 .2 0 1 7 .0 0 17.11 1 7 .1 3 17.41 1 7 .2 9 1 7 .3 8 1 7 .4 7 1 7 .2 8 1 7 .2 6 1 7 .4 5 1 7 .2 8 1 7 .3 3 17.5 1 15.21 1 5 .6 4 1 5 .6 8 15.71 1 5 .7 3 1 5 .7 9 1 5 .8 6 1 5 .9 4 1 5 .9 5 1 5 .9 4 1 5 .9 9 1 6 .0 0 1 6 .0 6 1 6 .1 9 1 6 .1 8 8 .5 8 8 .7 6 8 .6 8 8 .7 8 8 .7 8 8 .8 3 8 .9 4 8 .8 9 8 .9 2 8 .8 9 8 .8 4 8 .8 5 8 .7 8 8 .7 9 8 .8 2 1 3 .7 2 1 3 .8 4 1 3 .7 5 1 3 .8 2 1 3 .7 8 1 3 .8 5 1 3 .8 8 1 3 .8 9 1 3 .9 0 1 3 .8 5 1 3 .8 7 1 3 .9 0 1 3 .9 0 1 3 .8 0 1 3 .8 8 P R IV A TE S E R V IC E P R O V I D I N G .................................................. T r a d e , t ra n s p o rt a tio n , a n d P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth L e is u r e a n d h o s p it a lit y .......................... I 1 D a ta r e la te to p r o d u c tio n w o rk e rs in n a tu ra l re so u rc e s and m in in g and m a n u f a c t u r in g , c o n s tr u c t io n w o r k e r s in c o n s tr u c t io n , a n d n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s in th e s e r v ic e - p r o v id in g in d u s t r ie s . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis NOTE: D a t a r e f le c t th e c o n v e r s io n to th e 2 0 0 2 v e r s io n o f th e N o r th A m e r ic a n In d u s try C la s s if ic a t io n s y s te m . S y ste m (n a i c s ), r e p la c in g th e C la s s if ic a t io n (SIC) N A iC S - b a s e d d a t a b y in d u s t r y a r e n o t c o m p a r a b le w ith s ic - b a s e d d a ta . S ta n d a rd I n d u s tria l See " N o t e s o n th e d a ta " fo r a d e s c r ip t io n o f th e m o s t r e c e n t b e n c h m a r k r e v is io n . Monthly Labor Review October 2004 77 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 16. Average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers’ on private nonfarm payrolls, by industry Industry Annual average 2002 G O O D S -P R O D U C I N G ................... . 2004 Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May $ 5 1 7 .3 6 $ 51 9.01 $ 5 2 0 .3 3 $ 5 1 9 .6 5 $ 5 2 7 .6 8 $ 5 2 0 .1 3 $ 5 1 8 .1 5 $ 5 2 7 .2 8 $ 5 2 0 .9 3 $ 5 2 2 .2 7 - - 5 1 7 .7 8 5 1 7 .7 8 5 1 9 .9 9 5 2 2 .5 5 5 1 9 .1 2 5 2 3 .5 6 5 2 4 .5 8 5 2 5 .5 9 5 2 5 .3 8 651.61 6 6 9 .2 3 6 7 8 .4 9 6 8 5 .5 0 6 8 1 .3 9 6 8 4 .2 9 6 8 2 .9 0 674.21 674.61 6 8 1 .7 0 T O T A L P R IV A TE ........................ . $ 5 0 6 .0 7 S e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d ........ 2003 2003 June JulyP Aug.p $ 5 3 1 .4 2 $ 52 4 .7 1 $ 5 2 8 .8 4 $ 5 3 6 .9 4 5 2 8 .2 9 5 2 6 .1 8 5 3 1 .3 4 5 3 3 .0 3 6 7 8 .4 7 6 9 0 .8 4 6 8 9 .0 3 6 8 7 .2 0 697 .7 1 Natural re so u rc e s a n d m in in g .................................... 7 4 1 .9 7 7 6 6 .8 3 7 7 2 .6 3 7 8 0 .1 3 7 7 8 .3 6 7 8 4 .5 5 7 8 1 .7 0 7 8 4 .8 0 7 8 6 .9 8 7 9 7 .6 6 7 9 4 .5 3 C o n s tru c tio n ................................. 7 9 8 .2 5 809 .0 1 7 1 1 .8 2 8 0 2 .7 5 727.11 806.81 7 5 3 .6 6 7 5 2 .2 5 7 4 4 .1 6 7 3 0 .7 6 7 1 4 .3 4 7 1 2 .8 8 711.31 7 3 2 .2 9 7 2 1 .9 6 741.11 7 3 8 .0 3 7 5 4 .9 9 M a n u fa ctu rin g ............................... 755 .4 1 6 1 8 .7 5 6 3 6 .0 7 6 3 3 .5 5 6 4 7 .5 0 6 4 3 .4 7 6 5 5 .9 0 6 6 2 .8 7 6 5 0 .3 9 6 5 2 .3 9 653.21 6 5 2 .4 4 6 5 9 .6 6 6 5 9 .6 9 646.41 6 5 9 .3 3 D u ra b le g o o d s .............................. 6 5 2 .9 7 6 7 1 .5 3 6 6 9 .0 9 6 8 4 .7 4 680.21 6 9 2 .2 2 7 0 3 .0 8 6 8 8 .0 6 6 8 8 .8 8 6 9 0 .9 7 6 8 7 .1 9 6 9 5 .1 4 6 9 5 .1 3 6 7 4 .3 7 6 9 5 .0 8 W o o d p r o d u c t s ........................... 4 9 2 .0 0 5 1 3 .9 2 5 1 9 .7 4 5 2 6 .0 3 5 2 5 .6 2 5 3 7 .4 3 5 3 1 .4 2 5 1 7 .2 9 N o n m e ta llic m in e ra l p ro d u cts... 5 2 1 .5 6 5 2 4 .9 6 5 3 0 .4 0 646.91 665.11 5 4 4 .6 5 5 3 3 .4 8 6 7 5 .0 9 5 3 1 .6 2 6 7 6 .3 7 6 7 9 .4 7 5 3 6 .9 0 6 8 1 .1 7 6 6 9 .5 6 6 6 3 .6 4 P rim a r y m e ta ls ............................ 6 6 4 .0 0 6 8 0 .8 5 6 8 4 .8 4 7 4 9 .3 2 684.41 7 6 7 .6 3 6 9 0 .2 0 754.21 6 9 5 .3 0 7 7 7 .7 5 6 9 2 .9 3 7 7 1 .9 8 7 8 5 .9 3 7 9 9 .9 7 7 9 6 .2 9 7 8 7 .6 4 7 9 0 .0 2 8 0 0 .0 6 8 0 3 .8 8 8 0 8 .8 9 F a b ric a te d m e tal p r o d u c ts ........ 5 9 6 .3 8 6 1 0 .3 3 6 0 9 .1 2 7 9 1 .7 8 6 1 7 .1 8 8 0 1 .9 2 6 1 6 .2 3 6 2 1 .9 8 6 3 5 .0 9 6 2 6 .2 4 M a c h in e r y ..................................... 6 2 3 .9 0 6 2 5 .2 5 6 2 0 .2 7 6 4 5 .5 5 6 6 4 .7 9 6 2 7 .7 6 6 2 7 .4 8 6 6 0 .9 6 6 2 1 .0 8 6 7 2 .4 0 6 2 5 .2 5 6 6 7 .0 8 6 8 2 .6 9 6 9 6 .3 8 6 8 9 .3 0 6 9 1 .3 5 6 9 0 .9 3 9 8 7 .6 5 7 0 0 .8 7 6 9 8 .8 3 6 9 2 .2 2 6 9 3 .8 8 6 4 2 .8 7 6 7 4 .6 8 6 8 5 .8 5 6 8 4 .2 2 6 8 4 .2 2 693.01 695.91 680.81 695.41 6 9 0 .7 4 6 8 3 .8 0 6 9 4 .6 7 6 9 8 .7 3 699 .2 1 7 1 1 .5 5 C o m p u te r a n d e le c tro n ic p r o d u c ts ...................................... E le c tric a l e q u ip m e n t a n d a p p lia n c e s .................................. 5 6 0 .2 4 5 8 2 .6 8 5 8 2 .3 4 5 8 8 .2 9 5 9 2 .0 4 6 0 1 .9 6 6 1 6 .5 6 5 9 4 .5 0 T ra n sp o rta tio n e q u ip m e n t........ 5 9 1 .9 5 596.01 5 9 9 .4 0 8 7 7 .8 7 6 1 3 .9 6 8 9 0 .3 2 6 1 1 .5 7 8 7 0 .7 6 5 9 9 .6 6 9 1 8 .4 6 6 1 0 .2 2 9 0 5 .2 4 9 2 5 .7 9 9 5 0 .0 4 9 1 5 .0 6 9 1 6 .7 7 9 1 7 .6 2 9 0 5 .6 6 9 1 5 .4 7 9 1 2 .0 7 8 3 8 .7 0 9 0 2 .6 2 494.01 5 0 5 .2 3 5 1 3 .7 8 5 1 8 .7 6 5 0 8 .6 9 5 2 3 .2 0 5 2 8 .4 3 5 1 0 .2 3 5 0 5 .1 7 5 1 0 .6 2 5 1 7 .0 6 5 1 7 .6 9 5 2 1 .3 8 5 1 5 .2 2 5 3 0 .0 0 4 9 9 .1 3 5 1 0 .6 9 5 0 5 .5 9 5 1 5 .3 3 5 1 5 .9 0 5 3 0 .3 8 5 3 3 .1 2 5 3 2 .1 5 5 3 3 .5 0 5 3 4 .6 6 524.71 5 3 5 .2 6 5 3 0 .3 0 529 .2 1 532.61 5 6 6 .8 4 5 8 2 .6 5 581.61 5 9 3 .6 2 5 8 8 .2 7 6 0 0 .8 8 6 0 2 .6 4 594.11 5 9 5 .2 0 5 9 6 .0 0 5 9 5 .9 0 6 0 2 .2 0 604.21 6 0 2 .5 7 6 0 7 .0 2 496.91 502.61 5 0 6 .8 8 5 1 7 .2 9 5 0 5 .6 9 515.11 5 1 4 .1 2 5 0 4 .7 8 4 9 9 .3 6 4 9 8 .8 4 4 9 7 .6 6 5 1 1 .1 3 5 1 2 .2 0 5 1 2 .4 7 5 1 1 .5 3 6 9 8 .3 9 7 0 2 .7 5 6 9 4 .0 3 7 0 7 .4 3 7 0 7 .5 6 7 5 1 .1 9 7 2 2 .7 6 7 2 8 .7 7 7 3 7 .2 7 F u rn itu re a n d re la te d p r o d u c ts ..................................... M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu rin g ............................ N o n d u ra b le g o o d s ...................... F o o d m a n u fa c tu rin g .................... B e v e r a g e s a n d to b a c c o p r o d u c ts ...................................... T e x tile m ills ................................. 7 4 4 .1 6 7 8 0 .0 8 4 7 6 .5 2 7 7 4 .1 8 4 6 9 .4 7 7 6 0 .0 9 4 6 2 .4 7 7 5 8 .4 9 4 7 5 .5 6 7 5 8 .1 9 4 6 9 .9 8 4 8 5 .6 2 4 9 0 .8 4 485.61 486.41 T e x tile p ro d u c t m ills .................... 4 9 0 .8 5 484 .3 1 4 8 6 .8 2 429.01 4 9 0 .8 6 4 4 5 .0 8 4 8 1 .1 9 4 5 9 .5 5 4 6 7 .9 8 4 8 9 .6 5 458.21 4 5 6 .2 7 4 6 4 .4 6 4 4 7 .7 0 A p p a r e l........................................... 4 5 0 .3 0 4 4 1 .1 6 4 3 5 .0 7 4 3 6 .1 8 3 3 3 .6 6 4 1 2 .9 9 3 4 0 .2 2 4 5 8 .2 6 4 4 4 .8 3 4 3 6 .6 2 3 3 9 .3 0 4 5 1 .6 3 3 4 1 .9 5 4 4 5 .4 3 4 4 6 .1 6 L e a th e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts ....... 3 4 8 .8 4 4 6 2 .5 5 3 5 6 .3 6 4 6 5 .3 0 3 5 2 .8 0 4 8 5 .5 2 3 4 3 .8 2 4 7 1 .6 3 3 4 5 .8 4 4 6 4 .5 2 3 5 0 .4 0 4 6 4 .4 4 3 4 7 .7 6 4 6 0 .1 8 719.21 3 4 8 .4 8 4 4 2 .7 4 P a p e r a n d p a p e r p ro d u c ts ........ 7 0 5 .6 2 3 4 6 .6 7 4 4 1 .2 2 7 1 0 .5 3 349.41 4 2 1 .6 5 7 2 6 .0 0 3 5 3 .4 4 4 3 9 .1 3 7 2 7 .2 5 7 4 3 .6 3 7 5 1 .5 2 7 3 8 .7 0 7 3 1 .8 4 7 3 1 .7 4 745.71 7 5 6 .3 2 7 4 8 .3 3 7 5 0 .4 3 7 5 9 .6 3 5 7 3 .0 5 5 8 7 .4 2 5 8 5 .2 2 5 9 9 .8 5 597.91 6 0 3 .7 2 6 0 2 .1 7 5 9 3 .2 5 5 9 7 .8 9 6 0 0 .9 9 5 9 3 .6 3 5 9 4 .0 3 5 9 3 .6 3 6 0 0 .5 4 6 1 0 .2 3 p ro d u c ts ....................................... 9 9 0 .8 8 1 ,0 5 2 .9 7 1 ,00 7 .9 4 1 ,04 5 .8 7 1 ,06 8 .0 8 1 ,09 9 .20 1 ,06 1 .0 5 1 ,06 8 .9 6 1 ,07 4 .9 4 1 ,0 7 9 .6 7 1 ,0 6 2 .4 3 7 5 9 .5 3 1 ,0 9 1 .1 3 7 8 4 .5 6 1 ,0 9 5 .6 5 C h e m ic a ls ..................................... 7 8 4 .9 2 1 ,1 2 0 .1 0 7 9 3 .0 5 1 ,1 3 5 .5 3 7 8 5 .5 9 8 0 8 .9 9 8 0 6 .0 9 8 0 4 .0 4 816.21 811.41 8 1 4 .0 6 8 1 5 .3 4 8 1 9 .8 4 817.41 8 2 4 .5 4 5 4 9 .8 5 5 7 2 .2 3 5 7 2 .2 3 5 8 3 .4 4 5 7 8 .9 5 5 8 6 .5 0 5 9 6 .1 6 5 8 5 .8 6 5 8 8 .1 2 5 8 9 .5 6 5 9 4 .8 6 5 9 5 .1 0 5 9 9 .6 5 5 8 3 .1 9 5 8 9 .4 7 4 7 2 .8 8 4 8 4 .0 0 4 8 5 .0 9 4 8 3 .0 0 4 8 4 .8 2 4 9 3 .2 4 4 8 5 .2 5 4 8 4 .5 6 4 9 6 .8 2 4 8 6 .6 4 4 8 7 .9 2 4 9 6 .8 2 4 8 9 .0 2 4 9 3 .3 5 5 0 2 .3 8 a n d u tilities................................... 4 7 1 .2 7 4 8 1 .1 0 4 8 5 .4 5 4 8 5 .9 5 4 8 3 .1 7 4 8 6 .6 3 4 8 0 .8 2 4 7 7 .0 5 4 8 8 .4 3 4 8 2 .4 0 4 8 6 .0 5 4 9 3 ..3 7 W h o le s a le tra d e ............................. 4 8 9 .4 4 4 9 4 .8 3 5 0 0 .5 9 6 4 4 .3 8 6 5 7 .1 2 6 5 9 .3 0 6 5 8 .1 0 6 6 1 .9 6 6 7 6 .0 6 6 5 9 .9 9 6 5 6 .7 4 6 7 0 .5 6 6 5 8 .6 2 6 6 5 .2 8 6 7 4 .9 9 661.01 6 6 6 .1 6 360.81 6 7 4 .3 7 3 6 7 .2 8 3 7 3 .3 5 3 7 1 .6 9 3 6 6 .8 3 3 6 5 .9 4 3 6 7 .9 7 3 6 1 .8 0 3 6 8 .4 2 365.71 3 6 7 .2 3 3 7 2 .0 6 3 7 2 .3 7 3 7 6 .9 0 3 7 9 .9 4 5 7 9 .7 5 5 9 7 .7 9 604.21 6 0 6 .7 3 6 0 3 .4 7 6 1 5 .0 0 6 0 2 .5 8 5 9 7 .5 0 6 1 3 .4 6 6 0 4 .2 7 6 1 0 .6 5 6 2 7 .0 0 6 2 1 .6 0 6 2 6 .2 5 9 7 9 .0 9 6 4 1 .6 5 1 ,01 6 .9 4 1,017.21 1 ,02 6 .1 2 1 ,03 9 .4 8 1 ,06 8 .4 5 1 ,02 8 .08 1 ,03 2 .9 7 1 ,0 3 9 .4 2 1 ,0 3 9 .7 6 1 ,0 5 3 .2 9 1 ,0 5 4 .3 9 1 ,0 4 6 .1 3 1 ,0 3 4 .6 4 1 ,0 2 6 .3 7 P rin tin g a n d re la te d s u p p o rt a c tiv itie s ........................ P e tro le u m a n d c o a l P la s tic s a n d ru b b e r p ro d u c ts ....................................... P R I V A T E S E R V IC E PRO V ID IN G ..................................... T rad e , transportation, R e ta il tra d e ................................... T ra n sp o rta tio n a n d w a re h o u s in g ................................. U tilitie s ......................................... Inform ation..................................... 7 3 8 .1 7 7 6 1 .1 3 7 6 8 .4 0 7 7 0 .7 4 7 6 9 .2 5 7 8 3 .1 0 761.71 7 6 3 .5 6 7 7 6 .7 2 7 6 0 .0 0 7 6 4 .6 4 7 7 7 .1 8 7 7 5 .1 9 7 7 2 .8 3 7 8 8 .9 9 Fin a n cia l a c tiv itie s........................ 575.51 6 0 8 .8 7 6 1 3 .8 4 6 0 7 .9 0 6 0 8 .9 3 6 2 8 .8 6 6 0 7 .5 5 6 1 2 .1 0 6 3 0 .6 7 6 1 1 .4 2 6 1 5 .9 9 6 3 7 .8 4 613 .5 1 6 1 8 .0 8 6 3 7 .1 7 5 7 4 .6 6 5 8 6 .6 8 5 7 9 .7 0 5 7 8 .3 2 580.71 5 9 7 .1 6 5 8 2 .6 7 5 8 3 .9 7 6 0 2 .7 2 5 8 7 .5 2 5 8 8 .5 7 6 0 3 .7 7 5 8 7 .5 2 5 9 0 .9 5 6 0 7 .6 0 P ro fe s sio n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e rv ic e s ....................... E d u c a tio n a n d health s e r v ic e s ............................ 4 9 2 .7 4 5 0 5 .7 6 5 0 8 .0 3 5 0 5 .8 6 506.51 5 1 6 .3 3 5 1 2 .2 8 5 1 4 .8 6 5 1 9 .9 7 5 1 3 .2 7 5 1 6 .4 8 5 2 1 .6 0 5 2 0 .3 4 5 2 7 .7 9 5 3 3 .9 4 L e isu re a n d h o sp ita lity ................ 2 2 1 .2 6 2 2 4 .3 5 2 2 8 .2 8 2 2 2 .1 3 2 2 3 .8 9 2 2 6 .0 5 2 2 5 .2 9 2 2 1 .3 6 2 3 0 .1 4 2 2 5 .8 0 224.81 2 2 9 .2 2 2 2 7 .4 0 2 3 1 .1 8 2 3 3 .7 3 O th e r s e rv ic e s ................................| 4 3 9 .7 6 4 3 4 .4 9 4 3 3 .1 3 4 3 1 .1 8 431.31 4 3 4 .8 9 4 3 0 .2 8 4 2 9 .2 0 4 3 3 .6 8 4 2 8 .7 3 4 2 8 .5 8 4 3 5 .0 7 4 2 8 .4 2 4 3 0 .5 6 4 3 4 .4 4 1 D a ta re la te to p ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs in natura l re s o u rc e s a n d m in in g a n d m an u factu ring , c o n s tru c tio n w o rk e rs in co n s tru c tio n , a n d n o n s u p e rv is o ry w o rk e rs in th e s e rv ic e p ro v id in g in d u strie s . NOTE: 78 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 (SIC) sy s te m . N A iC S -b a se d d a ta b y in d u stry a re n o t c o m p a ra b le w ith s ic - b a s e d d a ta . S e e "N o te s o n th e d a ta " fo r a d e s c rip tio n o f th e m o s t re c e n t b e n c h m a rk re v isio n . D a ta re fle c t th e c o n v e rs io n to th e 2 0 0 2 v e rs io n o f th e N o rth A m e ric a n Monthly Labor Review Industry C la s s ific a tio n S y s te m (NAICS), re p la c in g th e S ta n d a rd In d ustrial C la s s if ic a t io n D a s h in d ic a te s d a ta not a v a ila b le . p = p re lim in a ry . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 17. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted [In percent] Jan. Timespan and year Mar. Feb. Apr. June May Aug. Sept. July Nov. Oct. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries O v e r 1- m o n th s p a n : 5 3 .8 2 0 0 0 ........................................................ 6 1 .9 6 2 .9 6 3 .3 5 9 .5 4 6 .9 6 1 .7 6 3.1 5 2 .5 5 1 .5 5 3 .4 5 6 .8 2 0 0 1 ........................................................ 5 2 .2 4 7 .8 5 0 .4 3 4 .4 4 1 .4 3 9 .2 3 7.1 3 8 .8 3 8 .3 3 2 .4 3 6 .7 3 4 .9 2 0 0 2 ........................................................ 4 0.1 35.1 4 1 .0 4 1 .5 4 1 .7 4 7 .8 4 4.1 4 4 .1 4 2 .8 3 9 .0 3 8 .7 3 4 .5 2 0 0 3 ........................................................ 4 1 .2 3 5.1 38.1 4 1 .4 4 2 .8 4 0.1 4 0 .5 3 9 .7 4 9 .3 4 6 .0 5 1.1 4 9.1 2 0 0 4 ........................................................ 5 2 .3 5 6.1 6 8 .7 6 7 .6 6 3 .8 60.1 4 9 .5 2 0 0 0 ........................................................ 6 9 .2 6 6 .2 6 7 .8 6 8 .3 6 0.1 58.1 5 6 .3 6 1 .5 5 6 .5 5 3 .2 5 2 .9 5 6 .8 2 0 0 1 ........................................................ 5 2 .7 5 0 .4 5 0 .4 4 3 .5 3 8 .8 3 4 .9 3 6 .2 3 7 .9 3 4 .7 3 5 .3 3 0 .8 3 2 .0 O v e r 3 - m o n th s p a n : 2 0 0 2 ........................................................ 3 4 .0 3 7 .4 3 5.1 3 6 .2 3 6 .7 3 9 .4 3 9 .9 4 0 .8 3 8 .7 3 7.1 3 4 .4 3 4 .7 2 0 0 3 ........................................................ 3 6 .5 3 2 .6 3 6 .3 3 5.1 4 0 .5 4 2 .6 3 7 .4 3 5 .4 4 0.1 4 5 .5 5 0 .5 5 1.1 2 0 0 4 ........................................................ 5 4 .0 5 5 .2 6 2 .8 7 0 .0 7 4 .5 6 9.1 6 1 .0 2 0 0 0 ........................................................ 6 7 .3 6 9.1 7 5 .2 7 2 .5 6 7 .4 6 7 .8 6 6 .7 6 0 .8 5 9 .0 5 5 .0 5 9 .7 5 4 .0 2 0 0 1 ........................................................ 5 1 .8 5 0 .0 5 1 .8 4 7 .3 4 3 .5 4 1 .5 3 8.1 3 5 .4 3 2 .2 3 3.1 3 1 .5 3 1.1 O v e r 6 - m o n th s p a n : 2 0 0 2 ........................................................ 2 9 .5 3 0 .0 3 1.1 3 1.1 3 1 .7 3 7.1 3 7 .2 3 9 .0 3 4 .7 3 6 .5 3 5 .3 3 3 .3 2 0 0 3 ........................................................ 3 3 .6 3 1.1 3 1 .7 3 1 .7 3 3 .5 3 7 .8 3 6 .2 3 6 .5 4 0 .5 3 9 .4 4 2 .6 4 1 .7 2 0 0 4 ........................................................ 4 8 .9 54.1 5 9 .6 6 4 .7 6 7 .8 6 8 .9 6 8 .7 2 0 0 0 ........................................................ 7 0 .9 6 9 .2 7 3 .2 7 1 .0 6 9 .8 7 1 .0 7 0 .0 7 0 .3 7 0 .3 6 5 .6 6 3 .8 6 2.1 2 0 0 1 ........................................................ 5 9 .5 5 9 .5 5 3 .4 4 9 .3 4 8 .6 4 5 .0 4 3 .3 4 3 .9 3 9 .9 3 7 .8 3 7.1 3 4 .9 2 0 0 2 ........................................................ 3 3 .6 3 1 .7 3 0 .2 3 0 .4 3 0 .2 2 9.1 3 2 .0 3 1 .3 3 0 .0 2 9 .5 3 2 .9 3 4 .7 2 0 0 3 ........................................................ 3 4 .5 3 1 .5 3 2 .9 3 3 .5 3 6 .2 3 4 .4 3 4 .7 3 3.1 3 7 .6 3 7 .4 3 3.1 3 5 .4 2 0 0 4 ........................................................ 3 7 .8 4 3 .2 4 7 .3 5 0 .7 5 4 .9 6 0.1 6 2 .8 O v e r 1 2 - m o n th s p a n : Manufacturing payrolls, 84 Industries O v e r 1-m o n th s p a n : 2 0 0 0 ........................................................ 4 8 .2 5 8 .3 5 0 .0 5 0 .0 4 1.1 57.1 6 0 .7 2 8 .6 2 5 .0 3 5.1 3 9 .9 4 1.1 2 0 0 1 ........................................................ 2 2 .6 2 2 .0 2 1 .4 16.1 1 5 .5 2 3 .2 1 3 .7 1 4 .3 1 9 .0 1 7 .9 1 4 .9 10.1 2 0 0 2 ........................................................ 2 1 .4 1 8 .5 2 3 .8 3 5.1 2 9 .8 3 2 .7 4 0 .5 2 8 .0 3 1 .0 1 1 .9 1 5 .5 1 7 .9 2 0 0 3 ........................................................ 2 6 .2 1 5 .5 2 2 .6 1 3 .7 2 6 .2 2 5 .0 2 8 .0 2 6 .2 2 7 .4 2 8 .6 5 1 .2 4 5 .8 2 0 0 4 ........................................................ 4 2 .9 5 5 .4 6 0.1 66.1 6 4 .9 5 1 .2 5 4 .2 2 0 0 0 ........................................................ 5 3 .6 5 3 .6 5 6 .0 5 4 .8 4 4 .0 4 4 .0 5 1 .2 4 7 .6 3 2 .7 2 5 .0 2 3 .2 3 8 .7 2 0 0 1 ........................................................ 3 5 .7 2 1 .4 16.1 1 4 .3 13.1 1 3 .7 1 1 .9 8 .9 8 .3 13.1 8 .9 10.1 2 0 0 2 ...................................................... 9 .5 10.1 1 1 .3 1 7 .9 1 7 .3 1 9 .0 2 8 .0 2 2 .0 2 3 .8 1 5 .5 6 .5 4 .8 2 0 0 3 ...................................................... 1 3 .7 13.1 1 6 .7 10.1 13.1 1 4 .9 16.1 16.1 16.1 2 4 .4 2 7 .4 4 1 .7 2 0 0 4 ...................................................... 4 8 .8 5 1 .8 5 9 .5 66.1 7 1 .4 6 5 .5 6 0.1 O v e r 3 -m o n th s p a n : O v e r 6 - m o n th s p a n : 2 0 0 0 ....................................................... 4 4 .0 5 2 .4 5 5 .4 5 7 .7 4 7 .6 5 1 .8 5 6 .0 4 5 .2 3 9 .3 3 4 .5 3 2.1 2 7 .4 2 0 0 1 ...................................................... 2 2 .0 2 3 .8 2 2 .0 2 0 .8 1 4 .3 1 3 .7 1 4 .3 10.1 1 0 .7 5 .4 7.1 4 .8 2 0 0 2 ...................................................... 6 .5 8 .9 7 .7 8 .3 7 .7 1 4 .3 1 4 .9 1 0 .7 1 2 .5 10.1 8 .9 8 .9 2 0 0 3 ....................................................... 1 1 .3 9 .5 6 .0 7.1 8 .9 13.1 8 .9 13.1 13.1 1 6 .7 1 9 .0 1 9 .6 2 0 0 4 ....................................................... 2 8 .6 3 6 .9 4 6 .4 5 6 .5 6 1 .3 6 1 .9 6 6 .7 O v e r 1 2 - m o n th s p a n : 2 0 0 0 ...................................................... 4 1 .7 3 9 .3 4 7 .0 5 0 .0 4 6 .4 5 2 .4 5 1 .8 4 9 .4 46.^ 4 0 .5 3 5.1 3 3 .3 2 0 0 1 ...................................................... 2 9 .8 3 2.1 2 0 .8 1 9 .0 13.1 1 2 .5 1 0 .7 1 1 .9 1 1 .9 10.1 8 .3 6 .0 2 0 0 2 ...................................................... 7.1 6 .0 6 .0 6 .5 7.1 3 .6 4 .8 6 .0 4 .8 7.1 4 .8 8 .3 2 0 0 3 ...................................................... 1 0 .7 6 .0 6 .5 5 .4 8 .3 9 ,5 9 .5 9 .5 1 0 .7 1 1 .9 9 .5 1 1 .3 1 9 .0 1 6 .7 2 6 .2 2 9 .8 3 8 .7 5 0 .0 2 0 0 4 ...................................................... 9 .5 | N O T E : F ig u r e s a r e th e p e r c e n t o f in d u s t r ie s w ith e m p lo y m e n t S e e th e " D e fin itio n s " in th is s e c t io n . in c r e a s in g fo r a d e s c r ip t io n o f th e m o s t r e c e n t b e n c h m a r k r e v is io n , p lu s o n e - h a lf o f th e in d u s t r ie s w ith u n c h a n g e d S e e " N o t e s o n th e d a t a ” e m p lo y m e n t , w h e r e 5 0 p e r c e n t in d ic a t e s a n e q u a l b a la n c e b e tw e e n in d u s t r ie s w ith in c r e a s in g and d e c r e a s in g D a ta fo r th e tw o m ost re ce n t m o n th s are p r e lim in a r y , e m p lo y m e n t. Monthly Labor Review October 2004 79 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 18. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates 2004 Feb. T o t a l2................................................. Mar. Apr. 2004 May June July Aug.p Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug.p 2 ,9 0 6 3 ,0 7 9 3 ,1 3 5 3 ,1 0 5 3 ,0 2 2 3 ,2 3 7 3 ,1 9 1 2 .2 2 .3 2 .3 2 .3 2 .3 2 .4 2 .4 2 ,5 3 4 2 ,7 4 0 2 ,7 7 8 2 ,7 4 6 2 ,6 4 0 2 ,8 9 4 2 ,8 5 4 2 .3 2 .5 2 .5 2 .4 2 .3 2 .6 2 .5 99 113 105 108 94 88 118 1 .4 1 .6 1 .5 1 .5 1 .3 1 .3 1 .7 M a n u f a c t u r in g ......................................... 226 232 2 51 244 247 240 233 1 .6 1 .6 1 .7 1 .7 1 .7 1 .6 1 .6 T r a d e , tr a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u tilitie s ......... 458 524 531 521 503 567 537 1 .8 2 .0 2 .0 2 .0 1 .9 2 .2 2.1 3 .5 In d u s try T o ta l p r iv a t e 2............................................... C o n s t r u c t io n .............................................. P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s . . . . 4 91 502 518 530 494 583 601 2 .9 3 .0 3.1 3.1 2 .9 3 .4 E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s ............... 5 51 559 576 542 496 537 533 3 .2 3 .2 3 .3 3.1 2 .9 3.1 3 .0 L e is u r e a n d h o s p it a lit y .............................. 383 370 376 391 421 435 413 3 .0 2 .9 3 .0 3.1 3 .3 3 .4 3 .2 364 353 354 360 380 343 340 1 .7 1 .6 1 .6 1 .6 1 ..7 1 .6 1 .6 G o v e r n m e n t ............................................ R e g io n 3 N o r t h e a s t ........................................ S o u t h ..................................................... 1 500 569 560 526 546 545 545 2 .0 2 .2 2 .2 2 .0 2.1 2.1 2.1 1 ,1 1 2 1 ,1 7 6 1,19 1 1 ,1 6 4 1 ,1 6 4 1 ,2 8 0 1 ,2 9 0 2 .4 2 .5 2 .5 2 .5 2 .4 2 .7 2 .7 M id w e s t ........................................... 680 663 692 688 631 635 598 2 .2 2.1 2 .2 2 .2 2 .0 2 .0 1 .9 W e s t .................................................. 632 655 694 765 677 738 761 2 .2 2 .2 2 .4 2 .6 2 .3 2 .5 2 .6 D e ta il w ill n o t n e c e s s a r ily a d d to to ta ls b e c a u s e o f th e In d e p e n d e n t s e a s o n a l W est a d ju s t m e n t o f th e v a r io u s s e r ie s . 2 I n c lu d e s n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g , I n fo rm a tio n , fin a n c ia l a c tiv itie s , a n d o t h e r C a lif o r n ia , s e r v ic e s , n o t s h o w n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 Y o rk , D e la w a r e , P e n n s y lv a n ia , M id w e st: Illin o is, In d ia n a , Io w a , K ansas, M ic h ig a n , M in n e s o t a C o lo r a d o , H a w a ii, Id a h o , M o n ta n a , N evada, N ew M e x ic o , O re g o n , Rhode D is t r ic t o f C o lu m b ia , Is la n d , NOTE: F lo r id a , G e o r g ia , T h e jo b o p e n in g s le v e l is th e n u m b e r o f jo b o p e n in g s o n th e la s t b u s in e s s d a y oi S o u th : A la b a m a , A rk a n sa s, th e m o n th ; th e jo b o p e n in g s ra te is th e n u m b e r o f jo b o p e n in g s o n th e la s t b u s in e s s d a y ot K e n tu c k y , L o u is ia n a , M a r y la n d , th e m o n th a s a p e r c e n t o f to ta l e m p lo y m e n t p lu s jo b o p e n in g s . V e rm o n t; p = p r e lim in a r y . M is s is s ip p i, N o r th C a r o lin a , O k la h o m a , S o u t h C a r o lin a , T e n n e s s e e , T e x a s , V ir g in ia , 19. Hires levels and rates by Industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands] Industry and region Rates 2004 Feb. T o t a l2................................................................. Mar. Apr. May 2004 June July Aug.p Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug.p 4 ,1 0 3 4 ,6 0 3 4 ,3 9 8 4 ,2 0 6 4 ,4 3 3 4 ,2 2 9 4 ,3 5 8 T o ta l p r iv a t e 2..................................................... 3 ,7 7 2 4 ,2 5 6 4 ,0 9 0 3 ,9 3 8 4 ,1 1 0 3 ,9 3 0 4 ,0 5 8 3 .5 3 .9 3 .7 3 .6 3 .7 3 .6 3 .7 C o n s t r u c t io n ................................................. 382 437 421 406 436 368 399 5 .6 6 .4 6.1 5 .9 6 .3 5 .3 5 .8 2 .4 3 .2 3 .5 3 .4 3 .2 3 .4 3 .2 3 .3 In d u s try M a n u f a c t u r in g .......................................... 355 361 354 336 370 352 339 2 .5 2 .5 2 .5 2 .3 2 .6 2 .4 T r a d e , t r a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u t ilitie s ......... 945 1 ,0 0 9 1 ,0 3 2 938 945 957 999 3 .7 4 .0 4.1 3 .7 3 .7 3 .8 3 .9 P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s . . . . 529 713 609 631 692 621 693 3 .3 4 .4 3 .7 3 .8 4 .2 3 .8 4 .2 E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s ............... 447 444 460 4 51 428 418 478 2 .7 2 .6 2 .7 2 .7 2 .5 2 .5 2 .8 L e is u r e a n d h o s p it a lit y ............................... 766 810 766 739 749 760 741 6 .3 6 .6 6 .2 6 .0 6.1 6 .2 6 .0 323 343 300 272 328 310 308 1 .5 1 .6 1 .4 1 .3 1 .5 1 .4 1 .4 2 .9 G o v e r n m e n t ............................................ R e g io n 3 N o r t h e a s t .................................................... 689 744 810 708 703 720 735 2 .8 3 .0 3 .2 2 .8 2 .8 2 .9 1 ,6 0 8 1,781 1 ,5 8 2 1 ,6 0 6 1 ,7 0 9 1 ,6 4 0 1 ,6 4 3 3 .5 3 .9 3 .4 3 .5 3 .7 3 .5 3 .5 M id w e s t ............................................. 953 1 ,0 4 0 991 956 1 ,0 0 9 935 955 3.1 3 .4 3 .2 3.1 3 .2 3 .0 3.1 W e s t .................................................. 876 1 ,0 2 9 1 ,0 9 3 951 1 ,0 2 3 685 1 ,0 2 0 3.1 3 .6 3 .8 3 .3 3 .6 3 .0 3 .6 M id w e st: Illin o is, S o u t h ....................................................... D e ta il w ill n o t n e c e s s a r ily add to to ta ls because o f th e in d e p e n d e n t s e a s o n a l a d ju s t m e n t o f th e v a r io u s s e r ie s . 2 I n d ia n a , Io w a , Kansas, M ic h ig a n , N e b r a s k a , N o rth D a k o t a , O h io , S o u t h D a k o t a , W is c o n s in ; I n c lu d e s n a tu r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g , in fo r m a tio n , f in a n c ia l a c tiv itie s , a n d o t h e r s e r v ic e s , n o t s h o w n s e p a r a t e ly . M in n e s o t a , M is s o u r i, W e s t: A la s k a , A r iz o n a , C a lif o r n ia , C o lo r a d o , H a w a ii, Id a h o , M o n t a n a , N e v a d a , N e w M e x ic o , O r e g o n , U ta h , W a s h in g to n , W y o m in g . 3 N o rth e a s t: C o n n e c t ic u t , M a in e , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , N e w H a m p s h ir e , N e w J e r s e y , N e w Y o r k , P e n n s y lv a n ia , R h o d e Is la n d , V e r m o n t ; D is t r ic t o f C o lu m b ia , F lo r id a , G e o r g ia , S o u t h : A la b a m a , A r k a n s a s , D e la w a r e , K e n tu c k y , L o u is ia n a , M a r y la n d , M is s is s ip p i, N o rth C a r o lin a , O k la h o m a , S o u t h C a r o lin a , T e n n e s s e e , T e x a s , V ir g in ia , W e s t V ir g in ia ; 80 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis U ta h W a s h in g to n , W y o m in g . N o rth e a s t: C o n n e c t ic u t , M a in e , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , N e w H a m p s h ir e , N e w J e r s e y , N ew V ir g in ia ; M is s o u r i, N e b r a s k a , N o rth D a k o t a , O h io , S o u t h D a k o t a , W is c o n s in ; W e s t: A la s k a , A r iz o n a October 2004 NOTE: T h e h ir e s le v e l is th e n u m b e r o f h ir e s d u r in g th e e n t ir e m o n th ; th e h ir e s ra te is th e n u m b e r o f h ir e s d u r in g th e e n t ir e m o n th a s a p e r c e n t o f to ta l e m p lo y m e n t . p = D re lim in a rv . 20. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Rates Levels1(in thousands) 2004 2004 Industry and region May Apr. Mar. Feb. June July Aug.p 3.1 July June May Apr Mar. Feb. Aug.p 3 .2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 4 ,0 7 3 4 ,1 3 4 4 ,0 8 8 4 ,0 4 0 4 ,0 6 9 4 ,0 7 4 4 ,0 6 0 3 ,8 0 7 3 ,8 6 8 3 ,8 4 3 3 ,7 6 1 3 ,7 8 9 3 ,7 9 3 3 ,8 4 3 3 .5 3 .5 3 .5 3 .4 3 .5 3 .5 3 .5 400 392 391 367 382 364 394 5 .9 5 .7 5 .7 5 .3 5 .5 5 .3 5 .7 367 364 2 .5 2 .6 2 .5 2 .6 2 .4 2 .5 2 .5 In d u s try T o t a l p r iv a t e 2....................................................... M a n u f a c t u r in g .............................................. 355 377 353 377 343 899 978 1 ,0 1 3 917 927 972 952 3 .5 3 .8 4 .0 3 .6 3 .6 3 .8 3 .7 T r a d e , tr a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u tilitie s ......... 556 607 613 584 3 .6 3 .7 3 .7 3 .4 3.7 3 .7 3 .5 P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s . . . . 590 597 606 388 382 386 379 362 363 378 2 .3 2 .3 2 .3 2 .2 2.1 2.1 2 .2 E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s ............... 727 715 679 696 734 694 724 5 .9 5 .8 5 .5 5 .6 5 .9 5 .6 5 .9 273 225 1.2 1 .3 1.1- 1 .2 1 .3 1 .3 1 .0 2 .8 G o v e r n m e n t ........................................................ 268 284 245 268 270 688 666 716 648 704 674 717 2 .8 2 .7 2 .9 2 .6 2 .8 2 .7 1 ,5 0 0 3 .3 3 .5 3 .3 3 .2 3 .3 3 .3 3 .2 R e g io n 3 S o u t h .............................................................. 1 ,4 9 9 1 ,6 1 2 1 ,5 2 4 1 ,5 0 4 1 ,5 3 3 1 ,5 4 5 929 938 877 833 853 935 827 3 .0 3 .0 2 .8 2 .7 2 .7 3 .0 2 .7 941 1 ,0 0 3 959 1 ,0 0 8 979 945 1,04 1 3 .3 3 .5 3 .4 3 .5 3 .4 3 .3 3 .6 W e s t ................................................................ 1 D e t a il w ill n o t n e c e s s a r ily a d d to to ta ls b e c a u s e o f th e in d e p e n d e n t s e a s o n a l a d ju s t m e n t N o rth o f th e v a r io u s s e r ie s . 2 I n c lu d e s n a tu ra l re so u rc e s and m in in g , in fo rm a tio n , fin a n c ia l a c tiv itie s , and o th e r Y o rk , C o n n e c t ic u t , M a in e , P e n n s y lv a n ia , Rhode D is t r ic t o f C o lu m b ia , Illin o is, D a k o ta , I n d ia n a , O h io , S o u th Io w a , K a n s a s , M ic h ig a n , M in n e s o t a , M is s o u r i, N e b r a s k a , D a k o ta , W is c o n s in ; W e s t: A la s k a , A r iz o n a , C a lif o r n ia , C o lo r a d o , H a w a ii, Id a h o , M o n t a n a , N e v a d a , N e w M e x ic o , O r e g o n , U ta h , W a s h in g t o n , W y o m in g . s e r v ic e s , n o t s h o w n s e p a r a te ly . 3 N o rth e a s t: M id w e st: M a ss a c h u s e tts , N e w Is la n d , F lo r id a , V e rm o n t; G e o r g ia , S o u th : K e n tu c k y , H a m p s h ir e , N e w A la b a m a , L o u is ia n a , J e rse y , N ew A rk a n sa s, M a r y la n d , D e la w a r e , NOTE: T h e to ta l s e p a r a t io n s le v e l is th e n u m b e r o f to ta l s e p a r a t io n s d u r in g th e e n tir e m o n th ; th e to ta l s e p a r a t io n s ra te is th e n u m b e r o f to ta l s e p a r a t io n s d u r in g th e e n tir e M is s is s ip p i, m o n th a s a p e r c e n t o f to ta l e m p lo y m e n t . N o r t h C a r o lin a , O k la h o m a , S o u t h C a r o lin a , T e n n e s s e e , T e x a s , V ir g in ia , W e s t V ir g in ia ; p = p re lim in a r y . 21. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Rates Levels1 (in thousands) 2004 2004 Feb. T o t a l2............................................................................ June May Apr. Mar. July Aug.p 2 ,2 8 4 2 ,2 6 5 2 ,2 2 9 June May Apr. Mar. Feb. 1 .7 1.7 1 .7 July Augp 1 .7 1 .7 1 .7 1 .7 2 ,1 7 8 2 ,2 7 1 2 ,2 7 8 2 ,1 7 3 2 ,0 5 1 2 ,1 4 4 2 ,1 5 1 2 ,0 2 6 2 ,1 6 2 2 ,1 4 1 2 ,1 2 2 1 .9 2 .0 2 .0 1 .9 2 .0 2 .0 1 .9 149 144 156 101 144 2 .0 2 .3 2 .2 2.1 2 .3 1 .5 2.1 1.1 In d u s try T o ta l p r iv a t e 2....................................................... C o n s t r u c t io n .................................................. 133 154 169 176 189 171 171 174 157 1 .2 1 .2 1 .3 1 .2 1 .2 1 .2 M a n u f a c t u r in g .............................................. 530 563 525 536 559 552 1 .9 2.1 2 .2 2.1 2.1 2 .2 T r a d e , tr a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u tilit ie s ......... 493 P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s . . . . 302 309 323 259 322 322 309 1.9 1.9 2 .0 1 .6 2 .0 2 .0 234 252 245 223 225 271 238 1 .4 1 .5 1 .5 1 .3 1 .3 1.6 1 .4 E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s ............... 455 480 442 465 3 .7 3 .8 3 .5 3 .7 3 .9 3 .6 3 .8 126 111 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 1 .9 L e is u r e a n d h o s p ita lit y .............................. 447 465 429 G o v e r n m e n t ........................................................ 126 129 129 129 123 319 314 390 318 334 338 337 1 .3 1 .3 1.6 1 .3 1 .3 1 .3 1 .3 880 1.9 2.1 1.9 1 .8 2 .0 1.9 1 .9 R e g io n 3 867 957 888 857 910 901 455 474 479 479 485 505 453 1 .5 1 .5 1 .5 1 .5 1 .6 1.6 1 .5 565 524 521 573 519 552 1 .8 2 .0 1 .8 1 .8 2 .0 1 .8 1 .9 Io w a , Kansas, 520 W e s t ................................................................ 1 D e t a il w ill n o t n e c e s s a r ily a d d to to ta ls b e c a u s e o f th e in d e p e n d e n t s e a s o n a l a d ju s t m e n t I n c lu d e s n a tu r a l re so u rc e s and m in in g , in fo r m a tio n , fin a n c ia l a c tiv itie s , and o th e r N o rth e a s t: C o n n e c t ic u t , M a in e , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , N e w Y o rk , P e n n s y lv a n ia , D is t r ic t o f C o lu m b ia , Rhode F lo r id a , Is la n d , V e rm o n t; G e o r g ia , S o u th : K e n tu c ky , H a m p s h ir e , N e w A la b a m a , L o u is ia n a , J e rse y , N ew A rk a n sa s, M a r y la n d , N o rth C a r o lin a , O k la h o m a , S o u t h C a r o lin a , T e n n e s s e e , T e x a s , V ir g in ia , https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis In d ia n a , M ic h ig a n , M in n e s o t a , M is s o u r i, W e s t: A la s k a , A r iz o n a , C a lif o r n ia , C o lo r a d o , H a w a ii, Id a h o , M o n t a n a , N e v a d a , N e w M e x ic o , O r e g o n , U ta h , W a s h in g to n , W y o m in g . s e r v ic e s , n o t s h o w n s e p a r a te ly . 3 Illin o is, N e b r a s k a , N o rth D a k o t a , O h io , S o u t h D a k o t a , W is c o n s in ; o f th e v a r io u s s e r ie s . 2 M id w e st: D e la w a r e , N O T E : T h e q u its le v e l is th e n u m b e r o f q u its d u r in g th e e n t ir e m o n th ; th e q u its ra te is th e n u m b e r o f q u its d u r in g th e e n tir e m o n th a s a p e r c e n t o f to ta l e m p lo y m e n t . M is s is s ip p i, W e s t V ir g in ia ; p = p re lim in a r y . Monthly Labor Review October 2004 81 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 22. Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages: 10 largest counties, fourth quarter 2003. C o u n ty b y N A IC S su p e rs e c to r E s t a b lis h m e n t s , fo u rth q u a rte r 2003 ( th o u s a n d s ) A v e r a g e w e e k ly w a g e 1 P e rc e n t c h a n g e , F o u rth P e rc e n t c h a n g e , 2003 D ecem ber 2002-032 q u a rte r 2003 fo u rth q u a rte r 200 2 -03 2 (th o u s a n d s ) U n it e d S t a t e s 3 ................................................ 8 ,3 1 4 .1 1 2 9 ,3 4 1 .5 P r iv a t e in d u s t r y ......................................... 0.0 $767 8 ,0 4 8 .7 1 0 8 ,2 1 5 .1 N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g ......... C o n s t r u c t io n .......................................... M a n u f a c tu r in g ...................................... 1 ,5 5 7 .8 .0 .1 1.2 769 1 2 3 .7 8 0 4 .9 703 837 3 .6 3 .9 4 .9 2 .3 6 .7 3 .4 6 ,6 8 9 .5 1 4 ,3 0 7 .8 -4 .2 943 2 5 ,9 5 7 .3 3 ,1 6 5 .9 7 ,8 7 4 .7 -.3 -4 .0 1.2 665 1 ,1 3 9 1 ,1 3 8 5 .9 1 6 ,1 1 3 .2 .6 945 3 .8 6 6 9 .9 1 ,0 8 0 .6 1 5 ,9 7 4 .0 1 2 ,0 4 2 .8 4 ,2 7 4 .1 2.1 1 .7 3 .8 3 .4 2 6 5 .3 2 1 ,1 2 6 .3 -.1 -.2 731 335 494 3 5 6 .0 3 5 2 .2 4 .2 4 .2 M a n u f a c tu r in g ....................................... -.5 -.2 .7 -1.1 -7.1 903 898 .6 1 2 .9 1 7 .8 4 ,0 7 5 .3 3 ,4 8 6 .3 1 1 .0 1 3 3 .9 4 8 5 .2 955 883 900 1 6 .9 1 .7 T r a d e , tr a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u tilitie s ... In fo rm a tio n .............................................. 5 3 .9 9 .2 7 9 4 .6 1 9 4 .9 -1 .2 -2 .0 735 1 ,6 2 7 F in a n c ia l a c t i v i t i e s ................................ P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s ......... L e is u r e a n d h o s p ita lit y ........................ O t h e r s e r v i c e s ........................................ G o v e r n m e n t ................................................ 2 3 .0 4 0.1 2 6 .6 2 5 .6 142.1 3 .8 2 3 7 .9 5 7 5 .0 4 5 6 .5 3 7 5 .9 2 2 0 .7 5 8 9 .0 .9 1 .6 1 .9 5 .6 1 ,2 5 8 1 ,0 4 3 820 766 422 930 C o o k , I L .............................................................. 1 2 6 .7 P r iv a t e in d u s t r y .......................................... 1 2 5 .5 .1 T r a d e , tr a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u tilitie s .. In fo rm a tio n ............................................. F in a n c ia l a c t i v i t i e s ............................... P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s ........ L e is u r e a n d h o s p ita lit y ....................... O t h e r s e r v i c e s ...................................... G o v e r n m e n t ................................................ L o s A n g e le s , C A ............................................ P r iv a t e in d u s t r y .......................................... N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g .......... C o n s t r u c t io n .......................................... . N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g .......... C o n s t r u c t io n ........................................... 3 7 6 .8 1 ,8 5 3 .6 1 4 5 .2 7 6 7 .0 1 ,3 2 9 .4 7 3 2 .2 M a n u f a c tu r in g ........................................ 1 0 .5 7 .9 T r a d e , tr a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u tilitie s ... In fo rm a tio n .............................................. 2 6 .7 3 .5 -2 .3 3 .0 3 .2 2 6 5 .7 4 9 9 .4 6 6.1 2 1 9 .4 -5.1 -.8 -4.1 975 753 1 ,1 6 4 1 ,47 1 1 ,2 0 6 791 375 655 8 71 6 .3 .4 .1 8.1 4.1 1 2 .6 1 .2 9 5.1 3 1 7 .9 -2 .0 -3.1 1 1 1 .9 2 ,2 5 3 .6 1 ,8 0 0 .4 .1 3 0 .0 -1 .0 T r a d e , t r a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u tilitie s ... In fo rm a tio n .............................................. F in a n c ia l a c t i v i t i e s ................................ P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s .......... L e is u r e a n d h o s p ita lit y ........................ O t h e r s e r v i c e s ........................................ G o v e r n m e n t ................................................ H a r r is , T X .......................................................... P r iv a t e in d u s t r y ........................................... N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g ........... C o n s t r u c t io n ............................................ M a n u f a c tu r in g ........................................ T r a d e , t r a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u tilitie s .... In fo rm a tio n ............................................... F in a n c ia l a c t i v i t i e s ................................. P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s . E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s .......... L e is u r e a n d h o s p ita lit y ......................... O t h e r s e r v i c e s ......................................... G o v e r n m e n t ................................................. 2 2 .6 4 6 .6 2 4 7 .6 1 3 0 .6 3 5 2 .0 4 3 9 .7 7 .8 10.1 1 6 .0 .2 2 7 3 .8 1 8 8 .2 8 2 .9 4 5 3 .2 8 9 .4 1 ,8 4 1 .5 1 ,5 9 5 .2 8 9 .0 1 .2 6 .3 4 .7 2 1.1 1 .4 6 2 .5 1 3 5 .5 1 6 4 .0 4 0 3 .2 3 3 .8 -6 .5 3 .4 -4 .9 -1 .2 -5.1 -2 .0 1 ,2 9 0 1 ,1 6 4 1,75 1 3 ,0 3 4 6 .4 5 .5 7 .9 16.1 .5 2 .4 .4 -1.1 -2 .2 1 ,7 0 2 2 .6 918 787 8 71 912 7 .6 6.1 6.1 .1 906 929 2.1 2 ,1 8 5 919 1 ,1 0 6 821 -.9 2 .6 2 .3 1.0 .4 -.9 -1 .2 8 .7 -5 .0 -4 .9 -2.1 - 3 .9 1 .7 - 1 .7 1 13 .1 2 7 9 .0 1 8 8 .3 1 5 5 .2 5 6 .3 1.5 .7 -3.1 1.1 759 3.1 (4 ) 2 .2 757 4 .0 3 .9 4 .4 2 4 6 .3 P r iv a t e in d u s t r y ........................................... 8 0 .5 .5 8 .4 1 ,4 0 1 .8 9 .8 3 .3 1 8 .6 1 2 8 .0 3 3 6 .4 1 .6 9 .5 18.1 3 6 .6 1 3 3 .3 2 6 1 .5 1 .5 -4.1 1 .5 4 .2 7 .6 1 6 0 .5 1 5 5 .8 4 4 .7 2 1 9 .4 5 .6 .8 -2 .6 1 .6 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 2.1 1 7 .0 8 .8 6 .5 1 0 .3 1 ,6 2 1 .2 S e e fo o t n o te s a t e n d o f ta b le . 1 ,0 9 8 1 ,18 1 7 .2 8.1 9 .7 8 0 .9 F in a n c ia l a c t i v i t i e s .................................. P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s . E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s .......... L e is u r e a n d h o s p ita lit y ......................... O t h e r s e r v i c e s ......................................... G o v e r n m e n t ................................................. 3 .7 -.3 3 .0 .9 1 ,4 8 0 1 ,6 2 3 1 ,1 9 7 1 ,5 6 7 .4 T r a d e , tr a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u tilitie s .... In fo rm a tio n ............................................... 3 .2 -.8 -.6 .0 -4 .5 M a r ic o p a , A Z ..................................................... N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g ........... C o n s t r u c t io n ............................................ M a n u f a c tu r in g ......................................... 5 .0 3 .3 922 929 1 ,0 3 7 1 ,1 6 9 O t h e r s e r v i c e s ........................................ G o v e r n m e n t ................................................ 3 .5 2 2.1 4 .3 1 6 .7 7 .0 3 .7 3 .9 6 .5 -1 .2 -.9 -.8 - 1 .3 1 .0 2 .8 M a n u f a c tu r in g ........................................ 6 .5 2 .7 5 .2 -3 .6 .0 4 0 5 .5 3 5 0 .8 2 1 7 .7 1 1 1 .7 .0 2 .2 3.1 2 .4 1 .3 9 6 .7 F in a n c ia l a c t i v i t i e s ................................ P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s ......... L e is u r e a n d h o s p ita lit y ........................ N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g .......... C o n s t r u c t io n ........................................... 757 3 .9 2 ,5 3 9 .8 2 ,2 2 1 .9 2 .5 1 3 .8 2 6.1 1 2 .3 1 0 .5 N e w Y o r k , N Y ................................................... P r iv a t e in d u s t r y .......................................... 82 E m p lo y m e n t D ecem ber 5 .6 5 .7 .5 1 3 1 .7 1 ,0 7 3 812 335 539 755 - 2 .6 5 .9 545 779 - 2 .5 1 ,0 5 0 712 872 933 776 842 364 500 766 4 .9 3 .2 1 .8 -.9 .4 2.1 8 .2 3 .2 .5 3 .7 3 .5 5 .0 2 .8 2 .2 3 .7 22. Continued— Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages: 10 largest counties, fourth quarter 2003. C o u n ty b y N A IC S s u p e rs e c to r fo u rth q u a rte r 2003 (th o u s a n d s ) A v e r a g e w e e k ly w a g e 1 E m p lo y m e n t E s t a b lis h m e n t s , D ecem ber 2003 (th o u s a n d s ) P e rc e n t c h a n g e , D ecem ber F o u rth P e rc e n t c h a n g e , q u a rte r fo u rth q u a rte r 2002-032 2003 2002-032 6 8 .6 1 ,4 5 0 .8 $952 4 .3 P r iv a t e in d u s tr y ........................................................................................ 6 8 .2 1 ,2 9 4 .6 - 1 .4 970 N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g ....................................................... .5 6 .8 -2 0 .5 2 ,6 8 0 4 .8 2 2 .7 C o n s t r u c t io n ......................................................................................... 4 .5 7 3 .0 -2 .2 909 5 .5 M a n u f a c tu r in g ..................................................................................... T r a d e , tr a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u t i l i t i e s ................................................ 3 .5 1 4 4 .9 -3.1 1 ,0 7 5 6 .8 1 5 .8 3 26 .1 -3 .3 898 5 .2 I n f o r m a t io n ........................................................................................... 1 .9 6 4 .0 -5.1 1 ,2 7 2 8 .7 F in a n c ia l a c t i v i t i e s .............................................................................. 8 .6 1 4 0 .0 1.2 1 ,2 1 5 2 .9 P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ............................................ 1 4 .0 6 .3 2 3 7 .7 1 3 1 .4 .0 2 .4 1 ,1 5 2 887 4 .2 E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s ...................................................... L e is u r e a n d h o s p ita lit y ..................................................................... 5 .2 1 2 7 .5 432 4 .3 O t h e r s e r v i c e s ..................................................................................... 6 .7 4 0 .5 .0 - 3 .4 587 2 .8 -1 .8 800 -.1 D a lla s , T X ....................................................................................................... - 1 .4 2 .7 G o v e r n m e n t .............................................................................................. .4 1 5 6 .2 O r a n g e , C A .................................................................................................... P r iv a t e in d u s t r y ........................................................................................ 8 8 .8 8 7 .4 1 ,4 3 6 .6 1 .3 874 5 .3 1 ,3 0 5 .5 2.1 875 5 .2 579 .2 N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g ....................................................... .3 6.1 8 .3 C o n s t r u c t io n ......................................................................................... 6 .4 8 5 .5 4 .4 969 5 .9 ..................................................................................... 6.1 1 7 9 .9 -3 .0 1 ,0 3 6 1 1 .4 T r a d e , t r a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u t i l i t i e s ................................................ 2 7 8 .8 2 .7 3 3 .8 .6 -4 .4 802 I n f o r m a t io n ........................................................................................... 1 7 .3 1 .5 1 ,1 5 2 5 .3 F in a n c ia l a c t i v i t i e s .............................................................................. 9 .7 1 2 7 .8 9 .9 1 ,3 5 4 6 .2 P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ............................................ 1 7 .4 2 6 1 .0 1.0 942 2 .8 E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s ...................................................... 9.1 1 2 6 .6 6.1 849 3 .7 2 .5 358 3 .8 518 3 .0 M a n u f a c tu r in g L e is u r e a n d h o s p ita lit y ..................................................................... 6 .6 1 5 9 .9 O t h e r s e r v i c e s ..................................................................................... 1 2 .9 4 6 .0 6 .3 G o v e r n m e n t .............................................................................................. 1 .4 131.1 - 5 .7 859 6 .0 1 .3 815 2 .6 2 .5 .............................................................................................. 8 5 .3 1 ,2 7 8 .2 P r iv a t e in d u s t r y ........................................................................................ 8 3 .9 1 ,0 6 0 .2 1 .5 809 N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g ....................................................... 1 1 .0 - 5 .4 4 91 C o n s t r u c t io n ......................................................................................... .9 6 .4 81.1 4 .7 869 .7 M a n u f a c tu r in g ..................................................................................... 3 .6 1 0 5 .4 -4 .2 1 ,1 2 9 1 1 .5 T r a d e , tr a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u t i l i t i e s ................................................ 1 4 .2 2 2 0 .4 2 .2 655 .9 In fo rm a tio n ........................................................................................... 1 .4 3 6 .7 -4 .5 1 ,5 8 2 -2 .0 .4 2 .8 S a n D ie g o , C A 1 .0 F in a n c ia l a c t i v i t i e s .............................................................................. 8 .8 8 1 .6 4 .8 1 ,0 5 8 P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ............................................ 1 4 .9 2 08 .1 1 .5 989 E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s ...................................................... 7 .6 1 2 2 .6 1 .6 778 5 .7 L e is u r e a n d h o s p ita lit y ..................................................................... 6 .5 1 4 1 .5 3 .5 346 2 .4 O t h e r s e r v i c e s ..................................................................................... G o v e r n m e n t .............................................................................................. 1 9 .5 5 1 .6 1 .8 449 2 .7 1 .3 2 1 8 .0 .1 843 2 .9 K in g , W A ......................................................................................................... P r iv a t e in d u s tr y ........................................................................................ 8 1 .6 1 ,1 0 0 .6 .2 935 .2 9 4 5 .5 .1 944 -.3 N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d m i n i n g ........................................................ 8 1 .0 .4 2 .8 - 1 1 .3 1 ,1 0 9 .8 C o n s t r u c t io n ......................................................................................... M a n u f a c tu r in g ..................................................................................... 6 .2 2 .7 5 3 .4 1 0 1 .9 T r a d e , tr a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u t i l i t i e s ................................................ 1 4 .8 9 21 1 ,1 7 6 804 1 .4 -2.1 2 .6 In fo rm a tio n ........................................................................................... 1 .5 2 2 5 .5 6 9 .2 -.4 -8 .2 1.1 - 1 5 .7 6.1 1 1 .7 7 7 .5 .8 2 .4 1 ,8 2 9 F in a n c ia l a c t i v i t i e s .............................................................................. P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ............................................ 1 ,1 1 4 3 .5 1 5 8 .3 .7 1 ,1 6 0 8 .4 E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s ...................................................... 1 0 8 .3 1 .5 746 4 .8 3 .7 .4 L e is u r e a n d h o s p ita lit y ..................................................................... 5 .9 5 .4 O t h e r s e r v i c e s ..................................................................................... 2 6 .4 1 0 0 .5 4 8.1 2 .9 1.2 390 463 G o v e r n m e n t .............................................................................................. .6 155.1 1.0 882 3 .6 3 .5 M ia m i- D a d e , F L ............................................................................................ P r iv a t e in d u s t r y ....................................................................................... 8 0 .2 9 8 0 .8 -.5 7 9 .9 N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g ....................................................... .5 8 2 7 .5 9 .9 -.7 - 1 .8 765 742 4 21 4 .9 2 .8 4 0 .7 4 9 .4 .3 -9 .8 788 695 2 3 .2 2 4 7 .2 -1 .7 -3 .2 689 C o n s t r u c t io n ......................................................................................... M a n u f a c tu r in g ..................................................................................... T r a d e , tr a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u t i l i t i e s ................................................ 3 .6 4 .0 2 .7 5 .8 4 .2 In fo rm a tio n ........................................................................................... 1 .7 990 1 .7 F in a n c ia l a c t i v i t i e s ............................................................................. P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ............................................ 8 .2 6 5 .5 .7 1 ,0 6 2 -1.1 1 5 .9 1 3 2 .0 -.2 948 5 .2 7 .8 5 .3 1 2 3 .4 9 2 .8 2.1 748 432 9 .9 7 .5 3 4 .5 -1 .8 450 3 .0 .3 1 5 3 .3 .5 886 2 .8 E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s ...................................................... L e is u r e a n d h o s p ita lit y ..................................................................... O t h e r s e r v i c e s .................................................................................... G o v e r n m e n t ............................................................................................ 2 8 .5 1 .4 2 .3 V ir g in I s la n d s . 1 A v e r a g e w e e k ly w a g e s w e r e c a lc u la t e d u s in g u n r o u n d e d d a ta . 2 P e r c e n t c h a n g e s w e r e c o m p u t e d fro m q u a r te r ly e m p lo y m e n t a n d p a y d a ta 4 D a t a d o n o t m e e t B L S o r S t a t e a g e n c y d is c lo s u r e s ta n d a r d s . a d ju s t e d fo r n o n e c o n o m ic c o u n ty r e c la s s if ic a t io n s . S e e N o t e s o n C u r r e n t L a b o r NOTE: S ta tis tic s . I n c lu d e s w o rk e rs co v e re d by U n e m p lo y m e n t In s u ra n c e (U l) and U n e m p lo y m e n t C o m p e n s a t io n fo r F e d e r a l E m p lo y e e s ( U C F E ) p r o g r a m s . D a t a a r e 3 T o t a ls fo r th e U n it e d S t a t e s d o n o t in c lu d e d a ta fo r P u e r to https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis R ic o o r th e p r e lim in a ry . Monthly Labor Review October 2004 83 Current Labor Statistics: 23. Labor Force Data Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages: by State, fourth quarter 2003. E m p lo y m e n t E s t a b lis h m e n t s , S ta te fo u rth q u a rte r P e rc e n t c h a n g e , F o u rth P e rc e n t c h a n g e , 2003 D ecem ber q u a rte r fo u rth q u a rte r (th o u s a n d s ) 2002-03 2003 2002-03 2003 ( th o u s a n d s ) U n it e d S t a t e s 2 ........ 8 ,3 1 4 .1 1 2 9 ,3 4 1 .5 0.0 $767 3 .6 A l a b a m a ................... 1 1 1 .8 1 ,8 3 8 .1 -.1 657 4 .0 A l a s k a ...................... . 2 0 .0 746 1.1 1 2 6 .9 2 8 2 .7 2 ,3 5 2 .1 1.1 A r i z o n a ...................... 2 .2 A r k a n s a s .................. 710 7 5 .2 1 ,1 3 3 .6 .5 C a l i f o r n i a .................. 587 3 .8 4.1 1 ,1 9 0 .8 1 4 ,9 2 2 .3 .0 C o lo r a d o .................. 869 3 .8 1 6 0 .0 2 ,1 3 4 .6 -1.1 C o n n e c t i c u t .............. 784 2 .0 1 ,6 4 8 .9 4 0 8 .4 -.7 D e l a w a r e .................. 109 .1 2 7.1 992 3 .8 .5 825 D is t r ic t o f C o lu m b ia F l o r i d a ........................ 5 .0 3 0 .0 5 0 4 .1 6 5 4 .8 -.4 1 ,2 3 8 3 .9 7 ,4 2 4 .5 .8 685 3 .8 G e o r g i a ..................... 2 4 5 .6 3 ,8 4 5 .6 .2 H a w a ii ........................ 734 2 .8 3 7 .4 5 8 3 .0 I d a h o .......................... I l l i n o i s ......................... 678 579 3 2 5 .7 5 7 7 .5 5 ,7 3 8 .7 1 .3 .6 3 .7 4 8 .5 -1 .2 I n d i a n a ....................... 827 152 .1 2 ,8 5 2 .2 -.3 Io w a ............................ 675 9 0 .6 1 ,4 1 8 .5 .0 K a n s a s ...................... 626 3 .5 4 .7 8 2 .2 1 ,2 9 8 .3 -.9 6 31 2 .8 1 .8 3 .2 K e n t u c k y ................... 1 0 5 .7 1 ,7 4 0 .6 .3 L o u i s i a n a ................... M a in e ......................... 645 3 .5 1 1 4 .0 4 7 .4 1 ,8 7 0 .9 5 9 5 .8 .5 .7 628 6 31 4 .6 3 .6 5 .2 2 .4 M a r y la n d ................... M a s s a c h u s e t t s ....... 1 5 0 .4 2 0 6 .6 2 ,4 6 6 .4 3 ,1 5 4 .6 .7 -1 .9 M i c h i g a n .................... 8 31 954 2 5 1 .3 4 ,3 6 5 .8 -1.1 M in n e s o t a ................ 1 5 9 .0 2 ,5 9 1 .9 M i s s i s s i p p i ................ 3 .9 3 .2 1 ,1 0 8 .1 M i s s o u r i ..................... 6 5 .6 1 6 5 .4 -.5 .4 806 777 559 3 .7 M o n t a n a .................... 4 2 .0 N e b r a s k a ................... 5 5 .3 N e v a d a ........................ 6 0 .3 N e w H a m p s h ir e ...... 4 7 .0 N e w J e r s e y ............... N e w M e x ic o .............. N e w Y o r k ................... N o r t h C a r o l i n a .......... 2 ,6 3 3 .6 -.7 676 2 .4 3 9 6 .6 8 8 4 .4 1.1 549 4 .0 .6 613 3 .2 1 ,1 1 1 .2 6 1 4 .9 4 .4 721 5.1 .6 788 4 .0 .1 945 612 4.1 2 6 8 .1 5 0 .4 3 ,9 1 2 .8 7 57 .1 5 5 0 .3 2 2 7 .8 8 ,3 7 9 .2 1 .4 3 .4 3 ,7 5 9 .6 -.4 -.1 679 3 1 7 .6 5 ,3 2 2 .4 .9 -.7 563 713 9 1 .6 1 ,4 2 3 .4 -1 .3 597 3 .8 4 .2 1 1 8 .8 1 ,5 7 9 .8 .2 694 3 .3 5 ,5 2 4 .5 -.2 1 .2 750 738 4 .7 4 8 0 .5 1 ,7 8 1 .0 .3 623 3.1 4.1 N o r th D a k o t a ............ O h io ............................. 2 9 4 .2 O k la h o m a ................... O r e g o n ........................ R h o d e I s l a n d ............. 3 2 6 .9 3 4 .7 S o u t h C a r o l i n a ......... 1 0 8 .4 P e n n s y l v a n ia ............ 2 4 .0 959 5 .2 4 .5 4 .3 5.1 S o u t h D a k o t a ........... 28.1 3 6 5 .4 T e n n e s s e e ................ 1 2 8 .4 2 ,6 4 8 .0 .4 T e x a s .......................... U ta h ............................. 689 5 0 5 .3 9 ,3 0 0 .1 -.3 754 3.1 1 ,0 6 6 .2 3 0 0 .7 1 .2 630 2 .3 5.1 .3 559 4 .2 V e r m o n t ..................... 7 3 .9 2 4.1 V i r g i n i a ........................ 2 0 2 .6 3 ,4 7 7 .5 1.2 W a s h i n g t o n ............... 786 2 2 2 .7 2 ,6 5 4 .7 1 .0 W e s t V i r g i n i a ............ 759 1.3 4 7 .2 6 8 5 .2 .1 W i s c o n s i n ................... 587 2.1 1 5 7 .6 2 ,7 1 5 .4 .0 683 4.1 W y o m i n g .................... 2 2 .0 2 4 1 .6 1 .7 616 4.1 P u e r t o R ic o ................ 5 0 .2 1 ,0 7 4 .1 3 .5 V ir g in I s la n d s ............ 450 4 .7 3 .2 4 2 .5 -.2 629 2 .4 1 A v e r a g e w e e k ly w a g e s w e r e c a lc u la t e d u s in g u n r o u n d e d d a ta . 2 T o t a ls fo r th e U n it e d S t a t e s d o n o t in c lu d e d a ta fo r P u e r to R ic o o r th e V ir g in Is la n d s . 84 A v e r a g e w e e k ly w a g e 1 D ecem ber Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 .3 661 5 .2 N O T E : I n c lu d e s w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y U n e m p lo y m e n t I n s u r a n c e (U l) a n d U n e m p lo y m e n t C o m p e n s a t io n fo r F e d e r a l E m p lo y e e s ( U C F E ) p r o g r a m s . D a t a a r e p re lim in a r y . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 24. Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by ownership Year A v e ra g e e s ta b lis h m e n t s A v e ra g e annual e m p lo y m e n t T o ta l a n n u a l w a g e s A v e ra g e an n u al w age (in t h o u s a n d s ) p e r e m p lo y e e A v e ra g e w e e k ly w age T o ta l c o v e r e d (Ul a n d U C F E ) 1 9 9 3 ............................................................ 6 ,6 7 9 ,9 3 4 1 0 9 ,4 2 2 ,5 7 1 $ 2 ,8 8 4 ,4 7 2 , 2 8 2 $ 2 6 ,3 6 1 $507 1 9 9 4 ............................................................ 6 ,8 2 6 ,6 7 7 1 1 2 ,6 1 1 ,2 8 7 3 ,0 3 3 ,6 7 6 ,6 7 8 2 6 ,9 3 9 518 1 9 9 5 ............................................................ 7 ,0 4 0 ,6 7 7 1 1 5 ,4 8 7 ,8 4 1 3 ,2 1 5 ,9 2 1 ,2 3 6 2 7 ,8 4 6 536 3 ,4 1 4 ,5 1 4 ,8 0 8 2 8 ,9 4 6 557 1 9 9 6 ............................................................ 7 ,1 8 9 ,1 6 8 1 1 7 ,9 6 3 ,1 3 2 1 9 9 7 ............................................................ 7 ,3 6 9 ,4 7 3 1 2 1 ,0 4 4 ,4 3 2 3 ,6 7 4 ,0 3 1 ,7 1 8 3 0 ,3 5 3 1 9 9 8 ............................................................ 7 ,6 3 4 ,0 1 8 3 ,9 6 7 ,0 7 2 ,4 2 3 4 ,2 3 5 ,5 7 9 ,2 0 4 3 1 ,9 4 5 614 584 1 9 9 9 ............................................................ 7 ,8 2 0 ,8 6 0 1 2 4 ,1 8 3 ,5 4 9 1 2 7 ,0 4 2 ,2 8 2 3 3 ,3 4 0 641 2 0 0 0 ............................................................ 7 ,8 7 9 ,1 1 6 1 2 9 ,8 7 7 ,0 6 3 4 ,5 8 7 ,7 0 8 ,5 8 4 3 5 ,3 2 3 679 2 0 0 1 ............................................................ 2 0 0 2 ............................................................ 7 ,9 8 4 ,5 2 9 8 ,1 0 1 ,8 7 2 1 2 9 ,6 3 5 ,8 0 0 4 ,6 9 5 ,2 2 5 ,1 2 3 4 ,7 1 4 ,3 7 4 ,7 4 1 3 6 ,2 1 9 3 6 ,7 6 4 697 $501 1 2 8 ,2 3 3 ,9 1 9 707 Ul c o v e re d 1 9 9 3 ............................................................ 6 ,6 3 2 ,2 2 1 6 ,7 7 8 ,3 0 0 1 0 6 ,3 5 1 ,4 3 1 1 0 9 ,5 8 8 ,1 8 9 $ 2 ,7 7 1 ,0 2 3 ,4 1 1 1 9 9 4 ............................................................ 2 ,9 1 8 ,6 8 4 ,1 2 8 $ 2 6 ,0 5 5 2 6 ,6 3 3 1 9 9 5 ............................................................ 6 ,9 9 0 ,5 9 4 1 1 2 ,5 3 9 ,7 9 5 3 ,1 0 2 ,3 5 3 ,3 5 5 2 7 ,5 6 7 1 9 9 6 ............................................................ 7 ,1 3 7 ,6 4 4 1 1 5 ,0 8 1 ,2 4 6 3 ,2 9 8 ,0 4 5 ,2 8 6 2 8 ,6 5 8 551 1 1 8 ,2 3 3 ,9 4 2 3 ,5 5 3 ,9 3 3 ,8 8 5 3 0 ,0 5 8 578 1 2 1 ,4 0 0 ,6 6 0 3 ,8 4 5 ,4 9 4 ,0 8 9 609 4 ,1 1 2 ,1 6 9 ,5 3 3 3 1 ,6 7 6 3 3 ,0 9 4 512 530 1 9 9 8 ............................................................ 7 ,3 1 7 ,3 6 3 7 ,5 8 6 ,7 6 7 1 9 9 9 ............................................................ 7 ,7 7 1 ,1 9 8 1 2 4 ,2 5 5 ,7 1 4 2 0 0 0 ............................................................ 7 ,8 2 8 ,8 6 1 1 2 7 ,0 0 5 ,5 7 4 4 ,4 5 4 ,9 6 6 ,8 2 4 3 5 ,0 7 7 675 2 0 0 1 ............................................................ 7 ,9 3 3 ,5 3 6 1 2 6 ,8 8 3 ,1 8 2 4 ,5 6 0 ,5 1 1 ,2 8 0 3 5 ,9 4 3 691 2 0 0 2 ............................................................ 8 ,0 5 1 ,1 1 7 1 2 5 ,4 7 5 ,2 9 3 4 ,5 7 0 ,7 8 7 ,2 1 8 3 6 ,4 2 8 701 1 9 9 7 ............................................................ . 636 P riv a te in d u s tr y c o v e re d 1 9 9 3 ............................................................ 6 ,4 5 4 ,3 8 1 9 1 ,2 0 2 ,9 7 1 $ 2 ,3 6 5 ,3 0 1 , 4 9 3 $ 2 5 ,9 3 4 $499 1 9 9 4 ............................................................ 6 ,5 9 6 ,1 5 8 6 ,8 0 3 ,4 5 4 9 4 ,1 4 6 ,3 4 4 2 ,4 9 4 ,4 5 8 ,5 5 5 2 6 ,4 9 6 510 9 6 ,8 9 4 ,8 4 4 2 ,6 5 8 ,9 2 7 ,2 1 6 2 7 ,4 4 1 528 9 9 ,2 6 8 ,4 4 6 2 ,8 3 7 ,3 3 4 ,2 1 7 2 8 ,5 8 2 550 1 9 9 7 ............................................................ 6 ,9 4 6 ,8 5 8 7 ,1 2 1 ,1 8 2 1 0 2 ,1 7 5 ,1 6 1 3 ,0 7 1 ,8 0 7 ,2 8 7 3 0 ,0 6 4 578 1 9 9 8 ............................................................ 7 ,3 8 1 ,5 1 8 1 0 5 ,0 8 2 ,3 6 8 3 ,3 3 7 ,6 2 1 ,6 9 9 3 1 ,7 6 2 611 3 ,5 7 7 ,7 3 8 ,5 5 7 3 3 ,2 4 4 639 1 9 9 5 ............................................................ 1 9 9 6 ............................................................ 1 9 9 9 ............................................................ 7 ,5 6 0 ,5 6 7 1 0 7 ,6 1 9 ,4 5 7 2 0 0 0 ............................................................ 7 ,6 2 2 ,2 7 4 1 1 0 ,0 1 5 ,3 3 3 3 ,8 8 7 ,6 2 6 ,7 6 9 3 5 ,3 3 7 680 2 0 0 1 ............................................................ 7 ,7 2 4 ,9 6 5 1 0 9 ,3 0 4 ,8 0 2 3 ,9 5 2 ,1 5 2 ,1 5 5 3 6 ,1 5 7 695 2 0 0 2 ............................................................ 7 ,8 3 9 ,9 0 3 1 0 7 ,5 7 7 ,2 8 1 3 ,9 3 0 ,7 6 7 ,0 2 5 3 6 ,5 3 9 703 S ta te g o v e rn m e n t c o v e r e d 1 9 9 3 ............................................................ 1 9 9 4 ............................................................ 5 9 ,1 8 5 4 ,0 8 8 ,0 7 5 4 ,1 6 2 ,9 4 4 $ 1 1 7 ,0 9 5 ,0 6 2 $ 2 8 ,6 4 3 $551 6 0 ,6 8 6 1 2 2 ,8 7 9 ,9 7 7 568 1 9 9 5 ............................................................ 6 0 ,7 6 3 4 ,2 0 1 ,8 3 6 1 9 9 6 ............................................................ 1 9 9 7 ............................................................ 1 9 9 8 ............................................................ 6 2 ,1 4 6 6 5 ,3 5 2 6 7 ,3 4 7 1 2 8 ,1 4 3 ,4 9 1 1 3 1 ,6 0 5 ,8 0 0 2 9 ,5 1 8 3 0 ,4 9 7 1 9 9 9 ............................................................ 2 0 0 0 ............................................................. 6 5 ,0 9 6 2 0 0 1 ............................................................ 2 0 0 2 ............................................................ 7 0 ,5 3 8 6 4 ,5 8 3 6 4 ,4 4 7 3 1 ,3 9 7 586 604 4 ,2 1 4 ,4 5 1 4 ,2 4 0 ,7 7 9 4 ,2 9 6 ,6 7 3 4 ,3 7 0 ,1 6 0 1 3 7 ,0 5 7 ,4 3 2 3 2 ,5 2 1 625 1 4 2 ,5 1 2 ,4 4 5 1 4 9 ,0 1 1 ,1 9 4 646 667 698 4 ,4 5 2 ,2 3 7 1 6 8 ,3 5 8 ,3 3 1 3 3 ,6 0 5 3 4 ,6 8 1 3 6 ,2 9 6 3 7 ,8 1 4 4 ,4 8 5 ,0 7 1 1 7 5 ,8 6 6 ,4 9 2 3 9 ,2 1 2 754 4 ,1 9 1 ,7 2 6 1 5 8 ,6 1 8 ,3 6 5 727 L o c a l g o v e rn m e n t c o v e r e d 1 9 9 3 ............................................................ 1 9 9 4 ............................................................ 1 1 8 ,6 2 6 1 1 ,0 5 9 ,5 0 0 $ 2 8 8 ,5 9 4 ,6 9 7 1 2 1 ,4 2 5 1 1 ,2 7 8 ,0 8 0 3 0 1 ,3 1 5 ,8 5 7 $ 2 6 ,0 9 5 2 6 ,7 1 7 $502 514 1 9 9 5 ............................................................ 1 2 6 ,3 4 2 1 1 ,4 4 2 ,2 3 8 3 1 5 ,2 5 2 ,3 4 6 2 7 ,5 5 2 530 1 9 9 6 ............................................................ 1 2 8 ,6 4 0 1 1 ,6 2 1 ,0 7 4 3 2 9 ,1 0 5 ,2 6 9 2 8 ,3 2 0 3 4 5 ,0 6 9 ,1 6 6 2 9 ,1 3 4 560 1 9 9 8 ............................................................ 1 3 0 ,8 2 9 1 3 7 ,9 0 2 1 1 ,8 4 4 ,3 3 0 1 2 ,0 7 7 ,5 1 3 3 6 5 ,3 5 9 ,9 4 5 582 1 9 9 7 ............................................................ 545 1 9 9 9 ............................................................ 1 4 0 ,0 9 3 1 2 ,3 3 9 ,5 8 4 3 8 5 ,4 1 9 ,7 8 1 3 0 ,2 5 1 3 1 ,2 3 4 2 0 0 0 ............................................................ 1 4 1 ,4 9 1 3 2 ,3 8 7 623 2 0 0 1 ............................................................ 1 2 ,6 2 0 ,0 8 1 1 3 ,1 2 6 ,1 4 3 4 0 8 ,7 2 1 ,6 9 0 1 4 3 ,9 8 9 4 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,7 9 5 3 3 ,5 2 1 645 2 0 0 2 ............................................................ 1 4 6 ,7 6 7 1 3 ,4 1 2 ,9 4 1 4 6 4 ,1 5 3 ,7 0 1 3 4 ,6 0 5 665 601 F e d e ra l G o v e r n m e n t c o v e r e d ( U C F E ) 1 9 9 3 ............................................................ 4 7 ,7 1 4 3 ,0 7 1 ,1 4 0 $ 1 1 3 ,4 4 8 ,8 7 1 $ 3 6 ,9 4 0 $710 1 9 9 4 ............................................................ 4 8 ,3 7 7 3 ,0 2 3 ,0 9 8 1 1 4 ,9 9 2 ,5 5 0 3 8 ,0 3 8 1 9 9 5 ............................................................ 5 0 ,0 8 3 2 ,9 4 8 ,0 4 6 1 1 3 ,5 6 7 ,8 8 1 3 8 ,5 2 3 731 741 1 9 9 6 ............................................................ 1 9 9 7 ............................................................ 5 1 ,5 2 4 2 ,8 8 1 ,8 8 7 2 ,8 1 0 ,4 8 9 777 4 7 ,2 5 2 2 ,7 8 2 ,8 8 8 1 1 6 ,4 6 9 ,5 2 3 1 2 0 ,0 9 7 ,8 3 3 1 2 1 ,5 7 8 ,3 3 4 4 0 ,4 1 4 5 2 ,1 1 0 1 9 9 8 ............................................................ 1 9 9 9 ............................................................ 4 9 ,6 6 1 2 ,7 8 6 ,5 6 7 1 2 3 ,4 0 9 ,6 7 2 2 0 0 0 ............................................................ 5 0 ,2 5 6 2 ,8 7 1 ,4 8 9 1 3 2 ,7 4 1 ,7 6 0 2 0 0 1 ............................................................ 5 0 ,9 9 3 1 3 4 ,7 1 3 ,8 4 3 4 6 ,2 2 8 4 8 ,9 4 0 889 941 2 0 0 2 ............................................................ 5 0 ,7 5 5 2 ,7 5 2 ,6 1 9 2 ,7 5 8 ,6 2 7 1 4 3 ,5 8 7 ,5 2 3 5 2 ,0 5 0 1,001 NOTE: D e ta il m a y n o t a d d to to ta ls d u e to ro u n d in g . 4 2 ,7 3 2 822 4 3 ,6 8 8 4 4 ,2 8 7 840 852 D a t a r e f le c t th e m o v e m e n t o f In d ia n T r ib a l C o u n c il e s t a b lis h m e n t s fr o m p r iv a t e in d u s t r y to th e p u b lic s e c t o r . S e e N o t e s o n C u r r e n t L a b o r S ta tis tic s . Monthly Labor Review October 2004 85 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 25. Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, establishment size and employment, private ownership, by supersector, first quarter 2003 S iz e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t s In d u stry , e s ta b lis h m e n t s , a n d e m p lo y m e n t T o ta l F e w e r th an 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 to 99 100 to 249 250 to 499 5 00 to 999 5 w o rk e rs1 w o rk e rs w o rk e rs w o rk e rs w o rk e rs w o rk e rs w o rk e rs w o rk e rs 1,000 o r m o re w o rk e rs T o ta l all in d u s t r ie s 2 E s t a b lis h m e n t s , firs t q u a r te r ........... E m p lo y m e n t, M a r c h ........................... 7 ,9 3 3 ,9 7 4 4 ,7 6 8 ,8 1 2 1 ,3 3 1 ,8 3 4 8 7 2 ,2 4 1 5 9 7 ,6 6 2 1 0 5 ,5 8 3 ,5 4 8 7 ,0 9 5 ,1 2 8 8 ,8 1 0 ,0 9 7 1 1 ,7 6 3 ,2 5 3 1 8 ,0 2 5 ,6 5 5 2 0 3 ,0 3 0 1 3 ,9 7 0 ,1 9 4 1 1 5 ,5 9 8 2 8 ,8 5 6 1 0 ,4 5 4 5 ,4 8 7 1 7 ,2 9 9 ,0 5 8 9 ,8 6 4 ,9 3 4 7 ,0 9 0 ,7 3 9 1 1 ,6 6 4 ,4 9 0 N a tu ra l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g E s t a b lis h m e n t s , firs t q u a r te r E m p lo y m e n t, M a r c h ........... 1 2 4 ,5 2 7 7 2 ,0 8 8 2 3 ,2 4 8 1 4 ,7 7 3 9 ,2 2 6 2 ,8 9 3 1 ,5 9 3 501 161 44 ........................... 1 ,5 2 6 ,1 7 6 1 1 0 ,1 5 5 1 5 3 ,6 2 9 1 9 8 ,8 9 5 2 7 5 ,8 1 1 1 9 8 ,1 2 2 2 4 1 ,5 5 9 1 7 1 ,0 6 3 1 0 8 ,5 6 3 6 8 ,3 7 9 7 9 5 ,0 2 9 6 ,2 8 5 ,8 4 1 5 2 3 ,7 4 7 1 2 9 ,2 0 1 7 6 ,2 1 5 4 6 ,0 9 6 1 2 ,8 3 7 5 ,6 0 4 1 ,0 0 6 262 61 7 4 6 ,2 9 6 8 4 6 ,5 2 1 1 ,0 2 1 ,7 2 2 1 ,3 7 1 ,0 7 1 8 7 2 ,2 7 4 8 2 3 ,8 4 6 3 3 8 ,1 0 7 1 7 2 ,9 4 4 9 3 ,0 6 0 C o n s t r u c t io n E s t a b lis h m e n t s , firs t q u a r te r E m p lo y m e n t, M a r c h ........... ........................... M a n u fa c t u rin g E s t a b lis h m e n t s , firs t q u a r te r E m p lo y m e n t, M a r c h ........... 3 8 1 ,1 5 9 1 4 8 ,4 6 9 6 5 ,0 2 7 5 7 ,3 5 4 5 4 ,2 6 1 2 5 ,9 2 7 1 9 ,8 1 3 6 ,5 0 6 2 ,5 6 5 1 ,2 3 7 ........................... 1 4 ,6 0 6 ,9 2 8 2 5 2 ,4 4 3 4 3 6 ,0 2 8 7 8 8 ,5 8 1 1 ,6 8 5 ,5 6 3 1 ,8 1 5 ,3 8 5 3 ,0 4 3 ,4 4 4 2 ,2 4 5 ,1 8 3 1 ,7 3 2 ,3 6 8 2 ,6 0 7 ,9 3 3 1 ,8 5 1 ,6 6 2 9 9 2 ,1 8 0 1 ,6 4 6 ,3 0 4 3 7 8 ,1 5 7 2 3 9 ,6 3 7 1 4 9 ,9 6 0 5 1 ,5 0 7 2 ,5 1 4 ,5 4 8 3 ,2 0 4 ,8 4 0 4 ,5 2 7 ,7 0 9 3 ,5 6 4 ,3 1 6 3 1 ,3 5 1 4 ,6 6 1 ,8 9 8 6 ,6 8 1 2 ,2 7 7 ,1 2 1 1 ,6 1 9 1 ,0 7 0 ,1 4 1 1 ,2 1 6 ,4 7 9 1 6 ,1 3 0 2 2 0 ,6 1 8 1 3 ,5 3 9 4 1 6 ,6 7 0 5 ,9 2 0 4 1 0 ,5 1 3 3 ,7 7 3 5 7 6 ,6 7 4 1 ,2 2 3 4 1 8 ,1 1 3 575 3 9 9 ,3 6 6 252 5 1 6 ,2 2 8 7 6 ,7 3 3 1 ,0 1 7 ,6 6 2 3 9 ,0 0 3 1 ,1 6 2 ,4 9 8 1 1 ,7 4 3 6 ,1 9 5 1 ,7 9 4 8 0 1 ,1 4 0 9 3 4 ,6 1 8 6 2 0 ,1 8 3 883 6 0 1 ,5 4 9 9 3 5 ,0 0 9 T r a d e , t ra n s p o rta tio n , a n d u tilitie s E s t a b lis h m e n t s , fir s t q u a r te r ........... E m p lo y m e n t, M a r c h ........................... 2 4 ,6 8 3 ,3 5 6 570 In fo rm a tio n E s t a b lis h m e n t s , firs t q u a r te r ........... 1 4 7 ,0 6 2 8 4 ,9 0 6 2 0 ,7 4 4 ........................... 3 ,2 0 8 ,6 6 7 1 1 2 ,4 0 9 1 3 8 ,0 7 6 E s t a b lis h m e n t s , fir s t q u a r te r ........... E m p lo y m e n t, M a r c h ............................ 7 5 3 ,0 6 4 7 ,7 5 3 ,7 1 7 4 8 0 ,4 8 5 7 8 8 ,6 0 7 8 9 2 ,4 5 1 E m p lo y m e n t, M a r c h F in a n c ia l a c tiv it ie s P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s E s t a b lis h m e n t s , firs t q u a r te r ............ E m p lo y m e n t, M a r c h 1 3 5 ,7 5 9 469 1 ,3 0 7 ,6 9 7 8 8 7 ,8 7 5 1 8 0 ,4 5 8 1 1 1 ,5 3 2 7 3 ,5 9 9 2 8 ,4 7 1 1 7 ,8 5 6 5 ,1 5 3 1 ,9 1 9 834 1 5 ,6 4 8 ,4 3 5 1 ,2 3 0 ,2 0 8 1 ,1 8 4 ,7 4 5 1 ,5 0 1 ,4 7 0 2 ,2 3 2 ,5 0 6 1 ,9 6 9 ,4 6 6 2 ,7 0 7 ,2 0 3 1 ,7 6 2 ,2 5 1 1 ,3 0 7 ,8 7 0 1 ,7 5 2 ,7 1 6 ............ 7 2 0 ,2 0 7 3 3 8 ,1 3 9 1 6 4 ,6 2 2 1 0 3 ,6 8 3 6 5 ,1 7 3 2 4 ,0 8 6 1 7 ,1 2 2 3 ,9 2 9 1,761 1 ,6 9 2 ............................ 1 5 ,6 8 0 ,8 3 4 6 2 9 ,9 6 8 1 ,0 9 2 ,3 2 9 1 ,3 9 2 ,0 9 9 1 ,9 5 5 ,8 6 1 1 ,6 7 9 ,7 0 8 2 ,5 5 8 ,3 0 0 1 ,3 3 7 ,1 8 8 1 ,2 2 0 ,9 2 1 3 ,8 1 4 ,4 6 0 ............................ E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s E s t a b lis h m e n t s , fir s t q u a r te r E m p lo y m e n t, M a r c h L e is u r e a n d h o s p it a lit y E s t a b lis h m e n t s , firs t q u a r te r ............ 6 5 7 ,3 5 9 2 6 0 ,1 4 9 1 1 0 ,4 9 9 1 1 8 ,1 4 0 1 2 2 ,1 6 8 3 4 ,1 6 6 9 ,7 1 8 1 ,6 0 9 599 3 11 ............................ 1 1 ,7 3 1 ,3 7 9 4 1 1 ,1 9 2 7 4 4 ,1 4 4 1 ,6 5 3 ,4 7 0 3 ,6 8 3 ,4 4 8 2 ,2 8 5 ,5 5 0 1 ,3 7 2 ,7 8 0 5 4 5 ,3 0 4 4 0 4 ,8 3 1 6 3 0 ,6 6 0 E s t a b lis h m e n t s , firs t q u a r te r ............ E m p lo y m e n t, M a r c h ............................ 1 ,0 5 7 ,2 3 6 4 ,2 4 3 ,6 3 3 8 5 1 ,2 3 1 1 1 6 ,9 4 0 7 6 1 ,5 1 8 5 6 ,2 3 8 7 4 0 ,7 5 2 2 4 ,2 3 5 7 0 3 ,9 5 7 5 ,4 5 1 3 7 1 ,7 7 4 2 ,5 6 1 3 7 6 ,8 3 2 454 1 ,0 3 7 ,3 6 0 1 5 0 ,4 2 1 109 7 1 ,4 5 3 2 9 ,5 6 6 E m p lo y m e n t, M a r c h O t h e r s e r v ic e s 1 I n c lu d e s e s t a b lis h m e n t s th a t re p o r t e d n o w o r k e r s in M a r c h 2 0 0 3 . 2 I n c lu d e s d a t a fo r u n c la s s if ie d e s t a b lis h m e n t s , n o t s h o w n s e p a r a te ly . 86 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 N O T E : D e t a ils m a y n o t a d d to to ta ls d u e to ro u n d in g . fir s t q u a rte r. D a t a a r e p re lim in a r y . 17 D a t a a r e o n ly p r o d u c e d fo r https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 26. Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by metropolitan area, 2001-02 A v e ra g e an n u al w ag e2 M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a 1 P e rce n t ch an ge, 2 0 0 1 -0 2 2001 2002 M e tr o p o lita n a r e a s 2 ........................................................................... $ 3 7 ,9 0 8 $ 3 8 ,4 2 3 1 .4 A b ile n e , T X ............................................................................................. A k r o n , O H ................................................................................................ A lb a n y , G A ............................................................................................. A lb a n y - S c h e n e c t a d y - T r o y , N Y ........................................................ A lb u q u e r q u e , N M .................................................................................. A le x a n d r ia , L A ....................................................................................... A lle n t o w n - B e t h le h e m - E a s t o n , P A .................................................. A lto o n a , P A ............................................................................................. A m a r illo , T X ............................................................................................ A n c h o r a g e , A K ...................................................................................... 2 5 ,1 4 1 3 2 ,9 3 0 2 8 ,8 7 7 3 5 ,3 5 5 3 1 ,6 6 7 2 6 ,2 9 6 3 3 ,5 6 9 2 6 ,8 6 9 2 7 ,4 2 2 3 7 ,9 9 8 2 5 ,5 1 7 3 4 ,0 3 7 2 9 ,9 1 3 3 5 ,9 9 4 3 2 ,4 7 5 2 7 ,3 0 0 3 4 ,7 8 9 2 7 ,3 6 0 2 8 ,2 7 4 3 9 ,1 1 2 1 .5 3 .4 3 .6 1.8 2 .6 3 .8 3 .6 1.8 3.1 2 .9 A n n A r b o r , M l ........................................................................................ A n n is to n , A L ........................................................................................... A p p le t o n - O s h k o s h - N e e n a h , W l ....................................................... A s h e v ille , N C .......................................................................................... A th e n s , G A ............................................................................................. A tla n ta , G A ............................................................................................. A t la n t ic - C a p e M a y , N J ........................................................................ A u b u r n - O p e lik a , A L ............................................................................. A u g u s t a - A ik e n , G A - S C ....................................................................... A u s t in - S a n M a r c o s , T X ....................................................................... 3 7 ,5 8 2 2 6 ,4 8 6 3 2 ,6 5 2 2 8 ,5 1 1 2 8 ,9 6 6 4 0 ,5 5 9 3 1 ,2 6 8 2 5 ,7 5 3 3 0 ,6 2 6 4 0 ,8 3 1 3 9 ,2 2 0 2 7 ,5 4 7 3 3 ,0 2 0 2 8 ,7 7 1 2 9 ,9 4 2 4 1 ,1 2 3 3 2 ,2 0 1 2 6 ,4 0 5 3 1 ,7 4 3 3 9 ,5 4 0 4 .4 4 .0 1.1 .9 3 .4 1 .4 3 .0 2 .5 3 .6 -3 .2 B a k e r s fie ld , C A ...................................................................................... B a lt im o r e , M D ........................................................................................ B a n g o r , M E ............................................................................................. B a r n s ta b le - Y a r m o u t h , M A ................................................................. B a t o n R o u g e , L A .................................................................................. B e a u m o n t - P o r t A rth u r, T X ................................................................. B e llin g h a m , W A ..................................................................................... B e n t o n H a r b o r , M l ................................................................................ B e r g e n - P a s s a ic , N J .......................... ................................................... B illin g s , M T ............................................................................................. 3 0 ,1 0 6 3 7 ,4 9 5 2 7 ,8 5 0 3 1 ,0 2 5 3 0 ,3 2 1 3 1 ,7 9 8 2 7 ,7 2 4 3 1 ,1 4 0 4 4 ,7 0 1 2 7 ,8 8 9 3 1 ,1 9 2 3 8 ,7 1 8 2 8 ,4 4 6 3 2 ,0 2 8 3 1 ,3 6 6 3 2 ,5 7 7 2 8 ,2 8 4 3 2 ,6 2 7 4 5 ,1 8 5 2 8 ,5 5 3 3 .6 3 .3 2.1 3 .2 3 .4 2 .4 2 .0 4 .8 1.1 2 .4 B ilo x i- G u lf p o r t - P a s c a g o u la , M S ....................................................... B in g h a m t o n , N Y .................................................................................... B ir m in g h a m , A L ..................................................................................... B is m a r c k , N D .......................................................................................... B lo o m in g t o n , I N ..................................................................................... B lo o m in g t o n - N o r m a l, I L ...................................................................... B o is e C ity , I D .......................................................................................... B o s t o n - W o r c e s t e r - L a w r e n c e - L o w e ll- B r o c k t o n , M A - N H .......... B r a z o r ia , T X ............................................................................................ 2 8 ,3 5 1 3 1 ,1 8 7 3 4 ,5 1 9 2 7 ,1 1 6 2 8 ,0 1 3 3 5 ,1 1 1 3 1 ,6 2 4 4 5 ,7 6 6 4 4 ,3 1 0 3 5 ,6 5 5 2 8 ,5 1 5 3 1 ,8 3 2 3 5 ,9 4 0 2 7 ,9 9 3 2 8 ,8 5 5 3 6 ,1 3 3 3 1 ,9 5 5 4 5 ,6 8 5 4 4 ,0 3 7 3 6 ,2 5 3 .6 2.1 4.1 3 .2 3 .0 2 .9 1.0 -.2 -.6 1.7 B r e m e r t o n , W A ...................................................................................... B r o w n s v ille - H a r lin g e n - S a n B e n it o , T X .......................................... B r y a n - C o lle g e S ta tio n , T X ................................................................. B u f fa lo - N ia g a r a F a lls , N Y .................................................................. B u r lin g to n , V T ......................................................................................... C a n t o n - M a s s illo n , O H ........................................................................ C a s p e r , W Y ............................................................................................ C e d a r R a p id s , IA .................................................................................. C h a m p a ig n - U r b a n a , I L ....................................................................... C h a r le s t o n - N o r t h C h a r le s t o n , S C .................................................... 3 1 ,5 2 5 2 2 ,1 4 2 2 5 ,7 5 5 3 2 ,0 5 4 3 4 ,3 6 3 2 9 ,0 2 0 2 8 ,2 6 4 3 4 ,6 4 9 3 0 ,4 8 8 2 8 ,8 8 7 3 3 ,7 7 5 2 2 ,8 9 2 2 6 ,0 5 1 3 2 ,7 7 7 3 5 ,1 6 9 2 9 ,6 8 9 2 8 ,8 8 6 3 4 ,7 3 0 3 1 ,9 9 5 2 9 ,9 9 3 7.1 3 .4 1.1 2 .3 2 .3 2 .3 2 .2 .2 4 .9 3 .8 C h a r le s t o n , W V ..................................................................................... C h a r lo t t e - G a s t o n ia - R o c k H ill, N C - S C ............................................ C h a r lo t te s v ille , V A ................................................................................ C h a t ta n o o g a , T N - G A ........................................................................... C h e y e n n e , W Y ...................................................................................... C h ic a g o , IL ............................................................................................. C h ic o - P a r a d is e , C A ............................................................................. C in c in n a ti, O H - K Y - I N ........................................................................... C la r k s v ille - H o p k in s v ille , T N - K Y ....................................................... C le v e la n d - L o r a in - E ly r ia , O H .............................................................. 3 1 ,5 3 0 3 7 ,2 6 7 3 2 ,4 2 7 2 9 ,9 8 1 2 7 ,5 7 9 4 2 ,6 8 5 2 6 ,4 9 9 3 6 ,0 5 0 2 5 ,5 6 7 3 5 ,5 1 4 3 2 ,1 3 6 3 8 ,4 1 3 3 3 ,3 2 8 3 0 ,6 3 1 2 8 ,8 2 7 4 3 ,2 3 9 2 7 ,1 9 0 3 7 ,1 6 8 2 6 ,9 4 0 3 6 ,1 0 2 1 .9 3.1 2 .8 2 .2 4 .5 1.3 2 .6 3.1 5 .4 1 .7 C o lo r a d o S p r in g s , C O ........................................................................ C o lu m b ia , M O ........................................................................................ C o lu m b ia , S C ........................................................................................ C o lu m b u s , G A - A L ................................................................................. C o lu m b u s , O H ....................................................................................... C o r p u s C h r is t i, T X ................................................................................ C o r v a llis , O R .......................................................................................... C u m b e r la n d , M D - W V .......................................................................... D a lla s , T X ................................................................................................ D a n v ille , V A ............................................................................................ 3 4 ,3 9 1 2 8 ,4 9 0 2 9 ,9 0 4 2 8 ,4 1 2 3 5 ,0 2 8 2 9 ,3 6 1 3 5 ,5 2 5 2 5 ,5 0 4 4 2 ,7 0 6 2 5 ,4 6 5 3 4 ,6 8 1 2 9 ,1 3 5 3 0 ,7 2 1 2 9 ,2 0 7 3 6 ,1 4 4 3 0 ,1 6 8 3 6 ,7 6 6 2 6 ,7 0 4 4 3 ,0 0 0 2 6 ,1 1 6 .8 2 .3 2 .7 2 .8 3 .2 2 .7 3 .5 4 .7 .7 2 .6 S e e fo o t n o te s a t e n d o f ta b le . Monthly Labor Review October 2004 87 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 26. Continued— Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by metropolitan area, 2001-02 A v e ra g e an n u al w ag e2 M e tro p o lita n a r e a ’ 2001 2002 P e rce n t ch an ge, 2 0 0 1 -0 2 D a v e n p o r t - M o lin e - R o c k Is la n d , I A - I L .............................................. D a y t o n - S p r in g f ie ld , O H ....................................................................... D a y t o n a B e a c h , F L ............................................................................... D e c a tu r , A L ........................................................................................... D e c a t u r , I L .......................................................................................... D e n v e r , C O .......................................................................................... D e s M o in e s , IA ................................................................................. D e tro it, M l ......................................................................................... D o th a n , A L ............................................................................................... D o v e r , D E ................................................................................................ $ 3 1 ,2 7 5 3 3 ,6 1 9 2 5 ,9 5 3 3 0 ,8 9 1 3 3 ,3 5 4 4 2 ,3 5 1 3 4 ,3 0 3 4 2 ,7 0 4 2 8 ,0 2 6 2 7 ,7 5 4 $ 3 2 ,1 1 8 3 4 ,3 2 7 2 6 ,8 9 8 3 0 ,3 7 0 3 3 ,2 1 5 4 2 ,1 3 3 3 5 ,6 4 1 4 3 ,2 2 4 2 9 ,2 7 0 2 9 ,8 1 8 2 .7 2.1 3 .6 -1 .7 -.4 -.5 3 .9 1 .2 4 .4 7 .4 D u b u q u e , I A ............................................................................................ D u lu t h - S u p e r io r , M N - W I ..................................................................... D u t c h e s s C o u n t y , N Y .......................................................................... E a u C la ir e , W l ....................................................................................... E l P a s o , T X ............................................................................................. E lk h a r t - G o s h e n , I N ............................................................................... E lm ir a , N Y ............................................................................................... E n id , O K ......................................................................................... E r ie , P A ............................................................................................... E u g e n e - S p r in g f ie ld , O R ...................................................................... 2 8 ,4 0 2 2 9 ,4 1 5 3 8 ,7 4 8 2 7 ,6 8 0 2 5 ,8 4 7 3 0 ,7 9 7 2 8 ,6 6 9 2 4 ,8 3 6 2 9 ,2 9 3 2 8 ,9 8 3 2 9 ,2 0 8 3 0 ,5 8 1 3 8 ,2 2 1 2 8 ,7 6 0 2 6 ,6 0 4 3 2 ,4 2 7 2 9 ,1 5 1 2 5 ,5 0 7 2 9 ,7 8 0 2 9 ,4 2 7 2 .8 4 .0 - 1 .4 3 .9 2 .9 5 .3 1.7 2 .7 1 .7 1.5 E v a n s v ille - H e n d e r s o n , I N - K Y ........................................................... F a r g o - M o o r h e a d , N D - M N .................................................................. F a y e t te v ille , N C ..................................................................................... F a y e t t e v ille - S p r in g d a le - R o g e r s , A R ............................................... F la g s t a f f , A Z - Ü T .................................................................................... F lin t, M l ............................................................................................... F lo r e n c e , A L ........................................................................................... F lo r e n c e , S C ........................................................................................... F o r t C o llin s - L o v e la n d , C O ................................................................. F o r t L a u d e r d a le , F L .............................................................................. 3 1 ,0 4 2 2 7 ,8 9 9 2 6 ,9 8 1 2 9 ,9 4 0 2 5 ,8 9 0 3 5 ,9 9 5 2 5 ,6 3 9 2 8 ,8 0 0 3 3 ,2 4 8 3 3 ,9 6 6 3 1 ,9 7 7 2 9 ,0 5 3 2 8 ,2 9 8 3 1 ,0 9 0 2 6 ,8 4 6 3 6 ,5 0 7 2 6 ,5 9 1 2 9 ,5 6 3 3 4 ,2 1 5 3 4 ,4 7 5 3 .0 4.1 4 .9 3 .8 3 .7 1.4 3 .7 2 .6 2 .9 1.5 F o r t M y e r s - C a p e C o r a l, F L ................................................................ F o r t P ie r c e - P o r t S t. L u c ie , F L ........................................................... F o r t S m ith , A R - O K ................................................................................ F o r t W a lto n B e a c h , F L ......................................................................... F o r t W a y n e , IN ...................................................................................... F o r t W o r th - A r lin g to n , T X ..................................................................... F r e s n o , C A ............................................................................................. G a d s d e n , A L ........................................................................................... G a in e s v ille , F L ....................................................................................... G a lv e s t o n - T e x a s C ity , T X .................................................................. 2 9 ,4 3 2 2 7 ,7 4 2 2 6 ,7 5 5 2 6 ,1 5 1 3 1 ,4 0 0 3 6 ,3 7 9 2 7 ,6 4 7 2 5 ,7 6 0 2 6 ,9 1 7 3 1 ,0 6 7 3 0 ,3 2 4 2 9 ,1 5 2 2 7 ,0 7 5 2 7 ,2 4 2 3 2 ,0 5 3 3 7 ,1 9 5 2 8 ,8 1 4 2 6 ,2 1 4 2 7 ,6 4 8 3 1 ,9 2 0 3 .0 5.1 1.2 4 .2 2.1 2 .2 4 .2 1 .8 2 .7 2 .7 G a r y , IN .................................................................................................... G le n s F a lls , N Y ...................................................................................... G o ld s b o r o , N C ....................................................................................... G r a n d F o r k s , N D - M N ........................................................................... G r a n d J u n c t io n , C O .............................................................................. G r a n d R a p id s - M u s k e g o n - H o lla n d , M l ........................................... G r e a t F a lls , M T ...................................................................................... G r e e le y , C O ............................................................................................ G r e e n B a y , W l ....................................................................................... G r e e n s b o ’r o - W in s t o n - S a le m - H ig h P o in t, N C ............................ 3 1 ,9 4 8 2 7 ,8 8 5 2 5 ,3 9 8 2 4 ,9 5 9 2 7 ,4 2 6 3 3 ,4 3 1 2 4 ,2 1 1 3 0 ,0 6 6 3 2 ,6 3 1 3 1 ,7 3 0 3 2 ,4 3 2 2 8 ,9 3 1 2 5 ,8 2 1 2 5 ,7 1 0 2 8 ,3 3 1 3 4 ,2 1 4 2 5 ,0 3 5 3 1 ,1 0 4 3 3 ,6 9 8 3 2 ,3 6 9 1 .5 3 .8 1.7 3 .0 3 .3 2 .3 3 .4 3 .5 3 .3 2 .0 G r e e n v ille , N C ...................................................................................... G r e e n v ille - S p a r t a n b u r g - A n d e r s o n , S C .......................................... H a g e r s to w n , M D .................................................................................... H a m ilto n - M id d le t o w n , O H .................................................................. H a r r is b u r g - L e b a n o n - C a r lis le , P A ..................................................... H a rtfo rd , C T ............................................................................................ H a tt ie s b u r g , M S ..................................................................................... H ic k o r y - M o r g a n to n - L e n o ir , N C ......................................................... H o n o lu lu , H I ............................................................................................ H o u m a , L A ............................................................................................... 2 8 ,2 8 9 3 0 ,9 4 0 2 9 ,0 2 0 3 2 ,3 2 5 3 3 ,4 0 8 4 3 ,8 8 0 2 5 ,1 4 5 2 7 ,3 0 5 3 2 ,5 3 1 3 0 ,3 4 3 2 9 ,0 5 5 3 1 ,7 2 6 3 0 ,0 3 4 3 2 ,9 8 5 3 4 ,4 9 7 4 4 ,3 8 7 2 6 ,0 5 1 2 7 ,9 9 6 3 3 ,9 7 8 3 0 ,7 5 8 2 .7 2 .5 3 .5 2 .0 3 .3 1.2 3 .6 2 .5 4 .4 1 .4 H o u s t o n , T X ............................................................................................ H u n t in g t o n - A s h la n d , W V - K Y - O H ..................................................... H u n t s v ille , A L .................................................................................... I n d ia n a p o lis , I N ...................................................................................... Io w a C ity , IA ........................................................................................... J a c k s o n , M l ............................................................................................ J a c k s o n , M S ........................................................................................... J a c k s o n , T N ............................................................................................ J a c k s o n v ille , F L ..................................................................................... J a c k s o n v ille , N C .................................................................................... 4 2 ,7 8 4 2 7 ,4 7 8 3 6 ,7 2 7 3 5 ,9 8 9 3 1 ,6 6 3 3 2 ,4 5 4 2 9 ,8 1 3 2 9 ,4 1 4 3 2 ,3 6 7 2 1 ,3 9 5 4 2 ,7 1 2 2 8 ,3 2 1 3 8 ,5 7 1 3 6 ,6 0 8 3 2 ,5 6 7 3 3 ,2 5 1 3 0 ,5 3 7 3 0 ,4 4 3 3 3 ,7 2 2 2 2 ,2 6 9 -.2 3.1 5 .0 1 .7 2 .9 2 .5 2 .4 3 .5 4 .2 4.1 S e e fo o t n o te s a t e n d o f ta b le . 88 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 26. Continued— Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by metropolitan area, 2001-02 A v e ra g e an n u al w a g e2 M e tro p o lita n a r e a 1 P e rc e n t change, 2001-02 2001 2002 J a m e s t o w n , N Y ..................................................................................... J a n e s v ille - B e lo it , W l ............................................................................ J e r s e y C ity , N J ...................................................................................... J o h n s o n C ity - K in g s p o r t - B r is to l, T N - V A ......................................... J o h n s t o w n , P A ....................................................................................... J o n e s b o r o , A R ....................................................................................... J o p lin , M O ............................................................................................... K a la m a z o o - B a t t le C r e e k , M l ............................................................. K a n k a k e e , I L ........................................................................................... K a n s a s C ity , M O - K S ............................................................................ $ 2 5 ,9 1 3 3 1 ,4 8 2 4 7 ,6 3 8 2 8 ,5 4 3 2 5 ,5 6 9 2 5 ,3 3 7 2 6 ,0 1 1 3 2 ,9 0 5 2 9 ,1 0 4 3 5 ,7 9 4 $ 2 6 ,4 3 0 3 2 ,8 3 7 4 9 ,5 6 2 2 9 ,0 7 6 2 6 ,1 6 1 2 6 ,1 6 5 2 6 ,5 9 4 3 4 ,2 3 7 3 0 ,0 1 5 3 6 ,7 3 1 2 .0 4 .3 4 .0 1 .9 2 .3 3 .3 2 .2 4 .0 3.1 2 .6 K e n o s h a , W l ........................................................................................... K ille e n - T e m p le , T X ............................................................................... K n o x v ille , T N .......................................................................................... K o k o m o , I N ............................................................................................. L a C r o s s e , W I - M N ................................................................................ L a fa y e tt e , L A .......................................................................................... L a fa y e tt e , IN ........................................................................................... L a k e C h a r le s , L A .................................................................................. L a k e la n d - W in t e r H a v e n , F L ............................................................... L a n c a s t e r , P A ........................................................................................ 3 1 ,5 6 2 2 6 ,1 9 3 3 0 ,4 2 2 3 9 ,5 9 9 2 7 ,7 7 4 2 9 ,6 9 3 3 1 ,4 8 4 2 9 ,7 8 2 2 8 ,8 9 0 3 1 ,4 9 3 3 2 ,4 7 3 2 7 ,2 9 9 3 1 ,3 3 8 4 0 ,7 7 8 2 8 ,7 1 9 3 0 ,1 0 4 3 1 ,7 0 0 3 0 ,3 4 6 2 9 ,5 0 5 3 2 ,1 9 7 2 .9 4 .2 3 .0 3 .0 3 .4 1.4 .7 1.9 2.1 2 .2 L a n s in g - E a s t L a n s in g , M l .................................................................. L a r e d o , T X ............................................................................................... L a s C r u c e s , N M ..................................................................................... L a s V e g a s , N V - A Z ................................................................................ L a w r e n c e , K S ........................................................................................ L a w t o n , O K ............................................................................................. L e w is t o n - A u b u r n , M E .......................................................................... L e x in g to n , K Y ........................................................................................ L im a , O H ................................................................................................. L in c o ln , N E .............................................................................................. 3 4 ,7 2 4 2 4 ,1 2 8 2 4 ,3 1 0 3 2 ,2 3 9 2 5 ,9 2 3 2 4 ,8 1 2 2 7 ,0 9 2 3 1 ,5 9 3 2 9 ,6 4 4 2 9 ,3 5 2 3 5 ,7 8 5 2 4 ,7 3 9 2 5 ,2 5 6 3 3 ,2 8 0 2 6 ,6 2 1 2 5 ,3 9 2 2 8 ,4 3 5 3 2 ,7 7 6 3 0 ,3 7 9 3 0 ,6 1 4 3.1 2 .5 3 .9 3 .2 2 .7 2 .3 5 .0 3 .7 2 .5 4 .3 L ittle R o c k - N o r t h L ittle R o c k , A R ..................................................... L o n g v ie w - M a r s h a ll, T X ....................................................................... L o s A n g e le s - L o n g B e a c h , C A .......................................................... L o u is v ille , K Y - I N ................................................................................... L u b b o c k , T X ........................................................................................... L y n c h b u r g , V A ....................................................................................... M a c o n , G A ............................................................................................... M a d is o n , W l ............................................................................................ M a n s f ie ld , O H ........................................................................................ M c A lle n - E d in b u r g - M is s io n , T X ........................................................ 3 0 ,8 5 8 2 8 ,0 2 9 4 0 ,8 9 1 3 3 ,0 5 8 2 6 ,5 7 7 2 8 ,8 5 9 3 0 ,5 9 5 3 4 ,0 9 7 2 8 ,8 0 8 2 2 ,3 1 3 3 1 ,6 3 4 2 8 ,1 7 2 4 1 ,7 0 9 3 3 ,9 0 1 2 7 ,6 2 5 2 9 ,4 4 4 3 1 ,8 8 4 3 5 ,4 1 0 3 0 ,1 0 4 2 3 ,1 7 9 2 .5 .5 2 .0 2 .6 3 .9 2 .0 4 .2 3 .9 4 .5 3 .9 M e d f o r d - A s h la n d , O R .......................................................................... M e lb o u r n e - T it u s v ille - P a lm B a y , F L ................................................. M e m p h is , T N - A R - M S .......................................................................... M e r c e d , C A ............................................................................................. M ia m i, F L ................................................................................................. M id d le s e x - S o m e r s e t - H u n t e r d o n , N J .............................................. M ilw a u k e e - W a u k e s h a , W l ................................................................. M in n e a p o lis - S t . P a u l, M N - W I ........................................................... M is s o u la , M T .......................................................................................... M o b ile , A L ................................................................................................ 2 7 ,2 2 4 3 2 ,7 9 8 3 4 ,6 0 3 2 5 ,4 7 9 3 4 ,5 2 4 4 9 ,9 5 0 3 5 ,6 1 7 4 0 ,8 6 8 2 6 ,1 8 1 2 8 ,1 2 9 2 8 ,0 9 8 3 3 ,9 1 3 3 5 ,9 2 2 2 6 ,7 7 1 3 5 ,6 9 4 5 0 ,4 5 7 3 6 ,5 2 3 4 1 ,7 2 2 2 7 ,2 4 9 2 8 ,7 4 2 3 .2 3 .4 3 .8 5.1 3 .4 1.0 2 .5 2.1 4.1 2 .2 M o d e s to , C A ........................................................................................... M o n m o u t h - O c e a n , N J ........................................................................ M o n r o e , L A ............................................................................................. M o n t g o m e r y , A L ................................................................................... M u n c ie , IN .............................................................................................. M y rtle B e a c h , S C .................................................................................. N a p le s , F L ............................................................................................... N a s h v ille , T N .......................................................................................... N a s s a u - S u f f o lk , N Y ............................................................................. N e w H a v e n - B r id g e p o r t - S ta m fo r d - W a te r b u r y - D a n b u r y , C T .... 2 9 ,5 9 1 3 7 ,0 5 6 2 6 ,5 7 8 2 9 ,1 5 0 2 8 ,3 7 4 2 4 ,0 2 9 3 0 ,8 3 9 3 3 ,9 8 9 3 9 ,6 6 2 5 2 ,1 9 8 3 0 ,7 6 9 3 7 ,7 1 0 2 7 ,6 1 4 3 0 ,5 2 5 2 9 ,0 1 7 2 4 ,6 7 2 3 1 ,5 0 7 3 5 ,0 3 6 4 0 ,3 9 6 5 1 ,1 7 0 4 .0 1.8 3 .9 4 .7 2 .3 2 .7 2 .2 3.1 1 .9 -2 .0 N e w L o n d o n - N o r w ic h , C T ................................................................. N e w O r le a n s , L A .................................................................................. N e w Y o r k , N Y ........................................................................................ N e w a r k , N J .................................................................. .......................... N e w b u r g h , N Y - P A ................................................................................ N o r f o lk - V ir g in ia B e a c h - N e w p o r t N e w s , V A - N C .......................... O a k la n d , C A ........................................................................................... O c a la , F L ................................................................................................. O d e s s a - M id la n d , T X ............................................................................ O k la h o m a C ity , O K ............................................................................... 3 8 ,5 0 5 3 1 ,0 8 9 5 9 ,0 9 7 4 7 ,7 1 5 2 9 ,8 2 7 2 9 ,8 7 5 4 5 ,9 2 0 2 6 ,0 1 2 3 1 ,2 7 8 2 8 ,9 1 5 3 8 ,6 5 0 3 2 ,4 0 7 5 7 ,7 0 8 4 8 ,7 8 1 3 0 ,9 2 0 3 0 ,8 2 3 4 6 ,8 7 7 2 6 ,6 2 8 3 1 ,2 9 5 2 9 ,8 5 0 .4 4 .2 -2 .4 2 .2 3 .7 3 .2 2.1 2 .4 .1 3 .2 S e e fo o t n o te s a t e n d o f ta b le . Monthly Labor Review October 2004 89 Current Labor Statistics: Labor Force Data 26. Continued— Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by metropolitan area, 2001-02 A v e ra g e an n u a l w a g e 2 M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a ’ 2002 $ 3 2 ,7 7 2 3 1 ,8 5 6 4 0 ,2 5 2 3 1 ,2 7 6 2 7 ,3 0 6 2 6 ,4 3 3 2 7 ,9 2 0 2 8 ,0 5 9 3 3 ,2 9 3 4 0 ,2 3 1 $ 3 3 ,7 6 5 3 3 ,1 0 7 4 1 ,2 1 9 3 2 ,4 6 1 2 8 ,1 9 6 2 7 ,4 4 8 2 9 ,5 2 9 2 8 ,1 8 9 3 4 ,2 6 1 4 1 ,1 2 1 3 .0 3 .9 2 .4 3 .8 3 .3 3 .8 5 .8 .5 2 .9 2 .2 P h o e n ix - M e s a , A Z ..................................................... P in e B lu ff, A R .......................................................... P itts b u r g h , P A ............................................................................... P itts fie ld , M A ................................................................ P o c a t e llo , I D ...................................................................................... P o r t la n d , M E ................................................................................. P o r t la n d - V a n c o u v e r , O R - W A ............................................... P r o v id e n c e - W a r w ic k - P a w t u c k e t , R l ............................................... P r o v o - O r e m , U T ............................................................... P u e b lo , C O .......................................................................... 3 5 ,5 1 4 2 7 ,5 6 1 3 5 ,0 2 4 3 1 ,5 6 1 2 4 ,6 2 1 3 2 ,3 2 7 3 7 ,2 8 5 3 3 ,4 0 3 2 8 ,2 6 6 2 7 ,0 9 7 3 6 ,0 4 5 2 8 ,6 9 8 3 5 ,6 2 5 3 2 ,7 0 7 2 5 ,2 1 9 3 3 ,3 0 9 3 7 ,6 5 0 3 4 ,6 1 0 2 8 ,4 1 6 2 7 ,7 6 3 1 .5 4.1 1.7 3 .6 2 .4 3 .0 1.0 3 .6 .5 2 .5 P u n t a G o r d a , F L ...................................................................... R a c in e , W l ............................................................................. R a le ig h - D u r h a m - C h a p e l H ill, N C .................................................... R a p id C ity , S D ........................................................................... R e a d in g , P A ................................................................. R e d d in g , C A .............................................................. R e n o , N V ................................................................. R ic h la n d - K e n n e w ic k - P a s c o , W A ...................................... R ic h m o n d - P e t e r s b u r g , V A ....................................................... R iv e r s id e - S a n B e r n a r d in o , C A .................................................... 2 5 ,4 0 4 3 3 ,3 1 9 3 8 ,6 9 1 2 5 ,5 0 8 3 2 ,8 0 7 2 8 ,1 2 9 3 4 ,2 3 1 3 3 ,3 7 0 3 5 ,8 7 9 3 0 ,5 1 0 2 6 ,1 1 9 3 4 ,3 6 8 3 9 ,0 5 6 2 6 ,4 3 4 3 3 ,9 1 2 2 8 ,9 6 1 3 4 ,7 4 4 3 5 ,1 7 4 3 6 ,7 5 1 3 1 ,5 9 1 2 .8 3.1 .9 3 .6 3 .4 3 .0 1.5 5 .4 2 .4 3 .5 R o a n o k e , V A ...................................................................... R o c h e s t e r , M N ........................................................................... R o c h e s t e r , N Y ........................................................................... R o c k f o r d , I L ......................................................................................... R o c k y M o u n t, N C ................................................................................. S a c r a m e n t o , C A ................................................................................. S a g in a w - B a y C it y - M id la n d , M l ......................................................... S t. C lo u d , M N ............................................................................... S t. J o s e p h , M O ....................................................................... S t. L o u is , M O - I L ..................................................................................... 3 0 ,3 3 0 3 7 ,7 5 3 3 4 ,3 2 7 3 2 ,1 0 4 2 8 ,7 7 0 3 8 ,0 1 6 3 5 ,4 2 9 2 8 ,2 6 3 2 7 ,7 3 4 3 5 ,9 2 8 3 1 ,7 7 5 3 9 ,0 3 6 3 4 ,8 2 7 3 2 ,8 2 7 2 8 ,8 9 3 3 9 ,3 5 4 3 5 ,4 4 4 2 9 ,5 3 5 2 8 ,5 0 7 3 6 ,7 1 2 4 .8 3 .4 1.5 2 .3 .4 3 .5 .0 4 .5 2 .8 2 .2 S a le m , O R ............................................................................... S a lin a s , C A ............................................................................... S a lt L a k e C it y - O g d e n , U T .................................................................. S a n A n g e lo , T X ........................................................................ S a n A n to n io , T X ...................................................................... S a n D ie g o , C A ................................................................................. S a n F r a n c is c o , C A ................................................................. S a n J o s e , C A ...................................................................... S a n L u is O b is p o - A t a s c a d e r o - P a s o R o b le s , C A ......................... S a n t a B a r b a r a - S a n t a M a r ia - L o m p o c , C A ..................................... 2 8 ,3 3 6 3 1 ,7 3 5 3 1 ,9 6 5 2 6 ,1 4 7 3 0 ,6 5 0 3 8 ,4 1 8 5 9 ,6 5 4 6 5 ,9 3 1 2 9 ,0 9 2 3 3 ,6 2 6 2 9 ,2 1 0 3 2 ,4 6 3 3 2 ,6 0 0 2 6 ,3 2 1 3 1 ,3 3 6 3 9 ,3 0 5 5 6 ,6 0 2 6 3 ,0 5 6 2 9 ,9 8 1 3 4 ,3 8 2 3.1 2 .3 2 .0 .7 2 .2 2 .3 -5.1 -4 .4 3.1 2 .2 S a n t a C r u z - W a t s o n v ille , C A ............................................... S a n t a F e , N M .......................................................... S a n t a R o s a , C A ........................................................................ S a r a s o t a - B r a d e n t o n , F L ......................................................... S a v a n n a h , G A ............................................................................ S c r a n t o n - W ilk e s - B a r r e - H a z le t o n , P A .......................................... S e a t t le - B e lle v u e - E v e r e t t , W A .................................................. S h a r o n , P A ........................................................................... S h e b o y g a n , W l ............................................................................... S h e r m a n - D e n is o n , T X ......................................................................... 3 5 ,0 2 2 3 0 ,6 7 1 3 6 ,1 4 5 2 7 ,9 5 8 3 0 ,1 7 6 2 8 ,6 4 2 4 5 ,2 9 9 2 6 ,7 0 7 3 0 ,8 4 0 3 0 ,3 9 7 3 5 ,7 2 1 3 2 ,2 6 9 3 6 ,4 9 4 2 8 ,9 5 0 3 0 ,7 9 6 2 9 ,3 3 6 4 6 ,0 9 3 2 7 ,8 7 2 3 2 ,1 4 8 3 0 ,0 8 5 2 .0 5 .2 1.0 3 .5 2.1 2 .4 1.8 4 .4 4 .2 -1 .0 S h r e v e p o r t - B o s s ie r C ity , L A .............................................................. S io u x C ity , I A - N E .................................................................. S io u x F a ils , S D ..................................................................... S o u t h B e n d , IN .................................................................................... S p o k a n e , W A .................................................................................. S p r in g f ie ld , I L ....................................................................................... S p r in g f ie ld , M O ................................................................................. S p r in g f ie ld , M A ...................................................................... S t a t e C o lle g e , P A ............................................................................ S te u b e n v ille - W e ir t o n , O H - W V ......................................................... 2 7 ,8 5 6 2 6 ,7 5 5 2 8 ,9 6 2 3 0 ,7 6 9 2 9 ,3 1 0 3 6 ,0 6 1 2 7 ,3 3 8 3 2 ,8 0 1 2 9 ,9 3 9 2 8 ,4 8 3 2 8 ,7 6 9 2 7 ,5 4 3 2 9 ,9 7 5 3 1 ,8 2 1 3 0 ,0 3 7 3 7 ,3 3 6 2 7 ,9 8 7 3 3 ,9 7 2 3 0 ,9 1 0 2 9 ,1 2 9 3 .3 2 .9 3 .5 3 .4 2 .5 3 .5 2 .4 3 .6 3 .2 2 .3 O ly m p ia , W A ..................................................................... O m a h a , N E - I A ..................................................................... O r a n g e C o u n ty , C A .................................................. O r la n d o , F L ......................................................................... O w e n s b o r o , K Y .................................................................. P a n a m a C ity , F L ................................................................ P a r k e r s b u r g - M a r le t ta , W V - O H ........................................... P e n s a c o la , F L ...................................................................... P e o r ia - P e k in , I L ............................................................ P h ila d e lp h ia , P A - N J ............................................................... S e e fo o t n o te s a t e n d o f ta b le . 90 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis P e rce n t change, 2 0 0 1 -0 2 2001 October 2004 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 26. Continued— Annual data: Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, by metropolitan area, 2001-02 A v e r a g e a n n u a l w age? M e tro p o lita n a re a ' P e rc e n t change, 2001-02 2001 2002 S to c k t o n - L o d i, C A ................................................................................. S u m t e r , S C ............................................................................................. S y r a c u s e , N Y .......................................................................................... T a c o m a , W A ........................................................................................... T a lla h a s s e e , F L ..................................................................................... T a m p a - S t. P e t e r s b u r g - C le a r w a t e r , F L .......................................... T e r r e F la u te , I N ...................................................................................... T e x a r k a n a , T X - T e x a r k a n a , A R ........................................................ T o le d o , O H ............................................................................................. T o p e k a , K S ............................................................................................. $ 3 0 ,8 1 8 2 4 ,4 5 0 3 2 ,2 5 4 3 1 ,2 6 1 2 9 ,7 0 8 3 1 ,6 7 8 2 7 ,3 3 4 2 6 ,4 9 2 3 2 ,2 9 9 3 0 ,5 1 3 $ 3 1 ,9 5 8 2 4 ,9 8 2 3 3 ,7 5 2 3 2 ,5 0 7 3 0 ,8 9 5 3 2 ,4 5 8 2 8 ,4 1 5 2 7 ,7 1 7 3 3 ,5 1 3 3 1 ,7 0 7 3 .7 2 .2 4 .6 4 .0 4 .0 2 .5 4 .0 4 .6 3 .8 3 .9 T r e n to n , N J ............................................................................................. T u c s o n , A Z ............................................................................................. T u ls a , O K ................................................................................................. T u s c a lo o s a , A L ...................................................................................... T y le r , T X .................................................................................................. U t ic a - R o m e , N Y ..................................................................................... V a lle j o - F a ir f ie ld - N a p a , C A ................................................................. V e n t u r a , C A ............................................................................................ V ic to r ia , T X ............................................................................................. V in e la n d - M illv ille - B r id g e t o n , N J ....................................................... 4 6 ,8 3 1 3 0 ,6 9 0 3 1 ,9 0 4 2 9 ,9 7 2 3 0 ,5 5 1 2 7 ,7 7 7 3 3 ,9 0 3 3 7 ,7 8 3 2 9 ,0 6 8 3 2 ,5 7 1 4 7 ,9 6 9 3 1 ,6 7 3 3 2 ,2 4 1 3 0 ,7 4 5 3 1 ,0 5 0 2 8 ,5 0 0 3 4 ,5 4 3 3 8 ,1 9 5 2 9 ,1 6 8 3 3 ,6 2 5 2 .4 3 .2 1.1 2 .6 1 .6 2 .6 1.9 1.1 .3 3 .2 V is a lia - T u la r e - P o r t e r v ille , C A ........................................................... W a c o , T X ................................................................................................. W a s h in g to n , D C - M D - V A - W V ............................................................ W a t e r lo o - C e d a r F a lls , I A ................................................................... W a u s a u , W l ............................................................................................ W e s t P a lm B e a c h - B o c a R a to n , F L ................................................. W h e e lin g , W V - O H ................................................................................ W ic h ita , K S ............................................................................................. W ic h it a F a lls , T X ................................................................................... W illia m s p o r t , P A .................................................................................... 2 4 ,7 3 2 2 8 ,2 4 5 4 7 ,5 8 9 2 9 ,1 1 9 2 9 ,4 0 2 3 5 ,9 5 7 2 6 ,2 8 2 3 2 ,9 8 3 2 5 ,5 5 7 2 7 ,8 0 1 2 5 ,6 5 0 2 8 ,8 8 5 4 8 ,4 3 0 2 9 ,9 1 6 3 0 ,2 9 2 3 6 ,5 5 0 2 6 ,6 9 3 3 3 ,4 2 9 2 6 ,3 8 7 2 7 ,9 8 8 3 .7 2 .3 1.8 2 .7 3 .0 1.6 1.6 1 .4 3 .2 .7 W ilm in g to n - N e w a r k , D E - M D ............................................................. W ilm in g to n , N C ...................................................................................... Y a k im a , W A ............................................................................................ Y o lo , C A .................................................................................................. Y o r k , P A .................................................................................................. Y o u n g s t o w n - W a r r e n , O H .................................................................. Y u b a C ity , C A ........................................................................................ Y u m a , A Z ................................................................................................. 4 2 ,1 7 7 2 9 ,2 8 7 2 4 ,2 0 4 3 5 ,3 5 2 3 1 ,9 3 6 2 8 ,7 8 9 2 7 ,7 8 1 2 2 ,4 1 5 4 3 ,4 0 1 2 9 ,1 5 7 2 4 ,9 3 4 3 5 ,5 9 1 3 2 ,6 0 9 2 9 ,7 9 9 2 8 ,9 6 7 2 3 ,4 2 9 2 .9 -.4 3 .0 .7 2.1 3 .5 4 .3 4 .5 A g u a d illa , P R .......................................................................................... A r e c ib o , P R ............................................................................................ C a g u a s , P R ............................................................................................ M a y a g u e z , P R ....................................................................................... P o n c e , P R ............................................................................................... S a n J u a n - B a y a m o n , P R ..................................................................... 1 8 ,0 6 1 1 6 ,6 0 0 1 8 ,6 5 5 1 7 ,1 0 1 1 7 ,3 9 7 2 0 ,9 4 8 1 9 ,2 8 3 1 8 ,0 6 3 1 9 ,7 0 6 1 7 ,5 0 0 1 8 ,1 8 7 2 1 ,9 3 0 6 .8 8 .8 5 .6 2 .3 4 .5 4 .7 ' I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r M e tr o p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a s ( M S A ) a n d P r im a r y M e tr o p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a s ( P M S A ) a s d e f in e d b y O M B B u lle tin N o . 9 9 - 0 4 . In th e N e w E n g la n d a r e a s , th e N e w E n g la n d C o u n t y M e tr o p o lita n A r e a ( N E C M A ) d e f in it io n s w e r e u s e d . 2 E a c h y e a r ’s to ta l is b a s e d o n th e M S A d e fin itio n fo r th e s p e c if ic y e a r . d if f e r e n c e s r e s u ltin g fro m c h a n g e s in M S A d e fin itio n s . A n n u a l c h a n g e s in c lu d e 3 T o t a ls d o n o t in c lu d e th e s ix M S A s w ith in P u e r to R ic o . N O T E : I n c lu d e s w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y U n e m p lo y m e n t fo r F e d e r a l E m p lo y e e s ( U C F E ) p ro g r a m s . I n s u r a n c e (U l) a n d U n e m p lo y m e n t C o m p e n s a t io n Monthly Labor Review October 2004 91 Current Labor Statistics: 27. Labor Force Data Annual data: Employment status of the population [Numbers in thousands] Employment status 1993 19941 1995 1996 19971 19981 19991 20001 2001 2002 2003 C iv ilia n n o n in s t it u tio n a l p o p u la t io n ............ 1 9 4 ,8 3 8 1 9 6 ,8 1 4 1 9 8 ,5 8 4 2 0 0 ,5 9 1 2 0 3 ,1 3 3 2 0 5 ,2 2 0 2 0 7 ,7 5 3 2 1 2 ,5 7 7 2 1 5 ,0 9 2 2 1 7 ,5 7 0 2 2 1 ,1 6 8 C iv ilia n la b o r f o r c e ....................................... 1 2 9 ,2 0 0 1 3 1 ,0 5 6 1 3 2 ,3 0 4 1 3 3 ,9 4 3 1 3 6 ,2 9 7 1 3 7 ,6 7 3 1 3 9 ,3 6 8 1 4 2 ,5 8 3 1 4 3 ,7 3 4 1 4 4 ,8 6 3 1 4 6 ,5 1 0 L a b o r f o r c e p a r tic ip a tio n r a t e ................ 6 6 .3 6 6 .6 6 6 .6 6 6 .8 6 7.1 67.1 6 7.1 6 7.1 6 6 .8 6 6 .6 6 6 .2 E m p lo y e d .................................................. 1 2 0 ,2 5 9 1 2 3 ,0 6 0 1 2 4 ,9 0 0 1 2 6 ,7 0 8 1 2 9 ,5 5 8 1 3 1 ,4 6 3 1 3 3 ,4 8 8 1 3 6 ,8 9 1 1 3 6 ,9 3 3 1 3 6 ,4 8 5 1 3 7 ,7 3 6 E m p lo y m e n t- p o p u la t io n r a tio .......... 6 1 .7 6 2 .5 6 2 .9 6 3 .2 6 3 .8 64.1 6 4 .3 6 4 .4 6 3 .7 6 2 .7 6 2 .3 U n e m p lo y e d ............................................ 8 ,9 4 0 7 ,9 9 6 7 ,4 0 4 7 ,2 3 6 6 ,7 3 9 6 ,2 1 0 5 ,8 8 0 5 ,6 9 2 6 ,8 0 1 8 ,3 7 8 8 ,7 7 4 U n e m p lo y m e n t r a t e ............................ 6 .9 6.1 5 .6 5 .4 4 .9 4 .5 4 .2 4 .0 4 .7 5 .8 6 .0 N o t in th e la b o r f o r c e ................................... 6 5 ,6 3 8 6 5 ,7 5 8 6 6 ,2 8 0 6 6 ,6 4 7 6 6 ,8 3 6 6 7 ,5 4 7 6 8 ,3 8 5 6 9 ,9 9 4 7 1 ,3 5 9 7 2 ,7 0 7 7 4 ,6 5 8 ’ N o t s tr ic t ly c o m p a r a b le w ith p rio r y e a r s . 28. Annual data: Employment levels by Industry [In thousands] Industry 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 T o ta l p r iv a t e e m p lo y m e n t .................................. 9 1 ,8 5 5 9 5 ,0 1 6 9 7 ,8 6 6 1 0 0 ,1 6 9 1 0 3 ,1 1 3 1 0 6 ,0 2 1 1 0 8 ,6 8 6 1 1 0 ,9 9 6 1 1 0 ,7 0 7 1 0 8 ,8 2 8 1 0 8 ,3 5 6 T o t a l n o n fa r m e m p lo y m e n t ............................... 1 1 0 ,8 4 4 1 1 4 ,2 9 1 1 1 7 ,2 9 8 1 1 9 ,7 0 8 1 2 2 ,7 7 0 1 2 5 ,9 3 0 1 2 8 ,9 9 3 1 3 1 ,7 8 5 1 3 1 ,8 2 6 1 3 0 ,3 4 1 1 2 9 ,9 3 1 G o o d s - p r o d u c in g ............................................... 2 2 ,2 1 9 2 2 ,7 7 4 2 3 ,1 5 6 2 3 ,4 1 0 2 3 ,8 8 6 2 4 ,3 5 4 2 4 ,4 6 5 2 4 ,6 4 9 2 3 ,8 7 3 2 2 ,5 5 7 2 1 ,8 1 7 N a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in g ................... 666 659 641 637 654 645 598 599 606 583 5 71 C o n s t r u c t io n ................................................... 4 ,7 7 9 5 ,0 9 5 5 ,2 7 4 5 ,5 3 6 5 ,8 1 3 6 ,1 4 9 6 ,5 4 5 6 ,7 8 7 6 ,8 2 6 6 ,7 1 6 6 ,7 2 2 M a n u f a c t u r in g ................................................ 1 6 ,7 4 4 1 7 ,0 2 1 1 7 ,2 4 1 1 7 ,2 3 7 1 7 ,4 1 9 1 7 ,5 6 0 1 7 ,3 2 2 1 7 ,2 6 3 1 6 ,4 4 1 1 5 ,2 5 9 1 4 ,5 2 5 P r iv a t e s e r v ic e - p r o v id in g ............................... 6 9 ,6 3 6 7 2 ,2 4 2 7 4 ,7 1 0 7 6 ,7 5 9 7 9 ,2 2 7 8 1 ,6 6 7 8 4 ,2 2 1 8 6 ,3 4 6 8 6 ,8 3 4 8 6 ,2 7 1 8 6 ,5 3 8 T r a d e , tr a n s p o r ta tio n , a n d u tilitie s ........... 2 2 ,3 7 8 2 3 ,1 2 8 2 3 ,8 3 4 2 4 ,2 3 9 2 4 ,7 0 0 2 5 ,1 8 6 2 5 ,7 7 1 2 6 ,2 2 5 2 5 ,9 8 3 2 5 ,4 9 7 2 5 ,2 7 5 W h o le s a le t r a d e .......................................... 5 ,0 9 3 .2 5 ,2 4 7 .3 5 ,4 3 3 .1 5 ,5 2 2 .0 5 ,6 6 3 .9 5 ,7 9 5 .2 5 ,8 9 2 .5 5 ,9 3 3 .2 5 ,7 7 2 .7 5 ,6 5 2 .3 5 ,6 0 5 .6 R e ta il t r a d e ................................................... 1 3 ,0 2 0 .5 1 3 ,4 9 0 .8 1 3 ,8 9 6 .7 1 4 ,1 4 2 .5 1 4 ,3 8 8 .9 1 4 ,6 0 9 .3 1 4 ,9 7 0 .1 1 5 ,2 7 9 .8 1 5 ,2 3 8 .6 1 5 ,0 2 5 .1 1 4 ,9 1 1 .5 T r a n s p o r t a t io n a n d w a r e h o u s in g .......... 3 ,5 5 3 .8 3 ,7 0 1 .0 3 ,8 3 7 .8 3 ,9 3 5 .3 4 ,0 2 6 .5 4 ,1 6 8 .0 4 ,3 0 0 .3 4 ,4 1 0 .3 4 ,3 7 2 .0 4 ,2 2 3 .6 4 ,1 7 6 .7 U t ilit ie s ........................................................... 7 1 0 .7 6 8 9 .3 6 6 6 .2 6 3 9 .6 6 2 0 .9 6 1 3 .4 6 0 8 .5 6 0 1 .3 5 9 9 .4 5 9 6 .2 5 8 0 .8 I n fo r m a tio n ...................................................... 2 ,6 6 8 2 ,7 3 8 2 ,8 4 3 2 ,9 4 0 3 ,0 8 4 3 ,2 1 8 3 ,4 1 9 3 ,6 3 1 3 ,6 2 9 3 ,3 9 5 3 ,1 9 8 F in a n c ia l a c t iv it ie s ........................................ 6 ,7 0 9 6 ,8 6 7 6 ,8 2 7 6 ,9 6 9 7 ,1 7 8 7 ,4 6 2 7 ,6 4 8 7 ,6 8 7 7 ,8 0 7 7 ,8 4 7 7 ,9 7 4 P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ...... 1 1 ,4 9 5 1 2 ,1 7 4 1 2 ,8 4 4 1 3 ,4 6 2 1 4 ,3 3 5 1 5 ,1 4 7 1 5 ,9 5 7 1 6 ,6 6 6 1 6 ,4 7 6 1 5 ,9 7 6 1 5 ,9 9 7 E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s ................ 1 2 ,3 0 3 1 2 ,8 0 7 1 3 ,2 8 9 1 3 ,6 8 3 1 4 ,0 8 7 1 4 ,4 4 6 1 4 ,7 9 8 1 5 ,1 0 9 1 5 ,6 4 5 1 6 ,1 9 9 1 6 ,5 7 7 L e is u r e a n d h o s p it a lit y ............................... 9 ,7 3 2 1 0 ,1 0 0 1 0 ,5 0 1 1 0 ,7 7 7 1 1 ,0 1 8 1 1 ,2 3 2 1 1 ,5 4 3 1 1 ,8 6 2 1 2 ,0 3 6 1 1 ,9 8 6 1 2 ,1 2 5 O t h e r s e r v ic e s ................................................ 4 ,3 5 0 4 ,4 2 8 4 ,5 7 2 4 ,6 9 0 4 ,8 2 5 4 ,9 7 6 5 ,0 8 7 5 ,1 6 8 5 ,2 5 8 5 ,3 7 2 5 ,3 9 3 G o v e r n m e n t ............................................................ 1 8 ,9 8 9 1 9 ,2 7 5 1 9 ,4 3 2 1 9 ,5 3 9 1 9 ,6 6 4 1 9 ,9 0 9 2 0 ,3 0 7 2 0 ,7 9 0 2 1 ,1 1 8 2 1 ,5 1 3 2 1 ,5 7 5 N o t e : D a t a r e f le c t th e c o n v e r s io n to th e 2 0 0 2 v e r s io n o f th e N o r th A m e r ic a n I n d u s try C la s s if ic a t io n S y s t e m (NAICS), r e p la c in g th e S ta n d a r d I n d u s t r ia l C la s s if ic a t io n (SIC) s y s t e m . N A ic s - b a s e d d a t a b y in d u s t r y a r e n o t c o m p a r a b le w ith s ic - b a s e d d a ta . S e e " N o t e s o n th e d a ta " fo r a d e s c r ip tio n o f th e m o s t r e c e n t b e n c h m a r k r e v is io n . 92 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 29. Annual data: Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls, by industry Industry 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 P riv a te s e c to r: A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ........................................................ A v e r a g e h o u rly e a r n in g s (In d o lla r s ) ............................. G o o d s - p r o d u c in q : A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ...................................................... 3 4 .3 3 4 .5 3 4 .3 3 4 .3 3 4 .5 3 4 .5 3 4 .3 3 4 .3 3 4 .0 3 3 .7 3 3 .9 1 1 .0 3 1 1 .3 2 1 1 .6 4 1 2 .0 3 1 2 .4 9 1 3 .0 0 1 3 .4 7 1 4 .0 0 1 4 .5 3 1 4 .9 5 1 5 .3 5 3 7 8 .4 0 3 9 0 .7 3 3 9 9 .5 3 4 1 2 .7 4 4 3 1 .2 5 4 4 8 .0 4 4 6 2 .4 9 4 8 0 .4 1 4 9 3 .2 0 5 0 6 .0 7 5 1 7 .3 6 4 0 .6 4 1.1 4 0 .8 4 0 .8 4 1.1 4 0 .8 4 0 .8 4 0 .7 3 9 .9 3 9 .9 3 9 .8 1 2 .2 8 1 2 .6 3 1 2 .9 6 1 3 .3 8 1 3 .8 2 1 4 .2 3 14.7 1 1 5 .2 7 1 5 .7 8 1 6 .3 3 1 6 .8 0 5 1 9 .5 8 5 2 8 .6 2 6 2 1 .8 6 6 3 0 .0 4 6 5 1 .6 1 6 6 9 .2 3 4 9 8 .8 2 5 4 6 .4 8 5 6 8 .4 3 5 8 0 .9 9 5 9 9 .9 9 N a tu ra l r e s o u r c e s a n d m in in q A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s .................................................... 4 4 .9 4 5 .3 4 5 .3 4 6 .0 4 6 .2 4 4 .9 4 4 .2 4 4 .4 4 4 .6 4 3 .2 4 3 .6 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) .......................... 1 4 .1 2 14.41 1 4 .7 8 1 5 .1 0 1 5 .5 7 1 6 .2 0 1 6 .3 3 1 6 .5 5 1 7 .0 0 1 7 .1 9 1 7 .5 8 6 3 4 .7 7 6 5 3 .1 4 6 7 0 .3 2 6 9 5 .0 7 7 2 0 .1 1 7 2 7 .2 8 7 2 1 .7 4 7 3 4 .9 2 7 5 7 .9 2 7 4 1 .9 7 7 6 6 .8 3 C o n s t r u c t io n : A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s .................................................... 3 8 .4 3 8 .8 3 8 .8 3 8 .9 3 8 .9 3 8 .8 3 9 .0 3 9 .2 3 8 .7 3 8 .4 3 8 .4 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) .......................... 1 4 .0 4 1 4 .3 8 1 4 .7 3 15.11 1 5 .6 7 1 6 .2 3 1 6 .8 0 1 7 .4 8 1 8 .0 0 1 8 .5 2 1 8 .9 5 5 3 9 .8 1 5 5 8 .5 3 5 7 1 .5 7 5 8 8 .4 8 6 0 9 .4 8 6 2 9 .7 5 6 5 5 .1 1 6 8 5 .7 8 6 9 5 .8 9 7 1 1 .8 2 7 2 7 .1 1 M a n u fa c t u rin g : A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s .................................................... 4 1.1 4 1 .7 4 1 .3 4 1 .3 4 1 .7 4 1 .4 4 1 .4 4 1 .3 4 0 .3 4 0 .5 4 0 .4 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) .......................... 1 1 .7 0 1 2 .0 4 1 2 .3 4 1 2 .7 5 1 3 .1 4 1 3 .4 5 1 3 .8 5 1 4 .3 2 1 4 .7 6 1 5 .2 9 1 5 .7 4 A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ........................ 4 8 0 .8 0 5 0 2 .1 2 5 0 9 .2 6 5 2 6 .5 5 5 4 8 .2 2 5 5 7 .1 2 5 7 3 .1 7 5 9 0 .6 5 5 9 5 .1 9 6 1 8 .7 5 6 3 6 .0 7 P riv a te s e r v ic e - p r o v id in g : 3 2 .5 3 2 .7 3 2 .6 3 2 .6 3 2 .8 3 2 .8 3 2 .7 3 2 .7 3 2 .5 3 2 .5 3 2 .4 1 0 .6 0 1 0 .8 7 1 1 .1 9 1 1 .5 7 1 2 .0 5 1 2 .5 9 1 3 .0 7 1 3 .6 0 1 4 .1 6 1 4 .5 6 1 4 .9 6 3 4 5 .0 3 3 5 4 .9 7 3 6 4 .1 4 3 7 6 .7 2 3 9 4 .7 7 4 1 2 .7 8 4 2 7 .3 0 4 4 5 .0 0 4 6 0 .3 2 4 7 2 .8 8 4 8 4 .0 0 T r a d e , t ra n s p o rt a tio n , a n d u tilitie s : A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ..................................................... 34.1 3 4 .3 34.1 34.1 3 4 .3 3 4 .2 3 3 .9 3 3 .8 3 3 .5 3 3 .6 3 3 .6 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ........................... 1 0 .5 5 1 0 .8 0 1 1 .1 0 1 1 .4 6 1 1 .9 0 1 2 .3 9 1 2 .8 2 1 3.3 1 1 3 .7 0 1 4 .0 2 1 4 .3 4 3 5 9 .3 3 3 7 0 .3 8 3 7 8 .7 9 3 9 0 .6 4 4 0 7 .5 7 4 2 3 .3 0 4 3 4 .3 1 4 4 9 .8 8 4 5 9 .5 3 4 7 1 .2 7 4 8 1 .1 0 W h o le s a le tra d e : A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ................................................ 3 8 .5 3 8 .8 3 8 .6 3 8 .6 3 8 .8 3 8 .6 3 8 .6 3 8 .8 3 8 .4 3 8 .0 3 7 .8 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ...................... 1 2 .5 7 1 2 .9 3 1 3 .3 4 1 3 .8 0 14.41 1 5 .0 7 1 5 .6 2 1 6 .2 8 1 6 .7 7 1 6 .9 8 1 7 .3 6 4 8 4 .4 6 5 0 1 .1 7 5 1 5 .1 4 5 3 3 .2 9 5 5 9 .3 9 5 8 2 .2 1 6 0 2 .7 7 6 3 1 .4 0 6 4 3 .4 5 6 4 4 .3 8 6 5 7 .1 2 A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ................................................ 3 0 .7 3 0 .9 3 0 .8 3 0 .7 3 0 .9 3 0 .9 3 0 .8 3 0 .7 3 0 .7 3 0 .9 3 0 .9 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ...................... 8 .3 6 8.61 8 .8 5 9.21 9 .5 9 1 0 .0 5 1 0 .4 5 1 0 .8 6 1 1 .2 9 1 1 .6 7 1 1 .9 0 4 8 4 .4 6 5 0 1 .1 7 5 1 5 .1 4 5 3 3 .2 9 5 5 9 .3 9 5 8 2 .2 1 6 0 2 .7 7 6 3 1 .4 0 6 4 3 .4 5 6 4 4 .3 8 6 5 7 .1 2 R e ta il tra d e : T r a n s p o r t a t io n a n d w a re h o u s in g : A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ................................................ 3 8 .9 3 9 .5 3 8 .9 39.1 3 9 .4 3 8 .7 3 7 .6 3 7 .4 3 6 .7 3 6 .8 3 6 .8 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ...................... 12.7 1 1 2 .8 4 1 3 .1 8 1 3 .4 5 1 3 .7 8 1 4 .1 2 1 4 .5 5 1 5 .0 5 1 5 .3 3 1 5 .7 6 1 6 .2 5 4 9 4 .3 6 5 0 7 .2 7 5 1 3 .3 7 5 2 5 .6 0 5 4 2 .5 5 5 4 6 .8 6 5 4 7 .9 7 5 6 2 .3 1 5 6 2 .7 0 5 7 9 .7 5 5 9 7 .7 9 U tilitie s : A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ................................................ 4 2.1 4 2 .3 4 2 .3 4 2 .0 4 2 .0 4 2 .0 4 2 .0 4 2 .0 4 1 .4 4 0 .9 4 1.1 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ...................... 1 7 .9 5 1 8 .6 6 1 9 .1 9 1 9 .7 8 2 0 .5 9 2 1 .4 8 2 2 .0 3 2 2 .7 5 2 3 .5 8 2 3 .9 6 2 4 .7 6 7 5 6 .3 5 7 8 9 .9 8 8 1 1 .5 2 8 3 0 .7 4 8 6 5 .2 6 9 0 2 .9 4 9 2 4 .5 9 9 5 5 .6 6 9 7 7 .1 8 9 7 9 .0 9 1 ,0 1 6 .9 4 In fo rm a tio n : A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ................................................ 3 6 .0 3 6 .0 3 6 .0 3 6 .4 3 6 .3 3 6 .6 3 6 .7 3 6 .8 3 6 .9 3 6 .5 3 6 .2 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ..................... 1 4 .8 6 1 5 .3 2 1 5 .6 8 1 6 .3 0 1 7 .1 4 1 7 .6 7 1 8 .4 0 1 9 .0 7 1 9 .8 0 2 0 .2 0 2 1 .0 1 5 3 5 .2 5 5 5 1 .2 8 5 6 4 .9 8 5 9 2 .6 8 6 2 2 .4 0 6 4 6 .5 2 6 7 5 .3 2 7 0 0 .8 9 7 3 1 .1 1 7 3 8 .1 7 7 6 1 .1 3 F in a n c ia l a c tiv it ie s : A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ................................................ 3 5 .5 3 5 .5 3 5 .5 3 5 .5 3 5 .7 3 6 .0 3 5 .8 3 5 .9 3 5 .8 3 5 .6 3 5 .5 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ..................... 1 1 .3 6 1 1 .8 2 1 2 .2 8 1 2.7 1 1 3 .2 2 1 3 .9 3 1 4 .4 7 1 4 .9 8 1 5 .5 9 1 6 .1 7 1 7 .1 3 4 0 3 .0 2 4 1 9 .2 0 4 3 6 .1 2 4 5 1 .4 9 4 7 2 .3 7 5 0 0 .9 5 5 1 7 .5 7 5 3 7 .3 7 5 5 8 .0 2 5 7 5 .5 1 6 0 8 .8 7 P r o f e s s io n a l a n d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s : A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ................................................ 3 4 .0 34.1 3 4 .0 34.1 3 4 .3 3 4 .3 3 4 .4 3 4 .5 3 4 .2 3 4 .2 3 4.1 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ...................... 1 1 .9 6 1 2 .1 5 1 2 .5 3 1 3 .0 0 1 3 .5 7 1 4 .2 7 1 4 .8 5 1 5 .5 2 1 6 .3 3 16.8 1 1 7 .2 0 A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) .................... 4 0 6 .2 0 4 1 4 .1 6 4 2 6 .4 4 4 4 2 .8 1 4 6 5 .5 1 4 9 0 .0 0 5 1 0 .9 9 5 3 5 .0 7 5 5 7 .8 4 5 7 4 .6 6 5 8 6 .6 8 E d u c a t io n a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s : A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ................................................ 3 2 .0 3 2 .0 3 2 .0 3 1 .9 3 2 .2 3 2 .2 32.1 3 2 .2 3 2 .3 3 2 .4 3 2 .3 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) ..................... 11.21 1 1 .5 0 1 1 .8 0 1 2 .1 7 1 2 .5 6 1 3 .0 0 1 3 .4 4 1 3 .9 5 1 4 .6 4 15.2 1 1 5 .6 4 3 5 9 .0 8 3 6 8 .1 4 3 7 7 .7 3 3 8 8 .2 7 4 0 4 .6 5 4 1 8 .8 2 4 3 1 .3 5 4 4 9 .2 9 4 7 3 .3 9 4 9 2 .7 4 5 0 5 .7 6 A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ................................................ 2 5 .9 2 6 .0 2 5 .9 2 5 .9 2 6 .0 2 6 .2 2 6.1 2 6.1 2 5 .8 2 5 .8 2 5 .6 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (In d o lla r s ) ..................... 6 .3 2 6 .4 6 6 .6 2 6 .8 2 7 .1 3 7 .4 8 7 .7 6 8.11 8 .3 5 8 .5 8 8 .7 6 A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) .................... 1 6 3 .4 5 1 6 8 .0 0 1 7 1 .4 3 1 7 6 .4 8 1 8 5 .8 1 1 9 5 .8 2 2 0 2 .8 7 2 1 1 .7 9 2 1 5 .1 9 2 2 1 .2 6 2 2 4 .2 5 L e is u r e a n d h o s p ita lity : O t h e r s e r v ic e s : 3 2 .5 3 2 .3 3 2 .0 3 1 .4 3 2 .6 3 2 .7 3 2 .6 3 2 .5 3 2 .7 9 .9 0 1 0 .1 8 10.51 1 0 .8 5 1 1 .2 9 1 1 .7 9 1 2 .2 6 1 2 .7 3 1 3 .2 7 1 3 .7 2 1 3 .8 4 3 4 2 .3 6 3 5 2 .6 2 3 6 8 .6 3 3 8 4 .2 5 3 9 8 .7 7 4 1 3 .4 1 4 2 8 .6 4 4 3 9 .7 6 4 3 4 .4 9 A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s (in d o lla r s ) .................... NOTE: 3 2 2 .6 9 3 3 2 .4 4 3 2 .6 3 2 .5 A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u r s ................................................ A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s (In d o lla r s ) ...................... D a t a r e f le c t th e c o n v e r s io n to th e 2 0 0 2 v e r s io n o f th e N o rth A m e r ic a n In d u s try C la s s if ic a t io n S y s t e m (NAICS), r e p la c in g th e S t a n d a r d In d u s tria l C la s s if ic a t io n (SIC) s y s t e m . N A ic s - b a s e d d a ta b y in d u s t r y a r e n o t c o m p a r a b le w ith S I C - b a s e d d a ta . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 93 Current Labor Statistics: Compensation & Industrial Relations 30. Employment Cost Index, compensation,1by occupation and industry group [June 1989 = 100] 2002 Series June Sept. 2003 Dec. Mar. June 2004 Sept. Dec. Mar. Percent change June 3 months 12 months ended ended June 2004 2 C iv ilia n w o r k e r s ............................................................................... 1 5 9 .9 1 6 1 .3 1 6 2 .2 1 6 4 .5 W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ........................................................................ 162 .1 1 6 3 .5 1 6 4 .3 P r o f e s s io n a l s p e c ia lt y a n d t e c h n ic a l....................................... 1 5 9 .3 1 6 1 .4 1 6 2 .4 E x e c u t iv e , a d m in it r a t iv e , a n d m a n a g e r ia l............................. 1 6 5 .6 1 6 6 .3 A d m in is t r a t iv e s u p p o r t, in c lu d in g c le r ic a l.............................. 1 6 3 .3 1 6 4 .9 1 6 5 .8 1 6 7 .6 1 6 8 .4 1 7 0 .7 1 7 2 .2 0 .9 3 .9 1 6 6 .7 1 6 7 .9 1 6 9 .9 1 7 0 .7 1 7 2 .7 1 7 4 .0 .8 3 .6 164 .1 1 6 5 .0 1 6 7 .0 1 6 8 .0 1 7 0 .2 1 7 1 .2 .6 3 .8 1 6 6 .7 171 .1 1 7 2 .0 1 7 4 .0 1 7 4 .9 1 7 5 .8 1 77 .1 .7 3 .0 1 66 .1 1 6 8 .3 1 7 0 .0 1 7 1 .7 1 7 2 .5 1 7 5 .3 1 7 7 .2 1.1 4 .2 W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p : B lu e - c o lla r w o r k e r s .......................................................................... 155 .1 1 5 6 .4 1 5 7 .5 1 5 9 .8 1 6 1 .4 1 6 2 .9 1 6 3 .7 1 6 6 .9 1 6 8 .8 1.1 4 .6 S e r v ic e o c c u p a t io n s ........................................................................ 1 5 9 .4 1 6 1 .3 1 6 2 .2 164 .1 1 6 5 .0 1 6 6 .8 1 6 7 .9 1 6 9 .7 1 7 0 .9 .7 3 .6 G o o d s - p r o d u c in g .............................................................................. 1 5 7 .7 1 5 8 .7 1 6 9 .2 163 .1 1 6 4 .6 1 6 5 .8 1 6 6 .8 1 7 0 .4 1 7 1 .9 .9 4 .4 M a n u f a c t u r in g ................................................................................. 158 .1 1 59 .1 1 6 0 .5 1 6 4 .0 1 6 5 .4 1 6 6 .5 167 .1 1 7 1 .7 1 7 3 .2 .9 4 .7 S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g ............................................................................ 1 6 0 .7 1 6 2 .2 1 6 2 .8 1 6 5 .0 1 6 6 .2 1 6 8 .2 1 69 .1 1 7 0 .8 1 7 2 .3 .9 3 .7 S e r v i c e s ............................................................................................. 161 .1 1 6 3 .2 1 6 3 .9 1 6 5 .3 1 6 6 .3 1 6 8 .5 1 6 9 .5 1 7 1 .2 1 7 2 .3 .6 3 .6 H e a lth s e r v ic e s ............................................................................. 1 6 1 .8 1 63 .1 1 6 4 .5 1 6 6 .4 1 6 7 .6 1 6 9 .3 1 7 0 .7 1 7 3 .0 1 7 4 .4 .8 4.1 W o r k e r s , b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n : H o s p it a ls ...................................................................................... 1 6 3 .8 1 6 5 .7 1 6 7 .6 1 6 9 .9 1 7 0 .8 1 73 .1 1 7 4 .8 1 7 6 .8 1 7 8 .2 .8 4 .3 E d u c a t io n a l s e r v ic e s ................................................................... 1 5 7 .4 1 6 1 .6 1 6 2 .8 1 6 3 .6 1 6 4 .2 1 6 6 .9 1 6 7 .6 1 6 8 .5 1 6 8 .9 .2 2 .9 4 .3 P u b lic a d m in is tr a tio n 3 .................................................................... 1 5 7 .5 1 6 0 .2 1 6 1 .7 1 6 3 .4 1 6 4 .3 1 6 7 .3 168 .1 170 .1 1 7 1 .4 .8 N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ............................................................................ 1 6 0 .2 1 6 1 .7 1 6 2 .4 1 6 4 .5 1 6 5 .8 1 6 7 .8 1 6 8 .6 1 7 0 .4 1 7 1 .8 .8 3 .6 P riv a te in d u s tr y w o r k e r s .............................................................. 1 6 0 .7 1 6 1 .6 1 6 2 .3 1 6 5 .0 1 6 6 .4 1 68 .1 1 6 8 .8 1 7 1 .4 1 7 3 .0 .9 4 .0 E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s ................................................... 1 6 0 .5 1 6 1 .6 1 6 2 .4 165 .1 1 6 6 .6 1 68 .1 1 6 9 .0 1 7 1 .6 1 7 3 .2 .9 4 .0 W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p : W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ...................................................................... 1 6 3 .8 1 6 4 .6 1 6 5 .2 168 .1 1 6 9 .4 1 7 1 .2 1 7 2 .0 1 7 4 .2 1 7 5 .7 .9 3 .7 E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s ................................................. 1 6 4 .3 1 6 5 .3 1 6 5 .9 169 .1 1 7 0 .4 1 72 .1 1 7 3 .0 1 7 5 .3 1 7 6 .7 .8 3 .7 P r o f e s s io n a l s p e c ia lt y a n d te c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s ............ 1 6 2 .5 1 6 3 .6 1 6 4 .4 1 6 6 .5 1 6 7 .7 1 6 9 .4 1 7 0 .5 1 7 3 .4 1 7 4 .7 .7 4 .2 E x e c u t iv e , a d m in it r a t iv e , a n d m a n a g e r ia l o c c u p a t io n s . . 1 6 6 .6 1 6 7 .0 1 6 7 .2 172 .1 1 73 .1 1 7 5 .0 1 7 5 .9 1 7 6 .8 1 78 .1 .7 2 .9 S a l e s o c c u p a t io n s ....................................................................... 1 6 1 .6 1 6 1 .6 1 6 1 .9 1 6 3 .5 1 65 .1 1 6 7 .2 167 .1 1 6 9 .2 1 7 1 .2 1 .2 3 .7 A d m in is t r a t iv e s u p p o r t o c c u p a t io n s , in c lu d in g c le r ic a l.. . 1 6 4 .2 1 6 5 .6 1 6 6 .7 1 6 9 .0 1 7 0 .9 1 7 2 .3 1 7 3 .2 176 .1 1 78 .1 1.1 4 .2 4 6 155 .1 1 5 6 .3 1 5 7 .3 1 5 9 .7 1 6 1 .4 1 6 2 .8 1 6 3 .6 166 9 1 6 8 .8 1 1 P r e c is io n p r o d u c tio n , c ra ft, a n d r e p a ir o c c u p a t io n s ........ 1 5 5 .7 1 5 6 .9 1 5 7 .8 1 6 0 .0 1 6 2 .0 1 63 .1 1 6 4 .2 167 .1 1 69 .1 1.2 4 .4 M a c h in e o p e r a to r s , a s s e m b le r s , a n d in s p e c t o r s .............. 1 5 4 .7 1 5 5 .4 1 5 6 .7 1 5 9 .9 1 61 .1 1 6 2 .6 1 6 3 .2 1 6 8 .7 1 7 0 .5 1.1 5 .8 T r a n s p o r t a t io n a n d m a t e r ia l m o v in g o c c u p a t io n s ............ 1 4 9 .6 1 5 1 .0 1 5 1 .8 1 5 3 .2 1 55 .1 1 5 6 .7 1 5 6 .9 1 5 8 .5 1 6 0 .6 1 .3 3 .5 H a n d le r s , e q u ip m e n t c le a n e r s , h e lp e r s , a n d la b o r e r s .... 1 5 9 .9 1 6 1 .4 1 6 2 .9 1 6 4 .9 1 6 6 .8 1 6 8 .6 1 6 9 .5 1 7 1 .7 1 7 3 .2 .9 3 .8 S e r v ic e o c c u p a t io n s ...................................................................... 1 5 7 .4 1 5 9 .0 1 5 9 .8 1 6 1 .7 1 6 2 .6 1 6 3 .8 1 6 4 .3 1 6 6 .9 1 6 8 .2 .8 3 .4 P r o d u c tio n a n d n o n s u p e r v is o r y o c c u p a t io n s 4 .................... 1 5 8 .7 1 5 9 .7 160 5 1 6 2 .6 164 1 1 6 5 .7 1 6 6 .6 1 6 9 .3 1 7 1 .0 1 .0 4 .2 1 5 7 .6 1 5 8 .6 1 60 .1 1 6 3 .0 1 6 4 .5 1 6 5 .7 1 6 6 .5 1 7 0 .3 1 7 1 .8 .9 4 .4 1 5 6 .9 1 5 7 .9 1 5 9 .2 1 6 2 .4 163 8 165 0 1 6 5 .9 169 8 171 2 8 4 5 1 6 1 .9 1 6 2 .9 1 6 4 .3 1 6 7 .8 1 6 9 .2 170 .1 1 7 0 .5 1 7 3 .5 1 7 4 .7 .7 3 .3 1 6 0 .2 1 61 .1 1 6 2 .3 1 6 6 .3 1 6 7 .5 168 5 169 2 1 7 2 .2 173 3 6 3 5 168 1 169 8 1 0 W o r k e r s , b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n : G o o d s - p r o d u c in g ........................................................................... W h it e - c o lla r o c c u p a t io n s ........................................................ 1 5 5 .9 1 5 7 .3 C o n s t r u c t io n .................................................................................. 1 5 5 .2 1 5 6 .3 1 5 7 .9 159 .1 1 61 .1 1 6 2 .3 1 6 3 .3 1 6 4 .6 1 6 5 .9 .8 3 .0 M a n u f a c t u r in g ............................................................................... 1 58 .1 1 5 4 .8 1 59 .1 1 6 0 .5 1 6 4 .0 1 6 5 .4 1 6 6 .5 1 67 .1 1 7 1 .7 1 7 3 .2 .9 4 .7 B lu e - c o lla r o c c u p a t io n s .......................................................... E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s ............................................. 1 6 1 .5 1 6 2 .9 1 6 3 .9 5 1 1 61 .1 1 6 2 .2 1 6 3 .3 167 .1 168 7 1 6 9 .5 1 6 9 .6 173 2 174 6 8 3 5 1 5 8 .6 1 5 9 .6 1 6 0 .7 165 .1 1 6 6 .4 167 4 167 8 171 3 172 6 8 3 7 1 5 5 .8 1 5 6 .7 1 5 8 .3 1 6 1 .6 1 6 2 .8 164 .1 1 65 .1 1 7 0 .4 1 7 2 .0 .9 5 7 1 5 8 .3 1 5 8 .9 1 6 0 .6 1 6 4 .4 165 5 166 6 167 3 172 4 174 0 9 5 1 1 5 7 .5 1 5 9 .2 1 6 0 .3 163 1 1 6 4 .9 166 0 166 6 170 4 171 7 8 1 6 1 .8 1 6 2 .7 1 63 .1 165 6 167 0 168 8 169 7 171 6 173 3 1 0 3 8 1 6 2 .4 1 6 3 .5 1 6 4 .0 1 6 6 .6 1 6 8 .0 1 6 9 .7 1 7 0 .6 1 7 2 .5 174 2 3 7 1 6 4 .0 1 6 4 .7 1 65 .1 1 6 7 .9 1 6 9 .2 1 7 1 .2 1 7 2 .0 174 1 175 7 1 0 9 1 6 5 .6 1 6 6 .5 1 6 7 .0 1 6 9 .9 1 7 1 .3 173 .1 1 7 4 .2 1 7 6 .2 1 7 7 .8 .9 3 .8 1 5 5 .2 1 5 6 .6 1 5 6 .9 1 5 8 .7 1 6 0 .8 162 2 162 6 164 1 166 4 1 4 3 5 3 8 1 5 7 .0 1 5 8 .5 1 5 9 .3 161 .1 1 6 2 .0 1 6 3 .2 164 3 166 1 167 4 8 3 3 1 5 8 .9 1 6 0 .8 1 6 1 .7 1 6 3 .2 1 6 5 .4 166 5 167 0 169 8 172 5 1 6 4 3 3 .7 T r a n s p o r t a t io n ............................................................................ 1 5 3 .9 1 5 5 .4 1 56 .1 1 5 7 .8 1 5 8 .9 1 5 9 .4 1 5 9 .6 1 6 2 .0 1 6 4 .7 1 .7 P u b lic u tilitie s .............................................................................. 1 6 5 .5 1 6 8 .2 1 6 9 .2 1 7 0 .5 1 7 4 .2 1 7 6 .4 1 7 7 .0 1 8 0 .4 183 .1 1 .5 5.1 C o m m u n ic a t io n s .................................................................... 1 66 .1 1 6 9 .0 1 70 .1 1 7 1 .3 1 7 5 .5 1 7 8 .4 1 7 9 .0 1 8 2 .2 1 8 3 .6 .8 4 .6 E le c tr ic , g a s , a n d s a n ita r y s e r v ic e s ................................ 1 6 4 .8 1 6 7 .2 1 68 .1 1 6 9 .5 1 7 2 .6 1 7 3 .8 1 7 4 .6 1 7 8 .2 1 8 2 .4 2 .4 5 .7 W h o le s a le a n d re ta il t r a d e ....................................................... 1 5 9 .5 1 5 9 .6 1 5 9 .7 1 6 1 .3 1 6 2 .5 1 6 4 .3 1 6 5 .0 1 6 6 .3 168 .1 1.1 3 .4 3 6 2 .7 1 6 2 .7 1 6 5 .0 1 6 5 .9 1 6 7 .4 168 6 7 W h o le s a le t r a d e ......................................................................... 1 6 6 .3 1 6 5 .9 1 6 6 .7 1 6 9 .5 1 7 1 .3 1 7 2 .0 1 7 2 .0 1 7 3 .8 1 7 5 .9 1.2 E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s ............................................. 1 6 4 .4 166 .1 1 6 7 .2 1 6 8 .4 1 6 9 .9 1 7 1 .2 1 7 1 .3 1 7 3 .7 1 6 0 .0 1 6 0 .3 1 6 0 .4 1 6 1 .8 1 7 4 .0 .2 1 5 5 .6 1 5 6 .0 1 5 5 .8 1 5 6 .6 1 5 7 .4 1 5 9 .9 1 6 1 .0 162 .1 1 6 3 .7 1.0 4 .0 G e n e r a l m e r c h a n d is e s t o r e s ............................................... 1 5 4 .2 156 .1 1 55 .1 1 5 6 .4 1 5 9 .2 1 6 1 .2 1 6 5 .6 1 6 5 .8 1 6 6 .2 .2 4 .4 F o o d s t o r e s ............................................................................... 1 5 4 .5 1 5 6 .3 1 5 6 .3 1 5 7 .5 1 5 8 .6 1 5 9 .3 1 6 0 .3 162.1 1 6 3 .5 .9 3.1 R e ta il t r a d e ................................................................................. S e e fo o t n o t e s a t e n d o f ta b le . 94 1 5 9 .9 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 2 .4 30. Continued— Employment Cost Index, compensation,1 by occupation and industry group [June 1989 = 100] 2002 Series June Sept. Dec. Mar. June Percent change 2004 2003 Sept. Dec. Mar. June 3 months 12 months ended ended June 2004 F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ...................................... 1 6 7 .3 1 6 8 .0 1 6 8 .5 1 7 6 .7 1 7 8 .3 1 8 0 .2 1 8 0 .9 1 8 2 .5 1 8 3 .6 0 .6 3 .0 E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s ............................................. 1 7 1 .3 172.1 1 73 .1 1 8 2 .0 1 8 4 .0 1 ,8 5 3 .0 1 86 .1 1 8 6 .6 1 8 8 .7 1.1 2 .6 B a n k in g , s a v in g s a n d lo a n , a n d o t h e r c r e d it a g e n c ie s . 1 8 4 .2 1 8 4 .6 1 8 5 .3 2 0 4 .3 2 0 6 .3 2 0 7 .6 2 0 9 .0 2 0 7 .2 2 0 8 .9 .8 1 .3 I n s u r a n c e ..................................................................................... 166 .1 1 67 .1 1 6 7 .9 172 .1 1 7 3 .9 175 .1 1 7 6 .2 1 7 7 .8 1 8 0 .5 1 .5 3 .8 4 .0 S e r v i c e s .......................................................................................... 1 6 3 .7 1 6 4 .9 1 6 5 .4 167 .1 1 6 8 .4 1 7 0 .4 1 7 1 .4 1 7 3 .5 1 75 .1 .9 B u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ..................................................................... 1 6 6 .6 1 6 7 .2 1 6 7 .5 1 6 8 .5 1 6 9 .2 1 7 1 .9 1 7 2 .6 1 7 4 .8 1 7 6 .9 1 .2 4 .6 H e a lth s e r v ic e s ........................................................................... 1 6 2 .0 1 6 3 .2 1 6 4 .4 1 6 6 .5 1 6 7 .9 1 6 9 .4 1 7 0 .8 1 7 3 .3 1 7 4 .8 .9 4.1 4 .5 H o s p it a ls .................................................................................... 1 6 4 .5 1 6 6 .2 168 .1 1 7 0 .8 1 7 1 .9 1 7 3 .9 1 7 5 .9 178.1 1 7 9 .7 .9 E d u c a tio n a l s e r v ic e s ................................................................ 1 6 9 .0 1 7 3 .5 1 7 5 .2 1 7 6 .3 177 .1 1 8 0 .2 1 8 1 .3 183.1 1 8 4 .2 .6 4 .0 C o lle g e s a n d u n iv e r s it ie s ..................................................... 1 6 8 .4 1 7 2 .0 1 7 3 .7 1 7 4 .5 1 7 5 .4 1 7 8 .4 1 7 9 .4 1 8 1 .2 1 8 2 .5 .7 4 .0 N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ....................................................................... 161 .1 1 6 2 .0 1 6 2 .5 1 6 4 .9 1 6 6 .4 1 68 .1 1 6 9 .0 1 7 0 .9 1 7 2 .5 .9 3 .7 W h ite - c o lla r w o r k e r s ................................................................. 164 .1 1 6 4 .8 1 6 5 .3 1 6 8 .0 1 6 9 .3 1 7 1 .2 1 72 .1 174 .1 1 7 5 .7 .9 3 .8 E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s ............................................ 1 6 5 .7 1 6 6 .6 167 .1 1 7 0 .0 1 7 1 .4 1 7 3 .2 1 7 4 .2 1 7 6 .2 1 7 7 .7 .9 3 .7 B lu e - c o lla r o c c u p a t io n s ........................................................... 1 5 4 .0 1 5 5 .4 1 5 5 .9 1 5 7 .5 1 5 9 .7 161 .1 1 6 1 .7 1 6 3 .4 1 6 5 .5 1 .3 3 .6 S e r v ic e o c c u p a t io n s ................................................................. 1 5 6 .9 1 5 8 .4 1 5 9 .2 161.1 1 6 2 .0 1 6 3 .2 1 6 2 .4 1 6 6 .0 1 6 7 .3 .8 3 .3 S ta te a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t w o r k e r s ......................................... 1 5 6 .7 160 .1 1 6 1 .5 1 6 2 .6 1 6 3 .2 1 6 5 .9 1 6 6 .8 1 6 8 .0 1 6 8 .7 .4 3 .4 W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ........................................................................ 1 5 5 .7 1 5 9 .3 1 6 0 .7 1 6 1 .7 1 6 2 .2 1 6 4 .9 1 6 5 .7 1 6 6 .8 1 6 7 .5 .4 3 .3 P r o f e s s io n a l s p e c ia lt y a n d t e c h n ic a l ....................................... 154 .1 158 .1 1 5 9 .4 1 6 0 .2 1 6 0 .8 1 6 3 .4 1 64 .1 165.1 1 6 5 .6 .3 3 .0 E x e c u t iv e , a d m in is tr a tiv e , a n d m a n a g e r ia l........................... 1 5 9 .6 1 6 2 .3 1 6 3 .8 1 6 5 .3 1 6 5 .7 1 6 8 .0 169 .1 170.1 1 7 1 .0 .5 3 .2 W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p : 1 5 8 .0 1 6 1 .0 1 6 2 .4 1 6 3 .8 1 6 4 .4 1 6 7 .9 1 6 8 .5 1 7 0 .4 1 7 1 .8 .8 4 .5 1 5 4 .7 1 5 8 .4 1 5 9 .8 1 6 1 .3 1 6 1 .7 1 6 3 .6 1 6 5 .2 1 6 6 .7 1 6 7 .5 .5 3 .6 W o r k e r s , b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n : S e r v i c e s ............................................................................................. 1 5 5 .9 1 5 9 .7 1 6 0 .9 1 6 1 .8 1 6 2 .3 1 6 4 .9 1 6 5 .7 1 6 6 .5 1 6 6 .8 .2 2 .8 S e r v ic e s e x c lu d in g s c h o o ls 5 ..................................................... 1 5 8 .7 1 6 1 .0 1 6 2 .8 1 6 4 .0 1 6 4 .2 1 6 6 .8 1 6 8 .2 1 6 9 .4 1 70 .1 .4 3 .6 H e a lth s e r v ic e s .......................................................................... 1 6 1 .4 1 6 3 .5 1 6 5 .5 1 6 6 .4 1 6 6 .7 1 6 9 .5 1 7 1 .0 1 7 2 .2 1 7 2 .9 .4 3 .7 H o s p it a ls ................................................................................... 1 6 1 .8 164 .1 1 6 6 .2 1 6 7 .0 1 6 7 .3 1 7 0 .3 1 7 1 .4 1 7 2 .4 1 7 3 .2 .5 3 .5 1 55 .1 1 5 9 .2 1 6 0 .3 1 61 .1 1 6 1 .7 1 6 4 .3 1 6 5 .0 1 6 5 .7 1 6 5 .9 .1 2 .6 S c h o o l s ...................................................................................... 1 5 5 .4 1 5 9 .6 1 6 0 .7 1 6 1 .4 1 6 2 .0 1 6 4 .7 1 6 5 .3 1 6 6 .0 1 6 6 .3 .2 2 .7 E le m e n t a r y a n d s e c o n d a r y ............................................. 1 5 3 .6 1 5 7 .7 1 5 8 .8 1 5 9 .4 1 6 0 .0 1 6 3 .0 1 6 3 .7 1 6 4 .4 1 6 4 .6 .1 2 .9 C o lle g e s a n d u n iv e r s it ie s ................................................. 1 6 0 .4 1 6 4 .7 1 6 5 .8 1 6 7 .0 1 6 7 .5 1 6 9 .2 1 7 0 .0 1 7 0 .7 1 7 1 .0 .2 2.1 P u b lic a d m in is tr a tio n 3 .................................................................... 1 5 7 .9 1 6 0 .2 1 6 1 .7 1 6 3 .4 1 6 4 .3 1 6 7 .3 168 .1 1 70 .1 1 7 1 .4 .8 4 .3 E d u c a t io n a l s e r v ic e s ............................................................... 1 C o s t ( c e n ts p e r h o u r w o r k e d ) m e a s u r e d in th e E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x c o n s is t s o f w a g e s , s a la r ie s , a n d e m p lo y e r c o s t o f e m p lo y e e b e n e fits . 2 C o n s is t s o f p r iv a t e in d u s t r y w o r k e r s ( e x c lu d in g fa r m a n d h o u s e h o ld w o r k e r s ) a n d S t a t e a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t ( e x c lu d in g F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t) w o r k e r s . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 3 C o n s is t s o f le g is la t iv e , ju d ic ia l, a d m in is tr a tiv e , a n d r e g u la to r y a c tiv itie s . 4 T h is s e r ie s h a s th e s a m e in d u s t r y a n d o c c u p a t io n a l c o v e r a g e a s th e H o u r ly E a r n in g s in d e x , w h ic h w a s d is c o n t in u e d in J a n u a r y 1 9 8 9 . 5 I n c lu d e s , fo r e x a m p le , lib r a r y , s o c ia l, a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s . Monthly Labor Review October 2004 95 Current Labor Statistics: Compensation & Industrial Relations 31. Employment Cost Index, wages and salaries, by occupation and industry group [June 1989 = 100] 2002 2003 2004 Percent change Series June Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar. June 3 months 12 months ended ended June 2004 C iv ilia n w o r k e r s 1............................................................................... 156 .1 1 5 7 .2 1 5 7 .8 W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ........................................................................ 1 5 8 .4 1 5 9 .6 P r o f e s s io n a l s p e c ia lt y a n d t e c h n ic a l....................................... 1 5 6 .2 1 5 8 .0 1 6 3 .5 1 5 9 .3 1 6 0 .3 1 6 1 .8 1 6 2 .3 1 60 .1 1 6 1 .9 1 6 2 .9 1 6 4 .5 1 5 8 .6 1 5 9 .3 160.1 1 6 1 .8 1 6 3 .8 1 6 7 .9 1 6 9 .0 1 6 3 .3 1 6 4 .3 0 .6 2 .5 1 65 .1 166.1 1 67 .1 .6 2 .6 1 6 2 .5 1 6 3 .8 1 6 4 .4 .4 2 .7 1 7 0 .5 1 7 1 .2 1 7 1 .4 1 7 2 .4 .6 2 .0 W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p : E x e c u t iv e , a d m in it r a t iv e , a n d m a n a g e r ia l............................. 1 6 2 .6 A d m in is t r a t iv e s u p p o r t , in c lu d in g c le r ic a l.............................. 1 5 8 .4 1 5 9 .6 1 6 0 .6 161 8 1 63 .1 164 3 164 9 166 3 167 5 B lu e - c o lla r w o r k e r s .......................................................................... 1 5 1 .0 1 5 1 .9 1 5 2 .6 1 5 3 .8 1 5 4 .8 1 5 5 .8 1 5 6 .3 1 5 7 .3 1 5 8 .4 .7 2 .3 155 1 56 2 1 5 6 .9 1 5 8 .0 1 5 8 .7 1 5 9 .8 1 6 0 .6 1 6 1 .2 1 6 1 .9 .4 2 .0 W o r k e r s , b y I n d u s try d iv is io n : G o o d s - p r o d u c in g .............................................................................. 1 53 .1 1 5 3 .9 1 55 .1 1 5 6 .3 1 5 7 .5 1 5 8 .3 1 6 0 .6 1 5 9 .9 1 6 1 .0 .7 2 .2 M a n u f a c t u r in g ................................................................................. 1 5 4 .5 1 5 5 .4 1 5 6 .5 1 5 8 .0 1 5 9 .0 1 5 9 .7 1 60 .1 1 6 1 .3 1 6 2 .4 .7 2.1 S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g ............................................................................ 1 5 7 .2 156 4 158 8 160 5 161 4 163 n 163 6 S e r v i c e s ............................................................................................. 1 5 8 .8 1 6 0 .7 1 61 .1 1 6 1 .9 1 6 2 .8 1 6 4 .7 1 6 5 .4 1 6 6 .5 1 6 7 .4 .5 2 .8 H e a lth s e r v ic e s ............................................................................. 1 5 8 .5 1 5 9 .6 1 6 0 .9 1 6 2 .0 1 6 3 .2 1 6 4 .7 1 6 5 .9 1 6 7 .7 1 6 8 .6 .5 3 .3 H o s p it a ls ...................................................................................... 1 5 8 .6 1 6 0 .3 1 6 2 .2 1 6 3 .5 1 6 4 .4 1 6 6 .3 1 6 7 .7 1 6 9 .0 1 6 9 .9 .5 3 .3 E d u c a t io n a l s e r v ic e s .................................................................. 1 5 5 .6 1 5 9 .3 160.1 1 6 0 .4 1 6 0 .7 1 6 2 .7 1 6 3 .2 1 6 3 .6 1 6 3 .8 .1 1 .9 P u b lic a d m in is tr a tio n 2 .................................................................... 1 5 3 .4 1 5 4 .8 1 5 5 .8 1 5 7 .2 1 5 8 .0 1 5 9 .4 1 6 0 .0 161.1 1 6 1 .4 .2 2 .2 N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ............................................................................ 1 5 6 .4 1 5 7 .5 1 5 8 .0 1 5 9 .6 1 6 0 .5 162.1 1 6 2 .7 1 6 3 .7 1 6 4 .6 .5 2 .6 P riv a te in d u s t r y w o r k e r s .............................................................. 1 5 6 .3 1 5 7 .0 1 5 7 .5 1 5 9 .3 1 6 0 .4 1 6 1 .7 1 6 2 .3 1 6 3 .4 1 6 4 .5 .7 2 .6 E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s .................................................... 156 .1 1 5 7 .0 1 5 7 .9 1 5 9 .4 1 6 0 .5 1 6 1 .7 1 6 2 .4 1 6 3 .5 1 6 4 .5 .6 2 .5 W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p : W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ...................................................................... 1 5 9 .4 1 6 0 .0 1 6 0 .4 1 6 2 .6 1 6 3 .8 1 6 5 .3 1 6 5 .9 1 67 .1 1 6 8 .2 .7 2 .7 E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s ................................................. 1 6 0 .0 1 6 9 .8 1 6 0 .8 1 6 3 .6 1 6 4 .8 1 6 6 .2 1 6 7 .0 1 68 .1 1 6 9 .2 .7 2 .7 3.1 P r o f e s s io n a l s p e c ia lt y a n d te c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s ............ 1 5 7 .4 1 5 8 .2 1 5 8 .5 1 5 9 .5 1 6 0 .5 1 62 .1 1 6 3 .0 1 6 4 .7 1 6 5 .5 .5 E x e c u t iv e , a d m in it r a t iv e , a n d m a n a g e r ia l o c c u p a t io n s .. 1 6 3 .6 1 6 4 .3 1 6 4 .5 1 69 .1 1 7 0 .3 1 7 1 .8 1 7 2 .5 1 7 2 .7 1 7 3 .9 .7 2.1 S a l e s o c c u p a t io n s ....................................................................... 1 5 7 .0 1 5 6 .9 1 5 6 .8 158.1 1 5 9 .3 1 6 1 .6 161 .1 1 6 2 .6 1 6 3 .9 .8 2 .9 A d m in is t r a t iv e s u p p o r t o c c u p a t io n s , in c lu d in g c le r ic a l. . . 1 5 9 .2 1 6 0 .3 1 6 1 .3 1 6 2 .6 1 6 4 .0 165 .1 1 6 5 .7 1 6 7 .2 1 6 8 .6 .8 2 .8 1 5 0 .9 1 5 1 .7 1 5 2 .4 1 5 3 .6 154 6 155 6 156 1 157 ? 158 3 P r e c is io n p r o d u c tio n , c ra ft, a n d r e p a ir o c c u p a t io n s ......... 1 5 1 .0 1 5 1 .8 1 5 2 .3 1 5 3 .4 1 5 4 .7 1 5 5 .5 1 5 6 .2 157.1 1 5 8 .3 .8 2 .3 M a c h in e o p e r a to r s , a s s e m b le r s , a n d I n s p e c to r s .............. 1 5 1 .6 1 5 2 .0 1 5 3 .2 1 5 4 .7 1 5 5 .3 1 5 6 .8 1 5 6 .9 1 5 8 .6 1 5 9 .8 .8 2 .9 T r a n s p o r t a t io n a n d m a t e r ia l m o v in g o c c u p a t io n s ............ 1 4 5 .2 1 4 6 .3 1 4 6 .9 1 4 7 .8 1 4 9 .0 1 4 9 .8 1 4 9 .8 1 5 0 .4 1 5 1 .8 .9 1 .9 H a n d le r s , e q u ip m e n t c le a n e r s , h e lp e r s , a n d la b o r e r s .... 155.1 1 5 6 .0 1 5 7 .2 1 5 8 .4 1 5 9 .0 1 5 9 .9 1 6 0 .6 1 6 1 .8 1 6 2 .7 .6 2 .3 S e r v ic e o c c u p a t io n s ...................................................................... 1 5 2 .8 1 5 3 .9 1 5 4 .4 1 5 5 .5 1 56 .1 157 .1 1 5 7 .8 1 5 8 .4 1 5 9 .3 .6 2 .0 P r o d u c t io n a n d n o n s u p e r v is o r y o c c u p a t io n s 3 .................... 1 5 4 .0 1 5 4 .7 1 5 5 .2 1 5 6 .4 1 5 7 .4 1 5 8 .8 1 5 9 .4 1 6 0 .7 1 6 1 .7 .6 2 .7 1 53 .1 1 5 3 .9 1 5 5 .0 1 5 6 .3 1 5 7 .4 1 5 8 .3 1 5 8 .7 1 5 9 .9 1 6 0 .9 .6 2 .2 1 5 2 .2 1 5 3 .0 1 5 4 .0 1 5 5 .4 1 5 6 .5 1 5 7 .4 1 5 8 .0 159 2 1 6 0 .2 6 2 4 1 5 6 .6 1 5 7 .9 158 6 1 6 0 .0 1 6 1 .4 161 9 162 1 163 2 164 5 8 1 9 1 5 4 .5 1 5 5 .4 1 5 6 .3 1 5 8 .0 1 5 9 .2 1 5 9 .9 1 6 0 .4 1 6 1 .5 162 7 7 ? ? ? 5 W o r k e r s , b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n : G o o d s - p r o d u c in g ............................................................................ 1 5 1 .5 1 5 2 .6 153 8 1 5 4 .8 1 5 5 .9 156 4 157 7 158 6 6 C o n s t r u c t io n .................................................................................. 1 4 8 .2 1 4 9 .0 1 5 0 .2 1 5 0 .6 1 5 2 .4 1 5 3 .6 1 5 4 .0 155.1 1 5 5 .9 .5 2 .3 M a n u f a c t u r in g ............................................................................... 1 5 4 .4 1 5 5 .4 1 5 6 .5 1 5 8 .0 1 5 9 .0 1 5 9 .7 1 60 .1 1 6 1 .3 1 6 2 .4 .7 2.1 W h it e - c o lla r o c c u p a t io n s ........................................................ 1 5 6 .6 1 5 7 .7 1 5 8 .6 160 .1 1 6 1 .6 1 6 2 .0 162.1 1 6 3 .3 1 6 4 .7 .9 E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s ............................................. 1 5 3 .9 1 5 5 .0 1 5 5 .9 1 5 7 .7 1 5 8 .9 1 5 9 .5 1 6 0 .0 1 6 1 .2 1 6 2 .5 .8 2 .3 B lu e - c o lla r o c c u p a t io n s .......................................................... 1 5 2 .8 1 5 3 .5 1 5 4 .7 1 5 6 .3 1 5 6 .9 1 5 7 .9 1 5 8 .5 1 5 9 .8 1 6 0 .6 .5 2 .4 1 5 0 .7 D u r a b le s .......................................................................................... 1 5 5 .3 1 5 6 .0 1 5 7 .3 1 5 8 .8 1 5 9 .7 1 6 0 .6 1 6 0 .9 1 6 1 .9 1 6 2 .9 .6 2 .0 N o n d u r a b le s ................................................................................. 153 .1 1 5 4 .4 1 5 5 .2 1 5 6 .6 1 5 7 .8 1 5 8 .3 1 5 8 .7 1 6 0 .4 1 6 1 .6 .7 2 .4 S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g .......................................................................... 1 5 7 .7 1 5 8 .4 1 5 8 .6 1 6 0 .6 1 6 1 .7 1 6 3 .3 1 6 3 .9 1 6 5 .0 166.1 .7 E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s ............................................. 1 5 8 .5 1 5 9 .3 1 5 9 .6 1 6 1 .7 1 6 2 .8 1 6 4 .2 1 6 5 .0 1 6 6 .0 167 .1 .7 2 .6 W h it e - c o lla r o c c u p a t io n s ........................................................ 1 5 9 .9 1 6 0 .5 1 6 0 .7 1 6 3 .0 164 .1 1 6 6 .0 1 6 6 .6 1 6 7 .8 1 6 8 .9 .7 2 .9 2 .8 2 .7 E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s ............................................. 1 6 1 .6 1 6 2 .5 1 6 2 .8 1 6 5 .3 1 6 6 .5 1 6 8 .2 1 6 9 .0 1 7 0 .2 1 7 1 .2 .6 B lu e - c o lla r o c c u p a t io n s .......................................................... 151 .1 1 5 1 .8 1 5 2 .0 1 5 3 .2 1 5 4 .3 1 55 .1 1 5 5 .4 1 5 6 .2 1 5 7 .8 1 .0 2 .3 S e r v ic e o c c u p a t io n s ................................................................ 1 5 2 .4 1 5 3 .5 154.1 1 55 .1 1 5 5 .6 1 5 6 .6 1 5 7 .4 1 5 8 .0 1 5 8 .8 .5 2.1 T r a n s p o r t a t io n a n d p u b lic u t ilitie s .......................................... 152 .1 1 5 3 .4 154.1 1 5 4 .8 1 5 5 .6 1 5 6 .0 1 5 6 .5 1 5 7 .6 159 .1 1 .0 2 .2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n ............................................................................ 1 4 8 .6 1 4 9 .6 150 .1 1 5 0 .5 1 5 0 .6 1 5 0 .4 1 5 0 .8 1 5 1 .7 1 5 3 .4 1.1 1 .9 P u b lic u tilitie s .............................................................................. 1 5 6 .4 1 5 8 .2 1 5 9 .3 1 6 0 .4 162.1 1 6 3 .4 164.1 1 6 5 .3 1 6 6 .4 .7 2 .7 C o m m u n ic a t io n s .................................................................... 157.1 1 5 9 .6 1 6 0 .7 1 6 1 .9 1 6 3 .4 1 6 5 .4 1 6 5 .9 1 6 7 .0 1 6 7 .5 .3 2 .5 E le c tr ic , g a s , a n d s a n it a r y s e r v ic e s ................................ 1 5 5 .5 1 5 6 .5 1 5 7 .4 1 5 8 .6 1 6 0 .4 1 6 1 .0 1 6 1 .8 1 6 3 .3 165.1 1.1 2 .9 W h o le s a le a n d re ta il t r a d e ....................................................... 1 5 5 .7 1 5 5 .5 1 5 5 .5 1 5 6 .7 1 5 7 .5 1 5 9 .2 1 5 9 .5 1 6 0 .3 1 6 1 .6 .8 2 .6 E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s .............................................. - - - - - - - - - W h o le s a le t r a d e ......................................................................... 1 6 1 .3 1 6 0 .4 1 6 1 .0 1 6 3 .4 1 6 4 .7 1 6 4 .8 1 6 5 .3 1 6 6 .2 1 6 7 .8 1 .0 - 0 .1 - - 1 .9 E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s .............................................. 1 6 1 .2 1 6 2 .6 1 6 3 .7 1 6 3 .9 1 6 5 .2 1 6 5 .7 1 6 6 .3 1 6 7 .8 1 6 7 .6 R e ta il t r a d e .................................................................................. 1 5 2 .7 1 5 2 .9 1 5 2 .7 153 .1 1 5 3 .8 1 5 6 .3 1 5 6 .5 1 5 7 .3 1 5 8 .4 G e n e r a l m e r c h a n d is e s t o r e s .............................................. 1 4 8 .9 150 .1 1 4 9 .2 1 4 9 .8 1 5 2 .0 153.1 1 5 3 .6 154.1 1 5 4 .9 .5 1 .9 F o o d s t o r e s ............................................................................... 1 4 8 .9 150 .1 1 5 0 .3 1 5 1 .0 1 5 1 .6 1 5 2 .2 1 5 2 .8 1 5 3 .8 1 5 4 .3 .3 1 .8 S e e f o o t n o te s a t e n d o f ta b le . 96 1 .9 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 .7 1 .5 3 .0 31. Continued— Employment Cost Index, wages and salaries, by occupation and industry group [June 1989 = 100]__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2002 Percent change 2004 2003 Series June Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar. 3 months 12 months ended ended June June 2004 1 .7 F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d re a l e s t a t e ...................................... 1 6 2 .0 1 6 2 .4 1 6 2 .6 171 .1 1 7 2 .4 174 .1 1 7 4 .5 1 7 5 .2 1 7 5 .3 0.1 E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s ............................................. 1 6 5 .7 166.1 1 6 7 .3 1 7 6 .7 1 7 8 .5 1 7 9 .2 2 1 0 .2 1 7 9 .2 1 8 0 .5 .7 1.1 B a n k in g , s a v in g s a n d lo a n , a n d o t h e r c r e d it a g e n c ie s . 1 8 2 .8 1 8 2 .7 1 8 3 .9 2 0 6 .4 2 0 8 .7 2 0 9 .1 1 6 4 .5 2 0 6 .7 2 0 7 .6 .4 -.5 I n s u r a n c e ..................................................................................... 1 5 8 .6 1 5 9 .6 159 .1 1 6 1 .6 1 6 3 .0 1 6 3 .9 1 6 4 .5 1 65 .1 1 6 7 .2 1 .3 2 .6 S e r v i c e s .......................................................................................... 1 6 0 .3 1 6 1 .5 1 6 1 .7 1 6 2 .8 1 6 4 .0 1 6 5 .9 1 6 6 .7 168.1 1 6 9 .3 .7 3 .2 B u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ..................................................................... 1 6 4 .0 1 6 4 .6 1 6 4 .8 1 6 5 .6 1 6 6 .4 169 .1 1 6 9 .8 1 7 1 .0 1 7 2 .7 1 .0 3 .8 H e a lth s e r v ic e s ........................................................................... 1 5 8 .4 1 5 9 .9 1 6 0 .7 1 6 1 .9 1 6 3 .2 1 6 4 .6 1 3 5 .8 1 6 7 .8 1 6 8 .8 .6 3 .4 H o s p it a ls .................................................................................... 1 5 8 .6 1 6 0 .2 162 .1 1 6 3 .6 1 6 4 .6 1 6 6 .5 1 6 7 .9 1 6 9 .4 1 7 0 .5 .6 3 .6 E d u c a t io n a l s e r v ic e s ................................................................. 1 6 1 .2 1 6 5 .2 1 6 6 .5 167.1 1 6 7 .5 1 7 0 .3 1 7 1 .0 1 7 1 .9 1 7 2 .6 .4 2 .9 C o lle g e s a n d u n iv e r s it ie s ..................................................... 1 5 9 .9 163.1 1 6 4 .3 1 6 4 .4 1 65 .1 1 6 7 .6 1 6 8 .4 1 6 9 .5 1 7 0 .0 .3 3 .0 N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ....................................................................... 1 5 6 .5 1 5 7 .2 1 5 7 .5 1 5 9 .4 1 6 0 .5 162 .1 1 6 2 .6 1 6 3 .7 1 6 4 .8 .7 2 .7 W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ................................................................. 1 5 9 .6 1 6 0 .2 1 6 0 .5 1 6 2 .8 1 6 3 .9 1 6 5 .7 1 6 6 .3 1 6 7 .5 1 6 8 .6 .7 2 .9 E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a t io n s ............................................ 1 6 1 .3 1 62 .1 1 6 2 .5 1 6 4 .9 1 66 .1 1 6 7 .7 1 6 8 .5 1 6 9 .7 1 7 0 .7 .6 2 .8 B lu e - c o lla r o c c u p a t io n s ........................................................... 1 4 9 .0 1 4 9 .8 1 5 0 .2 1 51 .1 1 5 2 .4 1 5 3 .4 1 5 3 .8 1 5 4 .7 1 56 .1 .9 2 .4 S e r v ic e o c c u p a t io n s ................................................................. 1 5 2 .3 1 5 3 .4 1 5 4 .0 1 5 5 .0 1 5 5 .5 1 5 6 .5 1 5 7 .3 1 5 7 .9 1 5 8 .7 .5 2.1 S ta te a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t w o r k e r s ........................................ 1 5 6 .7 160.1 1 6 1 .5 1 6 2 .6 1 6 3 .2 1 6 5 .9 1 6 6 .8 1 6 8 .0 1 6 8 .7 .2 1 .9 W h it e - c o lla r w o r k e r s ........................................................................ 1 5 4 .4 1 5 7 .4 1 5 8 .4 1 5 8 .9 1 5 9 .2 1 6 1 .0 1 6 1 .5 162.1 1 6 2 .4 .2 2 .0 P r o f e s s io n a l s p e c ia lt y a n d t e c h n ic a l....................................... 154.1 1 5 7 .5 1 5 8 .4 1 5 8 .8 159 .1 1 6 1 .0 1 6 1 .4 162.1 1 6 2 .3 .1 2 .0 E x e c u t iv e , a d m in is tr a tiv e , a n d m a n a g e r ia l............................ 1 5 6 .8 1 5 9 .0 160 .1 1 6 0 .9 1 6 1 .0 1 6 2 .5 1 6 3 .3 1 6 3 .5 1 6 3 .8 .2 1 .7 A d m in is t r a t iv e s u p p o r t , in c lu d in g c le r ic a l .............................. 1 5 2 .8 155.1 1 5 6 .0 1 5 6 .9 1 5 7 .2 1 59 .1 1 5 9 .5 1 6 0 .4 1 6 0 .8 .2 2 .3 152.1 1 5 4 .5 155.1 1 5 6 .2 1 5 6 .5 1 5 7 .6 1 5 8 .3 1 5 8 .9 1 5 9 .2 .2 1 .7 S e r v i c e s ............................................................................................. 1 5 5 .0 1 5 8 .4 1 5 9 .2 1 5 9 .5 1 5 9 .8 1 6 1 .6 162 .1 1 6 2 .6 1 6 2 .7 .1 1 .8 S e r v ic e s e x c lu d in g s c h o o ls 4 ..................................................... 1 5 7 .3 159 .1 1 6 0 .3 1 6 1 .4 1 6 1 .8 1 6 3 .2 1 6 4 .5 165.1 1 6 5 .6 .3 2 .3 W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p : W o r k e r s , b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n : H e a lth s e r v ic e s .......................................................................... 1 5 8 .6 1 6 0 .5 1 6 2 .2 1 6 2 .9 1 6 3 .5 1 65 .1 1 6 6 .7 1 6 7 .4 1 6 7 .8 .2 2 .6 H o s p it a ls ................................................................................... 1 5 8 .8 1 6 0 .6 1 6 2 .5 163.1 1 6 3 .8 1 6 5 .5 1 6 6 .7 1 6 7 .4 1 6 7 .9 .3 2 .5 1 6 1 .6 1 6 2 .0 162.1 .1 1 .8 1 .8 1 5 4 .5 158.1 1 5 8 .9 159.1 1 5 9 .3 1 6 1 .2 S c h o o l s .................................................................................... 1 5 4 .6 1 5 8 .3 1 5 9 .0 1 5 9 .2 1 5 9 .5 1 6 1 .4 1 6 1 .8 162.1 1 6 2 .3 .1 E le m e n t a r y a n d s e c o n d a r y ............................................. 1 5 3 .6 1 5 7 .4 1 58 .1 1 5 8 .2 1 5 8 .5 1 6 0 .6 1 6 0 .9 1 6 1 .3 1 6 1 .5 .1 1 .9 C o lle g e s a n d u n iv e r s it ie s ................................................. 1 5 7 .3 1 6 0 .7 1 6 1 .6 162 .1 162.1 1 6 3 .5 1 6 4 .0 1 6 4 .3 1 6 4 .4 .1 1 .4 P u b lic a d m in is tr a tio n 2 .................................................................... 1 5 3 .4 1 5 4 .8 1 5 5 .8 1 5 7 .2 1 5 8 .0 1 5 9 .4 1 6 0 .0 161 .1 1 6 1 .4 .2 2 .2 1 C o n s is t s o f p r iv a t e in d u s t r y w o r k e r s ( e x c lu d in g fa r m a n d h o u s e h o ld w o r k e r s ) a n d S t a t e a n d lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t ( e x c lu d in g F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t) w o r k e r s . E a r n in g s in d e x , w h ic h w a s d is c o n t in u e d in J a n u a r y 1 9 8 9 . 2 C o n s is t s o f le g is la t iv e , ju d ic ia l, a d m in is tr a tiv e , a n d r e g u la to r y a c tiv itie s . 32. 3 T h is s e r ie s h a s th e s a m e in d u s t r y a n d o c c u p a t io n a l c o v e r a g e a s th e H o u r ly 4 I n c lu d e s , f o r e x a m p le , lib r a r y , s o c ia l, a n d h e a lth s e r v ic e s . Employment Cost Index, benefits, private industry workers by occupation and industry group [June 1989 = 100] Series June Sept. Dec. Mar. June Percent change 2004 2003 2002 Sept. Dec. Mar. June 3 months 12 months ended ended June 2004 1 7 1 .6 173 .1 1 7 4 .6 1 7 9 .6 1 8 2 .0 1 8 4 .3 1 8 5 .8 1 9 2 .2 1 9 5 .3 1 .6 7 .3 W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p : 176.1 1 7 7 .2 1 7 8 .5 1 8 3 .6 1 8 5 .5 1 8 7 .7 1 8 9 .2 1 9 4 .4 1 9 7 .4 1 .5 6 .4 1 6 4 .0 1 6 6 .2 1 6 7 .8 1 7 2 .7 1 76 .1 1 7 8 .4 1 7 9 .9 1 8 8 .3 1 9 1 .8 1 .9 8 .9 1 6 7 .4 1 6 8 .8 1 7 1 .0 1 7 8 .0 1 8 0 .2 1 8 2 .3 1 8 3 .8 1 9 3 .7 1 9 6 .2 1 .3 8 .9 1 7 3 .3 1 7 4 .9 1 7 5 .9 1 7 9 .9 1 8 2 .3 1 8 4 .7 1 8 6 .2 1 9 0 .6 194.1 1 .8 6 .5 1 6 5 .5 1 6 6 .8 1 6 8 .9 1 7 6 .9 1 7 9 .0 181 .1 1 8 2 .3 1 9 4 .4 1 9 6 .9 1 .3 1 0 .0 1 7 3 .5 1 7 5 .2 1 7 6 .3 1 8 0 .3 1 8 2 .8 185.1 1 8 6 .7 1 9 0 .9 1 9 4 .3 1 .8 6 .3 W o r k e r s , b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n : N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ........................................................................... https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 97 Current Labor Statistics: Compensation & Industrial Relations 33. Employment Cost Index, private nonfarm workers by bargaining status, region, and area size [June 1989 = 100] 2002 2003 2004 Percent change Series June Sept. Dec. Mar. June Sept. Dec. Mar. June 3 months 12 months ended ended June 2004 CO M PEN SATIO N W o rk e r s , b y b a rg a in in g s t a t u s 1 U n io n .............................. . G o o d s - p r o d u c in g . .. S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g . . . 1 5 6 .3 158 .1 1 5 9 .5 162 .1 164.1 1 6 5 .7 1 6 6 .8 1 7 1 .4 1 7 3 .9 1 .5 6 .0 1 5 4 .7 1 5 6 .2 1 5 7 .8 1 6 1 .4 1 6 3 .4 1 6 4 .7 1 6 5 .9 1 7 2 .3 1 7 4 .6 1 .3 6 .9 1 5 9 .9 1 61 .1 1 6 2 .6 1 6 4 .6 1 6 6 .5 1 6 7 .5 1 7 0 .2 1 7 2 .9 1.6 5 .0 1 5 5 .9 1 5 7 .9 1 6 2 .3 1 6 3 .8 1 6 5 .0 1 6 6 .3 1 7 5 .0 1 7 7 .0 1.1 8.1 1 5 8 .8 1 5 9 .9 1 6 1 .4 1 6 3 .7 1 6 5 .5 1 6 6 .5 1 6 8 .8 1 7 1 .6 1 .7 4 .8 1 6 2 .5 1 6 2 .8 1 6 5 .4 1 6 6 .8 1 6 8 .4 169 .1 1 7 1 .3 1 7 2 .7 .8 3 .5 3 .6 1 5 7 .6 M a n u f a c t u r in g ......... N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g . N o n u n io n ........................ 1 6 1 .4 G o o d s - p r o d u c in g . ... 1 5 8 .6 1 5 9 .5 1 6 0 .8 1 6 3 .6 1 6 4 .9 166 .1 1 6 6 .7 1 6 9 .7 1 7 0 .9 .7 S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g . . 1 6 2 .2 1 6 2 .9 1 6 3 .3 1 6 5 .9 1 6 7 .2 1 6 9 .0 1 6 9 .8 1 7 1 .6 1 7 3 .2 .9 3 .6 1 59 .1 160 .1 1 6 1 .3 1 6 4 .5 1 6 5 .8 1 6 6 .9 1 6 7 .3 1 7 0 .6 1 7 2 .0 .8 3 .7 1 6 2 .4 1 6 2 .9 1 6 5 .4 1 6 6 .7 1 6 8 .5 1 3 9 .3 171 .1 1 7 2 .6 .9 3 .5 1 .2 M a n u f a c t u r in g ......... . N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g . , W o rk e r s , b y r e g io n 1 N o r t h e a s t .............................................. 1 5 9 .9 1 6 0 .5 1 6 1 .3 1 6 3 .8 1 6 5 .2 1 6 6 .9 1 6 7 .9 1 7 0 .2 1 7 2 .3 S o u t h ...................................................... . 1 5 7 .6 1 5 8 .9 1 5 9 .0 1 6 0 .6 1 6 1 .6 1 6 3 .2 1 6 3 .9 1 6 6 .4 1 6 7 .9 .9 M id w e s t ( fo r m e r ly N o rth C e n tra l) .. 3 .9 1 6 2 .2 1 6 3 .5 1 6 4 .6 1 6 9 .0 1 7 0 .4 1 7 1 .7 1 7 2 .5 1 7 4 .7 1 7 6 .2 W e s t ....................................................... .9 3 .4 1 6 2 .9 1 6 3 .8 1 6 5 .0 1 6 7 .3 1 6 9 .5 1 7 1 .4 1 7 2 .2 1 7 5 .3 1 7 6 .8 .9 4 .3 1 6 0 .9 1 6 1 .8 1 6 2 .5 1 6 5 .2 1 6 6 .6 1 6 8 .3 169.1 1 7 1 .5 173.1 .9 3 .9 1 5 8 .5 1 6 0 .0 1 6 9 .8 1 6 3 .5 1 6 5 .0 166 .1 1 6 6 .9 1 7 0 .2 172.1 1.1 4 .3 4 .3 W o rk e r s , b y a re a s iz e 1 M e tr o p o lita n a r e a s . . . O t h e r a r e a s .............. W A G E S AN D S A LA R IE S W o rk e r s , b y b a rg a in in g s t a t u s 1 U n io n ............................... 1 4 9 .8 1 5 1 .3 1 5 2 .5 1 5 3 .3 1 5 4 .3 1 5 5 .3 1 5 6 .2 1 5 7 .2 1 5 8 .7 1 .0 G o o d s - p r o d u c in g . .. 2 .9 1 5 8 .6 1 5 0 .0 1 5 1 .2 1 5 2 .4 1 5 3 .9 1 5 4 .8 1 5 5 .4 1 5 6 .3 1 5 7 .5 .8 S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g . . 2 .3 1 5 1 .4 1 5 2 .9 154.1 1 5 4 .6 1 55 .1 1 5 6 .3 1 5 7 .3 1 5 8 .5 1 6 0 .3 1.1 3 .4 M a n u f a c t u r in g ......... 1 5 0 .2 1 5 1 .6 153.1 1 5 4 .6 1 5 5 .9 1 5 6 .7 157 .1 158.1 1 5 9 .2 .7 2.1 N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g . 1 4 9 .6 151.1 152 .1 1 5 2 .5 1 5 3 .5 1 5 4 .6 1 5 5 .6 1 5 6 .6 1 5 8 .4 1.1 3 .2 N o n u n io n ........................ 1 5 7 .5 1 58 .1 1 5 8 .5 1 6 0 .4 1 6 1 .5 1 6 3 .0 1 6 3 .4 1 6 4 .6 1 6 5 .6 .6 G o o d s - p r o d u c in g . ... 2 .5 1 5 4 .8 1 5 5 .5 1 5 6 .6 1 5 7 .8 1 5 8 .9 1 5 9 .7 160.1 1 6 1 .4 1 6 2 .4 .6 2 .2 S e r v ic e - p r o d u c in g . . 1 5 8 .3 1 5 8 .9 1 5 9 .0 1 6 1 .2 1 6 2 .3 1 6 4 .0 1 6 4 .5 1 6 5 .6 1 6 6 .6 .6 M a n u f a c t u r in g .......... 2 .6 156.1 1 5 6 .8 1 5 7 .8 1 5 9 .3 1 6 0 .2 1 6 0 .9 1 6 1 .3 1 6 2 .6 1 6 3 .7 .7 2 .2 N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g . . 1 5 7 .5 158 .1 1 5 8 .3 1 6 0 .4 1 6 1 .5 163 .1 1 6 3 .7 1 6 4 .7 1 6 5 .7 .6 2 .6 W o rk e r s , b y r e g io n 1 N o r t h e a s t .............................................. 1 5 4 .9 155.1 1 5 5 .7 1 5 7 .3 1 5 8 .4 1 6 0 .0 1 6 0 .9 1 6 2 .0 1 6 3 .6 S o u t h ...................................................... 1.0 3 .3 1 5 3 .6 1 5 4 .7 1 5 4 .6 1 5 5 .3 156.1 1 5 7 .4 1 5 7 .9 159.1 160.1 .6 2 .6 M id w e s t (fo r m e r ly N o r th C e n tr a l) .. 1 5 8 .5 1 5 9 .2 1 6 0 .2 164.1 1 6 5 .0 166 .1 1 6 6 .5 1 6 6 .9 1 6 7 .7 W e s t ....................................................... .5 1.6 1 5 8 .7 1 5 9 .3 160.1 1 6 1 .3 163 .1 1 6 4 .7 1 6 5 .2 1 6 6 .8 1 6 7 .9 .7 2 .9 W o rk e r s , b y a re a s i z e 1 M e tr o p o lita n a r e a s . . 1 5 6 .7 1 5 7 .4 1 5 7 .9 1 5 9 .6 1 6 0 .7 1 6 2 .2 1 6 2 .7 1 6 3 .8 1 6 4 .9 .7 O t h e r a r e a s ............... 2 .6 1 5 2 .6 1 5 3 .8 1 5 4 .8 1 5 6 .8 1 5 8 .0 1 5 8 .9 1 5 9 .5 1 6 0 .8 162.1 .8 2 .6 T e c h n ic a l N o te , " E s tim a tio n p r o c e d u r e s f o r th e E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x ," M a y 1 9 8 2 . 98 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 34. Percent of full-time employees participating in employer-provided benefit plans, and in selected features within plans, medium and large private establishments, selected years, 1980-97____________________________________________ Ite m S c o p e o f s u r v e y (in 0 0 0 's ) ................................................. 1984 1982 1980 2 1 ,3 5 2 1988 1986 1989 2 1 ,0 4 3 2 1 ,0 1 3 2 1 ,3 0 3 3 1 ,0 5 9 1991 3 2 ,4 2 8 3 1 ,1 6 3 1997 1995 1993 2 8 ,7 2 8 3 3 ,3 7 4 3 8 ,4 0 9 N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s (in 0 0 0 's): W ith m e d ic a l c a r e ............................................................. 2 0 ,7 1 1 2 0 ,4 1 2 2 0 ,3 8 3 2 0 ,2 3 8 2 7 ,9 5 3 2 9 ,8 3 4 2 5 ,8 6 5 2 3 ,5 1 9 2 5 ,5 4 6 2 9 ,3 4 0 W ith life in s u r a n c e ............................................................ 2 0 ,4 9 8 2 0 ,2 0 1 2 0 ,1 7 2 2 0 ,4 5 1 2 8 ,5 7 4 3 0 ,4 8 2 2 9 ,2 9 3 2 6 ,1 7 5 2 9 ,0 7 8 3 3 ,4 9 5 W ith d e fin e d b e n e fit p la n ............................................... 1 7 ,9 3 6 1 7 ,6 7 6 17,2 3 1 1 6 ,1 9 0 1 9 ,5 6 7 2 0 ,4 3 0 1 8 ,3 8 6 1 6 ,0 1 5 1 7 ,4 1 7 1 9 ,2 0 2 T im e - o f f p l a n s P a r tic ip a n t s w ith: P a id lu n c h tim e ................................................................... A v e r a g e m in u t e s p e r d a y .............................................. 10 - 9 9 10 11 10 8 9 25 26 27 29 26 30 29 P a id r e s t t im e ...................................................................... 75 76 73 72 72 71 67 68 A v e r a g e m in u te s p e r d a y .............................................. - 25 26 26 26 26 28 26 P a id f u n e r a l le a v e .............................................................. - - - 88 85 84 80 83 80 81 A v e r a g e d a y s p e r o c c u r r e n c e ...................................... - - - 3 .2 3 .2 3 .3 3 .3 3 .0 3 .3 3 .7 P a id h o lid a y s ....................................................................... 99 99 99 99 96 97 92 91 89 89 A v e r a g e d a y s p e r y e a r .................................................. 10.1 1 0.0 9 .8 1 0.0 9 .4 9 .2 1 0.2 9 .4 9.1 9 .3 P a id p e r s o n a l le a v e ........................................................... 20 24 23 25 24 22 21 21 22 20 A v e r a g e d a y s p e r y e a r .................................................. - 3 .8 3 .6 3 .7 3 .3 3.1 3 .3 3.1 3 .3 3 .5 P a id v a c a t io n s ..................................................................... 1 00 99 99 1 00 98 97 96 97 96 95 P a id s ic k l e a v e 1................................................................. 62 67 67 70 69 68 67 65 58 56 U n p a id m a te rn ity le a v e .................................................... - - - - 33 37 37 60 U n p a id p a te rn ity le a v e ..................................................... - - - - 16 18 26 53 _ _ 93 U n p a id fa m ily l e a v e .......................................................... _ _ - - - - - - - - 84 97 97 97 95 90 92 83 82 77 76 - - 46 66 76 75 81 86 78 85 58 62 62 70 79 80 80 82 73 78 8 18 28 28 30 42 56 63 I n s u r a n c e p la n s P a r tic ip a n t s in m e d ic a l c a r e p la n s ................................... P e r c e n t o f p a r tic ip a n ts w ith c o v e r a g e for: H o m e h e a lth c a r e ............................................................ P e r c e n t o f p a r tic ip a n ts w ith e m p lo y e e c o n trib u tio n r e q u ir e d for: 26 27 A v e r a g e m o n th ly c o n t r ib u tio n .................................... 36 43 44 47 51 61 67 69 $ 1 1 .9 3 $ 1 2 .8 0 $ 1 9 .2 9 $ 2 5 .3 1 $ 2 6 .6 0 $ 3 1 .5 5 $ 3 3 .9 2 $ 3 9 .1 4 F a m ily c o v e r a g e .............................................................. 46 51 58 63 64 66 69 76 78 80 A v e r a g e m o n th ly c o n t r ib u tio n .................................... - - $ 3 5 .9 3 $ 4 1 .4 0 $ 6 0 .0 7 $ 7 2 .1 0 $ 9 6 .9 7 $ 1 0 7 .4 2 $ 1 1 8 .3 3 $ 1 3 0 .0 7 P a r tic ip a n t s in life in s u r a n c e p la n s ................................. 96 96 96 96 92 94 94 91 87 87 69 _ 72 _ 74 _ 72 78 71 71 76 77 74 10 8 7 6 5 7 6 - 64 64 59 49 42 44 41 37 33 40 43 47 48 42 45 40 41 42 43 54 51 51 49 46 43 45 44 53 55 56 52 50 P e r c e n t o f p a r tic ip a n ts w ith: A c c id e n ta l d e a th a n d d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e .......................................................................... R e tir e e p ro te c tio n a v a ila b le ........................................... P a r tic ip a n t s in lo n g - te rm d is a b ility in s u r a n c e p la n s ................................................................ P a r tic ip a n t s in s ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t P a r tic ip a n t s in s h o rt-te rm d is a b ility p la n s 1................... R e t ir e m e n t p l a n s P a r tic ip a n t s in d e fin e d b e n e fit p e n s io n p la n s ............. 84 84 82 76 63 63 59 P e r c e n t o f p a r tic ip a n ts w ith: N o r m a l re tire m e n t p rio r to a g e 6 5 .............................. 55 58 63 64 59 62 55 52 52 52 98 97 97 98 98 97 98 95 96 95 47 35 26 22 7 6 4 10 57 55 64 56 61 58 56 A d h o c p e n s io n in c r e a s e in la s t 5 y e a r s .................. B e n e fit c o o r d in a t e d w ith S o c ia l S e c u r it y ................. P a r tic ip a n t s in d e fin e d c o n trib u tio n p la n s ...................... 53 52 54 45 45 56 62 62 63 54 48 51 49 - - - 60 45 48 48 49 55 57 - - - 33 36 41 44 43 54 55 _ _ _ _ _ P a r tic ip a n t s in p la n s w ith ta x - d e fe rre d s a v in g s a r r a n g e m e n t s .................................................................... O t h e r b e n e f it s E m p lo y e e s e lig ib le for: P r e m iu m c o n v e r s io n p la n s ............................................ _ 2 5 9 10 12 12 13 5 12 23 36 52 38 32 _ _ _ 5 7 1 T h e d e fin itio n s fo r p a id s ic k le a v e a n d s h o rt-te rm d is a b ility ( p re v io u s ly s ic k n e s s a n d fits a t le s s th a n fu ll p a y . a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e ) w e r e c h a n g e d fo r th e 1 9 9 5 s u rv e y . 2 P a id s ic k le a v e n o w in c lu d e s o n ly p la n s th a t s p e c ify e ith e r a m a x im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s p e r y e a r o r u n lim ite d d a y s . S h o r t- te r m s d is a b ility n o w in c lu d e s a ll in s u r e d , s e lf- in s u r e d , a n d S ta te - m a n d a t e d p la n s a v a ila b le o n a p e r -d is a b ility b a s is , a s w e ll a s th e u n fu n d e d p e r-d is a b ility p la n s p r e v io u s ly re p o rte d a s P r io r to 1995, s p e c ific a lly a llo w d o lla r s . A ls o , re im b u r s e m e n t a c c o u n ts in c lu d e d p re m iu m c o n v e r s io n p la n s , w h ic h m e d ic a l p la n p a r tic ip a n ts to p a y r e q u ire d p la n p r e m iu m s w ith p re ta x re im b u r s e m e n t a c c o u n ts th a t w e r e p a rt o f fle x ib le b e n e fit p la n s w e r e ta b u la te d s e p a ra te ly . s ic k le a v e . S ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e , re p o rte d in y e a r s p rio r to th is s u rv e y , in c lu d e d o n ly in s u r e d , s e lf- in s u r e d , a n d S ta te - m a n d a t e d p la n s p ro v id in g p e r -d is a b ility b e n e - https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis N O TE: D a s h in d ic a t e s d a ta n o t a v a ila b le . Monthly Labor Review October 2004 99 Current Labor Statistics: Compensation & Industrial Relations 35. Percent of full-time employees participating in employer-provided benefit plans, and in selected features within plans, small private establishments and State and local governments, 1987, 1990, 1992, 1994, and 1996 Small private establishments Item 1990 1992 1994 State and local governments 1996 1987 1990 1992 1994 S c o p e o f s u r v e y (in 0 0 0 's ) ............................................... 3 2 ,4 6 6 3 4 ,3 6 0 3 5 ,9 1 0 3 9 ,8 1 6 N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s (in 0 0 0 's ) : W ith m e d ic a l c a r e .............................................. 2 2 ,4 0 2 2 4 ,3 9 6 2 3 ,5 3 6 2 5 ,5 9 9 W ith life i n s u r a n c e .................................................. 2 0 ,7 7 8 2 1 ,9 9 0 2 1 ,9 5 5 2 4 ,6 3 5 8 ,7 7 3 1 1 ,4 1 5 1 1 ,0 9 5 1 1 ,1 9 4 W ith d e f in e d b e n e f it p la n ..................................... 6 ,4 9 3 7 ,5 5 9 5 ,4 8 0 5 ,8 8 3 9 ,5 9 9 1 1 ,6 7 5 1 0 ,8 4 5 1 1 ,7 0 8 1 0 ,3 2 1 9 ,5 9 9 1 2 ,9 7 2 1 2 ,4 6 6 1 2 ,0 6 4 1 2 ,9 0 7 1 1 ,2 1 9 1 1 ,1 9 2 T im e - o ff p la n s P a r t ic ip a n t s w ith: P a id lu n c h t im e ............................................................ A v e r a g e m in u t e s p e r d a y ........................................... P a id r e s t t im e ............................................................. A v e r a g e m in u t e s p e r d a y .............................................. P a id fu n e r a l le a v e ........................................................... A v e r a g e d a y s p e r o c c u r r e n c e ...................................... P a id h o lid a y s .............................................................. 8 9 - _ 17 11 10 37 37 _ _ 34 36 34 48 49 - - 58 56 27 26 - _ 29 29 29 47 50 50 51 56 63 65 62 2 .9 3 .0 3.1 3 .0 3 .7 3 .7 3 .7 3 .7 53 84 82 82 80 81 74 75 73 A v e r a q e d a y s p e r y e a r ' .................................................. P a id p e r s o n a l le a v e ............................................................ 9 .5 11 9 .2 7 .5 7 .6 1 0 .9 1 4 .2 A v e r a g e d a y s p e r y e a r .................................................... 12 13 14 38 1 3 .6 39 38 1 1 .5 38 2 .8 2 .6 2 .6 3 .0 2 .7 2 .9 2 .9 3 .0 P a id v a c a t io n s ..................................................................... 88 88 88 86 72 67 67 66 P a id s ic k le a v e 2....................................................... 47 53 50 50 97 95 95 94 U n p a id le a v e ......................................................... 17 18 _ 57 51 59 30 - 33 44 _ U n p a id p a te r n it y le a v e .................................................... 8 7 _ _ U n p a id fa m ily le a v e .................................................. - - 47 48 69 71 66 64 93 93 90 87 79 80 - - 76 82 87 84 93 In s u ra n c e p la n s P a r t ic ip a n t s in m e d ic a l c a r e p la n s ................................ P e r c e n t o f p a r t ic ip a n t s w ith c o v e r a g e for: H o m e h e a lth c a r e .......................................................... E x t e n d e d c a r e f a c ilit ie s .................................................... 83 84 - - 78 79 84 81 P h y s ic a l e x a m .................................................................... 26 28 - - 36 36 47 55 P e r c e n t o f p a r t ic ip a n t s w ith e m p lo y e e c o n t r ib u tio n r e q u ir e d for: S e lf c o v e r a g e .................................................................... A v e r a g e m o n th ly c o n t r ib u t io n ..................................... F a m ily c o v e r a g e ............................................... 42 47 52 52 35 38 43 47 $ 2 5 .1 3 $ 3 6 .5 1 $ 4 0 .9 7 $ 4 2 .6 3 $ 1 5 .7 4 $ 2 5 .5 3 $ 2 8 .9 7 $ 3 0 .2 0 67 73 76 75 71 65 72 71 A v e r a g e m o n th ly c o n t r ib u t io n ..................................... $ 1 0 9 .3 4 $ 1 5 0 .5 4 $ 1 5 9 .6 3 $ 1 8 1 .5 3 $ 7 1 .8 9 $ 1 1 7 .5 9 $ 1 3 9 .2 3 $ 1 4 9 .7 0 P a r t ic ip a n t s in life in s u r a n c e p la n s ................................... 64 64 61 62 85 88 89 87 79 77 64 P e r c e n t o f p a r tic ip a n ts w ith: A c c id e n t a l d e a th a n d d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e ............................................................................. 78 76 67 67 74 S u r v iv o r in c o m e b e n e f it s .................................................. 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 R e t ir e e p r o te c tio n a v a ila b le ............................................ 19 25 20 13 55 45 46 46 22 31 27 28 30 14 21 22 21 91 P a r t ic ip a n t s in lo n g - te r m d is a b ilit y I n s u r a n c e p la n s .................................................................... 19 23 20 in s u r a n c e p la n s ................................................................... 6 26 26 P a r t ic ip a n t s in s h o rt-te rm d is a b ilit y p la n s 2................... - _ P a r t ic ip a n t s in s ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t _ _ 29 R e tire m e n t p la n s P a r t ic ip a n t s in d e f in e d b e n e fit p e n s io n p la n s ............. 20 22 15 15 93 90 87 N o r m a l re tir e m e n t p r io r to a g e 6 5 ............................... 54 50 _ 47 92 89 92 92 87 P e r c e n t o f p a r tic ip a n ts w ith: E a r ly r e tir e m e n t a v a ila b le ............................................... 95 95 - 88 89 7 4 - 92 - 90 A d h o c p e n s io n in c r e a s e In la s t 5 y e a r s .................... 33 16 10 13 T e r m in a l e a r n in g s f o r m u la .............................................. 58 54 - 53 100 100 100 99 B e n e f it c o o r d in a t e d w ith S o c ia l S e c u r it y ................... 49 46 - 44 18 8 10 49 P a r t ic ip a n t s in d e f in e d c o n t r ib u tio n p la n s ...................... 31 33 34 38 9 9 9 g 17 24 23 28 28 45 45 24 P a r t ic ip a n t s in p la n s w ith ta x - d e f e r r e d s a v in g s a r r a n g e m e n t s ........................................................ O t h e r b e n e fits E m p lo y e e s e lig ib le for: F le x ib le b e n e f it s p la n s ........................................................ 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 R e im b u r s e m e n t a c c o u n t s 3.............................................. 8 14 19 12 5 31 50 64 - - P r e m iu m c o n v e r s io n p la n s ............................................ 1 M e t h o d s u s e d to c a lc u la t e th e a v e r a g e n u m b e r o f p a id h o lid a y s w e r e r e v is e d in 1 9 9 4 to c o u n t p a rtia l d a y s m o r e p r e c is e ly . A v e r a g e h o lid a y s fo r 1 9 9 4 a r e n o t c o m p a r a b le w ith t h o s e r e p o r t e d in 1 9 9 0 a n d 1 9 9 2 . 2 The d e f in it io n s fo r p a id s ic k le a v e and s h o rt-te rm 7 S ic k n e s s and - a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e , r e p o r t e d in y e a r s p r io r to th is s u r v e y , in c lu d e d o n ly in s u r e d , s e lf - in s u r e d , a n d S t a t e - m a n d a t e d p la n s p r o v id in g p e rd is a b ilit y b e n e f it s a t le s s th a n fu ll p a y . d is a b ilit y ( p r e v io u s ly s ic k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e ) w e r e c h a n g e d fo r th e 1 9 9 6 s u r v e y . P a id s ic k 3 P r io r to 1 9 9 6 , r e im b u r s e m e n t a c c o u n t s in c lu d e d p re m iu m c o n v e r s io n p la n s , w h ic h s p e c ific a lly a llo w m e d ic a l p la n p a r tic ip a n ts to pay r e q u ir e d p la n le a v e n o w in c lu d e s o n ly p la n s th a t s p e c ify e it h e r a m a x im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s p r e m iu m s w ith p re ta x d o lla r s . A ls o , r e im b u r s e m e n t a c c o u n t s th a t w e r e p a rt o f p e r y e a r o r u n lim it e d d a y s . fle x ib le b e n e fit p la n s w e r e ta b u la t e d s e p a r a te ly . S h o r t- te r m d is a b ilit y n o w in c lu d e s a ll in s u r e d , s e lf- in s u r e d , a n d S t a t e - m a n d a t e d p la n s a v a ila b le o n a p e r - d ls a b ilit y b a s is , a s w e ll a s th e u n fu n d e d 100 p e r - d is a b ilit y p la n s p r e v io u s ly Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis r e p o r t e d a s s ic k le a v e . October 2004 No te : D a s h in d ic a t e s d a ta n o t a v a ila b le . 36. Work stoppages involving 1,000 workers or more Annual totals Measure 2002 2003 2003 Aug. Sept. 2004p Nov. Oct. Jan. Dec. Apr. Mar. Feb. June May Aug. July N u m b e r o f s to p p a g e s : B e g in n in g in p e r io d .................................. 19 14 3 0 5 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 3 0 2 In e ff e c t d u r in g p e r io d ............................. 20 15 3 2 5 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 2 W o r k e r s in v o lv e d : B e g in n in g in p e r io d (in th o u s a n d s ) . ... 46 1 2 9 .2 8 .2 .0 8 2 .2 8 .0 .0 .0 6 .5 2 .2 .0 1 0 3 .0 2 7 .6 .0 3 .7 In e ff e c t d u r in g p e r io d (in t h o u s a n d s ) . 47 1 3 0 .5 8 .2 3 .2 8 2 .2 7 6 .7 7 0 .5 6 1 .3 6 6 .5 2 .2 2 .2 1 0 3 .0 2 8 .6 1 .6 3 .7 6 ,5 9 6 4 ,0 9 1 .2 3 5 .9 5 1 .3 1 ,1 6 8 .5 1 ,2 1 9 .0 1 ,4 7 3 .4 1 ,2 0 3 .9 1 ,1 4 6 .5 4 4 .0 2 6 .4 2 0 4 .0 9 4 .0 3 .2 5 2 .5 .0 4 .0 4 .0 5 .0 5 .0 5 .0 5 .0 0 .0 0 .01 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 D a y s id le: P e r c e n t o f e s t im a te d w o r k in a t im e 1.... 1 ____<1 .01 ___ CL A g r ic u ltu r a l a n d g o v e r n m e n t e m p lo y e e s a r e I n c lu d e d In th e to ta l e m p lo y e d a n d to tal w o r k in g tim e ; p riv a te h o u s e h o ld , fo re s try , a n d fis h e r y e m p lo y e e s a r e e x c lu d e d . An M o n t h ly L a b o r R e v ie w , O c t o b e r 1 9 6 8 , p p .5 4 - 5 6 . 2 L e s s th a n 0 .0 0 5 . e x p la n a tio n o f th e m e a s u r e m e n t o f id le n e s s a s a p e r c e n t a g e o f th e to ta l tim e w o r k e d is fo u n d in " T o ta l e c o n o m y m e a s u r e s o f s tr ik e id le n e s s , " https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis No te : D a s h in d ic a t e s d a ta n o t a v a ila b le . P = p r e lim in a ry . Monthly Labor Review October 2004 101 Current Labor Statistics: Price Data 37. Consumer Price Indexes for All Urban Consumers and for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: U.S. city average, by expenditure category and commodity or service group [ 1 9 8 2 - 8 4 = 1 0 0 , u n le s s o t h e r w is e in d ic a t e d ] A n n u a l a v e ra g e 2003 2004 S e r ie s 2002 2003 Aug. S e p t. O c t. N ov. D ec. Jan Feb. M a r. A p r. M ay Ju n e J u ly Aug. C O N S U M E R P R I C E IN D E X FO R A L L U RBAN CO N SU M ERS A ll ite m s ................................................... 179.9 184.0 184.6 185.2 185.0 184.5 184.3 185.2 186.2 187.4 188.0 189.1 189.7 189.4 A ll Item s (1 9 6 7 = 1 0 0 )................................... 189.5 5 38 .8 551.1 5 53 .0 5 54 .7 554 .3 5 52 .7 552.1 5 54 .9 557 .9 5 61 .5 5 63 .2 566 .4 5 68 .2 5 67 .5 5 67 .6 176.8 180.5 180.9 181.3 182.2 182.9 184.7 184.3 F o o d a n d b e v e r a g e s ............................................. 184.5 184.9 185.0 186.5 186.8 187.2 187 .3 176.2 180.0 180.4 180.7 181.7 182.4 180.0 183.8 184.1 184.4 184.5 186.1 186.3 186.8 186.8 175.6 179.4 179.7 180.1 181.5 182.4 184.1 184.0 184.0 184.3 184.1 186.6 186.8 C e r e a ls an d b a k e ry p ro d u c ts ............................. 198.C 202.£ 2 0 4 .5 2 0 3 .5 203.1 202 .5 2 02 .9 203 9 187.1 on-7 o .186.7 M e a ts, po ultry, fish, an d e g g s ................................. 162.1 169.3 169.7 171.1 174.0 179.3 181.1 179 9 F o o d .................................................................... F o o d at h o m e ............................................. to o - D a iry a n d re late d p ro d u c ts 1..................................... 168.1 167.9 1 67 .5 170.3 171.8 171.2 173.0 172.4 172.1 171.9 174.0 185.9 1 88 .8 187.7 184.9 F ru its a n d v e g e ta b le s ............................................. 2 20 .9 225 .9 2 24 .9 2 24 .4 2 26 .3 2 27 .5 2 32 .4 2 32 .4 2 29 .7 230.1 2 2 8 .3 2 31 .7 2 2 6 .7 2 2 4 .5 2 24 .0 N o n a lc o h o lic b e v e ra g e s a n d b e v e ra g e m a te ria ls ............................................................ 139.2 139.8 139.7 139.2 140.5 137.9 139.3 140.7 141.4 140.8 139.7 169.9 139 .8 140.5 140.3 O th e r fo o d s at h o m e ............................................. 160.8 162.6 163.2 163.1 163.0 162.0 163.0 162.8 163.7 165.1 165.0 165.4 165.8 166.0 166.2 S u g a r a n d s w e e ts .................................................... 159.0 162.0 162.5 162.3 162.5 161.7 161.0 1 63 0 F a ts a n d o ils .............................................. 155.4 157.4 157.7 157.6 159.7 157.3 157.7 160.7 162.3 166.2 166.2 169.4 171.3 171.9 169.7 O th e r f o o d s ....................................................... 177.1 178.8 179.4 179.4 178.7 177.9 179.6 178.0 178.9 180.4 180.4 180.1 180.5 180.3 180.9 O th e r m is c e lla n e o u s fo o d s 1’2................... F o o d a w a y fro m h o m e 1.................................. O th e r fo o d a w a y from h o m e 1,2.............................. A lc o h o lic b e v e r a g e s ........................................ H o u s in g .................................................. S h e lte r....................................................... R e n t of p rim a ry r e s id e n c e ........................................ 1C3 0 109.2 110.3 109.9 111.0 110.7 109.0 109.8 109.1 109.5 111.7 110.5 110.8 110.9 109.4 111.5 178.3 182.1 182.6 182.8 183.3 183.8 184.3 184.9 185.5 185.8 186.2 186.7 187.0 187 .8 188.4 124.0 124.1 124.7 124.8 124.8 125.1 125.4 117.7 121.3 121.4 121.8 122.3 122.7 122.9 123.9 183.6 187.2 187.1 187.9 188.1 188.6 188.7 189 4 180.3 184.8 186.1 185.8 185.7 185.1 185.1 186.3 187.0 187.9 208.1 213.1 2 1 4 .3 2 1 3 .8 2 14 .7 2 14 .2 213.1 2 15 .2 2 16 .0 2 1 7 .8 199.7 2 05 .5 206.1 2 06 .6 2 06 .9 2 07 .5 2 05 .5 2 08 .3 2 08 .8 2 09 .2 10° ° 188.4 188.9 190 .3 190.9 191.2 2 18 .4 2 18 .7 2 1 9 .2 2 2 0 .0 2 2 0 .3 2 09 .7 2 10 .2 2 1 0 .7 2 11 .2 2 11 .9 L o d g in g a w a y fro m h o m e .......................................... 118.3 119.3 125.1 118.5 120.9 115.0 119.3 117.2 120.0 128.1 129.1 128.2 129.1 132.2 130.6 O w n e rs ' e q u iv a le n t rent of p rim a ry re s id e n c e 3.... 2 1 4 .7 2 19 .9 220.1 2 2 0 .7 221 .4 221 .9 2 19 .9 2 22 .6 2 22 .9 2 2 3 .3 223 .9 2 24 .3 2 2 4 .7 225.1 2 2 5 .7 T e n a n ts ' a n d h o u se h o ld in s u ra n c e 1'2.................... 108.7 114.8 115.8 115.9 116.0 114.3 116.3 114.8 114.8 115.1 115.7 116.1 116.2 116.1 143.6 154.5 159.2 159.6 155.0 152.9 154.5 156.3 156.9 155.2 155.6 158.1 165.5 166.6 167.7 F u e ls ............................................................................ 127.2 138.2 143.0 143.4 138.2 135.7 138.7 139.2 139.5 137.6 138.0 140.4 1 48 .5 1 49 .5 150 .5 F u e l oil a n d o th er f u e ls .......................................... 115.5 139.5 130.7 130.5 131.4 134.8 139.1 149.9 155.1 152.5 149.6 150.4 150.7 151.1 157.4 G a s (piped) a n d e le c tric ity .................................... 134.4 145.0 151.0 151.5 145.6 142.6 145.0 145.5 145.5 143.5 144.2 146.8 155.8 156.9 157.6 H o u se h o ld fu rn is h in g s a n d o p e ra tio n s ................... 128.3 126.1 125.5 125.2 125.1 124.9 124.7 125.3 125.7 125.7 125.6 125.4 124.8 F u e ls an d u tilitie s................................................. 115.0 125.6 125.2 124.0 120.9 117.2 122.0 124.8 123.1 119.0 115.8 118.6 123.5 124.3 123.4 120.1 115.9 116.5 M e n 's a n d b o y s ' a p p a r e l............................................ 121.7 118.0 113.4 117.3 120.8 121.4 118.0 115.5 117.1 119.8 120.3 120.3 117 .7 115.2 1 13 .8 W o m e n 's a n d g irls' a p p a r e l...................................... 115.8 113.1 107.9 115.5 118.8 115.7 110.9 105.7 110.3 117.6 118.7 116.9 112.3 106.1 107.5 125.2 123.0 119.2 117.7 119.3 121.9 120.5 118.1 116.2 114.5 115.0 A p p a r e l............................................................................ Infants' an d to d d le rs' a p p a r e l1................................. 126.4 122.1 120.8 124.1 F o o tw e a r...................................................................... 121.4 119.6 117.8 120.3 121.8 121.0 118.5 115.9 117.0 120.1 121.0 120.3 118.4 115.1 117.3 T ra n sp o rta tio n ................................................................. 152.9 157.6 158.3 159.4 157.1 155.7 154.7 157.0 158.8 160.5 161.8 165.2 165.7 164.0 162.9 P riv a te tra n sp o rta tio n ............................................... 148.8 153.6 154.1 155.4 153.0 151.7 150.8 153.2 154.9 156.6 157.9 161.5 161.9 160.0 159.1 99.2 96.5 9 6.0 95.1 94.6 94.6 94.4 94.3 94.4 94.2 94.1 9 4.0 93.6 9 3.5 93.4 140.0 137.9 136.8 136.4 136.5 137.5 138.0 138.0 138.3 137.9 137.6 137.4 137.2 135.9 134.9 N e w an d u se d m otor v e h ic le s 2................................. N e w v e h ic le s ................................................. U s e d c a r s a n d tru c k s 1......................................... M o to r fu e l........................................................... G a s o lin e (all ty p e s )................................................... 152.0 142.9 143.3 139.0 135.1 132.0 131.0 130.8 131.0 131.2 131.3 131.8 130.6 132.1 133 .8 116.6 135.8 139.0 147.1 136.6 131.2 127.8 136.7 143.1 150.5 155.9 170.5 173.3 165.2 162.0 135.1 138.4 161.2 116.0 146.5 136.0 130.6 127.2 136.1 142.5 149.8 155.3 169.8 172.7 164.5 M o to r v e h ic le p a rts a n d e q u ip m e n t......................... 106.9 107.8 107.9 107.7 107.9 107.9 107.8 108.0 108.0 107.8 107.9 107.9 108.2 108.8 109.0 M o to r v e h ic le m a in te n a n c e a n d re p a ir.................... 190.2 195.6 195.7 196.2 196.9 197.2 198.0 198.2 198.2 198.5 198.6 199.0 199.7 2 0 0 .3 2 0 0 .8 P u b lic tra n sp o rta tio n ..................................................... 207 .4 2 09 .3 2 1 3 .8 2 11 .2 2 11 .3 207 .9 2 05 .6 2 0 6 .3 208.1 2 09 .9 2 1 1 .5 2 10 .7 2 1 2 .3 2 14 .4 2 0 9 .7 2 85 .6 297.1 2 98 .4 2 99 .2 299 .9 300.8 302.1 3 03 .6 3 06 .0 307 .5 3 08 .3 3 09 .0 3 10 .0 3 11 .0 3 11 .6 2 56 .4 2 62 .8 264.1 2 64 .9 264 .7 264 .0 2 65 .0 2 65 .5 2 66 .7 2 67 .3 2 68 .5 269.1 2 69 .6 2 69 .9 2 7 0 .0 M e d ic a l c a r e ............................................................... M e d ic a l c a re c o m m o d itie s ........................................... M e d ic a l c a re s e r v ic e s ................................................. 2 92 .9 3 06 .0 3 07 .2 3 08 .2 309.1 310.6 3 11 .9 3 13 .8 316 .6 318 .4 3 19 .2 3 19 .8 3 21 .0 3 2 2 .3 323.1 P r o fe s s io n a l s e r v ic e s .............................................. 2 53 .9 2 6 1 .2 2 61 .7 2 62 .2 2 63 .0 2 63 .0 2 61 .2 2 6 2 .5 2 68 .0 2 69 .7 2 70 .6 2 70 .9 2 71 .6 2 7 2 .3 2 7 3 .3 H o sp ita l a n d re late d s e r v ic e s .................................... 3 67 .8 3 94 .8 3 98 .6 3 99 .6 4 00 .7 4 05 .6 4 07 .0 4 09 .7 4 12 .5 4 13 .8 4 13 .6 4 14 .6 4 16 .9 419.1 4 1 8 .8 106.2 107.5 107.7 107.7 107.6 107.8 107.7 107.9 108.4 108.8 109.0 108.8 108.9 108 .7 108.5 102.6 103.6 103.7 103.5 103.5 103.8 103.3 103.6 104.1 104.3 104.7 104.6 104.4 104.4 104.1 R e c re a tio n 2 V id e o a n d a u d ln 1'2 .......... E d u c a tio n a n d co m m u n ic a tio n 2.................................... 107.9 109.8 110.1 110.9 110.9 110.8 110.9 111.1 111.2 111.1 110.9 110.6 1 10 .8 110.9 111.7 E d u c a tio n 2..................................................................... 126.0 134.4 136.2 138.7 139.1 139.0 139.4 140.1 140.4 140.6 140.7 140.9 141.6 142.1 145.1 E d u c a tio n a l b o o k s an d s u p p lie s ............................ 317 .6 3 35 .4 3 38 .5 338 .2 339 .7 336 .0 342 .8 3 45 .4 3 48 .6 3 48 .9 3 49 .5 349 .6 3 50 .6 3 49 .5 3 53 .3 T u itio n, o th er s c h o o l fe e s , a n d ch ild c a r e ............ 362.1 362.1 392.1 4 00 .0 401.1 4 01 .2 4 01 .7 4 03 .6 4 04 .2 4 04 .7 4 04 .9 4 05 .6 4 07 .6 4 09 .4 4 1 8 .3 92.3 8 9.7 8 9.0 8 8.6 88.4 88.2 8 8.2 88.1 88.1 8 7.7 87.4 86.9 8 6.8 8 6.5 86.1 Inform ation a n d in fo rm ation p ro c e s s in q 1,2.......... 9 0.8 8 7.8 87.0 8 6.7 8 6.4 86.2 8 6.2 86.1 86.1 8 5.7 85.4 84.8 8 4.7 8 4.5 84.0 T e le p h o n e s e r v ic e s 1'2.......................................... 9 9.7 9 8.3 9 7 .8 9 7.4 97.1 97.2 9 7.2 97.0 97.1 96.7 9 6.5 95.9 9 5.8 95.6 95.0 18.3 16.1 15.7 15.6 15.6 15.4 15.3 15.3 15.2 15.2 15.0 14.9 14.9 14.8 14.7 C o m m u n ic a tio n 1,2..................... Inform ation a n d Inform ation p ro c e s s in g o th er th a n te le n h o n e s e r v ic e s 1,4...... P e rs o n a l c o m p u te rs a n d p e rip h e ra l e q u ip m e n t1,2................................................... 22.2 17.6 16.7 16.3 16.5 16.3 16.2 16.2 16.0 15.8 15.9 15.7 15.5 15.3 15.1 O th e r g o o d s a n d s e r v ic e s ............................................... 2 93 .2 2 9 8 .7 2 99 .6 2 99 .9 300.2 3 00 .0 300 .2 3 01 .4 3 02 .3 303.1 3 03 .6 3 03 .8 304.1 305.1 3 0 5 .5 T o b a c c o a n d s m o k in g p ro d u c ts .................................. 4 6 1 .5 4 69 .0 4 71 .8 4 68 .7 4 69 .5 469.1 470 .4 4 73 .0 4 72 .6 4 73 .6 4 7 3 .3 4 7 3 .5 4 7 6 .0 4 80 .5 4 8 1 .6 P e rs o n a l c a r e 1................................................................ 174.7 178.0 178.4 179.0 179.1 179.0 179.0 179.7 180.4 180.9 181.3 181.4 181.4 181.7 181.9 P e rs o n a l c a re p ro d u c ts 1........................................... 154.7 153.5 153.5 153.4 153.6 153.2 153.4 153.8 154.5 154.5 154.5 154.6 153.8 153.4 152.8 P e rs o n a l c a re s e r v ic e s 1................................... 188.4 193.2 193.9 195.4 195.6 194.2 194.3 194.6 195.2 195.8 196.1 196.6 196.9 197.51 198.9 S e e fo o tn o te s at e n d o f ta b le . 102 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 37. Continued— Consumer Price indexes for All Urban Consumers and for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: U.S. city average, by expenditure category and commodity or service group [1982-84 ■=100, unless otherwise indicated] Annual average Series 2002 2003 2004 2003 Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. 2 7 4 .4 2 8 3 .5 2 84 .3 2 8 5 .3 2 8 5 .8 2 87 .0 287.1 2 8 8 .8 2 9 0 .4 2 9 1 .6 2 9 2 .7 293.1 2 9 3 .6 2 9 4 .4 2 9 5 .2 149.7 151.2 1 50 .9 1 52 .0 151 .4 150.9 150.4 151.1 152 .3 153.7 1 54 .3 1 56 .0 1 55 .8 1 54 .5 1 54 .2 176.8 180.5 180.9 181.3 182.2 182.9 184.1 184.3 184 .5 184.9 1 85 .0 1 86 .5 1 86 .8 1 87 .2 1 87 .3 134.2 134.5 1 33 .9 135.4 134.1 132.9 131.7 1 32 .6 134.2 136.0 136 .9 1 38 .6 1 38 .2 136.1 1 35 .6 145.1 149.7 149.2 153.1 151 .2 149.0 146.7 148.4 151.4 155.3 157.2 1 60 .9 1 60 .5 1 56 .7 156.1 124.0 120.9 117.2 1 2 2 .0 1 24 .8 123.1 119.0 115.8 118.6 123.5 124 .3 1 23 .4 1 2 0 .1 115 .9 116 .5 162.2 171.5 176.4 115.7 1 71 .6 115.2 167.7 179.1 181 .7 115.0 1 15 .3 115.1 115 .0 188.2 114 .8 1 89 .5 115.1 172 .3 115.1 175.6 117.5 173.0 116.7 169.1 121.4 1 14 .5 185 .8 114.1 184 .4 113 .7 C o m m o d ity a n d s e r v ic e gro up : C o m m o d itie s ................................................................ N o n d u ra b le s le s s fo o d , b e v e ra g e s , 2 0 9 .8 2 1 6 .5 2 18 .0 218.1 2 1 8 .4 2 1 7 .9 2 1 7 .9 219.1 2 1 9 .9 2 2 1 .0 2 2 1 .5 2 2 1 .9 2 2 3 .3 224.1 2 2 4 .5 2 1 6 .7 2 2 1 .9 223.1 2 2 2 .6 2 2 3 .5 2 23 .0 2 2 2 .9 224.1 2 2 4 .9 2 2 6 .8 2 2 7 .4 2 2 7 .7 2 2 8 .3 2 2 9 .2 2 2 9 .4 209.1 2 1 6 .3 2 1 7 .2 2 1 6 .8 2 1 8 .9 2 1 8 .6 2 1 7 .7 2 1 8 .7 2 1 9 .3 2 1 9 .7 2 2 0 .0 2 2 0 .0 2 2 0 .5 2 2 1 .6 2 2 0 .8 2 4 6 .4 2 5 4 .4 2 5 5 .5 2 57 .0 2 5 7 .2 2 5 7 .3 2 5 7 .4 2 5 8 .4 2 59 .2 2 5 9 .5 2 5 9 .7 2 5 9 .6 2 6 0 .2 2 6 0 .5 2 6 1 .9 180.5 184.7 185.3 186.0 185 .6 184.9 184.4 1 85 .5 186.6 188.0 188 .6 1 89 .6 1 90 .3 189 .9 189 .9 1 70 .8 1 74 .6 175.0 176.0 175 .5 174.9 174.7 1 75 .6 176.7 1 77 .6 178 .2 179 .6 180 .2 179 .6 179 .5 S p e c ia l in d e x e s: 1 74 .3 178.1 178.7 179.2 179.1 1 78 .5 178.2 179.1 180.1 1 81 .3 1 81 .8 182 .9 1 83 .5 183 .2 183.2 136.0 1 36 .5 135 .9 137.3 136.1 135.0 133.8 134.7 136 .3 138.0 1 38 .9 1 40 .6 140 .3 138 .2 137 .7 147.4 1 51 .9 151 .5 155.2 1 53 .3 151.3 149.2 150.8 153.7 157.5 1 59 .3 1 62 .8 162 .4 1 58 .8 158 .2 163.3 172.1 173.4 176.6 172 .2 170.0 168.8 173.0 176.1 179.4 1 81 .7 1 87 .7 189 .0 1 85 .6 184 .3 161.1 165.3 165.2 167.4 1 66 .8 166.1 165.4 166.4 168.1 170.3 1 71 .4 174.1 174 .0 172.2 1 71 .9 2 1 7 .5 2 26 .4 2 28 .4 2 2 9 .2 2 2 8 .7 2 28 .2 2 28 .4 2 29 .7 2 3 0 .6 2 30 .7 231.1 2 3 1 .7 2 3 4 .2 2 3 5 .0 2 3 5 .6 2 0 2 .5 2 0 8 .7 2 1 0 .3 2 1 0 .3 2 1 0 .5 2 09 .9 2 0 9 .9 2 1 1 .0 2 1 1 .7 2 1 2 .7 2 1 3 .2 2 1 3 .6 2 1 5 .0 2 1 5 .8 2 1 6 .2 121.7 136.5 140.6 144 .6 1 36 .9 133.1 131.8 137.4 1 40 .6 143.1 1 45 .9 154.1 1 59 .7 1 56 .3 1 55 .3 187.7 190.6 190.8 191 .0 1 91 .7 191.6 191.5 191.9 1 92 .7 193 .7 194.1 1 94 .3 1 94 .4 1 94 .5 1 94 .7 190 .5 193.2 193.5 193 .6 1 94 .3 193.9 193.6 194.0 194.9 196.1 196 .5 1 96 .5 1 96 .6 196.6 1 96 .8 143 .7 140 .9 139.7 140 .2 1 40 .4 139 .9 139.0 138.5 139.3 140.3 140 .5 1 40 .2 1 39 .4 138.2 138.1 117.1 136 .7 139.2 146 .9 1 37 .0 132.1 129.0 138.2 144.6 151.3 156 .3 170.1 1 72 .8 165.1 162.5 2 1 7 .5 2 2 3 .8 2 24 .9 2 2 4 .9 2 2 5 .8 2 2 5 .6 2 2 5 .5 2 2 6 .6 2 2 7 .5 2 2 8 .9 2 2 9 .4 2 2 9 .6 2 3 0 .2 2 3 1 .0 2 3 1 .4 C O N S U M E R P R IC E INDEX F O R U R B A N W A G E E A R N ER S AND C LE R IC A L W O R K ER S A ll ite m s (1 9 6 7 = 1 0 0 ).................................................. 1 75 .9 179.8 180.6 181 .0 180 .7 180.2 179.9 180.9 181 .9 182.9 1 83 .5 184 .7 1 85 .3 184 .9 185.0 5 2 3 .9 5 3 5 .6 537.1 5 39 .2 5 3 8 .2 536 .7 5 36 .0 5 38 .7 5 41 .7 5 44 .8 5 4 6 .5 5 5 0 .2 5 5 1 .9 5 50 .8 5 5 1 .0 176.1 1 79 .9 180.2 180.7 181 .7 182.4 183.6 183.8 184.0 184.4 1 84 .5 186 .0 186 .4 186.8 186.9 176.5 179.4 179.7 180.2 181 .2 181.9 183.1 183.3 183.5 183.8 1 83 .9 1 85 .6 1 85 .9 1 86 .3 186.4 175.1 178.5 178 .8 179.4 180.7 181.6 183 .3 183.2 183.2 183 .5 1 83 .3 1 85 .8 186.1 1 86 .3 186.1 198.0 2 0 2 .8 2 0 4 .5 2 0 3 .5 2 0 3 .2 2 02 .4 2 02 .4 2 0 3 .8 2 04 .4 2 04 .9 2 0 5 .5 2 0 6 .0 2 0 6 .7 2 0 7 .2 2 0 7 .0 162.0 169.2 169.5 1 70 .9 173 .8 179.2 181.0 1 79 .9 179 .7 179 .6 179.1 181.1 1 82 .4 1 83 .7 183.7 167.2 167.6 167.0 170.2 171 .7 171.0 172.7 172.2 171.7 171 .3 1 73 .6 186.1 189 .0 187.8 1 84 .9 2 2 2 .9 2 2 4 .3 2 2 3 .8 2 2 3 .4 2 2 4 .9 2 2 5 .3 2 2 9 .7 2 2 9 .7 2 2 7 .5 2 2 7 .8 2 2 5 .5 2 2 8 .9 2 2 4 .3 2 2 2 .3 2 2 2 .2 138.6 139.1 1 38 .9 138 .5 139 .8 137.3 138.6 140.0 140.8 140.1 139.1 1 39 .3 1 39 .3 1 39 .8 1 39 .6 160.4 162.2 1 62 .6 162 .8 162 .5 161.6 162.5 162 .3 1 63 .3 164.7 164 .6 165.1 1 65 .5 1 65 .6 1 65 .8 158.8 161 .6 162.1 162.1 162.1 161.4 160.5 162.4 163.2 162.6 1 61 .9 162 .9 1 62 .2 1 62 .9 1 63 .8 155.3 157.4 1 57 .7 157 .6 1 59 .6 157.3 157.7 160.7 162.2 166.0 166.1 169.4 1 71 .4 1 72 .0 1 69 .9 N o n a lc o h o lic b e v e r a g e s a n d b e v e ra g e O w n e rs ' e q u iv a le n t re nt o f p rim a ry r e s id e n c e 3 177.6 179.2 1 79 .7 180.0 179.0 178.3 180.0 178.4 179.4 180 .8 1 80 .8 180 .5 1 80 .8 1 80 .7 1 81 .4 109.7 1 1 0 .8 1 1 0 .0 111 .3 1 1 1 .2 109.5 110.3 109 .6 1 1 0 .1 1 1 2 .2 1 1 1 .0 1 1 1 .2 1 11 .4 1 09 .7 1 1 2 .0 178.2 182.0 182.4 182 .7 1 83 .3 183.7 184.2 184 .8 1 85 .3 185 .6 186.1 186 .6 1 86 .8 187.6 188.2 118.1 121.5 1 2 1 .6 1 2 2 .0 1 22 .5 122 .9 123.1 123.6 1 23 .8 123 .8 124 .3 124 .6 1 24 .7 124 .9 1 25 .2 183.3 187.1 186.9 187.7 188.1 188.8 188.9 189.5 190.0 191.2 192.1 192 .0 1 92 .7 192.2 192.8 175.7 180 .4 181.6 181.6 1 81 .3 180.9 181.0 182.1 182.6 183.2 183 .6 184.1 185 .6 186.2 186 .6 2 0 1 .9 2 0 6 .9 2 07 .7 2 0 7 .6 2 0 8 .3 2 08 .2 2 08 .2 2 0 9 .2 2 0 9 .8 2 1 1 .0 2 1 1 .5 2 1 1 .8 2 1 2 .2 2 1 3 .0 2 1 3 .4 199.0 2 0 4 .7 2 0 5 .3 2 0 5 .8 206.1 2 0 6 .6 2 07 .0 2 0 7 .4 2 08 .0 2 0 8 .4 2 0 8 .9 2 0 9 .4 2 0 9 .9 2 1 0 .3 2 1 1 .0 118.4 119.8 125.2 1 19 .8 121 .7 116.2 113.4 118.5 1 2 1 .1 1 28 .8 1 29 .8 128 .2 1 28 .8 133.0 131 .6 195.1 199.7 199.9 2 0 0 .4 2 0 1 .0 2 01 .4 2 01 .7 2 0 2 .1 2 0 2 .3 2 0 2 .7 203.1 2 0 3 .6 2 0 3 .9 2 0 4 .2 2 0 4 .7 108.7 114.7 115.7 1 15 .8 116 .0 114.4 114.4 114.9 115.1 115.2 116.0 116 .4 116 .5 116 .3 116 .5 1 42 .9 153.9 158.7 159.1 154 .3 152.3 153.0 155.6 156.2 154.7 155.1 157 .4 165 .0 166.1 167.2 149 .3 126.1 137.0 141.9 142 .3 137.0 134.7 135 .4 138.0 1 38 .3 136.6 1 37 .0 1 39 .3 147 .4 148 .4 115.0 1 38 .7 129 .6 129 .4 130.7 134.4 136.2 149 .6 1 54 .5 152.0 1 48 .9 1 49 .6 149 .8 150 .2 156 .8 133.4 144.1 150.1 150 .6 1 44 .6 141.9 142.5 144.7 1 44 .7 142 .9 143 .5 146.1 155.1 156.2 156 .8 124.4 121.9 121.4 1 2 1 .0 1 20 .9 120 .7 120.4 1 2 1 .0 121.4 121.4 121 .3 1 2 1 .1 1 21 .3 1 20 .7 120.4 123.1 1 2 0 .0 116.1 1 2 1 .0 1 23 .9 1 2 2 .6 118.7 115.7 118.3 122.9 123 .8 1 2 2 .8 1 19 .6 1 15 .6 1 15 .9 121.7 117 .5 1 12 .9 116 .5 1 2 0 .0 1 2 1.1 1 17 .8 115 .6 117.4 1 2 0 .0 1 2 0 .6 1 20 .3 1 17 .8 115.2 1 13 .3 114 .6 1 1 2.1 1 06 .9 114 .5 118.2 115.3 110.5 105 .5 109.8 117.4 118 .4 1 16 .7 1 1 2 .2 106.0 1 06 .9 128.6 124.1 122.9 126 .5 127 .7 125.0 121.4 1 2 0 .1 1 2 2 .2 125.2 123 .4 120 .9 1 18 .8 1 17 .0 1 17 .6 1 2 1 .2 119.1 117.2 119 .6 1 2 1 .1 120.4 117.8 115.6 116.4 1 18 .6 1 19 .6 119 .0 1 17 .0 114.4 1 16 .3 1 51 .8 1 56 .3 157.1 158.1 155 .4 1 53 .6 152.5 154.9 156 .8 1 58 .5 1 59 .9 163 .6 1 64 .0 162.2 161.4 P riv a te tra n sp o rta tio n .............................................. 149.0 1 53 .5 154.2 1 55 .3 152 .5 150.8 149.7 152.2 154.0 155.7 157.1 160 .9 161 .3 159 .3 158.6 N e w a n d u s e d m o to r v e h ic le s 2 .......................... 99.4 9 6.0 9 5.7 9 4 .4 9 3.5 93.1 9 2 .8 9 2.7 9 2.8 9 2.6 9 2.6 9 2 .5 92.1 92.1 9 2.2 T ra n s p o rta tio n ............................................................. S e e fo o tn o te s at e n d of tab le. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 103 Current Labor Statistics: Price Data 37. Continued-Consumer Price Indexes for All Urban Consumers and for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: U.S. city average, by expenditure category and commodity or service group [1982-84 = 100, unless otherwise indicated]____________ Annua average Series 2002 2003 2003 Aug. Sept. Oct. 2004 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. N e w v e h ic le s ...................................................... 141.1 139.C 137.S i3 7 .e 137.8 138.7 139.2 139.2 139.6 139.C 138.7 138.5 138.2 137.0 U s e d c a r s a n d tru c k s 1................................ 152.6 143.7 144.C 139.8 135.9 132.8 131.7 131.6 131.7 132.C 132.1 132.6 131.4 133.0 1 34 .6 M o to r f u e l......................................................... 147.8 136.9 131.8 128.1 137.1 143.6 150.9 156.5 171.1 173.6 165.6 162.4 136 .0 117.C 136.1 139.4 G a s o lin e (all ty p e s )........................................... 116.4 135.5 138.9 147.C 136.4 130.9 127.6 136.6 143.C 150.3 155.3 170.4 173.2 165.0 161.7 M o to r v e h ic le p a rts a n d e q u ip m e n t.................. 106.1 107.3 107.3 107.2 107.5 107.8 107.3 107.6 107.6 107.4 107.6 107.5 107.8 108.2 1 08 .4 M o to r v e h ic le m a in te n a n c e a n d re p a ir............ 191.7 197.3 197.3 197.9 198.6 198.9 199.8 199.9 2 0 0 .1 200.3 200.4 2 0 0 .8 2 01 .5 2 0 2 .1 2 0 2 .7 2 0 2 .6 2 06 .0 2 10 .5 2 08 .4 2 08 .7 2 05 .8 2 03 .6 2 04 .6 206 .2 2 08 .0 209.4 2 0 8 .8 2 1 0 .0 2 1 2 .1 2 0 8 .0 M e d ic a l c a r e ............................................................... 2 84 .6 2 96 .3 2 9 7 .4 2 98 .3 299.1 300.1 3 01 .4 3 02 .8 305.4 3 06 .9 307.7 3 0 8 .4 3 09 .4 3 10 .4 3 1 1 .0 M e d ic a l c a re c o m m o d itie s .................................... 251.1 2 5 7 .4 2 5 8 .6 2 59 .4 2 5 9 .2 2 58 .5 2 59 .4 259 .8 260 .9 2 61 .5 262.5 2 6 3 .3 2 6 3 .8 2 6 3 .7 2 6 3 .8 M e d ic a l c a re s e r v ic e s ........................................... P u b lic tra n sp o rta tio n ............................................ 2 92 .5 3 05 .9 3 0 7 .0 3 07 .9 309.1 3 10 .6 3 11 .9 313 .8 316 .8 3 18 .6 319.4 3 2 0 .0 3 2 1 .2 3 2 2 .4 3 2 3 .2 P ro fe s s io n a l s e r v ic e s ........................................... 2 56 .0 2 6 3 .4 2 6 3 .9 2 6 4 .4 2 6 5 .2 2 65 .2 2 6 6 .5 2 67 .8 2 70 .6 2 72 .3 273 .2 2 7 3 .5 274.1 2 7 4 .8 2 7 5 .8 H o sp ita l a n d r e la te d s e r v ic e s ............................ 3 63 .2 3 9 1 .2 3 9 4 .2 3 9 5 .8 3 9 7 .5 4 0 2 .4 4 0 3 .4 4 0 5 .9 4 08 .7 4 0 9 .9 4 09 .8 4 1 0 .7 4 1 3 .0 4 1 5 .2 4 1 4 .9 104.6 1 05 .5 1 05 .7 1 05 .5 1 05 .4 105.6 1 05 .5 105.6 106.2 106.5 106.7 106.6 1 06 .7 1 06 .3 106.1 1 0 2 .0 102 .9 102 .9 1 02 .7 1 0 2 .8 1 03 .0 1 02 .5 1 02 .7 103 .2 1 03 .5 103.9 103 .9 1 03 .7 1 0 3 .7 1 03 .4 1 09 9 R e c re a tio n 2 V id e o a n d a u d io 1,2 E d u c a tio n a n d c o m m u n ic a tio n 2 ............ E d u c a tio n 2 ............................................... 107.6 109.0 109.1 1 09 .7 109 .7 109.6 109 .7 1 09 .8 1 1 0 .0 1 09 .8 109 .6 1 09 .2 1 09 .4 109 4 125.9 1 33 .8 1 35 .5 137 .8 138.1 138 .0 138.0 139.1 139 .4 139.6 139.7 1 39 .9 1 40 .6 1 41 .0 143 .6 E d u c a tio n a l b o o k s a n d s u p p lie s ..................... 3 1 8 .5 3 3 6 .5 3 3 9 .6 3 3 9 .6 3 4 0 .6 3 3 7 .5 3 4 3 .8 346.1 3 4 9 .5 3 4 9 .9 3 5 0 .4 3 5 0 .4 3 5 1 .5 3 5 0 .4 3 5 4 .7 T u itio n , o th e r s c h o o l fe e s , a n d ch ild c a r e ..... 3 5 4 .8 3 7 7 .3 382.1 3 8 9 .2 390.1 3 90 .2 3 9 0 .7 3 9 2 .8 3 9 3 .3 3 9 3 .8 394.1 3 9 4 .6 3 9 6 .7 398.1 4 0 5 .8 9 3 .7 9 1 .2 9 0 .5 9 0 .2 8 9 .9 8 9 .8 8 9 .7 8 9.6 8 9.6 8 9 .3 8 9 .0 8 8 ..4 8 8 .4 8 8 .1 8 7 .6 9 2 .7 8 9.9 89.1 89.1 8 8 .5 8 8 .4 8 8 .3 8 8 .2 8 8 .2 8 7 .9 8 7 .5 8 7 .0 8 6 .9 8 6 .7 8 6 .2 9 9.9 9 8 .5 9 8 .0 9 7 .6 9 7 .3 9 7 .4 9 7 .4 9 7.2 9 7 .3 9 6.9 9 6.7 96.1 96.1 9 5 .8 9 5 .2 19.0 16.7 16.3 16.1 16.2 15.9 15.8 15.8 15.8 15.7 15.5 1 5.4 15.4 1 5.3 1 5.3 C o m m u n ic a tio n 1,2 In form ation a n d in fo rm a tio n p r o c e s s in g 1,2.... T e le p h o n e s e r v ic e s 1,2................................... In form ation a n d in fo rm atio n p ro c e s s in g o th e r th a n te le p h o n e s e r v ic e s 1,4 P e rs o n a l c o m p u te rs a n d p e rip h eral 2 1 .8 17.3 1 6.3 1 6.0 1 6.2 16.0 1 5.9 15.8 15.7 1 5.5 15.6 1 5.4 15.2 15.0 14.9 O th e r g o o d s a n d s e r v ic e s ......................................... e q u ip m e n t1,2....................................... 3 02 .0 3 07 .0 3 0 8 .0 3 0 7 .9 3 0 8 .2 3 07 .7 308.1 3 0 9 .3 3 1 0 .0 3 1 0 .8 3 1 1 .3 3 1 1 .5 3 1 1 .8 3 1 3 .2 3 1 3 .5 T o b a c c o a n d s m o k in g p ro d u c ts ........................... 4 6 3 .2 4 7 0 .5 4 7 3 .2 4 6 9 .9 4 7 0 .7 4 7 0 .2 4 7 1 .5 4 7 3 .8 4 7 3 .2 4 7 4 .2 474.1 4 7 4 .4 4 7 6 .9 4 8 1 .6 4 8 2 .6 P e rs o n a l c a r e 1...................................................... 174.1 177.0 177 .4 177 .9 178 .0 1 77 .7 177 .8 1 77 .4 179.1 1 79 .7 180.1 180 .2 180 .0 1 80 .3 1 80 .5 1 55 .5 1 54 .2 1 54 .3 154 .0 154.1 153 .8 1 5 4 .2 1 54 .3 155 .0 155.0 155.1 155.1 1 54 .3 1 53 .9 153.1 P e rs o n a l c a r e p ro d u c ts 1..................................... P e rs o n a l c a r e s e r v ic e s 1........................... 189.1 1 93 .9 194 .6 196.1 1 96 .3 194 .8 194 .9 195.1 195 .7 1 96 .3 196 .6 197.1 197 .5 198.1 1 99 .5 M is c e lla n e o u s p e rs o n a l s e r v ic e s ...................... 2 7 4 .0 2 8 3 .3 2 8 4 .4 2 8 5 .2 2 8 5 .6 2 8 6 .7 2 8 6 .6 2 8 8 .4 2 9 0 .2 2 9 1 .6 2 9 2 .9 293.1 2 9 3 .5 2 9 4 .7 2 9 5 .4 C o m m o d ity a n d s e r v ic e gro up : C o m m o d itie s ........................................................ 1 50 .4 151 .8 1 51 .6 1 52 .7 1 51 .9 1 51 .3 150.7 1 51 .5 1 52 .7 154.1 154 .8 1 56 .7 1 56 .6 1 55 .2 1 54 .9 F o o d a n d b e v e r a g e s .............................................. 176.1 179.9 180 .2 180 .7 1 81 .7 1 82 .4 1 83 .6 1 83 .8 1 84 .0 1 84 .4 184 .5 186 .0 186 .4 1 86 .8 186 .9 C o m m o d itie s le s s fo o d a n d b e v e r a g e s .............. 1 35 .5 135.8 1 35 .4 136 .7 135.2 1 33 .8 1 32 .5 1 33 .5 1 35 .2 137.0 1 38 .0 140 .0 139 .6 1 3 7 .5 137.1 N o n d u ra b le s le s s fo o d a n d b e v e r a g e s ............. 147 .0 152.1 1 51 .7 1 55 .9 153 .6 151 .4 149.0 151 .0 1 54 .3 158 .4 1 60 .5 1 64 .7 1 64 .4 1 60 .4 1 59 .5 A p p a r e l................................................................. 123.1 1 2 0 .0 116.1 1 2 1 .0 123 .9 1 2 2 .6 118 .7 115 .7 118 .3 122 .9 1 23 .8 1 2 2 .8 1 19 .6 1 15 .6 1 15 .9 165 .3 175.6 1 77 .4 1 81 .2 1 75 .7 172 .9 171.6 176 .5 180.2 184.1 187 .0 1 94 .5 1 96 .0 1 91 .8 190.2 1 2 1 .8 117.4 1 16 .9 1 15 .5 1 14 .7 114.2 1 14 .0 114.0 1 1 4 2.0 114 .0 1 13 .9 113 .9 1 1 3 .5 1 13 .2 113.1 2 0 5 .9 2 1 2 .6 2 1 4 .0 2 1 4 .3 2 1 4 .4 214.1 2 1 4 .2 2 1 5 .3 2 1 6 .0 2 1 6 .7 217.1 2 1 7 .6 2 1 9 .0 2 1 9 .7 2 2 0 .2 1 94 .5 199.2 2 0 0 .0 199.9 2 0 0 .6 2 0 0 .5 2 0 0 .6 2 0 1 .4 2 0 2 .0 2 0 3 .2 2 0 3 .7 2 0 3 .9 2 0 4 .4 205.1 2 0 5 .5 N o n d u ra b le s le s s fo o d , b e v e ra g e s, a n d a p p a r e l........................................................ D u ra b le s ............................................................... S e r v ic e s .............................................................. R e n t o f sh e lte r3 ........ .................. T r a n s p o r t a t io n s e r v ic e s ....................................... 2 0 7 .7 2 1 6 .2 2 1 6 .8 2 1 6 .8 2 1 9 .0 2 1 8 .8 2 18 .0 219.1 2 1 9 .7 2 2 0 .0 2 2 0 .2 2 2 0 .3 2 2 0 .7 2 2 1 .6 2 2 1 .0 O th e r s e r v ic e s ......................................................... 2 4 1 .6 2 4 8 .5 2 4 9 .3 2 5 0 .6 2 5 0 .7 2 5 0 .7 2 5 0 .9 2 5 1 .8 2 5 2 .6 2 5 2 .9 2 5 3 .0 2 5 2 .7 2 5 3 .3 2 5 3 .5 2 5 4 .4 S p e c ia l in d e x e s: A ll ite m s le s s fo o d ................................................. 1 75 .8 1 79 .7 1 80 .3 1 81 .0 180 .4 179.7 179.2 180.2 181 .4 182.6 183.2 184 .4 1 85 .0 1 84 .5 1 84 .5 A ll ite m s le s s s h e lte r............................................... 1 68 .3 171.9 1 72 .3 1 73 .3 1 72 .6 1 71 .9 171.6 1 72 .5 173 .7 1 74 .7 1 75 .3 1 76 .8 1 7 7 .5 1 76 .7 1 76 .6 A ll ite m s le s s m e d ic a l c a r e ................................... 171.1 174 .8 1 75 .2 176 .0 1 75 .6 175.0 1 74 .7 175.6 176.6 177.6 178.2 1 79 .4 1 80 .0 1 79 .6 179.6 C o m m o d itie s le s s fo o d .......................................... 1 37 .3 137.7 137 .2 138 .6 137 .0 135.8 1 34 .5 135 .5 137.1 138.9 139.9 1 41 .8 1 41 .5 1 39 .4 139 .0 N o n d u ra b le s le s s fo o d ........................................... 149 .2 154.2 151 .0 157 .9 155 .7 153 .7 151.4 153 .3 156.4 160 .4 1 62 .4 1 66 .4 1 66 .2 1 6 2 .3 1 61 .5 N o n d u ra b le s le s s fo o d a n d a p p a re l.................... 166.1 1 75 .9 1 77 .5 181.1 176.1 173.6 172.1 176.9 180.2 184 .0 186.6 1 93 .5 1 94 .8 191 .0 1 89 .6 N o n d u r a b le s ............................................................ 161.4 166.4 1 66 .4 1 68 .8 168.1 167.3 166.6 167.8 169 .5 171 .8 173.0 175 .9 1 75 .9 1 74 .0 1 73 .6 S e r v ic e s le s s re n t o f s h e lte r3 ................................ 193.1 2 0 1 .3 203.1 2 0 3 .7 2 0 3 .2 2 0 2 .7 2 0 2 .9 204.1 2 0 4 .9 2 0 4 .9 2 0 5 .2 2 0 5 .8 2 0 8 .2 2 0 8 .9 2 0 9 .3 S e r v ic e s le s s m e d ic a l c a re s e r v ic e s ................... 198.9 2 0 5 .2 2 0 6 .6 2 0 6 .8 2 0 6 .9 2 0 6 .5 2 0 6 .6 2 0 7 .6 2 0 8 .2 2 0 8 .8 2 0 9 .2 2 0 9 .7 2 1 1 .1 E n e r g y ...................................................................... 2 1 1 .8 2 1 2 .2 120.9 135.9 140 .0 1 44 .2 1 36 .3 1 32 .4 131.1 1 36 .9 140.2 143.0 146.0 1 54 .5 1 59 .9 1 56 .2 155.1 A ll ite m s le s s e n e r g y .............................................. 1 83 .6 186.1 186 .2 1 86 .4 187 .0 187.0 186 .9 187.2 187.9 1 88 .7 1 89 .0 1 89 .3 1 89 .3 1 89 .3 189.5 A ll ite m s le s s fo o d a n d e n e r g y ........................... 185.6 187.9 1 87 .9 188.1 188.6 188.4 188.0 1 88 .3 189.1 190.1 1 90 .4 190 .4 1 90 .3 1 90 .3 190 .5 C o m m o d itie s le s s fo o d a n d e n e r g y ................ 144.4 141.1 140.1 140 .2 1 40 .3 139 .7 141.1 138.2 139.0 140 .0 140.1 139 .9 139 .0 138 .0 138.0 E n e rg y c o m m o d itie s ........................................ 17.3 1 36 .8 139 .5 1 47 .2 137 .2 132.1 136 .8 138 .3 144 .7 1 51 .5 156 .7 1 70 .7 1 73 .3 1 65 .5 162 .8 S e r v ic e s le s s e n e r g y .......................................... 2 1 3 .9 2 2 0 .2 2 2 1 .0 2 2 1 .3 2 2 2 .1 1 2 2 2 .1 2 2 2 .1 2 2 3 .1 1 2 2 3 .9 2 2 4 .9 2 2 5 .3 2 2 5 .5 2 2 6 .0 2 2 6 .7 1 227.1 N o t s e a s o n a lly ad ju sted . 4 In d e xe s o n a D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 8 = 1 00 b a se . 2 In d e x e s o n a D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 7 = 1 00 b a s e . D a s h in d ic a te s d a ta not a v a ila b le . 3Indexesona D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 2 = 100 b a se . ^ 104 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 '" d e x a p p lie d to a m onth a s a w h d e , not to a n y s p e d f ic d ate. 38. Consumer Price Index: U.S. city average and available local area data: all items [1982-84 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] Pricing All Urban Consumers Urban Wage Earners sched- 2004 2004 U . S . c ity a v e r a g e ......................................................................... Apr. Mar. ule1 1 8 7 .4 M 1 8 8 .0 Apr. Mar. Aug. July June May July June May Aug. 189.1 1 8 9 .7 1 8 9 .4 1 8 9 .5 1 8 2 .9 1 8 3 .5 1 8 4 .7 1 8 5 .3 1 8 4 .9 1 8 5 .0 1 9 7 .2 R e g io n a n d a re a s iz e 2 N o r t h e a s t u r b a n ................................................................................... M 1 9 8 .6 1 9 9 .4 1 9 9 .9 2 0 1 .1 2 0 1 .0 2 0 1 .0 195.1 1 9 5 .7 1 9 6 .4 1 9 7 .5 1 9 7 .3 S i z e A — M o r e th a n 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 .................................... .............. M 2 0 0 .7 2 0 1 .4 2 0 2 .0 2 0 3 .3 2 0 3 .0 2 0 3 .1 1 9 5 .9 1 9 6 .3 197 .1 1 9 8 .3 1 9 8 .0 198 .1 M 1 1 7 .4 1 18 .1 1 1 8 .3 1 1 8 .7 1 1 9 .2 1 1 8 .9 1 1 7 .5 118 .1 1 1 8 .4 1 1 8 .8 119 .1 1 1 8 .7 1 7 8 .2 S i z e B / C — 5 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 .............................................. M id w e s t u r b a n 4 .................................................................................... S i z e A — M o r e th a n 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ................................................... S i z e B / C — 5 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 .5 0 0 .0 0 0 3 .............................................. M 1 8 1 .0 1 8 1 .5 1 8 2 .9 1 8 3 .3 1 8 3 .2 1 8 3 .3 1 7 5 .8 1 7 6 .3 1 7 7 .8 1 7 8 .2 178 M 183.1 1 8 3 .7 1 8 5 .0 1 8 5 .3 1 8 5 .4 1 8 5 .6 1 7 7 .2 1 7 7 .9 1 7 9 .4 1 7 9 .4 1 7 9 .5 1 7 9 .8 M 1 1 5 .2 1 1 5 .6 1 1 6 .4 1 1 6 .8 1 1 6 .3 1 1 6 .5 1 1 4 .2 1 1 4 .6 1 1 5 .5 1 1 6 .0 1 1 5 .5 1 1 5 .7 S i z e D — N o n m e t r o p o lit a n ( le s s th a n 5 0 ,0 0 0 ) ....................... M 174.1 1 7 3 .9 1 7 6 .0 1 7 6 .9 177.1 1 7 6 .3 1 7 1 .4 1 7 1 .2 1 7 3 .2 174 .1 1 7 3 .7 1 7 3 .4 S o u t h u r b a n ......................................................................................... M 1 80 .1 1 8 0 .9 1 8 2 .0 1 8 2 .9 1 8 2 .6 1 8 2 .6 180.1 1 8 0 .9 1 7 8 .9 1 7 9 .7 1 7 9 .3 1 7 9 .4 S i z e A — M o r e th a n 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ................................................... M 1 8 1 .8 1 8 2 .5 1 8 3 .4 1 8 4 .3 1 8 3 .7 1 8 3 .7 1 7 8 .9 1 7 9 .7 1 8 0 .8 1 8 1 .9 1 8 1 .2 1 8 1 .2 M 1 1 4 .9 1 1 5 .6 1 1 6 .4 1 1 7 .0 1 1 6 .9 1 1 6 .9 1 1 3 .4 1 1 4 .0 1 1 4 .8 1 1 5 .3 1 1 5 .2 1 1 5 .3 S i z e D — N o n m e t r o p o lit a n ( le s s th a n 5 0 , 0 0 0 ) ....................... M 1 7 7 .7 1 7 8 .7 1 7 9 .4 1 8 0 .5 180.1 1 8 0 .0 1 7 6 .9 1 7 7 .8 179 180 1 7 9 .4 1 /9 .Ò W e s t u r b a n ........................................................................................... M 1 9 2 .2 1 9 2 .3 1 9 3 .4 1 9 3 .3 1 9 2 .9 1 9 3 .0 187 .1 1 8 7 .3 1 8 8 .6 1 8 8 .6 1 8 8 .0 1 8 8 .0 S i z e A — M o r e th a n 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ................................................... M 1 9 4 .5 1 9 4 .6 1 9 5 .9 1 9 5 .9 1 9 5 .4 1 9 5 .5 1 8 7 .9 1 8 8 .2 1 8 9 .6 1 8 9 .7 1 8 8 .9 1 8 8 .9 M 1 1 7 .9 1 1 7 .8 1 1 8 .2 1 1 7 .9 1 1 7 .9 118.1 1 1 7 .2 1 1 7 .2 1 1 7 .8 1 1 7 .6 1 1 7 .4 1 1 7 .6 1 7 1 .4 S i z e B / C — 5 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 .............................................. S i z e B / C — 5 0 ,0 0 0 to 1,5 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 .............................................. S i z e c la s s e s : .5 A ......................................................................................................... B / C .................................................................................................... D ............................................................................................... M 1 7 1 .5 1 7 2 .0 1 7 2 .9 1 7 3 .4 1 73 .1 1 7 3 .2 1 6 9 .6 1 7 0 .0 1 7 1 .2 1 7 1 .7 1 7 1 .3 M 1 1 5 .9 1 1 6 .3 1 1 7 .0 1 1 7 .3 1 1 7 .3 1 1 7 .3 1 1 4 .9 1 1 5 .3 1 1 6 .0 1 1 6 .4 1 1 6 .2 1 1 6 .2 M 1 7 8 .9 1 7 9 .3 1 8 0 .9 1 8 1 .8 1 8 1 .3 1 8 1 .0 1 7 6 .7 1 7 7 .2 1 7 8 .8 1 7 9 .7 1 7 9 .0 1 7 8 .8 S e le c t e d lo c a l a r e a s 6 C h i c a g o - G a r y - K e n o s h a , IL—IN —W l ............................................ M 1 8 6 .3 1 8 7 .2 1 8 8 .7 189.1 1 8 9 .2 1 9 0 .2 1 7 9 .7 1 8 0 .6 1 8 2 .2 1 8 2 .5 1 8 2 .4 1 8 3 .2 L o s A n g e le s - R i v e r s i d e - O r a n g e C o u n t y , C A ........................... M 1 9 1 .5 1 9 1 .9 1 9 3 .3 1 9 3 .7 1 9 3 .4 193.1 1 8 4 .9 1 8 5 .2 1 8 6 .8 1 8 7 .4 1 8 6 .8 1 8 6 .5 N e w Y o r k , N Y - N o r t h e r n N J - L o n g Is la n d , N Y - N J - C T - P A . M 2 0 3 .4 2 0 4 .0 2 0 4 .4 2 0 6 .0 2 0 5 .5 2 0 5 .7 1 9 8 .2 1 9 8 .5 199 .1 2 0 0 .4 2 0 0 .1 2 0 0 .3 - 1 8 1 .3 - 2 0 8 .9 - 2 0 7 .4 - 2 0 7 .9 - 2 0 7 .9 - B o s t o n - B r o c k t o n - N a s h u a , M A - N H - M E - C T .......................... 1 2 0 8 .7 C le v e la n d - A k r o n , O H ....................................................................... 1 1 8 0 .0 - 179.1 - 1 8 1 .7 - 1 7 1 .0 - 1 7 2 .6 - 1 7 2 .8 “ D a lla s F t W o r th , T X .......................................................................... 1 1 7 7 .7 - 1 1 8 .9 - 179 .1 - 1 7 7 .6 - 1 7 9 .5 - 1 7 9 .4 “ 1 118 .1 - 1 1 8 .9 - 1 2 0 .2 - 1 1 7 .6 - 1 1 8 .4 - 1 1 9 .7 W a s h in q t o n - B a lt im o r e , D C - M D - V A - W V 7 ............................... A tla n ta , G A ........................................................................................... 2 - 1 8 2 .3 - 1 8 5 .7 - 184.1 - 1 8 0 .0 - 1 8 4 .0 1 8 4 .7 _ 1 8 5 .8 - 1 8 6 .8 - 1 7 9 .3 - 1 8 0 .4 1 8 1 .5 1 6 9 .7 - 1 6 9 .3 - 169 .1 - 1 6 6 .8 - 1 6 7 .6 1 6 7 .4 H o u s t o n - G a lv e s t o n - B r a z o r ia , T X ............................................... 2 _ 2 - ” 1 8 2 .5 M ia m i- F t . L a u d e r d a le , F L ..................... ......................................... 2 1 8 5 .2 - 1 8 5 .6 - 185 .1 1 8 2 .6 1 8 3 .4 1 8 2 .9 P h ila d e lp h ia - W ilm in g t o n - A t la n t ic C ity , P A - N J - D E - M D . . . . 2 1 9 4 .8 - 1 9 8 .0 - 199.1 1 9 4 .0 1 9 7 .3 1 9 8 .0 S a n F r a n c is c o - O a k l a n d - S a n J o s e , C A ..................................... 2 1 9 9 .0 - 1 9 8 .7 1 9 4 .7 1 9 5 .4 1 9 5 .0 S e a t t le - T a c o m a - B r e m e r t o n , W A ................................................ 2 1 9 4 .6 189 .1 1 9 0 .4 1 8 9 .6 ’ 1 9 8 .3 I F o o d s , f u e ls , a n d s e v e r a l o t h e r ite m s p r ic e d e v e r y m o n th in a ll a r e a s ; m o s t o t h e r 1 9 5 .3 I R e p o rt: A n c h o r a g e , A K ; C in c in n a tt i, O H - K Y - I N ; K a n s a s C ity , M O - K S ; M ilw a u k e e - R a c in e , W l; g o o d s a n d s e r v ic e s p r ic e d a s in d ic a te d : I 1 9 4 .3 M in n e a p o lis - S t . P a u l, M N - W I ; P itt s b u r g h , P A ; P o r t - la n d - S a le m , O R - W A ; S t L o u is , M — E v e r y m o n th . M O - I L ; S a n D ie g o , C A ; T a m p a - S t . P e t e r s b u r g - C le a r w a t e r , F L . 1— J a n u a r y , M a r c h , M a y , J u ly , S e p t e m b e r , a n d N o v e m b e r . 7 In d e xe s o n a N o v e m b e r 1 9 9 6 = 100 b a se . 2 — F e b r u a r y , A p r il, J u n e , A u g u s t , O c t o b e r , a n d D e c e m b e r . NOTE: 2 R e g io n s d e f in e d a s th e f o u r C e n s u s r e g io n s . 4 T h e " N o r t h C e n t r a l" r e g io n C e n s u s B u re a u . has been L o c a l a r e a C P I in d e x e s a r e b y p r o d u c t s o f th e n a t io n a l C P I p r o g r a m . E a c h lo c a l in d e x h a s a s m a lle r s a m p le s iz e a n d is , th e r e fo r e , s u b je c t to s u b s t a n t ia lly m o r e s a m p lin g 3 In d e xe s o n a D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 6 = 100 b a se . r e n a m e d th e " M id w e s t" r e g io n b y th e a n d o t h e r m e a s u r e m e n t e rro r. A s a re s u lt, lo c a l a r e a in d e x e s s h o w g r e a t e r v o la t ilit y th a n th e n a tio n a l in d e x , a lt h o u g h th e ir lo n g - te r m tr e n d s a r e s im ila r . It is c o m p o s e d o f th e s a m e g e o g r a p h ic e n titie s . T h e r e f o r e , th e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s s tr o n g ly u r g e s u s e r s to c o n s id e r a d o p t in g th e n a t io n a l a v e r a g e C P I f o r u s e 5 In d e xe s o n a D e c e m b e r 1 98 6 = 100 b a se . in th e ir e s c a la t o r c la u s e s . In d e x a p p lie s to a m o n th a s a w h o le , n o t to a n y s p e c if ic d a te . 6 In a d d itio n , th e fo llo w in g m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s a r e p u b lis h e d s e m ia n n u a lly a n d a p p e a r in t a b le s 3 4 a n d 3 9 o f th e J a n u a r y a n d J u ly is s u e s o f th e https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis cpi D e t a ile d D a s h in d ic a t e s d a ta n o t a v a ila b le . Monthly Labor Review October 2004 105 Current Labor Statistics: 39. Price Data Annual data: Consumer Price Index, U.S. city average, all items and major groups [1982-84 = 100] ____________ Series 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 C o n s u m e r P r ic e I n d e x f o r A ll U r b a n C o n s u m e r s : A ll ite m s : I n d e x .............................................. 1 4 4 .5 P e r c e n t c h a n g e ......................................... 3 .0 1 6 0 .5 1 6 3 .0 1 6 6 .6 1 7 2 .2 1 77 .1 1 7 9 .9 1 8 4 .0 1 .6 2 .2 3 .4 2 .8 1 .6 2 .3 161 .1 1 6 4 .6 1 6 8 .4 1 7 3 .6 1 7 6 .8 1 8 0 .5 2 .2 2 .2 2 .3 3.1 1 .8 2 .1 1 5 6 .8 1 6 0 .4 1 6 3 .9 1 6 9 .6 1 7 6 .4 1 8 0 .3 1 8 4 .8 2 .6 2 .3 2 .2 3 .5 4 .0 2 .2 2 .5 1 3 3 .0 1 3 1 .3 1 2 9 .6 1 2 7 .3 1 2 4 .0 1 2 0 .9 .9 .1 -1 .3 -1 .3 - 1 .8 - 2 .6 - 2 .5 1 4 4 .3 1 4 1 .6 1 4 4 .4 1 5 3 .3 1 5 4 .3 1 5 2 .9 1 5 7 .6 0 .9 -1 .9 2 .0 6 .2 0 .7 -.9 3.1 2 3 4 .6 2 4 2 .1 2 5 0 .6 2 6 0 .8 2 7 2 .8 2 8 5 .6 2 9 7 .1 2 .8 3 .2 3 .5 4.1 4 .6 4 .7 4 .0 2 3 7 .7 2 5 8 .3 2 7 1 .1 2 8 2 .6 2 9 3 .2 2 9 8 .7 5 .7 8 .7 5 .0 4 .2 3 .8 1 .9 1 5 9 .7 1 6 3 .2 1 6 8 .9 1 7 3 .5 1 7 5 .9 1 7 9 .8 1 .3 2 .2 3 .5 2 .7 1 .4 2 .2 2 .6 F o o d a n d b e v e ra g e s: I n d e x ...................................................... 1 4 1 .6 P e r c e n t c h a n g e .......................................... 2 .1 1OO. / 2 .3 H o u s in g : I n d e x .................................................. 1 4 1 .2 P e r c e n t c h a n g e ................................... 2 .7 2 .5 1 3 3 .7 1 3 3 .4 1 .4 - .2 A p p a r e l: I n d e x ...................................................... P e r c e n t c h a n g e ............................................. _ T r a n s p o r ta tio n : I n d e x .............................................. 1 3 0 .4 P e r c e n t c h a n g e ......................................... 3.1 3 .0 M e d ic a l c a r e : I n d e x ................................................... 2 0 1 .4 P e r c e n t c h a n g e .......................................... 5 .9 4 .8 O .ö O t h e r g o o d s a n d s e r v ic e s : I n d e x ................................................... 1 9 2 .9 P e r c e n t c h a n g e ............................................. 5 .2 2 .9 1 42 .1 1 4 5 .6 2 .8 2 .5 4 .2 C o n s u m e r P r ic e I n d e x f o r U r b a n W a g e E a r n e r s a n d C le r ic a l W o r k e r s : A ll ite m s : I n d e x ............................................................ P e r c e n t c h a n g e ............................................. 106 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 ^r—» 2 .9 2 .9 2 .3 40. Producer Price Indexes, by stage of processing [1982 = 100] 2002 2003 2004 2003 Annual average Grouping Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Feb. Jan. Mar. Apr. Mayp Junep Julyp Aug.p F in is h e d g o o d s ................................................. 1 3 8 .9 1 4 3 .3 1 4 3 .7 1 44 .0 1 4 5 .5 1 4 4 .5 1 4 4 .5 1 4 5 .4 1 4 5 .3 1 4 6 .3 1 4 7 .3 149.1 1 4 8 .7 1 4 8 .7 1 4 8 .6 F in is h e d c o n s u m e r g o o d s ............................ 1 3 9 .4 1 4 5 .3 1 4 5 .9 1 4 6 .4 1 4 7 .7 1 4 6 .5 1 4 6 .7 1 4 7 .8 1 4 7 .8 1 4 9 .0 1 5 0 .4 1 5 2 .6 1 5 2 .0 1 5 2 .0 1 5 1 .9 1 4 8 .0 1 5 1 .0 150.1 1 5 0 .3 148.1 1 4 8 .4 1 5 0 .7 1 5 2 .7 1 5 5 .3 1 5 4 .5 152.1 1 5 2 .2 F in is h e d c o n s u m e r f o o d s ........................... 140.1 1 4 5 .9 1 4 6 .3 F in s h e d c o n s u m e r g o o d s e x c lu d in g f o o d s .......................................... 1 3 8 .8 1 4 4 .7 1 4 5 .4 1 4 5 .5 1 4 6 .2 1 4 4 .8 1 4 5 .0 1 4 7 .4 1 4 7 .3 1 4 8 .0 149.1 151.1 1 5 0 .7 1 5 1 .7 1 5 1 .4 N o n d u r a b le g o o d s le s s f o o d ................... 1 3 9 .8 1 4 8 .4 1 5 0 .0 1 5 0 .4 1 4 9 .4 1 4 7 .6 1 4 8 .2 1 5 1 .7 1 5 1 .6 1 5 2 .4 1 5 4 .3 1 5 7 .0 1 5 6 .3 1 5 7 .9 1 5 8 .0 D u r a b le g o o d s ............................................. 1 3 3 .0 133.1 1 3 1 .8 131.1 1 3 5 .6 1 3 5 .0 1 3 4 .3 1 3 4 .3 1 3 4 .2 1 3 4 .7 1 3 4 .4 1 3 4 .8 1 3 5 .0 1 3 4 .6 1 3 3 .7 C a p ita l e q u ip m e n t........................................ 139.1 1 3 9 .5 1 3 9 .2 1 3 8 .9 1 4 0 .8 1 4 0 .5 1 4 0 .2 1 4 0 .5 1 4 0 .2 1 4 0 .5 1 4 0 .6 141.1 1 4 1 .3 1 4 1 .2 141.1 1 2 7 .8 1 3 3 .7 134.1 134.1 134.1 134.1 1 3 4 .5 1 3 6 .2 1 3 7 .3 1 3 8 .3 1 4 0 .2 1 4 1 .9 1 4 2 .7 1 4 3 .8 1 4 4 .9 1 3 9 .6 In term ediate m a teria ls, s u p p lie s , a n d c o m p o n e n t s ........................ M a te r ia ls a n d c o m p o n e n t s fo r m a n u fa c t u r in g ........................................... 126.1 1 2 9 .7 1 2 9 .8 1 2 9 .8 1 3 0 .5 1 3 0 .7 1 3 0 .9 1 3 1 .9 1 3 3 .2 1 3 4 .3 1 3 6 .2 1 3 7 .3 1 3 8 .0 1 3 8 .6 M a te r ia ls fo r f o o d m a n u fa c tu r in g ................ 1 2 3 .2 1 3 4 .4 1 3 5 .5 1 3 7 .4 1 4 1 .8 1 4 1 .6 1 4 0 .7 1 3 8 .4 1 3 9 .3 1 4 1 .7 1 4 6 .6 1 5 1 .6 1 5 1 .9 1 4 7 .9 1 4 5 .4 M a te r ia ls fo r n o n d u r a b le m a n u fa c tu rin g ... 1 2 9 .2 1 3 7 .2 1 3 7 .5 1 3 6 .4 1 3 7 .5 1 3 7 .2 1 3 7 .9 1 4 0 .2 1 4 1 .0 1 4 1 .4 1 4 3 .5 1 4 4 .5 1 4 5 .7 147.1 1 4 9 .5 M a te r ia ls fo r d u r a b le m a n u fa c t u r in g ......... 1 2 4 .7 1 2 7 .9 1 2 7 .5 1 2 8 .6 1 2 9 .5 1 3 0 .5 1 31 .2 1 3 2 .9 1 3 7 .3 1 4 0 .7 1 4 4 .3 1 4 6 .2 1 4 7 .9 1 4 9 .4 1 5 1 .0 C o m p o n e n t s fo r m a n u fa c tu r in g .................. 126.1 1 2 5 .9 1 2 5 .8 1 2 5 .8 1 2 5 .8 1 2 5 .8 1 2 5 .8 1 2 5 .9 1 2 6 .2 1 2 6 .5 127.1 1 2 7 .4 1 2 7 .6 1 2 7 .8 128.1 M a te r ia ls a n d c o m p o n e n t s fo r c o n s tr u c t io n ............................................... 1 5 1 .3 1 5 3 .6 1 5 3 .7 1 5 5 .0 1 5 5 .2 1 5 5 .6 1 5 5 .6 1 5 6 .2 1 5 9 .0 1 6 1 .9 1 6 4 .7 1 6 6 .2 1 6 7 .3 1 6 7 .8 1 7 0 .0 P r o c e s s e d f u e ls a n d lu b r ic a n t s .................... 9 6 .3 1 1 2 .6 1 1 4 .5 1 1 3 .7 1 1 1 .5 1 1 0 .3 1 1 1 .7 1 1 6 .8 1 1 6 .8 1 1 6 .5 1 1 8 .4 1 2 2 .1 1 2 3 .7 1 2 6 .5 1 2 8 .5 152.1 1 5 3 .7 1 5 3 .6 1 5 3 .5 1 5 3 .2 1 5 3 .4 1 5 3 .5 1 5 3 .9 1 5 3 .7 154.1 1 5 4 .9 1 5 6 .8 1 5 8 .0 1 5 9 .5 1 6 1 .4 1 3 8 .9 1 4 1 .5 1 4 1 .2 1 4 1 .7 1 4 1 .9 1 4 2 .6 1 4 2 .8 1 4 3 .2 1 4 3 .8 1 4 4 .8 1 4 6 .4 1 4 7 .2 1 4 7 .3 148.1 1 4 7 .5 C o n t a in e r s ........................................................... C ru d e m a te ria ls fo r fu rth e r p r o c e s s in g ..................................................... 108.1 1 3 5 .3 1 3 1 .3 1 3 4 .7 1 3 8 .3 1 3 7 .0 141.1 1 4 7 .8 150.1 1 5 2 .9 1 5 5 .7 1 5 9 .6 1 6 2 .3 1 6 2 .0 1 6 0 .7 F o o d s tu f f s a n d f e e d s tu f f s ............................... 9 9 .5 1 1 3 .5 1 1 1 .5 1 1 9 .0 128.1 1 2 5 .7 1 2 4 .7 117.1 1 2 2 .2 1 3 1 .7 1 3 5 .4 142.1 1 3 7 .4 1 3 1 .0 1 2 4 .7 C r u d e n o n fo o d m a t e r ia ls ................................ 1 1 1 .4 1 4 8 .2 1 4 2 .7 1 4 2 .8 141.1 1 4 1 .4 1 4 9 .5 1 6 7 .3 1 6 7 .3 1 6 4 .8 1 6 6 .6 1 6 8 .3 1 7 6 .6 1 8 1 .3 1 8 3 .9 1 4 7 .4 S p e c ia l g ro u p in g s : F in is h e d g o o d s , e x c lu d in g f o o d s ................. 1 3 8 .3 1 4 2 .4 1 4 2 .7 1 4 2 .7 1 4 3 .8 1 4 2 .8 1 4 2 .8 1 4 4 .5 1 4 4 .3 1 4 4 .9 1 4 5 .7 1 4 7 .2 1 4 7 .0 1 4 7 .6 F in is h e d e n e r g y g o o d s ................................... 8 8 .8 1 0 2 .0 1 0 4 .7 1 0 5 .2 1 0 3 .2 1 0 0 .4 1 0 1 .0 1 0 6 .0 1 0 5 .7 1 0 7 .0 1 0 9 .5 1 1 3 .7 1 1 2 .8 115.1 115.1 1 4 7 .3 1 4 9 .0 1 4 8 .7 1 49 .0 1 5 1 .4 1 5 1 .0 1 5 0 .9 1 5 0 .6 1 5 0 .5 1 5 1 .3 1 5 1 .9 1 5 2 .9 1 5 2 .7 152.1 1 5 1 .9 F in is h e d c o n s u m e r g o o d s le s s e n e r g y ...... 1 5 0 .8 153.1 1 5 2 .8 1 5 3 .3 156.1 1 5 5 .5 1 5 5 .5 1 5 4 .9 1 5 5 .0 156.1 1 5 6 .9 158.1 1 5 7 .8 1 5 6 .8 1 5 6 .6 F in is h e d g o o d s le s s fo o d a n d e n e r g y ......... 1 5 0 .2 1 5 0 .5 1 4 9 .9 1 4 9 .7 1 5 2 .0 1 5 1 .7 1 5 1 .4 1 5 1 .8 1 5 1 .7 1 5 2 .0 152.1 1 5 2 .5 1 5 2 .5 1 5 2 .4 1 5 2 .2 F in is h e d c o n s u m e r g o o d s le s s fo o d a n d e n e r g y ....................................................... 1 5 7 .6 1 5 7 .9 1 5 7 .2 1 57 .0 1 5 9 .5 1 5 9 .2 1 59 .0 1 5 9 .4 1 5 9 .4 1 5 9 .7 1 5 9 .8 160.1 160.1 1 6 0 .0 1Ö 9.7 C o n s u m e r n o n d u r a b le g o o d s le s s fo o d a n d e n e r g y ..................................................... 1 7 7 .5 1 7 7 .9 1 7 8 .0 1 7 7 .8 1 7 8 .6 1 7 8 .5 1 7 8 .9 1 7 9 .7 1 7 9 .8 1 7 9 .8 1 8 0 .5 1 8 0 .6 1 8 0 .3 1 8 0 .5 1 8 0 .8 In te rm e d ia te m a te r ia ls le s s f o o d s I n te rm e d ia te m a t e r ia ls le s s fo o d s a n d e n e r g y ...................................................... C r u d e n o n fo o d m a te r ia ls le s s e n e r g y ....... https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 1 2 8 .5 1 3 4 .2 1 3 4 .6 1 3 4 .5 1 3 4 .4 1 3 4 .2 1 3 4 .7 1 3 6 .5 1 3 7 .6 1 3 8 .4 1 4 0 .2 1 4 1 .7 1 4 2 .8 1 4 4 .0 1 4 5 .4 1 1 5 .5 1 2 5 .9 1 2 5 .0 1 2 8 .4 1 3 1 .9 1 3 4 .8 134.1 1 3 2 .2 1 3 3 .7 1 3 7 .0 1 4 3 .2 1 4 7 .6 1 4 4 .6 1 4 3 .2 1 3 6 .0 1 2 2 .7 1 2 5 .4 127.1 9 5 .9 1 1 1 .9 1 1 4 .3 1 1 2 .8 1 1 0 .7 1 0 9 .5 1 1 0 .9 1 1 5 .8 1 1 5 .8 1 1 5 .6 1 1 7 .3 1 2 1 .1 1 3 4 .5 1 3 7 .7 1 3 7 .5 1 3 8 .0 1 3 8 .5 1 3 8 .8 1 3 9 .0 1 3 9 .8 141.1 1 4 2 .4 1 4 4 .4 1 4 5 .5 146.1 1 4 6 .8 1 4 7 .7 1 3 5 .8 1 3 8 .5 1 3 8 .4 1 3 8 .7 1 3 9 .0 1 3 9 .2 1 3 9 .5 1 4 0 .4 1 4 1 .7 1 4 2 .9 1 4 4 .6 1 4 5 .5 1 4 6 .4 147.1 1 4 8 .5 1 0 2 .0 1 4 7 .2 1 3 9 .7 1 3 8 .2 1 3 4 .3 1 3 2 .5 1 4 1 .8 1 6 3 .5 1 5 8 .9 1 5 3 .0 1 5 8 .8 1 6 5 .3 1 7 8 .0 1 7 8 .3 178.1 1 0 8 .7 1 2 3 .4 1 2 1 .7 1 2 8 .2 1 3 5 .9 1 3 5 .5 1 36 .2 1 3 3 .2 1 3 9 .8 1 4 8 .0 1 4 8 .7 1 5 1 .0 147.1 1 4 6 .5 1 4 4 .5 1 3 5 .7 1 5 2 .5 1 5 1 .8 1 5 5 .5 I 1 5 9 .5 1 6 4 .8 170.1 1 7 9 .3 1 8 9 .9 1 9 5 .2 1 8 7 .6 1 7 8 .3 1 7 6 .7 1 9 1 .6 2 0 0 .9 Monthly Labor Review October 2004 107 Current Labor Statistics: 41. Price Data Producer Price Indexes for the net output of major industry groups [December 2003 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] NAICS 2003 Industry Dec. - T o t a l m in in g in d u s t r ie s (D e c e m b e r 1984=100).. 2004 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Mayp Junep Julyp Aug.p 129 0 1 4 4 .6 1 4 0 .3 1 4 0 .9 1 4 5 .0 1 5 3 .8 1 5 5 .2 1 5 7 .2 155 1 1 81 .1 1 7 2 .5 1 7 1 .7 180 .1 1 9 5 .3 1 9 6 .9 1 9 8 .7 211 O il a n d g a s e x t r a c t io n ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 5 = 1 0 0 ) ............ 212 M in in g , e x c e p t o il a n d g a s ...................... 1 0 0 .0 213 M in in g s u p p o r t a c t iv it ie s ............................... 1 0 8 .5 1 0 7 .5 1 0 7 .8 1 0 8 .5 1 1 0 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .0 1 0 0 .5 1 0 2 .2 1 0 3 .5 1 0 5 .5 1 4 3 .7 3 11 T o t a l m a n u fa c t u rin a in d u s t r ie s ( D e c e m b e r 1984=1001. F o o d m a n u f a c t u r in g ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 4 = 1 0 0 ) ...... 312 B e v e r a g e a n d t o b a c c o m a n u f a c t u r in g ................ 313 T e x t ile m ills ........................................ 1 3 7 .7 141 1 1 3 8 .9 1 3 9 .3 1 4 0 .3 1 4 1 .8 1 4 3 .4 1 4 3 .0 1 4 3 .4 1 3 9 .3 1 4 0 .4 11° ^ 1 146 .1 1 4 8 .9 1 4 8 .3 1 4 6 .7 1 4 4 .4 1 0 1 .4 1 0 1 .2 1 0 1 .5 1 0 1 .2 1 0 1 .3 1 0 0 .9 1 0 1 .4 1 0 0 .7 1 0 0 .8 1 0 1 .4 1 0 1 .6 1 0 1 .6 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .8 9 9 .6 9 9 .6 1 4 3 .5 1 4 3 .6 1 1 0 .2 143 .1 1 0 8 .4 1 4 3 .6 1 0 6 .7 1 4 3 .7 1 0 9 .9 315 A p p a r e l m a n u f a c t u r in g ..................................... 316 3 21 L e a t h e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c t m a n u f a c t u r in g ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 4 = 1 0 0 ) W o o d p r o d u c t s m a n u f a c t u r in g ................ 322 P a p e r m a n u f a c t u r in g ......................................... 1 0 0 .0 323 P r in tin g a n d r e la te d s u p p o r t a c t iv it ie s .........'.. m n n 1 0 0 .2 324 P e t r o le u m a n d c o a l p r o d u c ts m a n u f a c t u r in g ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 4 = 1 0 0 ) ... 1 1 7 .5 1 3 1 .5 325 C h e m ic a l m a n u f a c t u r in g ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 4 = 1 0 0 ) 1 6 5 .3 1 6 7 .0 326 1 6 7 .9 P la s t ic s a n d r u b b e r p r o d u c t s m a n u f a c t u r in g ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 4 = 1 0 0 ) ... 1 2 8 .8 1 2 8 .9 1 2 9 .4 1 4 3 .4 1 0 0 .0 1 4 3 .3 9 9 .3 1 4 3 .6 1 3 0 .7 1 4 3 .8 1 0 5 .9 1 3 4 .3 1 2 9 .6 3 31 P r im a r y m e ta l m a n u f a c t u r in g ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 4 = 1 0 0 ) 1 2 1 .4 1 2 4 .0 1 2 8 .5 332 F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c t m a n u f a c t u r in g ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 4 - 1 0 0 ) . . 1 3 3 .7 1 3 4 .6 1 3 5 .7 1 3 7 .5 9 9 .8 9 9 .5 9 9 .3 1 0 1 .8 333 M a c h in e r y m a n u f a c t u r in g .............................. 1 0 0 .0 334 C o m p u t e r a n d e le c t r o n ic p r o d u c ts m a n u f a c t u r in a ......... 1 0 0 .0 335 E le c t r ic a l e q u ip m e n t , a p p lia n c e , a n d c o m p o n e n t s m a n u f a c t u r in g ...... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .2 1 0 0 .7 336 T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t m a n u f a c t u r in g ............. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .2 337 1 0 0 .1 F u r n itu r e a n d r e la te d p r o d u c t m a n u f a c t u r in g ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 4 = 1 0 0 ) .... 1 4 7 .6 1 4 7 .4 1 4 8 .7 339 M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r in g ............... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .5 1 4 9 .0 1 4 1 .9 1 3 0 .0 1 0 0 .9 1 0 2 .1 1 0 3 .4 1 0 4 .2 1 0 0 .9 1 0 1 .0 1 0 1 .3 1 0 1 .5 1 5 2 .3 1 4 3 .9 1 5 2 .0 1 5 5 .6 1 70 .1 1 7 1 .7 1 7 2 .0 1 7 3 .2 1 3 0 .6 1 31 .1 1 3 1 .4 1 3 1 .8 1 4 1 .3 145 .1 1 4 7 .6 1 49 .1 1 3 9 .4 1 4 0 .7 1 4 2 .0 1 4 2 .6 1 4 3 .7 1 0 1 .3 1 0 1 .6 1 0 1 .7 1 0 2 .1 1 0 2 .2 1 0 2 .7 1 4 9 .7 9 9 .9 9 9 .3 9 9 .0 9 8 .9 1 0 3 .5 1 0 3 .6 1 0 3 .7 1 0 3 .8 1 0 0 .4 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .4 9 9 .9 1 5 0 .9 1 5 2 .9 1 52 .1 1 5 2 .7 1 0 0 .9 1 0 1 .0 1 0 1 .3 1 0 1 .0 1 0 3 .3 1 0 4 .3 1 0 4 .0 1 0 3 .4 1 0 1 .1 1 0 2 .8 1 0 2 .5 1 0 3 .0 9 5 .8 9 8 .9 9 9 .9 9 8 .8 9 8 .3 9 7 .5 9 9 .5 1 0 1 .5 R e ta il tra d e 4 41 M o t o r v e h ic le a n d p a r ts d e a le r s ............ 442 F u r n itu r e a n d h o m e f u r n is h in g s s t o r e s ......... 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .5 1 0 0 .8 443 E le c t r o n ic s a n d a p p lia n c e s t o r e s ................... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .4 9 9 .7 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .6 4 7 .9 4 5 .5 1 0 0 .0 446 H e a lth a n d p e r s o n a l c a r e s t o r e s ..................... 447 G a s o lin e s ta t io n s ( J u n e 2 0 0 1 = 1 0 0 ) .......... 454 N o n s t o r e r e t a ile r s ...................................... 1 0 1 .6 1 0 2 .0 1 0 0 .0 5 0 .3 5 9 .0 4 6 .0 4 7 .0 1 0 6 .3 1 0 6 .8 1 06 .1 1 0 3 .6 1 65 .1 T r a n s p o r t a t io n a n d w a r e h o u s e d 481 483 491 A ir tr a n s p o r ta tio n ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 2 = 1 0 0 ) ........ W a t e r tr a n s p o r t a t io n ........................................ P o s t a l s e r v ic e ( J u n e 1 9 8 9 = 1 0 0 ) ........................ 1 6 2 .7 1 6 3 .3 1 6 3 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 5 5 .0 1 5 5 .0 1 J o .O 1 6 2 .2 1 63 .1 1 6 3 .4 1 0 0 .3 1 0 0 .3 1 0 0 .4 1 0 0 .5 1 5 5 .0 1 5 5 .0 1 5 5 .0 1 5 5 .0 1 0 6 .7 1 07 .1 1 0 7 .5 U tilitie s U tilit ie s ............................................ 221 1 0 3 .3 H e a lth c a re a n d s o c ia l a s s is t a n c e 6211 O f f ic e o f p h y s ic ia n s ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 6 = 1 0 0 ) ............... 1 1 2 .8 114 .1 6215 M e d ic a l a n d d ia g n o s t ic la b o r a t o r ie s ............. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .3 6216 H o m e h e a lth c a r e s e r v ic e s ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 6 = 1 0 0 ) ........ 1 1 9 .0 1 1 9 .5 H o s p it a ls ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 2 = 1 0 0 ) ........................ 1 3 7 .6 1 3 9 .5 622 6231 62321 1 1 4 .3 1 1 9 .6 1 1 4 .4 1 1 9 .6 1 1 4 .2 1 1 4 .4 1 1 4 .5 1 1 4 .5 9 9 .8 1 0 0 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 1 9 .7 1 1 9 .7 1 1 9 .9 1 1 9 .8 1 4 0 .7 1 4 0 .8 1 4 2 .3 1 42 .1 N u r s in g c a r e f a c ilit ie s .............................. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .2 1 0 1 .6 R e s id e n t ia l m e n ta l r e ta r d a t io n f a c ilit ie s ...................... 1 0 1 .3 1 0 2 .1 1 0 2 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .1 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .6 9 9 .9 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .6 1 0 1 .3 1 0 1 .4 1 0 1 .3 1 0 1 .8 1 0 1 .2 1 0 2 .4 1 0 3 .6 1 0 0 .3 1 0 0 .1 1 0 0 .0 O t h e r s e r v ic e s in d u s t r ie s 5 11 P u b lis h in g in d u s t r ie s , e x c e p t In te rn e t 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .9 515 B r o a d c a s t in g , e x c e p t I n te rn e t.............................. 1 0 0 .0 9 7 .8 517 T e le c o m m u n ic a t io n s .................................. 1 0 0 .0 ............. 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .0 D a t a p r o c e s s in g a n d r e la te d s e r v ic e s ................................. 9 9 .7 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .9 9 8 .9 9 9 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .8 1 0 2 .0 1 0 1 .7 1 0 2 .3 1 0 2 .3 9 9 .3 1 0 2 .9 9 9 .0 S e c u r it y , c o m m o d it y c o n t r a c t s , a n d lik e a c tiv ity .. 1 0 2 .5 1 0 2 .3 L e s s o r s o r n o n r e s id e n t a l b u ild in g s ( e x c e p t m in iw a r e h o u s e ) ........ 1 0 0 .0 99.1 9 9 .4 9 9 .6 5312 1 0 1 .0 1 0 2 .3 O f f ic e s o f r e a l e s t a t e a g e n t s a n d b r o k e r s ................ 1 0 1 .5 1 0 3 .2 1 0 5 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .2 5313 1 0 0 .9 R e a l e s t a t e s u p p o r t a c t iv it ie s .............................. 1 0 0 .9 1 0 1 .1 1 0 1 .1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .1 5 32 1 A u to m o tiv e e q u ip m e n t r e n ta l a n d le a s in g ( J u n e 2 0 0 1 = 1 0 0 ) 1 0 2 .7 109 1 1 0 7 .9 1 0 9 .8 1 0 7 .4 5411 L e g a l s e r v ic e s ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 6 = 1 0 0 ) ...................... 1 2 6 .5 1 3 1 .4 1 3 1 .7 1 3 1 .7 O f f ic e s o f c e r tif ie d p u b lic a c c o u n t a n t s ........................... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .8 1 0 0 .7 5182 523 53112 541211 5413 5613 9 7 .6 1 0 1 .5 1 0 5 .2 1 0 9 .7 1 1 1 .0 1 3 1 .8 1 3 1 .8 1 3 2 .0 1 3 1 .9 1 0 1 .3 1 0 1 .1 1 2 5 .3 1 0 1 .3 1 0 1 .6 1 2 6 .3 1 2 6 .4 1 2 6 .9 1 2 6 .9 A d v e r t is in g a g e n c ie s ................................... 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .6 E m p lo y m e n t s e r v ic e s ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 6 = 1 0 0 ) .......... 1 1 2 .1 1 1 2 .1 1 1 2 .5 1 1 3 .2 1 0 0 .1 1 0 0 .1 1 0 0 .3 1 0 0 .7 1 1 3 .4 114 .1 1 1 4 .8 1 1 4 .8 56151 T r a v e l a g e n c ie s ................................................. 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .0 56172 J a n it o r ia l s e r v i c e s ................................................. 9 8 .3 9 6 .9 9 6.1 9 5 .4 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .3 W a s t e c o lle c t io n ........................................... 1 0 0 .5 1 0 1 .1 1 0 0 .8 1 0 1 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .8 A c c o m m o d a t io n ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 6 = 1 0 0 ) .................. 1 0 1 .3 1 0 1 .3 1 2 0 .5 1 2 5 .0 1 2 4 .0 1 2 8 .6 1 2 8 .6 5621 721 NOTE: 1 2 2 .2 D a t a r e f le c t th e c o n v e r s io n to th e 2 0 0 2 v e r s io n o f th e N o r th A m e r ic a n In d u s try C la s s if ic a t io n S y s t e m (NAICS), r e p la c in g th e S t a n d a r d In d u s tria l C la s s if ic a t io n (SIC) s y s t e m . 108 1 0 2 .0 1 0 4 .4 A r c h ite c tu r a l, e n g in e e r in g , a n d re la te d s e r v ic e s ( D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 6 = 1 0 0 ) ....................................... 54181 1 0 6 .0 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 1 2 3 .6 1 2 4 .9 1 2 4 .8 42. Annual data: Producer Price Indexes, by stage of processing Index 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Finished goods 2001 1 4 3 .3 1 2 5 .5 1 2 7 .9 1 3 1 .3 1 3 1 .8 1 3 0 .7 1 3 3 .0 1 3 8 .0 1 4 0 .7 1 3 8 .9 1 2 5 .7 1 2 6 .8 1 2 9 .0 1 3 3 .6 1 3 4 .5 1 3 4 .3 1 35 .1 1 3 7 .2 1 4 1 .3 1 40 .1 1 4 6 .0 7 8 .0 7 7 .0 78.1 8 3 .2 8 3 .4 7 5.1 7 8 .8 9 4.1 9 6 .8 8 8 .8 1 0 2 .0 1 3 5 .8 137 .1 1 4 0 .0 1 4 2 .0 1 4 2 .4 1 4 3 .7 1 46 .1 1 4 8 .0 1 5 0 .0 1 5 0 .2 1 5 0 .5 1 1 6 .2 1 1 8 .5 1 2 4 .9 1 2 5 .7 1 2 5 .6 1 2 3 .0 1 2 3 .2 1 2 9 .2 1 2 9 .7 1 2 7 .8 1 3 3 .7 1 1 5 .6 1 1 8 .5 1 1 9 .5 1 2 5 .3 1 2 3 .2 1 2 3 .2 1 2 0 .8 1 1 9 .2 1 2 4 .3 1 2 3 .3 1 3 4 .4 8 4 .6 8 3 .0 8 4.1 8 9 .8 8 9 .0 8 0 .8 8 4 .3 1 0 1 .7 1 04 .1 9 5 .9 1 1 1 .9 1 2 3 .8 1 27 .1 1 3 5 .2 1 3 4 .0 1 3 4 .2 1 3 3 .5 1 33 .1 1 3 6 .6 1 3 6 .4 1 3 5 .8 1 3 8 .5 1 0 2 .4 1 0 1 .8 1 0 2 .7 1 1 3 .8 1 1 1 .1 9 6 .8 9 8 .2 1 2 0 .6 1 2 1 .3 1 08 .1 1 3 5 .3 1 0 8 .4 1 0 6 .5 1 0 5 .8 1 2 1 .5 1 1 2 .2 1 0 3 .9 9 8 .7 1 0 0 .2 1 0 6 .2 9 9 .5 1 1 3 .5 Crude materials for further processing https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 2003 1 2 4 .7 Intermediate materials, supplies, and components O t h e r ............................................................................................ 2002 7 6 .7 72.1 6 9 .4 8 5 .0 8 7 .3 6 8 .6 7 8 .5 1 2 2 .1 1 2 2 .8 1 0 2 .0 1 4 7 .5 9 4.1 9 7 .0 1 0 5 .8 1 0 5 .7 1 0 3 .5 8 4 .5 9 1.1 1 1 8 .0 1 0 1 .8 1 0 1 .0 1 1 6 .8 Monthly Labor Review October 2004 109 Current Labor Statistics: Price Data 43. U.S. export price indexes by Standard International Trade Classification [2000 = 1QQ]_________ S IT C 2003 Industry Rev. 3 Aug. Sept. Oct. 2004 Nov. F o o d a n d live a n im a ls ................ 01 M e a t a n d m e a t p re p a ra tio n s ....... 1 08 .9 04 C e r e a ls a n d c e r e a l p r e p a r a tio n s ........ 1 1 5 .7 1 2 4 .2 9 9 .7 1 01 .4 05 2 V e g e ta b le s , fruit, a n d nu ts, p re p a re d fre s h o r dry.. C ru d e m aterials, in e d ib le , e x c e p t fu e ls.. 22 O ils e e d s a n d o le a g in o u s fru its ........ 24 C o r k a n d w o o d ................. 25 P u lp a n d w a s te p a p e r .......... 26 T e x tile f ib e rs a n d th e ir w a s t e ........... 28 3 1 25 .6 1 03 .2 m ? 3 1 09 .2 1 2 1 .1 1 50 .9 9 0 .8 9 1 .9 1 07 .0 M e ta llife ro u s o r e s a n d m e ta l s c r a p .......... M ineral fu e ls, lu b ric a n ts , a n d related p ro d u c ts Jan. 1 1 6 .5 1 17 .0 Feb. 1 19 .9 Mar. Apr. May June July Aua. 1 22 .7 126.1 1 26 .7 1 2 4 .0 120 .4 117.1 1 23 .0 1 2 2 .8 1 25 .0 127.1 1 27 .6 1 2 7 .7 1 2 7 .3 124.1 1 3 0 .8 1 26 .2 1 31 .6 1 35 .2 1 3 9 .6 1 4 7 .7 1 46 .0 1 4 1 .2 1 28 .0 1 0 3 .2 1 2 0 .5 103.1 1 08 .4 1 1 0 .1 1 0 9 .5 1 13 .3 1 1 1 .1 1 1 0 .1 114.1 1 1 6 .9 1 2 0 .2 1 2 2 .3 1 29 .0 1 3 2 .8 1 3 2 .5 1 2 5 .6 1 29 .6 1 1 5 .3 1 5 2 .5 1 57 .2 1 60 .9 1 81 .6 197.1 1 99 .0 1 6 8 .5 1 84 .5 1 1 7 .4 9 3 .7 9 4 .5 9 5 .6 9 6 .5 9 7 .6 9 8 .2 9 8 .3 9 9 .0 99.1 9 1 .7 9 1 .7 9 2 .5 9 4 .2 9 8 .8 1 0 0 .4 1 0 0 .8 1 0 0 .1 9 9 .5 1 2 1 .2 1 2 3 .7 1 2 2 .2 1 2 1 .9 1 15 .9 1 14 .9 1 0 8 .7 1 02 .9 1 0 1 .5 1 1 7 .8 1 19 .9 1 3 6 .6 1 48 .9 1 56 .8 1 71 .4 1 7 6 .2 1 70 .6 1 6 7 .8 176.1 1 6 9 .7 114 9 1 0 8 .7 1 08 .2 1 06 .3 1 1 0 .7 1 2 0 .5 1 19 .3 1 23 .0 1 2 3 .2 135.1 1 3 0 .3 1 3 6 .5 1 3 9 .4 1 1 6 .8 1 1 4 .7 1 2 0 .1 1 1 9 .8 1 35 .0 1 2 7 .7 1 3 3 .2 136.1 1 0 2 .9 1 04 .0 1 04 .9 1 0 5 .5 1 05 .6 1 0 8 .2 32 C o a l, c o k e , a n d b riq u e tte s .......... 1 1 1 .2 33 1 1 1 .6 1 1 2 .9 P e tro le u m , p e tro le u m p ro d u c ts , a n d r e la te d m a te ria ls... 1 13 .0 1 0 4 .2 104.1 1 0 1 .2 1 06 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .3 1 0 0 .7 1 00 .9 1 0 5 .5 1 0 5 .4 1 0 5 .8 1 0 7 .0 1 0 5 .8 1 05 .4 1 0 5 .3 1 0 5 .5 1 0 5 .7 9 7 .6 1 0 5 .7 9 8 .2 9 8 .9 1 0 5 .8 9 9 .4 1 ,0 7 3 .8 1 08 .0 1 0 0 .1 1 0 4 .3 1 0 4 .2 1 0 4 .3 104.1 1 0 4 .4 9 5 .4 9 5 .5 1 0 4 .3 104.1 9 5 .8 104.1 9 6 .5 9 8 .3 1 00 .9 1 0 2 .1 1 0 2 .2 1 02 .9 1 0 3 .2 1 0 6 .2 5 C h e m ic a ls a n d related p ro d u c ts , n .e .s ...... 54 M e d ic in a l a n d p h a rm a c e u tic a l p ro d u c ts ..... 55 E s s e n tia l o ils ; p o lis h in g a n d c le a n in g p re p a ra tio n s . 57 P la s t ic s in p rim a ry f o r m s ............. 9 4 .8 58 P la s t ic s in n o n p rim a ry fo rm s .......... 59 C h e m ic a l m a te ria ls a n d p ro d u c ts , n .e .s .............................. 6 62 64 M a n u fa c tu re d g o o d s c la s s ifie d c h ie fly b y m a teria ls R u b b e r m a n u fa c tu re s , n .e .s ........ 9 8 .2 9 8 .3 97.1 9 7 .2 9 6 .8 9 7 .2 9 7 .4 9 6 .9 9 6 .7 1 01 .9 1 02 .4 9 6 .4 1 02 .5 9 7 .5 9 7 .8 1 0 2 .6 1 05 .0 1 05 .2 1 0 4 .8 1 04 .8 1 0 4 .8 1 0 4 .8 1 0 4 .8 1 0 6 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .2 1 0 0 .3 1 0 9 .5 P a o e r . D a D e rb o a rd . a n d a r tic le s o f D ao er. duId. 66 N o n m e ta llic m in e ra l m a n u fa c tu re s , n .e .s ........................... 68 N o n fe r r o u s m e ta ls ................... 7 1 00 .7 1 0 0 .8 1 0 1 .7 1 03 .0 104.1 1 05 .6 1 06 .6 1 0 7 .0 1 0 8 .6 1 0 9 .9 1 0 9 .5 1 0 9 .9 1 1 0 .4 1 1 0 .9 1 1 0 .4 1 10 .9 1 1 0 .8 1 1 1 .2 1 11 .9 1 1 2 .1 9 7 .6 1 0 0 .2 9 9 .5 9 9 .5 9 9 .7 8 0 .9 M a c h in e ry a n d tra n sp o rt e q u ip m e n t...... 1 0 7 .4 9 8 .4 1 0 1 .9 a n d o a D e rb o a rd ................. 9 7 .9 9 7 .9 9 7 .7 9 7 .7 9 7 .9 9 7 .8 9 7 .9 9 8 .7 9 9 .0 9 9 .3 1 0 1 .7 1 0 1 .9 9 9 .8 9 9 .7 9 9 .6 9 9 .7 9 9 .7 9 9 .5 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .1 8 4 .5 1 0 0 .3 8 5 .9 9 0 .9 94.1 98.1 9 7 .6 9 5 .4 9 5 .5 9 6 .9 9 7 .8 9 7 .9 98.1 9 8 .2 9 8 .4 9 8 .4 9 8 .2 9 8 .3 9 8 .4 71 P o w e r g e n e ra tin g m a c h in e r y a n d e q u ip m e n t 1 0 7 .4 72 1 0 7 .5 1 07 .9 1 0 8 .5 1 0 8 .7 M a c h in e r y s p e c ia liz e d fo r p a rtic u la r in d u strie s ... 1 09 .3 1 0 9 .4 1 09 .4 1 08 .7 1 03 .2 1 08 .7 103.1 103.1 1 0 8 .8 1 0 8 .9 1 0 3 .3 1 0 3 .4 1 0 9 .0 74 G e n e r a l in d u stria l m a c h in e s a n d p a rts, n .e .s., 1 03 .9 1 04 .0 1 04 .2 105.1 1 05 .4 1 0 5 .4 1 0 5 .7 1 0 5 .9 75 C o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t a n d o ffic e m a c h in e s.... 76 T e le c o m m u n ic a tio n s a n d s o u n d re c o rd in g a n d a n d m a c h in e p a rts ................. 1 02 .5 re p ro d u c in g a p p a r a tu s a n d e q u ip m e n t............. 77 E le c tric a l m a c h in e ry a n d e q u ip m e n t..... 78 R o a d v e h ic le s .................... 87 1 0 2 .8 1 03 .3 1 0 3 .5 1 04 .0 1 04 .5 1 0 4 .8 8 8 .0 8 7 .8 1 04 .9 8 7 .9 1 0 5 .3 1 0 5 .4 8 8 .6 8 7 .7 8 8 .2 8 8 .4 8 8 .8 8 8 .6 8 7 .0 8 6 .4 8 6 .3 9 3 .4 9 3 .3 9 2 .8 9 2 .0 9 2 .6 8 9 .8 8 9 .4 9 2 .5 9 2 .4 9 2 .2 9 2 .0 9 1 .9 9 1 .6 9 1 .6 8 8 .1 8 8 .0 8 8 .3 8 8 .6 8 8 .5 8 8 .6 8 8 .3 8 8 .4 8 8 .5 1 0 1 .5 1 0 1 .7 1 01 .9 1 0 1 .9 1 0 2 .3 1 0 2 .3 1 0 2 .4 1 0 2 .5 1 0 2 .7 1 0 2 .3 1 0 2 .2 1 0 2 .3 1 0 2 .3 1 0 2 .2 1 0 2 .1 1 0 2 .0 1 0 1 .8 1 0 1 .9 P ro fe s sio n a l, s c ie n tific , a n d c o n tro llin g in s tru m e n ts a n d a p p a ra tu s ...... 110 Dec. Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 1 0 2 .3 October 2004 1 0 2 .2 1 0 2 .1 1 0 2 .3 44. U.S. import price indexes by Standard International Trade Classification 2000 = 100] [ 2004 2003 S ITC Industry Rev. 3 Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Feb. Jan. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. 1 07 .4 1 07 .6 1 3 3 .7 1 3 3 .9 F o o d a n d liv e a n im a ls ............................................................. 9 9 .5 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .0 1 0 2 .2 1 0 4 .7 1 05 .4 1 0 6 .4 106.1 1 0 6 .8 01 M e a t a n d m e a t p r e p a r a t io n s ................................................. 1 08 .2 1 1 2 .8 1 15 .2 1 17 .2 1 2 0 .4 1 1 7 .7 1 1 8 .0 1 2 0 .4 1 2 1 .7 1 2 4 .4 1 2 8 .8 03 F is h a n d c r u s ta c e a n s , m o llu s k s , a n d o th e r a q u a tic in v e rte b ra te s ............................................................. 8 2 .3 8 2 .2 7 9 .8 7 9 .3 7 9 .2 7 8 .2 8 0 .0 8 3 .3 85.1 84.1 84.1 8 6 .1 8 7 .5 05 V e g e t a b le s , fruit, a n d n u ts, p r e p a r e d fre s h o r d ry ............ 1 0 5 .5 1 05 .0 1 0 6 .4 1 08 .9 1 0 9 .4 1 1 2 .3 1 1 5 .7 1 1 1 .3 1 0 9 .5 106.1 1 0 5 .9 1 0 2 .3 1 0 1 .4 07 C o ffe e , te a , c o c o a , s p ic e s , a n d m a n u fa c tu re s 9 6 .6 9 8 .6 9 5 .5 93.1 9 6 .0 1 0 0 .1 1 0 1 .9 1 0 1 .7 1 03 .6 1 0 2 .4 107.1 1 0 2 .7 1 0 2 .9 1 04 .4 1 0 4 .4 1 04 .7 1 0 5 .0 1 0 5 .3 1 0 5 .3 1 0 5 .4 1 0 5 .3 1 0 5 .3 1 0 5 .5 1 0 4 .3 1 04 .9 1 05 .2 1 0 5 .5 1 0 5 .5 1 0 5 .7 1 05 .6 1 0 5 .7 1 0 5 .9 1 3 4 .0 0 th e r e o f....................................................................................... 1 B e v e ra g e s a n d t o b a c c o .......................................................... 1 04 .0 104 .0 1 0 4 .3 11 B e v e r a g e s .................................................................................. 1 03 .9 1 03 .9 1 04 .2 1 04 .2 2 C ru d e m aterials, in e d ib le , e x c e p t fu e ls ............................. 1 0 0 .5 106.1 1 0 4 .2 1 0 4 .5 1 0 7 .9 1 0 9 .5 114.1 1 2 0 .0 1 22 .9 1 2 7 .3 1 2 5 .8 1 2 5 .6 24 C o r k a n d w o o d .......................................................................... 9 9 .3 1 13 .0 1 06 .2 1 03 .2 1 0 8 .0 1 0 8 .9 1 1 5 .7 1 2 3 .3 1 2 7 .8 1 3 9 .0 136.1 132.1 1 4 9 .0 25 P u lp a n d w a s t e p a p e r .............................................................. 9 1 .9 9 0 .4 9 0 .8 9 1 .9 9 2 .8 9 3 .3 9 1 .9 9 5 .4 1 0 0 .8 1 0 3 .4 1 0 6 .5 1 0 8 .0 1 0 7 .6 28 M e ta llife ro u s o r e s a n d m e ta l s c r a p ...................................... 1 02 .9 1 03 .7 1 0 4 .3 1 08 .7 1 1 5 .3 1 2 4 .2 1 34 .6 1 4 8 .0 1 4 8 .2 1 4 3 .5 1 4 0 .4 1 4 4 .4 160.1 29 C r u d e a n im a l a n d v e g e t a b le m a te ria ls , n .e .s .................... 9 6 .8 9 5 .7 95.1 9 4 .8 9 9 .6 9 8 .9 9 9 .5 9 9 .7 9 9 .3 1 0 2 .1 9 8 .0 1 0 1 .2 9 7 .6 1 1 7 .3 1 1 7 .7 1 2 0 .8 1 2 1 .1 1 3 1 .6 1 3 1 .5 1 3 3 .5 145.1 3 M ineral fu e ls, lu b ric a n ts , a n d related p ro d u c ts .............. 1 0 6 .5 1 0 1 .5 1 0 1 .3 1 03 .3 1 08 .2 33 P e tro le u m , p e tro le u m p ro d u c ts , a n d re la te d m a te ria ls... 1 0 5 .6 9 9 .4 1 0 0 .1 1 0 2 .3 1 0 6 .9 1 14 .0 1 14 .5 1 2 0 .0 1 2 0 .3 1 3 1 .5 1 3 0 .0 1 3 2 .7 1 4 5 .3 34 G a s , n a tu ra l a n d m a n u fa c tu r e d ............................................. 1 0 8 .8 1 14 .4 1 06 .2 106 .6 1 1 3 .9 1 38 .0 137.1 1 2 2 .9 1 2 3 .3 1 2 9 .5 1 4 0 .2 1 3 4 .8 1 39 .2 5 C h e m ic a ls a n d related p ro d u c ts , n .e .s .............................. 9 9 .2 9 9 .2 1 0 0 .2 1 0 0 .8 1 0 1 .1 1 0 3 .0 1 03 .4 1 0 3 .8 1 0 3 .5 1 0 3 .5 1 0 3 .8 1 0 5 .3 1 0 5 .9 52 I n o rg a n ic c h e m ic a ls .................................................................. 1 06 .0 1 05 .4 1 0 8 .8 1 11 .9 1 1 4 .0 1 1 9 .3 1 2 0 .6 1 2 0 .5 1 1 5 .9 1 1 7 .5 1 1 9 .7 1 2 5 .5 1 2 7 .4 53 D y in g , ta n n in g , a n d c o lo rin g m a te ria ls ................................ 9 8 .3 9 7 .7 98.1 9 9 .0 9 9 .6 9 9 .9 9 9 .7 9 9 .5 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .8 1 0 1 .0 1 0 1 .2 1 0 1 .5 54 M e d ic in a l a n d p h a rm a c e u tic a l p ro d u c ts .............................. 1 0 2 .5 1 01 .9 1 0 2 .3 1 0 3 .4 1 0 3 .4 1 07 .2 1 0 7 .7 108.1 1 0 7 .7 1 0 7 .3 107.1 1 0 7 .7 1 0 7 .7 55 E s s e n tia l o ils ; p o lis h in g a n d c le a n in g p r e p a r a tio n s ......... 9 1 .8 9 1 .6 9 1 .2 9 1 .6 9 1 .6 9 2 .7 9 3 .3 9 3 .7 9 3 .5 9 3 .4 9 3 .5 9 3 .6 9 3 .6 57 P la s t ic s in p rim a ry fo r m s ......................................................... 103.1 1 02 .7 1 05 .6 1 05 .6 1 0 5 .5 1 04 .4 1 05 .2 1 06 .9 1 0 5 .5 1 0 5 .8 1 0 4 .6 1 0 8 .3 1 0 8 .2 58 P la s t ic s in n o n p rim a ry f o r m s .................................................. 1 0 1 .4 1 0 1 .4 1 0 1 .7 1 01 .7 1 0 1 .8 1 0 2 .1 1 0 2 .4 1 02 .9 1 02 .9 1 02 .9 1 0 2 .3 1 0 2 .8 1 0 3 .0 C h e m ic a l m a te ria ls a n d p ro d u c ts , n .e .s .............................. 9 1 .9 9 1 .8 9 2 .3 93.1 9 3 .3 9 4 .3 9 4 .9 9 5 .8 9 5 .4 95.1 9 5 .2 9 6 .0 9 6 .4 59 M a n u fa c tu re d g o o d s c la s s ifie d c h ie fly b y m a te ria ls..... 9 5 .4 9 5 .7 9 6 .5 9 7 .4 9 7 .8 9 8 .9 1 0 1 .4 1 0 3 .6 1 0 5 .6 1 0 6 .9 106.1 106.1 1 0 7 .5 6 62 R u b b e r m a n u fa c tu re s , n .e .s .................................................. 9 8 .5 9 8 .5 9 8 .5 9 8 .6 9 8 .8 9 9 .0 9 9 .2 9 9 .7 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .5 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .8 64 P a p e r, p a p e rb o a rd , a n d a r tic le s o f p a p e r, pu lp , 9 4 .9 9 4 .5 9 4 .7 9 4 .2 9 3 .7 94.1 9 4 .5 9 5 .0 9 4 .8 9 5 .5 9 5 .5 9 6 .4 9 6 .6 N o n m e ta llic m in e ra l m a n u fa c tu re s , n .e .s .......................... 9 7 .8 9 7 .8 9 7 .9 98.1 98.1 9 8 .5 9 8 .9 9 9 .0 9 9 .3 9 9 .4 9 9 .4 9 9 .5 1 0 0 .4 66 79.1 8 0 .7 8 2 .0 85.1 8 7 .7 9 2 .3 9 7 .0 1 0 2 .6 1 0 5 .8 106.1 1 0 1 .6 1 0 2 .3 105.1 69 9 8 .4 9 8 .5 9 8 .7 99.1 9 9 .5 9 9 .7 1 0 0 .3 1 0 1 .1 1 0 2 .3 1 0 2 .4 1 0 2 .4 1 0 2 .7 1 0 3 .3 9 5 .6 9 5 .5 9 5 .3 9 5 .4 9 5 .3 9 5 .4 9 5 .5 9 5 .5 9 5 .2 9 5 .2 95.1 9 5 .0 9 4 .9 72 M a c h in e r y s p e c ia liz e d fo r p a rtic u la r in d u s tr ie s ................. 1 0 2 .5 1 0 2 .2 1 02 .4 1 0 3 .3 1 0 3 .6 1 0 4 .9 1 0 6 .4 1 0 6 .7 1 0 6 .5 1 0 6 .7 1 0 6 .5 1 0 7 .2 1 0 7 .7 74 G e n e r a l in d u stria l m a c h in e s a n d p a rts, n .e .s., 1 0 0 .4 1 0 0 .2 1 00 .4 1 00 .9 1 0 1 .2 1 0 1 .8 1 0 2 .5 1 0 3 .3 1 0 3 .5 1 0 3 .6 1 0 3 .5 104.1 1 0 4 .3 75 C o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t a n d o ffic e m a c h in e s ........................ 8 0 .6 8 0 .5 7 8 .6 7 8 .5 7 8 .2 7 8 .0 7 8 .0 7 7 .7 7 6 .5 7 6 .4 7 5 .4 7 4 .9 7 4 .4 76 T e le c o m m u n ic a tio n s a n d s o u n d re c o rd in g a n d 8 4 .4 84.1 78 R o a d v e h ic le s .......................................................................... . 88 P h o to g r a p h ic a p p a ra tu s , e q u ip m e n t, a n d s u p p lie s , a n d ODtical a o o d s . n .e .s ...................................................... https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 8 8 .8 8 8 .6 8 7 .7 8 7 .5 8 6 .7 8 6 .4 8 5 .4 85.1 8 4 .9 8 4 .9 8 4 .7 9 6 .0 9 6 .0 9 5 .9 9 6 .0 9 5 .3 9 5 .4 9 5 .7 9 5 .6 9 4 .9 9 4 .8 9 4 .7 9 4 .6 9 4 .7 1 0 0 .7 1 0 0 .6 1 0 1 .3 1 0 1 .4 1 0 1 .6 1 0 1 .9 1 0 2 .0 1 0 2 .0 1 0 2 .2 1 0 2 .3 1 0 2 .4 1 0 2 .5 1 0 2 .5 9 9 .8 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .1 1 0 0 .1 1 0 0 .5 1 0 0 .5 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .4 1 0 0 .4 1 0 0 .3 9 9 .6 9 9 .2 9 9 .3 9 9 .8 9 9 .9 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .3 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .4 9 9 .3 9 9 .0 98.1 98.1 Monthly Labor Review October 2004 111 Current Labor Statistics: Price Data 45. U.S. export price indexes by end-use category [2000 = 100]_______________ 2003 Category Aug. A L L C O M M O D I T I E S ....................... Sept. Oct. 2004 Nov. Dec. 9 9 .4 F o o d s , f e e d s , a n d b e v e r a g e s ........ 1 0 9 .4 1 1 5 .3 A g r ic u ltu r a l f o o d s , f e e d s , a n d b e v e r a g e s ....... 1 0 9 .5 1 1 6 .3 1 1 8 .4 1 2 2 .8 N o n a g r ic u lt u r a l (fis h , b e v e r a g e s ) fo o d p r o d u c t s ... 1 0 9 .5 1 0 6 .5 1 0 5 .6 1 0 7 .5 In d u s tria l s u p p lie s a n d m a t e r ia ls ................... A g r ic u ltu r a l in d u s t r ia l s u p p lie s a n d m a t e r ia ls ...... F u e ls a n d lu b r ic a n t s ....................... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .2 1 0 1 .0 1 0 1 .7 1 0 5 .5 1 0 7 .3 1 1 3 .3 1 1 9 .0 1 0 0 .4 9 7 .6 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July 1 0 1 .5 1 0 2 .2 1 0 3 .0 1 0 3 .7 104.1 1 0 3 .3 1 0 3 .8 1 0 3 .3 123.1 1 2 5 .6 1 3 0 .5 1 3 4 .8 1 3 5 .6 1 2 9 .2 1 2 8 .2 1 1 6 .6 1 2 4 .6 1 2 7 .2 1 3 2 .4 1 3 7 .0 1 3 8 .0 1 31 .1 1 2 9 .9 1 1 7 .0 1 0 8 .5 1 0 9 .5 1 1 0 .7 1 1 2 .1 1 1 3 .4 1 1 2 .7 1 1 1 .4 1 1 1 .6 1 1 2 .0 1 05 .1 1 0 6 .4 108.1 109 .1 1 1 0 .2 1 0 9 .8 1 1 1 .6 1 1 2 .5 1 1 7 .5 1 1 8 .6 1 1 6 .6 1 1 7 .2 1 1 4 .8 1 1 3 .7 1 1 0 .7 1 0 8 .7 1 0 8 .0 9 9 .0 106.1 1 0 6 .5 1 0 8 .9 1 0 9 .6 1 1 7 .5 1 14 .1 1 1 7 .8 1 1 9 .5 1 0 2 .5 1 0 4 .7 1 0 6 .4 108.1 1 0 9 .4 1 0 9 .9 1 1 0 .0 1 1 2 .0 1 1 2 .8 9 8 .7 1 0 0 .9 1 0 2 .3 1 0 3 .4 1 0 3 .9 1 0 3 .4 1 0 2 .9 1 0 3 .5 N o n a g r ic u lt u r a l s u p p lie s a n d m a t e r ia ls , e x c lu d in g fu e l a n d b u ild in g m a t e r ia ls .......... S e le c t e d b u ild in g m a t e r ia ls ................... C a p it a l g o o d s ................................ A u t o m o t iv e v e h ic le s , p a r ts , a n d e n g in e s . . . . C o n s u m e r g o o d s , e x c lu d in g a u t o m o t iv e ............ N o n d u r a b le s , m a n u f a c t u r e d .................. D u r a b le s , m a n u f a c t u r e d .................. A g r ic u ltu r a l c o m m o d it ie s ........................ N o n a g r ic u lt u r a l c o m m o d it ie s ...................... Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 1 0 0 .5 9 8 .0 9 8 .4 1 0 1 .1 1 0 1 .7 9 7 .7 E le c t r ic a n d e le c t r ic a l g e n e r a tin g e q u ip m e n t ... N o n e le c t r ic a l m a c h in e r y .............. 112 1 0 0 .1 October 1 0 1 .6 1 0 1 .7 9 4 .5 9 4 .3 1 0 1 .8 1 0 1 .8 1 0 1 .9 1 0 1 .9 9 9 .4 9 9 .4 9 9 .8 1 0 0 .0 9 8 .7 9 8 .5 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .1 1 0 8 .8 1 1 4 .7 9 8 .7 9 8 .6 2004 1 0 1 .7 1 0 1 .7 9 7 .5 9 7 .5 9 7 .8 9 8 .0 98.1 9 8.1 9 7 .8 9 7 .9 9 8 .0 1 0 1 .7 1 0 2 .0 1 0 1 .9 1 0 2 .0 1 0 1 .7 1 0 1 .7 1 0 2 .0 1 0 2 .1 1 0 2 .2 9 3 .9 9 4 .3 9 4 .5 9 4 .6 9 4 .6 94.1 94.1 9 4 .2 1 0 1 .9 1 0 2 .0 1 0 1 .9 1 0 2 .2 1 0 2 .3 1 0 2 .4 1 0 2 .5 1 0 2 .6 1 0 0 .2 1 0 0 .1 1 0 0 .2 1 0 0 .4 1 0 0 .5 1 0 0 .4 1 0 0 .9 1 0 1 .1 9 9 .9 9 9 .9 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .1 1 0 0 .1 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .8 1 0 1 .0 1 0 0 .1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .1 1 0 0 .5 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .7 1 0 0 .9 1 0 1 .1 1 2 2 .7 1 2 3 .5 1 2 5 .3 1 2 9 .7 1 3 3 .0 1 3 3 .7 1 2 7 .4 126 .1 1 1 5 .4 99.1 9 9 .8 1 0 0 .4 1 0 0 .9 1 0 1 .4 1 0 1 .7 1 0 1 .5 1 0 2 .1 1 0 2 .5 1 0 1 .8 9 9 .2 9 8 .7 9 8 .8 Aug. 46. U.S. import price indexes by end-use category [ 2000 = 100]_____________________________ 2004 2003 Category Aug. Sept. Feb. 1 0 7 .2 1 0 6 .8 1 0 6 .8 1 0 7 .2 1 0 7 .3 1 1 4 .2 1 1 4 .0 1 1 4 .3 1 14 .1 1 1 3 .8 9 0.1 9 1 .7 9 0 .6 9 0.1 9 1 .6 9 2 .6 1 1 0 .0 1 1 2 .7 1 1 3 .9 1 1 9 .7 1 1 9 .3 1 2 0 .5 1 27 .1 1 1 7 .0 1 2 0 .2 1 2 0 .6 1 3 1 .0 1 3 0 .9 1 3 2 .7 1 4 4 .4 1 1 3 .7 1 1 4 .3 1 2 0 .1 1 1 9 .9 1 3 1 .2 1 2 9 .6 1 3 2 .2 1 4 4 .9 9 4.1 9 4 .2 9 5 .6 9 6 .8 9 8 .2 9 9 .0 1 0 0 .1 1 0 0 .2 1 0 5 .3 1 1 2 .0 1 1 3 .4 8 6 .3 8 6 .0 8 6 .0 8 5.1 8 7 .2 9 9 .5 1 0 0 .7 1 0 3 .6 1 0 8 .5 9 9 .4 1 0 0 .1 1 0 2 .0 1 0 7 .2 1 1 6 .5 9 7 .2 9 8 .8 1 0 0 .9 1 0 6 .0 8 7 .4 8 7 .6 1 0 0 .5 9 8 .9 F u e ls a n d lu b r ic a n t s ................................. 1 0 4 .2 P e t r o le u m a n d p e tr o le u m p ro d u c ts . 1 0 3 .2 N o n a g r ic u lt u r a l (fis h , b e v e r a g e s ) fo o d p ro d u c ts . I n d u s tria l s u p p lie s a n d m a t e r ia ls . . . ............................. 1 0 3 .7 1 0 5 .9 1 0 3 .7 1 1 0 .9 1 0 9 .0 1 0 7 .6 Aug. 1 0 2 .0 1 1 3 .0 1 0 3 .2 1 0 9 .7 1 0 1 .9 1 0 8 .3 1 0 1 .3 A g r ic u lt u r a l f o o d s , f e e d s , a n d b e v e r a g e s .............. July 1 0 1 .9 1 0 2 .4 1 0 1 .8 F o o d s , f e e d s , a n d b e v e r a g e s ....................................... June 1 0 0 .4 9 9 .4 9 9 .0 9 6 .8 9 6 .2 May 1 0 1 .7 9 7 .5 9 6 .3 9 6 .7 A L L C O M M O D I T I E S .. Jan. Dec. Nov. Oct. Apr. Mar. 1 0 0 .2 9 4 .7 9 4 .0 9 4 .0 9 3 .9 9 3 .9 1 0 2 .3 1 0 2 .5 1 0 3 .4 1 0 4 .2 1 0 4 .4 1 0 4 .7 1 0 4 .8 1 0 5 .4 1 05 .1 1 0 5 .4 1 0 6 .0 1 0 7 .3 1 0 8 .5 s u p p lie s a n d m a t e r ia ls .................................................. 1 0 2 .7 1 1 0 .3 1 0 9 .5 1 08 .1 1 0 8 .0 1 0 6 .8 1 1 3 .7 1 1 8 .4 1 2 0 .2 1 2 3 .6 1 2 0 .5 1 1 7 .5 1 2 3 .9 S e le c t e d b u ild in g m a t e r ia ls ........................................... P a p e r a n d p a p e r b a s e s t o c k s ....................................... M a t e r ia ls a s s o c ia t e d w ith n o n d u r a b le 9 2 .9 9 3 .4 9 4 .4 9 6 .4 9 9 .2 1 0 4 .5 1 0 9 .5 1 1 4 .9 1 2 1 .7 1 2 6 .2 1 2 4 .5 1 2 6 .3 1 2 9 .5 U n f in is h e d m e t a ls a s s o c ia t e d w ith d u r a b le g o o d s . 9 7 .3 9 7 .5 9 7 .7 9 8.1 9 8 .2 9 8 .5 9 9 .2 9 9 .3 9 9 .3 9 9.1 9 8 .8 9 8 .6 9 8 .8 N o n m e t a ls a s s o c ia t e d w ith d u r a b le g o o d s .............. 9 3 .6 9 3 .5 9 3 .0 9 3 .3 9 2 .9 9 3.1 9 3.1 9 3.1 9 2 .6 9 2 .6 9 2 .2 9 2 .2 9 2 .2 C a p it a l g o o d s ................................................................. 9 6 .6 9 5 .8 9 6 .2 9 6 .5 9 6 .8 9 7 .4 9 7 .9 9 7 .8 9 7 .2 9 7.1 9 7 .0 9 7 .5 9 7 .8 E le c t r ic a n d e le c t r ic a l g e n e r a tin g e q u ip m e n t .. 92.1 9 2.1 9 1 .4 9 1 .6 9 1.1 9 1 .2 9 1 .2 9 1 .2 9 0 .6 9 0 .5 9 0.1 9 0 .0 9 0 .0 N o n e le c t r ic a l m a c h in e r y ........................................ 1 0 0 .5 1 0 1 .2 1 0 1 .2 1 0 1 .4 1 0 1 .6 1 0 1 .7 1 0 1 .8 1 0 2 .0 1 0 2 .0 1 0 2 .2 1 0 2 .2 1 0 2 .2 1 0 0 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .7 9 8 .7 9 8 .6 9 8 .5 9 8 .4 9 8 .5 9 8 .5 1 0 1 .1 1 0 1 .2 1 0 1 .3 1 0 1 .1 1 0 1 .0 1 0 0 .9 1 0 1 .1 1 0 1 .1 A u to m o tiv e v e h ic le s , p a r ts , a n d e n g in e s . C o n s u m e r g o o d s , e x c lu d in g a u t o m o t iv e .. 9 7 .9 9 7 .9 9 7 .9 98.1 9 8.1 N o n d u r a b le s , m a n u f a c t u r e d .................... 9 9 .8 9 9 .7 9 9 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .1 9 6 .2 9 6 .2 9 6.1 9 6 .2 9 6 .2 9 6 .3 9 6 .3 9 6 .3 9 6 .3 9 6 .0 96.1 9 5 .9 9 5 .9 D u r a b le s , m a n u f a c t u r e d ............................ 9 5 .6 9 5 .7 9 5 .8 9 5 .8 9 6 .2 9 5 .9 9 6 .2 9 6 .4 9 6 .4 9 7 .3 9 6 .8 9 7 .4 9 7 .9 N o n m a n u f a c t u r e d c o n s u m e r g o o d s ...... 47. U.S. international price Indexes for selected categories of services [2000 = 100, unless indicated otherwise] Category Mar. June 2004 2003 2002 Sept. Dec. Mar. June A ir fr e ig h t ( in b o u n d ) ... ............ .......................................... 9 3 .9 9 8 .3 1 0 0 .3 1 0 5 .9 1 0 8 .8 1 0 9 .4 A ir fr e ig h t ( o u t b o u n d ) .......................... ........................ 9 5 .9 9 8 .4 9 7 .3 9 5 .4 9 7 .2 9 5 .4 Sept. O c e a n lin e r fr e ig h t ( in b o u n d ) .......................................... NOTE: 9 1 .7 9 0 .3 9 3 .5 9 3 .3 9 4 .0 116 .1 Mar. June 1 1 6 .5 1 1 2 .5 1 1 2 .9 1 1 6 .2 9 5 .5 9 4 .9 96.1 9 8 .9 100.0 100.0 1 05 .1 1 06 .1 9 9 .3 1 1 4 .2 1 1 7 .7 119 .1 121.1 I n b o u n d a ir p a s s e n g e r f a r e s ( D e c . 2 0 0 3 = 1 0 0 ) ...... O u t b o u n d a ir p a s s e n g e r f a r e s ( D e c . 2 0 0 3 = 1 0 0 )). Dec. 1 1 6 .2 D a s h in d ic a t e s d a t a n o t a v a ila b le . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 113 Current Labor Statistics: 48. Productivity Data Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, and unit costs, quarterly data seasonally adjusted [1992 = 100] Item 2001 II III O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ......... 1 1 8 .4 1 1 8 .8 C o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ....... 1 3 9 .7 2002 IV 1 II 2003 III IV I II 2004 III IV Business R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ...... 1 1 2 .8 U n it la b o r c o s t s ...................... U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n t s ......... 1 0 9 .9 I m p lic it p r ic e d e f la t o r ..................... 118.1 C o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r .......... 1 3 8 .9 R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ............... 1 1 2 .2 1 2 4 .7 1 2 5 .0 1 2 6 .2 1 2 8 .6 1 3 1 .2 1 3 2 .0 1 3 3 .3 1 4 4 .4 1 4 5 .0 1 4 5 .5 1 4 7 .4 1 4 9 .6 1 5 1 .7 1 5 3 .2 1 5 4 .2 1 1 5 .2 1 5 5 .6 1 1 5 .0 1 1 4 .8 1 1 5 .3 1 1 6 .8 1 1 7 .7 1 1 8 .7 1 1 8 .4 118 .1 1 1 6 .3 1 3 3 .8 1 1 6 .7 1 1 7 .2 1 1 6 .3 1 1 6 .3 1 1 6 .8 1 1 6 .4 1 1 5 .6 1 1 6 .0 1 1 3 .4 1 1 5 .7 1 1 3 .6 1 1 5 .7 1 1 6 .8 1 1 7 .7 1 1 9 .0 1 2 0 .8 1 2 0 .7 1 2 2 .9 1 1 5 .5 1 2 4 .4 1 1 5 .9 116.1 1 1 6 .5 117 .1 1 1 7 .3 1 1 7 .5 1 1 7 .8 1 1 8 .4 1 1 9 .4 1 1 8 .5 1 1 2 .5 II 1 2 3 .2 Nonfarm business O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ........... I I 1o.D 1 2 2 .8 124.1 1 2 4 .6 1 2 5 .8 1 2 7 .8 1 3 0 .6 1 3 1 .7 1 3 2 .8 1 3 3 .7 1 4 3 .8 1 4 4 .3 1 4 4 .7 1 4 6 .6 1 4 8 .7 1 5 0 .9 1 5 2 .5 1 5 3 .3 1 5 4 .9 1 1 4 .7 1 1 4 .4 1 1 4 .3 1 1 4 .7 1 16 .1 117 .1 1 1 8 .2 1 1 7 .7 117 .1 1 1 7 .6 U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n t s ............... 1 1 6 .2 116.1 1 1 6 .6 1 1 6 .3 1 1 1 .6 1 1 5 .5 1 1 5 .9 115.1 1 1 5 .4 1 1 5 .9 Im p lic it p r ic e d e f la t o r .................. 1 1 5 .4 1 1 7 .7 1 1 8 .9 1 1 9 .6 1 2 0 .4 1 1 5 .4 1 2 2 .3 1 2 1 .9 1 1 6 .0 1 2 4 .3 1 2 5 .7 1 1 6 .5 1 1 6 .8 1 1 7 .2 1 1 7 .7 1 1 7 .8 1 1 8 .0 118 .1 1 1 8 .7 1 1 9 .5 U n it la b o r c o s t s .................. Nonfinancial corporations O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f a ll e m p lo y e e s .......... 1 2 2 .8 C o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ............ 1 3 6 .7 R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ......... 1 1 0 .4 1 2 3 .0 T o ta l u n it c o s t s .................... U n it la b o r c o s t s ................... U n it n o n la b o r c o s t s ................ 1 2 7 .9 1 2 9 .2 1 3 0 .2 1 3 1 .3 134.1 1 3 7 .2 1 3 8 .9 1 3 9 .9 1 3 8 .9 1 3 9 .4 1 4 1 .3 142 .1 1 4 2 .9 1 44 .1 1 4 6 .3 1 4 8 .5 1 5 0 .0 1 5 0 .9 1 5 2 .4 1 1 2 .7 1 1 2 .7 1 1 2 .8 1 1 2 .7 1 1 4 .2 1 1 5 .3 1 1 6 .2 1 1 1 .6 1 1 5 .9 1 1 1 .2 1 1 5 .7 1 1 0 .7 1 1 0 .4 1 1 0 .7 1 0 9 .7 1 0 9 .0 1 0 8 .7 1 0 8 .8 1 ,1 1 0 .8 1 1 0 .5 1 0 9 .5 1 1 0 .0 1 0 9 .7 1 0 9 .8 109.1 1 0 8 .2 1 0 8 .0 1 0 8 .6 1 1 2 .9 1 0 9 .3 1 1 2 .7 1 1 2 .3 1 1 3 .2 1 1 1 .4 111 .1 1 1 0 .5 1 0 9 .5 9 4 .7 1 0 9 .9 9 5 .7 1 0 1 .8 1 1 2 .2 U n it p r o fit s ............................. U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n t s ............. 1 0 5 .6 Im p lic it p r ic e d e f la t o r .................. 1 0 9 .4 1 0 9 .6 9 9 .2 1 1 1 .0 1 1 8 .7 1 2 3 .2 128 .1 108.1 133 .1 1 0 8 .2 1 0 9 .5 1 0 9 .4 1 1 1 .3 1 13 .1 1 1 3 .9 1 1 4 .5 1 0 9 .7 1 16 .1 1 0 9 .4 1 0 9 .6 1 0 9 .7 1 0 9 .8 1 0 9 .9 1 1 0 .0 1 1 0 .6 1 1 1 .6 Manufacturing O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ............... 1 3 5 .8 C o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r .............. 1 3 7 .4 R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ............ U n it la b o r c o s t s ..................... 114 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 1 3 6 .9 1 1 1 .0 1 1 0 .6 1 0 1 .2 1 0 0 .3 October 2004 9 9 .3 1 0 0 .2 1 4 5 .7 1 4 7 .8 1 4 8 .8 1 5 1 .0 152.1 1 5 5 .9 1 5 7 .2 1 5 8 .3 1 6 0 .9 1 4 7 .0 1 4 8 .6 1 4 9 .9 1 5 5 .7 1 5 8 .5 1 6 1 .6 1 6 3 .9 1 6 2 .2 1 1 7 .2 1 6 3 .5 1 1 7 .8 1 1 8 .3 1 2 1 .8 1 2 3 .8 1 2 5 .4 1 2 7 .0 1 2 4 .6 1 24 .1 1 0 0 .8 1 0 0 .5 1 0 0 .7 103.1 1 0 4 .2 1 0 3 .6 1 0 4 .2 1 0 2 .5 1 0 1 .6 49. Annual indexes of multifactor productivity and related measures, selected years [1996 = 100] Item 1980 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1999 1998 2000 2001 Private business P r o d u c tiv ity : 1 1 2 .4 O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ............................................. 7 5 .8 9 0 .2 9 1 .3 9 4 .8 9 5 .4 9 6 .6 9 7 .3 1 0 2 .2 1 0 5 .0 1 0 7 .7 1 1 1 .0 O u tp u t p e r u n it o f c a p it a l s e r v i c e s ..................................... 1 0 3 .3 9 9 .7 9 6 .5 9 8 .0 9 8 .7 1 0 0 .4 9 9 .8 1 0 0 .3 9 9 .3 9 8 .2 9 6 .6 9 2 .8 M u ltif a c t o r p r o d u c tiv ity ........................................................... 8 8 .8 9 5 .5 9 4 .5 9 6 .7 97.1 9 8 .2 9 8 .4 1 0 1 .2 1 0 2 .5 1 0 3 .4 1 0 5 .0 1 0 3 .9 O u t p u t ............................................................................................. 5 9 .4 8 3 .6 8 2 .6 8 5 .7 8 8 .5 9 2 .8 9 5 .8 1 0 5 .2 1 1 0 .5 1 1 5 .7 1 2 0 .4 1 2 0 .2 1 0 9 .5 In p u ts: L a b o r in p u t.................................................................................. 7 1 .9 8 9 .4 8 8 .3 8 9 .3 9 1 .8 9 5 .6 9 8 .0 1 0 3 .5 106 .1 1 0 9 .0 1 10 .1 C a p it a l s e r v ic e s ........................................................................ 5 7 .6 8 3 .8 8 5 .7 8 7 .5 8 9 .7 9 2 .5 9 6 .0 1 0 4 .9 1 1 1 .3 1 1 7 .9 1 2 4 .5 1 2 9 .6 C o m b in e d u n it s o f la b o r a n d c a p ita l in p u t ....................... 6 7 .0 8 7 .5 8 7 .4 8 8 .7 9 1.1 9 4 .6 9 7 .3 1 0 4 .0 1 0 7 .9 1 1 0 .9 1 1 4 .7 1 1 5 .7 C a p it a l p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s .............................................. 7 3 .4 9 0 .4 9 4 .6 9 6 .8 9 6 .6 9 6 .2 9 7 .5 1 0 1 .9 1 0 5 .8 1 0 9 .7 1 1 4 .8 1 21 .1 1 1 1 .6 Private nonfarm business P ro d u c tiv ity : O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ............................................. 7 7 .3 9 0 .3 9 1 .4 9 4 .8 9 5 .3 9 6 .5 9 7 .5 1 0 2 .0 1 0 4 .7 1 07 .1 1 1 0 .3 O u tp u t p e r u n it o f c a p ita l s e r v i c e s ..................................... 1 0 7 .6 1 0 0 .4 9 7 .0 9 8 .2 9 9 .0 1 0 0 .4 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .0 9 7 .6 9 5 .9 9 2 .0 M u ltif a c t o r p r o d u c tiv ity ........................................................... 9 1 .0 9 5 .8 9 4 .8 9 6 .7 9 7 .2 9 8 .2 9 8 .6 1 0 1 .0 1 0 2 .2 1 0 2 .9 1 0 4 .4 1 0 3 .3 O u t p u t .............. .............................................................. ............... 5 9 .6 8 3 .5 8 2 .5 8 5 .5 8 8 .4 9 2 .6 9 5 .8 1 05 .1 1 1 0 .5 1 1 5 .7 1 2 0 .2 1 20 .1 1 10 .1 In p u ts: 7 0 .7 8 9 .2 8 7 .9 8 9 .0 9 1 .8 9 5 .4 9 7 .8 1 0 3 .6 1 0 6 .4 1 0 9 .5 1 1 0 .6 C a p it a l s e r v i c e s ........................................................................ 5 5 .4 8 3 .2 8 5.1 8 7 .0 8 9 .4 9 2 .2 9 5 .8 1 05 .1 1 1 1 .7 1 1 8 .5 1 2 5 .4 1 3 0 .5 C o m b in e d u n it s o f la b o r a n d c a p ita l in p u t ...................... 6 5 .5 8 7 .2 8 7 .0 8 8 .4 9 1 .0 9 4 .3 9 7 .2 1 04 .1 108 .1 1 1 2 .4 1 1 5 .2 1 1 6 .3 C a p it a l p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s .............................................. 7 1 .8 8 9 .9 9 4 .3 9 6 .5 9 6 .3 9 6.1 9 7 .6 1 0 1 .9 1 0 5 .8 1 0 9 .7 1 1 5 .0 1 2 1 .3 1 1 9 .7 Manufacturing P ro d u c tiv ity : O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ............................................ 6 2 .0 8 2 .2 84.1 8 8 .6 9 0 .2 9 3 .0 9 6 .5 1 0 3 .8 1 0 8 .9 1 1 4 .0 1 1 8 .3 O u t p u t p e r u n it o f c a p ita l s e r v i c e s ..................................... 9 7 .2 9 7 .5 9 3 .6 9 5 .9 9 6 .9 9 9 .7 1 0 0 .6 1 0 1 .4 1 0 1 .7 1 0 1 .7 1 0 1 .0 9 5.1 M u ltif a c t o r p r o d u c tiv ity ........................................................... 8 1 .2 9 3 .3 9 2 .4 9 4 .0 9 5.1 9 7 .3 9 9 .2 1 03 .1 1 0 5 .7 1 0 8 .7 1 1 1 .3 1 1 0 .3 O u t p u t ............................................................................................ 6 4 .3 8 3 .2 8 1 .5 8 5 .5 8 8 .3 9 2 .9 9 6 .9 1 0 5 .6 1 1 0 .5 1 1 4 .7 1 1 7 .4 1 12 .1 1 0 3 .7 1 01 .1 9 6 .9 9 6 .5 9 7 .8 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .4 1 0 1 .7 1 0 1 .5 1 0 0 .7 9 9 .2 9 9 .6 6 6.1 8 5 .3 8 7.1 89.1 9 1.1 9 3 .2 9 6 .4 104 .1 1 0 8 .7 1 1 2 .8 1 1 6 .2 1 1 7 .9 In p u ts: C a p it a l s e r v ic e s ........................................................................ 86.1 93.1 9 3 .2 93.1 9 6 .6 9 9 .9 1 0 2 .3 9 7 .5 1 0 0 .6 1 0 2 .9 1 0 4 .3 9 8 .9 6 3 .9 7 7 .5 7 8 .5 8 3 .5 8 6 .5 9 0 .3 9 3.1 1 0 1 .9 1 0 7 .5 1 0 7 .9 1 0 6 .9 1 0 5 .5 P u r c h a s e d b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ............................................. 6 5 .8 8 4 .7 8 4 .6 9 2 .0 9 2 .9 9 6 .0 1 0 0 .4 1 0 3 .9 1 03 .1 1 0 5 .4 1 0 6 .5 9 7 .7 C o m b in e d u n it s o f a ll f a c t o r in p u t s .................................... 7 9 .2 89.1 8 8 .3 9 0 .9 9 2 .8 9 5 .5 9 7 .7 1 0 2 .4 1 0 4 .6 1 0 5 .5 1 0 5 .5 1 0 1 .6 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 115 Current Labor Statistics: Productivity Data 50. Annual indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, selected years [1992 = 100] Item 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Business O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s .......... 4 8 .7 6 6 .0 6 0 .5 7 8 .4 C o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r .................. R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ......... 9 0 .5 2002 2003 1 0 1 .7 1 0 4 .5 1 0 6 .5 1 0 9 .3 1 1 2 .4 1 1 5 .7 1 1 8 .3 1 2 4 .0 1 2 9 .6 1 0 6 .0 1 0 9 .5 1 1 3 .0 1 1 9 .7 1 2 5 .4 1 3 4 .2 1 3 9 .7 1 4 7 .8 1 4 7 .9 9 8 .9 9 9 .5 1 0 0 .5 1 0 5 .0 1 0 7 .8 1 1 1 .6 1 1 3 .0 1 1 3 .7 1 15 .1 U n it la b o r c o s t s ....................... 2 8 .4 U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n t s ........... 1 0 4 .3 1 0 4 .8 106 .1 1 0 9 .5 1 1 1 .6 2 4 .9 1 1 6 .0 1 18 .1 1 1 5 .2 1 14 .1 1 0 8 .2 1 1 1 .9 1 1 3 .9 1 0 9 .9 1 0 9 .2 1 0 7 .2 1 0 9 .5 1 1 7 .0 1 2 3 .0 1 0 5 .7 1 0 7 .4 1 0 9 .0 1 0 9 .7 1 1 0 .7 1 1 2 .7 1 1 4 .9 1 1 5 .8 1 1 7 .4 1 29 .1 I m p lic it p r ic e d e f la t o r .............................. 2 7.1 Nonfarm business O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ........... 5 1 .6 C o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ............ 1 4 .4 R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ..................... 6 3 .0 6 7 .7 7 8 .8 U n it la b o r c o s t s ........................... 9 5 .6 U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n t s ................ 2 4 .3 I m p lic it p r ic e d e f la t o r ............................... 2 6 .6 3 1.1 1 0 2 .1 1 0 4 .7 1 0 6 .4 1 0 9 .2 1 1 2 .2 1 1 5 .3 1 1 7 .8 1 2 3 .6 1 0 6 .0 1 0 9 .4 1 1 2 .8 1 1 9 .4 1 2 4 .9 1 3 3 .7 1 3 8 .9 142 .1 9 8 .9 9 9 .4 1 0 0 .3 1 0 4 .7 1 0 7 .3 1 1 1 .2 1 1 2 .4 1 1 3 .2 1 1 4 .4 1 0 3 .8 1 0 4 .5 1 0 6 .0 1 0 9 .3 1 1 1 .3 1 1 6 .0 1 1 8 .0 1 1 5 .0 1 1 3 .9 1 0 9 .2 1 1 2 .1 1 1 4 .6 1 1 0 .9 1 1 0 .8 1 0 8 .8 1 1 1 .1 1 1 9 .0 1 2 4 .8 1 0 5 .8 1 0 7 .3 109 .1 1 0 9 .9 1 1 1 .1 1 1 3 .3 1 1 5 .4 1 1 6 .4 1 1 7 .9 1 0 3 .4 107 .1 1 0 9 .8 1 1 2 .8 1 1 6 .4 1 2 0 .6 1 2 2 .7 1 2 8 .9 1 3 6 .3 1 0 5 .4 1 0 8 .4 1 1 1 .7 1 1 7 .9 1 2 3 .3 1 3 1 .7 1 3 7 .0 1 40 .1 1 4 5 .9 Nonfinancial corporations O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f a ll e m p lo y e e s .......... 5 6 .6 C o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ................. 16.1 R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r .............. 7 0 .3 T o ta l u n it c o s t s ....................... 7 0 .4 8 5 .3 1 4 7 .0 9 8 .3 9 8 .5 9 9 .3 1 0 3 .4 1 0 5 .9 2 6 .9 1 0 9 .5 1 1 0 .8 1 1 1 .5 1 1 3 .5 U n it la b o r c o s t s .......................... 1 0 1 .8 1 0 0 .9 1 0 1 .2 1 0 3 .2 1 0 4 .6 2 8 .4 1 0 8 .0 1 1 1 .2 1 0 9 .4 1 0 7 .4 U n it n o n la b o r c o s t s ........................ 1 0 2 .0 1 0 1 .2 1 0 1 .7 1 0 4 .5 1 0 6 .0 1 0 9 .2 2 3 .0 1 1 1 .6 1 0 8 .6 1 0 7 .0 1 0 1 .3 9 9 .9 9 9 .8 9 9 .9 1 0 1 .0 1 0 4 .8 1 1 0 .2 1 1 1 .5 1 0 8 .4 U n it p r o fit s ...................................... 1 3 6 .9 1 4 9 .9 U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n t s ................................ 1 5 4 .4 1 3 7 .5 1 2 9 .8 3 0.1 1 0 9 .3 9 1 .4 1 1 1 .4 1 3 4 .2 I m p lic it p r ic e d e f la t o r .............................. 1 1 0 .8 1 1 3 .3 1 1 4 .4 1 0 9 .9 1 0 8 .7 2 8 .9 1 06 .1 1 0 5 .2 1 1 1 .5 1 1 5 .3 1 0 4 .9 1 0 5 .3 1 0 5 .9 1 0 6 .3 1 0 6 .9 108.1 1 0 9 .5 1 0 9 .6 1 0 9 .8 Manufacturing O u t p u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e r s o n s ................. 4 1 .8 5 4 .2 1 1 0 .1 C o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ................... 1 1 3 .9 1 1 7 .9 1 2 3 .5 1 2 8 .2 1 3 4 .2 1 4 .9 137.1 2 3 .7 147 .1 1 5 4 .6 1 0 7 .7 1 0 9 .9 1 1 2 .0 1 1 8 .8 1 2 3 .8 1 3 5 .0 6 5 .0 7 9 .2 1 3 8 .3 1 4 3 .8 1 5 1 .9 1 0 0 .5 9 9 .8 9 9 .7 1 0 4 .2 1 0 6 .3 1 1 2 .3 1 1 1 .8 1 1 4 .5 1 1 8 .2 9 7 .8 9 6 .5 9 5 .0 9 6 .2 9 6 .6 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .8 9 7 .8 9 8 .2 1 0 7 .6 1 1 0 .4 1 1 0 .5 1 04 .1 1 0 5 .0 1 0 7 .0 1 0 5 .8 1 0 3 .9 1 0 5 .2 1 0 4 .6 1 0 1 .1 101.81 1 0 4 .6 1 0 3 .9 1 R e a l c o m p e n s a t io n p e r h o u r ................... U n it la b o r c o s t s ............................... 3 5 .6 U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n t s .................... 2 6 .8 2 9 .3 3 0 .2 I 3 5 .0 1 I m p lic it p r ic e d e f la t o r .................................. D a s h in d ic a t e s d a t a n o t a v a ila b le . 116 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 7 9 .9 9 9 .5 _ “ 51. Annual indexes of output per hour for selected NAICS industries, 1990-2002 [1 99 7 = 100] ____________________________________________ _________________________ 1 1 9 .3 9 6 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 4 .6 1 0 5 .9 1 0 6 .8 1 0 9 .0 1 1 1 .7 8 8 .2 9 4 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 6 .5 1 1 0 .3 1 1 5 .8 1 1 4 .4 1 1 2 .2 9 8 .5 9 5 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 9 .5 1 1 2 .7 1 2 4 .4 1 3 1 .8 1 4 3 .9 9 7 .3 97.1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .3 1 0 1 .2 9 6 .2 9 9 .3 1 0 3 .8 9 4 .0 6 8 .1 6 9 .3 7 5 .3 7 9 .9 8 3 .9 M e ta l o r e m in in g ............................................................... 7 9 .9 8 2 .7 9 1 .7 1 0 2 .2 104.1 N o n m e t a llic m in e ra l m in in g a n d q u a r r y in g ............... 9 2 .3 8 9 .5 96.1 9 3 .6 9 6 .9 2123 1 1 2 .3 1 1 7 .4 9 3 .0 C o a l m in in g ........................................................................ 2122 1 0 7 .7 1 1 5 .2 8 9 .9 8 6 .8 2121 1 0 9 .5 1 0 7 .9 9 8 .9 8 0 .0 M in in g , e x c e p t o il a n d g a s ............................................. 1 1 1 .1 1 0 1 .6 1 0 1 .7 9 5 .5 7 9 .3 212 1 0 3 .4 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .8 9 0 .3 8 1 .9 O il a n d g a s e x t r a c t io n .................................................... 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .6 85.1 9 5 .2 7 8 .8 211 2002 9 6 .2 8 6 .8 7 8 .4 M in in g .................................................................................. 2001 1997 8 6 .0 21 2000 1996 1993 1990 1999 1995 1992 industry 1998 1994 1991 NAICS Mining Utilities 2211 P o w e r g e n e r a tio n a n d s u p p ly ....................................... 7 1 .2 7 3 .8 7 4 .2 7 8 .7 8 3 .0 8 8 .6 9 5 .5 1 0 0 .0 1 0 3 .8 104.1 1 0 7 .0 1 0 6 .4 1 0 2 .4 2212 N a tu r a l g a s d is tr ib u t io n ................................................... 7 1 .4 7 2 .7 7 5 .8 7 9 .8 8 2.1 8 9 .0 96.1 1 0 0 .0 99.1 103.1 113 .1 1 1 0 .0 1 1 4 .9 Manufacturing 3111 A n im a l f o o d ........................................................................ 90.1 8 9 .3 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 8 7 .3 9 4 .0 8 7 .5 1 0 0 .0 1 0 9 .4 1 0 9 .5 1 0 9 .7 1 2 7 .2 3112 G r a in a n d o ils e e d m illin g ................................................ 8 9 .0 9 1 .2 9 1.1 9 3 .8 9 4 .7 99.1 9 1 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 7 .5 1 1 4 .2 1 1 2 .5 1 1 7 .3 3113 S u g a r a n d c o n f e c tio n e r y p r o d u c t s ............................. 9 1 .0 9 3 .8 9 0 .5 9 2 .5 9 4 .0 9 4 .3 9 8 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 0 4 .0 107.1 1 1 1 .9 1 0 9 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 6 .8 1 0 8 .4 1 0 9 .8 1 1 7 .0 1 0 0 .0 9 9.1 9 4 .5 9 6 .0 9 6 .2 3114 3115 F r u it a n d v e g e t a b le p r e s e r v in g a n d s p e c ia lt y ......... D a ir y p r o d u c t s ................................................................... 8 6 .4 8 9 .7 9 0 .7 9 3 .8 9 4 .9 97.1 9 8 .2 9 0 .8 92.1 9 5 .4 9 3 .9 9 5 .4 9 8 .7 9 8 .0 1 0 1 .5 1 0 0 .9 9 7 .4 9 8 .5 9 4 .3 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .3 1 0 1 .9 1 0 2 .7 1 1 5 .3 1 1 3 .9 114.1 1 0 8 .4 1 1 6 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 1 7 .0 1 3 0 .2 1 3 7 .6 1 4 7 .3 3116 A n im a l s la u g h te r in g a n d p r o c e s s in g .......................... 9 4 .5 9 6 .8 3117 S e a f o o d p r o d u c t p r e p a r a t io n a n d p a c k a g in g .......... 1 1 7 .5 1 1 2 .0 3118 B a k e r ie s a n d to rtilla m a n u f a c t u r in g ............................ 9 2 .6 9 2 .3 9 5 .6 9 6 .0 9 6 .7 9 9 .7 9 7 .7 1 0 0 .0 1 0 3 .8 1 0 5 .4 1 0 5 .3 1 0 6 .3 3119 O t h e r fo o d p r o d u c t s ......................................................... 9 1 .9 9 3 .5 9 5 .9 1 0 2 .8 1 0 0 .3 1 0 1 .3 1 0 3 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 6 .9 1 0 8 .8 1 1 0 .2 1 0 3 .2 3121 B e v e r a g e s ....... .................................................................. 8 6 .5 90.1 9 3 .8 9 3 .2 9 7 .7 9 9 .6 1 0 1 .1 1 0 0 .0 9 8 .5 9 2 .4 9 0 .6 9 1 .7 3122 T o b a c c o a n d t o b a c c o p r o d u c t s ................................... 8 1 .4 7 7 .3 7 9 .6 7 3 .7 8 9 .8 9 7 .5 9 9 .4 1 0 0 .0 98.1 92.1 9 8 .0 1 0 0 .0 3131 F ib e r , y a r n , a n d th r e a d m ills ......................................... 7 3 .9 7 4 .7 80.1 8 4 .6 8 7 .2 9 2 .0 9 8 .7 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .2 1 0 4 .6 1 0 2 .6 1 1 0 .5 - _ - - - 3132 F a b r ic m ills ......................................................................... 7 5 .0 7 7 .7 8 1 .5 8 5 .0 9 1 .9 9 5 .8 9 8 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 3 .9 1 0 9 .8 1 1 0 .2 109 .1 - 3133 T e x t ile a n d f a b r ic fin is h in g m ills ................................... 8 1 .7 8 0 .4 8 3 .7 8 6 .0 8 7 .8 8 4 .5 8 5 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .6 1 0 1 .7 1 0 4 .0 1 0 9 .7 - 3141 T e x tile f u r n is h in g s m ills ................................................. 8 8 .2 8 8 .6 9 3 .0 9 3 .7 9 0.1 9 2 .5 9 3 .3 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .9 1 0 1 .2 1 0 6 .8 1 0 6 .9 9 6 .3 1 0 0 .0 9 7 .0 1 1 0 .4 1 1 0 .4 1 0 5 .0 1 2 1 .9 1 0 0 .0 9 6 .6 1 0 2 .0 1 1 0 .2 1 0 8 .4 3149 O th e r te x tile p r o d u c t m ills v 9 1.1 9 0 .0 9 2 .0 9 0 .3 9 4 .5 9 5 .9 3 15 1 A p p a r e l k n ittin g m ills ....................................................... 8 5 .6 8 8 .7 9 3 .2 1 0 2 .5 1 0 4 .3 1 0 9 .5 3152 C u t a n d s e w a p p a r e l....................................................... 70.1 7 2 .0 73.1 7 6 .6 8 0 .5 8 5 .5 9 0 .5 1 0 0 .0 1 0 4 .0 1 1 8 .8 1 2 7 .7 1 3 1 .7 3159 A c c e s s o r ie s a n d o th e r a p p a r e l.................................... 1 0 0 .9 9 7 .3 9 8 .7 9 9 .0 1 0 4 .6 1 1 2 .4 1 1 2 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 1 0 .8 1 0 3 .3 1 0 4 .9 1 1 4 .8 3161 L e a th e r a n d h id e ta n n in g a n d f in is h in g .................... 6 0 .8 5 6 .6 7 6 .7 8 3.1 7 5 .9 7 8 .6 9 1 .5 1 0 0 .0 9 8 .0 1 0 1 .6 1 1 0 .0 1 0 9 .7 - “ ~ 3162 F o o t w e a r ............................................................................. 77.1 7 4 .7 83.1 8 1 .7 9 0 .4 9 5 .6 1 0 3 .4 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .9 1 1 6 .8 124 .1 1 4 2 .7 - 3169 O th e r le a th e r p r o d u c t s ................................................... 1 0 2 .5 1 0 0 .2 9 7 .0 9 4 .3 8 0 .0 7 3 .2 7 9 .7 1 0 0 .0 1 0 9 .2 1 0 0 .4 1 0 7 .6 114.1 - 3211 S a w m ills a n d w o o d p r e s e r v a t io n ................................ 7 9 .2 8 1 .6 8 6 .1 8 2 .6 85.1 9 1 .0 9 6 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .8 1 0 5 .4 1 0 6 .5 1 0 9 .0 3212 P ly w o o d a n d e n g in e e r e d w o o d p r o d u c t s ................. 1 0 2 .3 1 0 7 .4 1 1 4 .7 1 0 8 .9 1 0 5 .8 1 0 1 .8 1 0 1 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .6 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .5 1 0 5 .0 “ 3219 O th e r w o o d p r o d u c t s ...................................................... 1 0 5 .4 1 0 4 .7 1 0 4 .0 1 0 3 .0 9 9 .3 1 0 0 .4 1 0 0 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .5 1 0 5 .4 1 0 4 .0 1 0 4 .6 _ 103.1 1 1 1 .4 1 1 5 .7 1 1 7 .5 3 22 1 P u lp , p a p e r , a n d p a p e r b o a r d m ills ............................. 8 8 .5 8 8 .1 9 2 .3 9 2 .9 9 7 .6 9 0 .5 9 3 .5 9 3 .7 9 6 .3 9 7 .6 9 7 .2 9 8 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .7 1 0 1 .5 1 0 1 .9 1 0 1 .0 — 9 9 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .5 1 0 3 .5 1 0 4 .9 1 0 5 .6 - 1 0 2 .0 9 7 .6 1 0 0 .0 3231 P r in tin g a n d r e la te d s u p p o r t a c tiv itie s ....................... 9 6 .6 9 5 .4 1 0 1 .3 1 0 0 .1 9 8 .3 9 8 .8 3241 P e tr o le u m a n d c o a l p r o d u c t s ....................................... 7 6 .7 7 5 .8 7 8 .9 8 4 .5 8 5 .6 9 0.1 9 4 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .1 1 0 7 .8 1 1 3 .2 1 1 2 .2 “ 3251 B a s ic c h e m ic a ls ................................................................ 9 1 .4 90.1 8 9 .4 8 9 .9 95.1 9 2 .3 9 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .5 1 1 4 .7 1 1 8 .4 1 1 1 .0 — 7 5 .8 7 4 .7 8 0 .6 8 3 .8 9 3 .5 9 5 .9 9 3 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .5 1 0 8 .8 108.1 1 0 3 .8 - 3253 A g r ic u ltu r a l c h e m ic a ls .................................................... 8 4 .6 8 1 .0 8 1 .3 8 5 .6 8 7 .4 9 0 .7 92.1 1 0 0 .0 9 8 .8 8 7 .6 9 1 .4 91.1 - 3254 P h a r m a c e u t ic a ls a n d m e d ic in e s ................................ 9 1 .4 9 2 .6 8 8 .2 8 8 .1 9 2 .4 9 6 .3 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .0 9 2 .9 9 4 .6 9 3 .4 9 7 .4 “ 3255 P a in t s , c o a tin g s , a n d a d h e s iv e s .................................. 85.1 8 5 .9 8 7 .6 9 0 .9 9 4.1 9 2 .7 9 8 .3 1 0 0 .0 99.1 9 8 .8 9 8 .5 1 0 2 .1 3256 S o a p , c le a n in g c o m p o u n d s , a n d t o ile t r ie s ............... 8 3 .2 8 4 .2 8 3 .4 8 6 .9 8 8 .6 9 3 .9 9 5 .6 1 0 0 .0 9 6 .6 91.1 9 9 .2 1 0 2 .7 9 9 .4 1 0 9 .2 1 2 0 .0 3259 O th e r c h e m ic a l p ro d u c ts a n d p r e p a r a t io n s ............. 3 ? fi1 7 6 .6 7 8 .0 8 4 .7 9 0 .6 9 2 .6 9 4 .4 9 4 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 1 1 .3 - 8 4 .7 8 6 .3 9 0 .3 9 1 .9 9 4 .4 9 4 .5 9 7 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 3 .5 1 0 9 .3 1 1 1 .2 1 1 3 .3 - 3262 R u b b e r p r o d u c t s ............................................................... 8 3 .0 8 3 .8 8 4 .9 9 0 .4 9 0 .3 9 2 .8 9 4 .4 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .5 1 0 1 .4 1 0 3 .9 1 0 4 .2 3271 C la y p ro d u c ts a n d r e f r a c t o r ie s .................................... 8 9 .2 8 7 .5 9 1 .5 9 1 .9 9 6 .6 9 7 .4 1 0 2 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .3 1 0 3 .5 1 0 3 .6 9 7 .6 8 0 .0 79.1 8 4 .3 8 6 .1 8 7 .5 8 8 .8 9 6 .5 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .7 1 0 8 .6 1 0 9 .7 1 0 5 .2 3P7P — 3273 C e m e n t a n d c o n c r e te p r o d u c t s ................................... 9 4 .8 9 3 .7 9 4 .8 9 6 .5 9 5 .0 9 8 .2 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 3 .5 104.1 1 0 0 .4 9 7.1 - 3274 L im e a n d g y p s u m p r o d u c t s ......................................... 8 4.1 8 2 .7 8 8 .5 90.1 8 7 .8 8 8 .8 9 2 .4 1 0 0 .0 113.1 1 0 2 .7 9 7 .0 1 0 0 .1 “ 3279 O th e r n o n m e t a llic m in e ra l p r o d u c t s .......................... 7 9 .8 8 1 .4 9 0 .2 8 9 .3 9 0 .5 9 1 .7 9 6 .5 1 0 0 .0 9 8 .8 9 5 .5 9 5 .6 9 6 .8 “ 3311 Iro n a n d s te e l m ills a n d fe r r o a llo y p r o d u c tio n ......... 6 9 .6 6 7 .2 74.1 8 1 .7 8 7 .2 8 9 .7 94.1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .7 1 0 6 .5 1 0 8 .5 1 0 6 .7 3312 S t e e l p r o d u c ts fro m p u r c h a s e d s t e e l....................... 8 3 .8 8 6 .4 8 9 .9 9 5 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .5 1 0 0 .5 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .3 9 4 .2 9 6 .4 97.1 1 0 4 .3 9 7 .8 3313 3314 O t h e r n o n fe r r o u s m e ta l p r o d u c tio n ............................ 9 1 .9 9 3 .3 9 6 .8 9 6 .0 1 0 0 .3 9 6 .8 9 5 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .1 9 6 .9 - 9 5 .6 9 5 .8 9 8 .8 1 0 1 .8 105.1 1 0 2 .9 1 0 5 .7 1 0 0 .0 1 1 1 .2 1 0 8 .9 103.1 1 0 0 .5 - 8 5 .3 8 4 .5 8 5 .8 8 9 .8 9 1 .4 9 3.1 9 6 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .6 1 0 4 .9 1 0 4 .0 1 0 9 .3 3 32 1 F o r g in g a n d s t a m p in g ................................................... 8 8 .6 8 6 .5 9 1 .7 9 4 .6 9 3 .7 9 4 .2 9 7 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 3 .7 1 1 0 .9 1 2 1 .3 1 2 1 .8 3322 C u t le r y a n d h a n d t o o ls ................................................. 85.1 8 5 .4 8 7 .2 9 1 .7 9 4 .4 9 7 .8 1 0 4 .4 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 7 .8 1 0 5 .8 1 1 0 .2 3315 3325 3327 H a r d w a r e .......................................................................... M a c h in e s h o p s a n d th r e a d e d p r o d u c t s ................... https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - 8 7 .8 89.1 9 2 .5 9 3 .4 9 5.1 9 3 .9 9 4 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .1 1 0 1 .8 1 0 1 .0 1 0 0 .7 - 9 0 .4 9 2 .6 9 5 .3 9 4 .8 1 0 0 .5 9 7 .8 1 0 0 .7 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .3 9 8 .9 9 7 .7 9 8 .2 - 8 4 .4 8 3 .8 8 6 .9 8 9 .6 9 5 .7 9 7 .3 1 0 2 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .0 1 0 6 .5 1 1 5 .8 1 1 4 .6 - 8 5 .2 8 8 .4 9 0 .9 9 5 .3 9 1 .5 9 9 .5 1 0 2 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 1 1 .6 1 1 2 .9 1 1 4 .6 1 1 0 .6 - 7 8 .8 7 9 .8 8 7 .2 8 6 .9 9 1 .6 9 8 .7 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .3 1 0 3 .9 1 0 7 .2 1 0 7 .2 - Monthly Labor Review October 2004 117 Labor Statistics: I . Productivity Data tinued— Annual indexes of output per hour for selected naics industries, 1990-2002 1997= 10 N A IC S 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 C o a tin g , e n g r a v in g , a n d h e a t tre a tin g m e ta ls ...... 8 1 .6 78.1 8 6 .9 9 1 .9 9 6 .5 3329 1 0 2 .8 1 0 2 .9 1 0 0 .0 O th e r f a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c t s ............... 1 0 1 .7 1 0 1 .5 85 9 1 0 5 .9 86 7 9 0 .6 92.1 9 5 .0 3 33 1 97.1 9 8 .9 1 0 0 .0 A g r ic u ltu r e , c o n s tr u c t io n , a n d m in in g m a c h in e r y 1 0 2 .3 1 0 0 .2 8 2 .8 7 7 .2 7 9 .6 84.1 9 1 .0 9 5 .6 9 5 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 4 .2 9 5 .0 1 0 1 .0 7 9 .5 8 4 .9 9 0 .0 9 7 .9 9 8 .8 1 0 0 .0 9 4 .4 1 0 5 .2 1 2 9 .7 1 0 3 .0 1 0 6 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 7 .5 1 1 1 .2 1 0 1 .4 3328 3332 In d u s try 1990 1991 In d u s tria l m a c h in e r y ....................... 3333 C o m m e r c ia l a n d s e r v ic e in d u s try m a c h in e r y ......... 9 1 .4 8 9 .6 9 6 .5 1 0 1 .7 1 0 1 .2 3334 H V A C a n d c o m m e r c ia l r e frig e ra tio n e q u ip m e n t 8 8 .2 9 0 .8 9 3 .8 9 7 .3 1 0 0 .8 3335 9 7 .8 M e ta lw o r k in g m a c h in e r y ......................... 8 8 .8 f if i 3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 6 .6 1 1 0 .4 1 0 8 .3 8 9 .3 8 9 .3 9 4 .0 99.1 3336 98.1 1 0 0 .0 9 9.1 T u r b in e a n d p o w e r t r a n s m is s io n e q u ip m e n t ......... 1 0 0 .5 1 0 6 .4 85.1 8 4 .6 8 1 .2 8 4 .8 9 3 .3 92.1 3339 9 7 .9 1 0 0 .0 O th e r g e n e r a l p u r p o s e m a c h in e r y ............................ 1 0 6 .4 1 1 3 .3 117.1 85 9 85 P 85.1 8 9 .8 9 1 .5 9 4 .6 95.1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 3 .2 1 0 5 .6 1 1 3 .0 3341 C o m p u t e r a n d p e r ip h e r a l e q u ip m e n t ....................... 14 8 15 8 2 0 .6 2 7 .9 3 5 .9 5 1 .3 7 2 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 3 8 .6 1 9 0 .3 2 2 5 .4 3342 C o m m u n ic a t io n s e q u ip m e n t...................... 47 3 5 9 .3 62.1 70.1 7 4 .6 8 4 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .7 1 3 4 .0 9 6 .6 1 6 5 .5 3343 A u d io a n d v id e o e q u ip m e n t ................................ 75 5 8P 8 92.1 9 8 .8 1 0 8 .5 3344 1 4 0 .0 1 0 4 .7 1 0 0 .0 103.1 S e m ic o n d u c t o r s a n d e le c t r o n ic c o m p o n e n t s ......... 1 1 6 .2 1 2 3 .3 2 1 .4 2 4 .5 2 9 .6 34.1 43.1 6 3 .4 8 1 .8 1 0 0 .0 E le c t r o n ic in s t r u m e n ts ................................ 1 2 5 .2 76 n 1 7 4 .5 2 3 3 .3 83.1 8 5 .8 8 8 .8 9 6 .8 9 7 .7 M a g n e t ic m e d ia m a n u fa c t u r in g a n d re p r o d u c tio n 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .3 105.1 1 1 4 .3 8 6 .6 9 1 .2 9 3 .0 9 6 .8 106.1 1 0 6 .7 1 0 3 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .4 1 0 6 .8 1 0 4 .0 8 7 .3 8 8 .5 3345 3346 3 35 1 E le c tr ic lig h tin g e q u ip m e n t ............ 3352 H o u s e h o ld a p p lia n c e s .................................... 78 4 3353 E le c tr ic a l e q u ip m e n t ............................. 7 3 .6 3359 O th e r e le c t r ic a l e q u ip m e n t a n d c o m p o n e n t s ......... 3 36 1 M o t o r v e h ic le s ............................. 3362 9 3 .6 9 0 .8 9 4 .5 9 2 .2 9 5 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 3 .8 1 0 2 .5 1 0 1 .9 8 2 .4 8 8 .9 9 5 .0 9 2 .7 93.1 1 0 0 .0 105.1 1 0 4 .3 1 1 7 .5 8 5 .8 8 9 .0 98.1 1 0 0 .2 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .8 9 8 .9 1 0 0 .6 8 6 .8 8 9 .4 9 2 .0 9 6 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .5 1 1 4 .8 1 2 0 .5 8 9 .8 9 0 .3 8 8 .6 9 1 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 1 3 .3 1 2 3 .3 1 1 0 .4 7 2 .7 7 8 .9 7 5 .3 7 4 .2 8 1 .6 8 6 .0 8 2 .4 9 1 .2 M o t o r v e h ic le b o d ie s a n d t r a ile r s ...................... 7 5 .8 7 1 .8 8 8 .3 9 6 .3 9 7 .7 3363 9 7 .3 9 8 .4 M o t o r v e h ic le p a r t s ....................... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .7 7 5 .7 7 4 .5 8 2 .4 8 8 .5 9 1 .8 3364 9 2 .3 93.1 1 0 0 .0 A e r o s p a c e p r o d u c ts a n d p a r t s ..................... 1 0 4 .8 1 1 0 .4 1 1 2 .7 8 7 .7 92.1 94.1 9 8 .2 9 3 .8 9 3 .7 98.1 1 0 0 .0 1 1 8 .5 1 1 8 .0 1 0 1 .0 81.1 8 2 .3 83.1 8 2 .0 8 0 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .9 1 1 6 .0 1 1 7 .7 9 8 .5 1 0 1 .3 9 9 .0 93.1 94.1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .3 1 1 2 .2 1 2 0 .1 3365 R a ilr o a d r o llin g s t o c k .................... 77 P 3366 S h ip a n d b o a t b u ild in g ................................. 9 9 .6 9 2 .6 103.1 9 8 .4 3369 O th e r tr a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t.................. 62 6 6P n 8 8 .4 9 9 .8 9 3 .4 93.1 3 37 1 9 9 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 1 0 .8 H o u s e h o ld a n d in s titu tio n a l fu r n it u r e ................... 1 1 3 .3 1 3 0 .9 87 6 88 P 9 2 .9 9 3 .8 94.1 97.1 3372 9 9 .5 1 0 0 .0 O f fic e f u rn itu re a n d f ix t u r e s .................... 1 0 2 .7 1 0 3 .7 1 0 2 .5 8 0 .8 7 8 .8 8 6 .2 8 7 .9 8 3 .4 3379 8 4 .3 8 5 .6 1 0 0 .0 O t h e r fu r n itu r e - r e la te d p r o d u c t s ................ 1 0 0 .1 9 8 .5 8 8 .1 8 8 .6 8 8 .4 9 0 .5 9 3 .6 3 39 1 9 4 .5 9 6 .7 1 0 0 .0 M e d ic a l e q u ip m e n t a n d s u p p lie s ................... 1 0 7 .2 1 0 2 .5 1 0 0 .1 8 1 .2 83.1 8 8 .1 91.1 9 0 .8 9 5 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 O th e r m is c e lla n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r in g ...................... 1 0 8 .9 1 0 9 .6 1 1 4 .2 90.1 9 0 .6 9 0 .0 9 2 .3 9 3 .0 9 6 .0 9 9 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .9 1 0 5 .2 1 1 2 .9 3399 1 0 0 .2 W h o le s a le tra d e 42 W h o le s a le t r a d e .................................... 7 7 .8 79.1 8 6 .2 8 9 .5 9 1 .3 9 3 .3 9 6 .2 423 1 0 0 .0 D u r a b le g o o d s ....................................... 1 0 4 .4 1 1 0 .9 114.1 6 5 .7 6 6 .1 7 5 .0 8 0 .5 8 4 .5 8 8 .9 4231 9 4 .0 1 0 0 .0 M o to r v e h ic le s a n d p a r t s ................... 1 0 5 .6 1 1 5 .3 1 1 9 .6 7 6 .6 7 3 .3 8 2 .2 8 8 .0 94.1 4232 9 3 .6 9 4 .9 F u r n itu r e a n d f u r n is h in g s .............................. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 4 .7 1 1 9 .8 1 1 4 .0 8 2 .4 8 7 .2 9 2 .0 9 5 .8 9 3 .3 9 6 .8 4233 9 7 .0 1 0 0 .0 9 7 .5 L u m b e r a n d c o n s tr u c t io n s u p p lie s ....................... 1 0 0 .8 1 0 5 .5 1 1 5 .0 1 1 3 .2 1 1 9 .6 1 1 3 .9 1 1 1 .9 1 0 3 .6 1 0 3 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .9 1 0 4 .8 1 0 1 .7 4234 C o m m e r c ia l e q u ip m e n t............................. 3 3 .8 3 7 .3 4 8 .2 5 6 .2 6 0 .5 7 4 .7 8 8 .4 4235 1 0 0 .0 1 1 8 .2 M e t a ls a n d m in e r a ls ................................ 141.1 1 4 8 .9 1 0 1 .6 1 0 2 .6 109.1 1 1 1 .7 1 1 0 .1 1 0 1 .2 1 0 2 .7 4236 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .4 E le c tr ic g o o d s ................................... 9 6 .0 48 8 9 9 .2 5 1 .4 59.1 4237 6 8 .2 7 9 .3 H a r d w a r e a n d p lu m b in g ............................. 8 7 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .9 1 2 6 .2 1 5 1 .7 8 8 .8 8 6 .5 9 5 .6 9 4 .3 1 0 1 .3 9 8 .0 4238 99.1 1 0 0 .0 M a c h in e r y a n d s u p p lie s ................................. 1 0 3 .5 1 0 7 .8 1 1 1 .1 7 8 .9 7 4 .2 7 9 .7 8 4 .3 8 5 .4 8 9 .7 9 3 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 4 .2 1 0 1 .4 104.1 4239 M is c e lla n e o u s d u r a b le g o o d s ...................... 8 9 .5 9 6 .6 1 1 2 .1 1 1 3 .2 106.1 9 9 .2 1 0 1 .0 1 0 0 .0 N o n d u r a b le g o o d s ....................... 1 0 1 .8 1 1 2 .6 1 1 6 .7 9 8 .4 9 9 .8 1 0 3 .2 1 0 3 .0 1 0 1 .8 9 9 .7 9 9 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .8 104.1 1 0 3 .5 1 0 5 .5 424 4241 P a p e r a n d p a p e r p r o d u c ts ...................................... 8 1 .0 8 5 .5 9 6 .5 9 7 .2 4242 1 0 1 .5 9 9 .0 D r u g g is ts ' g o o d s ....................................... 9 6 .5 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .4 1 0 5 .5 8 1 .8 8 6 .6 9 1 .8 8 9 .3 9 2 .8 9 5 .4 4243 9 8 .3 A p p a r e l a n d p ie c e g o o d s ....................... 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .6 1 0 1 .7 9 6 .8 1 0 3 .9 1 0 3 .3 1 0 0 .1 9 7 .7 1 0 3 .8 9 2 .2 9 9 .0 1 0 0 .0 104.1 1 0 3 .5 1 0 2 .7 4244 G r o c e r y a n d r e la te d p r o d u c t s ................... 9 6 .4 9 8 .2 1 0 3 .6 105.1 1 0 3 .3 1 0 3 .0 4245 9 9 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .9 F a r m p r o d u c t ra w m a t e r ia ls ................... 1 0 3 .6 1 0 5 .2 8 0 .6 8 5 .9 8 5 .9 8 4 .0 8 0 .4 8 7 .7 9 0 .6 4246 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .4 C h e m ic a ls ...................................... 1 1 4 .2 107 3 1 1 9 .0 1 0 6 .6 1 1 2 .5 1 1 0 .0 1 1 0 .5 1 0 2 .1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .3 4247 P e t r o le u m ............................................ 9 8 .0 9 5 .8 1 1 8 .3 119.1 1 1 5 .8 1 0 8 .7 4248 1 0 5 .9 1 0 0 .0 A lc o h o lic b e v e r a g e s ......................... 1 1 5 .0 1 1 2 .0 1 1 2 .5 1 0 9 .4 1 1 1 .2 1 0 7 .4 1 0 5 .6 1 0 5 .9 1 0 2 .5 1 0 4 .5 1 0 0 .0 1 0 9 .7 1 1 0 .1 1 1 1 .0 M is c e lla n e o u s n o n d u r a b le g o o d s ................ 1 0 7 .3 9 8 .2 9 3 .9 9 7 .5 9 4 .8 9 6 .2 9 8 .7 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .7 9 9 .6 1 0 6 .2 8 8 .0 91.1 9 5 .7 1 0 0 .0 1 0 4 .6 1 1 4 .4 124.1 4249 425 E le c t r o n ic m a r k e ts a n d a g e n t s a n d b r o k e r s .......... 7 0 .7 7 3 .6 8 1 .5 8 5 .9 42511 B u s in e s s to b u s in e s s e le c t r o n ic m a r k e ts .................. 7 0 .4 7 2 .6 8 0 .3 8 4 .8 42512 8 8 .3 9 0 .5 9 5 .3 1 0 0 .0 W h o le s a le tr a d e a g e n t s a n d b r o k e r s .................... 1 0 3 .5 1 2 1 .7 1 4 1 .3 7 0 .8 7 4 .0 8 2 .3 8 6 .8 8 8 .4 9 1 .8 96.1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 4 .8 1 1 0 .5 1 1 5 .7 8 6 .8 8 9 .4 9 2 .8 9 4 .7 9 7 .7 1 1 0 .3 1 1 4 .2 9 2 .6 9 4 .0 9 6 .9 9 7 .0 9 8 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .7 1 0 6 .4 1 0 7 .2 9 4 .8 9 6 .0 9 8 .0 9 7 .2 9 8 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .7 1 0 6 .4 R etail tra d e 4 4 -4 5 441 4411 R e ta il t r a d e ......................................... 83 ? M o t o r v e h ic le a n d p a r ts d e a le r s ......................... 8 9 .7 A u to m o b ile d e a le r s ................................ 9? 1 8 8 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 4 .3 1 0 6 .6 4412 O th e r m o to r v e h ic le d e a le r s ...................... 6 9 .0 7 1 .7 7 8 .3 84.1 9 0 .2 9 1 .0 4413 9 7 .7 1 0 0 .0 A u to p a rts , a c c e s s o r ie s , a n d tire s t o r e s ................ 1 0 5 .9 1 1 3 .0 1 0 8 .6 8 5 .0 8 4 .0 89.1 9 0 .6 9 5 .4 9 7 .9 9 8 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .7 1 1 0 .0 1 1 2 .0 442 F u r n itu r e a n d h o m e fu r n is h in g s s t o r e s ...................... 8 0 .7 81.1 8 8 .1 8 8 .3 9 0 .4 9 9 .4 4421 1 0 0 .0 F u r n itu r e s t o r e s ............................... 1 0 1 .7 1 0 9 .6 1 1 5 .7 8 2.1 8 3 .5 8 9 .0 8 9 .0 8 8 .9 9 2 .5 4422 9 7 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .1 H o m e f u r n is h in g s s t o r e s ............................. 1 0 8 .2 1 1 4 .8 7 8 .5 7 7 .6 8 6 .8 8 7 .2 92.1 9 5 .9 1 0 1 .3 443 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .3 1 1 1 .4 E le c t r o n ic s a n d a p p lia n c e s t o r e s ................................ 1 1 6 .8 4 6 .0 4 9 .2 5 6 .9 6 5 .5 7 7 .6 8 9 .2 9 5 .0 444 1 0 0 .0 1 2 2 .9 1 5 2 .2 B u ild in g m a te ria l a n d g a r d e n s u p p ly s t o r e s ............. 1 7 7 .7 8 1 .8 8 0 .2 8 4 .0 8 8 .0 9 3 .7 9 3 .7 9 7 .5 1 0 0 .0 1 0 6 .7 1 1 2 .3 113.1 nthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 94.1 51. Continued - Annual indexes of output per hour for selected naics industries, 1990-2002 [1 9 9 7 = 1 0 0 ] Industry NAICS 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1996 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 4441 B u ild in g m a te ria l a n d s u p p lie s d e a le r s ...................... 8 3 .2 8 0 .7 8 4 .7 89.1 9 4 .8 9 4 .8 9 7 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 7 .6 1 1 3 .7 1 1 3 .8 1 1 5 .3 1 1 9 .8 4442 L a w n a n d g a r d e n e q u ip m e n t a n d s u p p lie s s to r e s 7 4 .5 7 7 .5 8 0 .2 8 1 .5 8 6 .9 8 7 .0 97.1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .2 1 0 3 .5 1 0 8 .2 1 1 9 .4 1 2 1 .2 445 F o o d a n d b e v e r a g e s t o r e s ............................................ 107.1 1 0 6 .6 1 0 6 .9 1 0 5 .4 1 0 4 .3 1 0 2 .5 1 0 0 .3 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .9 1 0 3 .7 105.1 1 0 7 .6 1 1 0 .3 4 45 1 G r o c e r y s t o r e s ................................................................... 1 0 6 .5 1 0 6 .6 1 0 6 .7 1 0 5 .9 1 0 4 .9 1 0 3 .0 1 0 0 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .3 1 0 4 .3 1 0 4 .9 1 0 7 .5 1 1 0 .3 4452 S p e c ia lt y fo o d s t o r e s ...................................................... 1 2 2 .9 1 1 5 .0 1 1 1 .4 1 0 7 .6 1 0 4 .5 1 0 1 .1 9 5 .5 1 0 0 .0 9 5 .0 9 9 .6 1 0 5 .6 1 1 0 .8 1 1 4 .2 4453 B e e r , w in e a n d liq u o r s t o r e s ......................................... 1 0 0 .1 1 0 0 .2 1 0 1 .0 9 4 .4 9 2 .9 9 6 .2 103.1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .8 9 9 .8 1 1 1 .1 1 1 0 .4 1 1 1 .8 446 H e a lth a n d p e r s o n a l c a r e s t o r e s ................................. 9 2 .0 9 1 .6 9 0 .7 9 1 .9 9 1 .8 9 3 .0 9 5 .7 1 0 0 .0 104.1 1 0 6 .9 1 1 1 .4 1 1 2 .7 1 1 8 .8 447 G a s o lin e s t a t io n s ............................................................. 8 4 .8 8 5 .7 8 8 .5 9 2 .8 9 6 .8 9 9 .7 9 9 .4 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .6 1 1 0 .6 1 0 6 .5 1 0 9 .8 1 1 7 .5 448 C lo t h in g a n d c lo t h in g a c c e s s o r ie s s t o r e s ................. 6 9 .5 7 0 .5 7 5 .3 7 8 .9 8 3 .3 9 1 .2 9 7 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .4 1 1 2 .8 1 2 0 .3 1 2 3 .5 1 2 9 .0 4481 C lo t h in g s t o r e s ................................................................. 6 8 .9 7 1 .4 77.1 7 9 .2 8 1 .9 90.1 97.1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 6 .7 1 1 3 .3 1 2 0 .9 1 2 5 .2 1 3 2 .7 1 2 0 .0 4482 S h o e s t o r e s ....................................................................... 7 3 .7 73.1 7 8 .2 7 9 .2 8 8 .3 9 3 .7 1 0 2 .4 1 0 0 .0 9 7 .8 1 0 4 .9 1 0 9 .6 1 1 5 .8 4483 J e w e lr y , lu g g a g e , a n d le a th e r g o o d s s t o r e s ............ 6 8 .6 6 4 .5 6 5 .0 77.1 8 5 .0 94.1 9 7 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 7 .0 1 1 8 .3 1 2 8 .0 1 2 2 .5 1 2 1 .5 451 S p o r t in g g o o d s , h o b b y , b o o k , a n d m u s ic s to re s ... 8 0 .8 8 5 .6 8 3 .8 8 4 .0 8 7 .2 9 3 .0 9 4 .7 1 0 0 .0 1 0 8 .7 1 1 4 .9 1 2 1 .1 1 2 5 .4 1 3 2 .9 4511 S p o r t in g g o o d s a n d m u s ic a l in s t r u m e n t s to r e s .... 77.1 8 2 .8 7 9 .8 8 0 .6 8 3 .9 9 2 .3 9 2 .5 1 0 0 .0 1 1 2 .9 1 2 0 .4 1 2 8 .3 1 3 0 .4 1 3 7 .9 4512 B o o k , p e r io d ic a l, a n d m u s ic s t o r e s ............................. 8 9 .0 9 1 .8 9 2 .5 9 1 .6 9 4 .5 9 4 .5 9 9 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .0 1 0 4 .7 1 0 8 .0 1 1 6 .0 1 2 3 .8 452 G e n e r a l m e r c h a n d is e s t o r e s ........................................ 7 5 .3 7 9 .0 8 3 .0 8 8 .5 9 0 .6 9 2 .2 9 6 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .0 113.1 1 1 9 .9 1 2 4 .2 1 3 0 .5 4521 D e p a r t m e n t s t o r e s ........................................................... 8 4 .0 8 8 .3 9 1 .6 9 5 .0 95.1 9 4 .7 9 8 .4 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .6 1 0 4 .5 1 0 6 .3 1 0 4 .0 1 0 4 .7 4529 O th e r g e n e r a l m e r c h a n d is e s t o r e s ............................. 6 1 .4 6 4 .8 6 9 .7 7 7 .8 8 2 .6 8 7 .6 9 4 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 1 3 .4 1 2 9 .8 1 4 5 .9 162.1 1 7 7 .5 453 M is c e lla n e o u s s to r e r e t a ile r s ....................................... 7 0 .6 6 8 .0 7 4 .2 79.1 8 7 .0 8 9 .5 9 5 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 8 .3 1 0 9 .8 1 1 1 .3 1 0 8 .4 1 1 5 .6 96.1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .2 1 1 7 .3 1 1 6 .0 1 0 8 .6 1 2 0 .7 4531 F lo r is t s ................................................................................. 75.1 7 5 .9 85.1 9 1 .4 8 5 .4 8 3 .5 4532 O f fic e s u p p lie s , s ta tio n e r y a n d g ift s t o r e s ................ 6 4 .6 6 6 .3 7 1 .5 7 5 .8 8 7 .5 9 0 .9 9 1 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 1 3 .0 1 1 8 .0 124.1 125.1 1 4 0 .3 4533 U s e d m e r c h a n d is e s t o r e s ............................................. 8 4 .9 83.1 8 9 .7 8 8 .9 8 7 .3 9 0 .2 9 7 .4 1 0 0 .0 1 1 3 .5 1 0 9 .8 1 1 5 .7 1 1 5 .0 1 2 1 .4 4539 O th e r m is c e lla n e o u s s to r e r e t a ile r s ............................ 7 9 .6 6 9 .2 7 4 .7 8 0 .5 8 9 .7 9 0 .5 9 8 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .0 1 0 1 .6 9 9 .6 9 3 .2 9 2 .8 454 N o n s t o r e r e t a ile r s ............................................................. 5 4 .4 5 5 .0 6 3 .4 6 6 .7 7 3 .8 8 0 .9 9 1 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 1 1 .3 1 2 5 .4 1 4 2 .8 1 4 6 .9 1 6 9 .6 4541 E le c t r o n ic s h o p p in g a n d m a il- o r d e r h o u s e s ............ 4 3 .5 4 6 .7 5 0 .6 5 8 .3 6 2 .9 7 1 .9 8 4 .4 1 0 0 .0 1 1 8 .2 1 4 1 .5 1 5 9 .8 1 7 7 .5 2 0 9 .8 4542 V e n d in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ......................................... 97.1 9 5 .4 95.1 9 2 .8 94.1 8 9 .3 9 6 .9 1 0 0 .0 114.1 118.1 1 27 .1 1 1 0 .4 1 1 3 .3 4643 D ir e c t s e llin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s ....................................... 7 0 .0 6 7 .6 82.1 7 9 .7 8 9 .2 9 4 .7 1 0 2 .2 1 0 0 .0 9 6 .2 9 6 .3 1 0 4 .3 9 8 .7 1 1 0 .2 481 7 7 .5 7 8 .2 8 1 .4 8 4 .7 9 0 .8 9 5 .3 9 8 .8 1 0 0 .0 9 7 .6 9 8 .2 9 8 .2 9 1 .9 1 0 3 .2 482111 6 9 .8 7 5 .3 8 2 .3 8 5 .7 8 8 .6 9 2 .0 9 8 .4 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .1 1 0 5 .5 1 1 4 .3 1 2 1 .9 1 3 1 .9 T r a n s p o rt a t io n a n d w a re h o u s in g 48412 G e n e r a l fr e ig h t tru c k in g , lo n g - d is t a n c e .................... 8 8 .5 9 2 .4 9 7 .5 9 5 .6 98.1 9 5 .4 9 5 .7 1 0 0 .0 99.1 1 0 2 .0 1 0 5 .5 1 0 4 .2 1 0 9 .4 491 U .S . P o s t a l s e r v ic e .......................................................... 96.1 9 5 .8 9 6 .5 9 9 .0 9 8 .5 9 8 .3 9 6 .7 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .4 1 0 2 .4 1 0 4 .9 106.1 1 0 7 .0 In form a tion 5111 N e w s p a p e r , b o o k , a n d d ir e c to r y p u b lis h e r s ............ 9 7 .4 96.1 9 5 .8 9 5 .3 9 3 .0 9 3 .5 9 2 .7 1 0 0 .0 1 0 4 .5 1 0 8 .5 1 1 0 .1 1 0 6 .4 108.1 5112 S o f tw a r e p u b lis h e r s ......................................................... 2 8 .6 3 0 .6 4 2 .7 5 1 .7 6 4 .6 7 3 .0 8 8 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 1 5 .9 1 1 3 .0 1 0 3 .9 1 0 1 .9 1 0 6 .7 51213 M o t io n p ic t u r e a n d v id e o e x h ib itio n ............................ 1 0 9 .4 1 0 8 .9 104.1 1 0 4 .6 1 0 3 .4 9 9 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .9 1 0 2 .0 1 0 6 .5 1 0 4 .7 1 0 4 .4 5 15 1 R a d io a n d te le v is io n b r o a d c a s t in g ............................. 96.1 9 7 .8 1 0 2 .8 1 0 1 .4 1 0 6 .0 106.1 104.1 1 0 0 .0 99.1 9 9 .4 9 8 .4 9 4 .3 1 0 0 .4 5152 C a b le a n d o t h e r s u b s c r ip tio n p r o g r a m m in g ............ 9 8 .8 9 4 .3 9 6 .0 9 3 .6 9 2 .0 9 4 .4 9 3 .7 1 0 0 .0 1 2 9 .3 1 3 3 .2 1 3 5 .7 1 2 5 .3 1 3 1 .4 5 17 1 W ir e d t e le c o m m u n ic a tio n s c a r r ie r s ............................ 6 4 .8 6 8 .4 7 4 .5 7 9 .7 85.1 9 0 .6 9 7 .5 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .5 1 1 2 .7 1 1 9 .9 1 2 1 .0 1 3 0 .6 7 6 .3 7 3 .8 8 5 .6 9 4 .8 97.1 9 8 .3 1 0 3 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 1 4 .2 1 3 4 .3 1 3 9 .0 1 7 2 .7 1 9 2 .0 99.1 9 4 .3 9 5 .9 9 3 .5 9 1 .9 9 4 .2 9 3 .5 1 0 0 .0 9 5 .7 9 4 .5 9 0 .4 8 7 .6 9 3 .5 8 0 .5 8 3 .2 8 3 .3 9 0 .3 9 2 .9 9 6 .0 9 9 .3 1 0 0 .0 9 8 .0 1 0 1 .5 1 0 4 .2 1 0 1 .6 1 0 3 .8 P a s s e n g e r c a r r e n t a l...................................................... 8 9 .8 9 7 .8 1 0 4 .4 106.1 1 0 7 .9 1 0 1 .1 1 0 8 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .2 113.1 1 1 2 .0 1 1 2 .1 1 1 3 .3 T r u c k , tr a ile r a n d 7 0 .7 7 1 .7 6 9 .5 7 5 .8 8 2 .0 9 0 .3 9 6 .7 1 0 0 .0 9 3 .7 9 7 .8 9 5 .9 9 3 .6 9 1 .4 5172 5175 C a b le a n d o t h e r p r o g r a m d is tr ib u t io n ....................... F in a n c e a n d in s u ra n c e 52211 C o m m e r c ia l b a n k in g ...................................................... R e a l e s ta te a n d re n ta l a n d le a s in g 532111 53212 rv re n ta l a n d le a s in g ................... P ro fe s s io n a l, s c ie n tif ic , a n d te c h n ic a l s e r v ic e s 541213 T a x p r e p a r a t io n s e r v ic e s ................................................ 9 2 .4 8 4 .7 9 9 .5 119.1 1 1 9 .9 9 6 .2 92.1 1 0 0 .0 105.1 9 9 .2 9 1 .8 7 8 .2 92.1 54181 A d v e r tis in g a g e n c ie s ....................................................... 1 0 5 .0 9 9 .7 1 1 1 .9 1 1 1 .3 1 0 6 .8 1 0 1 .4 1 0 2 .1 1 0 0 .0 9 5 .8 1 1 0 .1 1 1 6 .6 1 1 6 .7 1 2 3 .9 A c c o m o d a t io n a n d fo o d s e r v ic e s 8 2 .9 8 5 .4 9 2 .9 9 3 .0 9 7 .0 9 9 .2 1 0 0 .1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 3 .6 1 0 7 .7 1 0 2 .0 104.1 F o o d s e r v ic e s a n d d r in k in g p la c e s ............................ 1 0 2 .9 1 0 2 .3 1 0 1 .7 1 0 2 .3 1 0 0 .8 1 0 0 .6 9 9 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .2 1 0 1 .1 1 0 3 .5 1 0 3 .7 1 0 4 .9 99.1 9 8 .3 9 7 .5 9 7 .7 9 7 .8 9 6 .6 9 6 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .2 1 0 0 .8 1 0 0 .8 1 0 2 .0 L im it e d - s e r v ic e e a t in g p la c e s ...................................... 1 0 3 .3 1 0 3 .3 1 0 2 .7 1 0 5 .6 1 0 3 .6 1 0 4 .7 1 0 2 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .4 1 0 2 .5 105.1 1 0 6 .6 107.1 1 0 7 .2 1 0 6 .9 1 0 6 .4 1 0 3 .8 1 0 1 .1 9 9 .3 9 7 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .1 1 0 6 .0 1 1 1 .7 1 0 8 .4 108.1 1 2 5 .7 1 2 1 .2 1 2 1 .5 1 1 2 .7 1 0 2 .6 1 0 4 .4 1 0 2 .4 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .4 1 0 0 .4 9 8 .2 1 0 7 .2 7211 722 7 22 1 7222 7223 7224 D r in k in g p la c e s , a lc o h o lic b e v e r a g e s ....................... O th e r s e r v ic e s (e x ce p t p u b lic a d m in istra tio n ) 8111 9 2 .8 8 6 .5 9 0 .0 9 1 .2 9 6 .7 1 0 2 .9 9 8 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .0 1 0 6 .9 1 0 8 .6 1 0 9 .3 1 0 3 .7 81211 8 1 .6 7 9 .8 8 5 .6 8 4 .3 8 8 .7 9 2 .4 97.1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .7 1 0 3 .6 1 0 3 .0 1 0 9 .5 1 0 4 .2 96.1 9 4 .3 1 0 4 .7 1 0 0 .4 1 0 3 .6 1 0 0 .4 9 7 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 3 .8 1 0 0 .4 9 4 .5 9 3 .9 9 0 .9 8123 D r y c le a n in g a n d la u n d r y s e r v ic e s ............................. 9 5 .6 9 3 .2 9 4 .9 9 3 .8 9 5 .9 9 8 .8 1 0 1 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 5 .0 1 0 9 .5 1 1 3 .7 1 2 1 .1 1 2 0 .2 81292 P h o t o f in is h in g ................................................................... 1 1 7 .3 1 1 5 .6 1 1 6 .2 1 2 3 .6 1 2 4 .9 1 1 4 .7 1 0 3 .2 1 0 0 .0 9 9 .4 1 0 6 .9 1 0 7 .6 1 1 5 .0 1 3 3 .6 81221 NOTE: D ash in d ica te s data a re not a v a ila ble . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 119 Current Labor Statistics: 52. International Comparison Unemployment rates, approximating U.S. concepts, in nine countries, quarterly data seasonally a d j u s t e d _____________________________________ 2002 A n n u a l a v e ra g e C o u n try 2002 2003 I 2004 2003 III II IV I II III IV 1 U n it e d S t a t e s .......... 5 .8 6 .0 5 .7 5 .8 5 .7 5 .9 5 .8 6 .1 6 .1 5 .9 5 .6 C a n a d a ...................... 7 .0 6 .9 7.1 6 .9 7 .0 6 .9 6 .7 6 .9 7 .2 6 .8 6 .7 A u s t r a lia ..................... 6 .4 6 .1 6 .7 6 .4 6 .3 6 .2 6 .2 6 .2 6 .1 5 .8 5 .7 J a p a n ......................... 5 .4 5 .3 5 .4 5 .4 5 .5 5 .4 5 .4 5 .4 5 .2 5.1 5 .0 F r a n c e ........................ 8 .7 9 .3 8 .5 8 .6 8 .7 8 .9 9 .0 9 .2 9 .4 9 .4 9 .4 G e r m a n y .................... 8 .6 9 .3 8 .3 8 .5 8 .7 8 .9 9 .2 9 .4 9 .4 9 .3 9 .2 q ? Q ? 9 1 q n 9 0 ft ft 8 7 8 6 8 6 S w e d e n 2.................. 5.1 5 .8 5 .2 5 .0 5.1 5 .2 5 .2 5 .6 5 .8 6 .2 6 .6 U n it e d K in q d o m ...... 5 .2 5 .0 5.1 5 .2 5 .2 5.1 5.1 5 .0 5 .0 4 .9 4 .8 ' Q u a r t e r ly r a t e s a r e f o r th e fir s t m o n th o f th e q u a r te r . " N o t e s o n th e d a ta " f o r in fo r m a t io n o n b r e a k s in s e r ie s . 2 P r e lim in a r y d a t a f o r 2 0 0 3 . q u a lif ic a t io n s a n d h is t o r ic a l d a ta , s e e C o m p a r a t iv e C iv ilia n L a b o r F o rce No te : Q u a r t e r ly f ig u r e s f o r F r a n c e a n d G e r m a n y a r e c a lc u la t e d b y a p p ly in g a n n u a l a d ju s t m e n t f a c t o r s to c u r r e n t p u b lis h e d d a ta , a n d t h e r e fo r e s h o u ld b e v ie w e d a s le s s p r e c is e in d ic a t o r s o f u n e m p lo y m e n t u n d e r U . S . c o n c e p t s th a n th e a n n u a l f ig u r e s . S e e 120 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 S ta tis tic s , Ten C o u n tr ie s , 1 9 5 9 -2 0 0 3 (B u re a u F o r f u rth e r of Labor S ta tis tic s , J u n e 2 3 , 2 0 0 4 ) , o n t h e In te rn e t a t h ttp :/ / w w w .b ls.g o v/fls/ h o m e.h tm . M o n t h ly a n d q u a r te r ly u n e m p lo y m e n t r a te s , u p d a te d m o n th ly , a r e a ls o o n th is s ite . 53. Annual data: employment status of the working-age population, approximating U.S. concepts, 10 countries [ N u m b e r s in th o u s a n d s ] Employment status and country Civilian labor force 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1 2 9 ,2 0 0 1 3 1 ,0 5 6 1 3 2 ,3 0 4 1 3 3 ,9 4 3 1 3 6 ,2 9 7 1 3 7 ,6 7 3 1 3 9 ,3 6 8 1 4 2 ,5 8 3 1 4 3 ,7 3 4 1 4 4 ,8 6 3 1 4 6 ,5 1 0 1 4 ,3 0 8 1 4 ,4 0 0 1 4 ,5 1 7 1 4 ,6 6 9 1 4 ,9 5 8 1 5 ,2 3 7 1 5 ,5 3 6 1 5 ,7 8 9 1 6 ,0 2 7 1 6 ,4 7 5 1 6 ,8 1 9 8 ,6 1 3 8 ,7 7 0 8 ,9 9 5 9 ,1 1 5 9 ,2 0 4 9 ,3 3 9 9 ,4 1 4 9 ,5 9 0 9 ,7 5 2 9 ,9 0 7 1 0 ,0 9 2 1993 6 5 ,4 7 0 6 5 ,7 8 0 6 5 ,9 9 0 6 6 ,4 5 0 6 7 ,2 0 0 6 7 ,2 4 0 6 7 ,0 9 0 6 6 ,9 9 0 6 6 ,8 7 0 6 6 ,2 4 0 6 6 ,0 1 0 2 4 ,4 8 0 2 4 ,6 7 0 2 4 ,7 6 0 2 5 ,0 1 0 2 5 ,1 3 0 2 5 ,4 6 0 2 5 ,7 9 0 2 6 ,0 7 0 2 6 ,3 5 0 2 6 ,5 9 0 2 6 ,7 3 0 3 9 ,1 0 2 3 9 ,0 7 4 3 8 ,9 8 0 3 9 ,1 4 2 3 9 ,4 1 5 3 9 ,7 5 4 3 9 ,3 7 5 3 9 ,3 0 2 3 9 ,4 5 9 3 9 ,4 1 3 3 9 ,2 7 6 2 2 ,5 7 0 2 2 ,4 5 0 2 2 ,4 6 0 2 2 ,5 7 0 2 2 ,6 8 0 2 2 ,9 6 0 2 3 ,1 3 0 2 3 ,3 4 0 2 3 ,5 4 0 2 3 ,7 5 0 2 3 ,8 8 0 7 ,0 1 0 7 ,1 5 0 7 ,2 1 0 7 ,3 0 0 7 ,5 4 0 7 ,6 2 0 7 ,8 5 0 8 ,1 5 0 8 ,3 4 0 8 ,3 0 0 8 ,3 3 0 4 ,4 4 4 4 ,4 1 8 4 ,4 6 0 4 ,4 5 9 4 ,4 1 8 4 ,4 0 2 4 ,4 3 0 4 ,4 8 9 4 ,5 3 0 4 ,5 4 4 4 ,5 6 7 2 8 ,1 6 5 2 8 ,1 4 9 2 8 ,1 5 7 2 8 ,2 6 0 2 8 ,4 1 7 2 8 ,4 7 9 2 8 ,7 6 9 2 8 ,9 3 0 2 9 ,0 5 3 2 9 ,2 8 8 2 9 ,4 9 0 Participation rate1 6 6 .3 6 6 .6 6 6 .6 6 6 .8 67.1 6 7.1 6 7.1 67.1 6 6 .8 6 6 .6 6 6 .2 6 5 .5 6 5 .2 6 4 .9 6 4 .7 6 5 .0 6 5 .4 6 5 .8 6 5 .9 6 6 .0 6 6 .8 6 7 .3 6 3 .5 6 3 .9 6 4 .5 6 4 .6 6 4 .3 6 4 .3 6 4 .0 6 4 .4 6 4 .4 6 4 .4 6 4 .6 6 3 .3 6 3.1 6 2 .9 6 3 .0 6 3 .2 6 2 .8 6 2 .4 6 2 .0 6 1 .6 6 0 .8 6 0 .3 5 5 .4 5 5 .5 5 5 .4 5 5 .6 5 5 .5 5 5 .9 5 6 .3 5 6 .6 5 6 .8 5 7 .0 5 7 .0 5 7 .8 5 7 .4 57.1 57.1 5 7 .3 5 7 .7 5 6 .8 5 6 .6 5 6 .6 5 6 .3 56.1 4 7 .9 4 7 .3 4 7.1 4 7.1 4 7 .2 4 7 .6 4 7 .8 4 8.1 4 8 .3 4 8 .6 4 8 .8 5 7 .9 5 8 .6 5 8 .8 5 9 .2 6 0 .8 6 1.1 6 2 .6 6 4 .5 6 5 .8 6 5 .0 6 4 .6 6 4 .5 6 3 .7 64.1 6 4 .0 6 3 .3 6 2 .8 6 2 .8 6 3 .8 6 3 .7 6 4 .0 6 4 .0 6 2 .7 6 2 .6 6 2 .4 6 2 .4 6 2 .6 6 2 .5 6 2 .9 6 2 .9 6 2 .7 6 2 .9 6 2 .9 1 2 0 ,2 5 9 1 2 3 ,0 6 0 1 2 4 ,9 0 0 1 2 6 ,7 0 8 1 2 9 ,5 5 8 1 3 1 ,4 6 3 1 3 3 ,4 8 8 1 3 6 ,8 9 1 1 3 6 ,9 3 3 1 3 6 ,4 8 5 1 3 7 ,7 3 6 1 2 ,7 7 0 1 3 ,0 2 7 1 3 ,2 7 1 1 3 ,3 8 0 1 3 ,7 0 5 1 4 ,0 6 8 1 4 ,4 5 6 1 4 ,8 2 7 1 4 ,9 9 7 1 5 ,3 2 5 1 5 ,6 6 0 7 ,6 9 9 7 ,9 4 2 8 ,2 5 6 8 ,3 6 4 8 ,4 4 4 8 ,6 1 8 8 ,7 6 2 8 ,9 8 9 9 ,0 9 1 9 ,2 7 1 9 ,4 8 1 6 3 ,8 1 0 6 3 ,8 6 0 6 3 ,8 9 0 6 4 ,2 0 0 6 4 ,9 0 0 6 4 ,4 5 0 6 3 ,9 2 0 6 3 ,7 9 0 6 3 ,4 7 0 6 2 ,6 5 0 6 2 ,5 1 0 2 4 ,2 5 0 Employed 2 1 ,7 1 0 2 1 ,7 5 0 2 1 ,9 6 0 2 2 ,0 4 0 2 2 ,1 7 0 2 2 ,6 0 0 2 3 ,0 5 0 2 3 ,6 9 0 2 4 ,1 4 0 2 4 ,2 8 0 3 5 ,9 8 9 3 5 ,7 5 6 3 5 ,7 8 0 3 5 ,6 3 7 3 5 ,5 0 8 3 6 ,0 6 1 3 6 ,0 4 2 3 6 ,2 3 6 3 6 ,3 5 0 3 6 ,0 1 8 3 5 ,6 1 5 2 0 ,2 7 0 1 9 ,9 4 0 1 9 ,8 2 0 1 9 ,9 2 0 1 9 ,9 9 0 2 0 ,2 1 0 2 0 ,4 6 0 2 0 ,8 4 0 2 1 ,2 7 0 2 1 ,5 8 0 2 1 ,7 9 0 6 ,5 7 0 6 ,6 6 0 6 ,7 3 0 6 ,8 6 0 7 ,1 6 0 7 ,3 2 0 7 ,6 0 0 7 ,9 1 0 8 ,1 3 0 8 ,0 7 0 8 ,0 1 0 4 ,0 2 8 3 ,9 9 2 4 ,0 5 6 4 ,0 1 9 3 ,9 7 3 4 ,0 3 4 4 ,1 1 7 4 ,2 2 9 4 ,3 0 3 4 ,3 1 0 4 ,3 0 3 2 5 ,2 4 2 2 5 ,4 2 9 2 5 ,7 1 8 2 5 ,9 6 4 2 6 ,4 3 3 2 6 ,6 9 6 2 7 ,0 4 8 2 7 ,3 5 0 2 7 ,5 7 0 2 7 ,7 6 8 2 8 ,0 1 1 6 1 .7 6 2 .5 6 2 .9 6 3 .2 6 3 .8 6 4.1 6 4 .3 6 4 .4 6 3 .7 6 2 .7 6 2 .3 5 8 .5 5 9 .0 5 9 .4 59.1 5 9 .7 6 0 .4 6 1 .3 6 2.1 6 1 .9 6 2 .4 6 3 .0 5 6 .8 5 7 .8 5 9 .2 5 9 .3 5 9 .0 5 9 .3 5 9 .6 6 0 .3 6 0.1 6 0 .3 6 0 .7 6 1 .7 6 1 .3 6 0 .9 6 0 .9 6 1 .0 6 0 .2 5 9 .4 5 9 .0 5 8 .4 5 7 .5 57.1 4 9.1 4 9 .0 49.1 4 9 .0 4 9 .0 4 9 .7 5 0 .3 5 1 .4 5 2 .0 5 2 .0 5 1 .7 5 3 .2 5 2 .6 5 2 .4 5 2 .0 5 1 .6 5 2 .3 5 2 .0 5 2 .2 5 2 .2 5 1 .5 5 0 .9 4 3 .0 4 2 .0 4 1 .5 4 1 .6 4 1 .6 4 1 .9 4 2 .3 4 2 .9 4 3 .6 4 4.1 4 4 .6 5 4 .2 5 4 .6 5 4 .9 5 5 .7 5 7 .8 5 8 .7 6 0 .6 6 2 .6 6 4 .2 6 3 .2 6 2.1 5 8 .5 5 7 .6 5 8 .3 5 7 .7 5 6 .9 5 7 .6 5 8 .4 6 0.1 6 0 .5 6 0 .7 6 0 .3 5 6 .2 5 6 .5 5 7 .0 5 7 .4 5 8 .2 5 8 .6 59.1 5 9 .4 5 9 .5 5 9 .6 5 9 .8 8 ,9 4 0 7 ,9 9 6 7 ,4 0 4 7 ,2 3 6 6 ,7 3 9 6 ,2 1 0 5 ,8 8 0 5 ,6 9 2 6 ,8 0 1 8 ,3 7 8 8 ,7 7 4 1 ,5 3 9 1 ,3 7 3 1 ,2 4 6 1 ,2 8 9 1 ,2 5 2 1 ,1 6 9 1 ,0 8 0 962 1 ,0 3 1 1 ,1 5 0 1 ,1 5 9 914 829 739 751 759 721 652 602 661 636 611 1 ,6 6 0 1 ,9 2 0 2 ,1 0 0 2 ,2 5 0 2 ,3 0 0 2 ,7 9 0 3 ,1 7 0 3 ,2 0 0 3 ,4 0 0 3 ,5 9 0 3 ,5 0 0 2 ,7 7 0 2 ,9 2 0 2 ,8 0 0 2 ,9 7 0 2 ,9 6 0 2 ,8 7 0 2 ,7 4 0 2 ,3 8 0 2 ,2 1 0 2 ,3 1 0 2 ,4 8 0 3 ,1 1 3 3 ,3 1 8 3 ,2 0 0 3 ,5 0 5 3 ,9 0 7 3 ,6 9 3 3 ,3 3 3 3 ,0 6 5 3 ,1 1 0 3 ,3 9 6 3 ,6 6 1 2 ,3 0 0 2 ,5 1 0 2 ,6 4 0 2 ,6 5 0 2 ,6 9 0 2 ,7 5 0 2 ,6 7 0 2 ,5 0 0 2 ,2 7 0 2 ,1 6 0 2 ,1 0 0 440 490 480 440 370 300 250 240 210 230 320 416 426 404 440 445 368 313 260 227 234 264 2 ,9 1 6 2 ,7 1 6 2 ,4 3 9 2 ,2 9 7 1 ,9 8 5 1 ,7 8 3 1,72 1 1 ,5 8 0 1 ,4 8 3 1 ,5 2 0 1 ,4 7 9 Employment-population ratio2 Unemployed Unemployment rate U n it e d K in g d o m ...................................................................... 6 .9 6 .1 5 .6 5 .4 4 .9 4 .5 4 .2 4 .0 4 .7 5 .8 6 .0 1 0 .8 9 .5 8 .6 8 .8 8 .4 7 .7 7 .0 6 .1 6 .4 7 .0 6 .9 1 0 .6 9 .4 8 .2 8 .2 8 .3 7 .7 6 .9 6 .3 6 .8 6 .4 6 .1 2 .5 2 .9 3 .2 3 .4 3 .4 4.1 4 .7 4 .8 5.1 5 .4 5 .3 1 1 .3 1 1 .8 1 1 .3 1 1 .9 1 1 .8 1 1 .3 1 0 .6 9.1 8 .4 8 .7 9 .3 8 .0 8 .5 8 .2 9 .0 9 .9 9 .3 8 .5 7 .8 7 .9 8 .6 9 .3 1 0 .2 1 1 .2 1 1 .8 1 1 .7 1 1 .9 1 2 .0 1 1 .5 1 0 .7 9 .6 9.1 8 .8 6 .3 6 .9 6 .7 6 .0 4 .9 3 .9 3 .2 2 .9 2 .5 2 .8 3 .8 9 .4 9 .6 9.1 9 .9 1 0 .1 8 .4 7.1 5 .8 5 .0 5.1 5 .8 1 0 .4 9 .6 8 .7 8 .1 7 .0 6 .3 6 .0 5 .5 5.1 5 .2 5 .0 1 L a b o r f o r c e a s a p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k in g - a g e p o p u la tio n . F o r f u rth e r q u a lif ic a tio n s a n d h is t o r ic a l d a ta , s e e C o m p a r a t iv e C iv ilia n L a b o r F o r c e S ta tis tic s , 2 E m p lo y m e n t a s a p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k in g - a g e p o p u la tio n . T e n C o u n tr ie s , 1 9 5 9 - 2 0 0 3 ( B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta t is t ic s , J u n e 2 3 , 2 0 0 4 ) , o n th e In te rn e t at. No http :/ / w w w .b ls.g o v/fls/ h o m e.h tm . te : S e e " N o t e s o n th e d a ta " fo r in fo r m a t io n o n b r e a k s in s e r ie s . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 121 Current Labor Statistics: 54. International Comparison A n n u a l in d e x e s o f m a n u fa c tu rin g p r o d u c t iv it y a n d re la te d m e a s u re s , 12 c o u n trie s [1 9 9 2 = 100] I960 Item and country 1970 1980 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 O u tp u t per hour U n ite d S t a t e s ...................................................... - - 7 0.5 9 6.9 9 7.9 1 0 2 .1 1 07 .3 1 13 .8 117 .0 C a n a d a ......................................................................... 1 21 .3 126 .5 1 33 .7 142.1 1 42 .7 37.E 155 .9 5 4 .9 7 2.9 9 3.4 9 5 .3 105 .8 1 1 0 .8 1 12 .4 109 .7 J a p a n .............................................................. 1 13 .5 115 .5 1 2 2 .1 1 29 .3 127 .0 1 30 .5 13.E 3 7.5 6 3 .2 9 4.4 9 9.0 1 01 .7 1 03 .3 1 1 1 .0 116.1 1 2 1 .0 1 2 1 .2 1 26 .7 1 35 .9 135.9 1 39 .5 99.1 1 02 .5 108.4 1 13 .2 1 16 .3 1 25 .5 126 .9 1 25 .5 1 30 .8 132.6 1 41 .7 148 .0 152.1 B e lg iu m .................................................................. 18.C 3 2 .9 6 5.4 9 6 .8 D e n m a r k .......................................................... 28.1 4 9 .4 8 6 .2 99.1 9 9.5 9 9.3 - _ _ _ F r a n c e ............................................................. 19.9 3 9.0 6 1 .6 9 3 .9 9 7.0 1 0 1 .0 108 .9 114.4 1 14 .7 1 21 .7 _ 127 .9 _ 1 33 .0 1 43 .2 G e r m a n y .............................................................. 29.2 5 2 .0 7 7 .2 9 9 .0 9 8 .3 1 0 1 .8 109 .6 1 1 2 .3 1 14 .7 120 .4 Italy........................................................................ 1 2 2 .0 1 21 .4 1 27 .0 1 27 .8 2 4 .6 131 .0 4 6 .2 7 8.6 9 6.6 96.1 1 0 1 .2 1 04 .8 1 07 .9 1 08 .3 1 10 .3 N e t h e r la n d s .............................................. 1 1 0 .8 1 1 0 .6 113 .6 115 .9 114 .3 18.8 3 8.5 69.1 9 8.7 9 9 .0 1 0 2 .0 113.1 1 17 .3 1 19 .3 121 .4 124.1 N o r w a y ........................................................... 1 32 .7 1 32 .3 133.1 3 7.6 59.1 7 7.9 98.1 9 8.2 9 9.6 9 9 .6 1 00 .7 102 .5 S w e d e n ........................................................... 1 0 2 .0 9 9 .9 1 03 .6 106 .6 108 .9 110.9 27.3 5 2 .2 73.1 9 4.6 9 5.5 107 .3 1 17 .8 124 .5 129 .5 141 .0 U n ite d K in g d o m ..................................................... 1 49 .5 1 62 .7 1 27 .0 175 .5 1 70 .3 3 0 .0 184 .3 4 3 .2 5 4.4 8 9.2 9 3.8 103 .9 1 08 .5 106 .5 1 05 .8 1 07 .7 1 09 .2 114 .4 121 .9 126 .4 127 .6 O u tp u t U n ite d S t a t e s ................................................................. - - 7 5.8 1 0 1 .6 9 8 .3 103 .5 1 1 1 .1 1 18 .4 1 21 .3 133.1 139 .5 C a n a d a .......................................................... 146.1 1 3 7 .3 139 .8 33.4 5 8 .9 9 9 .0 1 05 .9 114.1 1 19 .6 1 19 .6 127 .7 133.9 1 44 .9 159 .2 1 53 .6 10.7 158 .0 3 9 .2 8 3 .6 6 0.4 106.0 J a p a n ......................................................... 97.1 1 0 2 .0 9 6 .3 9 4 .9 9 8 .9 1 03 .0 B e lg iu m .................................................................. 1 06 .5 1 0 0 .2 1 01 .9 109 .2 1 05 .5 1 03 .4 3 0 .7 5 7 .6 7 8.2 1 0 1 .0 1 00 .7 9 7.0 101 .4 1 04 .2 105 .9 1 12 .7 D e n m a r k ....................................................... 114 .4 1 14 .4 1 19 .9 1 20 .4 4 4 .4 1 2 1 .6 7 3.9 94.4 1 0 2 .8 101 .5 9 5.6 105 .6 1 1 1 .6 106 .7 1 15 .2 115 .7 F r a n c e .................................................................... 1 17 .7 1 2 2 .1 1 27 .5 1 27 .8 3 0.0 5 7 .7 81.6 99.1 9 9 .8 9 5.7 1 00 .3 104 .9 104 .6 1 09 .7 G e r m a n y ..................................................................... 115 .0 1 18 .7 1 24 .3 1 28 .0 128.1 4 1 .5 7 0.9 8 5 .3 99.1 102 .3 9 2.4 95.1 9 5 .2 9 2.5 127 .9 9 5.7 9 7 .7 9 5 .8 1 0 0 .1 9 9.9 9 9.6 Italy............................................................. 2 3 .0 48.1 8 4.4 9 9.4 9 9.3 9 6.5 102.4 107 .2 1 05 .4 1 08 .8 1 10 .7 N e t h e r la n d s ............................................................. 1 10 .3 1 13 .7 1 14 .6 1 13 .8 3 1.9 5 9 .8 7 6.9 9 9.0 9 9 .8 9 7 .7 104 .5 108 .2 1 08 .9 1 1 1 .6 114 .9 117 .6 1 2 2 .8 1 2 1 .7 1 19 .7 N o r w a y ............................................................ 5 7 .7 9 1.0 104 .9 101.4 9 9.0 1 01 .7 1 04 .6 1 07 .3 1 10 .3 114 .2 S w e d e n ................................................................ 1 13 .7 113 .6 1 1 2 .8 113 .4 1 1 2 .6 4 5 .9 8 0 .7 9 0 .7 1 1 0 .1 104.1 101 .9 1 17 .0 131 .9 136 .4 146 .5 1 5 8 .3 U n ite d K in g d o m ................................................. 172 .5 188 .3 183.1 189 .3 6 7 .5 9 0.2 8 7 .2 105.4 1 0 0 .1 1 01 .5 1 06 .2 107 .8 1 08 .7 1 10 .7 1 11 .4 1 1 2 .2 114 .9 1 1 3 4 .0 1 09 .4 To tal h o u rs U n ite d S t a t e s ............................................................... 92.1 104.4 1 07 .5 104 .8 100 .4 1 01 .4 103 .6 1 04 .0 103 .6 1 05 .4 C a n a d a .............................................................. 1 05 .2 104 .4 1 0 2 .8 9 6 .3 8 9 .7 8 8 .3 107.1 114.6 113 .5 103 .9 1 0 0 .1 1 03 .0 1 06 .4 109 .0 1 12 .4 J a p a n ........................................................................ 1 15 .9 1 18 .7 123.1 1 20 .9 1 2 1 .1 7 7.8 1 04 .4 9 5.6 102.9 103.1 9 4 .7 9 1 .9 89.1 8 8 .7 8 8 .0 8 2 .7 8 0.4 8 0 .3 7 7 .7 7 4.2 101 .5 1 0 2 .1 9 4 .7 9 3 .6 9 2 .0 9 1 .0 8 9 .8 9 0 .2 9 1 .2 9 1 .7 9 0 .8 8 5 .8 9 6.2 - _ _ _ _ B e lg iu m ............................................................. 1 70 .7 1 74 .7 1 19 .7 104 .3 D e n m a r k .......................................................... 1 57 .8 149.5 109 .6 1 03 .7 _ F r a n c e ................................................................... 1 40 .3 1 47 .8 1 32 .5 1 05 .6 92.1 9 1 .7 9 1 .2 9 0.2 8 9 .9 8 9.2 8 6 .8 8 6 .5 8 4 .2 1 42 .3 136 .3 1 10 .5 1 0 0 .1 102 .9 104.1 9 4.7 G e r m a n y ................................................................ 9 0 .8 8 6 .8 8 4 .8 8 0.6 7 9.5 80.1 7 8.9 7 8 .8 7 8 .2 76.1 9 3 .5 104 .0 1 07 .4 102.9 103 .3 9 5.4 9 7 .7 9 9.4 Italy.................................................................... 9 7 .3 9 8.6 9 9 .9 9 9 .8 1 0 0 .1 9 8.9 9 9 .5 N e t h e r la n d s ..................................................... 169 .8 155.5 1 1 1 .2 1 00 .3 1 0 0 .8 9 5 .8 9 2 .4 9 2 .3 9 1 .2 9 1.9 9 2 .6 9 2.6 N o r w a y ..................................................... 9 2 .5 9 1 .9 8 9 .9 1 53 .6 153.9 1 34 .7 103 .4 1 0 0 .8 1 0 2 .1 1 05 .0 1 06 .6 1 07 .6 1 1 2 .0 1 13 .7 109 .6 105 .9 104.1 1 0 1 .6 S w e d e n ............................................................ 1 68 .3 154 .7 1 24 .0 116.4 1 09 .0 9 4.9 9 9 .4 1 05 .9 1 05 .3 103 .9 1 05 .9 106 .0 U n ite d K in g d o m ............................................................ 107 .3 1 07 .5 102 .7 2 2 4 .6 2 0 8 .8 160 .5 118.1 1 06 .6 9 2 .7 9 7 .9 1 0 1 .2 1 0 2 .8 1 0 2 .8 1 01 .9 98.1 9 4 .3 8 9 .8 8 5 .7 U n ite d S ta te s .................................................................. 14.9 1 2 2 .1 C a n a d a ..................................................................... C o m p e n s a tio n p er h o u r 2 3 .7 5 5 .6 9 0 .8 9 5.6 1 02 .7 1 05 .6 1 07 .9 109 .4 1 11 .5 117 .4 1 0 .0 17.1 4 7 .5 8 8 .3 9 5.0 1 0 2 .0 1 03 .7 106 .0 107 .0 1 09 .3 111 .7 J a p a n ................................................................................ 1 15 .8 1 19 .6 1 23 .8 1 26 .8 4 .3 16.4 5 8 .5 9 0.6 9 6.5 1 02 .7 1 04 .7 1 08 .3 109.1 1 1 2 .6 115 .4 1 14 .8 B e lg iu m ...................................................................... 1 13 .7 1 14 .5 1 2 2 .8 5 .4 13.7 5 2 .5 1 36 .5 90.1 9 7 .3 1 04 .8 106.1 109 .2 1 1 1 .1 1 15 .2 117 .0 131.1 1 34 .3 1 40 .6 D e n m a r k ...................................................... 1 18 .5 1 2 0 .6 127 .2 3.8 11.1 4 5 .0 9 2 .7 9 6.0 1 03 .0 - - _ _ _ F r a n c e ................................................................... 4 .3 10.5 4 1 .2 9 0.9 9 6.4 103.1 106 .5 110 .4 1 1 2 .2 1 1 1 .8 1 12 .7 G e r m a n y ................................................................... 1 16 .6 123.4 1 28 .2 132 .4 8.1 2 0 .7 5 3 .6 8 9.4 9 1 .5 106 .4 1 1 1 .8 117 .6 1 23 .3 1 25 .7 127 .6 1 30 .6 137 .4 1 42 .0 145 .5 Italy............................................................................... _ _ 1 .8 5 .3 3 0.4 8 7.6 9 4.2 1 05 .7 1 06 .8 1 11 .3 1 19 .0 123 .0 1 2 2 .2 124 .2 N e t h e r la n d s ................................................................... 127 .8 132 .4 1 35 .6 6 .2 19.4 6 0 .5 8 9.8 9 4 .8 104 .5 1 09 .0 1 1 2 .1 1 14 .4 117 .2 1 2 2 .0 126 .0 N o r w a y ............................................................. 132 .0 1 38 .9 1 46 .0 4 .7 1 1 .8 3 9 .0 9 2 .3 9 7.5 101 .5 1 04 .4 109 .2 1 13 .6 118 .7 1 25 .7 S w e d e n ..................................................... 4.1 10.7 3 7 .3 8 7 .8 9 5.5 9 7.4 9 9 .8 106 .8 1 15 .2 1 2 1 .0 U n ite d K in g d o m .................................................... 1 25 .6 1 30 .3 136 .8 1 43 .8 149 .2 2 .9 6.1 32.1 8 2.9 9 3 .8 105.1 1 08 .0 109 .5 1 11 .3 116.1 123.1 130 .4 1 37 .7 1 44 .2 149 .2 1 33 .0 140.5 1 48 .2 1 57 .2 U n it la b o r c o s ts : N a tio n a l c u rre n c y b a s is U n ite d S t a t e s ................................................................. - - 7 8 .8 9 3 .7 9 3 .5 9 1 .9 C a n a d a ................................................................... 2 6.4 31.1 6 5.2 9 4.6 9 9.6 96.4 9 3 .6 9 4.3 9 7.5 9 6.2 9 6 .7 J a p a n ................................................................. 9 4 .9 9 2 .5 9 7.4 97.1 3 1 .3 4 3 .8 9 2.6 9 5.9 9 7 .5 1 0 1 .0 101 .4 9 7 .5 9 4 .0 9 3.0 9 5 .2 B e lg iu m ................................................................ 9 0.6 8 3 .6 8 4 .4 8 8 .0 30.1 4 1 .7 8 0 .3 9 3.0 98.1 1 02 .3 9 7 .9 9 6.4 9 5 .5 9 1.8 9 2 .2 9 4.4 9 2 .2 9 5 .9 9 6 .4 1 0 2 .1 9 7.6 1 0 0 .6 9 8 .5 9 4 .8 9 2 .8 9 1 .3 9 2 .3 94.1 9 0 .2 D e n m a r k ................................................................. 13.6 2 2 .4 1 03 .7 F r a n c e ............................................................................... 1 0 1 .8 1 01 .3 2 1 .7 2 6 .8 6 7 .0 9 6 .8 9 9 .3 1 0 2 .0 9 7 .8 9 6.5 9 7 .8 9 1.9 8 8 .1 8 7.6 8 6 .2 G e r m a n y .......................................................................... 8 6 .6 2 7 .8 3 9.8 6 9.4 9 0 .3 93.1 104.5 1 0 2 .0 104 .7 1 07 .5 104 .5 1 04 .6 107 .6 108.1 Italy.................................................................................... 1 1 1 .2 1 1 1 .1 7.5 11.9 3 8 .7 9 0 .7 9 8.0 104.5 1 01 .9 103 .2 1 09 .8 111 .4 1 10 .3 1 12 .3 112 .5 1 14 .2 118 .7 5 2 .2 9 3.5 9 6.5 1 03 .7 9 6 .2 9 6.4 103 .2 9 9.4 1 0 2 .8 87.1 N e t h e r la n d s .......................................................... 3 2 .9 9 5 .7 102 .4 9 6.4 9 5.6 9 5 .9 9 6.5 9 8 .3 99.1 N o r w a y .............................................................. 9 9 .5 1 05 .0 1 09 .7 1 2 .6 2 0 .0 5 0 .0 9 4.2 9 9.2 101 .9 1 04 .8 1 08 .4 1 1 0 .8 116.4 1 25 .7 1 28 .4 S w e d e n ............................................................................ 1 31 .9 136.1 141 .8 15.0 2 0 .6 5 1 .0 9 2 .9 1 0 0 .0 9 0.8 8 4 .7 8 5 .8 8 9 .0 8 5.8 8 4.0 80.1 7 7 .9 8 4.4 8 0 .9 9.8 14.1 5 9 .0 9 2 .9 9 9.9 1 0 0 .6 9 9 .6 1 0 2 .8 1 05 .2 107 .8 1 12 .7 1 14 .0 1 13 .0 1 14 .2 1 16 .9 U n ite d K in g d o m ............................................... 5 0.4 8 7.6 91.1 U nit la b o r c o s ts : U .S . d o lla r b a s is U n ite d S t a t e s .................................................................. - - 7 8 .8 9 3 .7 9 7 .6 1 0 0 .6 9 8 .5 9 4 .8 9 3 .5 9 1.9 9 2 .8 9 1 .3 C a n a d a .......................................................................... 9 2 .3 94.1 9 0.2 3 2 .9 3 6.0 6 7.4 9 8.0 105.1 9 0 .3 8 2 .8 8 3.0 8 6 .4 8 4.0 7 8 .8 J a p a n .................................................................. 7 7.2 7 5 .3 7 6 .0 7 4.8 1 1 .0 15.5 5 1 .8 8 3 .9 9 1 .8 1 15 .3 1 25 .8 131 .6 9 7.4 9 8 .4 8 8 .0 89.1 109 .5 9 2 .2 1 0 1 .0 B e lg iu m .......................................................................... 19.4 2 7 .0 8 8.3 8 9 .5 9 2 .3 95.1 9 4 .2 105 .2 99.1 8 2.4 8 1.6 8 0 .2 D e n m a r k .......................................................................... 6 7 .8 6 8.4 7 2 .6 1 2 .0 18.0 5 5 .9 9 1 .2 9 1.0 9 6 .5 9 1 .4 104 .0 1 07 .5 9 0 .8 9 2 .6 F r a n c e .......................................................................... 8 9.5 7 6 .0 7 3.4 7 8.2 2 3.4 2 5 .7 8 3.9 94.1 93.1 9 5 .3 9 3.4 102 .5 1 0 1 .2 8 3 .3 79.1 7 5 .3 6 4.2 6 2 .6 6 6.4 G e r m a n y ................................................................ 10.4 17.1 5 9.6 7 9 .7 Italy.................................................................................... 7 9 .5 8 3.9 14.3 2 2 .3 5 5 .7 9 3 .3 9 7 .3 8 1 .8 7 7.9 7 8.0 8 7 .7 8 0.6 7 8 .2 7 6 .2 6 6 .1 65.1 71.4 N e t h e r la n d s ............................................................. 15.3 2 4 .5 7 7.5 8 7 .9 9 0.0 9 6.9 9 3 .2 104 .8 1 0 0 .0 8 7 .0 8 7 .2 8 4 .3 7 3 .3 8 7 .3 8 7 .5 9 8 .7 9 8 .2 114 .2 1 1 1 .6 9 4.0 9 2 .9 9 1 .5 N o r w a y .......................................................... 7 5.0 8 2 .8 1 1 .0 17.4 6 2 .9 9 3.6 9 5.0 8 9 .2 9 2 .3 106.4 106 .6 1 0 2 .1 1 03 .5 1 0 2 .2 9 3 .0 S w e d e n ................................................................... 9 4.0 1 10 .3 16.9 23.1 7 0.2 9 1 .3 9 6 .3 6 7 .8 6 4 .0 7 0.0 7 7 .3 6 5.4 6 1 .5 5 6 .4 4 9 .5 U n ite d K in g d o m ............................................................. 4 7 .6 1 5.6 19.1 7 7.7 9 3 .8 1 0 0 .0 8 5.6 8 6 .3 9 1 .8 9 3 .0 9 9 .9 1 05 .7 104 .4 9 6.9 9 3 .0 1 4 8 .5 9 9.4 N O T E : D a ta fo r G e r m a n y for y e a r s b e fo re 1991 a r e for th e fo rm e r W e s t G e rm a n y . D a ta for 1991 o n w a rd a re fo r u n ifie d G e rm a n y . D a s h in d ic a te s d a ta not a v a ila b le . 122 Monthly Labor Review https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2004 55. Occupational injury and illness rates by industry,1United States Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers3 In d u s try a n d ty p e o f c a s e 1989 1 1990 1992 1991 1993 4 1994 4 1995 4 1996 4 1997 4 1998 4 1999 4 2000 4 2001 4 PRIVATE S E C T O R 5 T o ta l c a s e s ................................................................................................. 8 .6 8 .8 8 .4 8.9 8 .5 8 .4 8.1 7 .4 7.1 6 .7 6 .3 6 .1 5 .7 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ................................................................................... 4 .0 4.1 3 .9 3 .9 3 .8 3 .8 3 .6 3 .4 3 .3 3.1 3 .0 3 .0 2 .8 L o s t w o r k d a y s .............................................................................................. 7 8 .7 8 4 .0 8 6 .5 9 3 .8 - - - - - - - - - T o ta l c a s e s ................................................................................................. 10.9 1 1 .6 1 0 .8 1 1 .6 1 1 .2 1 0 .0 9 .7 8 .7 8 .4 7 .9 7 .3 7.1 7 .3 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ................................................................................... 5 .7 5 .9 5 .4 5.4 5 .0 4 .7 4 .3 3 .9 4.1 3 .9 3 .4 3 .6 3 .6 L o s t w o r k d a y s .............................................................................................. 1 00 .9 1 1 2 .2 1 0 8 .3 1 26 .9 - - - - - - - - - A g ric u ltu re , fo re stry , a n d fis h in g 5 M ining T o ta l c a s e s ................................................................................................. 8 .5 8 .3 7 .4 7 .3 6 .8 6 .3 6 .2 5 .4 5 .9 4 .9 4 .4 4 .7 4 .0 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ................................................................................... 4 .8 5 .0 4 .5 4.1 3.9 3.9 3 .9 3 .2 3 .7 2 .9 2 .7 3 .0 2 .4 L o s t w o r k d a y s .............................................................................................. 1 37 .2 1 1 9 .5 1 29 .6 2 0 4 .7 - - - - - - - - - C o n s tru c tio n T o ta l c a s e s ................................................................................................. 1 4.3 1 4.2 13.0 13.1 1 2 .2 1 1 .8 1 0 .6 9 .9 9 .5 8 .8 8 .6 8 .3 7 .9 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ................................................................................... 6 .8 6 .7 6 .1 5 .8 5 .5 5 .5 4 .9 4 .5 4 .4 4 .0 4 .2 4.1 4 .0 - - - - - - - L o s t w o r k d a y s ............................................................................................. 1 4 3 .3 1 47 .9 148.1 1 61 .9 - - G e n e r a l b u ild in g co n tra c to rs : T o ta l c a s e s ................................................................................................. 13.9 13.4 1 2 .0 1 2 .2 1 1.5 10.9 9 .8 9 .0 8 .5 8 .4 8 .0 7 .8 6 .9 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ................................................................................... 6 .5 6 .4 5 .5 5 .4 5.1 5.1 4 .4 4 .0 3 .7 3 .9 3 .7 3 .9 3 .5 L o s t w o r k d a y s ............................................................................................. 1 3 7 .3 1 37 .6 1 3 2 .0 1 42 .7 - - - - - - - - - H e a v y c o n s tru c tio n , e x c e o t b u ild in a : T o ta l c a s e s ................................................................................................. 12 .1 1 1.1 1 0 .2 9.9 9 .0 8 .7 8 .2 7 .8 7 .6 7 .8 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ................................................................................... 6 .5 6 .3 6 .0 5 .4 5.1 5 .0 4 .8 4 .3 4 .3 4.1 3 .8 3 .7 4 .0 L o s t w o r k d a y s ............................................................................................. 147.1 1 44 .6 160.1 1 6 5 .8 - - - - - - - - - S p e c ia l tr a d e s c o n tra c to rs : T o ta l c a s e s ................................................................................................. 14.6 1 4.7 1 3 .5 1 3.8 1 2 .8 1 2.5 1 1 .1 10.4 1 0 .0 9.1 8 .9 8 .6 8 .2 1 3.8 1 3.8 1 2 .8 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ................................................................................... 6 .9 6.9 6 .3 6.1 5 .8 5 .8 5.0 4 .8 4 .7 4.1 4 .4 4 .3 4.1 L o s t w o r k d a y s ............................................................................................. 1 4 4 .9 153.1 1 5 1 .3 1 6 8 .3 - - - - - - - - - M a n u fa ctu rin g 13.1 13.2 1 2.7 1 2.5 12.1 1 2 .2 1 1 .6 1 0 .6 1 0.3 9 .7 9 .2 9 .0 8.1 L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ................................................................................... 5 .8 5 .8 5 .6 5 .4 5 .3 5 .5 5 .3 4 .9 4 .8 4 .7 4 .6 4 .5 4.1 L o s t w o r k d a y s ............................................................................................. 1 1 3 .0 1 2 0 .7 1 21 .5 1 24 .6 - - - - - - - - - D u ra b le g o o d s : 14.1 14.2 1 3.6 13.4 13.1 1 3.5 1 2 .8 1 1 .6 1 1.3 1 0.7 1 0 .1 _ 8 .8 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ................................................................................... 6 .0 6 .0 5 .7 5 .5 5 .4 5 .7 5 .6 5.1 5.1 5 .0 4 .8 - 4 .3 L o s t w o r k d a y s .............................................................................................. 1 1 6 .5 1 2 3 .3 1 22 .9 1 2 6 .7 - - - - - - - - - T o ta l c a s e s .............................................................................................. 1 8.4 18.1 1 6.8 1 6.3 1 5.9 1 5.7 1 4.9 14.2 1 3.5 1 3.2 1 3.0 1 2 .1 1 0 .6 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ................................................................................ 9 .4 8 .8 8 .3 7 .6 7.6 7 .7 7.0 6 .8 6 .5 6 .8 6 .7 6 .1 5 .5 1 7 7 .5 1 7 2 .5 1 7 2 .0 1 65 .8 - - - - - - - - - F u rn itu re a n d fix tu re s: T o ta l c a s e s .............................................................................................. 16.1 16.9 15.9 1 4.8 14.6 1 5.0 1 3.9 1 2 .2 1 2 .0 1 1.4 1 1.5 1 1 .2 1 1 .0 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ................................................................................ 7.2 7 .8 7 .2 6 .6 6 .5 7 .0 6 .4 5 .4 5 .8 5 .7 5 .9 5 .9 5 .7 - - - 1 2 8 .4 - - - - - - - - - L u m b e r a n d w o o d p ro d u c ts : L o s t w o r k d a y s ......................................................................................... L o s t w o r k d a y s ......................................................................................... S to n e , d a v , a n d a la s s p ro d u c ts : T o ta l c a s e s .............................................................................................. 13.6 1 3.8 1 3.2 1 2.3 1 2.4 1 1 .8 1 1 .8 1 0.7 10.4 1 0 .1 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s .............................................................................. 7 .4 7 .3 6 .8 6.1 6 .3 6 .5 5 .7 6 .0 5 .7 6 .0 5 .4 5 .5 5.1 L o s t w o r k d a y s ......................................................................................... 1 4 9 .8 1 60 .5 1 56 .0 1 52 .2 - - - - - - - - - 1 8.7 1 9.0 1 7.7 1 7.5 1 7.0 16.8 16.5 1 5.0 1 5.0 14.0 1 2.9 1 2 .6 1 0.7 P rim a r y m e ta l In d u strie s: T o ta l c a s e s .............................................................................................. 15.5 15.4 14.8 L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s .............................................................................. 8.1 8.1 7 .4 7.1 7 .3 7.2 7 .2 6 .8 7 .2 7 .0 6 .3 6 .3 5 .3 L o s t w o r k d a y s ......................................................................................... 1 6 8 .3 1 8 0 .2 169.1 1 75 .5 - - - - - - - - 1 1 .1 F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p ro d u c ts : T o ta l c a s e s ............................................................................................ 1 8.5 1 8.7 1 7.4 1 6.8 16.2 16.4 1 5 .8 1 4.4 1 4.2 1 3.9 1 2 .6 1 1.9 1 1 .1 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s .............................................................................. 7 .9 7.9 7.1 6 .6 6 .7 6 .7 6.9 6 .2 6 .4 6 .5 6 .0 5 .5 5 .3 L o s t w o r k d a y s ......................................................................................... 1 4 7 .6 1 5 5 .7 1 4 6 .6 1 4 4 .0 - - - - - - - - - In d u s tria l m a c h in e ry a n d e q u ip m e n t: 11 .1 1 1.1 1 1 .6 1 1 .2 9.9 1 0 .0 9 .5 8 .5 8 .2 1 1 .0 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s .............................................................................. 4 .8 4 .7 4 .4 4 .2 4 .2 4 .4 4 .4 4 .0 4.1 4 .0 3 .7 3.6 6 .0 L o s t w o r k d a y s ......................................................................................... 8 6 .8 8 8 .9 8 6 .6 8 7 .7 - - - - - - - - - E le c tr o n ic a n d o th e r e le c tr ic a l e a u lp m e n t: T o ta l c a s e s ............................................................................................ 9.1 9.1 8 .6 8 .4 8 .3 8 .3 7 .6 6 .8 6 .6 5.9 5 .7 5 .7 5 .0 3 .5 3 .6 3 .3 3.1 3.1 2 .8 2 .8 2 .9 2 .5 T o ta l c a s e s ............................................................................................ L o s t w o r k d a y s ......................................................................................... 12 .1 1 2 .0 1 1 .2 3 .9 3 .8 3 .7 3.6 7 7 .5 7 9 .4 8 3 .0 8 1 .2 1 7.7 17.8 1 8.3 18.7 1 8.5 19.6 18.6 16.3 1 5.4 14.6 13.7 1 3.7 1 2 .6 6 .8 6.9 7 .0 7.1 7.1 7 .8 7.9 7.0 6 .6 6 .6 6 .4 6 .3 6 .0 1 38 .6 1 5 3 .7 166.1 1 86 .6 T ra n s p o rta tio n e a u lp m e n t: L o s t w o r k d a y s ......................................................................................... In s tru m e n ts a n d re la te d p ro d u c ts: 5.6 5.9 6 .0 5.9 5.6 5.9 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.C 4.C 4 .5 4 .0 L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s .............................................................................. 2 .5 2 .7 2 .7 2 .7 2 .5 2 .7 2 .4 2 .3 2 .3 1.9 1 .8 2 .2 2 .0 L o s t w o r k d a y s ......................................................................................... 5 5 .4 5 7 .8 6 4 .4 6 5 .3 - - - - - - - - - 11.1 11.3 11.3 10.7 10.C 9.9 9.1 9 .5 8.9 8.1 8.4 7 .2 6 .4 4.6 4 .5 4 .3 4 .4 4 .2 3.9 4 .0 3 .6 3 .2 - - M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u strie s : L o s t w o r k d a y s ......................................................................................... 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.0 9 7 .6 113.1 1 04 .0 1 08 .2 S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Monthly Labor Review October 2004 123 Current Labor Statistics: Injury and Illness 55. Continued— Occupational injury and illness rates by industry,1United States Incidence rates per 100 workers3 In d u s try a n d ty p e o f c a s e 1989 1 1990 1991 1992 1993 4 1994 4 1995 4 1996 4 1997 4 1998 4 1999 4 2000 4 2001 4 N o n d u ra b le g o o d s : T o ta l c a s e s .................................................................. L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s .............................. L o s t w o r k d a y s ........................................................... 1 1 .6 11.7 11.3 10.7 10.5 9 .9 9.2 8 .8 8 .2 7 .8 7 .8 6 .8 5 .5 5 .6 5.5 5 .3 5 .0 5.1 4 .9 4 .6 4 .4 4 .3 4 .2 4 .2 3 .8 1 0 7 .8 1 16 :9 1 19 .7 1 2 1 .8 11.5 F o o d a n d k in d re d p ro d u c ts : T o tal c a s e s .................................................................... 1 8.5 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ...................................................... L o s t w o r k d a y s .......................................................... T o b a c c o p ro d u c ts : T o ta l c a s e s .................................................. L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ....................................................................... L o s t w o r k d a y s .................................................... 1 9.5 1 8.8 17.6 17.1 1 6.3 1 5.0 1 4.5 1 3.6 1 2.7 1 2.4 1 0.9 9 .3 9.9 9 .9 9 .5 8.9 9 .2 8 .7 8 .0 8 .0 7 .5 7 .3 7 .3 6 .3 1 74 .7 2 0 2 .6 2 0 7 .2 2 1 1 .9 8 .7 7 .7 6 .4 6 .0 5 .8 5 .3 5 .6 6 .7 5 .9 6 .4 5 .5 6 .2 6 .7 3.4 3.2 2 .8 2 .4 2 .3 2 .4 2 .6 2 .8 2 .7 3 .4 2 .2 3.1 4 .2 6 4 .2 6 2 .3 5 2 .0 4 2 .9 2 0 .0 T e x tile m ill o ro d u c ts : T o ta l c a s e s ............................................................... 1 0.3 9 .6 10 .1 9 .9 9 .7 8 .7 8 .2 7 .8 6 .7 7 .4 6 .4 L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ................................................ 6 .0 5.2 4 .2 4 .0 4 .4 4.2 4.1 4 .0 4.1 3 .6 3.1 3 .4 3 .2 3 .2 2 .7 8 1 .4 85.1 8 8 .3 87.1 L o s t w o r k d a y s ............................................................... A p p a r e l a n d o th e r te x tile p ro d u c ts : T o ta l c a s e s .............................................................. 8 .6 8 .8 9.2 9.5 9.0 8 .9 8 .2 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ...................................................... 3 .8 3 .9 4.2 4 .0 3.8 3 .9 3 .6 L o s t w o r k d a y s ................................................................. 8 0 .5 92.1 9 9 .9 1 04 .6 P a p e r a n d a llie d p ro d u c ts : T o ta l c a s e s ................................................................... 12.7 12 .1 1 1 .2 1 1 .0 9.9 L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s .................................................... 5 .8 5 .5 5 .0 5.0 4 .6 L o s t w o r k d a y s ............................................................... 1 32 .9 1 2 4 .8 1 2 2 .7 1 25 .9 - P rin tin a a n d o u b lis h in a : T o ta l c a s e s ........................................................................ L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ................................................................... L o s t w o r k d a y s ..................................................................................... C h e m ic a ls a n d a llie d o ro d u c ts : T o ta l c a s e s ............................................................................................................ L o s t w o r k d a y s ........................................................................... P e tro le u m a n d c o a l o ro d u c ts : T o ta l c a s e s ............................................................................................ 7 .0 6 .2 5 .8 6 .1 5 .0 3.1 2 .6 2 .8 3 .0 2 .4 _ _ 9 .6 8 .5 7 .9 7 .3 7.1 7 .0 6 .5 6 .0 4 .5 4 .2 3 .8 3 .7 3 .7 3 .7 3 .4 3 .2 - _ _ _ - - 6.9 6.9 6 .7 7 .3 6 .9 6 .7 6 .4 6 .0 5 .7 5 .4 5 .0 5.1 4 .6 3 .3 3 .3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3 .0 3 .0 2 .8 2 .7 2 .8 2 .6 2 .6 2 .4 6 3 .8 6 9 .8 7 4 .5 7 4 .8 - - - - _ _ 7.0 L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ............................................................................... 7 .4 3 .3 - - 6 .5 6 .4 - 6 .0 5 .9 5 .7 5 .5 4 .8 4 .8 4 .2 4 .4 4 .2 4 .0 3.2 3.1 3.1 2 .8 2 .7 2 .8 2 .7 2 .4 2 .3 2 .1 2 .3 2 .2 2 .1 6 3 .4 6 1 .6 6 2 .4 6 4 .2 - - - - - _ 6 .6 6 .2 5 .9 5.2 4 .7 4 .8 4 .6 4 .3 3 .9 4.1 3 .7 2 .9 3 .3 3.1 2 .9 2 .8 2 .5 2 .3 2 .4 2 .5 2 .2 1 .8 1 .8 1.9 1.4 6 8 .1 7 7 .3 6 8 .2 7 1 .2 - - - - - _ R u b b e r a n d m is c e lla n e o u s p la s t ic s o ro d u c ts : T o ta l c a s e s ........................................................................................... 16.2 16.2 15.1 14.5 1 3.9 1 4.0 12.9 1 2.3 1 1.9 1 1 .2 10 .1 1 0.7 8 .7 L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ....................................................................................................... 8 .0 7.8 7.2 6 .8 6 .5 6 .7 6 .5 6 .3 5 .8 5 .8 5 .5 5 .8 4 .8 1 47 .2 1 51 .3 1 5 0 .9 1 53 .3 - - - - - 13.6 12 .1 1 2.5 1 2.1 12 .1 1 2 .0 11.4 10.7 5 .3 6 .6 L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ................................................................................ L o s t w o r k d a y s ...................................................................... L o s t w o r k d a y s ....................................................................................................................... L e a th e r a n d le a th e r o ro d u c ts : T o ta l c a s e s ............................................................................................................................... - - _ 1 0 .6 9 .8 1 0.3 9 .0 8 .7 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ............................................................................................................ 6 .5 5 .9 5.9 5 .4 5 .5 4 .8 4 .5 4 .3 4 .5 5 .0 4 .3 4 .4 L o s t w o r k d a y s .......................................................................................................................... 1 3 0 .4 1 5 2 .3 1 40 .8 1 28 .5 - - - - - - - - _ T ra n s p o rta tio n a n d p u b lic u tilities T o 'a i c a s e s .............................................................................................................. 9.2 9 .6 9 .3 9.1 9.5 9 .3 9.1 8 .7 8 .2 7 .3 7 .3 6 .9 6 .9 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ................................................................. 5 .3 5 .5 5 .4 5.1 5 .4 5 .5 5.2 5.1 4 .8 4 .3 4 .4 4 .3 4 .3 L o s t w o r k d a y s ........................................................................... 1 2 1 .5 134.1 1 40 .0 1 44 .0 - - - - - T o ta l c a s e s ............................................................................................................................. 8 .0 7 .9 7 .6 8 .4 8.1 7 .9 7 .5 6 .8 L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ........................................................................................................ 3 .6 3 .5 3 .4 3.5 3 .4 3 .4 3.2 2 .9 6 3 .5 6 5 .6 7 2 .0 80.1 - - - 6 .7 6 .5 6 .1 5 .9 6 .6 3 .0 2 .8 2 .7 2 .7 2 .5 _ _ _ W h o le s a le a n d retail trade L o s t w o r k d a y s ............................................................................................................. W h o le s a le tra d e : T o ta l c a s e s ......................................................................................................................... 7.7 L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ............................................................................. L o s t w o r k d a y s ...................................................................... 7 .4 7.2 - - - - 7.6 7.8 7 .7 7 .5 6 .6 6 .5 6 .5 6 .3 5 .8 5 .3 4 .0 3 .7 3 .7 3.6 3 .7 3 .8 3 .6 3 .4 3 .2 3 .3 3 .3 3.1 2 .8 7 1 .9 7 1 .5 7 9 .2 8 2 .4 - - - _ - - R e ta il tra d e : T o ta l c a s e s ..................................................................................................................... 8.1 8.1 7.7 8 .7 8 .2 7 .9 7 .5 6 .9 6 .8 6 .5 6 .1 5 .9 5 .7 L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ................................................................................................. 3 .4 3 .4 3 .3 3 .4 3.3 3 .3 3 .0 2 .8 2 .9 2 .7 2 .5 2 .5 2 .4 6 0 .0 6 3 .2 69.1 7 9 .2 - - - - - _ 2 .0 2 .4 2 .4 2 .9 2 .9 2 .7 2 .6 2 .4 2 .2 .7 1 .8 1.9 1 .8 .9 1.1 1.1 1 .2 1 .2 1.1 1 .0 .9 .9 .5 .8 .8 .7 17.6 2 7 .3 24.1 3 2 .9 - - - - - _ L o s t w o r k d a y s ............................................................................................................. F in a n c e , in s u ra n c e , a nd real e s ta te T o ta l c a s e s ........................................................................................................ L o s t w o r k d a y c a s e s ............................................................................................ L o s t w o r k d a y s .............................................................................................................. S e rv ic e s T o ta l c a s e s ................................................................................................................. 5 .5 L o s t w o rk d a y c a s e s ................................................................................ 2 .7 L o s t w o r k d a y s ............................................................................................................................... ' 5 1 .2 6 .0 6 .2 7.1 6 .7 6 .5 6 .4 6 .0 5 .6 5 .2 4 .9 4 .9 4 .6 2 .8 2 .8 3 .0 2 .8 2 .8 2 .8 2 .6 2 .5 2 .4 2 .2 2 .2 2 .2 5 6 .4 1 6 0 .0 1 6 8 .6 - - - - - - - - D a ta fo r 1 9 8 9 a n d s u b s e q u e n t y e a r s a r e b a s e d on th e S ta n d a r d In d u s tria l C la s s N = n u m b e r of in ju rie s a n d illn e s s e s o r lo s t w o rk d a y s ; ific a tio n M a n u a l, 1 9 8 7 E d itio n . F o r th is r e a s o n , th e y a r e n o t s tric tly c o m p a r a b le w ith d a ta E H = to ta l h o u rs w o rk e d by a ll e m p lo y e e s d u rin g th e c a le n d a r y ea r; a n d fo r th e y e a r s 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 = b a s e fo r 1 00 fu ll-tim e e q u iv a le n t w o r k e r s (w o rk in g 4 0 h o u rs p e r w e e k , 5 0 w e e k s 1 9 8 5 - 8 8 , w h ic h w e re b a s e d on th e S t a n d a r d I n d u s tria l C la s s ific a tio n M a n u a l, 1 9 7 2 E d itio n , 1 9 7 7 S u p p le m e n t. p e r y e a r). 2 B e g in n in g w ith th e 1 9 9 2 s u rv e y , th e a n n u a l s u rv e y m e a s u r e s o n ly n o n fa ta l in ju rie s a n d 4 B e g in n in g w ith th e 1 9 9 3 s u rv e y , lo s t w o rk d a y e s t im a te s w ill n o t b e g e n e ra te d . A s o f 1 9 9 2 , illn e s s e s , w h ile p a s t s u r v e y s c o v e r e d bo th fa ta l a n d n o n fa ta l in c id e n ts . T o b e tte r a d d r e s s B L S b e g a n g e n e ra tin g p e rc e n t d is trib u tio n s a n d th e m e d ia n n u m b e r o f d a y s a w a y fro m w o r k fa ta litie s , a b a s ic e le m e n t o f w o r k p la c e sa fe ty , B L S im p le m e n te d th e C e n s u s o f F a ta l b y in d u stry a n d fo r g ro u p s o f w o r k e r s s u s ta in in g s im ila r w o rk d is a b ilitie s . O c c u p a tio n a l In ju rie s. 5 E x c lu d e s fa rm s w ith fe w e r th a n 11 e m p lo y e e s s in c e 1 97 6. 3 T h e in c id e n c e ra te s re p re s e n t th e n u m b e r o f in ju rie s a n d illn e s s e s o r lo s t w o r k d a y s p e r 100 124 fu ll-tim e w o rke rs and w e re c a lc u la te d as (N /E H ) X Monthly Labor Review October 2004 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 2 0 0 .0 0 0 . w h e re : N o t e : D ash indicates data not available. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 56. Fatal occupational injuries by event or exposure, 1997-2002 Fatalities 1997-2001 average Event or exposure1 2002 20012 Number Number Percent T o t a l......................................................................................................... 6 ,0 3 6 5 ,9 1 5 5 ,5 2 4 T r a n s p o rt a t io n in c id e n t s .......................................................................... 2 ,5 9 3 2 ,5 2 4 2 ,3 8 1 43 H ig h w a y in c id e n t ............................................................................................ 1,42 1 1 ,4 0 9 1 ,3 7 2 25 C o llis io n b e tw e e n v e h ic le s , m o b ile e q u ip m e n t ................................ 697 727 635 11 126 142 155 3 M o v in g in o p p o s ite d ir e c tio n s , o n c o m in g ....................................... 254 257 202 4 148 138 145 3 V e h ic le s tr u c k s ta tio n a r y o b je c t o r e q u ip m e n t ................................. 300 297 326 6 N o n c o llis io n in c id e n t................................................................................ 369 339 373 7 300 273 312 6 N o n h ig h w a y (fa rm , in d u s tr ia l p r e m is e s ) in c id e n t ................................ 368 326 322 6 O v e r t u r n e d ................................................................................................... 202 158 164 3 A ir c r a f t .............................................................................................................. 248 247 192 3 W o r k e r s t r u c k b y a v e h ic le ........................................................................ 382 383 356 6 99 90 71 1 1 W a t e r v e h i c l e ................................................................................................. 100 R a il v e h ic le ...................................................................................................... 68 62 64 A s s a u lt s a n d v io le n t a c t s ......................................................................... 964 908 840 15 H o m ic id e s ........................................................................................................ 709 643 609 11 S h o o t in g ....................................................................................................... 567 509 469 8 S t a b b in g ....................................................................................................... 64 58 58 1 O th e r , in c lu d in g b o m b in g ....................................................................... 78 76 82 1 S e lf - in f lic te d in ju r ie s ..................................................................................... 221 230 199 4 C o n t a c t w ith o b je c t s a n d e q u ip m e n t ................................................... 995 962 873 16 S t r u c k b y o b je c t ............................................................................................. 562 553 506 9 S t r u c k b y fa llin g o b je c t ............................................................................. 352 343 303 5 S t r u c k b y fly in g o b je c t .............................................................................. 58 60 38 1 C a u g h t in o r c o m p r e s s e d b y e q u ip m e n t o r o b j e c t s ........................... 290 266 2 31 4 2 C a u g h t in r u n n in g e q u ip m e n t o r m a c h in e r y ...................................... 156 144 110 C a u g h t in o r c r u s h e d in c o lla p s in g m a t e r ia ls ....................................... 126 122 116 2 F a lls ....................................................................................................................... 737 810 714 13 654 700 634 11 F a ll fr o m la d d e r .......................................................................................... 111 123 126 2 F a ll fr o m r o o f ............................................................................................... 155 159 143 3 F a ll f r o m s c a f f o ld , s t a g in g ...................................................................... 91 91 87 2 61 84 63 1 529 499 538 10 291 285 289 5 134 124 122 2 C o n t a c t w ith t e m p e r a tu r e e x t r e m e s ........................................................ 41 35 60 1 E x p o s u r e to c a u s tic , n o x io u s , o r a lle r g e n ic s u b s t a n c e s .................. 106 96 98 2 52 49 49 1 89 83 90 2 F a ll o n s a m e le v e l................................... ...................................................... E x p o s u r e to h a rm fu l s u b s t a n c e s o r e n v ir o n m e n t s ...................... C o n t a c t w ith o v e r h e a d p o w e r lin e s ...................................................... O x y g e n d e f ic ie n c y ........................................................................................ D r o w n in g , s u b m e r s io n ............................................................................. 71 59 60 1 F ir e s a n d e x p l o s i o n s ................................................................................ 197 188 165 3 24 13 - O t h e r e v e n t s o r e x p o s u r e s 3.................................................................... 1 Based o n th e 1992 B L S O c c u p a t io n a l In ju ry a n d I lln e s s bls n e w s r e le a s e I s s u e d S e p t. 2 5 , 2 0 0 2 , r e p o r t e d a to ta l o f 5 ,9 0 0 f a ta l w o r k in ju r ie s fo r c a le n d a r y e a r 2 0 0 1 . th e n , an a d d itio n a l 15 e x c lu d e f a t a litie s f r o m th e S e p t e m b e r 11 t e r r o r is t a t ta c k s . C la s s if ic a t io n S tr u c t u r e s . 2 The 21 T o t a ls fo r 2 0 0 1 jo b - r e la t e d f a t a litie s w e re S in c e id e n tifie d , b r in g in g th e to ta l jo b - r e la t e d fa ta lity c o u n t f o r 2 0 0 1 to 5 ,9 1 5 . 3 I n c lu d e s th e c a t e g o r y " B o d ily r e a c t io n a n d e x e r tio n ." NOTE: T o t a ls fo r m a jo r c a t e g o r ie s c a t e g o r ie s n o t s h o w n s e p a r a t e ly . m ay in c lu d e sub P e rc e n ta g e s m ay not ad d to to ta ls b e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g . D a s h in d ic a t e s le s s th a n 0 .5 p e rc e n t. Monthly Labor Review October 2004 125 STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, AND CIRCULATION Title of Publication: Monthly Labor Review Publication Number: 987-800 Date of Filing: October 1,2004 Frequency of Issue: Monthly Number o f Issues Published Annually: 12 Annual Subscription Price: $49 Complete Mailing Address of Known Office of Publication: U.S. Department o f Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2 Massachusetts Ave., NE, Washington, DC 20212-0001 Attention: Richard M. Devens, Room 2850, (202) 691 -7911 8. Complete M ailing Address of Headquarters of General Business Office of Publisher: U.S. Department o f Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2 Massachusetts Ave., NE, Washington, DC 20212-0001 9. Names and Complete Addresses of Publishers, Editor, and Executive Editor: Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Publications, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, N.E., Washington, DC 20212-0001 ; Editor: William Parks, same address; Executive Editor: Richard M. Devens, same address; Managing Editor: Anna H. Hill, same address 10. Owner: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, N.E., Washington, DC 20212-0001 11. Known Bondholders, M ortgagees, and Other Security Holders Owning or Holding 1 Percent or More of Total Amount of Bonds, M ortgages, or Other Securities: None 12. Purpose, Function and Nonprofit Status: Not applicable 13. Publication Title: Monthly Labor Review 14. Issue Date for Circulation Data Below: September 2004 15. Extent and Nature of Circulation: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Average number of copies of each issue during preceding 12 months A. Total number of copies (net press run)............................ B. Paid and/or requested circulation: 1. Paid/requested outside-county mail subscriptions (includes advertiser’s proof and exchange copies).... 2. Paid-in-county subscriptions (includes advertiser’s proof and exchange copies)...... 3. Sales through dealers and carriers, street vendors, - counter sales, and other non-USPS paid distribution 4. Other classes mailed through the U S P S ...................... C. Total paid and/or requested circulation (sum of B )..................................................... D. Free distribution by mail: 1. O utside-county................................................. 2. In-co u n ty ............................................................ 3. Other classes mailed through the U S P S ...................... E. Free distribution outside the m a il..................................... F. Total free distribution (sum of D and E ) ............................ G. Total distribution (sum of C and F ).................................. H. Copies not distributed.................................................... I. Total (sum o f G and H ) ..................................................... J. Percent paid and/or requested circulation....................... Number of copies of single issue published nearest to filing date 6,281 4,988 4,193 3,532 — __ 1,319 846 __ 5,512 4,378 641 483 — __ __ 100 741 6,253 28 6,281 88.1 100 583 4,961 27 4,988 88.2 I certify that the statements made by me above are correct and complete. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis [signed] Richard M. Devens, Executive Editor Where are you publishing your research? % The Monthly Labor Review welcomes articles on the labor force, labor-management relations, business conditions, industry productivity, compensation, occupational safety and health, demographic trends and other economic developments. Papers should be factual, and analytical, not polemical in tone. Potential articles, as well as comments on i 1 material published in the Review, should be m ä submitted to: Editor-in-Chief Monthly Labor Review Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, DC 20212 Telephone: (202)691-5900 E-mail: mlr@bls.aov Need more research, facts, and analysis? 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