The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
if i >!
* is
■«Mi
Bureau o f LabonStatistics
U .S. D ep artm en t o f L ab or
fl l
iTIr. Kevin
showing us
aboat art on'
Career day,
ESS:
(Ties JenVjnS
\st grade,
class.
i k I
. ^ |
/
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
U.S. Department of Labor
Elaine L. Chao, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Kathleen P. Utgoff, Commissioner
The Monthly Labor Review ( usps 987-800) is published
monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor. The Review welcomes articles on the
labor force, labor-m anagem ent relations, business
conditions, industry productivity, com pensation,
occupational safety and health, demographic trends, and
other economic developments. Papers should be factual
and analytical, not polemical in tone. Potential articles, as
well as communications on editorial matters, should be
submitted to:
Editor-in-Chief
Monthly Labor Review
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Washington, DC 20212
Telephone: (202) 691-5900
E-mail: mlr@bls.gov
Inquiries on subscriptions and circulation, including address
changes, should be sent to: Superintendent of Documents
Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402
Telephone: (202) 512-1800
Subscription price per year—$49 domestic; $68.60 for
eign. Single copy—$15 domestic; $21 foreign. Make
checks payable to the Superintendent of Documents.
Subscription prices and distribution policies for the
Monthly Labor Review ( issn 0098-1818) and other gov
ernment publications are set by the Government Print
ing Office, an agency of the U.S. Congress.
The Secretary of Labor has determined that the publi
cation of this periodical is necessary in the transaction
of the public business required by law of this Depart
ment. Periodicals postage paid at Washington, dc, and
at additional mailing addresses.
Unless stated otherwise, articles appearing in this pub
lication are in the public domain and may be reprinted
without express permission from the Editor-in-Chief.
Please cite the specific issue of the Monthly Labor
Review as the source.
Information is available to sensory impaired individuals
upon request:
Voice phone: (202) 691-5200
Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339.
P ostmaster: Send address changes to Monthly Labor
Review, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, dc
20402-0001.
Cover designed by Keith Tapscott
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MONTHLY LABOR
REVIEW__
Volume 126, Number 8
August 2003
Volunteerism in the United States
3
Over the year ending September 2002, more than 1 in 4 individuals— most likely
women, students, and college graduates— participated in volunteer activities
Stephanie Boraas
A changing market: expenditures by Hispanic consumers, revisited
12
Are the changes in the expenditure patterns due to changes in income
or other similar factors, or are they due to changes in underlying preferences?
Geoffrey D. Paulin
Defining participation in defined-contribution pension plans
36
Traditional measures appear to overstate the number of participants in such plans;
data from SIPP and the Social Security Administration may be a more accurate measure
John Turner, Leslie Muller, and Satyendra K. Verma
Departments
2
è & & fc
Labor month in review
Précis
Book reviews
Publications received
Current labor statistics
Editor-in-Chief: Deborah P. Klein • Executive Editor: Richard M. Devens • Managing Editor: Anna Huffman Hill • Editors: Brian
I. Baker, Richard Hamilton, Leslie Brown Joyner • Book Reviews: Richard Hamilton • Design and Layout: Catherine D. Bowman,
Edith W. Peters • Contributors: Elizabeth Kelley
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Families see more
unemployment
The August R eview
It appears that a substantial fraction of
the population do not obey the rear-rank
cynic’s admonition, “Never volunteer.”
About 59 million working-age Americans
did som e v o lu n teer w ork betw een
September 2001 and September 2002,
according to Stephanie Boraas’s analysis
of a special supplement to the Current
Population Survey (cps ).
Boraas goes on to say that parents
volunteer for their children, high school
students are increasingly required by their
schools to become involved in community
service, and older persons, especially
those in the early years of retirement, are
more likely to do some volunteer work than
younger people in the early years of thenwork careers.
Geoffrey D. Paulin keeps us up to date
w ith the dynam ics o f the changing
H ispanic m arket and their consum er
expenditures. The Hispanic population,
which should not in any case have been
treated as homogeneous, has changed
in com position in the 5 years since
Paulin first examined their expenditure
patterns in this Review. Since the mid1990s, the share of the Hispanic popu
lation that is o f M exican origin has
fallen from 62 percent to 56 percent,
the share hailing from Puerto Rico has
stayed at about 11 p ercent, and all
o th e r g ro u p s h a v e in c re a s e d . A s
Paulin sum m arizes, “ ... expenditure
pattern s continue to differ by g e o
graphic origin, at the same tim e geo
graphic origin is changing w ithin the
Hispanic com m unity.”
Jo h n T urner, L e slie M uller, and
Satyendra K. Verma examine different
concepts o f “participation” in definedcontribution pension plans, an increas
ingly important part o f many w orkers’
retirem ent income. They suggest that
“active pension benefit accrual deriving
from current work” is an important element
of identifying who is a participant in a
retirement plan.
2
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
In 2002, a total of 7.8 percent of the
N ation’s families had an unemployed
member, up from 6.6 percent the year
before. This was the second consecutive
increase in this proportion. Thus, in an
average week in 2002,5.8 million families
had at least one member who was un
employed, an increase o f962,000 families
from2001.
The proportion of families with an
unemployed member was higher for black
families (13.1 percent) than for either white
families (7.0 percent) or Hispanic families
(11.2 percent). For all three groups, the
proportion of families with an unemployed
person was higher than in 2001.
As in 2001, the average annual un
employment rate for parents of children
under 18 was lower for married persons
(spouse present) than for persons of other
marital status. In 2002, the jobless rate for
married mothers with children under 18
was 4.1 percent. The unemployment rate
for unmarried mothers— those who were
single, widowed, divorced, or separated—
was 9.5 percent.
The jobless rate for married fathers with
children under 18 was 3.7 percent, while
among unmarried fathers, the unemploy
ment rate was 7.8 percent. For all persons
with children under 18 (women and men,
any marital status) the average annual
unemployment rate was 4.8 percent, up
from 3.9 percent the previous year. More
information on labor market status within
families is available in news release USDL
03-369, “Employment Characteristics of
Families in 2002.”
Highest earnings in Middle
Atlantic
The M iddle Atlantic division ranked
highest in average hourly earnings in July
2002. This division includes the States of
New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
Workers in the Middle Atlantic States
August 2003
earned an average of $19.79 per hour.
Workers in the Pacific States had the next
highest earnings at $19.08 per hour,
followed by the New England States
($18.61 per hour). The division with the
lowest hourly earnings was East South
Central, with mean earnings of $ 14.19 per
hour. Mean hourly wages for workers—
private industry and State and local
government— in the country as a whole
were $17.18 per hour. Learn more in
National Compensation Survey: Occu
pational Wages in the United States, July
2002, BLS Summary 03-02.___________
Real product per worker
In 2002, real GDP (in 1999 U.S. dollars)
per employed person was $71,638 in the
United States. In Belgium, the country
with the next highest reading among 10
national econom ies, it was $64,099.
Japan, at $51,636, and Korea, at $34,578,
were at the lower end of the scale.
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the
most comprehensive measure of a coun
try’s economic output, being the value of
all market and some non-market goods and
services produced within its territory. GDP
per em ployed person can provide a
general picture of a country’s overall
productivity; this is only an approximate
indicator of productivity, however, be
cause using the number of persons em
ployed as a measure of labor input ignores
differences in the number of hours worked
and in the skill levels of different people.
Each country’s GDP is converted to
U.S. dollars through the use of purchasing
pow er p a ritie s (PPPs).
ppps are
somewhat analogous to price indexes in
that they can be used to measure the cost
of a par-ticular basket of goods and
services a-cross countries at a particular
point in time. For more information see
“Com parative Real G ross D om estic
Product per Capita and per Employed
Person, Fourteen Countries, 1960-2002,”
in the Foreign Labor Statistics section of
the bls Web site.
□
Volunteerism in the United States
Volunteerism
in the United States
Between September 2001 and September 2002,
more than 1 in every 4 individuals
performed volunteer activities;
women, students, and college graduates
were most likely to volunteer
Stephanie Boraas
bout 59 million people, or 27.6 percent of
the civilian noninstitutional population,
volunteered through or for an organization
at some point from September 2001 to September
2002. Volunteers are a major source of labor in the
United States, performing a variety of important
tasks and contributing considerable time and effort
to meeting the needs of their communities. The data
in this article come from a special supplement to the
September 2002 Current Population Survey (CPS).1
The supplem ent collected information on the
incidence of volunteering, the number and type of
organizations through or for which persons vol
unteered, total hours spent volunteering, how
people became involved in volunteering, and the
kinds of work they performed as volunteers.2
A
Incidence of volunteering
Stephanie Boraas is
an economist in the
Division of Labor Force
Statistics, Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Some population groups are more likely than others
to volunteer. Parents, for example, are likely to be
involved with school or youth-related groups. Older
people, many of whom are in the early years of
retirement, are more likely to volunteer than young
adults. High school students are increasingly
participating in volunteer activities in order to fulfill
community service requirements. College students
receive information on volunteer opportunities from
service groups on campus and from community
groups that target the campus as a source of
volunteers. In addition, many universities actively
promote volunteering among students.3
During the September 2001-September 2002
reference period, women volunteered at a higher
rate (31.1 percent) than did men (23.8 percent), a
relationship that held across age groups, education
levels, and other major demographic characteristics.
The gap between the volunteer rates of men and
women tended to be greater among groups with
relatively high rates, such as whites and the more
highly educated. (See table 1.)
Whites had a considerably higher volunteer rate
(29.4 percent) than blacks (19.2 percent). In
dividuals of Hispanic origin, who may be of any
race, had the lowest rate, at 15.7 percent. This
pattern held true for all age groups.
People aged 35 to 54 years are more likely to
volunteer than those who are younger or older.
About 1 in 3 people between the ages of 35 and 54
volunteered, a rate that may be partly explained by
the fact that a great many individuals of those ages
have teenaged or younger children at home. Par
ents with their own children under age 18 were more
likely to volunteer than persons with no children
that age, with volunteer rates of 36.5 percent and
23.7 percent, respectively. Parents often volunteer
for organizations in which their children participate.
Partly because married people are more likely to
have children than are unmarried people, volunteer
rates were higher among married persons (32.7
percent) than among the never m arried (21.2
percent) or persons of other marital status (22.1
percent).
Among persons 65 years or over, the vol
unteer rate declined with age. For example, 26.3
percent of 65- to 69-year-olds volunteered,
compared with 25.0 percent of 70- to 74-year-olds,
22.9 percent of 75- to 79-year-olds, and 16.1
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
3
Volunteerism in the United Staters
Table 1.
Volunteers by selected characteristics, September 2002
[Numbers in thousands]
Total, both sexes
Men
Women
Volunteers
Volunteers
Volunteers
Civilian
Civilian
Civilian
nonnonnoninstitutional
institutional
Percent institutional
Percent
Percent
population Number
population Number
population Number
of
of
of
population
population
population
Characteristic
Age
Total, 16 years and over...................................
16 to 24 ye a rs.................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ............................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ............................................
25 years and o v e r...........................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ............................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ............................................
45 to 54 y e a rs............................................
55 to 64 y e a rs ............................................
65 years and over.......................................
214,429
35,470
16,158
19,312
178,959
36,907
43,888
39,172
25,993
32,998
59,163
7,860
4,346
3,515
51,303
9,279
15,089
12,296
7,146
7,492
27.6
22.2
26.9
18.2
28.7
25.1
34.4
31.4
27.5
22.7
103,148
17,851
8,214
9,637
85,298
17,983
21,661
19,098
12,431
14,124
24,514
3,318
1,888
1,430
21,197
3,536
6,210
5,340
3,098
3,012
23.8
18.6
23.0
14.8
24.9
19.7
28.7
28.0
24.9
21.3
111,281
17,619
7,944
9,675
93,662
18,924
22,226
20,075
13,562
18,874
34,649
4,543
2,458
2,085
30,106
5,743
8,879
6,956
4,048
4,480
31.1
25.8
30.9
21.5
32.1
30.3
39.9
34.7
29.8
23.7
177,628
26,039
24,065
52,164
4,987
3,769
29.4
19.2
15.7
86,321
11,696
11,845
21,698
1,955
1,522
25.1
16.7
12.9
91,307
14,344
12,220
30,466
3,032
2,246
33.4
21.1
18.4
26,999
57,664
45,314
48,982
2,734
12,293
14,919
21,357
10.1
21.3
32.9
43.6
12,970
26,772
20,650
24,906
1,149
4,612
5,734
9,702
8.9
17.2
27.8
39.0
14,029
30,892
24,664
24,077
1,585
7,681
9,185
11,655
11.3
24.9
37.2
48.4
57,316
115,706
41,408
12,177
37,823
9,163
21.2
32.7
22.1
30,621
58,456
14,071
5,300
16,764
2,450
17.3
28.7
17.4
26,694
57,250
27,337
6,877
21,059
6,713
25.8
36.8
24.6
149,204
65,225
35,371
23,793
23.7
36.5
74,167
28,981
15,143
9,371
20.4
32.3
75,037
36,244
20,227
14,421
27.0
39.8
143,761
135,794
111,905
23,889
7,968
70,668
42,396
40,379
31,910
8,469
2,016
16,767
29.5
29.7
28.5
35.5
25.3
23.7
76,680
72,511
64,719
7,792
4,170
26,468
19,539
18,684
16,683
2,001
855
4,976
25.5
25.8
25.8
25.7
20.5
18.8
67,081
63,283
47,186
16,097
3,798
44,200
22,857
21,695
15,227
6,468
1,162
11,792
34.1
34.3
32.3
40.2
30.6
26.7
Race and Hispanic origin
White.................................................................
Black..................................................................
Hispanic origin...................................................
Educational attainment1
Less than a high school diploma.....................
High school graduate, no college2...................
Less than a bachelor’s degree3 .......................
College graduate...............................................
Marital status
Single, never married........................................
Married, spouse present...................................
Other marital status4 .........................................
Presence of own children under 18 years5
Without own children under 18.........................
With own children under 18...............................
Employment status
Civilian labor fo rc e ............................................
Employed.........................................................
Fulltime6......................................................
Part time7.....................................................
Unemployed.....................................................
Not in the labor fo rc e ........................................
1Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
2Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories of some college, no degree; and associate’s
degree.
“ Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
5 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted
children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related
and unrelated children.
4
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
6Usually work 35 or more hours a week at all jobs.
7Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
N ote : Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid
volunteer activities for an organization at any point from September 1,
2001, through the survey week in September 2002. Details for the above
race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the
“other races” group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both
the white and black population groups.
percent o f persons aged 80 years or over.
School enrollm ent, rather than age, appears to be the
important factor in the likelihood of volunteering among
young people. The volunteer rate of young persons aged 16
to 24 years who were enrolled in school was almost double
that of those not enrolled in school, as indicated in the
following tabulation:
School enrollment status
Total, 16 to 24 years........
Enrolled in school..........................
Enrolled in high school...........
Enrolled in college................
Not enrolled in school............... .
16 to 19 years.....................
20 to 24 years......................
Volunteers
Percent of
Number
population
(thousands)
22.2
28.5
29.9
27.2
15.0
14.4
15.1
7,860
5,382
2,615
2,767
2,478
527
1,951
As mentioned previously, many high schools and religious
program s for youths em phasize com m unity service, and
college students are frequently exposed to on-campus and
community groups that make volunteer opportunities easy
to find and participation appealing.
Once schooling is completed, it appears to continue to
affect p articipation in volunteer activities. E ducational
attainment is a strong predictor of volunteer rates. Among
persons 25 years or over, 43.6 percent of college graduates
volunteered during the year, double the volunteer rate of
high school graduates with no college experience and more
than 4 tim es the rate o f high school dropouts. This re
lationship held approxim ately true across a variety of
dem ographic and em ploym ent characteristics, including
some of those given in the following tabulation, which shows
the percent volunteering in each group:
Characteristic
White..............
M en............
Women........
Black...............
M en............
Women........
Hispanic.........
M en............
Women........
Single, never
married..........
Married, spouse
present..........
Other marital
status ............
Less than High school Less than
high school graduate, bachelor’s College
degree graduate
no college
diploma
46.0
34.5
22.8
10.5
40.9
18.2
28.9
9.0
51.4
39.4
26.8
11.8
36.6
26.1
14.1
9.2
33.4
23.2
12.7
8.6
15.4
28.0
39.1
9.6
25.2
31.9
8.4
16.3
27.2
13.4
22.9
5.8
36.4
27.2
19.2
11.0
Employed.......
Unemployed....
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
6.9
12.4
21.8
30.8
11.8
24.5
37.0
47.2
8.5
17.6
28.6
40.7
11.3
13.8
22.1
19.0
33.3
34.2
43.9
40.9
Not in labor
force..............
Native born.....
Foreign born ....
9.1
11.1
7.5
20.2
22.5
10.7
31.7
34.1
19.5
42.8
47.0
22.0
Employment status also affects the likelihood of volunteering.
Overall, nearly 30 percent of all employed persons had vol
unteered during the reference period. By comparison, the
volunteer rates of persons who were unemployed (25.3 percent)
or not in the labor force (23.7 percent) were lower. Among the
employed, part-time workers were more likely than full-time
workers to have participated in volunteer activities— 35.5 percent
and 28.5 percent, respectively.
Among whites, the volunteer rate was highest for those
who were employed (31.4 percent) and about the same for
those who were unemployed and those who were not in the
labor force (26.5 percent and 25.6 percent, respectively.) For both
blacks and Hispanics, volunteer rates were similar for the
employed and the unemployed (about 22 percent for blacks and
about 17 percent for Hispanics). Volunteer rates for those not in
the labor force were lowest for blacks (14.1 percent) and
Hispanics (12.6 percent). (See table 2.)
Hours spent volunteering
Volunteers spent a median 52 hours performing volunteer
activities during the period from September 2001 to September
2002. While 28.2 percent of volunteers were reported to have
spent 100 to 499 hours doing volunteer work, 21.5 percent
spent only 1 to 14 hours volunteering. (See table 3.)
Some of the same groups that have high volunteer rates also
devote a relatively large number of hours to volunteering. College
graduates, for example, with a 43.6-percent volunteer rate, spent
a median 60 hours volunteering in the reference period. Still,
individuals in some groups with low volunteer rates also spent
a large number of hours volunteering. Black men who are not
high school graduates had a volunteer rate of only 8.6 percent,
yet volunteered a median 78 hours during the reference period.
Volunteers aged 65 years and over devoted the most time— a
median 96 hours— to volunteer activities. Those aged 25 to 34
years spent the least time, volunteering a median 34 hours
during the year.
Number and types of organizations
Most volunteers provided their services through or for one
or tw o organizations— 69.1 percent and 19.3 percent,
respectively. About a third of all volunteers (33.9 percent)
w orked the m ost hours during the year for relig io u s
o rg a n iz a tio n s. E d u c a tio n a l or y o u th -s e rv ic e -re la te d
organizations accounted for the second-largest share of
volunteers, 27.2 percent. Another 12.1 percent of volunteers
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
5
Volunteerism in the United Staters
Table 2.
Volunteer rates by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and selected characteristics, September 2002
White
Black
Hispanic
Selected characteristics
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
29.4
28.6
19.3
26.8
37.1
33.5
28.8
23.9
25.1
24.3
15.7
33.4
33.0
22.9
32.7
43.4
37.6
31.4
25.2
19.2
18.8
13.1
16.7
16.3
9.9
15.6
19.1
19.3
19.1
14.9
21.1
21.1
15.7
18.1
9.4
16.9
12.9
15.3
7.6
12.9
15.7
15.1
18.4
20.9
11.3
Age
Total, 16 years and over................................
16 to 19 years..............................................
20 to 24 years..............................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..............................................
35 to 44 years..............................................
45 to 54 years..............................................
55 to 64 years..............................................
65 years and o v e r........................................ .
20.8
30.8
29.4
26.1
22.2
20.2
22.4
20.4
20.6
13.9
15.8
24.0
25.2
21.2
21.7
13.3
20.6
16.1
13.2
6.9
12.0
6.2
21.0
25.4
17.1
14.2
7.4
Employment status among
persons aged 16 years and over
Employed.........................................................
Unemployed.....................................................
Not in the labor fo rc e ......................................
31.4
26.5
25.6
27.1
21.3
20.1
36.6
32.6
28.9
21.9
21.5
14.1
32.3
28.3
16.0
26.0
25.2
13.0
39.5
31.1
19.1
10.5
9.0
18.2
28.9
40.9
11.8
26.8
39.4
51.4
18.9
18.2
17.0
17.9
12.1
24.6
24.6
15.5
18.2
23.9
10.5
17.0
19.7
8.4
19.4
26.4
12.7
19.6
19.6
9.2
14.1
26.1
36.6
8.6
12.7
23.2
33.4
9.6
15.4
28.0
39.1
14.0
12.3
9.0
21.1
8.6
15.6
19.4
7.2
23.9
19.7
10.3
8.4
16.3
25.2
31.9
5.8
13.4
22.9
27.2
11.0
12.6
25.5
14.4
School enrollment status
among persons aged 16 to 24 years
Enrolled in high school....................................
Enrolled in college...........................................
Not enrolled in school.....................................
Educational attainment among
persons aged 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma....................
High school graduate, no college1.................
Less than a bachelor’s degree2 .....................
College graduate.............................................
22.8
34.5
46.0
1 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes the categories of some college, no degree; and associate’s
degree.
N ote :
Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid
performed activities mainly for social or community service
organizations, and 8.6 percent volunteered the most hours for
hospitals or other health organizations. (See table 4.)
Older volunteers were more likely to volunteer for religious
organizations, such as churches, than their younger counter
parts. For example, 45.2 percent of volunteers aged 65 years and
over performed volunteer activities mainly through or for a
religious organization, compared with 28.6 percent of volunteers
aged 25 to 34 years. The most common type of organization for
which 25- to 34-year-olds volunteered (34.3 percent) was in
education or youth services.
Among volunteers with children under age 18,45.9 percent
of mothers and 37.9 percent of fathers volunteered mainly for
an education or youth-service-related organization, such as a
school or Little League baseball. Parents were more than twice
as likely to volunteer for such organizations as persons with
no children of that age. In contrast, volunteers with no chil
dren under 18 were about twice as likely as parents to vol
unteer for a social or community service organization, such as
a homeless shelter or a senior citizen center.
6
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
19.2
27.2
36.4
volunteer activities for an organization at any point from September 1,2001,
through the survey week in September 2002. Details for the above race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the “other
races” group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white
and black population groups.
Volunteer activities for main organization
Volunteers performed many different types of activities. Among
the more commonly reported (volunteers could report more
than one activity) were teaching or coaching (24.4 percent);
canvassing, cam paigning, or fundraising (22.9 percent);
collecting, making, serving, or delivering goods (22.2 percent);
and serving on a board, committee, or neighborhood association
(16.3 percent). (See table 5.)
The distribution of activities differed across major de
mographic groups. For example, parents of children under 18
were much more likely to teach or coach than were persons
with no children of that age, and college graduates were more
than twice as likely as those with less than a high school
diploma to do consulting or administrative work.
How volunteers get involved
The data show that there are two primary ways in which
individuals become involved in volunteering: two in 5 did so on
Volunteers by annual hours of volunteer activities and selected characteristics, September 2002
[Num bers in thousands]
Percent distribution of total annual hours spent volunteering at all organizations
Characteristic
Total
volunteers
Total
1 to 14
hours
15 to 49
hours
50 to 99
hours
100 to 499
hours
500 or
more
hours
Not
reporting
annual
hours
Median
annual
hours'
59,163
24,514
34,649
100.0
100.0
100.0
21.5
21.1
21.8
24.1
23.4
24.6
14.8
14.5
15.0
28.2
28.9
27.6
5.9
6.6
5.4
5.5
5.4
5.6
52
52
50
59,163
7,860
4,346
3,515
51,303
9,279
15,089
12,296
7,146
7,492
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
21.5
25.2
23.7
27.1
21.0
29.2
21.0
20.5
18.1
14.2
24.1
27.9
29.4
26.0
23.5
26.5
24.8
23.0
21.9
19.4
14.8
14.2
15.2
12.9
14.9
13.6
16.3
15.9
14.2
12.8
28.2
22.0
22.0
22.0
29.1
23.2
27.8
29.7
32.2
35.4
5.9
4.1
2.8
5.7
6.2
3.5
5.8
5.7
7.4
10.0
5.5
6.6
6.9
6.3
5.3
4.0
4.3
5.3
6.1
8.2
52
40
40
36
52
34
52
53
60
96
52,164
4,987
3,769
100.0
100.0
100.0
21.4
21.0
22.9
24.4
22.2
26.6
15.1
12.6
14.9
28.1
29.8
24.3
5.8
7.0
5.2
5.2
7.5
6.0
52
52
44
2,734
12,293
14,919
21,357
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
26.0
24.1
21.1
18.4
21.6
22.7
23.3
24.4
13.8
14.0
14.5
15.8
25.3
26.8
29.7
30.6
6.1
6.1
6.4
6.2
7.2
6.3
5.1
4.7
48
50
52
60
12,177
37,823
9,163
100.0
100.0
100.0
24.3
20.8
20.8
27.3
23.2
23.6
14.4
15.1
14.1
23.1
29.8
28.5
4.7
6.0
7.1
6.1
5.2
6.0
40
53
52
15,143
9,371
100.0
100.0
20.6
21.9
23.6
23.1
13.9
15.4
28.5
29.7
7.2
5.7
6.2
4.1
52
52
20,227
14,421
100.0
100.0
20.8
23.2
24.6
24.4
14.4
15.9
28.2
26.9
5.5
5.2
6.4
4.4
52
50
42,396
40,379
31,910
8,469
2,016
16,767
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
23.2
23.3
24.0
20.9
21.8
17.2
25.0
25.0
25.3
23.7
25.7
21.7
15.2
15.2
14.8
16.5
15.3
13.8
26.8
26.8
26.2
28.8
27.2
31.8
4.9
4.8
4.8
5.1
5.9
8.5
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.0
4.1
7.0
48
48
46
52
50
72
Sex
Total, both sexes..........................................
M en..............................................................
Women.........................................................
Age
Total, 16 years and over...............................
16 to 24 ye a rs.............................................
16 to 19 years..........................................
20 to 24 years..........................................
25 years and over.......................................
25 to 34 years..........................................
35 to 44 years..........................................
45 to 54 years..........................................
55 to 64 years..........................................
65 years and o v e r....................................
Race and Hispanic origin
White..............................................................
Black...............................................................
Hispanic origin...............................................
Educational attainment2
Less than a high school diploma.................
High school graduate, no college3...............
Less than a bachelor’s degree4 ...................
College graduate...........................................
Marital status
Single, never m arried....................................
Married, spouse present...............................
Other marital status5 .....................................
Presence of own children
under 18 years6
Men:
No own children under 18 years.................
With own children under 18 years..............
Women:
No own children under 18 years.................
With own children under 18 years..............
Employment status
Civilian labor fo rc e ........................................
Employed.....................................................
Fulltime7 ...................................................
Part time8 ..................................................
Unemployed.................................................
Not in the labor fo rc e ....................................
1For those reporting annual hours.
2Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
3Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
4 Includes the cateaories of some college, no degree; and associate’s
degree.
I
5Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
6 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted
children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
7Usually work 35 or more hours a week at all jobs.
8Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
N ote : Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid
volunteer activities for an organization at any point from September 1,
2001, through the survey week in September 2002. Details for the above
race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the
“other races” group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both
the white and black population groups.
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
7
Volunteerism in the United Staters
Table 4.
Volunteers by type of main organization for which volunteer activities were performed and by selected
characteristics, September 2002
[Numbers in thousands]
Percent distribution of volunteers, by type of main organization1
Characteristics
Sex
Total, both sexes.........
Men.............................
Women........................
Age
Total, 16 years and
o v e r ...........................
16 to 24 years...........
16 to 19 years......
20 to 24 years......
25 years and over.....
25 to 34 years......
35 to 44 years......
45 to 54 years......
55 to 64 years......
65 years and
o ve r....................
Race and Hispanic
origin
White..............................
Black..............................
Hispanic origin..............
Total
volun
teers
59,163
24,514
34,649
59,163
7,860
4,346
3,515
51,303
9,279
15,089
12,296
7,146
Total
Civic,
political, Educa
profes tional or
sional,
youth
or interna service
tional
Environmental Hospital
or other
or
animal health
care
Public
safety
Social
or
Religious commu
nity
service
Sport,
hobby,
cultural,
or arts
Other
Not
reporting
type of
organization
100.0
6.1
100.0
100.0
7.6
5.1
27.2
25.5
28.5
1.6
1.7
1.6
8.6
6.7
10.0
1.4
2.3
.8
33.9
33.0
34.5
12.1
12.7
11.7
4.0
5.0
3.2
3.5
3.9
3.3
1.5
1.6
1.4
100.0
27.2
31.0
34.1
27.3
26.7
34.3
39.3
25.5
13.0
1.6
1.8
1.6
2.0
1.6
1.8
1.4
1.6
2.3
8.6
9.0
7.7
10.7
8.6
8.6
6.6
8.7
10.4
1.4
1.7
1.0
2.5
1.4
1.9
1.2
1.4
1.1
33.9
30.5
30.7
30.3
34.4
28.6
29.3
34.5
41.1
12.1
12.9
13.2
12.6
12.0
11.5
9.5
11.0
13.4
4.0
3.1
3.1
3.0
4.1
3.2
3.9
5.1
4.0
3.5
3.5
2.8
4.4
3.5
3.4
3.1
3.8
3.8
1.5
1.6
1.2
2.2
1.5
1.1
1.0
2.0
1.7
100.0
6.1
4.8
4.6
5.0
6.3
5.5
4.6
6.4
9.3
7,492
100.0
7.9
6.5
1.0
10.5
1.2
45.2
17.6
4.2
4.0
2.0
52,164
4,987
3,769
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.4
3.5
4.2
27.2
27.4
32.9
1.8
.3
.6
8.8
6.7
6.4
1.5
.6
1.1
32.9
45.3
36.6
12.2
10.0
10.7
4.1
1.6
2.8
3.6
2.9
3.3
1.4
1.7
1.3
2,734
100.0
4.6
22.6
.3
6.4
1.2
45.8
13.4
1.6
2.8
1.3
12,293
100.0
6.0
25.4
1.2
8.2
1.8
36.9
11.7
3.9
3.6
1.3
14,919
21,357
100.0
100.0
5.9
7.0
26.8
27.9
1.7
1.9
8.9
8.8
2.0
.7
34.4
31.5
11.6
12.2
3.9
4.7
3.6
3.6
1.3
1.7
12,177
100.0
6.1
28.4
2.2
9.6
1.7
27.2
14.8
4.0
4.4
1.6
37,823
9,163
100.0
6.0
100.0
6.7
28.2
21.9
1.3
2.0
7.7
11.2
1.4
1.2
36.6
31.6
10.4
15.6
4.0
3.7
3.0
4.6
1.5
1.5
15,143
100.0
9.0
17.8
2.2
8.0
2.4
33.4
15.5
4.9
4.9
1.9
9,371
100.0
5.3
37.9
.9
4.5
2.1
32.5
8.1
5.2
2.2
1.3
20,227
100.0
6.5
16.1
2.2
12.8
.8
37.3
14.7
3.8
4.1
1.6
14,421
100.0
3.1
45.9
.6
6.0
.7
30.5
7.5
2.4
2.2
1.0
42,396
40,379
31,910
8,469
2,016
16,767
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.4
6.4
6.7
5.2
5.4
5.6
28.9
28.8
28.2
31.2
31.8
23.0
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.8
2.2
1.2
8.6
8.6
8.7
8.1
8.1
8.7
1.6
1.7
1.9
.8
.9
.9
32.1
32.2
31.6
34.8
30.2
38.3
11.5
11.5
11.8
10.3
12.6
13.5
4.2
4.2
4.3
3.5
4.4
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.7
2.9
3.6
3.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
.8
1.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Educational attainment2
Less than a high school
diploma......................
High school graduate,
no college3 ................
Less than a bachelor’s
degree4 ......................
College graduate..........
Marital status
Single, never married ....
Married, spouse
present......................
Other marital status5 ....
Presence of own
children under
18 years4
Men:
No own children under
18 y e a rs ................
With own children
under 18 years......
Women:
No own children under
18 ye a rs ................
With own children
under 18 years......
Employment status
Civilian labor fo rc e .......
Employed...................
Fulltime7 ...............
Part time8..............
Unemployed................
Not in the labor force ....
100.0
worked the most hours during the year. (See the appendix for more details.)
2Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
3Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
4Includes the categories of some college, no degree; and associate’s degree.
6Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
6Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children.
Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated
children.
8
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
7Usually work 35 or more hours a week at all jobs.
0Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
N ote : Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid volunteer
activities for an organization at any point from September 1,2001, through the
survey week in September 2002. Details for the above race and Hispanicorigin groups will not sum to totals because data for the “other races” group
are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black
population groups.
Table 5.
Volunteer activities for main organization for which activities were performed and selected characteristics,
September 2002
[Numbers in thousands]______________________________________________________________________
Percent distribution of volunteer activities for main organization1
Characteristics
Ac
tivities
to
Total
protect
volun
the
teers
environ
ment
or
animals
Acti
vities to
support
emer
gency
pre
pared
ness
or relief
Ac
tivities
to
support
public
health
or
safety
4.8
5.8
4.0
8.3
9.0
7.8
Board,
Organize,
commit Canvass, Collect,
Consult supervise, Provide
tee, or cam
make, Construc
care Teach
or help
ing or
neighor- paign, serve,
tion,
or
or
with
hood
or
mainte adminis events
or
trans
coach
trative
asso
raise deliver nance
portation
or
work
ciation
funds goods
activities2
member
Other
Not
reporting
type
of
activity
Sex
Total, both sexes.......
M en............................
Women.......................
59,163
24,514
34,649
4.6
5.3
4.1
16.3
17.9
15.1
22.9
20.9
24.2
22.2
17.6
25.5
9.7
16.0
5.2
14.0
14.3
13.8
43.2
40.4
45.1
12.3
12.0
12.6
24.4
27.1
22.4
16.8
16.1
17.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
22.2
20.5
21.9
18.8
22.5
19.4
21.3
21.7
23.5
29.0
9.7
13.2
13.5
12.9
9.1
8.4
9.5
9.4
10.0
8.0
14.0
8.4
6.4
11.0
14.8
11.2
14.0
16.3
18.8
14.8
43.2
38.2
38.5
37.8
43.9
45.6
47.7
45.3
40.8
34.8
12.3
10.3
8.9
12.1
12.7
12.5
14.6
12.9
10.8
10.3
24.4
26.7
25.8
27.8
24.0
28.1
30.7
24.7
17.7
10.5
16.8
18.8
19.4
18.0
16.5
15.2
14.3
15.3
17.3
23.6
1.4
2.3
2.2
2.5
1.3
1.5
1.2
1.5
1.0
1.4
21.9
26.1
23.3
9.8
8.8
8.8
14.0
13.9
9.4
43.3
42.9
36.3
12.0
15.0
10.4
24.4
25.2
24.3
16.8
17.1
20.2
1.3
2.2
1.7
30.0
12.1
7.2
32.8
9.6
12.8
21.7
1.0
25.3
9.7
10.0
42.2
12.3
19.2
17.1
1.2
23.7
19.1
9.1
8.5
14.0
19.2
45.3
45.4
14.5
12.0
24.1
28.2
16.7
15.4
1.1
1.5
20.0
11.7
10.7
39.0
10.3
23.8
18.6
2.1
22.3
24.9
9.8
6.5
14.8
15.0
45.0
40.9
13.2
11.7
26.0
18.2
15.4
20.1
1.3
1.0
18.4
16.5
15.2
38.3
10.9
20.7
18.1
1.6
16.4
15.2
12.8
44.0
13.9
37.5
13.0
1.0
26.2
5.8
14.2
40.2
10.3
18.5
19.0
1.7
24.5
4.4
13.2
51.9
15.7
27.9
14.8
1.3
26.3
44.7
12.9
10.2
14.4
20.7
44.7
12.8
26.3
14.4
10.1
20.6
12.4
26.2
44.1
14.1
10.6
19.9
14.5
26.8
46.6
23.4
8.2
15.3
26.4
14.3
15.2
45.1
22.7
11.5
19.4
11.0
8.4
12.9
39.3
26.0
lated and unrelated children.
8Usually work 35 or more hours a week at all jobs.
9Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
15.6
15.5
15.0
17.3
17.5
19.9
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.7
Age
Total, 16 years and
22.9
16.3
4.8
8.3
4.6
o v e r.......................... 59,163
19.4
5.4
6.3
6.4
9.0
7,860
16 to 24 years..........
19.7
8.9
5.5
7.3
4.8
4,346
16 to 19 years.........
19.0
9.1
7.3
5.2
6.1
3,515
20 to 24 years.........
23.4
17.8
4.7
8.2
4.4
25 years and o v e r.... 51,303
22.4
11.8
4.9
9.1
9,279
4.5
25 to 34 years.........
16.7
25.3
8.0
4.6
4.8
35 to 44 years......... 15,089
25.0
8.9
20.3
4.2
5.0
45 to 54 years......... 12,296
21.9
25.5
5.4
8.8
7,146
5.1
55 to 64 years.........
19.6
16.3
5.5
7,492
2.7
3.3
65 years and over....
Race and Hispanic origin
23.2
8.3
16.6
4.8
4.9
White............................ 52,164
15.2
21.6
8.2
4.4
4,987
2.9
Black............................
18.9
9.1
3.3
7.3
3,769
2.8
Hispanic origin............
Educational attainment3
Less than a high
14.6
5.3
8.0
2,734
1.9
3.3
school diplom a.........
High school graduate,
23.2
14.2
4.2
6.9
3.9
no college4................ 12,293
Less than a bachelor’s
24.1
8.4
16.3
4.7
5.5
degree6 ...................... 14,919
24.1
22.2
9.1
4.8
4.5
College graduate......... 21,357
Marital status
9.1
20.9
9.5
6.2
5.0
Single, never married ... 12,177
Married, spouse
23.8
7.7
18.9
4.7
4.3
present....................... 37,823
15.2
21.6
8.8
4.1
4.5
9,163
Other marital status6 ....
Presence of own children
under 18 years7
Men:
No own children
9.4
20.6
17.9
5.9
5.5
under 18 y e a rs ..... 15,143
With own children
21.5
8.4
17.9
5.6
9,371
5.1
under 18 y e a rs .....
Women:
No own children
14.9
8.2
22.3
4.1
4.6
under 18 y e a rs ..... 20,227
With own children
27.0
7.1
15.5
3.4
4.0
under 18 y e a rs ..... 14,421
Employment status
24.5
8.8
16.6
5.2
5.0
Civilian labor fo rc e ..... 42,396
24.6
16.9
5.2
8.8
4.9
Employed.................. 40,379
17.3
25.0
9.0
4.8
5.3
Fulltime8.................. 31,910
15.6
23.0
8.1
4.8
8,469
5.0
Part time9.................
10.9
22.9
8.8
6.7
5.1
2,016
Unemployed................
18.7
15.5
3.7
6.9
3.8
Notin the labor force.... 16,767
1Main organization is defined as the organization for which the volunteer
worked the most hours during the year. (See the appendix for more details.)
2This category may have been chosen by such a large proportion of
respondents because of the word “help.” Because all volunteers “help” in
some way, the category may have become a “catch-all” response.
3 Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
4Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
5 Includes the categories of some college, no degree; and associate’s
degree.
6Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
7 Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted
children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other re
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
N ote : Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid
volunteer activities for an organization at any point from September 1,
2001, through the survey week in September 2002. Details for the above
race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the
“other races” group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both
the white and black population groups. Details will sum to greater than 100
percent because respondents could choose more than one activity.
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
9
Volunteerism in the United Staters
Table 6.
Volunteers by how they becam e involved with main organization for which volunteer activities were
performed and by selected characteristics, September 2002
[Numbers in thousands]
Percent distribution of how volunteers became involved with main organization'
Characteristic
Was asked by—
Someone
Relative,
in the
Boss or
Someone
employer friend, or organiza
else
coworker
tion or
school
Other
Not
reporting
how
involve
ment cam«
about
1.4
1.3
1.4
14.9
14.8
14.9
2.1
2.0
2.2
25.8
20.8
21.8
19.6
26.6
25.0
27.9
27.1
26.0
25.5
1.4
2.1
2.5
1.6
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.5
14.9
16.2
16.7
15.6
14.7
15.6
14.4
14.7
14.2
14.4
2.1
2.9
3.1
2.7
2.0
2.2
1.8
2.0
1.9
2.1
14.2
13.6
12.9
26.0
25.1
24.5
1.3
2.0
1.5
14.7
14.7
16.4
2.0
2.8
2.3
.6
1.2
1.8
1.7
15.1
14.7
13.8
13.1
27.6
26.1
26.1
27.0
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.2
13.7
14.6
15.8
14.0
1.9
1.8
1.6
2.3
39.9
44.3
41.6
1.6
1.4
1.4
16.2
13.3
14.5
20.1
28.0
24.3
1.9
1.3
1.2
15.6
14.4
15.8
3.0
1.9
1.6
40.0
42.9
1.4
15.8
24.0
1.5
14.9
2.2
100.0
38.2
45.3
1.7
14.2
28.0
1.1
14.8
1.7
20,227
100.0
41.4
40.8
1.4
15.1
22.6
1.5
15.3
2.4
14,421
100.0
39.5
44.5
1.5
10.9
30.8
1.3
14.2
1.8
42,396
40,379
31,910
8,469
2,016
16,767
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
39.2
39.0
38.3
41.6
43.3
42.4
43.7
43.9
44.6
41.0
40.7
41.1
1.9
2.0
2.3
.8
1.6
.3
14.5
14.5
15.1
12.3
15.0
13.1
25.7
25.9
25.9
26.1
21.6
26.1
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.6
2.3
1.4
15.1
15.2
15.2
15.1
14.3
14.2
2.0
2.0
1.9
2.3
1.7
2.4
Total
Ap
proached
the
organi
zation
59,163
24,514
34,649
100.0
100.0
100.0
40.1
39.3
40.6
43.0
43.8
42.3
1.5
1.5
1.4
14.1
15.2
13.4
25.8
25.5
26.0
59,163
7,860
4,346
3,515
51,303
9,279
15,089
12,296
7,146
7,492
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
40.1
40.7
40.6
40.9
40.0
38.1
39.8
39.7
40.6
42.6
43.0
40.2
39.6
40.8
43.4
44.1
44.0
43.7
43.3
40.8
1.5
.9
.2
1.9
1.6
3.0
1.6
1.4
1.2
.3
14.1
16.1
14.9
17.7
13.8
14.6
13.1
13.7
14.7
13.5
52,164
4,987
3,769
100.0
100.0
100.0
40.0
40.5
40.4
43.3
42.1
40.9
1.5
1.3
1.8
2,734
2,293
14,919
21,357
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
39.2
40.3
39.4
40.3
45.2
43.4
43.1
43.3
12,177
37,823
9,163
100.0
100.0
100.0
41.5
39.4
41.0
15,143
100.0
9,371
Total
volunteers
Total
Sex
Total, both sexes.........................
Men............................................
Women.......................................
Age
Total, 16 years and over.............
16 to 24 years...........................
16 to 19 y e a rs .......................
20 to 24 y e a rs .......................
25 years and over....................
25 to 34 years ......................
35 to 44 y e a rs ......................
45 to 54 y e a rs .......................
55 to 64 y e a rs .......................
65 years and over.................
Race and Hispanic origin
White.............................................
Black.............................................
Hispanic origin..............................
Educational attainment2
Less than a high school diploma.
High school graduate, no college3 .
Less than a bachelor’s degree4....
College graduate.........................
Marital status
Single, never married....................
Married, spouse present.............
Other marital status6 ...................
Presence of own children
under 18 years6
Men:
No own children under 18 years.
With own children under
18 y e a rs .................................
Women:
No own children under
18 y e a rs .................................
With own children under
18 years .................................
Employment status
Civilian labor fo rc e ......................
Employed...................................
Fulltime7.................................
Part time8................................
Unemployed...............................
Not in the labor fo rc e ..................
'Main organization is defined as the organization for which the volunteer
worked the most hours during the year. (See the appendix for more details.)
2Data refer to persons 25 years and over.
3Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
4 Includes the categories of some college, no degree and associate’s
degree.
5Includes divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
6Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children.
Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and
10
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
unrelated children.
7Usually work 35 or more hours a week at all jobs.
8Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
N ote : Data on volunteers relate to persons who performed unpaid
volunteer activities for an organization at any point from September 1,
2001, through the survey week in September 2002. Details for the above
race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the
“other races” group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both
the white and black population groups.
their own initiative, approaching the organization for which they
did volunteer work, and another 2 in 5 were asked to become a
volunteer, most often by somebody in the organization. (See
table 6.)
T he
results from the
2002 v o lu n tee r
supplem ent
show
that about 59 million people, or slightly more than 1 in 4 persons
aged 16 years and over, volunteered in the year prior to September
2002. The propensity to volunteer varied by demographic and
labor force characteristics. Future surveys will track changes in
the number and characteristics of volunteers.4
Notes__________________________________
1 The Current Population Survey ( cps ) is a monthly survey of about
60,000 households that focuses on obtaining inform ation on
employm ent and unemployment among the N ation’s civilian
noninstitutional population aged 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of the survey and its concepts, definitions, and methodology,
see “Technical Notes to the Household Survey,’’published in
Employment and Earnings and on the Internet at http://stats.bls.gov/
cps/cpseetn.pdf.
2 For more information on volunteer work in the United States, see
Richard B.Freeman, “Working for Nothing: The Supply of Volunteer
Labor,” Working Paper 5435 (National Bureau of Economic Research,
January 1996).
3 For example, the Campus Compact, a national coalition of more
than 900 college and university presidents, seeks to encourage
community service among students in higher education. (See the
organization’s mission statem ent on the Internet at h ttp ://
w ww .com pact.org/aboutcc/.)
4For more inform ation on the Septem ber 2002 volunteer
supplement, see the technical note to the December 2002 news release,
on the Internet at http://w w w .bls.gov/new s.release/volun.tn.htm .
A ppendix : Concepts and Definitions
Volunteers are persons who perform ed unpaid volunteer
activities at any point from September 1, 2001, through the
survey week in September 2002. The count of volunteers
includes only persons who volunteered through or for an
org an izatio n ; the fig u res do not include p ersons who
volunteered in a more informal manner. For example, a woman
who teaches acting to children through a local theater would
be considered a volunteer; by contrast, a woman who, on her
ow n, organizes so ftb all gam es for the child ren in her
neighborhood would not be counted as a volunteer for the
purpose of the survey.
Organizations are associations, societies, or groups of
people who share a common interest. Examples are churches,
youth groups, and civic organizations. For the purpose of
this article, organizations are classified into eight major
categories, including religious, youth, and social or community
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
service organizations. (See table 4.)
A volunteer’s main organization is the organization for
which the volunteer worked the most hours during the year. If
a survey respondent volunteered for only one organization,
that was considered the main organization, even if exact hours
were not obtained.
In order to identify the type o f m ain o rg an izatio n ,
re sp o n d e n ts h ad to p ro v id e in fo rm a tio n ab o u t the
organization and, for those who volunteered for more than
one organization, annual hours w orked for each. Some
respondents did not provide the information necessary to
d e te rm in e the type o f m ain o rg a n iz a tio n . F o r th ese
respondents, the followup questions on activities and how
the individuals became involved with the main organization
asked them to report on the organization for which they
thought they spent the most time volunteering.
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
11
Hispanic Consumers
A changing market: expenditures
by Hispanic consumers, revisited
As the composition o f the Hispanic population changed,
Hispanic consumers continued to increase their share o f spending
at a substantial pace; a revisited study examines whether changes
in expenditure patterns are due to changes in income or other similar
factors, or due to changes in underlying preferences
Geoffrey D. Paulin
Geoffrey D. Paulin
Is a senior
economist in the
Division of
Consumer Expen
diture Surveys,
Bureau of Labor
Statistics. E-mail:
Paulin_G@bls.gov.
he H ispanic population in the U nited
States continues to grow. Accounting for
more than 6 percent of the U.S. population
in 1980, the share nearly doubled by the year
2000, with Hispanics accounting for just under
12 percent of the p opulation,1 Growing at more
than 1 percent every 5 years since 1980, the
H ispanic p opulation experienced its largest
increase during the 1995-2000 period, when it
increased nearly 1.5 percent. Similarly, Hispanics
account for an increasing portion of consumer
spending— more than 6 percent in 1995 and more
than 7 percent in 2000.2
M any authors treat H ispanics as a hom o
genous group, and have shown differences in
expenditure patterns from other groups, such as
W hite and Black consumers.3 However, recent
w ork h as show n th a t w ith in the H isp an ic
com m unity, expenditure patterns differ sub
stantially by geographic origin. That is, families
of Mexican origin spend differently from those
o f P u erto R ican, C uban, or those o f other
H ispanic origin. This is true of expenditure
patterns in general,4 and for expenditures on
specific item s, such as food.5 Due to these
differences, it is important to note that the size
and composition o f the U.S. Hispanic population
are changing. From 1994-95 to 2000-01, the
number of Hispanic consumer units grew faster
(21.8 percent) than the number of non-Hispanic
T
12 Monthly Labor Review August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
consum er units (5.9 p ercent).6 A m ong those
Hispanic consumer units, the growth rates ranged
from 9.4 percent for M exican families to 76.6
percent for other Spanish families. The change in
com position can be seen when exam ining the
distribution of consumer units by ethnic origin.
A lthough M exican origin was still the largest
segment in 2000-01 (56 percent), it has fallen as a
share of all Hispanic consumer units since 199495 (62 percent). The Puerto Rican share was a
little more than 11 percent in both years, while all
other groups saw increases in their shares of
H ispanic fam ilies over the same tim e period.
Cuban and Central or South American families
increased their shares between 1 percentage point
and 2 percentage points; those of other Spanish
origin increased their share by nearly 4 percentage
points. (See table 1.) It is important to point out
that some of these changes are undoubtedly due to
changes in procedures used by the source from
w h ich th e se d a ta are o b ta in e d . H o w ev er,
independent sources also show differences in
growth patterns within the Hispanic community.7
G iven the diversity of expenditure patterns
across geo g rap h ic o rig in , and the changing
composition of the Hispanic market, it is important
to examine recent expenditure patterns for the
H ispanic population in the U nited States. In
ad d itio n to exam ining the m ost re c e n t data
available, that is, data from 2000-01, this article
■ W e ig h te d n u m b e rs a n d d is trib u tio n s o f H is p a n ic a n d n o n -H is p a n ic c o n s u m e r units, 1994-95 a n d
2000-01
Number of consumer units
Percent change
Characteristic
1994-95
200(H) 1
All consumer un its.............................................
Hispanics.......................................................
Non-Hispanics................................................
102,313,790
7,791,811
94,521,979
109,606,058
9,491,475
100,114,583
7.1
21.8
5.9
Total Hispanics..................................................
Mexican..........................................................
Puerto R ican..................................................
Cuban.............................................................
Central or South American............................
Other Spanish................................................
7,791,811
4,835,721
897,347
357,584
1,049,660
651,499
9,491,475
5,289,878
1,081,220
579,773
1,390,334
1,150,271
21.8
9.4
20.5
62.1
32.5
76.6
Percentage of consumer units
Change in percentage
1994-95
2000-01
All consumer un its.............................................
Hispanics.......................................................
Non-Hispanics................................................
100.0
7.6
92.4
100.0
8.7
91.3
1.1
-1.1
Total Hispanics..................................................
Mexican..........................................................
Puerto Rican..................................................
Cuban..............................................................
Central or South American...........................
Other Spanish................................................
100.0
62.1
11.5
4.6
13.5
8.4
100.0
55.7
11.4
6.1
14.6
12.1
-6.4
-.1
1.5
1.1
3.9
up d ates p re v io u s w ork in th is area, w hich exam ined
expenditures that occurred in 1994-95.8 Because the intra
eth n ic d iffe re n c es fo r H isp a n ic co n su m ers are w ellestablished in the literature, this article examines differences
w ithin the H ispanic com m unity rather than com paring
Hispanics as a whole to other groups, as the previous work
had done. Otherwise, the analysis is similar: Expenditure
patterns are exam ined at the aggregate (total consum er
spending) level; for the average consumer unit within each
Hispanic group; and using regression analysis to estimate how
spending patterns differ for Hispanic groups when income
and characteristics other than geographic origin are the same.
The data
The data used in this study are from the Interview component
of the Consumer Expenditure Survey. The Interview survey
is a panel survey designed to collect expenditure information
from fam ilies over five consecutive periods. During the
second through fifth interviews, the respondent is asked to
recall expenditures for the last 3 months for most items in the
survey. The first interview, which has a 1-month recall period,
is used for bounding purposes— that is, to make sure that the
expenditures reported took place during the reference period.
(For example, a family that purchased a refrigerator during
the month prior to the first interview should report it during
the first interview. If the respondent for that same family
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
reports purchasing a refrigerator in the second interview, the
interviewer can make sure that the respondent is not referring
to the same refrigerator reported in the first interview.) The
Interview survey is designed primarily to collect recurring
(for example, rent or insurance) and “big ticket” (for example,
autom obiles or m ajor appliances) expenditures, because
outlays for such items tend to be rem em bered for long
periods. A lthough it is designed p rim arily to co llect
expenditures for relatively large purchases and expenses that
occur on a regular basis, the Interview survey covers up to 95
percent of all expenditures.9 Although the sample size for the
Interview survey was about 5,000 consumer units per quarter
in 1994-95, the sample size increased in 1999 to include
about 7,500 consumer units per quarter.
The sample used for study in this article includes all
consumer units interviewed in 2000 or 2001, who identify
their reference person10 as being of Mexican; Puerto Rican;
Cuban; Central or South American; or other Spanish origin.11
The sam ple includes observations from 5,546 H ispanic
consumer units interviewed in 2000-01. The smallest group
is Cubans (335 consumer units), and the largest group is
Mexicans (3,212 consumer units). However, the observations
may not be of unique consum er units. In the Consum er
Expenditure Survey, the data are collected so that each quarter
of data can be treated independently, even if consum er
units have participated for more than one quarter. The data
examined here are weighted to reflect the U.S. population.
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
13
Hispanic Consumers
Demographic characteristics
Among the several demographic characteristics for each of
the Hispanic groups under study, income before taxes and age of
reference person appear to have changed substantially over the
1994-95 to 2000-01 period. (See table 2.) On average, income
before taxes appears to have experienced increases over time
for complete income reporters.12 The smallest increase is for
Puerto Ricans (5.8 percent); the largest is for Central or South
Americans (46.1 percent). Except for Puerto Ricans and other
S p an ish fa m ilie s, th ese in creases all are sta tistic a lly
significant. However, these changes are only correct for
nominal income. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose from
150.3 in the 1994-95 period to 174.7 in 2000-01; an increase
of 16.2 percent. After adjusting for inflation, the outcomes
are very different. Puerto Ricans had lower earnings in real
(that is, inflation-adjusted) dollars (-8 .9 percent). Income
for all other groups increased, but at varying rates. Other
Spanish real income rose 2.2 percent, while income for
Central or South Americans rose 25.8 percent in real terms.
Furthermore, none of these changes (increases or declines) is
statistically sig n ifican t for any individual group, once
variance is taken into account. Similarly, over the same
period, age of reference person appears to have changed for
several groups. R elatively large changes in average age
appear for Puerto Rican, Cuban, and other Spanish families.
H ow ever, when the variance in each year is taken into
account, the changes in age are not found to be statistically
significant.
Several dem ographics for w hich percent reporting is
show n have also changed, and in ways that one would
probably associate with im proved econom ic status. For
example, the percentage of homeowners increased for all
Hispanics from 42 percent to nearly 47 percent over the study
period. In particular, large changes are seen for Puerto Ricans
(26 to 35 percent); Cubans (46 to 59 percent); and other
Spanish families (37 to 61 percent). Educational attainment
has also increased for most groups, with declines in high
school or less education, and increases in percent reporting
at least some college. The exception is other Spanish families,
for whom the percent reporting some high school or less rose
sharply, from 19 percent to 31 percent. In contrast, the percent
reporting high school graduation dropped from 30 percent to
22 percent. Similarly, the percentage of college graduates
dropped from 23 percent to 15 percent. Other than the group
of some high school or less, only the group with some college
increased, from 28 p ercent to 32 p ercent am ong those
reporting for other Spanish families. Several groups also
reported higher percentages of reference persons for their
consum er units who were working for pay. For example,
Puerto Ricans reported 60 percent working (58 percent for a
wage or salary; 2 percent self-em ployed) in 1994-95,
compared with 68 percent in 2000-01. Although the percent
14 Monthly Labor Review August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
retired rose, from 7 percent to 10 percent, for this group, the
proportion not working for reasons other than retirement fell
from 34 percent to 24 percent. Similarly, Central or South
A m erican households reported 78 percent of reference
persons working in 1994-95, and 19 percent not working for
reason other than retirem ent. However, in 2000-01, the
working proportion rose to 84 percent, and the other-reasonsnot-working proportion fell to 11 percent. In most other cases,
the proportions w ere sim ilar in each period, w ith the
exception of other Spanish households. For this group, the
percent reporting that the reference person works dropped
from 70 percent to 66 percent. Wage and salary reporters
dropped from 67 to 60 percent, w hile reports o f selfemployment rose from 3 percent to 6 percent. The largest
change, though, was in retirement: 9 percent of these other
Spanish households reported a retired reference person in
1994-95, compared with 20 percent in 2000-01. At the same
time, the percent reporting reference persons not working for
reasons other than retirement dropped from more than 1 in 5
to about 1 in 7. W hether the changes in occupational status
indicate higher economic status is an open question. It may
be that the “others not working for pay” rate was higher in
1994-95 than 2000-01 because more families in 1994-95
could afford to have the reference person stay at home than
those could in 2000-01. (One of the reasons for “others not
working pay,” for example, is staying home to take care of
children or family members.) If the changes described in the
composition of the Hispanic community are due to increases
in immigration by different groups, this also could play a role,
as it is reasonable to assume that the desire to work is a major
factor in the decision to immigrate.13
Other characteristics were stable over the period. For
example, family composition did not change much for most
Hispanic families, except for Cubans, who are less likely to
be single and more likely to be “other families” in 2000-01
th an in 1 9 9 4 -9 5 . S im ila rly , o th e r S p a n ish fa m ilie s
experienced an increase in married-couple families (with and
without children) and a decrease in other families. Degree of
urbanization did not change substantially, except for other
Spanish families; for this group in 1994-95, there were about
30 urban families for every rural family; but in 2000-01, there
were only 2 urban families for every rural family.
Changes by region are also interesting. Except for Mexican
and P u erto R ican fa m ilie s, all g ro u p s show sm aller
proportions in the Northeast in 2000-01 than in 1994-95.
W hich region experiences grow th at the expense of the
N ortheast’s decline is different across Hispanic groups.
All groups but one show increases in the proportion of
non-W hite families. The exception is other Spanish, for
which the proportion of W hite families rises from 89 percent
to 92 percent, and the proportion of Black families declines
Table 2.
General characteristics of Hispanics by geographic origin, 1994-95 and 2000-01
Geographic origin of reference person
General
characteristic
All Hispanics
1994-95
Sample s iz e ............
Number of consumer
units represented....
Percent of consumer
units represented...
2,940
Mexican
2000-01
5,446
7,791,811 9,491,476
1994-95
1,727
2000-01
3,212
4,835,721 5,289,878
Cuban
1994-95 2000-01
1994-95 2000-01
331
574
897,347 1,081,220
100.0
100.0
62.1
55.7
11.5
11.4
$27,112
$34,984
$26,063
$33,703
$28,332
$29,984
87.8
83.9
87.3
84.6
84.5
84.6
Age of reference
person.................
41.0
42.5
40.1
40.6
40.5
Average number in
consumer unit:
Persons................
Under 1 8 ...........
Age 65 and older
3.4
1.3
.2
3.4
1.2
.2
3.7
1.5
.2
3.8
1.5
.2
Earners................
1.5
1.6
1.6
Vehicles................
Automobiles.....
Other vehicles ..
1.6
1.1
.5
1.6
.9
.7
Housing
characteristics:
Rooms (excluding
bedrooms).......
Bedrooms.........
Bathrooms........
Half-baths.........
4.8
2.4
1.3
.1
Income before taxes1
Percent complete
reporters..............
Percent distribution:
Housing tenure:
Homeowner........
With mortgage...
Without
mortgage.......
Renter..............
Race of reference
person:
W hite..................
Black.................
O ther.................
Education of
reference person:
Some high school
or less..............
High school
graduate..........
Some college.....
College graduate
Family composition:
Single person....
Husband and wife
o n ly .................
Husband and wife,
own children
o n ly ..................
Single parent.....
Other fam ilies....
Central or
South American
Puerto Rican
174
335
1994-95
434
2000-01
784
Other Spanish
1994-95
2000-01
274
541
357,584 579,773 1,049,660 1,390,334 651,499 1,150,271
6.1
13.5
$28,370 $38,813
$28,781
4.6
8.4
12.1
$42,057 $29,703
$35,284
14.6
92.6
84.4
89.6
82.3
89.9
82.8
43.5
54.7
50.0
39.2
40.7
43.3
48.4
3.0
1.1
.2
2.9
1.0
.2
2.4
.5
.5
2.7
.6
.4
3.2
1.2
.1
3.1
.9
.1
2.8
.9
.2
2.5
.7
.4
1.8
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.4
1.3
1.8
1.1
.7
1.7
.9
.8
.9
.8
.1
1.1
.8
.3
1.3
1.1
.2
1.4
.9
.5
1.3
1.1
.2
1.3
.9
.4
1.5
1.1
.4
1.7
1.0
.7
4.8
2.4
1.4
.1
4.8
2.4
1.3
.1
4.8
2.4
1.4
.1
4.8
2.3
1.2
.1
4.7
2.3
1.2
.2
4.5
2.1
1.5
.1
4.6
2.6
1.7
.2
4.7
2.3
1.4
.2
4.5
2.2
1.4
.2
5.0
2.4
1.3
.2
5.1
2.5
1.4
.2
42.1
28.0
46.8
29.8
48.1
29.4
48.1
30.3
26.2
22.4
35.1
24.4
45.5
31.9
58.8
45.7
30.5
27.3
33.8
27.0
36.5
24.7
61.1
27.6
14.1
57.9
17.0
53.2
18.7
51.9
17.8
51.9
3.8
73.8
10.7
64.9
13.6
54.5
13.2
41.2
3.2
69.5
6.9
66.2
11.8
63.5
33.5
38.9
95.6
3.3
1.1
93.9
4.5
1.6
97.9
0.9
1.2
96.7
1.4
1.9
93.2
4.9
1.9
88.6
10.7
.7
94.7
5.3
(2)
91.4
7.1
1.5
91.5
7.4
1.1
89.4
9.8
.8
89.4
10.4
(2)
92.3
5.2
2.5
45.0
41.8
52.0
49.9
40.8
37.2
42.0
26.8
34.0
29.6
18.6
30.9
26.1
18.6
10.3
24.4
22.5
11.3
25.9
16.4
5.7
24.5
19.6
6.1
28.7
19.5
10.9
27.9
25.4
9.5
20.7
18.2
19.0
25.6
23.1
24.5
23.8
22.6
19.6
22.9
23.3
24.2
30.4
27.7
23.3
22.3
31.7
15.0
15.8
15.8
11.8
11.0
19.7
19.4
36.2
19.2
17.7
18.2
25.7
29.8
10.9
10.3
11.6
8.5
7.2
9.8
17.2
16.0
8.1
9.4
11.7
17.6
34.1
11.9
27.3
33.3
9.1
31.5
38.6
10.4
27.7
38.5
8.2
33.9
27.0
22.0
24.1
22.5
17.5
30.7
26.1
2.6
17.9
23.2
4.8
36.8
30.5
15.4
28.3
32.1
7.8
32.4
20.9
9.1
32.6
26.2
9.0
17.5
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
15
Hispanic Consumers
Table 2. Continued—General characteristics of Hispanics by geographic origin, 1994-95 and 2000-01
Geographic origin of reference person
General
characteristic
Region.....................
Northeast...............
M idwest.................
S o u th .....................
W est........................
Degree Urbanization
Urban.......................
Rural.........................
Working status of
reference person:
Wage or salary
earner....................
Self-employed........
Retired...................
Other not working ...
All Hispanics
Mexican
Puerto Rican
Central or
South American
Other Spanish
1994-95
2000-01
16.7
7.1
35.6
40.7
15.5
7.0
34.9
42.6
0.8
8.3
35.6
55.3
1.5
7.8
37.6
53.1
67.7
4.8
24.7
2.8
67.7
9.6
17.8
5.0
16.0
.4
75.4
8.2
7.3
6.1
78.0
8.6
37.8
6.5
30.1
25.7
29.0
4.8
35.7
30.5
30.1
6.0
37.5
26.3
18.8
4.2
15.8
61.2
98.3
1.7
93.8
6.2
98.2
1.8
96.5
3.5
98.2
1.8
99.7
.3
100.0
(2)
96.8
3.2
99.2
.8
99.4
.6
96.8
3.2
67.9
32.1
72.1
3.8
8.6
15.5
71.9
3.6
9.2
15.3
76.3
3.8
9.0
10.9
75.3
2.9
6.6
15.3
57.8
2.1
6.6
33.6
65.9
1.9
9.8
23.5
63.6
2.0
22.6
11.8
65.0
2.1
20.5
12.3
71.1
6.5
3.4
19.0
77.8
5.9
5.4
10.9
66.7
3.0
9.1
21.2
59.8
6.3
19.7
14.3
1994-95
2000-01
1994-95 2000-01 1994-95 2000-01 1994-95
1Complete income reporters only.
substantially, from 10 percent to 5 percent. However, the
proportion from other races increases over the period from
virtually none in 1994-95 (there were no data reported that
year) to 3 percent in 2000-01.
Expenditure patterns
Aggregate expenditures.
Aggregate annual expenditures are
the total dollars in the economy that are accounted for by
each group’s spending. The term “aggregate expenditure
shares” in this case is defined as the proportion of total
“Hispanic expenditures” accounted for by each group. Table
3 show s aggregate annual ex penditures and aggregate
expenditure shares for Hispanics in 1994-95 and 2000-01.
N o te th a t in e v e ry case (e x c e p t re a d in g ) a g g re g a te
expenditures rose from 1994-95 to 2000-01, at least for
Hispanics as a whole. This is less meaningful than it might
seem at first glance, because these data are in nom inal
dollars— that is, they do not account for inflation. This
adjustment will be made subsequently. More useful, perhaps,
is to examine aggregate expenditure shares. Most groups
accounted for their expected share for most items (according
to their share of the population), but spent differently than
expected for other items. For example, in 2000-01, M exican
families account for 56 percent of Hispanic families, and
account for 56 percent of Hispanic spending on apparel and
services, but they account for less spending than expected
for housing (51 percent) and more for transportation (59
percent). These differences are similar to the earlier period;
Mexicans accounted for 62 percent of Hispanic households,
58 percent of Hispanic housing expenditures, and 65 percent
of Hispanic expenditures on transportation.
16 Monthly Labor Review August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Cuban
2000-01 1994-95
2000-01
2 No data reported.
As in 1994-95, expenditures on transportation in 2000-01
show interesting patterns. M exican families account for a
little more spending on private transportation, and Puerto
Ricans account for less than expected; but other groups
account for approximately their population share. However,
the public transportation share varies substantially from the
p o p u latio n share for all groups ex cep t o th er S panish
consumer units (who account for 12 percent of the Hispanic
population, and 11 percent of Hispanic public transportation
expenditures). M exican families (56 percent of Hispanic
families) and Cuban families (6 percent of Hispanic families)
account for far less of the aggregate public transportation
expenditure— 38 percent for Mexican families, and 3 percent
for Cuban families. Puerto Rican families (11 percent of
Hispanic families) and Central or South American families
(15 percent of Hispanic families) account for far greater
shares than expected— 21 percent for Puerto Ricans, and 28
percent for Central or South American families.
In health care, the results are mixed among the groups.
Other Spanish families spend more than their share for all
components of health care. Cuban families also spend more
than their share for all components except medical supplies.
Puerto Rican families spend less than their share for all
components, as do Mexican families (except for prescription
drugs, which, at 57 percent, is slightly larger than their
population share). Central or South American families show
mixed results for each component.
Expenditure levels and percent reporting.
As with aggregate
annual expenditures, nearly all expenditures in 2000-01 are
larger than those in 1994-95. However, this does not necessarily
mean that any group is purchasing more— it may only be a
Table 3.
Aggregate expenditure shares for Hispanics by geographic origin of the reference person, 1994-95
and 2Ö00-01
Aggregate expenditure share (in percent)
Expenditure
category
Total Hispanics
Mexican
1994-95
Number........................ 7,791,811
Percent of total
Hispanics................
2000-01
1994-95
2000-01
9,491,476 4,835,721 5,289,878
Puerto Rican
Cuban
1994-95 2000-01
1994-95 2000-01
897,347 1,081,220 357,584
Other Spanish
Central or South
American
1994-95
579,773
1,049,660
2000-01
1994-95
2000-01
1,390,334 651,499 1,150,271
100.0
100.0
62.1
55.7
11.5
11.4
4.6
6.1
13.5
14.6
8.4
12.1
$194.1
29.3
$290.9
38.6
60.2
60.8
53.7
56.6
10.7
12.4
10.1
10.8
4.6
4.3
7.0
5.9
15.3
13.9
17.6
16.3
9.1
8.5
11.6
10.4
Housing (excluding
vacation and
pleasure trip s )......
Shelter and utilities
Other housing.....
64.9
56.2
8.6
97.1
83.3
13.7
57.9
57.2
62.1
51.4
51.4
51.0
11.8
12.0
10.8
11.3
11.6
9.7
4.4
4.2
5.4
7.9
7.9
8.3
17.1
17.7
13.1
18.6
18.4
19.7
8.8
8.9
8.5
10.8
10.7
11.4
Apparel and services
9.7
12.5
64.3
55.9
10.4
11.1
3.1
5.0
13.7
16.4
8.5
11.6
36.1
35.2
62.9
61.8
65.3
66.3
58.8
59.1
7.3
7.0
7.7
7.4
4.2
4.2
6.4
6.5
14.0
13.6
15.7
15.4
9.1
8.9
11.5
11.5
.9
1.1
27.2
38.1
20.3
21.3
5.8
2.7
30.5
27.5
16.3
10.7
7.5
3.7
3.0
.6
.2
11.1
5.8
3.4
1.4
.4
60.9
61.3
60.9
59.7
55.4
50.8
47.9
53.9
56.9
47.4
10.0
12.2
6.4
11.8
15.2
9.5
10.6
7.6
10.0
9.0
6.1
7.8
3.6
7.8
5.1
8.3
9.4
7.5
6.9
4.7
14.2
9.0
21.3
10.6
15.9
15.1
14.5
18.2
10.8
12.5
8.8
9.6
7.6
9.6
8.4
16.2
17.5
13.0
15.4
26.0
17.3
25.5
57.3
52.5
11.3
10.9
5.4
7.3
15.9
17.1
10.2
12.2
7.0
7.3
.6
10.3
10.9
.6
60.3
58.9
50.5
56.0
53.8
51.1
9.5
11.4
13.7
9.3
11.1
12.2
5.4
5.2
5.5
6.2
7.2
6.7
16.5
13.7
18.5
16.8
15.1
15.1
8.4
10.8
12.5
11.6
12.9
15.6
1.5
1.0
2.1
1.7
42.8
49.4
40.5
38.1
15.6
14.9
13.0
15.8
6.1
6.0
10.6
10.9
21.0
18.3
26.4
21.2
14.3
11.3
9.3
13.9
29.3
1.4
45.7
2.0
58.6
65.8
50.6
55.0
10.8
6.8
9.5
8.7
5.6
5.6
7.1
6.9
15.0
14.6
20.0
17.9
9.9
7.3
12.9
11.5
1.1
2.2
1.6
3.3
15.7
4.0
1.7
3.2
2.2
6.5
25.4
4.7
52.2
39.6
55.8
58.0
59.3
66.8
46.9
35.6
52.0
46.1
53.6
49.3
23.6
17.7
10.6
8.4
10.4
8.6
17.0
12.4
10.4
8.0
9.3
7.7
4.0
7.1
7.5
10.3
4.5
5.4
8.4
6.8
7.2
5.1
7.0
9.9
9.6
26.6
16.9
13.4
14.6
12.4
13.4
26.9
17.6
30.5
17.2
20.1
10.6
8.8
9.4
9.8
11.2
6.8
14.2
18.2
13.0
10.2
12.9
13.0
Total expenditures
(In billions of dollars )
Food at home..........
Transportation
excluding vacation
and pleasure trips)
Private..................
Public (excluding
vacation and
pleasure trips)....
Health care.................
Health insurance....
Medical services....
Prescription drugs...
Medical supplies.....
Recreation and
related expenditures.
Food away from
home.....................
Entertainment.........
Reading..................
Transportation
(on trip s )...............
Other lodging..........
O ther...........................
Alcohol.....................
Tobacco and smoking
supplies.............
Education ...............
Personal ca re .........
Cash contributions..
Personal insurance .
Miscellaneous........
reflection of increasing prices. To help account for this, the
percent change betw een 1994—95 and 2000-01 in each
expenditure is shown in table 4 for each group. As noted
earlier, the CPI for all items rose 16.2 percent from 1994-95
to 2000-01. Therefore, if all goods and services under study
had price increases at the same rate, expenditures for each
good and service would be expected to rise 16.2 percent if
q u a n titie s p u rc h a se d did n o t c h a n g e . In c re a se s in
expenditures of more than 16.2 percent would indicate larger
quantities purchased, while increases of less than 16.2 percent
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(or decreases in expenditures) would indicate a decrease in
quantity purchased. Even so, using the CPI in this way must
be done with caution. The CPI is most useful when market
baskets (the mix of goods and services purchased) do not
change over tim e. It is possible that a change in real
expenditure as measured by deflating a nominal expenditure
by the CPI m ay be due to the fact that consum ers are
purchasing a different combination of goods and services in
the second period than in the first, rather than a change in the
total number of goods and services purchased.
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
17
Hispanic Consumers
The CPI for all items is most reliable for total expenditures,
because the index reflects price changes in overall consumer
purchases. Given this, it can be seen from table 4 that for
Hispanics in general, total expenditures increased in real terms
over this period. That is, the average annual expenditure for
all Hispanics rose 23.0 percent, in excess of the 16.2 percent
threshold. However, the table also shows that the increases
were not consistent across groups: the rate of increase for
Central or South American families (29.5 percent) and Cuban
fam ilies (40.6 percent) was m uch faster than the rate of
increase in the CPI. For other Spanish families, the increase
(8 percent) was smaller than the increase in the CPI. These
findings are less surprising when considering changes in real
income, described earlier. Puerto Rican families had the only
decline in real income (9 percent), and other Spanish families
had the sm allest increase (2 percent). Central or South
American families (26 percent) and Cuban families (18 percent)
had the largest increases in real income. Mexican families,
whose total expenditures rose slightly faster (18.2 percent)
than the CPI (16.2 percent), had increases in real income of
11.3 percent.
For other expenditures, analysis using the CPI for all items
may not accurately reflect changes in spending patterns. For
exam ple, ex penditures for apparel and services by all
Hispanics rose by only 6 percent during the period under
study. Applying the CPI for all items to this item would make
it appear that Hispanics on average dramatically reduced their
clothing purchases. However, the CPI specifically for apparel
and services declined 3.2 percent during the period under
study. Therefore, quantities purchased increased substantially
for the average Hispanic consumer unit. To correct for this,
changes in expenditures for selected items are compared with
changes in their price indexes. Most of the items selected are
major categories from table 4 (for example, food at home).
However, caution should be used when interpreting these data.
As noted earlier, there may be changes in the composition of the
market basket for a particular good or service. For example,
when considering food at home, consumers may still purchase
the same total number of pounds of meat in two periods, but
may purchase more beef and less poultry in one period than the
other. Assuming the prices are different for these goods, the
reallocation of purchases by itself would cause expenditures
for food at home to change, even if prices for all food items
were constant over tim e. In addition, although the CPI
category may appear to match the expenditure, there may be
differences in the CPI category and the expenditure category.
For example, the cpi for transportation includes changes in
prices o f airfares. Expenditures for airfares in this study are
included in “transportation on trips,” which is included in the
separate “recreation and related expenditures” category.
The cpi for food at home increased at about the same rate
(16.5 percent) as the cpi for all items. Given this increase in
prices, it is interesting to see dram atic declines in real
18
Monthly Labor Review August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
expenditures for food at home for most Hispanics. For the
average Hispanic family, expenditures for food at home rose
only 8.0 percent. For Mexican families (12.0 percent) and
C uban fam ilies (11.1 percent), the rate of increase in
expenditures for food at home was also less than the CPI for
food at home. Expenditures actually fell in nominal terms for
Puerto Rican families (4.9 percent) and other Spanish families
(9.5 percent). Only for Central and South American families
(16.5 percent) was the rise in these expenditures consistent
with the rise in the CPI for food at home, meaning there was
no real change in food at home expenditures for these families.
W hen examining expenditures for food away from home, the
situation becomes no clearer. The cpi for food away from
home increased 16.4 percent, also at about the same rate as
the cpi for all items. Expenditures for food away from home
rose faster for Mexican families (25.0 percent) and for Puerto
Rican families (nearly 19.5 percent), but at about the same rate
for (16.2 percent) for other Spanish families. For the two
remaining groups, the increases in expenditures were smaller
than the increase in the CPI for food away from home: 13.6
percent for Central or South American families, and 3.3 percent
for Cuban families. For Mexican families, whose expenditures
for food at home rose 12 percent, some of the decrease in real
terms may be due to increases in real terms in expenditures for
food away from home. But clearly, this is not true for all other
Hispanic families. It is important to keep in mind, though, that
lower real expenditures in this case do not necessarily mean
that Hispanic families are eating less food. It may be that they
are buying food both at, and away from home in 2000-01 that
is less expensive than the food bought in 1994-95. This could
be due to dietary differences in Hispanic and non-Hispanic
families, because the cpi for food at home is based on the
average American urban family, and it is not adjusted by
ethnicity. Other literature has shown that Hispanics have
different food-at-hom e expenditure patterns than nonHispanics, and if Hispanics tend to eat foods that are lower in
price than non-Hispanics, this could also explain some of the
difference.14
The cpi for housing rose 18 percent from 1994-95 to
2000-01, compared with a 23-percent increase in expenditures
on housing (less trips) for all Hispanics. Several groups
experienced increases in housing expenditures that were
som ewhat above the CPI change: M exican fam ilies (21
percent); Puerto Rican families (19 percent); and Central or
South American families (23 percent). For Cuban families,
however, the increase in housing expenditures (67 percent)
was markedly higher than the cpi increase; and for other
Spanish families, it was markedly lower (less than 4 percent).
This is interesting, because table 2 shows that the average
size of dwellings occupied by Hispanic fam ilies has not
substantially changed over this period. For other Spanish
fam ilies, part o f the answ er m ay lie in the fact that a
substantially larger proportion of these families live in rural
Table 4.
Average annual expenditures and expenditure shares for Hispanics by geographic origin of the reference
person, 1994-95 and 2000-01
Average annual expenditures (nominal dollars)
Puerto Rican
Mexican
Total Hispanics
Expenditure category
1994-95
2000-01
Percent
change
Number.............................. 7,791,811
Percent of total
100.0
Hispanics......................
9,491,476
21.8
1994-95
4,835,721
100.0
2000-01
5,289,87
62.1
55.7
Percent
change
9.4
1994-95
2000-01
897,347
1,081,220
11.5
11.4
Percent
change
20.5
Total expenditures...........
Food at hom e..............
$24,911
3,761
$30,651
4,063
23.0
8.0
$24,164
3,686
$29,545
4,127
22.3
12.0
$23,194
4,052
$27,191
3,853
17.2
-4.9
Housing (excluding
vacation and
pleasure trip s )...........
Shelter and utilities....
Other housing..........
8,325
7,216
1,110
10,225
8,779
1,446
22.8
21.7
30.3
7,764
6,653
1,111
9,424
8,102
1,322
21.4
21.8
19.0
8,533
7,489
1,045
10,162
8,937
1,225
19.1
19.3
17.2
Apparel and services...
1,246
1,322
6.1
1,291
1,325
2.6
1,125
1,292
14.8
4,632
4,518
6,629
6,515
43.1
44.2
4,875
4,825
6,989
6,911
43.4
43.2
2,950
2,749
4,453
4,241
50.9
54.3
114
114
.0
50
78
56.0
201
213
6.0
966
480
380
79
28
1,166
615
361
143
47
20.7
28.1
-5.0
81.0
67.9
948
474
373
76
25
1,063
529
349
146
40
12.1
11.6
-6.4
92.1
60.0
838
509
211
81
37
976
573
241
125
37
16.5
12.6
14.2
54.3
.0
2,219
2,684
21.0
2,047
2,529
23.5
2,170
2,558
17.9
894
937
75
1,080
1,150
60
20.8
22.7
-20.0
869
889
61
1,086
1,110
55
25.0
24.9
-9.8
740
924
89
884
1,116
64
19.5
20.8
-28.1
190
123
3,762
182
220
174
4,815
215
15.8
41.5
28.0
18.1
131
98
3,553
193
160
119
4,370
212
22.1
21.4
23.0
9.8
258
159
3,528
108
252
242
4,012
165
-2.3
52.2
13.7
52.8
145
276
207
426
2,013
513
176
332
236
686
2,676
495
21.4
20.3
14.0
61.0
32.9
-3.5
122
176
186
398
1,925
552
148
212
220
567
2,573
438
21.3
20.5
18.3
42.5
33.7
-20.7
297
423
191
311
1,815
383
262
362
215
481
2,193
336
-11.8
-14.4
12.6
54.7
20.8
-12.3
Transportation
(excluding vacation
and pleasure trips)....
Private........................
Public (excluding
vacation and
pleasure trips)........
Health care..................
Health insurance.......
Medical services.......
Prescription drugs.....
Medical supplies........
Recreation and related
expenditures...............
Food away
from hom e................
Entertainment............
Reading.......................
Transportation
(on trip s ).................
Other lodging.............
O th e r.............................
Alcohol......................
Tobacco and
smoking supplies....
Education.................
Personal care...........
Cash contributions....
Personal insurance ...
Miscellaneous..........
areas in 2000-01 (32 percent) than in 1994-95 (3 percent). It
mav be that rents and mortgages are much lower in rural areas
than in urban areas for similarly sized dwellings. If so, this
does not appear to explain the sharp rise in expenditures for
Cuban families. Although no Cuban families reported residing
in rural areas in 1994-95, only 3 percent reported rural
residence in 2000-01. However, there was a larger proportion
of owners with mortgages in 2000-01 (46 percent) than in
1994-95 (32 percent). Similarly, for other Spanish consumer
units, the percent reporting ownership without mortgage rose
substantially, from 12 percent to 34 percent. Differences in
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ow nership and ren tal costs m ay ex p lain som e o f the
differences for these groups over time.
For all groups except C ubans and C entral or South
Americans, expenditures for apparel and services rose less
rapidly than the CPI for all items. However, as the CPI for
apparel and services declined 3.2 percent from 1994-95 to
2000-01, Hispanics appeared to either buy more apparel and
services than they used to, or perhaps more expensive apparel
and services than the population as a whole. The percent
increase ranges from 0.3 percent for other Spanish families to
28.3 percent for Cuban families. The evidence presented in
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
19
Hispanic Consumers
Table 4.
Continued—Average annual expenditures and expenditure shares for Hispanics by geographic origin of the
reference person, 1994-95 and 2000-01
Average annual expenditures (nominal dollars)
Cuban
Central of South American
Other Spanish
Expenditure category
1994-95
2000-01
Percent
change
Number............................
Percent of total
Hispanics...................
357,584
579,773
62.1
4.6
6.1
Total expenditures.........
Food at hom e.............
$25,127
3,535
$35,341
3,926
Housing (excluding
vacation and
pleasure trips).........
Shelter and utilities
Other housing.......
7,953
6,651
1,301
Apparel and services...
Transportation
(excluding vacation
and pleasure trips) ....
Private....................
Public (excluding
vacation and
pleasure trips)......
Health c a re .................
Health insurance....
Medical services....
Prescription drugs...
Medical supplies.....
Recreation and related
expenditures............
Food away
from hom e...........
Entertainment.......
Reading.................
Transportation
(on trip s )............
Other lodging........
Other............................
A lco h o l...................
Tobacco and
smoking supplies...
Education................
Personal c a re .........
Cash contributions ..
Personal
insurance..............
Miscellaneous........
1994-95
1994-95
2000-01
651,499
1,150,271
8.4
12.1
Percent
change
1,049,660
1,390,334
13.5
14.6
40.6
11.1
$28,367
3,884
$36,727
4,524
29.5
16.5
$27,127
3,839
$29,286
3,475
8.0
-9.5
13,273
11,312
1,960
66.9
70.1
50.7
10,584
9,505
1,080
12,973
11,028
1,945
22.6
16.0
80.1
8,770
7,642
1,128
9,110
7,750
1,361
3.9
1.4
20.7
848
1,088
28.3
1,264
1,481
17.2
1,263
1,267
.3
4,264
4,122
6,958
6,907
63.2
67.6
4,813
4,555
7,086
6,871
47.2
50.8
5,058
4,836
6,303
6,202
24.6
28.2
143
51
-64.3
258
214
-17.1
222
101
-54.5
1,287
818
302
135
31
1,585
945
441
162
36
23.2
15.5
46.0
20.0
16.1
1,019
322
602
62
33
1,204
609
449
105
40
18.2
89.1
-25.4
69.4
21.2
1,014
552
344
91
28
1,557
888
387
182
101
53.6
60.9
12.5
100.0
260.7
2,617
3,206
22.5
2,613
3,137
20.1
2,712
2,705
-.3
1,055
1,058
90
1,090
1,356
66
3.3
28.2
-26.7
1,092
955
103
1,240
1,186
62
13.6
24.2
-39.8
893
1,215
112
1,038
1,223
77
16.2
.7
-31.3
254
161
383
311
50.8
93.2
296
167
397
252
34.1
50.9
325
166
168
199
-48.3
19.9
4,624
223
5,579
243
20.7
9.0
4,190
197
6,586
263
56.7
33.5
4,471
159
5,117
204
14.4
28.3
126
430
339
955
243
372
277
575
92.9
-13.5
-18.3
-39.8
103
545
260
425
161
610
283
1,430
56.3
11.9
8.8
236.5
183
292
233
499
206
499
254
580
12.6
70.9
9.0
16.2
1,953
599
3,068
800
57.1
33.6
2,188
472
3,140
678
43.5
43.6
2,686
419
2,845
529
5.9
26.3
table 5, which shows the percent reporting each expenditure
in 1994-95 and 2000-01, tends to support the latter hypothesis
(more expensive apparel purchased) over the former (more
apparel purchased). For Puerto Rican families, the percent
reporting rises slightly, from 82 percent to 84 percent. For all
other Hispanic families, it falls. The smallest decline is for
M exican families (3 percentage points) and the largest is for
other Spanish families (15 percentage points). Given that
20 Monthly Labor Review August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2000-01
Percent
change
32.5
76.6
percent reporting is lower in most cases, this would suggest
that Hispanics are buying apparel and services less frequently
than they used to, but that they are paying more for the
apparel and services than they used to, even after adjusting
for general apparel and service price increases
Sim ilarly, expenditures for transportation (excluding
vacation and pleasure trips) rose much more rapidly (43.1
percent) for Hispanics than did the price index for trans-
Table 5.
Percent reporting expenditures for Hispanics by geographic origin of the reference person, 1994-95 and 2000-01
Characteristic
1994-95
2000-01
Puerto Rican
Mexican
Total Hispanics
Percentage
point
change
1994-95
2000-01
Percentage
point
change
1994-95
2000-01
Percentage
point
change
Number............................
7,791,811
9,491,476
4,835,721
5,289,878
897,347
1,081,220
Percent of total
Hispanics......................
100.0
100.0
62.1
55.7
11.5
11.4
Expenditure category
Total expenditures.........
Food at hom e.............
100.0
99.1
100.0
99.4
0.0
100.0
99.6
100.0
99.7
0.0
.3
.1
100.0
99.3
100.0
99.0
.0
-.3
Housing (excluding
vacation and
pleasure trip s )..........
Shelter and utilities .
Other housing.........
99.9
99.7
67.4
99.7
99.5
67.7
-.2
-.2
.3
99.9
99.8
69.3
99.8
99.5
68.7
-.1
-.3
-.6
100.0
99.8
57.1
99.6
99.6
66.2
-.4
-.2
9.1
Apparel and services...
88.7
84.1
-4.6
89.4
86.4
-3.0
81.6
84.0
2.4
Transportation
(excluding vacation
and pleasure trip s )....
Private.....................
Public (excluding
vacation and
pleasure trips).......
93.1
83.5
92.2
84.3
-.9
.8
94.6
89.9
94.0
89.0
-.6
-.9
83.1
58.7
85.8
68.9
2.7
10.2
21.0
16.6
-4.4
14.9
12.3
-2.6
36.0
28.4
-7.6
Health care...................
Health insurance....
Medical services.....
Prescription drugs ...
Medical supplies.....
61.7
43.3
35.8
26.2
6.3
65.4
46.6
35.9
30.9
7.6
3.7
3.3
.i
4.7
1.3
62.5
42.9
36.7
25.5
6.1
62.2
41.7
36.4
30.8
7.2
-.3
-1.2
-.3
5.3
1.1
55.3
45.2
25.3
21.0
6.4
63.8
47.2
32.6
29.7
6.4
8.5
2.0
7.3
8.7
.0
91.8
92.4
0.6
92.4
92.5
.1
90.8
94.0
3.2
75.6
81.7
46.4
74.2
83.7
33.6
-1.4
2.0
-12.8
77.6
82.7
44.6
77.6
82.9
32.1
.0
.2
-12.5
65.7
79.8
52.3
68.4
87.6
38.8
2.7
7.8
-13.5
9.7
12.0
8.9
11.0
-.8
-1.0
7.9
12.0
7.7
10.7
-.2
-1.3
12.5
9.1
10.1
10.2
-2.4
1.1
95.0
36.8
95.6
32.7
.6
-4.1
96.4
38.2
96.7
33.1
.3
-5.1
90.4
26.5
90.7
26.7
.3
.2
23.4
15.6
70.1
38.7
80.5
39.3
19.0
15.8
72.4
38.5
78.6
38.5
-4.4
.2
2.3
-.2
-1.9
-.8
21.4
16.0
71.9
35.2
84.1
40.8
18.1
14.8
72.7
38.0
82.8
38.0
-3.3
-1.2
.8
2.8
-1.3
-2.8
36.0
13.4
56.0
32.6
67.2
26.0
21.4
15.5
64.2
30.5
67.2
32.5
-14.6
2.1
8.2
-2.1
.0
6.5
Recreation and
related expenditures..
Food away from
home......................
Entertainment.........
Reading...................
Transportation
(on trips) .................
Other lodging..........
O ther.............................
Alcohol.....................
Tobacco and
smoking supplies..
Education................
Personal c a re .........
Cash contributions’ ...
Personal insurance..
Miscellaneous.........
See footnote at end of table.
portation (12.5 percent). Each group experienced increases in
private transportation expenditures, ranging from 28 percent
for other Spanish families to 68 percent for Cuban families.
H ow ever, public transportation (excluding vacation and
pleasure trips) shows big differences within the Hispanic
community. Although on average these expenditures were
u n c h a n g e d in n o m in al term s, th ese ex p e n d itu res fell
substantially for Central or South A m erican families (17
percent), other Spanish families (55 percent), and Cuban
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
families (64 percent). These expenditures rose for Puerto Rican
families (6 percent) and Mexican families (56 percent). When
examining percent reporting, all groups have lower figures for
public transportation in 2000-01 than for that in 1994-95.
Despite a fairly large decline in expenditures by Central or
South American families (17 percent), this group had the
smallest decline in percent reporting (1 percentage point).
However, both Cuban (18 percentage points) and other
Spanish families (15 percentage points) experienced large
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003 21
Hispanic Consumers
[ g j y g j Continuéei—Percent reporting expenditures for Hispanics by geographic origin of the reference person.
1994-96 c nd 2000-01
Cuban
Characteristic
1994-95
Number............................
Percent of total
Hispanics.....................
Expenditure category
Total expenditures.........
Food at home..............
2000-01
Central or South American
Percentage
point
change
1994-95
2000-01
Other Spanish
Percentage
point
change
1994-95
2000-01
Percentage
point
change
357,584
579,773
1,049,660
1,390,334
651,499
1,150,271
4.6
6.1
13.5
14.6
8.4
12.1
100.0
99.3
100.0
99.4
0.0
.1
100.0
97.0
100.0
99.2
2.2
100.0
99.7
100.0
99.0
-.7
Housing (excluding
vacation and
pleasure trip s )..........
Shelter and utilities.
Other housing.........
99.5
99.5
68.7
99.7
99.7
67.0
.2
.2
-1.7
99.6
99.0
70.0
99.9
99.5
71.1
.3
.5
1.1
99.9
99.9
63.1
99.6
99.6
60.4
-3
-.3
-2.7
Apparel and services...
85.8
77.0
-8.8
91.3
85.1
-6.2
90.4
75.9
-14.5
0.0
0.0
Transportation
(excluding vacation
and pleasure trips) ....
Private.........................
Public (excluding
vacation and
pleasure trip s )..........
89.0
77.1
88.0
84.3
-1.0
7.2
93.8
79.5
92.3
77.9
-1.5
-1.6
96.2
79.9
91.8
85.5
-4.4
5.6
28.3
10.8
-17.5
28.8
27.7
-1.1
29.6
14.9
-14.7
Health c a re .................
Health insurance........
Medical services........
Prescription drugs......
Medical supplies.........
76.2
66.8
31.8
39.0
7.0
78.2
66.8
28.4
29.2
6.8
2.0
.0
-3.4
-9.8
-.2
57.3
32.7
39.7
26.0
6.4
64.1
45.0
35.3
26.8
6.8
6.8
12.3
-4.4
.8
.4
64.2
48.0
39.5
31.4
6.9
76.6
60.2
41.4
38.2
12.4
12.4
12.2
19
68
5.5
84.1
90.7
6.6
93.3
91.9
-1.4
90.5
92.1
1.6
67.3
71.1
43.1
67.0
84.4
27.1
-.3
13.3
-16.0
78.1
81.0
46.2
75.0
82.6
29.8
-3.1
1.6
-16.4
75.6
83.7
54.3
66.6
85.1
43.1
-9.0
1.4
-11.2
10.3
9.8
11.6
12.8
1.3
3.0
12.4
13.0
12.0
11.3
-.4
-1.7
14.7
16.2
8.1
11.8
—6.6
-4.4
92.5
37.2
95.6
31.4
3.1
-5.8
94.3
36.8
95.5
34.6
1.2
-2.2
93.6
40.4
95.3
34.4
1.7
-6.0
18.9
15.3
79.3
72.6
68.6
34.9
23.6
13.9
76.6
29.6
65.2
46.0
4.7
-1.4
-2.7
-13.0
-3.4
11.1
19.4
18.0
68.5
48.9
81.3
38.8
17.8
19.7
73.5
43.7
81.7
38.3
-1.6
1.7
5.0
-5.2
.4
-.5
29.8
12.0
73.7
43.0
77.9
49.5
19.6
17.3
75.6
47.1
73.2
42.9
-10.2
5.3
1.9
4.1
-4.7
-6.6
Recreation and related
expenditures............
Food away from
home..........................
Entertainment.............
Reading.......................
Transportation
(on trips)...................
Other lodging............
Other............................
Alcohol....................
Tobacco and
smoking supplies ...
Education................
Personal c a re .........
Cash contributions'...
Personal insurance..
Miscellaneous.........
' Prior to the second quarter of 2001, cash contributions were only collected during the fifth interview. Therefore, the percent reporting sf
town here is
for fifth interview consumer units only.
declines in percent reporting, concomitant with large declines
in expenditures.
A lthough expenditures for health care rose about 21
percent for all Hispanics, only Central or South American
families (18.2 percent) were very close to the increase in the
CPI for medical care (18.5 percent). Puerto Rican families had
the next highest increase (16.5 percent), followed by Mexican
families (12.1 percent). In contrast, expenditures by other
22 Monthly Labor Review August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Spanish families rose much faster (53.6 percent) than the c p i
for m edical care. There is no clear p attern w ithin the
components to suggest why this would be. For example,
health insurance expenditures rose dramatically for Central or
South American families (89 percent), while expenditures for
medical services fell sharply (25 percent). Although this may
be an indication that Central or South American families were
purchasing health insurance to cover medical service costs,
Table 6.
Average annual expenditure shares for Hispanics by geographic origin of the reference person, 1994-95
and 2Í00-O1
Expenditure shares (in percent)
Expenditure
category
Total
Hispanics
1994-95
1994-95
2000-01
Number............. 7,791,811 9,491,476 4,835,721
Percent of total
62.1
100.0
100.0
Hispanics.......
Total
expenditures ...
Food at home.
Housing
(excluding
vacation and
pleasure trip s ).
Shelter and
utilities........
Other
housing ....
Apparel and
services....
Transportation
(excluding
vacation and
pleasure
trip s )...............
Private..........
Public
(excluding
vacation
and pleasure
trip s )...........
Health c a re ......
Health
insurance....
Medical
services......
Prescription
d ru g s ..........
Medical
supplies......
Recreation
and related
expenditures ...
Food away
from home ...
Entertain
ment............
Reading........
Transportation
(on trip s ).....
Other lodging
O ther................
Alcohol..........
Tobacco and
smoking
supplies......
Education.....
Personal care
Cash contri
butions ........
Personal
insurance....
Miscellane
ous ..............
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Puerto
Rican
Mexican
1994-95
2000-01
5,289,878
2000-01
1994-95
897,347 1,081,220
357,584
Other
Spanish
Central or South
American
Cuban
2000-01
1994-95
2000-01
579,773 1,049,660
1,390,334
651,499
1,150,271
2000-01
1994-95
55.7
11.5
11.4
4.6
6.1
13.5
14.6
8.4
12.1
100.0
15.1
100.0
13.3
100.0
15.3
100.0
14.0
100.0
17.5
100.0
14.2
100.0
14.1
100.0
11.1
100.0
13.7
100.0
12.3
100.0
14.2
100.0
11.9
33.4
33.4
32.1
31.9
36.8
37.4
31.7
37.6
37.3
35.3
32.3
31.1
29.0
28.6
27.5
27.4
32.3
32.9
26.5
32.0
33.5
30.0
28.2
26.5
4.5
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.5
5.2
5.5
3.8
5.3
4.2
4.6
5.0
4.3
5.3
4.5
4.9
4.8
3.4
3.1
4.5
4.0
4.7
4.3
18.6
18.1
21.6
21.3
20.2
20.0
23.7
23.4
12.7
11.9
16.4
15.6
17.0
16.4
19.7
19.5
17.0
16.1
19.3
18.7
18.6
17.8
21.5
21.2
.5
.4
.2
.3
.9
.8
.6
.1
.9
.6
.8
.3
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.6
3.6
5.1
4.5
3.6
3.3
3.7
5.3
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.1
3.3
2.7
1.1
1.7
2.0
3.0
1.5
1.2
1.5
1.2
.9
.9
1.2
1.2
2.1
1.2
1.3
1.3
.3
.5
.3
.5
.3
.5
.5
.5
.2
.3
.3
.6
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
8.9
8.8
8.5
8.6
9.4
9.4
10.4
9.1
9.2
8.5
10.0
9.2
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.2
3.3
4.2
3.1
3.8
3.4
3.3
3.5
3.8
.3
3.8
.2
3.7
.3
3.8
.2
4.0
.4
4.1
.2
4.2
.4
3.8
.2
3.4
.4
3.2
.2
4.5
.4
4.2
.3
.8
.5
.7
.6
.5
.4
.5
.4
1.1
.7
.9
.9
1.0
.6
1.1
.9
1.0
.6
1.1
.7
1.2
.6
.6
.7
15.1
.7
15.7
.7
14.7
.8
14.8
.7
15.2
.5
14.8
.6
18.4
.9
15.8
.7
14.8
.7
17.9
.7
16.5
.6
17.5
.7
.6
1.1
.8
.6
1.1
.8
.5
.7
.8
.5
.7
.7
1.3
1.8
.8
1.0
1.3
.8
.5
1.7
1.3
.7
1.1
.8
.4
1.9
.9
.4
1.7
.8
.7
1.1
.9
.7
1.7
.9
1.7
2.2
1.6
1.9
1.3
1.8
3.8
1.6
1.5
3.9
1.8
2.0
8.1
8.7
8.0
8.7
7.8
8.1
7.8
8.7
7.7
8.5
9.9
9.7
2.1
1.6
2.3
1.5
1.7
1.2
2.4
2.3
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.8
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003 23
Hispanic Consumers
ap p a re n tly , th ey did not ach iev e as m uch su ccess in
prescription drug coverage, as these expenditures rose 69
percent— more than the increase for Puerto Rican families (54
percent) or C uban fam ilies (20 percen t). In contrast,
expenditures for health insurance rose 61 percent for other
Spanish families, while expenditures for medical services rose
13 percent, and prescription drug expenditures rose 100
percent for these consumer units. The percent reporting does
not add much clarity to the situation. The percent reporting
health insurance was relatively stable for M exican (1percentage point decrease), Puerto Rican (2-percentage point
increase), and Cuban fam ilies (no change). The percent
reporting rose substantially for Central or South American
and other Spanish families (12 percentage points in each case).
However, percent reporting medical services decreased for
Central or South American families (4 percentage points),
while it increased for other Spanish families (2 percentage
points).
Expenditure shares.
Another way to analyze expenditure
patterns is to examine expenditure shares, or the proportion
of total expenditures allocated to specific goods and services
by the average family. Expenditure shares control for price
changes, at least to some extent; if expenditures for a specific
item increase over time, it may be due to increased con
sumption or increased prices, as stated before. However, if
all prices double, and quantities purchased remain the same,
then expenditures will double but shares will remain the same.
As evidenced earlier in this article, inflation is rarely “pure”—
that is, affecting all items in the same way. Still, expenditure
shares provide an idea of how consumption is changing in a
relative framework. Regardless of price levels, differences in
shares may indicate different consumption patterns for groups.
One method of analyzing these changes was developed by
Prussian economist Ernst Engel in the 19thcentury. According
to E n g el’s Proposition o f 1857, as income increases, the
proportion of total expenditures allocated to food decreases.
Also, Engel found that shares allocated to housing and apparel
stay roughly constant as income increases, while shares
allocated for “luxury goods” increase.15 Engel’s findings can
be used to analyze economic standing of different groups
within the same time period, or the same group across time
periods. For exam ple, if the share o f total expenditures
allocated to food has decreased for a specific group over time,
presumably, it is not because they are eating less food, but
rather because prices for food have fallen, or incomes have
risen (or both). Either way, this leaves more income for the
group to allocate to other expenditures, and allows them to
increase consumption or savings without giving up any food.
A ccording to the type o f analysis E ngel perform ed,
Hispanics are better off in 2000-01 than they were in 199495. As a group, the share of total expenditures allocated to
food at home declined from 15 percent to 13 percent (table
6). The smallest change in percentage points was for Mexican
24 Monthly Labor Review August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
families, whose share decreased from 15.3 percent of total
expenditures to 14.0 percent. The largest change in percentage
points was for Puerto Ricans, whose share decreased from
17.5 percent to 14.2 percent.
Consistent with E ngel’s findings, the shares allocated to
apparel and services and housing were stable for all groups,
with the exception of Cuban families. For these consumers,
the share of total expenditures allocated to housing rose
substantially, from 32 percent to 38 percent. This was nearly
all accounted for by an increase in the share allocated to
shelter and utilities, which rose from 27 percent to 32 percent.
Similarly, expenditures for health care were stable for all
groups; the largest change was for other Spanish families, in
which case the share rose from 3.7 percent to 5.3 percent of
total expenditures. Perhaps surprisingly, shares for recreation
and related expenditures also held steady. This is not only
true at the aggregate level, but also for all subcomponents for
all groups.
Finally, according to E n g el’s analysis, transportation
appears to be a luxury good, as shares for all groups increase
notably. For Hispanics in general, the share rose from 19
percent to 22 percent of total expenditures. O f course, this
expenditure category is dominated by private transportation.
Again, for each group, private transportation shares rose. The
smallest increase was for Central or South American families
(16.1 to 18.7 percent), while the largest was for Puerto Rican
families (11.9 to 15.6 percent).
Regression analysis
As describ ed , d ifferen ces in exp en d itu re p attern s are
observed across Hispanic groups. Some of these differences
may be due to differences in tastes and preferences across
the groups. However, table 2 shows that there are also
dem ographic differences across groups. D ifferences in
incom e, age, or other characteristics can also influence
expenditure patterns. To help discern what differences may
be due to demographic differences and what differences may
be due to underlying differences in tastes and preferences by
geographic origin, regression analysis is used. As described
in the previous work that this study updates,16 regression
analysis allow s the user to estim ate how (in this case)
d iffe re n c es in g eo g rap h ic o rig in m ig h t be re la te d to
differences in expenditures, ceteris paribus (that is, given
that all other characteristics are held constant). As with the
previous work, major expenditure categories (food at home,
shelter and utilities,17 apparel and services, transportation
excluding vacation and pleasure trips, and recreation and
related expenditures) are exam ined using ordinary least
squares regression. The “other” expenditures category is
omitted from the analysis, despite constituting a substantial
share of total expenditures, because it is composed of an
eclectic mixture of goods and services. It is not clear what the
meaning of the results of this regression would be at the
Table 7.
Standardized results: Marginal propensity to expend ( mpe) and permanent income elasticity by Hispanic
group and expenditure category, 1994-95 and 2000-01
Mexican
Puerto Rican
Cuban
Central or South
American
Other
Spanish
1994-95 2000-01
1994-95 2000-01
Expenditure category
1994-95 2000-01
1994-95
2000-01
1994-95
2000-01
Total expenditures.....................................
Food at home..........................................
Marginal propensity to expend..........
Permanent income elasticity.............
$24,911
3,761
0.034
0.228
$30,651
4,063
'0.040
0.299
$24,911
3,761
20.055
0.363
$30,651
4,063
0.044
0.334
$24,911
3,761
0.045
0.299
$30,651
4,063
0.046
0.344
$24,911
3,761
20.061
0.406
$30,651
4,063
'0.040
0.303
$24,911
3,761
0.038
0.252
$30,651
4,063
0.041
0.310
Shelter and utilitie s................................
Marginal propensity to expend..........
Permanent Income elasticity.............
7,216
0.145
0.501
8,779
'0.151
0.526
7,216
20.189
0.654
8,779
20.201
0.703
7,216
0.120
0.416
8,779
'■20.186
0.651
7,216
20.183
0.633
8,779
20.171
0.596
7,216
0.164
0.531
8,779
0.149
0.520
Apparel and services.............................
Marginal propensity to expend..........
Permanent income elasticity.............
1,246
0.073
1.467
1,322
0.057
1.319
1,246
20.093
1.862
1,322
0.065
1.517
1,246
20.049
0.976
1,322
0.057
1.316
1,246
0.069
1.373
1,322
0.060
1.387
1,246
0.086
1.727
1,322
20.070
1.633
Transportation (excluding vacation
and pleasure trips)...............................
Marginal propensity to expend..........
Permanent income elasticity.............
4,632
0.268
1.443
6,629
0.320
1.481
4,632
20.386
2.074
6,629
20.403
1.865
4,632
20.341
1.833
6,629
20.405
1.870
4,632
0.254
1.367
6,629
0.343
1.586
4,632
20.168
0.903
6,629
2.258
1.191
Recreation and related expenditures....
Marginal propensity to expend..........
Permanent income elasticity.............
2,219
0.143
1.611
2,684
0.144
1.641
2,219
0.157
1.766
2,684
0.129
1.478
2,219
20.184
2.063
2,684
0.159
1.814
2,219
0.142
1.593
2,684
0.140
1.602
2,219
0.150
1.689
2,684
0.148
1.695
1 Income coefficient is statistically significantly different from 1994-95 at
the 90-percent confidence level; see table 8 for more information.
aggregate level, and the individual com ponents are too
infrequently reported to warrant separate analysis.
Description o f variables.
In addition to the expenditures
d e sc rib e d (th a t is, the d e p e n d e n t v a ria b le s ), sev eral
independent variables are used in these regressions. Most
are common to all regressions. Consistent with the previous
work, these variables include: total expenditures, age (and
age squared) of reference person, num ber o f adults (and
number squared), number of children18(and number squared),
and dummy variables describing the reference person’s family
type (single person, husband and wife only, single parent, or
other family), region of residence (Northeast, Midwest, o r
West), degree of urbanization (rural), education (less than
high school graduate, some college, or college graduate), and
working status (self-employed, retired, or not working for
reasons other than retirement). The “om itted” categories for
these dum m y variables include: husband and wife with
children (family type), South (region of residence), urban
(degree of urbanization), high school graduate (education),
and wage and salary earner (working status). These variables
are om itted, as is traditional when dummy variables are
employed, to avoid perfect multicollinearity.
In updating the previous work, two new binary variables
are added: Black and other race. (The omitted category is
White.) In the previous work, race did not differ substantially
across H ispanic groups. O nly tw o— C entral or South
American (7.4 percent) and other Spanish (10.4 percent) had
substantially more than 5 percent reporting “Black” for race
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2 Income coefficient is statistically significantly different from Mexican
consumers at the 90-percent confidence level; see table 8 for more information.
of the reference person. (Cuban families had 5.3 percent
reporting, but they were the smallest Hispanic group in 1994—
95.) For “other race,” all groups reported less than 2 percent,
and two groups (Cuban and other Spanish) had no reports for
reference person of “other race.” However, as mentioned
earlier, the sample is larger in 2000-01 than 1994-95, thus
providing more observations for families whose reference
person is Black or “other race.” Additionally, the percentage
that report Black for race of reference person has increased
for all Hispanic groups except other Spanish (for whom it
declined), and each group has at least some reports of “other
race.” Because the Hispanic groups are now less homogenous
by race, and because homogeneity may continue to decrease
in the future, race is now added to the regression analysis.
The 1994-95 regression results reported in this work include
this variable as well as the 2000-01 results.
In addition, a few independent variables are included only in
selected regressions. For example, the housing regression
contains dummy variables describing housing tenure (owned with
no mortgage or renter; owned with mortgage is omitted) and
continuous variables describing size of dwelling (number of
rooms, bedrooms, bathrooms, and half-baths).19 The regressions
for transportation and recreation and related expenditures also
contain variables describing number of automobiles and other
vehicles owned by the consumer unit. These variables are
selectively included because in each case, they will clearly affect
expenditures for the dependent variable under study, but do not
necessarily directly affect other expenditures. (For example,
number of bedrooms will clearly affect housing expenditures,
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003 25
Hispanic Consumers
Table 8.
Sî°î!sti£al si9n^'cance of coefficient changes over time by Hispanic group and selected expenditure cateaories
1994-95 and 2000-01
w
Puerto
Rican
Mexkxn
Expenditure category
Total expenditures....................................
Food at home.........................................
Different intercept than Mexicans.......
Different m p e than Mexicans...............
Different intercept than own
group 1994-95 ....................................
Different m p e than 1994-95.................
1994-95
2000-01
1994-95 2000-01
1994-95
2000-01
1994-95
$24,911
3,761
$30,651
4,063
$24,911
3,761
99
99
$24,911
3,761
$30,651
4,063
$24,911
3,761
99
99
7,216
Apparel and services..............................
Different intercept than Mexicans ......
Different m p e than Mexicans..............
Different intercept than own
group 1994-95 ....................................
Different m p e than 1994-95 ................
1,246
Recreation and related expenditures.....
Different intercept than M exicans......
Different m p e than Mexicans..............
Different intercept than own
group 1994-95 ....................................
Different m p e than 1994-95 ................
$30,651
4,063
95
99
Shelter and utilities.................................
Different intercept than Mexicans.......
Different m p e than Mexicans...............
Different intercept than own
group 1994-95 ....................................
Different m p e than 1994-95 ................
Transportation (excluding vacation
and pleasure trip s ).................................
Different intercept than M exicans......
Different m p e than Mexicans..............
Different intercept than own
group 1994-95 ....................................
Different m p e than 1994-95 ................
Central or South
American
Cuban
8,779
7,216
99
99
2,219
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,216
(’)
0
8,779
99
99
0
1,246
95
90
2000-01
$30,651
4,063
7,216
99
99
D
0
8,779
90
95
1,246
1,322
1,246
0)
0)
(’)
90
(')
o
1,322
C)
7,216
8,779
0
(1)
(’)
1,246
0
D
0
0
0
0
0
(’)
6,629
99
99
C)
0)
O
4,632
95
95
$30,651
4,063
O
1,322
6,629
99
99
$24,911
3,761
0
0
4,632
99
99
2000-01
(')
O
6,629
1994-95
95
90
99
99
(’)
95
4,632
0
O
8,779
99
99
0
1,322
0
(’)
Other
Spanish
4,632
(')
0
6,629
0
o
1,322
95
95
O
4,632
99
99
6,629
99
99
0
(’>
(’)
90
90
O
(')
(’)
O
O
2,684
2,219
2,684
(’)
0)
o
(’ )
2,219
95
95
2,684
2,219
(’)
o
0
(’ )
2,684
2,219
0)
0)
0
(1)
95
(’)
C)
(1)
0
(’)
O
0
2,684
D
O
' The difference is not statistically significant at the 90-percent confidence level.
but not food at home expenditures.)
Also important is the inclusion of total expenditures as a
proxy for permanent income. This is done for both theoretical
and empirical reasons. Theoretically, consumers do not make
expenditure decisions based only on income received today
(that is, current income), but also on income they expect to
receive in the future. This theory, proposed by M ilton
Friedman, is known to economists as the “permanent income
h y p o th esis.”20 But there are empirical reasons for using
permanent income as well. For example, because “permanent”
income incorporates expectations of future earnings, there may
be less variability in the relationship between expenditures and
“perm anent” income than “current” income.21 Furthermore,
current income is not necessarily reported in full by all
families, even by so-called complete reporters. Removing
“incom plete” reporters reduces sample size, and not even in
26 Monthly Labor Review August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
a random fashion, because incom plete reporters are not
randomly distributed throughout the CE sample.22
Furthermore, following a general trend in income reporting,
the percentage of H ispanic consum er units classified as
complete income reporters was lower in 2000-01 than in 199495, especially for Cuban, Central or South American, and other
Spanish fam ilies (table 2). For all these reasons, total
expenditures are used as a proxy for permanent income. (For
convenience, the term “income” will be used henceforth to
mean “permanent income.”)
Model specification.
The goal of the regressions is to
obtain parameter estimates that can be used to calculate the
marginal propensity to expend ( m p e ) for different goods and
services for each Hispanic group in 2000-01, and to compare
these results both intra-temporally (for example, Puerto Rican
families to Mexican families in 2000-01) and inter-temporally
(for example, Puerto Rican families in 2000-01 to Puerto
Rican fam ilies in 1994-95). The MPE’s are then used to
calculate income elasticity for each good or service to see
whether or not there are differences in expenditure patterns
among Hispanics of different geographic origin. Similarly,
following the previous work, these elasticities are estimated
for each Hispanic group by using its own mean permanent
income (“unadjusted” estimation) or by using the average
permanent income for the sample as a whole (“ standardized”
estimation) in cases where permanent income is needed to
estimate these factors.
To achieve these goals accurately, Box-Cox transformations
are performed on both the dependent variables and the income
variables in each of the equations. These transformations are used
to reduce heteroscedasticity. (See appendix for details.) For
consistency, the same transformations are applied to the 200001 data as were applied to the 1994-95 data in the previous work.
Because of the Box-Cox transformations, parameter estimates
in most of the models do not have any immediately interpretable
intuitive meaning. Therefore, for the reader’s convenience,
important measures that are derived from these parameter
estim a te s (such as the MPE’s and incom e e la stic itie s,
described subsequently) are presented in table 7. Table 8
describes whether the income parameters are different across
geographic origin within each time period, and whether the
incom e param eters have changed over tim e w ithin each
geographic origin.
The model, then, is specified as follows:
F* = a m + a T + Ia .D . + l a D T + Pm7 + $ J T + I P D J +
IftP/T + PX + PXT + <?
where
T* is the (Box-Cox transform ation of the) dependent
variable;
a mis the intercept of the regression equation;
T is a dummy variable describing the time period for the
interview (0 for 1994-95; 1 for 2000-01);
a. are param eter estimates;
D are dummy variables describing geographic origin for
non-M exican Hispanics;
Pm,p. are parameter estimates for the income variable;
I is permanent income (i.e., total expenditures);
p. is a v e c to r o f p a ra m e te r e stim a te s fo r v ario u s
independent variables;
X is a vector of independent variables;
e is the error o f the regression.
This specification allows relationships for all variables to
differ by geographic origin as well as over time, and for
statistical tests to be performed to ascertain whether or not
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
observed differences are statistically significant. In the 199495 data, r-tests are sufficient to distinguish whether parameter
estimates differ statistically from the reference group to the
group in question. For changes over time, F-tests are used.23
Because Mexicans are the largest segment of the Hispanic
population, it is with reference to them that statistically
significant differences are examined. W hile it is possible to
test each group against each other (for example, are Cubans
statistically significantly different from Puerto Ricans), such
com parisons w ould be cum bersom e w ith five groups,
especially when comparing across years. Because the main
point o f this section is to test w hether H ispanics are
homogeneous or not in 2000-01, and whether expenditure
patterns have changed over tim e for each group, this
specification provides sufficient information.
Results.
There are two ways to analyze the regression
results: in “unadjusted” and “standardized” forms. Here the
unadjusted results show the estimated m pe and elasticity for
each good, assuming that they are purchased by the “average”
Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American,
or other Spanish family. The standardized figures use average
expenditures and perm anent incom e from all H ispanic
families. Therefore, the standardized results, presented in
table 7, are analyzed here. They are the closest to ceteris
paribus assumptions: That is, the MPE's and elasticities can
only differ if the income parameter estimate differs across
geographic origin. With the unadjusted results, it is possible
that Engel curves are identical for two groups, but they still
have different MPE’s and elasticities because the average
member of each group is on a different point of the same
Engel curve. Therefore, it is more difficult to isolate reasons
for differences in the unadjusted results. For this reason, the
standardized results are described in this section. However,
the unadjusted results are presented in the appendix because
they may be of interest to readers who need information on
MPE’s and elasticities for each group, but w ho are not
concerned with why the differences occur— that is, whether
they are the result of differences in income, or the reflection
of different tastes and preferences in the different groups.
C o n sistent w ith the previous w ork, in this study, the
unadjusted and standardized results are not largely different.
According to the regression results, expenditure patterns
differ across Hispanic subgroups, although the differences
are not entirely consistent with those found in 1994-95. For
example, in 1994-95, both Puerto Rican and Central or South
American families were found to have different intercepts and
income coefficients for food at home than Mexican families.
These differences were statistically significant at the 99percent confidence level. However, in 2000-01, neither group
is found to differ in a statistically significant way from
Mexican families, indicating homogeneity by origin for food
at home expenditures. Another example of inconsistency is
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003 27
Hispanic Consumers
th a t o th e r S p a n is h fa m ilie s w e re n o t s ta tis tic a lly
significantly different from M exican families in their apparel
and service expenditures in 1994-95, but they are different
in 20 00-01. In some cases, though, the differences are
consistent across time. For exam ple, Puerto Rican fam ilies
are found to be significantly different from Mexican families
in their transportation expenditures; in each tim e period
tested, both the intercept and incom e co efficient differ
statistically at the 99-percent confidence level. And for
C u b a n f a m ilie s , th e d if f e r e n c e h a s b e c o m e m o re
significant— rising from 95 percent confidence in 1994-95
to 99 percent confidence in 2000-01 for both the intercept
and incom e coefficient.
Perhaps of more interest is whether changes within groups
have taken place over time. That is, do Mexican families (and
all other groups) in 2000-01 still have the same intercept and
income coefficients that they had for food at home (or other
expenditures) in 1994-95? In many cases, changes are observed
over time for one or more groups of Hispanic consumers.
For food at home, M exican consumers have experienced a
change in both the intercept and slope of their Engel curves.
The change in the slope m eans that m p e , and therefore,
elasticity, have changed over time. The m pe has risen from 3
cents to 4 cents, and the elasticity has risen from 0.23 to 0.30.
Central or South American families have had the opposite
experience— the MPE has fallen from 6 cents to 4 cents, and
elasticity has fallen from 0.41 to 0.30.
For shelter and utilities, the coefficient for income for
M exican fam ilies increased by a statistically significant
am ount, but it had little effect on the estim ated m pe or
elasticity . H ow ever, for C uban fam ilies, both changed
substantially. The MPE rose from 12 cents to 19 cents; the
elasticity rose from 0.42 to 0.65. This may be related to the
change in housing tenure observed for Cuban families over
the study period.24
For the rem aining expenditures, no incom e coefficient
changes are significant at the 95-percent confidence level.
Although in some cases there appear to be notable changes
over time (for example, for Cuban families, the apparel and
service elasticity rises from 0.98 to 1.32) the change is not
statistically significant, and may be observed by chance.
Summary and conclusions
Previous literature has shown that not only does ethnicity
account for substantial variation in consumer expenditures, it
has shown that these differences can occur among subgroups
of particular ethnicities. In particular, while many researchers
treat “Hispanics” as homogenous, previous work finds that
there is substantial variation in expenditure patterns by
Hispanics o f different geographic origin.
This work shows that the Hispanic population is worth
revisiting. The percentage of the population accounted for
28 Monthly Labor Review August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
by Hispanic consumers continues to increase at a substantial
pace. In addition, the composition of the Hispanic population
has changed even in the few years since the previous work
was published. For example, although Mexican families are
still the majority of Hispanic families, they account for a
smaller portion of the total in 2000-01 than in 1994-95, in
large part ceding ground to families of “other Spanish” origin.
G iv en th ese c h an g es, it is im p o rta n t to see w h eth er
expenditure patterns have changed at the aggregate level and,
if so, whether or not the changes are due solely to changes in
composition of the Hispanic population, or are at least in part
caused by underlying changes in tastes and preferences o f the
groups under study. (These changes could be caused by
changes in the groups themselves; for example, immigrants
arriving from Mexico between 1994-95 and 2000-01 might
have different tastes and preferences than those who were here
prior to 1994. Unfortunately, because no data on length of
residency in the United States are collected by the Consumer
Expenditure Survey, it is not possible to precisely identify the
cause of the differences.)
Som e dem o g rap h ic c h a ra c teristic s, such as age of
reference person, have not changed much over the study
period for Hispanics. However, others, such as educational
attainment, appear to have changed. Some of these changes
may explain higher levels of total expenditures in 2000-01,
which for Mexican, Cuban, and Central or South American
families rose faster than inflation. For other Spanish families,
total expenditures also increased, but at a slower rate than
inflation. Despite these changes, though, m ost Hispanic
families in the aggregate account for approximately their
population share of total expenditures in the economy. (For
exam ple, M exicans account for 56 percent o f H ispanic
consumer units and 54 percent of total consumer
expenditures by Hispanics.)
Analysis of expenditure shares indicates that Hispanics, in
general, are spending a smaller proportion of their dollars on
food at home, which means they have a larger share to spend
on other goods and services. Given that food at home is a
necessity good, this suggests that Hispanics are a bit better
off economically in 2000-01 than they were in 1994-95.
Finally, regression analysis is performed to estimate whether
changes observed in expenditures are due to changes in income
or other similar factors, or to changes in underlying preferences.
As with the earlier study, substantial variation is observed across
geographic origins. However, over time, only a few changes have
occurred. As explained in the main text, it is difficult to control
completely for price changes in performing these analyses, so
these results should be interpreted cautiously.
This work shows that Hispanic consumers continue to be
an important segment of total consumer expenditures in the
United States. It also shows that expenditure patterns continue
to differ by geographic origin, at the same time geographic
origin is changing within the Hispanic community. Given
these changing characteristics and the increasing proportion
of the population for which the Hispanic community accounts,
it is important to continue to monitor these groups to obtain
a better understanding of the patterns in consumer spending
and predicting what shapes they may take in the future. □
Notes
A cknowledgment: The author gratefully acknowledges Dr. Bárbara J.
Robles, University of Texas at Austin, for suggesting that recent, rapid
changes in the Hispanic community warrant a new look at expenditure
patterns for these consumers.
1 U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract o f the United States:
2001, p. 17, table 15, available on the Internet at: http://
www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/01statab/pop.pdf.
2 More information on consumer spending by Hispanics, is available
onand http://www.bls.gov/cex/2000/Standard/tenracar.pdf. However,
comparable tables of consumer spending by Hispanics are not a vailable at
this site prior to 1994.
3 For examples, see Janet Wagner and Horacio Soberon-Ferrar,
“The Effect of Ethnicity on Selected Household Expenditures,” The
Social Science Journal, February 1990, pp. 181-98; and Geoffrey D.
Paulin, “A growing market: expenditures by Hispanic consumers,”
Monthly Labor Review, March 1998, pp. 3-21.
4 Paulin, “A growing market.”
5 Geoffrey D. Paulin, “Variation in Food Purchases: A Study of InterEthnic and Intra-Ethnic Group Patterns Involving the Hispanic
Community,” Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, vol. 29,
no. 4, June 2001, pp. 336-381.
6 A consumer unit is defined as members of a household related by
blood, marriage, adoption, or other legal arrangement; a single person
living alone or sharing a household with others but who is financially
independent; or two or more persons living together who share
responsibility for at least two out of three major types of expenses— food,
housing, and other expenses. In this article, the terms consumer unit,
family, and household are used interchangeably for convenience.
7 These data describing consumer units are obtained from the
Interview component of the Consumer Expenditure Survey. The
weights for this survey are updated periodically using data obtained
from the Census Bureau. In addition to using later information in
computing the revised weights, the methodology for constructing
the weights changed for processing the 1997 and later data. (See
bls Handbook o f Methods, Chapter 16, http://www.bls.gov/opub/
hom /h om ch l6_c.h tm .) For these reasons alone, one m ight
expect to see differences in outcomes for 1994-95 data, which
were processed using the old weighting scheme, and the 2000-01
data, processed using the revised weighting scheme. In addition,
the sample size increased in 1999, as described subsequently in the
text. However, data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census (based on
the C urrent Population Survey) also shows that the H ispanic
community is changing. The results, in fact, are similar to those
shown in table 1, at least for overall growth rates. Using population,
rather than consumer unit, figures, the Census data show that the
non-Hispanic population increased 6 percent from 1995 to 2000,
compared with 19 percent for the Hispanic population. They also
show that each Hispanic ethnic group increased faster than the
non-Hispanic population: 21 percent for Mexican origin; 8 percent
for Puerto Rican origin; 12 percent for Cuban origin; 29 percent
for C entral or South American origin; and 7 percent for other
Spanish origin. (For 1995 data, see U.S. Bureau of the Census,
Statistical Abstract o f the United States: 1996, p. 51, table 53,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
http://www.census.gOv/prod/2/gen/96statab/pop.pdf; for 2000 data,
see U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract o f the United States:
2001, p. 43, table 41, http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/
Olstatab/pop.pdf) Some of the differences between the Consumer
Expenditure Survey and Census data may lie in the fact that the first set
is based on numbers of consumer units, and the second set is based on
individual members of the population; if one community has a large
influx of single-person immigrants, for example, and the established
community is comprised of multi-member families, the number of
consumer units may increase dramatically, while the population for the
group does not rise so rapidly. Additionally, there are differences in
methodologies for calculating the figures used by the different sources.
(For example, the Consumer Expenditure Survey weights are not
computed using ethnic origin, but the Current Population Survey weights
do use ethnic origin; see bls Handbook o f Methods, Chapter 1, http://
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/homchl_g.htm.) Nevertheless, each shows
that the Hispanic population is changing dramatically, and indicates
usefulness in examining these groups once again.
8 Paulin, “A growing market.”
9 A report describing the 1998-99 survey results indicates that the
“Interview survey collects detailed data on an estimated 60 percent to
70 percent of total household expenditures. Global estimates, that is,
expense patterns for a 3-month period, are obtained for food and
other selected items, accounting for an additional 20 percent to 25
percent of total expenditures.” See Consumer Expenditure Survey
1998-99, Report 955 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, November 2001),
p. 272.
10 The first person identified when the respondent is asked who is
responsible for owning or renting the home. In this study, the reference
person is assumed to be the parent in all cases.
11 “M exican” origin includes reference persons identified as
Mexican; M exican-American; and Chicano. “C entral or South
American” origin may include reference persons from Brazil, French
Guyana, or other areas where the official language is not Spanish. The
Consumer Expenditure Survey only asks whether the reference person
is of “Central or South American” origin, and does not allow for finer
distinctions. Similarly, “other Spanish” could include persons with
familial ties to Spain, Caribbean islands other than Puerto Rico or
Cuba (such as the Dominican Republic), or other areas. It is important
to note these differences, because changes over time in these groups
(Central and South American as well as other Spanish) may be due to
changes in the underlying composition of these groups, which are not
detectable in the Consumer Expenditure Survey.
12 In general, complete income reporters are defined as consumer
units for which the respondent reports at least one major source of
income for the consumer unit, such as wages and salaries, selfemployment income, or Social Security income. However, even
complete income reporters do not necessarily provide a full accounting
of income from all sources.
13 Data from the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service
confirm that patterns of immigration have changed for Central
Americans. According to data presented in the U.S. Statistical Abstracts
(1996, table 8; and 2002, table 7) immigration from Central America
rose from 39,900 in 1994 to 66,400 in 2000; an increase of 66 percent.
By far, the largest increase is for immigrants from Nicaragua. In 1994,
approximately 5,300 immigrants arrived from this country. In 2000,
the number increased to 24,000; an increase of 353 percent. In addition,
the proportion of immigrants from Central America for which
Nicaraguans accounted rose from 13 percent to 36 percent—that is,
from fewer than 1 in 7 to more than 1 in 3. Immigrants from El
Salvador, who had accounted for the largest proportion—44 percent—
in 1994, dropped to second place in 2000—34 percent. Nevertheless,
the only group for which the number of immigrants actually declined
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003 29
Hispanic Consumers
was for Panama. There were 2,400 immigrants from this country in
1994 compared to 1,800 in 2000.
Although the data for South American immigrants are limited on
these tables, they show that total immigration from South America
rose 18 percent over this time, from 47,400 immigrants in 1994 to
56,100 in 2000. (When immigrants from Brazil and Guyana—the two
non-Spanish speaking countries for which data are available—are
excluded, the increase is 23 percent.) Data for other Spanish are even
less available, although immigration from the Dominican Republic
declined substantially, from 51,200 in 1994 to 17,500 in 2000.
For more information on immigration patterns from these areas,
see the U.S. Statistical Abstracts.
missing in the Consumer Expenditure Survey data. However, the
number of missing values is small, and the pattern of missingness is
presumed to be random, so the omission of these observations should
not cause any problems in the analysis.
20 Milton Friedman, A Theory o f the Consumption Function
(Princeton, search, 1957), p. 221.
21 Suppose, for example, that one family consistently earns
$20,000 per year, and another one usually earns $15,000, but for
some reason received an unexpected $5,000 in income during the past
year. Even though both families earned $20,000 in “current” income,
they may have very different spending patterns. Note that each will
have different “permanent” incomes, because the family receiving
the extra transitory income ($5,000) will realize that this is a one
time only event, and adjust spending accordingly.
14 Paulin, “Variation in Food Purchases,” 2001.
15 Louis Phlips, Applied Consumption Analysis (Amsterdam,
Elsevier Science Publishers b .v .; distributed in the U.S. and Canada by
Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. of New York, ny ), p. 103.
22 For a detailed discussion of “com plete” and “incom plete”
reporters, see Geoffrey D. Paulin and David L. Ferraro , “Imputing
income in the Consumer Expenditure Survey,” Monthly Labor Review,
December 1994, pp. 23-31.
16 Paulin, “A growing market.”
17 Shelter and utilities is analyzed instead of total housing because
shelter (largely, rent and mortgage interest payments) and utilities
contitutes the basic expenditures most families would incur on a
recurring basis.
18 In this case, children are defined as persons under 18 years old. In
the Consumer Expenditure Survey, they are defined as the offspring of
the reference person. It is possible that a person under 18 is not the
offspring of the reference person. This may be because the reference
person is the grandparent, aunt or uncle, or some other relative of the
person under 18. It may also be that the person under 18 is the
reference person—for example, a 17-year-old college student might
be included in the sample. By the same token, number of adults is
ascertained by subtracting persons under 18 from total family size.
Therefore, in the case of the 17-year-old college student, the consumer
unit could have no adults and one child.
19 There are slightly fewer degrees of freedom for the housing
regressions because variables related to size of dwelling are occasionally
APPENDIX:
24 The percentage of Cuban families sampled who report “owning with
a mortgage” increases substantially from 1994-95 to 2000-01, while the
percentage reporting renting their homes decreases substantially. In
previous work, Geoffrey D. Paulin finds that homeowners and renters
have different tastes and preferences, even when other characteristics are
taken into account. This work finds that homeowners have a lower mpe
than renters for primary housing and related services, but in that study,
primary housing and related services includes household operations and
house furnishings and equipment in addition to shelter and utilities, which
are studied separately in this article. Therefore, it is difficult to say precisely
whether the change in mpe is a direct result of the difference in percent
reporting renting versus owning, or due to other factors. See Geoffrey D.
Paulin, “A Comparison of Consumer Expenditures by Housing Tenure,”
The Journal of Consumer Affairs, Summer 1995, pp. 164-198, especially,
pp. 174-75.
Notes on methodology
B ox-C ox transform ations.
The tw o m o st im p o rtan t
variables (aside from ethnicity) considered in this section are
expenditures and income. However, neither of these is often
found to have a normal distribution,1a problem that can cause
biased regression results. One solution is to transform these
data so that they are approximately normally distributed. One
method that has been used with expenditure data is the BoxCox transform ation.2 Perhaps the m ost frequently cited
version is as follows:
Y* = (Yx- \ )ik
where
Y* is the transformed version o f the variable
Y is expenditures for a specific good or service (for
example, food at home or apparel)
X is a parameter.
30 Monthly Labor Review August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
23 Additional tables containing specific results, such as parameter
estimates, /-statistics, and F-statistics are available on the Internet at:
http://www.bls.gov/cex/csxart.htm or upon request to the author:
Paulin_G@bls.gov.
T his version o f the equation is m ost u seful in d e
monstrating two special cases for the value of X. On the one
hand, if X is one, then no transformation of the independent
variable is necessary. (The net result is that Y* equals Y -1 ,
and subtracting a constant from each observation of Y will
not affect the distribution.) On the other hand, if X approaches
zero, then Y* is approximately equal to the natural log of Y.
Although this specification is useful for deriving the value
of Y* when X approaches zero, it does not yield an intuitive
interpretation when X takes on any other value.3 However, on
the same page of the original article on which they describe
this specification, G.E.P. Box and D.R. Cox point out that this
equation can be simplified to:
Y* = yx
This leads to a simple interpretation of both X and the
equation as a whole. For example, if A is found to be Vi, then
the transformed variable is simply the square root of Y. In the
regression, then, each value of the dependent value is replaced
by its square root, and the regression is performed in the
usual way. (Note that at least for the special case where A
equals one, it is even easier to see that no transformation is
necessary; Y* equals Y in this case.)
The obvious question raised is how one calculates the
value of A. Conventionally, this is done by trial and error.
Several values for A are used, and whichever A yields the
model with the lowest mean square error is the selected value.
However, this method is extremely time consuming, and nearly
impossible when one considers that there are two variables
(expenditures a n d income) that are being trans-formed. In
this study A is estim ated through a m aximum likelihood
procedure described by Stuart Scott and Daniel J. Rope, who
specifically study transformations of Consumer Expenditure
Survey data.4 The results of this procedure are shown in the
following text tabulation:
Expenditure
Optimal value
for A
Food at home.............................................
Shelter and utilities....................................
Apparel and services.................................
Transportation (excluding vacation
and pleasure trips)...............................
Recreation and related expenditures.........
Healthcare.................................................
Marginal propensity to expend.
0.250
.250
.125
.000
.125
.125
One o f the most important
results that can be derived from the regressions presented is
the marginal propensity to expend (m pe ).5 This term is defined
as the percentage of an additional dollar the family would
spend on a specific good if given an additional dollar. The
m p e is equal to the slope o f the E ngel curve (that is,
expenditures as a function o f incom e for each good or
service), and is a critical component of elasticity; each of the
elasticities shown in table 5 of the text are derived from the
marginal propensity to expend money for the same good.
In most literature, the mpe is referred to as the “marginal
propensity to consume” (m pc ). In the previous work, in fact, the
term “ m p c ” was used. The reason for the difference in
terminology comes from the inter-temporal comparisons. The
usual meaning o f the term m pc is the change in quantity
demanded given a unit increase in income. It can also mean the
change in expenditure given a unit increase in income, as noted.
However, this is only true assuming prices are constant. To
illustrate, suppose that a person regularly purchases apples by
the pound. The expenditure for apples can be shown to be:
X = PQ
W here
X is the expenditure on apples;
P is the price per pound for apples;
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Q is the number of pounds of apples purchased.
Suppose further that expenditures are a linear function of
income:
X = a + bl.
According to this equation, if income (7) rises by one dollar,
expenditures (X) will increase by b cents. Because the price
per pound is fixed for all consumers who shop at the same
store (that is, it is not related to income), the only way that X
can change in response to an increase in I is because Q
changes in response to an increase in 7. That is, the higher
the incom e, the m ore pounds o f apples the cu sto m er
purchases.
During the time frames under study (1994-95 and 200001) price changes were fairly small, in general. However,
even if year-to-year changes are small, over time, they can
add up to large changes in prices across the periods (that is,
when comparing 1994-95 to 2000-01). Note that even if 7 and
Q stay the same, X could rise over time simply because P rises
over time. (It is even possible for X to rise if P rises by a larger
percentage than Q declines.) If price changes affected all
goods in exactly the same way, it would be easy to control for
these changes when comparing m pes . However, as described
in the text, the different goods and services com pared
experienced different price changes over tim e; in fact,
although most prices rose, prices for apparel and services
declined from 1994-95 to 2000-01. None of the price increases
studied exactly m atched the increase in overall prices.
Therefore, relative prices of goods and services will differ over
the periods. For example, as noted, prices for apparel and services
declined while total prices increased. Therefore, apparel and
services are relatively less expensive m 2000-01 than in 1994-95.
Similarly, prices for transportation rose at a slower rate (12.5
percent) than all prices (16.2 percent). Although actual prices
were higher in 2000-01 for transportation than they were in
1994-95, relative to other goods and services, transportation
cost less in 1994-95 than in 2000-01. And because prices for
medical care rose faster (18.5 percent) than other prices,
medical care was relatively more expensive in 2000-01 than in
1994-95, although its relative increase (that is, its increase
compared with other price increases) is not nearly so large as
its actual price increase (the aforementioned 18.5 percent).
Given that relative prices are different in these time periods,
then even given the same income across years, consumers
will allocate the dollars differently (for example, they might
purchase more apparel and services in 2000-01 than in 199495). Even if permanent income is price-adjusted by the change
in total prices, different allocations will occur if the price
change for the good under study is different than the change
in total prices.6 That is, because of the change in relative
prices, the MPE for each good changes. The reason is that
the change in relative prices changes the Engel curve that
describes the consum er’s expenditures.7
One way to correct for the change in relative prices is to
adjust both permanent income by the change in overall prices,
and adjust the specific good (that is, food at home) by the change
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003 31
Hispanic Consumers
Table A-l.
Unadjusted results: marginal propensity to expend (MPE) and permanent income elasticity
by Hispanic group and expenditure category, 1994-95 and 2000-01
Mexican
Puerto Rican
Cuban
Expenditure category
Central or South
American
Other Spanish
1994-95
2000-01
1994-95 2000-01
1994-95 2000-01
1994-95
Total expenditures...................................
Food at home.......................................
Marginal propensity to expend.......
Permanent income elasticity..........
$24,164
3,686
0.035
0.229
$29,545
4,127
10.042
0.298
$23,194
4,052
20.062
0.357
$27,191
3,853
0.048
0.338
$25,127
3,535
0.043
0.303
$35,341
3,926
0.039
0.347
$28,367
3,884
20.055
0.403
$36,727
4,524
'0.036
0.295
$27,127
3,839
0.035
0.250
$29,286
3,475
0.038
0.322
Shelter and utilities.............................
Marginal propensity to expend.......
Permanent income elasticity..........
6,653
0.141
0.511
8,102
'0.147
0.536
7,489
20.209
0.648
8,937
20.230
0.699
6,651
0.112
0.424
11,312
1'20.195
0.611
9,505
20.198
0.591
11,028
20.169
0.563
7,642
0.147
0.524
7,750
0.142
0.536
Apparel and services..........................
Marginal propensity to expend.......
Permanent income elasticity..........
1,291
0.078
1.461
1,325
0.059
1.319
1,125
20.091
1.886
1,292
0.072
1.521
848
20.035
1.024
1,088
0.042
1.349
1,264
0.061
1.370
1,481
0.055
1.367
1,263
0.080
1.724
1,267
20.071
1.641
Transportation (excluding vacation
and pleasure trip s )............................
Marginal propensity to expend.......
Permanent income elasticity..........
4,875
0.291
1.443
6,989
0.350
1.481
2,950
20.264
2.074
4,453
20.305
1.865
4,264
20.311
1.833
6,958
20.368
1.870
4,813
0.232
1.367
7,086
0.306
1.586
5,058
20.168
0.903
6,303
20.256
1.191
Recreation and related expenditures..
Marginal propensity to expend.......
Permanent income elasticity..........
2,047
0.138
1.627
2,529
0.142
1.653
2,170
0.166
1.771
2,558
0.140
1.487
2,617
20.210
2.021
3,206
0.161
1.774
2,613
0.144
1.561
3,137
0.134
1.571
2,712
0.165
1.648
2,705
0.156
1.693
1 Income coeficient is statistically different from 1994 95 at the 90percent confidence level, see table 8 for more information.
in its own price. In this case “real” food at home expenditures are
regressed on “real” permanent income. The problem with
applying this approach is that only two categories under study
(food at home and apparel and services) have CPI values that
directly match them. For example, there is a CPI for transportation,
but it includes airfares and other expenditures for travel on
vacation and pleasure trips, which are included in recreation and
related expenditures in this study. It is not clear how to either
disaggregate these components from the CPI to match the
transportation expenditure data, or how to price-adjust the
transportation data correctly at the component level and to sum
the results.8
Nonetheless, the MPE is useful to examine. Within a time
period (that is, 1994-95 or 2000-01) the m pe and the MPC can
be considered identical, because w ithin the period, all
consumers can be assumed to face the same prices. Changes
across time periods have to be interpreted cautiously, because
they may reflect changes in relative prices rather than actual
tastes and preferences. However, some information can still
be gleaned by examining the changes as a whole. For example,
suppose that the relative price of a good increases, and so
does the m p e . This may indicate an underlying change in the
tastes and preferences of the group for which this is true.
Additionally, if the m pe rises for some groups and falls for
others, there may be something happening in at least one of
the groups that is not related to price changes, because each
group faces the same changes in prices over time.
Empirically, it is also important to point out that the MPE
can be derived in two ways. First, it can be derived for the
average family in each ethnic group. These are shown in
table A -l as the “unadjusted” MPE’s.9 In other words, to
32 Monthly Labor Review August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2000-01
1994-95
2000-01
2 income coeficient is statistically significantly different from Mexican
consumers at the 90-percent confidence level; see table 8 for information.
compute the m pe for food at home for M exican families,
income and food expenditures for the average Mexican family
are used. Likewise, average income and expenditures for
Cuban families are used to compute MPE’s for Cuban families.
However, these results by themselves do not tell the whole
story; th at is, how m uch o f the d ifferen ce in m p e is
attributable to underlying differences across ethnic groups,
and how much is attributable to differences in income and
expenditures by ethnic groups? To answer this important
question, the “standardized” MPE’s are also presented. (See
table 7.) That is, the m pe is recalculated for each ethnic group,
for a hypothetical family in that group whose income and
food at home expenditures happen to match the averages for
all Hispanic consumer units. W hen these factors are held
constant, the differences must be due to tastes or other factors
captured in the income parameter estimate. An example of the
calculation of the “unadjusted” and “standardized” m pe is
shown subsequently.
In cases for which the Engel curve is specified in linear
terms, the m pe is constant, and is equal to the value of the
parameter estimate associated with income. It is estimated
through the following regression equation:
Y = a + bl + e
where
Y is expenditure for the good in question
a is the intercept
b is a parameter estimate
/ is “permanent” income
e is the error term.
Using calculus, one can see that
and so
dY/dl = b
and so
b
is equal to the
m pe.
dU/dl = dU/dY*dY/dI
However, in the text, the Engel curves are not specified as
a linear function. In all cases except transportation (described
in the following), they are specified as:10
dU/dY=l/Y\
d(a + b\nl + e)/dl = b/I\
Yx = a + b\nl + e
therefore,
where
dU/dl = (1 /Y)*dY/dI = b/I
X is a p a ra m e te r e stim a te d w ith a m axim um
likelihood procedure (see text).
W hile it is still appropriate to use calculus to find the first
derivative o f the equation, the chain rule is now needed
because Y is a function o f X. T herefore, we m ake the
following substitution:
U = Yk
and so
U = a + b\nl + e
du/dl = d(a + b\nl + e)/dl
dU/dl = dU/dY*dY/dI (by the chain rule).
Solving the pieces that are known,
dU/dY =XYXU,
d(a + b\nl + e)/dl = bll\
therefore,
dU/dl = XYxl*dY/dl = b/I
dY/dl = 3 [ ( r T x]/d/ = d[(a +b\nl +e)ux\/dl = [1 /X(a
+ b\nl +e)l/x l]*b/I
= [b/IX]*(a + b\nI + e y ,x l
= [b/IX]*(Yxy ,x-1
= [b/IX\*(Yxy iX},x
= [b /ix \* (r x)
or after rearranging,
dY/dl = bYux/XI
Because the MPE (dY/dl) is related to levels of expenditure
and income, average values are used to evaluate the m pe as
described in the text.
As noted earlier, the one exception is transportation. In
this special case, the optimal value of X is found to be zero.
Using the original Box-Cox formula,
y*-0*-iyx
it can be shown that as X approaches zero, Y* approaches the
natural log o f y .11 In this case, then, the Engel curve is
specified as:
\n(Y) = a + b\nl + e
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
dY/dl = b*(Y/I)
Given these equations, calculating the actual value of the
is not difficult, but care must be taken to get the correct
value for “b.” In the case of M exican families (that is, the
control group), the appropriate value for “&” is shown in the
regression equation; that is, it is the param eter estim ate
associated with income. However, for the average Puerto
Rican family, the proper value of “b” is found by summing the
income param eter shown for M exicans with the income
parameter shown for Puerto Ricans.12Note that “Z>” is used to
calculate m pe in both the “unadjusted” and “standardized”
cases. In the “unadjusted” case, all three terms in the m pe
equation— b, /, and Y—can differ across geographic origin.
However, in the “standardized” case, only b can differ by
geographic origin. (Standardization is defined here to say, if
all Hispanic families had the same amount of income, and
allocated the same share to each good and service, how would
their mpes and income elasticities differ from each other?)
Therefore, for 1994-95, if the income parameter estimate for
Puerto Rican families is statistically significant, Puerto Ricans
and Mexicans have statistically significantly different m pe 's
in the “standardized” results in 1994-95.13 Therefore, even if
the average Puerto Rican and Mexican family started with the
same income and food at home expenditure levels, the Puerto
Rican and Mexican families would be predicted to allocate
differently an additional dollar of income in 1994-95. For the
2000-01 results, a comparison of the parameter estimates
alone is not sufficient to figure out whether differences are
statistically significant; in this case, several coefficients are
involved. For M exican families, if the coefficient for income
interacted with year (that is, bT) is statistically significant,
then the income coefficient can be said to have changed over
time for Mexican consumers. However, to compare Puerto
Rican consumers with Mexican consumers in 2000-01, an Ftest must be performed on the sum of the Puerto Rican income
coefficient and the coefficient for the Puerto Rican income
variable interacted with the year. If that sum is found to be
statistically significantly different from zero, then Puerto
Rican families in 2000-01 have a statistically significantly
different MPE in the “standardized” results due to a difference
m pe
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003 33
Hispanic Consumers
in the relationship of income and expenditure for Puerto Rican
and M exican families in 2000-01. For example, for food at
home, the income coefficient for Puerto Rican families is
0.26478. This value is statistically significant at the 99-percent
confidence level, indicating that the relationship between
permanent income and food at home expenditures is different
for Puerto Rican and Mexican families in 1994-95. The income
parameter estimate for Puerto Rican families in 2000-01 is
-0.19479. (This is the coefficient for the variable that is equal to
income for all Puerto Rican families in 2000-01, but equal to zero
for all families that are either not Puerto Rican or not interviewed
in 2000-01.) The sum of the two parameters is 0.06999 (that is,
0.26478 - 0.19479 = 0.06999). However, the F-statistic, which
tests whether this sum is statistically significant, is 0.94. The
critical F-statistic for 90 percent confidence is about 2.71;
therefore, the sum of the parameters is not statistically different
from zero, even at the 90-percent confidence level, and so it
cannot be said with any degree of statistical confidence that
Puerto Rican and Mexican families have different mpe’s for food
at home in 2000-01.
Income elasticity.
A n o th er im p o rtan t v alue th at can
be com puted using the regression results is the income
elasticity of each expenditure category. Income elasticity
(often symbolized by the Greek letter “r |”) is defined as the
percent change in an expenditure given a 1-percent change in
income. (For convenience, the income change is assumed to
be positive throughout this analysis.) M ost goods and
services have a positive income elasticity— that is, a 1-percent
increase in income yields an increase in expenditure for most
goods and services. If the income elasticity is greater than
zero but less than one, the good is called “inelastic,” because
it is not very responsive to income changes. For example, an
income elasticity of 0.5 indicates that a 1-percent increase in
income is associated with an increase of one-half of 1 percent
in expenditures. However, if the elasticity is greater than one,
the good or service is called “elastic,” because it is more
responsive to these changes. Income inelastic goods are also
frequently called “necessities,” and income elastic goods and
services are often called “luxuries.” (Goods and services with
negative income elasticities are called “inferior” goods,
because an increase in income is associated with a decrease
in expenditures for these items; however, no inferior goods
are found in this analysis.) As usual, total expenditures are
used as a proxy for “permanent” income here.
Once the MPE is found, the income elasticity is easily
calculated. Its value is simply the m p e multiplied by the
inverse expenditure share, or
r) =dY/dI*I/Y
For the cases where A. is greater than zero, the formula
becomes:
r| = (bYl'x/XT)*I/Y = b Y x/X = b/XYx
where Y is either the average expenditure for the ethnic
group or all consum er units, depending on w hether the
“unadjusted” or “standardized” elasticity is being calculated.
In the case of transportation, the elasticity is even easier
to calculate. It is simply the parameter estimate associated
with incom e, regardless of w hether the “unadjusted” or
“standardized” elasticity is calculated. (As with the MPE,
“unadjusted” elasticities are calculated using average annual
expenditures and income of each ethnic group, whereas
“ standardized” elasticities are calculated using average
annual expenditures and income for all consumer units.) The
following equation proves this statement, using the MPE for
the situation where X equals zero:
T] = dY/dI*I/Y = b*(Y/I)*I/Y= b
Notes to the appendix
1 Geoffrey D. Paulin and David L. Ferraro, “Do Expenditures Explain
Income? A Study of Variables for Income Imputation,” Journal o f
Economic and Social Measurement, 22, 1996, pp. 103-28.
2 g .e .p . Box and
d .r .
C ox , “An Analysis of Transformations,”
Journal o f the Royal Statistical Society, number 2, Series B, 1964, pp.
211-43.
3 Even if A. is 1, it is hard to imagine why Y is transformed to be K- 1.
4 Stuart Scott and Daniel J. Rope, “D istributions and
Transformations for Family Expenditures,” 1993 Proceedings o f the
Section on Social Statistics (Alexandria, va , American Statistical
Association, 1993), pp. 741-46.
5 Perhaps a more acoustically pleasing term is “marginal propensity
to spend,” but the abbreviation, mps , might be confused with “marginal
propensity to save,” which is the opposite of mpe . Another candidate
is “marginal propensity to purchase,” but again, m pp is a term
34 Monthly Labor Review August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
commonly used in economic literature to indicate “marginal physical
product.”
6
The exception is for goods or services that are perfectly priceinelastic. That is, quantities purchased do not change at all in response
to changes in prices. An example is a life-saving prescription drug. A
consumer who needs the drug will pay nearly any price to obtain it,
even if it means selling possessions. However, even if the drug is
inexpensive, the consumer will not increase quantity purchased,
because the extra medication would be wasted. Nonetheless, while such
goods and services may exist, they are unusual, and not likely to be
found for the aggregate categories described; for example, in order for
a good such as shelter and utilities or transportation to be perfectly
price-inelastic, every component would have to be. Even with
healthcare, this is not likely to be true. Even less likely, some
components could have positive price elasticities and some negative,
and in such magnitudes that they would exactly balance each other out
in the aggregate. However, a positive price elasticity indicates an
increase in quantity demanded as price rises, which is exceedingly
unlikely to be observed in practice; even if it were, the magnitudes of
the component elasticities exactly balancing is also not likely to be
observed.
7 Readers familiar with budget constraints and indifference curves will
note that when calculating the Engel curve, the slope of the budget
constraint remains constant, but income changes. But when relative prices
change, the slope of the budget constraint changes. Even on the same
indifference curve, consumers will decrease purchases of the more
expensive good and increase purchases of the less expensive good. If
income is held constant so that the budget constraint under the old and
new price levels cross, consumers will still move to a different indifference
curve in response to the change in relative prices. Either way, the Engel
curve changes when relative prices change, except for goods with perfect
price-inelasticity.
8 By contrast, it is easy to aggregate nominal expenditures: If
someone goes out to eat twice and spends $5 each time, and purchases
one newspaper for $1, the total expenditure for recreation and related
services is $11. However, when analyzing real expenditures, the effect
of the price change is factored out, and it is unclear how to handle the
real dollars. In real terms, the person went out to eat twice, and bought
one newspaper. It is not clear how to aggregate two meals out and one
new spaper to obtain a meaningful number. There are three
entertainment expenditures made, but they are completely different
goods that are consumed.
9 Some readers may be interested in the specific estimates for mpe
and elasticity for each group when evaluated individually. That is, in
the standardized results presented in the text, each group is assumed to
have the same income and the expenditure for each good. In this
section, m pe ’s and elasticities are estimates for each Hispanic group,
using the average permanent income and expenditure for the specific
group under study. The results do not generally differ a lot from the
standardized results, but they are presented for purposes of comparison.
such as 0.0001, for k. Choose some positive number larger than one
for Y. (choosing 1 will make the equation equal zero because 1 to any
power still equals 1. Anything smaller will make the function negative,
and a natural log is impossible to find. Because most expenditures, on
average, are greater than $1, choosing Y greater than 1 is plausible.)
Exponentiating Y* should yield the original value assumed for Y.
12 The reason is that the parameter estimate for a specific group
represents the difference between that group and the control group. For
example, in a linear equation, suppose that the following regression
results were obtained:
Y = 100 + 40P + 0.25/ - 0.051*P
Where P is a binary variable for Puerto Rican origin, and / is the
income variable.
If Mexican families are the control group, then the Engel curve for
Mexicans would be specified as:
Y = 100 + 0.25/.
However, for Puerto Rican families, the Engel curve would be specified
to be:
Y = (100 + 40) + (0.25 - 0.05)/ = 140 + 0.20/.
The interpretation of the coefficients is that (assuming all results
are statistically significant) on average, before income is controlled
for, Puerto Ricans would spend $40 more than Mexicans for the good
in question. However, the mpc for Puerto Ricans would be 0.05 cents
less than that for Mexicans. Or one could say Mexicans on average
allocate $100 plus 25 cents of every dollar of income for the good in
question, and Puerto Ricans on average allocate $140 plus 20 cents of
every dollar of income for the good in question.
13 For convenience, both “unadjusted” and “standardized” results
10
Note that in the equation “e” is a random error term. Even though
are marked to indicate a statistically significant difference in parameter
the natural log of income is used in the equation, this symbol “e” should estimates. Although the “standardized” results can be interpreted more
not be confused with the transcendental number “e” (approximate value:
scientifically, because they indicate that there is a difference in mpe even
2.718) which serves as the base number for which the natural log is
with ceteris paribus, the statistical significance marker for the
calculated.
“unadjusted” results emphasizes that the difference is not just because
mean expenditures or permanent incomes are different, but that there
11 To “prove” without calculus, choose some very small number, are additional effects to consider.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003 35
Pension plan participation
Defining participation
in defined contribution pension plans
Traditional measures appear to overstate the number
of participants in defined contribution pensions; using data
from the Survey o f Income and Program Participation
and the Social Security Administration's Detailed Earnings
Record may result in a more accurate measure
John Turner,
Leslie Muller,
and
Satyendra K. Verma
John Turner is
Senior Policy Advisor
at the Public Policy
institute AARP;
Leslie Muller is an
economist at the
Social Security
Administration;
and Satyendra K,
Verma is Senior
Research Advisor at
the Public Policy
Institute AARP.
E-mail:
JTurner@aarp.org
Lesiie.Muller@ssa.gov
SVerma@aarp.org
36
xpanding pension coverage has long
been a goal of Federal pension policy. In
recent years, progress towards that goal
has occurred entirely through growth in defined
contribution plans. The number of active partici
pants in defined benefit plans peaked at 30.2 mil
lion in 1984, and had declined to 23.0 million by
1998.1 During this period, the number in defined
contribution plans grew from 30.6 million to 50.3
million.2
The concept of pension participation has been
defined different ways. The standard legal con
cept of “active participation” is whether a partici
pant is “benefiting” under a plan in a given year.
For defined contribution plans, this generally
means that a participant has received an alloca
tion of a contribution or forfeitures that year—
not just that he or she has an account. An excep
tion to this rule is for 401 (k) plans, wherein a par
ticipant is counted as active if he or she is eligible
to make a contribution, whether or not he or she
actually does.
We suggest two criteria for measuring pen
sion participation. First, to assess progress in
improving pension participation, policy analysts
need empirical measures of participation that are
consistent with the underlying goal of increas
ing the amount of retirement income provided
through the private pension system. Second, for
comparability across plan types, the measure of
pension participation for defined contribution
plans should be consistent with the measure for
E
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
defined benefit plans. Concepts that have been
developed for defined benefit plans do not al
ways transfer directly to defined contribution
plans.
This article discusses the meaning of partici
pation in a defined contribution pension plan, and
addresses why many workers who say they are
participants are not actively participating be
cause they have no contributions made on their
behalf. We also present a new measure of active
participation that requires the worker to earn a
benefit based on current contributions either by
himself or his employer; this measure is then com
pared with a more traditional measure of partici
pation. To our knowledge, this definition has not
been used in any previous study. Additionally,
by making use of a match between Survey of In
come and Program Participation ( s ip p ), which is a
survey of persons, and Internal Revenue Service
(1RS) W-2 payroll data filed by employers with
tax-collecting authority, we are able to determine
the accuracy o f individual responses as to
whether they are contributing to their defined
contribution plan.
Previous measure of participation
Three different definitions of pension participa
tion in defined contribution plans have been used
in empirical studies. First, the Department of La
bor distinguishes between total participants and
active participants. In its filing instructions to
employers, it indicates that active participants should include
all individuals who are eligible to elect the employer to make
contributions to a 401 (k) plan. The Department of Labor, in
the Form 5500 statistics, defines an active participant in a
defined contribution plan as a worker with a positive account
balance with his or her current employer. Active participants
exclude beneficiaries and separated vested participants. To
tal participants include beneficiaries. Thus, it is possible
with this definition for workers not to contribute to their de
fined benefit plan and still be counted as actively participat
ing. Leslie E. Papke used the Form 5500 data to study 401 (k)
participation and contribution rates, defining participation
this way.3
Second, in studies using data from the Current Population
Survey (CPS), the Survey o f Consumer Finances, and the sipp,
workers are generally counted as participating in a pension
plan if they respond affirmatively— having decided the defi
nition o f participation them selves. For exam ple, Craig
Copeland used the February 2001 Contingent Worker Supple
ment to the CPS and the March 2001 CPS to determine pension
participation, based on a question asking workers if they par
ticipated in a plan sponsored by their employer.4 It is not
known what definition or definitions employees are implicitly
using when responding that they are pension participants.
In defined contribution plans, some workers may mean that
they have such a plan with a positive account balance with
their current employer, but others may be using the more re
strictive definition of making a contribution to their plan.
Third, Andrea L. Kusko, James M. Poterba, and David M.
Wilcox count only those employees making contributions to
the plan in a given year as participants that year.5 This defini
tion is also used by Robert L. Clark and Sylvester J. Schieber,
who use plan data to examine the factors that affect participa
tion in 401 (k) plans.6 This definition does not include as par
ticipants employees who did not contribute but whose em
ployers contributed on their behalf. Thus, this definition does
not apply to non-401(k)-type plans.
Hence, previous studies use three definitions of defined
contribution pension participation: ( 1) the worker has a posi
tive account balance; (2) the worker answers “yes” to the
question, “Are you a participant?”; and (3) the worker con
tributes to the plan.
Active pension participation
To clarify concepts, coverage and participation in a worker’s
current employment can be analyzed as occurring in five steps.
These steps can be visualized as levels in a pyramid, starting
from the base and proceeding to successively smaller groups
of employees at the higher levels. Inclusion in each group is
defined by the answer “yes” to the following questions:
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1.
Does your employer or union sponsor a pension
plan?
2 Is your job covered by the plan? (Employers are
permitted to exclude some jobs from coverage.)
3. Are you eligible to participate in the plan? (Eligi
bility refers to whether the worker has met requirements
such as age, tenure, and hours worked per year.)
4. Do you have an account balance in the plan?
5. Are you actively accruing benefits based on your
current work?7
While a fully complete analysis would consider the loss of
potential participants that occurs at each of these steps, this
article focuses on the measurement of active participation in a
pension plan. To be actively participating in a pension plan
from the perspective proposed here, a worker must be earning
or accruing benefits based on current work (hence, the fifth
question).
Our analysis focuses on this fifth question. The signifi
cance of this definition of participation is evidenced by ex
amining workers currently considered to be participating ac
cording to U.S. pension statistics and under U.S. pension
law— but not participating under this definition.
Workers and their em ployers who do not contribute in
a year would not be considered active participants in a
defined contribution plan under the definition proposed
here. This situation could arise in a profit-sharing plan
because em ployers are not required to contribute to those
plans every year. It could also arise in a 401 (k) plan, named
after a section of the tax code, where the em ployer contri
bution typically depends on the em ployee having m ade a
contribution. Also, if an em ployee m akes a hardship w ith
drawal, the employer may suspend employer and employee
contributions for a period.
In some defined contribution plans, when workers borrow
from the plan, they cannot make any contributions to their
accounts until they pay off the borrowing. Thus, they have
no new accruals. Studies have found that 18 percent of par
ticipants in 401(k) plans have loans outstanding.8 However,
it is not known how prevalent the requirement is that plan
loans be paid off before contributions can be made to the
pension. Also, it is not known how employees in this situa
tion respond on questionnaires when asked if they are con
tributing to their plan.
An earlier study suggests that nearly 30 percent of work
ers with 401(k) accounts may not be contributing to those
accounts in a year. The 1993 April CPS asked workers with
401(k) accounts whether they planned to contribute to their
accounts. Only 68 percent responded “yes”; others re
sponded that they did not know whether they would contrib
ute or refused to answer this question.9
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
37
Pension plan participation
The definition of active participation proposed here satis
fies both criteria posited at the beginning of the article. First,
it measures participation consistent with the goal of workers
accruing benefits for retirement. Second, it measures partici
pation in defined contribution plans consistent with the m ea
sure in defined benefit plans, where workers are actively ac
cruing benefits.
Data from
sipp—
1993 and 1996 panels
We compare data on defined contribution participation rates
using three definitions of participation. Under the first defini
tion, the individual responds “yes” to the question in the s ip p
asking whether he or she participates in an employer-spon
sored defined contribution plan (“ SIPP definition”). Under
the second definition, the individual responds “yes” to the
participation question and also makes a personal contribu
tion to the plan (“Worker contribution definition”). The third
definition only considers workers participating if they answer
yes to the participation question, and are either making per
sonal contributions to their plans or are having their employ
ers make contributions on their behalf, or both. This is the
new definition we propose in this article, one called the “ac
crual definition.”
To overcome shortcomings for our purposes of the com
monly used data sets, we study contributions to defined con
tribution plans using three data sets. We use data from the
1993 and 1996 panels of the s ip p , with pension data collected
in 1995 and 1998. We supplement the data for 1995 with Social
Security administrative data for that year from the Detailed
Earnings Record. We use data for private-sector workers with
at least one wage-and-salary job and who are age 25 and older,
including part-time workers. A feature of our analysis that is
made possible by these data sets is our attempt to cross check
and verify the answers provided by workers concerning their
contributions to defined contribution plans.
s ip p 1993-Data fo r 1995. The 1993 s ip p pension topical
module was fielded in October 1995-January 1996, depending
on the rotation group to which the individual belonged.10 Be
cause all topical module information refers to the last month
of the reference period, all pension contribution information
provided by respondents refers to the September-December
1995 period.
There are two sections of participation and contribution
information in the topical module. The first section begins by
asking the respondents whether they are covered by any type
of pension plan at their current place of employment. If the
respondents answer “yes,” they are asked whether the plan is
a formula type plan (defined benefit), an individual account
type plan (defined contribution), or other type (a hybrid plan
38
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
combining features of both defined benefit and defined con
tribution plans). The individuals are then asked if they con
tribute to their plan, and how much they contribute. Regard
less of whether they contribute, they are also asked if their
employer contributes.
The second section asks for information specifically on
401 (k)-type plans, which are the most popular type of defined
contribution pension plan in the United States. If the respon
dents answered that they did not have a pension plan in the
first section, they are automatically directed to this section. If
they indicated they had a pension plan in the first section,
they are asked the questions in this section after completing
the first. In this section, however, they are not asked if they
contributed in the current year or how much they contrib
uted— they are only asked the current balance in the account.
For those people who said they did not have a pension plan in
the first section but said they participated in a 401 (k) plan in
the second, the s ip p does not provide contribution informa
tion that is needed for our analysis. This is a serious short
coming of the 1993 SIPP topical module for our purposes, but
we are able to overcome this problem by using data from the
Detailed Earnings Record.
Detailed Earnings Record. The Detailed Earnings Record
data contain records of various earnings measures maintained
by the Social Security Administration. These figures are from
the W-2 forms that employers file each year with the Internal
Revenue Service for each employee. Each record contains
annual earnings for each employee, as well as annual deferred
earnings in the form of tax-deductible pension contributions.
These data contain information about employee tax-deferred
contributions to pension plans, but not about employer con
tributions. The data set also does not contain information
about employee nontax-deferred contributions.
We use the contribution data for the Detailed Earnings
Record for 1995 because this year corresponds with the re
spondent information provided in the 1993 s ip p topical m od
ule. These data were matched to the SIPP data based on the
Social Security number of the SIPP participants.11 Roughly 10
percent of the s ip p respondents did not agree to allow their
data to be matched based on their Social Security number. As
a result, those respondents were eliminated from the sample.
Correction o f the data. An important issue in measuring pen
sion participation is the accuracy of responses, and the steps
taken by researchers to correct response errors. We use both
information contained in the Detailed Earnings Record and
within the SIPP questionnaire itself to improve the s ip p data’s
accuracy in the topical module.
The first place we encounter this issue is in selecting the
sample of non-self-employed workers. In verifying whether
or not a worker was self-employed, we found that for nearly all
workers who had a defined contribution plan and were selfemployed, the Detailed Earnings Record indicated that they
also had wage-and-salary income. Thus, because we are ana
lyzing the pension participation of employees, workers who
indicated they were self-employed and for whom the Detailed
Earnings Record indicated they had no wage-and-salary in
come were excluded.
We also use information about the structure of defined
benefit and defined contribution plans, as well as conflicting
responses to plan-type questions in the SIPP, to re-classify
some worker plan types from defined benefit to defined con
tribution. One study suggests that participants have diffi
culty accurately making the distinction between the two types
of plans,12 and this is borne out in this sipp survey as well. In
the first section of the questionnaire, 347 workers responded
that they had a “formula type” (defined benefit) plan to which
they made a contribution. In the second section of the ques
tionnaire, however, they said this plan was a 401 (k) plan, and
that it was the same plan mentioned in the first section. We
chose to code these respondents as having a 401(k) plan and
use the contribution information from the first section (as pre
viously mentioned, contribution information for employees in
the second section is missing). We made the choice to code
them as 401 (k) plans, as employee contributions to privatesector defined benefit plans in the United States are rare.13
The results. Defined contribution participation rates are cal
culated based on different definitions of participation and dif
ferent assumptions regarding the data (see table 1). Because
we use four different sets of assumptions regarding the data,
four different calculations are provided for each definition.
Six steps are involved in the calculation of each measure of
active participation. In the first step (row a of table 1), the
worker is asked whether he or she is participating in a plan,
thus providing a base-line traditional measure of defined con
tribution participation (sipp definition). The second step (row
b) determines how many workers who answered “yes” to the
participation question are not contributing to the plan. The
third step (row c ), for purposes of comparability with studies
using other definitions of participation, calculates participa
tion using the definition that the worker contributed to the
plan (worker contribution definition). In the fourth step (row
d), we determine for workers who have answered “yes” to the
participation question how many work for employers who are
not contributing to the plan. In the fifth step (row e), we
determine how many workers who answered “yes” are in plans
where neither they nor the employer is contributing. In the
sixth step (row f), we subtract row e from row a to determine
how many workers answered “yes” to the question of partici
pation and also report a contribution to their plan made either
by themselves or their employer. This rate reflects participa
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
tion using the accrual definition of participation. We follow
each of these six steps for each of the four sets of assump
tions concerning the data.
Each column of table 1 corresponds to a set of assump
tions concerning the data. In column 1, we use the sipp data
alone. Because the sipp did not ask all workers in a pension
plan whether they contributed to the plan, only 2,405 (55 per
cent) of workers who answered the participation question are
included in column 1. For this sample, 19.7 percent of workers
said they participated in a defined contribution plan; 15.3 per
cent participated and made a contribution; and 19.4 percent of
workers indicated they participated and that either they or
their employer contributed to the plan. These figures consid
erably understate participation in 401 (k) plans because the
sample eliminates respondents with only 401(k) plans who
were not asked whether they contributed. The participation
rates shown in column 1 are provided only to highlight the
limitations of the 1993 sipp when used alone for this type of
analysis. These rates should not be compared to participa
tion rates in other studies.
In the second column, the sipp data is supplemented with
Detailed Earnings Record data provided by employers on the
defined contributions of workers. With the Detailed Earnings
Record data providing contribution information for workers
not asked in the sipp survey whether they contributed, the
sample of workers participating in a defined contribution
plan— and for whom we have contribution data—jumps from
2,405 to 4,320. The participation rate for defined contribution
plans based on an answer of “yes” is now 30.0 percent, which
is the same for the remaining two columns. Because roughly
8 percent of workers who said they participated did not make
a contribution, the participation rate using the worker contri
bution definition is 21.9 percent. The participation rate based
on the accrual definition is higher, at 28.8 percent, because
most of those workers who did not contribute themselves had
a contribution made on their behalf by their employer.
A fundamental issue in working with household data sets
is the accuracy of the responses that individuals themselves
provide. While in the first two columns we accept the worker’s
response as to whether he or she contributed as being accu
rate, in the third and fourth columns we change the sipp data
if evidence suggests otherwise.
Thus, in column 3 we replace the sipp data with data from
the Detailed Earnings Record if a comparison of the two re
veals a discrepancy as to whether the worker made a contri
bution in that year. A total of 575 respondents in the sipp
said they contributed to their defined contribution plan when
the Detailed Earnings Record indicated that they had not
contributed— an error rate of 31 percent.14 Making these
changes in the data increases the percentage of workers who
said they participated but did not contribute, as is reflected
in the “worker contribution” definition of participation that
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
39
Pension plan participation
Table 1.
Defined contribution pension participation of private wage and salary workers ages 25 and older in 1995
employee
data with
contribution data
Detailed Earnings Record changed to coincide
filling in missing
with Detailed Earnings
observations
Record data
(2)
(3)
s ip p
s ip p
Definition of participation
data
only
(1)
s ip p
a. Participated in at least one
defined contribution plan
according to answer of “yes”
(
definition)
Percent....................................
employer
contribution data
changed to zero
if employee
does not contribute
(4)
s ip p
s ip p
b. Workers participating in (a) who
are not contributing
Percent.................................
19.7
(13,697,371 /
69,520,124)
30.0
(24,391,142/
80,213,895)
30.0
(24,391,142/
80,213,895)
30.0
(24,391,142/
80,213,895)
4.3
(2,967,286 /
69,520,124)
8.1
(6,492,468 /
80,213,895)
11.3
(9,091,622/
80,213,895)
11.3
(9,091,622/
80,213,895)
c. (a )-(b ) Worker contribution definition
Percent.......................................
d. Workers participating in (a) and their
employer is not contributing
Percent.......................................
15.3
1.7
(1,202,495 /
69,520,124)
4.1
(3,259,358 /
80,213,895)
0.3
(200,987/
69,520,124)
(942,861 /
80,213,895)
e. Workers participating in (a) who are
not contributing to their plan and
their employer is not contributing
Percent.......................................
f. (a) - (e) A c c r u a l definition
Percent..................................
19.4
N ote : Authors’ tabulations based on the wave 9 topical module of the
1993 sipp panel are matched to Detailed Earnings Records from the Social
Security Administration. Numbers are weighted to reflect the respective
populations as of October 1995-January 1996, when the topical module
was fielded.
dropped to 18.7 percent. Again, because the majority of work
ers (498 out o f 575 workers, or 87 percent) who did not con
tribute said they participated and had employer contributions
made on their behalf, the participation rate using the accrual
definition is only slightly lower than the s ip p definition at
28.3 percent.
A 31-percent discrepancy rate between worker responses
in the s ip p and data on the Detailed Earnings Record is quite
large. One pressing question is why these discrepancies ex
ist. Because it has been shown in other studies that employee
knowledge on detailed pension characteristics is quite lim
ited,15 the differences could be due to lack of knowledge and
40
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
21.9
August 2003
1 .2
28.8
18.7
(3,259,358 /
80,213,895)
9.8
(7,835,954 /
80,213,895)
1.7
(1,362,746 /
80,213,895)
7.4
(5,939,342 /
80,213,895)
22.6
The sample for column 1 includes 12,021 private wage and salary workers, ages
25 and older, who answered the question on whether their employer offered a
pension plan. Of these workers, 2,405 responded that they had at least one defined
contribution plan. The sample for columns 2-4 includes 13,959 private salary and
wage workers, with 4,320 individuals having at least one defined contribution plan.
inaccurate reporting by the worker in the s ip p . Another pos
sibility is that family members who served as proxy respon
dents for the survey did not have accurate information.16 A
third possibility is that some of these workers made nontaxdeductible contributions to their defined contribution plans,
but the Detailed Earnings Record only reports tax-deductible
contributions. Although this last explanation is possible, it is
not probable. Discussions with experts in the field of pension
design concluded that because it costs the employer very
little to add the tax-deferred feature to the employee contribu
tion, it is likely that most employee contributions would be
tax-deferred if they were offered in the first place.17
The issue o f s ip p respondent accuracy regarding employee
contributions leads us to question the same regarding em
ployer contributions. Because the Detailed Earnings Record
does not contain information on employer contributions, we
are unable to cross-check this information provided by the
s ip p respondent as we did with employee contributions. This
situation raises the question of what standard should be used
for accepting the validity of data provided by a respondent
concerning employer contributions, knowing the high rate of
errors in their own contributions. One standard would be to
accept the data provided unless there is direct evidence to the
contrary. That is the standard we applied in column 3. A more
judgmental standard would be to accept the data provided by
a respondent unless there is a compelling reason to doubt it.
Using the later standard, and lacking direct evidence as to
whether the employer had contributed, we searched for indi
rect evidence shedding light on the reliability of the workers’
responses regarding their em ployer’s contribution. Discus
sion with experts in the field yielded the consensus that for
401 (k) plans— especially for this time period— if the worker
did not contribute, the employer also did not contribute.18
There may be some plans where the employer makes a small
contribution for all employees to avoid problems arising from
nondiscrim ination rules concerning the contributions of
highly-paid employees versus those of middle- and lowerpaid employees. We have not been able to find data on the
prevalence of this practice, but from conferring with practitio
ners as well as other researchers in the area, the impression is
that such practice is uncommon. However, for non-401(k)
defined contribution plans, it is common for the employer to
contribute even if the employee does not.
Hence, we further examine the s ip p responses regarding
employer contributions for those workers with 401 (k) plans.
In the column 3 sample, we changed the s ip p response on
employee contributions to correspond with the Detailed Earn
ings Record data. In column 4, we amend this sample further
for those workers who claim they have a 401 (k) plan and
make em ployee contributions— even though the Detailed
Earnings Record shows that no employee contribution was
made. Because 401 (k) plans usually require an employee
contribution before an employer match is given, there prob
ably was no employer contribution if indeed an employee
contribution was not made first. Hence, we change those
responses from employer contributed to employer did not
contribute. We made no such adjustment for non-401(k)
defined contribution plans.
The result of this adjustment can most readily be seen in
the drop in the participation rate in row / —from 30 percent
using the s ip p definition to 2 2 .6 percent when defining par
ticipation using the accrual method. If we accept the assump
tions made in column 4, then there is a substantial difference
in the participation rate using the accrual definition.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1996—data for 1998. We also examined data from the
1996 panel, which was released by the U.S. Census Bu
reau in February 2002. This s ip p dataset is the most recent
and detailed data available on pension and retirement plan
type for a large, representative sample of the U.S. population.
Again, we use data from the Retirement and Pension Plan
Coverage topical module, which was fielded in April-July 1998.
In this data set, as in the previous one, we use the
participant’s identification of his or her pension plan as a de
fined benefit or defined contribution plan. We also make ad
justments to what workers report as defined contribution cov
erage when subsequent questions yield responses that are
inconsistent. Unlike the 1993 questionnaire, the 1996 ques
tionnaire includes contribution information for all individuals
who stated they had only a 401 (k) plan.
Table 2 reports participation rates using the different defi
nitions of participation described earlier. Using the s ip p defi
nition of participation, we find that 35.7 percent of privates ip p
s ip p
Table 2.
Defined contribution pension participation of
private wage and salary workers ages 25
and older in 1998
Definition of participation
a. Participate in at least one
defined contribution plan
according to answer of
“yes” (
definition)
Percent.............................
Participation rate
s ip p
35.7
(28,766,808/
80,393,035)
b. Workers participating
in (a) w h o are not
contributing.
Percent.............................
c. (a) - (b) Worker contribution
definition
Percent.............................
d. Workers participating in
(a) and their employer
is not contributing
Percent.............................
e. Workers participating in (a)
who are not contributing to
their plan and their employer
is not contributing
Percent.............................
f. (a) -
definition
Percent.............................
9.1
(7,348,021 /
80,393,035)
26.6
6.9
(5,570,028 /
80,393,035)
3.1
(2,486,040/
80,393,035)
(e ) A c c r u a l
32.6
N ote : Authors’ tabulations based on the wave 7 topical module of the
1996 s i p p . Numbers are weighted to reflect the respective populations as
of April—July 1998, when the topical module was fielded.
The sample includes 22,603 private wage and salary workers, ages 25
and older, who answered the question on whether their employer offered
a pension plan.
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
41
Pension plan participation
sector wage-and-salary workers age 25 and older participated
in a defined contribution plan. This percentage drops to 26.6
percent using the worker-contribution definition, and then
rises back to 32.6 percent using the accrual definition of par
ticipation. These numbers do not correct for respondent er
rors concerning their own contribution and that of their em
ployer. Thus, they are most closely comparable to the 1995
numbers in column 2 of table 1.19 Regardless of the definition
of participation used, the participation rate for the 1998 data
are higher than for the 1995 data, reflecting the growth in
401 (k) plans over the period.
W hen compared with the Sipp-Detailed Earnings Record
1995 data (column 2), the participation rate in defined contri
bution plans in 1998 appears to have increased by almost 6
percentage points. Even after subtracting the number of work
ers and employers who did not contribute in such retirement
plans, the participation rate net of noncontributors increased
3.8 percentage points since 1995. There is also a 1-percentage
point increase in the number of employees not contributing,
and a 3-percentage point increase in employers not contribut
ing. The t-test (not shown here) confirms that the difference
in the overall participation rate is statistically significant.
D efining participation in different ways can lead to sub
stantial differences in defined contribution participation
rates. This article argues that the current system of classi
fying workers as covered and participating should be ex
panded to incorporate a third concept, which is an active
pension benefit accrual deriving from current work. Work
ers not contributing to a defined contribution plan, and
for whom their em ployer m ade no contribution in a year,
w ould not be considered as actively participating under
the requirem ent of benefit accrual associated with work.
The definition proposed here w ould not be difficult to
im plem ent in pension statistics if questionnaires were ap
propriately worded. Still, however, serious problem s may
rem ain concerning the accuracy of em ployee responses to
questions about pension contributions. E m ployee re
sponses to detailed pension questions can often be inac
curate, and this should be kept in m ind when interpreting
household survey pension data. Evidence from the s ip p
and Detailed Earnings Record data suggest that traditional
m easures of participation in defined contribution plans
may substantially overstate the num ber of w orkers who
are actively accruing benefits in those plans.
□
Notes
A c k now ledgm ent : The opinions expressed here are solely the re
sponsibility of the authors and do not represent the position of aarp
or of the Social Security Administration. We have received valuable
comments from Daniel Beller, Jules Lichtenstein, Pamela Perun,
William Wiatrowski, Joseph Meisenheimer, as well as participants at
a U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics seminar, a U.S. Social Security Ad
ministration seminar, and the U.S. Gerontological Society meetings
in November 2002.
1 National Compensation Survey: Employee Benefits in Private In
dustry in the United States, 2000 (U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics, and the United States Government Printing Office,
2002 ) .
2 These statistics are from the Form 5500 data that employers—
with pension plans having more than one participant—are required to
file annually with the Internal Revenue Service and the Department of
Labor. Generally, plans with one participant and less than $100,000 in
assets are not required to file. See Private Pension Plan Bulletin:
Abstract o f 1998, Form 5500 Annual Reports (U.S. Department of
Labor, Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration, Winter 20012002 ) .
3 Leslie E. Papke, “Participation in and Contributions to 401(k)
Pension Plans: Evidence from Plan Data,” Journal o f Human Re
sources, Vol. 30, No. 2, Spring 1995, pp. 311-25.
4 Craig Copeland, “Pension Participation: February 2001,” ebri
Notes, Vol. 22, December 2001, pp. 1-5; Craig Copeland, “Pen
sion Plan Participation Continued to Rise in 2000-W hat Next?”
ebri Notes, Vol. 23, March 2002, pp. 4-7. The CPS has been used
in several studies of 401(k) participation. See, for example, Emily
S. Andrews, “The Growth and Distribution of 401 (k) Plans,” in
John A. Turner and Daniel J. Beller, eds., Trends in Pensions (Wash
ington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Pension and Welfare Ben
efits Administration, 1992), pp. 149-176 and “Salary Reduction
Plans and Individual Saving for Retirement,” Employee Benefits
42
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
Research Institute Brief, No. 155, (Employee Benefits Research
Institute, 1994).
5 Andrea L. Kusko, James M. Poterba, and David M. Wilcox, “Em
ployee Decisions With Respect to 401 (k) Plans,” in Living with De
fined Contribution Pensions, Olivia S. Mitchell and Sylvester J. Schieber,
eds. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998).
6 Robert L. Clark and Sylvester J. Schieber, “Factors Affecting Par
ticipation Rates and Contribution Levels in 401 (k) Plans,” in Olivia
Mitchell and Sylvester Schieber, eds., Living with Defined Contribution
Plans (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998).
7 The 1993 sipp does not provide information on defined contribu
tion plan eligibility or account balances for all workers—it only reports
whether the employer offers a plan, whether the worker says he par
ticipates in the plan, and whether the worker makes a contribution.
8 See Hewitt Associates, “Trends and Experience in 401 (k) Plans2001,” on the Internet at http://was.hewitt.com/hewitt/resource/
rptspubs/subrptspubs/trends index.htm (visited Nov. 29, 2001);
and Sarah Holden and Jack VanDerhei, “401(k) Asset Allocation, Ac
count Balances, and Loan Activity in 2000,” ebri Issue Brief, No. 239,
November 2001.
9 Marjorie Honig and Irena Dushi, “The Changing Mix of Benefits
over the Life Cycle.” Paper presented at the Pension Research Council
Symposium on Benefits for the Workplace of Tomorrow, The Wharton
School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, April 30, 2001.
10 sipp respondents are grouped in four, mutually exclusive “rotation
groups” for interviewing purposes. Each rotation group is interviewed
in a different month, in successive four-month periods.
11 The Detailed Earnings Record is a data set maintained by the
Social Security Administration. The data is available on a restricted
basis to researchers with prior approval from the Census Bureau and the
Social Security Administration. Leslie Muller, an economist with the
Social Security Administration, processed the restricted data used in this
analysis.
12 In the Health and Retirement Survey, respondents for whom their
pension data could be linked to employer information correctly identi
fied their plan as being either a defined contribution or defined benefit
plan only half of the time. See Alan L. Gustman and Thomas L.
Steinmeier, “The Influence of Pensions on Behavior: How Much Do
We Really Know,” Research Dialogue, Vol. 71 ( tiaa _ cref Institute,
2002 ) .
13 Only 5 percent of full-time workers in private industry made a
defined benefit contribution in 2000 (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics,
2002 ).
14 Because the Detailed Earnings Record data provide information
on multiple jobs per worker, we are careful to match the income and
contribution data from the Detailed Earnings Record with those for the
appropriate job for the worker indicated from the sipp .
they made a contribution—and the Detailed Earnings Record con
curred—were proxy respondents.
17 One exception would be plans specifically designed for highlycompensated employees. Nondiscrimination rules can make it difficult
for employers to offer tax-qualified plans to high earners, so plans that
allow only nontax-deferred employee contributions are often offered
to this group of employees. To see whether our sample of 575 workers
had higher earnings than those workers who said they contributed and
for which the Detailed Earnings Record also showed a contribution, we
tabulated the median 1995 Detailed Earnings Record earnings for both
groups. The results show that in fact the group with the inconsistencies
had lower median earnings than those whose sipp and Detailed Earnings
Record data both said they made contributions, with median earnings of
$18,216 versus $32,909 (in 1996 dollars).
15 See, for example, Alan L. Gustman and Thomas L. Steinmeier,
“The Influence of Pensions on Behavior...”; and Martha Starr-McCluer
and Annika Sundén, “Workers’ Knowledge of their Pension Coverage:
A Réévaluation,” Federal Reserve Board of Governors Discussion Paper
99/05, 1999.
18 Employee contributions to a pension plan are only tax deductible
for 401(k) plans or plans with a 401(k) feature. For this reason,
employee contributions to non-401(k) defined contribution plans are
uncommon. If an employer wishes to permit employee contributions,
the employer could add a 401(k) feature to the plan so that the em
ployees could make their contributions on a tax-deferred basis. For this
reason, the contributions to non-401(k) plans are made predominantly
by employers.
16 Fifty percent of the respondents who said they made a contribu
tion—but the Detailed Earnings Record showed they did not—were
proxy respondents. Thirty-seven percent of respondents who said
19 These numbers are not comparable to column 1 of table 1, as
nearly half of the 1995 original sample had to be dropped because the
sipp did not contain employee contribution information.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
43
Precis
Theory and new measures
The m acroeconom ic textbooks have
changed over time. The concept of a
“n atu ral” rate o f unem ploym ent has
become more broadly accepted, while,
at the same tim e, the notion that the
natural rate is a constant has become
less so. According to Robert E. H all’s
conference paper in the May issue of
American Economic Review , tod ay ’s
macroeconomists tend to see the natural
rate o f unemployment as “anything but
stable.”
Hall then outlines today’s textbook
(D av id R o m e r’s A dvanced M acro
economics) theory of the determinants
o f the n a tu ra l ra te . In th a t m o d el,
according to Hall, “ ...th e unem ploy ment/vacancy ratio, x, is an increasing
function of the turnover rate, s, and the
interest rate, r. Increases in these factors
reduce the benefit of employment and
cause substitution away from vacancies
and tow ard unem ploym ent. The unemployment/vacancy ratio is a decreas
ing fu n c tio n o f the o u tp u t/[c a p ita l
equipment] rental ratio, z. A higher value
o f the ratio increases the benefit o f
employment and results in substitution
toward vacancies and away from un
employment.” In turn, the unem ploy
ment rate is determined by the separation
rate and the job-m atching, or hiring,
rate.
After making a standard assumption
about the form o f the job m atching
function, H all outlines the im pact of
exog en o u s ch an g es in the m o d e l’s
fundamentals. Raising the separation rate
is term ed a “reallocation shock.” O f
course, the unemployment rate goes up
as a result, but so does the vacancy rate
as employers try harder to fill their payrolls
from the larger stock of available workers.
In contrast, an increase in the output-to-
44 Monthly Labor Review August
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2003
capital rent ratio yields a straight increase
in the demand for labor—unemployment
goes down and vacancies go up.
R eallocation shocks thus actually
move the Beveridge curve (an inverse
relationship betw een unem ploym ent
and vacancies), while demand shocks
move the labor market along the existing
Beveridge curve. Hall uses data from the
bls Job Openings and Labor Turnover
Survey (jolts) to test the model against
labor force developments in 2001 and
2002. During the period under study, the
unemployment rate rose 1.3 percentage
points and the vacancy rate fell 0.7
percentage point. This corresponded very
closely with what the model would predict
for a movement along the Beveridge curve.
However, the model would also predict a
precipitate decline in labor productivity—
a prediction that was not bom out in the
data. Thus, Hall says that it is “premature”
to declare the search for a theory of
unemployment that fits all the data of the
actual labor market.
Vacations and work hours
The U nited States does not m andate
v acatio n and h o lid ay s. In co n trast,
according to Joseph G. A lto n ji and
Jennifer Oldham , in an article appear
ing in the F ederal R eserve Bank of
C hicago Economic Perspectives, re
port that m ost European nations m an
date some minimum paid vacation time
and that mandate is as high as 5 weeks
in some cases.
It’s not that Americans don’t get any
tim e off; indeed, the b ls Em ployee
Benefits Survey shows that about 4 out of
5 A m erican w orkers have access to
vacations and holidays. In the 1930s,
1940s, and into the 1950s, it seems,
Americans and Europeans took roughly
similar amounts of paid vacation. In the
following decades, however, continental
countries raised their mandated vacation
minimums by an average of a week per
decade, while the United States (and the
U nited Kingdom ) continued to leave
vacation time to private negotiations.
Altonji and Oldham perform a standard
regression analysis of the impact of an
additional week of mandated vacation on
the average annual hours of workers in
the United States and nine European coun
tries (including the United Kingdom).
According to their results, once countryand year-specific effects are taken into
account, an extra week of m andated
vacation is associated with roughly a 52hour reduction in annual work tim e.
“This,” say Altonji and Oldham, “sug
gests that the laws have bite, and that
workers do not respond to them by work
ing more hours per week or by holding
additional jobs.”
The structure of the model used by
Altonji and Oldham permits them to tell
how many hours workers in individual
countries would work relative to workers
in the United States if there were no
legislated vacation minimums. In Spain
and Finland, workers would actually
w ork quite a few m ore h o urs than
Americans if there were not mandated
vacations. On the other hand, workers
in G erm any, Italy, the N etherlands,
N orw ay, S w ed en , and th e U n ite d
Kingdom would work fewer hours if
there were no vacation mandates.
The case of the United Kingdom is
somewhat curious. As noted before, the
United Kingdom is another country that
leaves vacation policy up to private
negotiations. Ajtonji and Oldham spe
culate that the powerful role of labor
unions in the British economy through
much of the post-World War II era may
account for at least some part of this
apparent anomaly.
rn
Book Reviews
Sweatshop factory warriors
Sweatshop Warriors: Immigrant Wom
en Workers Take on the Global Fac
tory. By M iriam Ching Yoon Louie.
Cam bridge, m a , South End Press,
2001,256 pp., $40/cloth; $18/paper.
In her work, Sweatshop Warriors: Im
migrant Women Workers Take on the
Global Factory, M iriam Ching Yoon
Louie addresses the sweatshop indus
try as it presently exists in the United
States, particularly in the garment indus
try. The true focus and motivation for
the book, however, is the activism that
has developed in reaction to this grow
ing industry. In her discussions of
sweatshops, Louie briefly details the
evolution of sweatshops in the early
20th century, but centers on their recent
growth and on the increased reliance on
subcontractors by large clothing com
panies that has occurred concurrently
with globalization. “The subcontract
ing sy ste m ,” she ex p lain s, “ allow s
manufacturers and retailers to slash the
cost of labor and facilities, and— since
subcontractors, not manufacturers, are
legally responsible for any labor law vio
lations in their shops— leave subcon
tractors with the burden of ensuring de
cent working conditions.” These smaller
subcontractors are, most likely, not un
der the same degree of legal scrutiny as
the larger manufactures, creating an in
dustry in which sweatshops have been
able to thrive.
The book alternates between an ana
lytical and a testimonial style, interspers
ing commentary with first-person narra
tives drawn from the extensive inter
views that preceded the work. Several
of the women interviewed were involved
in legislative action against manufactur
ers such as D onna K aran New York
( d k n y ) and Jessica McClintock for the
hazard o u s sw eatshop conditio n s in
which their merchandise is produced.
The h arro w in g w orking conditio n s
faced by these women are described in
the testimonial segments of the work.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
For example, Bo Yee, an immigrant from
Hong Kong describes her experience as
being “a prisoner in a sealed cage. All
the w in d o w s w ere lo ck ed . T hey
wouldn’t let you go to the bathroom.
They had ‘No Loud T alking’ signs
posted. There were about 20 of us there
working ten hours a day, seven days a
week.” Another worker, “Lisa,” reveals
that she and her fellow employees at a
subcontractor for Sears, Roebuck and
Co. w ould work “over one hundred
hours a week, for less than $2 an hour.”
In spite of this daunting and often
heart-wrenching subject matter, the tone
of the book is upbeat, as the author
chooses to emphasize the wom en’s ac
tivism in combating the sweatshop in
dustry pyramid. For example, Bo Yee,
one of the workers quoted above, is an
organ izer for the A sian Im m igrant
Women Advocates (AIWA). Yee, like
many of her fellow organizers chronicled
within the work, first went to AIWA with
her own personal employment difficul
ties, and only later became involved as
an organizer and leader. In this way,
Louie changes the traditional depiction
of sweatshop workers as victims, creat
ing a more nuanced vision in which
voice and agency are granted to a group
traditionally viewed as lacking these
characteristics. She makes this point
explicit in her introduction when she
states, “they are neither victims nor su
perwomen. These sweatshop warriors
are simply everyday women in our com
m unities who have much to tell and
teach.”
The work is easily accessible— even
to those with little former knowledge of
the sweatshop industry (such as this
reviewer)— a result of combining firstperson testimonials and an analysis that
avoids being pedantic or overbearing.
In her style, the author reflects the move
ment and organizations about which she
is writing, mimicking their grass-roots,
casual, open, and innovative qualities.
Louie focuses this study on the par
ticular experiences of Chinese, Koreans,
and M exicana women in the United
States. The work begins with a chapter
devoted to each of these three cultural
groups exploring the different chal
lenges faced by each. Incidentally,
these differences include geography—
for example, her studies of Chinese work
ers in the garment industry in New York’s
Chinatown and M exicana workers in
Texas. As a result of this geographic
diversity, the work encom passes the
majority of the country. These first chap
ters function to ground the later analy
sis in the first-person testimonials of
workers involved in the anti-sweatshop
movement. They also serve as an intro
duction to some of the local and grass
roots organizations that are later de
scribed in more detail. Additionally,
these organizations are often intimately
connected to the community they serve,
furthering the characterization of the
movement as intrinsically grassroots.
Although many of the women inter
viewed in the work are natives of their
respective countries, Louie also inter
viewed many who were U.S.-born or are
of the “ 1.5 generation” (those who came
to the United States in early childhood).
The diverse challenges faced by differ
ing generations are also discussed; for
example, she examines the way in which
1.5- and second-generation Americans
are often “thrust into the role of transla
tors and intermediaries between U.S. in
stitutions and their elders.” Louie ad
dresses the consequences of these gen
erational experiences and highlights the
ways in which they manifest themselves
in the focus and work of the organiza
tions and sw eatshop m ovem ent as a
whole. She describes this manifestation
as an organic, grassroots m ovem ent
changing and shifting in order to best
serve the workers. The book, in this way,
is as much a touching biography of a
movement as it is a depiction of the indi
viduals involved in it.
— Elizabeth Kelley
formerly with the
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
45
Book Reviews
Publications Received
Agriculture and natural resources
OECD Agricultural Outlook 2002-2007.
Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-op
eration and Development, 2002, 20 pp.,
softcover.
Economic and social statistics
Annual Statistical Supplement, 2002 to the
Social Security Bulletin. Washington, DC,
Social Security Administration, 2002,379
pp., softcover.
Grossman, Gene M. and Elhanan Helpman, Outsourcing Versus fdi in Industry
Equilibrium. Cambridge, ma , National
Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., 2002,
14 pp. (Working Paper 9300) $10 per
copy, plus $10 for postage and handling
outside the United States.
Economic growth
and development
Barros, Carlos Pestana, eds., Transatlantic
Sport: The Comparative Economics of
North American and European Sports.
Northampton, MA, Edward Elgar Publish
ing, Inc., 2003,240 pp., $85/hardback.
Freeman, Richard, ed., Inequality Around
the World. New York, Palgrave Mac
millan, 2002, 281 pp., $75/cloth.
Black, Sandra E. and Amir Sufi, Who Goes to
College? Differential Enrollment by Race
and Family Background. Cambridge, MA,
National Bureau of Economic Research,
Inc., 2002,43 pp. (Working Paper 9310)
$10 per copy, plus $10 for postage and
handling outside the United States.
Health and safety
International Labour Office, Children at
Work: Health and Safety Risks Second
Edition. Geneva, International Labour
Organization, 2002, 169 pp., $17.95/
softcover.
International Labour Office, hiv/aids and
the World of Work. Geneva, International
Labour Organization, 2002, 63 pp.,
$6.95/softcover.
Industrial relations
Gilbert, Douglas G, Brian W. Burkett, and
Moira K. McCaskill, Canadian Labour
and Employment Lawfor the U.S. Practi
tioner 2002 Supplement. Washington, DC,
bna Books (The Bureau of National Af
fairs, Inc.), 2002, 246 pp., $145/paperback; $285 with the main volume (780
pp., hardcover).
Osterman, Paul, Thomas A. Kochan, Rich
ard M. Locke, and Michael J. Piore, Work
ing in America: A Blueprint for the New
Labor Market. Cambridge, MA, The MIT
Press, 2002, 239 pp., $17.95/paperback.
Global Trends in the Dairy Industry: Out
look for the Baltics. Paris, Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Devel
opment, 2002, 185 pp., softcover.
Theriault, Reg, The Unmaking of the Amer
ican Working Class. New York, The New
Press, 2003, 211 pp., $24.95/hardcover.
Lipsey, Robert E. and Frederik Sjoholm,
Foreign Firms and Indonesian Manufac
turing Wages: An Analysis with Panel
Data. Cambridge, ma , National Bureau
of Economic Research, Inc., 2002,24 pp.
(Working Paper 9417) $ 10 per copy, plus
$ 10 for postage and handling outside the
United States.
Industry and government
organization
Education
Angrist, Joshua D. and Victor Lavy, The
Effect of High School Matriculation
Awards: Evidencefrom Randomized Tri
als. Cambridge, ma , National Bureau of
Economic Research, Inc., 2002, 38 pp.
(Working Paper 9389) $ 10 per copy, plus
$ 10 for postage and handling outside the
United States.
46
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Currie, Janet, Mehdi Farsi, and W. Bentley
MacLeod, Cut to the Bone? Hospital
Takeovers and Nurse Employment Con
tracts. Cambridge, ma , National Bureau
of Economic Research, Inc., 2002,34 pp.
(Working Paper 9428) $ 10 per copy, plus
$ 10 for postage and handling outside the
United States.
Daly, Mary, ed., Care Work: The Quest for
Security. Geneva, International Labour
Office, 2001, 261 pp., $19.95/softcover.
International economics
Regional Integration in Africa. Paris, Or
ganisation for Economic Co-operation
August 2003
and Development, 2002, 215 pp.,
softcover.
Labor force
A Future Without Child Labour: Global
Report Under the Follow-up to the ILO
Declaration on Fundamental Principles
and Rights at Work 2002. Geneva, Inter
national Labour Office, 2002, 138 pp.,
$12.95/softcover.
Autor, David H., John J. Donohue III, and
Stewart J. Schwab, The Costs of Wrong
ful-Discharge Laws. Cambridge, ma ,
National Bureau of Economic Research,
Inc., 2002,57 pp. (Working Paper 9425)
$10 per copy, plus $10 for postage and
handling outside the United States.
Kletzer, Lori G., Imports, Exports, and
Jobs: What Does Trade Mean for Em
ployment and Job Loss? Kalamazoo, Ml,
W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment
Research, 2002,221 pp., $36/cloth; $16/
paperback.
Moretti, Enrico, Human Capital Spillovers
in Manufacturing: Evidence from PlantLevel Production Functions. Cambridge,
ma , National Bureau of Economic Re
search, Inc., 2002, 48 pp. (Working Pa
per 9316) $10 per copy, plus $10 for
postage and handling outside the United
States.
Labor organizations
Blanchflower, David G and Alex Bryson,
Changes Over Time in Union Relative
Wage Effects in the U.K. and the U.S. Re
visited. Cambridge, ma , National Bureau
of Economic Research, Inc., 2002,65 pp.
(Working Paper 9395) $ 10 per copy, plus
$ 10 for postage and handling outside the
United States.
Brisbin Jr., Richard A., A Strike Like No
Other Strike: Law and Resistance during
the Pittston Coal Strike of 1989-1990.
Baltimore, md , The Johns Hopkins Uni
versity Press, 2002,350 pp., $44.95/hardcover.
Managem ent and organization
theory
Doeringer, Peter B., Christine EvansKlock, and David G Terkla, Start-up Fac
tories: High-Performance Management,
Job Quality, and Regional Advantage.
New York, Oxford University Press,
2002,273 pp., $49.95/hardcover; $24.95/
softcover.
Grossman, Gene M. and Elhanan Helpman, Managerial Incentives and the In
ternational Organization of Production.
Cambridge, ma , National Bureau of Eco
nomic Research, Inc., 2002,42 pp. (Work
ing Paper 9403) $10 per copy, plus $10
for postage and handling outside the
United States.
International Labour Office, Managing
Disability in the Workplace: An ILO Code
of Practice. Geneva, International Labour
Organization, 2002, 41 pp., $6.95/
softcover.
Monetary and fiscal policy
Blasi, Joseph, Douglas Kruse, and Aaron
Bernstein, In the Company of Owners:
The Truth about Stock Options. New
York, Basic Books, 2003,345 pp., $27.50/
cloth.
Gustman, Alan L. and Thomas L. Steinmeier, Retirement and the Stock Market
Bubble. Cambridge, ma , National Bureau
of Economic Research, Inc., 2002,43 pp.
(Working Paper 9404) $ 10 per copy, plus
$ 10 for postage and handling outside the
United States.
Prices and living conditions
Ariga, Kenn and Kenji Matsui, Mismeasurement of the CPI. Cambridge, ma , Na
tional Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.,
2003, 60 pp. (Working Paper 9436) $10
per copy, plus $ 10 for postage and han
dling outside the United States.
Productivity and technological
change
Arora, Ashish, Marco Ceccagnoli, and
Wesley M. Cohen, R&D and the Patent
Premium. Cambridge, ma , National Bu
reau of Economic Research, Inc., 2003,
58 pp. (Working Paper 9431) $10 per
copy, plus $10 for postage and handling
outside the United States.
Lemer, Josh and Jean Tirole, The Scope of
Open Source Licensing. Cambridge, MA,
National Bureau of Economic Research,
Inc., 2002,52 pp. (Working Paper 9363)
$10 per copy, plus $10 for postage and
handling outside the United States.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Lichtenberg, Frank R. and Suchin Virabhak,
Pharmaceutical Embodied Technical
Progress, Longevity, and Quality of Life:
Drugs as “Equipment for Your Health.”
Cambridge, ma , National Bureau of Eco
nomic Research, Inc., 2002,44 pp. (Work
ing Paper 9351) $10 per copy, plus $10
for postage and handling outside the
United States.
Social institutions and
social change
Costello, Cynthia B., Vanessa R. Wight,
and Anne J. Stone, eds., The American
Woman 2003-2004: Daughters of a
Revolution—Young Women Today. New
York, Women’s Research and Education
Institute/Palgrave Macmillan, 2002,413
pp., $24.95/paperback.
Levitt, Steven D., Testing Theories of Dis
crimination: Evidencefrom Weakest Link.
Cambridge, MA, National Bureau of Eco
nomic Research, Inc., 2003,30 pp. (Work
ing Paper 9449) $10 per copy, plus $10
for postage and handling outside the
United States.
Wages and compensation
Borjas, George J., The Wage Structure and
the Sorting of Workers Into the Public
Sector. Cambridge, ma, National Bureau
of Economic Research, Inc., 2002,45 pp.
(Working Paper 9313) $ 10 per copy, plus
$ 10 for postage and handling outside the
United States.
Edwards, Huw T. and John Whalley, Short
and Long Run Decompositions o f OECD
Wage Inequality Changes. Cambridge, MA,
National Bureau of Economic Research,
Inc., 2002, 36 pp. (Working Paper 9265)
$10 per copy, plus $10 for postage and
handling outside the United States.
Krueger, Dirk and Fabrizio Perri, Does In
come Inequality Lead to Consumption
Inequality? Evidence and Theory. Cam
bridge, ma, National Bureau of Economic
Research, Inc., 2002, 44 pp. (Working
Paper 9202) $10 per copy, plus $10 for
postage and handling outside the United
States.
Levine, David I., Frank W. Neuhauser,
Richard Reuben, Jeffrey S. Petersen, and
Cristian Echeverria, Carve-Outs in Work
ers’ Compensation. Kalamazoo, Ml, W.E.
Upjohn Institute for Employment Re
search, 2002, 181 pp., $35/cloth; $18/
paperback.
Mitchell, Olivia S. and Stephen P. Utkus,
The Role of Company Stock in Defined
Contribution Plans. Cambridge, ma , Na
tional Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.,
2002, 52 pp. (Working Paper 9250) $10
per copy, plus $ 10 for postage and
handling outside the United States.
Stephens Jr., Melvin, Paycheck Receipt and
the Timing of Consumption. Cambridge,
ma , National Bureau of Economic Re
search, Inc., 2002, 30 pp. (Working Pa
per 9356) $10 per copy, plus $10 for
postage and handling outside the United
States.
Welfare programs and
social insurance
Ascoli, Ugo and Costanzo Ranci, eds., Di
lemmas of the Welfare Mix: The New
Structure of Welfare in an Era of
Privatization. New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2002,264 pp.,
$79.50/hardcover.
Blau, Francine D., Lawrence M. Kahn, and
Jane Waldfogel, The Impact of Welfare
Benefits on Single Motherhood and
Headship of Young Women: Evidencefrom
the Census. Cambridge, MA, National
Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., 2002,
35 pp. (Working Paper 9338) $10 per
copy, plus $10 for postage and handling
outside the United States.
Borjas, George J., Food Insecurity and
Public Assistance. Cambridge, ma , Na
tional Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.,
2002, 36 pp. (Working Paper 9236) $10
per copy, plus $ 10 for postage and han
dling outside the United States.
Gruber, Jonathan and David A. Wise, So
cial Security Programs and Retirement
Around the World: Micro Estimation.
Cambridge, ma , National Bureau of Eco
nomic Research, Inc., 2002,52 pp. (Work
ing Paper 9407) $10 per copy, plus $10
for postage and handling outside the
United States.
Moffitt, Robert, Welfare Programs and
Labor Supply. Cambridge, MA, National
Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., 2002,
61 pp. (Working Paper 9168) $10 per
copy, plus $10 for postage and handling
outside the United States.
Sarfati, Hedva and Giuliano Bonoli, eds.,
Labour Market and Social Protection
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
47
Book Reviews
Reforms in International Perspective.
Burlington, vt , Ashgate Publishing Com
pany, 2002, 494 pp., $39.95/softcover.
Worker training and
development
Ashton, David N. and Johnny Sung, Sup
porting Workplace Learning for High
Performance Working. Geneva, Intema-
tional Labour Office, 2002, 182 pp.,
$18.95/softcover.
Eberts, Randall W., Christopher J. O’Leary,
and Stephen A. Wandner, Targeting Em
ployment Services. Kalamazoo, Ml, W.E.
Upjohn Institute for Employment Re
search, 2002, 425 pp., $40/cloth; $23/
paper.
Williams, Mary Beth and John F. Sommer
Jr., eds., Simple and Complex Post-Trau
matic Stress Disorder: Strategies for
Comprehensive Treatment in Clinical
Practice. New York, The Haworth Press,
Inc., 2002, 408 pp., softcover.
Winegar, Norman, Employee Assistance
Programs in Managed Care. New York,
The Haworth Press, Inc., 2002, 168 pp.,
$49.95/hardcover; $24.95/softcover.
Where are you publishing your research?
The Monthly Labor Review will consider for publication studies of the labor force,
labor-management relations, business conditions, industry productivity, compen
sation, occupational safety and health, demographic trends, and other economic
developments. Papers should be factual and analytical, not polemical in tone.
We prefer (but do not require) submission in the form of an electronic file in
M icrosoft Word, either on a diskette or as an attachment to e-mail. Please use
separate files for the text of the article; the tables; and charts. We also accept hard
copies of manuscripts.
Potential articles should be mailed to: Editor-in-Chief, Monthly Labor Review ,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212, or by e-mail tomlr@ bls.gov
48
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
Current Labor Statistics
■
Notes on labor statistics
50
Labor compensation and collective
bargaining data—continued
Comparative indicators
1. Labor market indicators................................................... 62
2. Annual and quarterly percent changes in
compensation, prices, and productivity...................... 63
3. Alternative measures of wages and
compensation changes.................................................. 64
65
66
67
67
68
68
69
69
70
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
94
95
32. Consumer Price Index: U.S. city average, by expenditure
category and commodity and service groups...............
33. Consumer Price Index: U.S. city average and
local data, all items.......................................................
34. Annual data: Consumer Price Index, all items
and major groups..........................................................
35. Producer Price Indexes by stage of processing................
36. Producer Price Indexes for the net output of major
industry groups............................................................
37. Annual data: Producer Price Indexes
by stage of processing..................................................
38. U.S. export price indexes by Standard International
Trade Classification.....................................................
39. U.S. import price indexes by Standard International
Trade Classification.....................................................
40. U.S. export price indexes by end-use category................
41. U.S. import price indexes by end-use category...............
42. U.S.international price indexes for selected
categories of services....................................................
96
99
100
101
102
103
103
104
105
105
105
Productivity data
43. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation,
and unit costs, data seasonally adjusted......................
44. Annual indexes of multifactor productivity.....................
45. Annual indexes of productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices...................................................
46. Annual indexes of output per hour for selected
industries......................................................................
106
107
108
109
80
81
85
86
87
Labor compensation and collective
bargaining data
25. Employment Cost Index, compensation,
by occupation and industry group............................... 88
26. Employment Cost Index, wages and salaries,
by occupation and industry group............................... 90
27. Employment Cost Index, benefits, private industry....... 92
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
92
93
Price data
Labor force data
4. Employment status of the population,
seasonally adjusted......................................................
5. Selected employment indicators,
seasonally adjusted......................................................
6. Selected unemployment indicators,
seasonally adjusted......................................................
7. Duration of unemployment,
seasonally adjusted......................................................
8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment,
seasonally adjusted......................................................
9. Unemployment rates by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted......................................................
10. Unemployment rates by States,
seasonally adjusted......................................................
11. Employment of workers by States,
seasonally adjusted......................................................
12. Employment of workers by industry,
seasonally adjusted......................................................
13. Average weekly hours by industry,
seasonally adjusted......................................................
14. Average hourly earnings by industry,
seasonally adjusted.......................................................
15. Average hourly earnings by industry...............................
16. Average weekly earnings by industry..............................
17. Diffusion indexes of employment change,
seasonally adjusted......................................................
18. Establishment size and employment covered under ui,
private ownership, by naics supersector....................
19. Annual data establishment, employment, and wages,
covered under ui and ucfe, by ownership.............. ....
20. Annual data: Establishments, employment,
and wages covered under ui and ucfe, by State..........
21. Annual data: Employment and average annual pay of
ui- and uCFE-covered workers, by largest counties......
22. Annual data: Employment status of the population.......
23. Annual data: Employment levels by industry.................
24. Annual data: Average hours and earnings level,
by industry.................................................................
28. Employment Cost Index, private nonfarm workers,
by bargaining status, region, and area size ...................
29. Participants in benefit plans, medium and large firms.....
30. Participants in benefits plans, small firms
and government................................................................
31. Work stoppages involving 1,000 workers or more..........
International comparisons data
47. Unemployment rates in nine countries,
data seasonally adjusted............................................... 112
48. Annual data: Employment status of the civilian
working-age population, 10 countries.......................... 113
49. Annual indexes of productivity and related measures,
12 countries.................................................................. 114
Injury and illness data
50. Annual data: Occupational injury and illness
incidence rates.............................................................. 115
51. Fatal occupational injuries by event
or exposure....................................................................... 117
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
49
Notes on Current Labor Statistics
This section of the Review presents the prin
cipal statistical series collected and calcu
lated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics:
series on labor force; employment; unem
ployment; labor compensation; consumer,
producer, and international prices; produc
tivity; international comparisons; and injury
and illness statistics. In the notes that fol
low, the data in each group of tables are
briefly described; key definitions are given;
notes on the data are set forth; and sources
of additional information are cited.
General notes
The following notes apply to several tables
in this section:
Seasonal adjustment. Certain monthly
and quarterly data are adjusted to eliminate
the effect on the data of such factors as cli
matic conditions, industry production
schedules, opening and closing of schools,
holiday buying periods, and vacation prac
tices, which might prevent short-term evalu
ation of the statistical series. Tables con
taining data that have been adjusted are iden
tified as “seasonally adjusted.” (All other
data are not seasonally adjusted.) Seasonal
effects are estimated on the basis of current
and past experiences. When new seasonal
factors are computed each year, revisions
may affect seasonally adjusted data for sev
eral preceding years.
Seasonally adjusted data appear in tables
1-14, 16-17, 43, and 47. Seasonally ad
justed labor force data in tables 1 and 4-9
were revised in the March 2003 issue of the
Review. Seasonally adjusted establishment
survey data shown in tables 1, 12-14 and
16-17 were revised in the July 2003Review.
A brief explanation of the seasonal adjust
ment methodology appears in “Notes on the
data.”
Revisions in the productivity data in
table 49 are usually introduced in the Sep
tember issue. Seasonally adjusted indexes
and percent changes from month-to-month
and quarter-to-quarter are published for nu
merous Consumer and Producer Price Index
series. However, seasonally adjusted in
dexes are not published for the U.S. average
All-Items CPI. Only seasonally adjusted per
cent changes are available for this series.
Adjustments for price changes. Some
data—such as the “real” earnings shown in
table 14— are adjusted to eliminate the ef
fect of changes in price. These adjustments
are made by dividing current-dollar values
by the Consumer Price Index or the appro
priate component of the index, then multi
plying by 100. For example, given a current
hourly wage rate of $3 and a current price
50
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
index number of 150, where 1982 = 100, the
hourly rate expressed in 1982 dollars is $2
($3/150 x 100 = $2). The $2 (or any other
resulting values) are described as “real,”
“constant,” or “1982” dollars.
Sources of information
Data that supplement the tables in this sec
tion are published by the Bureau in a variety
of sources. Definitions of each series and
notes on the data are contained in later sec
tions of these Notes describing each set of
data. For detailed descriptions of each data
series, see b ls Handbook of Methods, Bul
letin 2490. Users also may wish to consult
Major Programs of the Bureau of Labor Sta
tistics, Report 919. News releases provide
the latest statistical information published
by the Bureau; the major recurring releases
are published according to the schedule ap
pearing on the back cover of this issue.
More information about labor force, em
ployment, and unemployment data and the
household and establishment surveys under
lying the data are available in the Bureau’s
monthly publication, Employment and
Earnings. Historical unadjusted and season
ally adjusted data from the household sur
vey are available on the Internet:
http ://www.bls.gov/cps/
Historically comparable unadjusted and sea
sonally adjusted data from the establishment
survey also are available on the Internet:
http ://www.bls.gov/ces/
Additional information on labor force data
for areas below the national level are pro
vided in the BLS annual report, Geographic
Profde of Employment and Unemployment.
For a comprehensive discussion of the
Employment Cost Index, see Employment
Cost Indexes and Levels, 1975-95, b l s Bul
letin 2466. The most recent data from the
Employee Benefits Survey appear in the fol
lowing Bureau of Labor Statistics bulletins:
Employee Benefits in Medium and Large
Firms; Employee Benefits in Small Private
Establishments; and Employee Benefits in
State and Local Governments.
More detailed data on consumer and pro
ducer prices are published in the monthly
periodicals, The c p i Detailed Report and
Producer Price Indexes. For an overview of
the 1998 revision of the C P I , see the Decem
ber 1996 issue of the Monthly Labor Re
view. Additional data on international prices
appear in monthly news releases.
Listings of industries for which produc
tivity indexes are available may be found on
the Internet:
http ://www.bls.gov/lpc/
For additional information on interna
August 2003
tional comparisons data, see International
Comparisons of Unemployment, BLS Bulle
tin 1979.
Detailed data on the occupational injury
and illness series are published in Occupa
tional Injuries and Illnesses in the United
States, by Industry, a BLS annual bulletin.
Finally, the Monthly Labor Review car
ries analytical articles on annual and longer
term developments in labor force, employ
ment, and unemployment; employee com
pensation and collective bargaining; prices;
productivity; international comparisons;
and injury and illness data.
Symbols
n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified,
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified.
p = preliminary. To increase the time
liness of some series, preliminary
figures are issued based on repre
sentative but incomplete returns,
r = revised. Generally, this revision
reflects the availability of later
data, but also may reflect other ad
justments.
C om parative Indicators
(Tables 1-3)
Comparative indicators tables provide an
overview and comparison of major b l s sta
tistical series. Consequently, although many
of the included series are available monthly,
all measures in these comparative tables are
presented quarterly and annually.
Labor market indicators include em
ployment measures from two major surveys
and information on rates of change in com
pensation provided by the Employment
Cost Index (ECi) program. The labor force
participation rate, the employment-popu
lation ratio, and unemployment rates for ma
jor demographic groups based on the Cur
rent Population (“household”) Survey are
presented, while measures of employment
and average weekly hours by major indus
try sector are given using nonfarm payroll
data. The Employment Cost Index (com
pensation), by major sector and by bargain
ing status, is chosen from a variety of b l s
compensation and wage measures because it
provides a comprehensive measure of em
ployer costs for hiring labor, not just out
lays for wages, and it is not affected by em
ployment shifts among occupations and in
dustries.
Data on changes in compensation,
prices, and productivity are presented in
table 2. Measures of rates of change of com
pensation and wages from the Employment
Cost Index program are provided for all ci
vilian nonfarm workers (excluding Federal
and household workers) and for all private
nonfarm workers. Measures of changes in
consumer prices for all urban consumers;
producer prices by stage of processing; over
all prices by stage of processing; and overall
export and import price indexes are given.
Measures of productivity (output per hour
of all persons) are provided for major sec
tors.
Alternative measures of wage and
compensation rates of change, which re
flect the overall trend in labor costs, are sum
marized in table 3. Differences in concepts
and scope, related to the specific purposes
of the series,
contribute to the variation in changes among
the individual measures.
Notes on the data
Definitions of each series and notes on the
data are contained in later sections of these
notes describing each set of data.
Employment and
Unemploym ent Data
(Tables 1; 4-24)
Household survey data
Description of the series
in this section are ob
tained from the Current Population Survey,
a program of personal interviews conducted
monthly by the Bureau of the Census for
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The sample
consists of about 60,000 households selected
to represent the U.S. population 16 years of
age and older. Households are interviewed
on a rotating basis, so that three-fourths of
the sample is the same for any 2 consecutive
months.
E m ploym ent
d a ta
Definitions
Employed persons include (1) all those
who worked for pay any time during the
week which includes the 12th day of the
month or who worked unpaid for 15 hours
or more in a family-operated enterprise
and (2) those who were temporarily ab
sent from their regular jobs because of ill
ness, vacation, industrial dispute, or simi
lar reasons. A person working at more than
one job is counted only in the job at which
he or she worked the greatest number of
hours.
Unemployed persons are those who
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
did not work during the survey week, but
were available for work except for tempo
rary illness and had looked for jobs within
the preceding 4 weeks. Persons who did not
look for work because they were on layoff
are also counted among the unemployed.
The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the ci
vilian labor force.
The civilian labor force consists of all
employed or unemployed persons in the
civilian noninstitutional population. Persons
not in the labor force are those not
classified as employed or unemployed. This
group includes discouraged workers, defined
as persons who want and are available for a
job and who have looked for work sometime
in the past 12 months (or since the end of
their last job if they held one within the past
12 months), but are not currently looking,
because they believe there are no jobs
available or there are none for which they
would qualify. The civilian noninstitu
tional population comprises all persons 16
years of age and older who are not inmates
of penal or mental institutions, sanitariums,
or homes for the aged, infirm, or needy. The
civilian labor force participation rate is
the proportion of the civilian nonin
stitutional population that is in the labor
force. The employment-population ratio
is employment as a percent of the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Notes on the data
From time to time, and especially after a de
cennial census, adjustments are made in the
Current Population Survey figures to correct
for estimating errors during the intercensal
years. These adjustments affect the compara
bility of historical data. A description of these
adjustments and their effect on the various data
series appears in the Explanatory Notes of
Employment and Earnings. For a discussion
of changes introduced in January 2003, see
“Revisions to the Current Population Survey
Effective in January 2003” in the February
2003 issue of Employment and Earnings
(available on the bls Web site at: http://
www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf).
Effective in January 2003, BLS began us
ing the X-12 arima seasonal adjustment
program to seasonally adjust national labor
force data. This program replaced the X-11
arima program which had been used since
January 1980. See “Revision of Seasonally
Adjusted Labor Force Series in 2003,” in the
February 2003 issue of Employment and
Earnings (available on the BLS Web site at
http:w ww.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs.pdf) for a dis
cussion of the introduction of the use of X-
12 arima for seasonal adjustment o f the la
bor force data and the effects that it had on
the data.
At the beginning of each calendar year,
historical seasonally adjusted data usually
are revised, and projected seasonal adjust
ment factors are calculated for use during
the January-June period. The historical sea
sonally adjusted data usually are revised for
only the most recent 5 years. In July, new
seasonal adjustment factors, which incorpo
rate the experience through June, are pro
duced for the July-December period, but no
revisions are made in the historical data.
F or additional information on na
tional household survey data, contact the
Division of Labor Force Statistics: (202)
691-6378.
Establishment survey data
Description of the series
E mployment, hours, and earnings data
in this section are compiled from payroll
records reported monthly on a voluntary ba
sis to the Bureau of Labor Statistics and its
cooperating State agencies by about 160,000
businesses and government agencies, which
represent approximately 400,000 individual
worksites and represent all industries except
agriculture. The active CES sample covers
approximately one-third of all nonfarm pay
roll workers. Industries are classified in ac
cordance with the 2002 North American In
dustry Classification System. In most in
dustries, the sampling probabilities are based
on the size of the establishment; most large
establishments are therefore in the sample.
(An establishment is not necessarily a firm;
it may be a branch plant, for example, or
warehouse.) Self-employed persons and
others not on a regular civilian payroll are
outside the scope of the survey because they
are excluded from establishment records.
This largely accounts for the difference in
employment figures between the household
and establishment surveys.
Definitions
An establishment is an economic unit which
produces goods or services (such as a factory
or store) at a single location and is engaged in
one type of economic activity.
Employed persons are all persons who
received pay (including holiday and sick pay)
for any part of the payroll period including the
12th day of the month. Persons holding more
than one job (about 5 percent of all persons in
the labor force) are counted in each establish
ment which reports them.
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
51
Current Labor Statistics
Production workers in the goods-producing industries cover employees, up through
the level of working supervisors, who engage
directly in the manufacture or construction of
the establishment’s product. In private ser
vice-providing industries, data are collected for
nonsupervisory workers, which include most
employees except those in executive, manage
rial, and supervisory positions. Those work
ers mentioned in tables 11-16 include produc
tion workers in manufacturing and natural re
sources and mining; construction workers in
construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
all private service-providing industries. Pro
duction and nonsupervisory workers account
for about four-fifths of the total employment
on private nonagricultural payrolls.
Earnings are the payments production or
nonsupervisory workers receive during the
survey period, including premium pay for
overtime or late-shift work but excluding
irregular bonuses and other special
payments. Real earnings are earnings
adjusted to reflect the effects of changes in
consumer prices. The deflator for this series
is derived from the Consumer Price Index
for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
(CPI-W).
Hours represent the average weekly hours
of production or nonsupervisory workers for
which pay was received, and are different from
standard or scheduled hours. Overtime hours
represent the portion of average weekly hours
which was in excess of regular hours and for
which overtime premiums were paid.
The Diffusion Index represents the per
cent of industries in which employment was
rising over the indicated period, plus one-half
of the industries with unchanged employment;
50 percent indicates an equal balance between
industries with increasing and decreasing em
ployment. In line with Bureau practice, data
for the 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans are season
ally adjusted, while those for the 12-month
span are unadjusted. Table 17 provides an in
dex on private nonfarm employment based on
278 industries, and a manufacturing index
based on 84 industries. These indexes are use
ful for measuring the dispersion of economic
gains or losses and are also economic indica
tors.
Notes on the data
Establishment survey data are annually ad
justed to comprehensive counts of employ
ment (called “benchmarks”). The March 2002
benchmark was introduced in June 2003 with
the release of data for May 2003, published in
the July 2003 issue of the Review. With the
release in June, CES completed a conversion
from the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
system to the North American Industry Clas
sification System (NAICS) and completed the
transition from its original quota sample de
52
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
sign to a probability-based sample design. The
industry-coding update included reconstruc
tion of historical estimates in order to preserve
time series for data users. Normally 5 years of
seasonally adjusted data are revised with each
benchmark revision. However, with this re
lease, the entire new time series history for all
CES data series were re-seasonally adjusted due
to the naics conversion, which resulted in the
revision of all ces time series.
Also in June 2003, the ces program intro
duced concurrent seasonal adjustment for the
national establishment data. Under this meth
odology, the first preliminary estimates for the
current reference month and the revised esti
mates for the 2 prior months will be updated
with concurrent factors with each new release
of data. Concurrent seasonal adjustment in
corporates all available data, including first pre
liminary estimates for the most current month,
in the adjustment process. For additional in
formation on all of the changes introduced in
June 2003, see the the June 2003 issue of Em
ployment and Earnings and “Recent changes
in the national Current Employment Statistics
survey,” Monthly Labor Review, June 2003,
pp. 3-13.
Revisions in State data (table 11) occurred
with the publication of January 2003 data. For
information on the revisions for the State data,
see the March and May 2003 issues of Em
ployment and Earnings, and “Recent changes
in the State and Metropolitan Area CES sur
vey,” Monthly Labor Review, June 2003, pp.
14-19.
Beginning in June 1996, the bls uses the
X-12-arima methodology to seasonally ad
just establishment survey data. This proce
dure, developed by the Bureau of the Census,
controls for the effect of varying survey inter
vals (also known as the 4- versus 5-week ef
fect), thereby providing improved measure
ment of over-the-month changes and underly
ing economic trends. Revisions of data, usually
for the most recent 5-year period, are made
once a year coincident with the benchmark re
visions.
In the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incom
plete returns and are published as preliminary
in the tables (12-17 in the Review). When all
returns have been received, the estimates are
revised and published as “final” (prior to any
benchmark revisions) in the third month of
their appearance. Thus, December data are
published as preliminary in January and Feb
ruary and as final in March. For the same rea
sons, quarterly establishment data (table 1) are
preliminary for the first 2 months of publica
tion and final in the third month. Thus, fourthquarter data are published as preliminary in
January and February and as final in March.
F or additional information on es
tablishment survey data, contact the Division of
August 2003
Current Employment Statistics: (202) 691-6555.
Unemployment data by
State
Description of the series
Data presented in this section are obtained from
the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS)
program, which is conducted incooperation with
State employment security agencies.
Monthly estimates of the labor force, em
ployment, and unemployment for States and
sub-State areas are a key indicator of local eco
nomic conditions, and form the basis for deter
mining the eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal economic assistance programs
such as the Job Training Partnership Act. Sea
sonally adjusted unemployment rates are pre
sented in table 10. Insofar as possible, the con
cepts and definitions underlying these data are
those used in the national estimates obtained
from the cps.
Notes on the data
Data refer to State of residence. Monthly data
for all States and the District of Columbia are
derived using standardized procedures
established by bls. Once a year, estimates are
revised to new population controls, usually
with publication of January estimates, and
benchmarked to annual average cps levels.
For additional information on data in
this series, call (202) 691-6392 (table 10) or
(202) 691-6559 (table 11).
Covered em ploym ent and
wage data (ES-202)
Description of the series
E mployment, wage, and establishment
in this section are derived from the
quarterly tax reports submitted to State
employment security agencies by pri
vate and State and local government em
ployers subject to State unemployment
insurance (ui) laws and from Federal,
agencies subject to the Unemployment
Compensation for Federal Employees
( ucfe) program. Each quarter, State agen
cies edit and process the data and send the
information to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The Covered Employment and Wages
data, also referred as ES-202 data, are the
most complete enumeration of employ
ment and wage information by industry at
the national, State, metropolitan area, and
county levels. They have broad economic
significance in evaluating labor market
trends and major industry developments.
data
Definitions
In general, es-202 monthly employment data
represent the number of covered workers
who worked during, or received pay for, the
pay period that included the 12th day of the
month. Covered private industry employ
ment includes most corporate officials, ex
ecutives, supervisory personnel, profession
als, clerical workers, wage earners, piece
workers, and part-time workers. It excludes
proprietors, the unincorporated self-em
ployed, unpaid family members, and certain
farm and domestic workers. Certain types
of nonprofit employers, such as religious
organizations, are given a choice of coverage
or exclusion in a number of States. Workers
in these organizations are, therefore, reported
to a limited degree.
Persons on paid sick leave, paid holiday,
paid vacation, and the like, are included. Per
sons on the payroll of more than one firm dur
ing the period are counted by each ui-subject
employer if they meet the employment defini
tion noted earlier. The employment count ex
cludes workers who earned no wages during
the entire applicable pay period because of
work stoppages, temporary layoffs, illness,
or unpaid vacations.
Federal employment data are based on
reports of monthly employment and quar
terly wages submitted each quarter to State
agencies for all Federal installations with
employees covered by the Unemployment
Compensation for Federal Employees (ucfe)
program, except for certain national secu
rity agencies, which are omitted for security
reasons. Employment for all Federal agen
cies for any given month is based on the
number of persons who worked during or
received pay for the pay period that included
the 12th of the month.
An establishment is an economic unit,
such as a farm, mine, factory, or store, that
produces goods or provides services. It is typi
cally at a single physical location and engaged
in one, or predominantly one, type of eco
nomic activity for which a single industrial clas
sification may be applied. Occasionally, a single
physical location encompasses two or more
distinct and significant activities. Each activity
should be reported as a separate establishment
if separate records are kept and the various
activities are classified under different four
digit sic codes.
Most employers have only one establish
ment; thus, the establishment is the predomi
nant reporting unit or statistical entity for re
porting employment and wages data. Most
employers, including State and local govern
ments who operate more than one establish
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ment in a State, file a Multiple Worksite Re
port each quarter, in addition to their quarterly
ui report. The Multiple Worksite Report is
used to collect separate employment and wage
data for each of the employer’s establishments,
which are not detailed on the ui report. Some
very small multi-establishment employers do
not file a Multiple Worksite Report. When the
total employment in an employer’s secondary
establishments (all establishments other than
the largest) is 10 or fewer, the employer gener
ally will file a consolidated report for all estab
lishments. Also, some employers either can
not or will not report at the establishment level
and thus aggregate establishments into one con
solidated unit, or possibly several units, though
not at the establishment level.
For the Federal Government, the report
ing unit is the installation: a single location
at which a department, agency, or other gov
ernment body has civilian employees. Fed
eral agencies follow slightly different crite
ria than do private employers when break
ing down their reports by installation. They
are permitted to combine as a single state
wide unit: 1) all installations with 10 or fewer
workers, and 2) all installations that have a
combined total in the State of fewer than 50
workers. Also, when there are fewer than 25
workers in all secondary installations in a State,
the secondary installations may be combined
and reported with the major installation. Last,
if a Federal agency has fewer than five em
ployees in a State, the agency headquarters
office (regional office, district office) serving
each State may consolidate the employment
and wages data for that State with the data
reported to the State in which the headquarters
is located. As a result of these reporting rules,
the number of reporting units is always larger
than the number of employers (or government
agencies) but smaller than the number of actual
establishments (or installations).
Data reported for the first quarter are tabu
lated into size categories ranging from worksites
of very small size to those with 1,000 employ
ees or more. The size category is determined
by the establishment’s March employment
level. It is important to note that each estab
lishment of a multi-establishment firm is tabu
lated separately into the appropriate size cat
egory. The total employment level of the re
porting multi-establishment firm is not used in
the size tabulation.
Covered employers in most States report
total wages paid during the calendar quarter, re
gardless of when the services were performed. A
few State laws, however, specify that wages be
reported for, or based on the period during which
services are performed ratherthan the period dur
ing which compensation is paid. Under most State
laws orregulations, wages include bonuses, stock
options, the cash value of meals and lodging, tips
and other gratuities, and, in some States, em
ployer contributions to certain deferred com
pensation plans such as 401(k) plans.
Covered employer contributions for oldage, survivors, and disability insurance (oasdi),
health insurance, unemployment insurance,
workers’ compensation, and private pension
and welfare funds are not reported as wages.
Employee contributions for the same purposes,
however, as well as money withheld for in
come taxes, union dues, and so forth, are re
ported even though they are deducted from
the worker’s gross pay.
Wages of covered Federal workers rep
resent the gross amount of all payrolls for all
pay periods ending within the quarter. This
includes cash allowances, the cash equivalent
of any type of remuneration, severance pay,
withholding taxes, and retirement deductions.
Federal employee remuneration generally cov
ers the same types of services as for workers
in private industry.
Average annual wages per employee for
any given industry are computed by dividing
total annual wages by annual average employ
ment. A further division by 52 yields average
weekly wages per employee. Annual pay data
only approximate annual earnings because an
individual may not be employed by the same
employer all year or may work for more than
one employer at a time.
Average weekly or annual pay is affected
by the ratio of full-time to part-time workers
as well as the number of individuals in highpaying and low-paying occupations. When
average pay levels between States and indus
tries are compared, these factors should be
taken into consideration. For example, indus
tries characterized by high proportions of parttime workers will show average wage levels
appreciably less than the weekly pay levels of
regular full-time employees in these industries.
The opposite effect characterizes industries
with low proportions of part-time workers, or
industries that typically schedule heavy week
end and overtime work. Average wage data also
may be influenced by work stoppages, labor
turnover rates, retroactive payments, seasonal
factors, bonus payments, and so on.
Notes on the data
Beginning with the release of data for 2001, pub
lications presenting data from the Covered Em
ployment andWages (CEW)programhave switched
to the 2002 version of the NorthAmerican Indus
try Classificatiion System (NAICS) as the basis
for the assignment and tabulation of economic
data by industry, naics is the product of a
cooperative effort on the part of the statistical
agencies of the United States, Canada, and
Mexico. Due to difference in naics and Stan-
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
53
Current Labor Statistics
dard Industrial Classification (SIC) structures,
industry data for 2001 is not comparable to
the sic-based data for earlier years.
Effective January 2001, the CEW program
began assigning Indian Tribal Councils and re
lated establishments to local government own
ership. This b ls action was in response to a
change in Federal law dealing with the way
Indian Tribes are treated under the Federal
Unemployment Tax Act. This law requires
federally recognized Indian Tribes to be treated
similarly to State and local governments. In
the past the CEW program coded Indian Tribal
Councils and related establishments in the
private sector. As a result of the new law,
CEW data reflects significant shifts in em
ployment and wages between the private sec
tor and local government from 2000 to 2001.
Data also reflect industry changes. Those
accounts previously assigned to civic and
social organizations were assigned to tribal
governments. There were no required indus
try changes for related establishments owned
by these Tribal Councils. These tribal busi
ness establishments continued to be coded ac
cording to the economic activity of that entity.
To insure the highest possible quality of
data, State employment security agencies
verify with employers and update, if neces
sary, the industry, location, and ownership clas
sification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle.
Changes in establishment classification codes
resulting from the verification process are in
troduced with the data reported for the first
quarter of the year. Changes resulting from
improved employer reporting also are intro
duced in the first quarter. For these reasons,
some data, especially at more detailed geo
graphic levels, may not be strictly comparable
with earlier years.
The2000 county data used to calculate the
2000-2001 changes were adjusted for changes
in industry and county classification to make
them comparable to data for 2001. As a result,
the adjusted 2000 data differ to some extent
from the data available on the Internet at:
http ://www.bls.gov/cew/home.htm.
County definitions are assigned according
to Federal Information Processing Standards
Publications as issued by the National Insti
tute of Standards and Technology. Areas
shown as counties include those designated
as independent cities in some jurisdictions
and, in Alaska, those areas designated by the
Census Bureau where counties have not been
created. County data also are presented for
the New England States for comparative pur
poses, even though townships are the more
common designation used in New England
54
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(and New Jersey).
For additional information on the cov
ered employment and wage data, contact
the Division of Administrative Statistics
and Labor Turnover at (202) 691-6567.
C o m p e nsatio n and----------W age D ata
(Tables 1-3; 25-31)
C ompensation and wage data are gath
ered by the Bureau from business estab
lishments, State and local governments,
labor unions, collective bargaining agree
ments on file with the Bureau, and sec
ondary sources.
Employment Cost Index
Description of the series
The Employment Cost Index (ECi) is a
quarterly measure of the rate of change in
compensation per hour worked and includes
wages, salaries, and employer costs of em
ployee benefits. It uses a fixed market
basket of labor—similar in concept to the
Consumer Price Index’s fixed market basket
of goods and services—to measure change
over time in employer costs of employing
labor.
Statistical series on total compensation
costs, on wages and salaries, and on ben
efit costs are available for private nonfarm
workers excluding proprietors, the selfemployed, and household workers. The
total compensation costs and wages and
salaries series are also available for State
and local government workers and for the
civilian nonfarm economy, which consists
of private industry and State and local
government workers combined. Federal
workers are excluded.
The Employment Cost Index probabil
ity sample consists of about 4,400 pri
vate nonfarm establishments providing
about 23,000 occupational observations
and 1,000 State and local government es
tablishments providing 6,000 occupational
observations selected to represent total
employment in each sector. On average,
each reporting unit provides wage and
compensation information on five wellspecified occupations. Data are collected
each quarter for the pay period including
the 12th day of March, June, September,
and December.
Beginning with June 1986 data, fixed
August 2003
employment weights from the 1980 Cen
sus of Population are used each quarter to
calculate the civilian and private indexes
and the index for State and local govern
ments. (Prior to June 1986, the employ
ment weights are from the 1970 Census of
Population.) These fixed weights, also
used to derive all of the industry and oc
cupation series indexes, ensure that
changes in these indexes reflect only
changes in compensation, not employment
shifts among industries or occupations
with different levels of wages and com
pensation. For the bargaining status, re
gion, and metropolitan/nonmetropolitan
area series, however, employment data by
industry and occupation are not available
from the census. Instead, the 1980 em
ployment weights are reallocated within
these series each quarter based on the cur
rent sample. Therefore, these indexes are
not strictly comparable to those for the
aggregate, industry, and occupation series.
Definitions
Total compensation costs include wages,
salaries, and the employer’s costs for em
ployee benefits.
Wages and salaries consist of earn
ings before payroll deductions, including
production bonuses, incentive earnings,
commissions, and cost-of-living adjust
ments.
Benefits include the cost to employers
for paid leave, supplemental pay (includ
ing nonproduction bonuses), insurance, re
tirement and savings plans, and legally re
quired benefits (such as Social Security,
workers’ compensation, and unemployment
insurance).
Excluded from wages and salaries and
employee benefits are such items as payment-in-kind, free room and board, and
tips.
Notes on the data
The Employment Cost Index for changes
in wages and salaries in the private non
farm economy was published beginning in
1975. Changes in total compensation
cost—wages and salaries and benefits
combined—were published beginning in
1980. The series of changes in wages and
salaries and for total compensation in the
State and local government sector and in
the civilian nonfarm economy (excluding
Federal employees) were published be-
ginning in 1981. Historical indexes
(June 1981 = 100) are available on the
Internet:
http ://www.bls.gov/ect/
F or additional information on the
Employment Cost Index, contact the Of
fice of Compensation Levels and Trends:
(202) 691-6199.
Employee Benefits Survey
Description of the series
Employee benefits data are obtained from
the Employee Benefits Survey, an annual
survey of the incidence and provisions of
selected benefits provided by employers.
The survey collects data from a sample of
approximately 9,000 private sector and
State and local government establishments.
The data are presented as a percentage of em
ployees who participate in a certain benefit, or
as an average benefit provision (for example,
the average number of paid holidays provided
to employees per year). Selected data from the
survey are presented in table 25 for medium
and large private establishments and in table
26 for small private establishments and State
and local government.
The survey covers paid leave benefits
such as holidays and vacations, and personal,
funeral, jury duty, military, family, and sick
leave; short-term disability, long-term dis
ability, and life insurance; medical, dental,
and vision care plans; defined benefit and
defined contribution plans; flexible benefits
plans; reimbursement accounts; and unpaid
family leave.
Also, data are tabulated on the inci
dence of several other benefits, such as
severance pay, child-care assistance, wellness
programs, and employee assistance
programs.
Definitions
Employer-provided benefits are benefits
that are financed either wholly or partly by
the employer. They may be sponsored by a
union or other third party, as long as there is
some employer financing. However, some
benefits that are fully paid for by the em
ployee also are included. For example, long
term care insurance and postretirement life
insurance paid entirely by the employee are
included because the guarantee of insurabil
ity and availability at group premium rates
are considered a benefit.
Participants are workers who are covered
by a benefit, whether or not they use that benefit.
If the benefit plan is financed wholly by
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
employers and requires employees to complete
a minimum length of service for eligibility, the
workers are considered participants whether or
not they have met the requirement. If workers
are required to contribute towards the cost of a
plan, they are considered participants only if
they elect the plan and agree to make the required
contributions.
Defined benefit pension plans use pre
determined formulas to calculate a retirement
benefit (if any), and obligate the employer to
provide those benefits. Benefits are generally
based on salary, years of service, or both.
Defined contribution plans generally
specify the level of employer and employee
contributions to a plan, but not the formula for
determining eventual benefits. Instead, indi
vidual accounts are set up for participants, and
benefits are based on amounts credited to these
accounts.
Tax-deferred savings plans are a type of
defined contribution plan that allow par
ticipants to contribute a portion of their sal
ary to an employer-sponsored plan and defer
income taxes until withdrawal.
Flexible benefit plans allow employees
to choose among several benefits, such as life
insurance, medical care, and vacation days, and
among several levels of coverage within a given
benefit.
Notes on the data
Surveys of employees in medium and large
establishments conducted over the 1979-86
period included establishments that employed
at least 50,100, or 250 workers, depending on
the industry (most service industries were
excluded). The survey conducted in 1987
covered only State and local governments with
50 or more employees. The surveys conducted
in 1988 and 1989 included medium and large
establishments with 100 workers or more in
private industries. All surveys conducted over
the 1979-89 period excluded establishments
in Alaska and Hawaii, as well as part-time
employees.
Beginning in 1990, surveys of State and
local governments and small private
establishments were conducted in evennumbered years, and surveys of medium and
large establishments were conducted in oddnumbered years. The small establishment
survey includes all private nonfarm
establishments with fewer than 100
workers, while the State and local
government survey includes all governments,
regardless of the number of workers. All
three surveys include full- and part-time
workers, and workers in all 50 States and
the District of Columbia.
For additional information on the Em
ployee Benefits Survey, contact the Office of
Compensation Levels and Trends on the
Internet:
http VAvww.bIs.gov/ebs/
Work stoppages
Description of the series
Data on work stoppages measure the number
and duration of major strikes or lockouts (in
volving 1,000 workers or more) occurring dur
ing the month (or year), the number of work
ers involved, and the amount of work time lost
because of stoppage. These data are presented
in table 31.
Data are largely from a variety of pub
lished sources and cover only establishments
directly involved in a stoppage. They do
not measure the indirect or secondary effect
of stoppages on other establishments whose
employees are idle owing to material short
ages or lack of service.
Definitions
Number of stoppages: The number of
strikes and lockouts involving 1,000 workers
or more and lasting a full shift or longer.
Workers involved: The number of work
ers directly involved in the stoppage.
Number of days idle: The aggregate
number of workdays lost by workers involved
in the stoppages.
Days of idleness as a percent of
estimated working time: Aggregate
workdays lost as a percent of the aggregate
number of standard workdays in the period
multiplied by total employment in the
period.
Notes on the data
This series is not comparable with the one
terminated in 1981 that covered strikes in
volving six workers or more.
For additional information on work
stoppages data, contact the Office of Com
pensation and Working Conditions: (202)
691-6282, or the Internet:
http Vwww.bls.gov/cba/
Price Data
(Tables 2; 32-42)
Price data are gathered by the Bureau
of Labor Statistics from retail and pri
mary markets in the United States. Price in-
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
55
Current Labor Statistics
dexes are given in relation to a base period—
1982 = 100 for many Producer Price Indexes,
1982-84 = 100 for many Consumer Price In
dexes (unless otherwise noted), and 1990 =
100 for International Price Indexes.
Consumer Price Indexes
Description of the series
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a mea
sure of the average change in the prices
paid by urban consumers for a fixed mar
ket basket of goods and services. The CPI
is calculated monthly for two population
groups, one consisting only of urban
households whose primary source of in
come is derived from the employment of
wage earners and clerical workers, and the
other consisting of all urban households.
The wage earner index (CPI-W) is a continu
ation of the historic index that was intro
duced well over a half-century ago for use
in wage negotiations. As new uses were
developed for the CPI in recent years, the
need for a broader and more representa
tive index became apparent. The all-urban
consumer index (CPi-U), introduced in 1978,
is representative of the 1993-95 buying
habits of about 87 percent of the noninstitutional population of the United States
at that time, compared with 32 percent
represented in the CPI-W. In addition to
wage earners and clerical workers, the cpiu covers professional, managerial, and tech
nical workers, the self-employed, short
term workers, the unemployed, retirees,
and others not in the labor force.
The cpi is based on prices of food,
clothing, shelter, fuel, drugs, transporta
tion fares, doctors’ and dentists’ fees, and
other goods and services that people buy
for day-to-day living. The quantity and
quality of these items are kept essentially
unchanged between major revisions so that
only price changes will be measured. All
taxes directly associated with the pur
chase and use of items are included in the
index.
Data collected from more than 23,000
retail establishments and 5,800 housing
units in 87 urban areas across the country
are used to develop the “U.S. city aver
age.” Separate estimates for 14 major ur
ban centers are presented in table 33. The
areas listed are as indicated in footnote 1
to the table. The area indexes measure only
the average change in prices for each area
since the base period, and do not indicate
differences in the level of prices among
cities.
Notes on the data
56
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
In January 1983, the Bureau changed the
way in which homeownership costs are
meaured for the cpi-u . A rental equivalence
method replaced the asset-price approach
to homeownership costs for that series. In
January 1985, the same change was made in
the CPi-w. The central purpose of the change
was to separate shelter costs from the in
vestment component of home-ownership so
that the index would reflect only the cost of
shelter services provided by owner-occu
pied homes. An updated cpi-u and CPi-w
were introduced with release of the January
1987 and January 1998 data.
F or additional information, contact
the Division of Prices and Price Indexes:
(202) 691-7000.
together with implicit quantity weights
representing their importance in the total net
selling value of all commodities as of 1987.
The detailed data are aggregated to obtain
indexes for stage-of-processing groupings,
commodity groupings, durability-ofproduct groupings, and a number of special
composite groups. All Producer Price Index
data are subject to revision 4 months after
original publication.
F or additional information , contact
the Division of Industrial Prices and Price
Indexes: (202) 691-7705.
International Price indexes
Description of the series
Producer Price indexes
Description of the series
Producer Price Indexes (PPi) measure av
erage changes in prices received by do
mestic producers of commodities in all
stages of processing. The sample used for
calculating these indexes currently con
tains about 3,200 commodities and about
80,000 quotations per month, selected to
represent the movement of prices of all
commodities produced in the manufactur
ing; agriculture, forestry, and fishing; min
ing; and gas and electricity and public utili
ties sectors. The stage-of-processing
structure of ppi organizes products by
class of buyer and degree of fabrication
(that is, finished goods, intermediate
goods, and crude materials). The tradi
tional commodity structure of ppi orga
nizes products by similarity of end use or
material composition. The industry and
product structure of ppi organizes data in
accordance with the Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) and the product code
extension of the sic developed by the U.S.
Bureau of the Census.
To the extent possible, prices used in
calculating Producer Price Indexes apply
to the first significant commercial transac
tion in the United States from the produc
tion or central marketing point. Price data
are generally collected monthly, primarily
by mail questionnaire. Most prices are ob
tained directly from producing companies
on a voluntary and confidential basis.
Prices generally are reported for the Tues
day of the week containing the 13th day
of the month.
Since January 1992, price changes for the
various commodities have been averaged
August 2003
The International Price Program pro
duces monthly and quarterly export and
import price indexes for nonmilitary
goods and services traded between the
United States and the rest of the world.
The export price index provides a measure
of price change for all products sold by
U.S. residents to foreign buyers. (“Resi
dents” is defined as in the national income
accounts; it includes corporations, busi
nesses, and individuals, but does not re
quire the organizations to be U.S. owned
nor the individuals to have U.S. citizen
ship.) The import price index provides a
measure of price change for goods pur
chased from other countries by U.S. resi
dents.
The product universe for both the im
port and export indexes includes raw ma
terials, agricultural products, semifinished
manufactures, and finished manufactures,
including both capital and consumer
goods. Price data for these items are col
lected primarily by mail questionnaire. In
nearly all cases, the data are collected di
rectly from the exporter or importer, al
though in a few cases, prices are obtained
from other sources.
To the extent possible, the data gath
ered refer to prices at the U.S. border for
exports and at either the foreign border or
the U.S. border for imports. For nearly all
products, the prices refer to transactions
completed during the first week of the
month. Survey respondents are asked to
indicate all discounts, allowances, and re
bates applicable to the reported prices, so
that the price used in the calculation of
the indexes is the actual price for which
the product was bought or sold.
In addition to general indexes of prices for
U.S. exports and imports, indexes are also
published for detailed product categories of
exports and imports. These categories are
defined according to the five-digit level of detail
for the Bureau of Economic Analysis End-use
Classification, the three-digit level for the
Standard Industrial Classification (SITC), and
the four-digit level of detail for the Harmonized
System. Aggregate import indexes by coun
try or region of origin are also available.
publishes indexes for selected cat
egories o f internationally traded services,
calculated on an international basis and on
a balance-of-paym ents basis.
bls
Notes on the d ata
The export and import price indexes are
weighted indexes of the Laspeyres type.
The trade weights currently used to com
pute both indexes relate to 2000.
Because a price index depends on the same
items being priced from period to period, it is
necessary to recognize when a product’s
specifications or terms of transaction have
been modified. For this reason, the Bureau’s
questionnaire requests detailed descriptions of
the physical and functional characteristics of
the products being priced, as well as informa
tion on the number of units bought or sold,
discounts, credit terms, packaging, class of
buyer or seller, and so forth. When there are
changes in either the specifications or terms of
transaction of a product, the dollar value of
each change is deleted from the total price
change to obtain the “pure” change. Once this
value is determined, a linking procedure is em
ployed which allows for the continued repric
ing of the item.
For additional information, contact
the Division of International Prices: (202)
691-7155.
Productivity Data
(Tables 2; 43-46)
Business and major sectors
Description of the series
The productivity measures relate real output
to real input. As such, they encompass a fam
ily of measures which include single-factor
input measures, such as output per hour, out
put per unit of labor input, or output per
unit of capital input, as well as measures of
multifactor productivity (output per unit of
combined labor and capital inputs). The Bu
reau indexes show the change in output rela
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
tive to changes in the various inputs. The
measures cover the business, nonfarm busi
ness, manufacturing, and nonfinancial corpo
rate sectors.
Corresponding indexes of hourly compen
sation, unit labor costs, unit nonlabor pay
ments, and prices are also provided.
Definitions
Output per hour of all persons (labor pro
ductivity) is the quantity of goods and ser
vices produced per hour of labor input. Out
put per unit of capital services (capital
productivity) is the quantity of goods and
services produced per unit of capital ser
vices input. Multifactor productivity is the
quantity of goods and services produced per
combined inputs. For private business and pri
vate nonfarm business, inputs include labor
and capital units. For manufacturing, inputs
include labor, capital, energy, nonenergy mate
rials, and purchased business services.
Compensation per hour is total com
pensation divided by hours at work. Total
compensation equals the wages and salaries
of employees plus employers’ contributions
for social insurance and private benefit plans,
plus an estimate of these payments for the
self-employed (except for nonfinancial cor
porations in which there are no self-em
ployed). Real compensation per hour is
compensation per hour deflated by the
change in the Consumer Price Index for All
Urban Consumers.
Unit labor costs are the labor compen
sation costs expended in the production of a
unit of output and are derived by dividing
compensation by output. Unit nonlabor
payments include profits, depreciation,
interest, and indirect taxes per unit of out
put. They are computed by subtracting com
pensation of all persons from current-dollar
value of output and dividing by output.
Unit nonlabor costs contain all the
components of unit nonlabor payments
except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits
with inventory valuation and capital con
sumption adjustments per unit of output.
Hours of all persons are the total
hours at work of payroll workers, selfemployed persons, and unpaid family
workers.
Labor inputs are hours of all persons
adjusted for the effects of changes in the
education and experience of the labor force.
Capital services are the flow of ser
vices from the capital stock used in pro
duction. It is developed from measures of
the net stock of physical assets—equip
ment, structures, land, and inventories—
weighted by rental prices for each type of
asset.
Combined units of labor and capital
inputs are derived by com bining
changes in labor and capital input with
w eights which represent each
com ponent’s share of total cost.
Combined units of labor, capital, energy,
m aterials, and purchased business
services are sim ilarly derived by
combining changes in each input with
weights that represent each input’s
share of total costs. The indexes for
each input and for combined units are
based on changing weights which are
averages of the shares in the current and
preceding year (the Tornquist indexnumber formula).
Notes on the data
Business sector output is an annuallyweighted index constructed by excluding
from real gross domestic product ( gd p ) the
following outputs: general government,
nonprofit institutions, paid employees of
private households, and the rental value
of owner-occupied dwellings. Nonfarm
business also excludes farming. Private
business and private nonfarm business
further exclude government enterprises.
The measures are supplied by the U.S. De
partment of Commerce’s Bureau of Eco
nomic Analysis. Annual estimates of manu
facturing sectoral output are produced by
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Quarterly
manufacturing output indexes from the
Federal Reserve Board are adjusted to these
annual output measures by the BLS. Com
pensation data are developed from data of
the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. Hours data
are developed from data of the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
The productivity and associated cost
measures in tables 43-46 describe the re
lationship between output in real terms
and the labor and capital inputs involved
in its production. They show the changes
from period to period in the amount of
goods and services produced per unit of
input.
Although these measures relate output
to hours and capital services, they do not
measure the contributions of labor, capi
tal, or any other specific factor of produc
tion. Rather, they reflect the joint effect
of many influences, including changes in
technology; shifts in the composition of
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
57
Current Labor Statistics
the labor force; capital investment; level
of output; changes in the utilization of
capacity, energy, material, and research
and development; the organization of pro
duction; managerial skill; and characteris
tics and efforts of the work force.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on this
productivity series, contact the Division
of Productivity Research: (202) 691 —
5606.
index of the combined inputs consumed in pro
ducing that output. Combined inputs in
clude capital, labor, and intermediate pur
chases. The measure of capital input used
represents the flow of services from the capi
tal stock used in production. It is developed
from measures of the net stock of physical
assets—equipment, structures, land, and in
ventories. The measure of intermediate pur
chases is a combination of purchased materi
als, services, fuels, and electricity.
Constance Sorrentino, “International unem
ployment rates: how comparable are they?”
Monthly Labor Review, June 2000, pp. 3-20.
Industry productivity
measures
Notes on the data
Notes on the data
Description of the series
The b l s industry productivity data
supplement the measures for the business
economy and major sectors with annual
measures of labor productivity for selected
industries at the three- and four-digit levels of
the Standard Industrial Classification system.
In addition to labor productivity, the industry
data also include annual measures of
compensation and unit labor costs for threedigit industries and measures of multifactor
productivity for three-digit manufacturing
industries and railroad transportation. The
industry measures differ in methodology and
data sources from the productivity measures
for the major sectors because the industry
measures are developed independently of the
National Income and Product Accounts
framework used for the major sector measures.
The industry measures are compiled from
data produced by the Bureau of Labor Sta
tistics and the Bureau of the Census,with
additional data supplied by other govern
ment agencies, trade associations, and
other sources.
For most industries, the productivity
indexes refer to the output per hour of all
employees. For some trade and services
industries, indexes of output per hour of
all persons (including self-employed) are
constructed. For some transportation in
dustries, only indexes of output per em
ployee are prepared.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION on this
series, contact the Division of Industry
Productivity Studies: (202) 691-5618.
International
Comparisons
(Tables 47-49)
Definitions
Output per hour is derived by dividing an
index of industry output by an index of labor
input. For most industries, output indexes are
derived from data on the value of industry out
put adjusted for price change. For the remain
ing industries, output indexes are derived from
data on the physical quantity of production.
The labor input series consist of the hours of
all employees (production workers and nonpro
duction workers), the hours of all persons (paid
employees, partners, proprietors, and unpaid fam
ily workers), or the number of employees, de
pending upon the industry.
Unit labor costs represent the labor com
pensation costs per unit of output produced,
and are derived by dividing an index of labor
compensation by an index of output. Labor
compensation includes payroll as well as
supplemental payments, including both legally
required expenditures and payments for vol
untary programs.
Multifactor productivity is derived by
dividing an index of industry output by an
58
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Labor force and
unemployment
Description of the series
Tables 47 and 48 present comparative meas
ures of the labor force, employment, and un
employment—approximating U.S. con
cepts—for the United States, Canada, Aus
tralia, Japan, and several European countries.
The unemployment statistics (and, to a
lesser extent, employment statistics) pub
lished by other industrial countries are not,
in most cases, comparable to U.S. unemploy
ment statistics. Therefore, the Bureau ad
justs the figures for selected countries, where
necessary, for all known major definitional
differences. Although precise comparability
may not be achieved, these adjusted figures
provide a better basis for international com
parisons than the figures regularly published
by each country. For further information on
adjustments and comparability issues, see
August 2003
Definitions
For the principal U.S. definitions of the labor
force, employment, and unemployment, see
the Notes section on Employment and Unem
ployment Data: Household survey data.
The adjusted statistics have been adapted to
the age at which compulsory schooling ends
in each country, rather than to the U.S. stan
dard of 16 years of age and older. Therefore,
the adjusted statistics relate to the popula
tion aged 16 and older in France, Sweden, and
the United Kingdom; 15 and older in Austra
lia, Japan, Germany, Italy from 1993 onward,
and the Netherlands; and 14 and older in Italy
prior to 1993. An exception to this rule is
that the Canadian statistics for 1976 onward
are adjusted to cover ages 16 and older,
whereas the age at which compulsory school
ing ends remains at 15. The institutional
population is included in the denominator of
the labor force participation rates and em
ployment-population ratios for Japan and
Germany; it is excluded for the United States
and the other countries.
In the U.S. labor force survey, persons on
layoff who are awaiting recall to their jobs
are classified as unemployed. European and
Japanese layoff practices are quite different
in nature from those in the United States;
therefore, strict application of the U.S. defi
nition has not been made on this point. For
further information, see Monthly Labor Re
view, December 1981, pp. 8-11.
The figures for one or more recent years
for France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands,
and the United Kingdom are calculated using
adjustment factors based on labor force sur
veys for earlier years and are considered pre
liminary. The recent-year measures for these
countries, therefore, are subject to revision
whenever data from more current labor force
surveys become available.
There are breaks in the data series for the
United States (1990,1994,1997,1998,1999,
2000), Canada (1976) France (1992), Ger
many (1991), Italy (1991, 1993), the Neth
erlands (1988), and Sweden (1987).
For the United States, the break in series
reflects a major redesign of the labor force
survey questionnaire and collection method
ology introduced in January 1994. Revised
population estimates based on the 1990 cen
sus, adjusted for the estimated undercount,
also were incorporated. In 1996, previously
published data for the 1990-93 period were
revised to reflect the 1990 census-based
population controls, adjusted for the un
dercount. In 1997, revised population con
trols were introduced into the household sur
vey. Therefore, the data are not strictly
conparable with prior years. In 1998, new
composite estimation procedures and minor
revisions in population controls were intro
duced into the household survey. Therefore,
the data are not strictly comparable with data
for 1997 and earlier years. See the Notes sec
tion on Employment and Unemployment
Data of this Review.
BLS recently introduced a new adjusted
series for Canada. Beginning with the data
for 1976, Canadian data are adjusted to more
closely approximate U.S. concepts. Adjust
ments are made to the unemployed and labor
force to exclude: (1) 15-year-olds; (2) pas
sive jobseekers (persons only reading news
paper ads as their method of job search); (3)
persons waiting to start a new job who did
not seek work in the past 4 weeks; and (4)
persons unavailable for work due to personal
or family responsibilities. An adjustment is
made to include full-tine students looking for
full-time work. The impact of the adjust
ments was to lower the annual average unem
ployment rate by 0.1-0.4 percentage point
in the 1980s and 0.4-1.0 percentage point in
the 1990s.
For France, the 1992 break reflects the
substitution of standardized European Union
Statistical Office ( eurostat) unemployment
statistics for the unemployment data esti
mated according to the International Labor
Office (ilo) definition and published in the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (oecd) annual yearbook and
quarterly update. This change was made be
cause the eurostat data are more up-to-date
than the oecd figures. Also, since 1992, the
eurostat definitions are closer to the U.S.
definitions than they were in prior years. The
impact of this revision was to lower the un
employment rate by 0.1 percentage point in
1992 and 1993, by 0.4 percentage point in
1994, and 0.5 percentage point in 1995.
For Germany, the data for 1991 onward
refer to unified Germany. Data prior to 1991
relate to the former West Germany. The im
pact of including the former East Germany
was to increase the unemployment rate from
4.3 to 5.6 percent in 1991.
For Italy, the 1991 break reflects a revi
sion in the method of weighting sample
data. The impact was to increase the un
employment rate by approximately 0.3
percentage point, from 6.6 to 6.9 percent
in 1991.
In October 1992, the survey methodol
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ogy was revised and the definition of unem
ployment was changed to include only those
who were actively looking for a job within
the 30 days preceding the survey and who
were available for work. In addition, the
lower age limit for the labor force was raised
from 14 to 15 years. (Prior to these changes,
bls adjusted Italy’s published unemploy
ment rate downward by excluding from the
unemployed those persons who had not
actively sought work in the past 30 days.)
The break in the series also reflects the incor
poration of the 1991 population census re
sults. The impact of these changes was to
raise Italy’s adjusted unemployment rate by
approximately 1.2 percentage points, from
8.3 to 9.5 percent in fourth-quarter 1992.
These changes did not affect employment
significantly, except in 1993. Estimates by
the Italian Statistical Office indicate that em
ployment declined by about 3 percent in
1993, rather than the nearly 4 percent indi
cated by the data shown in table 44. This
difference is attributable mainly to the incor
poration of the 1991 population benchmarks
in the 1993 data. Data for earlier years have
not been adjusted to incorporate the 1991
census results.
For the Netherlands, a new survey ques
tionnaire was introduced in 1992 that allowed
for a closer application of ilo guidelines.
EUROSTAT has revised the Dutch series back
to 1988 based on the 1992 changes. The 1988
revised unemployment rate is 7.6 percent;
the previous estimate for the same year was
9.3 percent.
There have been two breaks in series in
the Swedish labor force survey, in 1987 and
1993. Adjustments have been made for the
1993 break back to 1987. In 1987, a new
questionnaire was introduced. Questions
regarding current availability were added
and the period of active workseeking was
reduced from 60 days to 4 weeks. These
changes lowered Sweden’s 1987 unem
ployment rate by 0.4 percentage point,
from 2.3 to 1.9 percent. In 1993, the mea
surement period for the labor force sur
vey was changed to represent all 52 weeks
of the year rather than one week each
month and a new adjustment for popula
tion totals was introduced. The impact
was to raise the unemployment rate by
approximately 0.5 percentage point, from
7.6 to 8.1 percent. Statistics Sweden re
vised its labor force survey data for 1987—
92 to take into account the break in 1993.
The adjustment raised the Swedish unem
ployment rate by 0.2 percentage point in
1987 and gradually rose to 0.5 percentage
point in 1992.
Beginning with 1987, BLS has adjusted the
Swedish data to classify students who also
sought work as unemployed. The impact of
this change was to increase the adjusted un
employment rate by 0.1 percentage point in
1987 and by 1.8 percentage points in 1994,
when unemployment was higher. In 1998,
the adjusted unemployment rate had risen
from 6.5 to 8.4 percent due to the adjustment
to include students.
The net effect of the 1987 and 1993
changes and the BLS adjustment for stu
dents seeking work lowered Sweden’s
1987 unemployment rate from 2.3 to 2.2
percent.
for additional information on this se
ries, contact the Division of Foreign Labor
Statistics: (202) 691-5654.
Manufacturing productivity
and labor costs
Description of the series
Table 49 presents comparative indexes of
manufacturing labor productivity (output per
hour), output, total hours, compensation per
hour, and unit labor costs for the United
States, Canada, Japan, and nine European
countries. These measures are trend compari
sons—that is, series that measure changes
over time—rather than level comparisons.
There are greater technical problems in com
paring the levels of manufacturing output
among countries.
bls constructs the comparative indexes
from three basic aggregate measures—output,
total labor hours, and total compensation.
The hours and compensation measures refer
to all employed persons (wage and salary
earners plus self-employed persons and un
paid family workers) in the United States,
Canada, Japan, France, Germany, Norway,
and Sweden, and to all employees (wage and
salary earners) in the other countries.
Definitions
Output, in general, refers to value added
in manufacturing from the national ac
counts of each country. However, the
output series for Japan prior to 1970 is
an index of industrial production, and the
national accounts measures for the United
Kingdom are essentially identical to their
indexes of industrial production.
The 1977-97 output data for the
United States are the gross product origi
nating (value added) measures prepared
by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of
the U.S. Department of Commerce. Com-
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
59
Current Labor Statistics
parable manufacturing output data cur
rently are not available prior to 1977.
U.S. gross product originating is a chaintype annual-weighted series. (For more in
formation on the U.S. measure, see Robert
E. Yuskavage, “Improved Estimates of
Gross Product by Industry, 1959-94,”
Survey of Current Business, August 1996,
pp. 133-55.) The Japanese value added
series is based upon one set of fixed price
weights for the years 1970 through 1997.
Output series for the other foreign econo
mies also employ fixed price weights, but
the weights are updated periodically (for
example, every 5 or 10 years).
To preserve the comparability of the U.S.
measures with those for other economies, bls
uses gross product originating in manufac
turing for the United States for these com
parative measures. The gross product origi
nating series differs from the manufacturing
output series that bls publishes in its news
releases on quarterly measures of U.S. pro
ductivity and costs (and that underlies the
measures that appear in tables 43 and 45 in
this section). The quarterly measures are on
a “sectoral output” basis, rather than a valueadded basis. Sectoral output is gross output
less intrasector transactions.
Total labor hours refers to hours worked
in all countries. The measures are developed
from statistics of manufacturing employment
and average hours. The series used for France
(from 1970 forward), Norway, and Sweden
are official series published with the national
accounts. Where official total hours series are
not available, the measures are developed by
bls using employment figures published with
the national accounts, or other comprehen
sive employment series, and estimates of an
nual hours worked. For Germany, BLS uses
estimates of average hours worked developed
by a research institute connected to the Min
istry of Labor for use with the national ac
counts employment figures. For the other
countries, BLS constructs its own estimates
of average hours.
Denmark has not published estimates of
average hours for 1994-97; therefore, the bls
measure of labor input for Denmark ends in
1993.
Total compensation (labor cost) includes
all payments in cash or in-kind made directly
to employees plus employer expenditures for
legally required insurance programs and con
tractual and private benefit plans. The mea
sures are from the national accounts of each
country, except those for Belgium, which are
developed by bls using statistics on employ
ment, average hours, and hourly compensa
tion. For Canada, France, and Sweden, com
pensation is increased to account for other sig
nificant taxes on payroll or employment. For
the United Kingdom, compensation is reduced
between 1967 and 1991 to account for em
ployment-related subsidies. Self-employed
60
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
workers are included in the all-employed-per
sons measures by assuming that their hourly
compensation is equal to the average for wage
and salary employees.
Notes on the data
In general, the measures relate to total manu
facturing as defined by the International Stan
dard Industrial Classification. However, the
measures for France (for all years) and Italy
(beginning 1970) refer to mining and manu
facturing less energy-related products, and
the measures for Denmark include mining and
exclude manufacturing handicrafts from 1960
to 1966.
The measures for recent years may be
based on current indicators of manufacturing
output (such as industrial production in
dexes), employment, average hours, and
hourly compensation until national accounts
and other statistics used for the long-term
measures become available.
For additional information on this se
ries, contact the Division of Foreign Labor
Statistics: (202) 691-5654.
O ccupational Injury
and Illness Data
(Tables 50-51)
Survey of Occupational
Injuries and Illnesses
Act, employers maintain records of nonfatal
work-related injuries and illnesses that in
volve one or more of the following: loss of
consciousness, restriction of work or motion,
transfer to another job, or medical treatment
other than first aid.
Occupational injury is any injury such as
a cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation that re
sults from a work-related event or a single, in
stantaneous exposure in the work environment.
Occupational illness is an abnormal con
dition or disorder, other than one resulting from
an occupational injury, caused by exposure to
factors associated with employment. It in
cludes acute and chronic illnesses or disease
which may be caused by inhalation, absorp
tion, ingestion, or direct contact.
Lost workday injuries and illnesses are
cases that involve days away from work, or
days of restricted work activity, or both.
Lost workdays include the number of
workdays (consecutive or not) on which
the employee was either away from work
or at work in some restricted capacity, or
both, because of an occupational injury or
illness, bls measures of the number and
incidence rate of lost workdays were dis
continued beginning with the 1993 sur
vey. The number of days away from
work or days of restricted work activity
does not include the day of injury or on
set of illness or any days on which the
employee would not have worked, such
as a Federal holiday, even though able to
work.
Incidence rates are computed as the num
ber of injuries and/or illnesses or lost work
days per 100 full-time workers.
Description of the series
Notes on the data
The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Ill
nesses collects data from employers about their
workers’ job-related nonfatal injuries and ill
nesses. The information that employers pro
vide is based on records that they maintain un
der the Occupational Safety and Health Act of
1970. Self-employed individuals, farms with
fewer than 11 employees, employers regulated
by other Federal safety and health laws, and
Federal, State, and local government agencies
are excluded from the survey.
The survey is a Federal-State coopera
tive program with an independent sample
selected for each participating State. A strati
fied random sample with a Neyman alloca
tion is selected to represent all private in
dustries in the State. The survey is strati
fied by Standard Industrial Classification
and size of employment.
The definitions of occupational injuries and
illnesses are from Recordkeeping Guidelines
for Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (U.S.
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Sta
tistics, September 1986).
Estimates are made for industries and em
ployment size classes for total recordable cases,
lost workday cases, days away from work
cases, and nonfatal cases without lost work
days. These data also are shown separately for
injuries. Illness data are available for seven cat
egories: occupational skin diseases or disorders,
dust diseases of the lungs, respiratory condi
tions due to toxic agents, poisoning (systemic
effects of toxic agents), disorders due to physi
cal agents (other than toxic materials), disorders
associated with repeated trauma, and all other
occupational illnesses.
The survey continues to measure the num
ber of new work-related illness cases which
are recognized, diagnosed, and reported during
the year. Some conditions, for example, long
term latent illnesses caused by exposure to car-
Definitions
Under the Occupational Safety and Health
August 2003
cinogens, often are difficult to relate to the
workplace and are not adequately recognized
and reported. These long-term latent illnesses
are believed to be understated in the survey’s
illness measure. In contrast, the overwhelming
majority of the reported new illnesses are those
which are easier to directly relate to workplace
activity (for example, contact dermatitis and
carpal tunnel syndrome).
Most of the estimates are in the form of
incidence rates, defined as the number of
injuries and illnesses per 100 equivalent
full-tim e workers. For this purpose,
200,000 employee hours represent 100
employee years (2,000 hours per em
ployee). Full detail on the available mea
sures is presented in the annual bulletin,
Occupational Injuries and Illnesses:
Counts, Rates, and Characteristics.
Comparable data for more than 40 States
and territories are available from the bls Of
fice of Safety, Health and Working Condi
tions. Many of these States publish data on
State and local government employees in ad
dition to private industry data.
Mining and railroad data are furnished to
bls by the Mine Safety and Health Adminis
tration and the Federal Railroad Administra
tion. Data from these organizations are in
cluded in both the national and State data
published annually.
With the 1992 survey, BLS began publish
ing details on serious, nonfatal incidents re
sulting in days away from work. Included are
some major characteristics of the injured and
ill workers, such as occupation, age, gender,
race, and length of service, as well as the
circumstances of their injuries and illnesses
(nature of the disabling condition, part of
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
body affected, event and exposure, and the
source directly producing the condition). In
general, these data are available nationwide
for detailed industries and for individual
States at more aggregated industry levels.
For additional information on occu
pational injuries and illnesses, contact the Of
fice of Occupational Safety, Health and Work
ing Conditions at (202) 691-6180, or access
the Internet at:
http ://www.bls.gov/iif/
Census of Fatal
Occupational Injuries
The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries
compiles a complete roster of fatal job-re
lated injuries, including detailed data about
the fatally injured workers and the fatal
events. The program collects and cross
checks fatality information from multiple
sources, including death certificates, State
and Federal workers’ compensation reports,
Occupational Safety and Health Administra
tion and Mine Safety and Health Adminis
tration records, medical examiner and au
topsy reports, media accounts, State motor
vehicle fatality records, and follow-up ques
tionnaires to employers.
In addition to private wage and salary
workers, the self-employed, family members,
and Federal, State, and local government
workers are covered by the program. To be
included in the fatality census, the decedent
must have been employed (that is working
for pay, compensation, or profit) at the time
of the event, engaged in a legal work activity,
or present at the site of the incident as a re
quirement of his or her job.
Definition
A fatal work injury is any intentional or
unintentional wound or damage to the
body resulting in death from acute expo
sure to energy, such as heat or electricity,
or kinetic energy from a crash, or from the
absence of such essentials as heat or oxy
gen caused by a specific event or incident
or series of events within a single work
day or shift. Fatalities that occur during a
person’s commute to or from work are ex
cluded from the census, as well as workrelated illnesses, which can be difficult
to identify due to long latency periods.
Notes on the d ata
Twenty-eight data elements are collected,
coded, and tabulated in the fatality pro
gram, including information about the fa
tally injured worker, the fatal incident, and
the machinery or equipment involved.
Summary worker demographic data and
event characteristics are included in a na
tional news release that is available about
8 months after the end of the reference
year. The Census of Fatal Occupational
Injuries was initiated in 1992 as a joint
Federal-State effort. Most States issue
summary information at the time of the
national news release.
F or additional information on the
Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries con
tact the bls Office of Safety, Health, and
Working Conditions at (202) 691-6175, or
the Internet at: http://www.bls.gov/iify
Where to find additional data
Current and historical statistics from Bureau of Labor Statistics surveys are
available at the addresses listed on the inside back cover of this Review, or on
the Internet at
http://www.bls.gov
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
61
□□□□□00 □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ :
□ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □
□ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □
1. Labor market indicators
Selected indicators
2001
2001
2002
II
2002
III
IV
1
II
2003
III
IV
1
II
Employment data
E m p lo ym e n t status of th e civilian noninstitutional
population (hou sehold s u rve y):1
L abor force participation ra te ...........................................................
6 6 .8
6 6 .6
6 6 .8
6 6 .7
6 6 .8
6 6 .6
6 6 .7
6 6 .6
6 6 .5
6 6 .3
6 6 .4
E m p lo ym ent-po pulation ratio ....................................................................
6 3 .7
6 2 .7
6 3 .8
6 3 .5
6 3 .0
6 2 .8
6 2 .8
6 2 .8
6 2 .5
6 2 .4
6 2 .3
4 .7
5 .8
4 .4
4 .8
5 .6
5 .6
5.9
5 .8
5 .9
5 .8
6 .2
4 .8
5 .9
4 .5
4 .9
5 .7
5 .7
6 .0
5 .9
6.1
6 .0
6 .5
11.4
1 2.8
1 1.2
11.4
12.7
12.9
12.8
13.1
1 2.5
1 2 .4
1 4 .2
U n e m p lo ym e n t r a te ............................................................................
M e n .......................................................................
16 to 2 4 y e a rs .........................................................................
2 5 y e a rs a n d o ld e r..................................................................................
3 .6
4 .7
3 .4
3 .7
4 .4
4 .5
4 .8
4 .7
4 .9
4 .9
5 .3
4 .7
5 .6
4 .3
4 .8
5 .5
5 .5
5 .7
5 .6
5 .7
5 .5
5 .7
16 to 2 4 y e a rs ....................................................................................
9 .6
11.1
9 .2
10.1
10.7
1 1.0
11.2
10.9
11.4
11.1
1 1 .9
2 5 y e a rs a n d o ld e r............................................................................
3 .7
4 .6
3 .4
3 .8
4 .4
4 .4
4 .8
4 .6
4 .6
4 .4
4 .6
W o m e n .............................................................................
E m plo ym ent, n onfarm (payroll d a ta ), in thou sands:1
T o ta l n o n farm .............................................................................
T o ta l p riva te .....................................................................................
G o o d s -p ro d u c in g .......................................................................................
1 3 1 ,8 2 6
1 3 0 ,3 7 6
1 3 2 ,1 8 0
1 3 1 ,7 1 2
1 3 0 ,9 2 0
1 3 0 ,5 2 3
1 3 0 ,4 0 3
1 3 0 ,2 3 9
1 3 0 ,3 3 8
1 3 0 ,2 2 5
1 2 9 ,9 8 4
1 1 0 ,7 0 7
1 0 8 ,8 8 6
1 1 1 ,1 2 9
1 1 0 ,5 1 6
1 0 9 ,5 9 3
1 0 9 ,1 0 5
1 0 8 ,9 1 8
1 0 8 ,7 5 5
1 0 8 ,7 9 2
1 0 8 ,6 5 5
1 0 8 ,4 8 8
2 2 ,0 9 3
2 3 ,8 7 3
2 2 ,6 1 9
2 4 ,1 1 8
2 3 ,6 8 4
2 3 ,2 2 6
2 2 ,8 8 0
2 2 ,6 7 3
2 2 ,5 3 7
2 2 ,3 8 9
2 2 ,2 1 3
M a n u fa c tu rin g .................................................................................
16,441
1 5 ,3 0 6
16,661
1 6 ,2 4 3
1 5 ,8 3 3
1 5 ,5 1 7
1 5 ,3 6 9
1 5 ,2 4 6
1 5 ,0 8 5
1 4 ,9 2 6
1 4 ,7 4 4
S erv ice -p ro v id in g ..................................................................................
1 0 7 ,9 5 2
1 0 7 ,7 5 7
1 0 8 ,0 6 3
1 0 8 ,0 2 8
1 0 7 ,6 9 4
1 0 7 ,6 4 3
1 0 7 ,7 3 0
1 0 7 ,7 0 2
1 0 7 ,9 4 9
1 0 8 ,0 1 2
1 07 ,89 1
A v e ra g e hours:
T o ta l p riv a te ................................................................................
M a n u fa c tu rin g ..............................................................................
O v e rtim e .............................................................................
3 4 .0
3 3 .9
3 4 .0
3 3 .9
3 3 .8
3 3 .9
3 3 .9
3 3 .9
3 3 .8
3 3 .8
3 3 .7
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
40.1
4 0 .4
4 0 .6
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
4 0 .2
4 .0
4 .2
4.1
4 .0
3 .8
4 .0
4 .2
4 .2
4 .3
4 .3
4 .0
.8
Employment Cost Index2
P erc en t c h a n g e in th e E C I, com pensation:
All w o rke rs (excluding fa rm , household and Federal w o rkers)......
P rivate in dustry w o rk e rs ...........................................................
G ood s -p ro d u c in g 3..................................................................................
S ervice-providing3..................................................................................
4.1
3 .4
.9
12
.8
1.0
.9
.9
.6
1.4
4 .2
3 .2
1.0
.9
.8
1.1
1.1
.6
.4
1.7
.8
3 .8
3 .7
.9
.7
.8
1.2
.9
.6
.9
1.8
.9
4 .3
3.1
1.0
1.0
.8
1.1
1.2
.6
.2
1 .5
.8
4 .2
4.1
.6
2.1
.6
.6
.4
2 .2
.9
.7
.4
U n io n .....................................................................................................
4 .2
4 .2
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.1
1.0
1.2
.9
1 .6
1 .2
N o n u n io n ......................................................................................
4.1
3 .2
1.0
.9
.7
1.1
1.1
.5
.4
1.6
.8
S ta te a n d local g o v ern m e n t w orkers
W o rk e rs by b argaining s tatus (private industry):
1 Q u a rte rly d a ta sea so n ally adjusted.
2 Annual c h a n g e s are D e c e m b e r-to -D ec e m b er changes. Q uarterly c hanges a re calculated usin g the last m onth of e ach quarter.
3 G ood s-p ro d u cin g In dustries include mining, construction, and m anufacturing. S ervice-providing industries Include all other private sector Industries.
NO TE:
B eginning in J a n u a ry 2 0 0 3 , household survey da ta reflect revised population controls. N onfarm da ta reflect the conversion to the 2 0 0 2 version of th e North A m erican Industry
Classification S ys te m (NAICS), replacing th e S ta n d ard Industrial Classification (SIC) system . NAiCS-based d a ta by Industry a re not com parable with S ic -b a s ed d ata.
62
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
2. Annual and quarterly percent changes in compensation, prices, and productivity
IV
III
II
2003
2002
2001
Selected measures
IV
III
II
I
II
I
Compensation data1,2
E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x — c o m p e n s a tio n (w a g e s ,
s a la rie s , b e n e fits ):
4.1
3 .4
0 .9
1 .2
0 .8
1 .0
0 .9
0 .9
0 .6
1 .4
0 .8
4 .2
3 .2
1.0
.9
.8
1.1
1.1
.6
.4
1 .7
.8
E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x — w a g e s a n d s ala rie s :
3 .7
2 .9
.9
1.0
.7
.9
.8
.7
.4
1 .0
.6
3 .8
2 .7
1.0
.8
.8
.9
1 .0
.4
.3
1.1
.7
3 .4
1 .2
1.0
.2
-.9
.7
.5
.6
-.1
1 .8
-.3
-.8
Price data1
C o n s u m e r P ric e In d e x (All U rb a n C o n s u m e rs ): All Ite m s .......
P ro d u c e r P ric e In d e x :
-1 .8
-1 .2
.8
-.3
-3 .2
1.1
.2
.2
-.1
3 .7
-2 .4
-1 .6
1.0
-.3
-4 .3
1 .5
.4
.0
-.3
2 .4
1 .8
1.0
-.4
- 7 .1
-.1
.1
2 .9
-.3
-.7
.6
.6
-.6
-.2
-1 .2
.6
-1 .0
-3 .6
.9
1.1
1.1
.1
6 .5
-2 .1
-8 .8
-1 0 .6
-6 .6
-1 2 .0
-1 2 .2
8 .0
37.1
1 .9
6 .5
2 8 .0
- 1 0 .6
2 .0
5 .3
1 .5
3 .3
8 .7
8 .7
.8
5 .9
1 .5
2 .7
7 .2
1 .9
5 .4
1 .6
3 .4
8 .3
9 .3
1.0
5 .9
1 .7
2.1
6 .8
2 .0
5 .8
4 .7
4 .4
1 0 .8
5 .5
3.1
3 .8
4 .3
8.1
Productivity data3
O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f all p e rsons:
1
Annual
changes
a re
D e c e m b e r-to -D e c e m b e r
c a lc u la te d u s in g th e la s t m o n th o f e a c h q u a rte r.
changes.
changes
a re
C o m p e n s a tio n a n d price d a ta a re not
s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d , a n d th e price d a ta a r e n o t c o m p o u n d e d .
2 E x c lu d e s F e d e r a l a n d p riva te h o u s e h o ld w o rk e rs .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Q u a rte rly
3 A n n u a l ra te s
5 .0
of ch an g e
a re
c o m p u te d
by c o m p a rin g
a n n u a l a v e ra g e s .
Q u a rte rly p e rc e n t c h a n g e s re fle c t a n n u a l ra te s of c h a n g e in q u a rte rly in d e x e s .
T h e d a ta a r e s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d .
4 O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f all e m p lo y e e s .
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
63
Current Labor Statistics:
Comparative Indicators
3. Alternative measures of wage and compensation changes
Quarterly average
Components
Four quarters ending
2002
II
III
2003
IV
1
2002
II
II
2003
III
IV
I
II
A v e r a g e ho u rly c o m p e n s a tio n :1
All p e rs o n s , b u s in e s s s e c to r......................................................................
4 0
?1
All p e rs o n s , n o n fa rm b u s in es s s e c to r.......................................................
3 .9
2 .0
1 .6
4.1
3 .8
3 .0
2 .9
2 .9
E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x — c o m p en s a tio n :
C iv ilia n n o n fa rm 2 .........................................................
.9
.9
.6
.8
1 .4
4 .0
3 .7
3 .4
3 .9
1.1
.6
.4
.8
1 .7
4 .0
3 .7
3 .2
3 .8
3 .5
U n io n ...................................................................................
1 .0
1 .2
.9
1 .6
1.2
4 .5
4 .7
4 .2
4 .7
5 .0
N o n u n io n .................................................................................................
1.1
.5
.4
1 .6
.8
3 .9
3 .5
3 .2
3 .6
3 .3
.4
2 .2
.9
.7
.4
3 .6
3 .8
4.1
4 .2
4.1
.6
2 .7
P riv a te n o n fa rm ................................................................................
S ta te a n d local g o v e r n m e n ts ......................................................................
3 .7
E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x — w a g e s a n d s ala rie s :
C iv ilia n n o n fa rm 2 ........................................................................
P riv a te n o n fa rm ............................................................................................
U n io n ...............................................................................................
N o n u n io n ..............................................................................
S ta te a n d lo ca l g o v e r n m e n ts ......................................................................
.8
.7
.4
1 .0
3 .5
3 .2
2 .9
2 .9
1 .0
.4
.3
1.1
.7
3 .6
3 .2
2 .7
3 .0
2 .6
.9
1 .0
.8
.5
.7
4 .2
4 .3
3 .5
3 .3
3 .0
1 .0
.4
.3
1.2
.7
3 .5
3.1
2 .7
2 .9
2 .5
.3
1 .8
.6
.4
.3
3 .2
3.1
3 .2
3.1
3.1
' S e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d . "Q u a rte rly a v e ra g e " is p e rc e n t c h a n g e fro m a q u a rte r a g o , a t a n a n n u a l ra te.
2 E x c lu d e s F e d e r a l a n d h o u s e h o ld w o rke rs .
64
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
.
4. Employment status of the population, by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status
2003
2002
Annual average
2001
2002
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
2 1 5 ,0 9 2
2 1 7 ,5 7 0
2 1 7 ,4 0 7
2 1 7 ,6 3 0
2 1 7 ,8 6 6
2 1 8 ,1 0 7
2 1 8 ,3 4 0
2 1 8 ,5 4 8
2 18 ,7 4 1
2 1 9 ,3 9 7
2 2 0 ,1 1 4
2 2 0 ,3 1 7
2 2 0 ,5 4 0
2 2 0 ,7 6 8
2 2 1 ,0 1 4
p o p u la tio n 1...............................
1 4 3 ,7 3 4
1 4 4 ,8 6 3
1 4 4 ,8 5 2
1 4 4 ,7 8 6
1 4 5 ,1 2 3
1 4 5 ,6 3 4
1 4 5 ,3 9 3
1 4 5 ,1 8 0
1 4 5 ,1 5 0
1 4 5 ,8 3 8
1 4 5 ,8 5 7
1 4 5 ,7 9 3
1 4 6 ,4 7 3
1 4 6 ,4 8 5
1 4 7 ,0 9 6
Civilian lab o r fo rc e .................
6 6 .8
6 6 .6
6 6 .6
6 6 .5
6 6 .6
6 6 .8
6 6 .6
6 6 .4
6 6 .4
6 6 .3
6 6 .3
6 6 .2
6 6 .4
6 6 .4
6 6 .6
Participatio n r a te ...........
1 3 6 ,9 3 3
1 3 6 ,4 8 5
1 3 6 ,3 8 3
1 3 6 ,3 4 3
1 3 6 ,7 5 7
1 3 7 ,3 1 2
1 3 6 ,9 8 8
1 3 6 ,5 4 2
1 3 6 ,4 3 9
1 3 7 ,5 3 6
1 3 7 ,4 0 8
1 3 7 ,3 4 8
1 3 7 ,6 8 7
1 3 7 ,4 8 7
1 3 7 ,7 3 8
E m p lo y e d .............................
TOTAL
C iv ilia n noninstitutional
E m p lo y m e n t-p o p
6 3 .7
6 2 .7
6 2 .7
6 2 .6
6 2 .8
6 3 .0
6 2 .7
6 2 .5
6 2 .4
6 2 .5
6 2 .4
6 2 .3
6 2 .4
6 2 .3
6 2 .3
ulation ratio2................
6,8 0 1
8 ,3 7 8
8 ,4 6 9
8 ,4 4 3
8 ,3 6 6
8,321
8 ,4 0 5
8 ,6 3 7
8,711
8 ,3 0 2
8 ,4 5 0
8 ,4 4 5
8 ,7 8 6
8 ,9 9 8
9 ,3 5 8
U n e m p lo y e d .......................
U n e m p lo y m e n t rate...,
4 .7
5 .8
5 .8
5 .8
5 .8
5 .7
5 .8
5 .9
6 .0
5 .7
5 .8
5 .8
6 .0
6.1
6 .4
7 1 ,3 5 9
7 2 ,7 0 7
7 2 ,5 5 6
7 2 ,8 4 4
7 2 ,7 4 3
7 2 ,4 7 3
7 2 ,9 4 7
7 3 ,3 6 9
73,5 91
7 4 ,0 5 9
7 4 ,2 5 7
7 4 ,5 2 4
7 4 ,0 6 7
7 4 ,2 8 3
7 3 ,9 1 8
N o t in th e lab o r fo rc e ........ .
9 5 ,1 8 1
9 6 ,4 3 9
9 6 ,3 7 5
9 6 ,4 6 8
9 6 ,5 5 2
9 6 ,7 3 2
9 6 ,8 6 0
9 7 ,0 2 2
9 7 ,1 3 9
9 7 ,6 3 5
9 7 ,7 6 2
9 7 ,8 6 9
9 7 ,9 7 9
9 8 ,0 8 3
9 8 ,1 9 6
p o p u la tio n 1...............................
7 2 ,8 1 6
7 3 ,6 3 0
7 3 ,6 8 9
7 3 ,6 7 0
7 3 ,8 0 2
7 4 ,1 0 8
7 3 ,8 8 3
7 3 ,7 7 0
7 3 ,7 4 4
7 3 ,9 9 3
7 4 ,2 5 4
7 4 ,2 3 6
7 4,5 71
7 4 ,5 0 6
7 4 ,6 9 2
Civilian lab o r fo rc e ................
7 6 .5
7 6 .3
7 6 .5
7 6 .4
7 6 .4
7 6 .6
7 6 .3
7 6 .0
7 5 .9
7 5 .8
7 6 .0
7 5 .9
76.1
7 6 .0
/6 .1
P articipatio n r a te ......... .
6 9 ,7 7 6
6 9 ,7 3 4
6 9 ,7 3 9
6 9 ,7 9 2
6 9 ,8 9 5
7 0 ,2 1 3
6 9,921
6 9 ,6 1 7
6 9 ,6 0 0
6 9 ,9 6 7
7 0 ,2 9 3
7 0 ,2 9 3
7 0 ,3 6 4
7 0 ,1 4 4
7 0 ,1 3 0
Men, 20 years and over
C iv ilia n noninstitutional
E m p lo y e d ...........................
E m p lo y m e n t-p o p
7 3 .3
7 2 .3
7 2 .4
7 2 .3
7 2 .4
7 2 .6
7 2 .2
7 1 .8
7 1 .6
7 1 .7
7 1 .9
7 1 .8
7 1 .8
7 1 .5
7 1 .4
ulation ratio2...............
3 ,0 4 0
3 ,8 9 6
3 ,9 5 0
3 ,8 7 9
3 ,9 0 6
3 ,8 9 5
3 ,9 6 2
4 ,1 5 3
4 ,1 4 5
4 ,0 2 6
3 ,9 6 2
3 ,9 4 4
4 ,2 0 7
4 ,3 6 2
4 ,5 6 2
U n e m p lo y e d ......................
U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te ...
4 .2
5 .3
5 .4
5 .3
5 .3
5 .3
5 .4
5 .6
5 .6
5 .4
5 .3
5 .3
5 .6
5 .9
6.1
2 2 ,3 6 5
2 2 ,8 0 9
2 2 ,6 8 6
2 2 ,7 9 7
2 2 ,7 5 0
2 2 ,6 2 3
2 2 ,9 7 7
2 3 ,2 5 2
2 3 ,3 9 4
2 3 ,6 4 2
2 3 ,5 0 8
2 3 ,6 3 2
2 3 ,4 0 8
2 3 ,5 7 7
2 3 ,5 0 4
N o t in th e lab o r fo rc e .........
1 0 3 ,9 8 3
1 0 5 ,1 3 6
1 0 5 ,0 8 9
1 0 5 ,1 9 0
1 0 5 ,3 3 4
105 ,42 1
1 0 5 ,5 0 9
1 0 5 ,5 9 4
1 0 5 ,6 7 8
1 0 6 ,2 3 5
1 0 6 ,3 2 2
106 ,41 1
1 0 6 ,5 1 0
1 0 6 ,6 1 3
1 0 6 ,7 2 4
6 3 ,7 6 0
6 3 ,8 5 8
6 3 ,9 7 5
63,9 21
6 4 ,0 3 6
6 4 ,4 7 9
6 4 ,3 1 0
6 4 ,4 7 7
6 4 ,6 7 7
6 4 ,7 3 3
6 5 ,1 4 8
Women, 20 years and over
C iv ilia n noninstitutional
p o p u la tio n 1...............................
C ivilian labo r fo rc e ................ .
6 3 ,0 1 6
6 3 ,6 4 8
6 3 ,5 5 6
6 3 ,5 3 4
P articipatio n r a te ...........
6 0 .6
6 0 .5
6 0 .5
6 0 .4
6 0 .5
6 0 .6
6 0 .6
6 0 .5
6 0 .6
6 0 .7
6 0 .5
6 0 .6
6 0 .7
6 0 .7
6 1 .0
6 0 ,4 1 7
6 0 ,4 2 0
6 0 ,3 2 0
6 0 ,2 6 2
6 0,5 81
6 0 ,6 7 5
6 0 ,6 6 8
6 0 ,6 9 7
6 0 ,6 7 6
6 1 ,4 4 3
6 1 ,0 7 3
6 1 ,2 2 7
6 1,4 01
6 1 ,4 3 6
6 1 ,7 5 3
E m p lo y e d .............................
E m p lo ym e n t-p o p
58.1
5 7 .5
5 7 .4
5 7 .3
5 7 .5
5 7 .6
5 7 .5
5 7 .5
5 7 .4
5 7 .8
5 7 .4
5 7 .5
5 7 .6
5 7 .6
5 7 .9
ulation ratio2................
2 ,5 9 9
3 ,2 2 8
3 ,2 3 6
3 ,2 7 2
3 ,1 8 0
3 ,1 8 4
3 ,3 0 8
3 ,2 2 4
3 ,3 6 0
3 ,0 3 5
3 ,2 3 7
3 ,2 5 0
3 ,2 7 6
3 ,2 9 7
3 ,3 9 5
U n e m p lo y e d .......................
U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te ...
4.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5 .0
5 .0
5 .2
5 .0
5 .2
4 .7
5 .0
5 .0
5.1
5.1
5 .2
4 0 ,9 6 7
4 1 ,4 8 8
4 1 ,5 3 3
4 1 ,6 5 6
4 1 ,5 7 4
4 1 ,5 6 3
4 1 ,5 3 3
4 1 ,6 7 3
4 1 ,6 4 2
4 1 ,7 5 7
4 2 ,0 1 3
4 1 ,9 3 3
4 1 ,8 3 4
4 1 ,8 8 0
4 1 ,5 7 6
N o t in th e lab o r fo rc e ..........
1 5 ,9 2 9
1 5 ,9 9 4
1 5 ,9 4 3
1 5 ,9 7 2
1 5 ,9 8 0
1 5 ,9 5 4
15,971
1 5 ,9 3 3
1 5 ,9 2 5
1 6 ,0 2 7
1 6 ,0 3 0
1 6 ,0 3 8
1 6,051
1 6 ,0 7 2
1 6 ,0 9 5
p o p u la tio n 1..............................
C ivilian lab o r fo rc e ................
7 ,9 0 2
7 ,5 8 5
7 ,6 0 7
7,581
7,561
7 ,6 6 7
7 ,5 3 5
7 ,4 8 9
7 ,3 6 9
7 ,3 6 6
7 ,2 9 3
7 ,0 7 9
7 ,2 2 6
7 ,2 4 6
7 ,2 5 6
P articipatio n ra te .........
4 9 .6
4 7 .4
4 7 .7
4 7 .5
4 7 .3
48.1
4 7 .2
4 7 .0
4 6 .3
4 6 .0
4 5 .5
44.1
4 5 .0
45.1
4 5.1
6 ,7 4 0
6 ,3 3 2
6 ,3 2 4
6 ,2 8 9
6 ,2 8 0
6 ,4 2 5
6 ,4 0 0
6 ,2 2 8
6 ,1 6 4
6 ,1 2 5
6 ,0 4 2
5 ,8 2 9
5 ,9 2 3
5 ,9 0 7
5 ,8 5 5
E m p lo y e d ...........................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
C iv ilia n noninstitutional
E m p lo ym e n t-p o p
4 2 .3
3 9 .6
3 9 .7
3 9 .4
3 9 .3
4 0 .3
40.1
39.1
3 8 .7
3 8 .2
3 7 .7
3 6 .3
3 6 .9
3 6 .8
3 6 .4
ulation ratio2..............
U n e m p lo y e d ......................
1 ,1 6 2
1 ,2 5 3
1 ,2 8 3
1 ,2 9 2
1 ,2 8 0
1 ,2 4 3
1 ,1 3 5
1,261
1 ,2 0 6
1,241
1,251
1,251
1 ,3 0 3
1 ,3 3 9
1,401
N o t in th e lab o r fo rc e ..
1 4 .7
1 6 .5
1 6 .9
1 7 .0
1 6.9
1 6 .2
15.1
1 6 .8
1 6 .4
1 6.8
17.1
1 7.7
1 8 .0
1 8 .5
1 9 .3
8 ,0 2 7
8 ,4 0 9
8 ,3 3 7
8,391
8 ,4 1 9
8 ,2 8 7
8 ,4 3 6
8 ,4 4 4
8 ,5 5 5
8,661
8 ,7 3 6
8 ,9 5 9
8 ,8 2 5
8 ,8 2 6
8 ,8 3 9
White3
C iv ilia n noninstitutional
178 ,11 1
1 7 9 ,7 8 3
1 7 9 ,6 6 5
1 7 9 ,8 1 6
1 7 9 ,9 7 9
1 8 0 ,1 4 6
1 8 0 ,3 0 6
1 8 0 ,4 5 0
1 8 0 ,5 8 0
1 8 0 ,4 6 0
1 8 0 ,5 9 9
1 8 0 ,7 2 8
1 8 0 ,8 7 3
181 ,02 1
1 8 1 ,1 8 4
p o p u la tio n 1........................
Civilian labo r fo rc e ...........
. 1 1 9 ,3 9 9
1 2 0 ,1 5 0
1 2 0 ,1 5 2
1 2 0 ,2 7 2
1 2 0 ,4 4 9
1 2 0 ,5 0 2
1 2 0 ,4 7 9
1 2 0 ,3 4 5
1 2 0 ,0 9 3
1 2 0 ,0 8 4
1 2 0 ,1 6 6
1 2 0 ,2 0 0
1 2 0 ,5 7 5
1 2 0 ,4 2 0
1 20 ,8 8 1
P articipatio n ra te ....
6 7 .0
6 6 .8
6 6 .9
6 6 .9
6 6 .9
6 6 .9
6 6 .8
6 6 .7
6 6 .5
6 6 .5
6 6 .5
6 6 .5
6 6 .7
6 6 .5
6 6 .7
1 1 4 ,4 3 0
1 1 4 ,0 1 3
113 ,95 1
1 1 4 ,0 0 8
1 1 4 ,2 5 0
1 1 4 ,3 7 3
1 1 4 ,2 9 4
1 1 4 ,1 2 8
1 1 3 ,9 1 0
1 1 3 ,9 9 5
1 1 4 ,1 3 5
1 1 4 ,0 8 9
1 1 4 ,2 8 6
1 1 3 ,8 8 2
1 1 4 ,2 0 3
E m p lo y e d ......................
.
E m p lo y m e n t-p o p
6 4 .2
6 3 .4
6 3 .4
6 3 .4
6 3 .5
6 3 .5
6 3 .4
6 3 .2
63.1
6 3 .2
6 3 .2
63.1
6 3 .2
6 2 .9
6 3 .0
ulation ratio2.........
4 ,9 6 9
6 ,1 3 7
6 ,201
6 ,2 6 4
6 ,1 9 9
6 ,1 2 9
6 ,1 8 4
6 ,2 1 8
6 ,1 8 4
6 ,0 8 9
6,031
6 ,111
6 ,2 8 9
6 ,5 3 9
6 ,6 7 8
U n e m p lo y e d .................
.
4 .2
5.1
5 .2
5 .2
5.1
5.1
5.1
5 .2
5.1
5.1
5 .0
5.1
5 .2
5 .4
5 .5
5 8 ,7 1 3
5 9 ,6 3 3
5 9 ,5 1 3
5 9 ,5 4 5
5 9 ,5 3 0
5 9 ,6 4 4
5 9 ,8 2 8
6 0 ,1 0 4
6 0 ,4 8 7
6 0 ,3 7 6
6 0 ,4 3 2
6 0 ,5 2 8
6 0 ,2 9 8
6 0,6 0 1
6 0 ,3 0 3
2 5 ,1 3 8
2 5 ,5 7 8
2 5 ,5 5 2
2 5,5 91
2 5 ,6 3 3
2 5 ,6 7 5
2 5 ,7 1 7
2 5,7 51
2 5 ,7 8 4
2 5 ,4 8 4
2 5 ,5 1 9
2 5 ,5 5 2
2 5 ,5 8 7
2 5 ,6 2 4
2 5 ,6 6 4
1 6,421
1 6 ,5 6 5
1 6 ,5 7 0
1 6 ,3 9 0
16,541
1 6 ,7 8 9
1 6 ,6 8 2
1 6 ,5 4 0
1 6 ,7 0 6
1 6 ,3 7 4
1 6 ,3 9 5
1 6 ,2 9 6
1 6,521
1 6 ,6 1 8
1 6 ,7 1 7
6 5 .3
6 4 .8
6 4 .8
6 4 .0
6 4 .5
6 5 .4
6 4 .9
6 4 .2
6 4 .8
6 4 .3
6 4 .2
6 3 .8
6 4 .6
6 4 .9
65.1
1 5 ,0 0 6
1 4 ,8 7 2
1 4 ,7 2 3
1 4 ,8 1 9
1 4 ,7 4 6
C iv ilia n noninstitutional
p o p u la tio n 1.........................
C ivilian labo r fo rc e ..........
..
P articipatio n ra te ....
E m p lo y e d ......................
..
1 4 ,8 1 6
1 4 ,7 6 3
1 4 ,9 0 7
1 5 ,1 4 8
1 5 ,0 2 7
1 4 ,7 5 4
1 4 ,8 2 7
1 4 ,6 8 4
1 4 ,6 6 9
14,641
E m p lo ym e n t-p o p
5 9 .7
58.1
5 8 .0
5 7 .7
5 8 .2
5 9 .0
5 8 .4
5 7 .3
5 7 .5
5 7 .6
5 7 .5
5 7 .3
5 7 .5
5 7 .8
5 7 .5
ulation ratio2.........
1 ,4 1 6
1 ,6 9 3
1 ,7 5 4
1 ,6 2 7
1 ,6 3 4
1,641
1 ,6 5 6
1 ,7 8 6
1 ,8 7 9
1 ,6 9 0
1 ,7 2 6
1 ,6 5 5
1 ,7 9 7
1 ,7 9 9
1,971
U n e m p lo y e d .................
N o t in th e lab o r force,
8 .6
1 0 .2
8 ,7 1 7
9 ,0 1 3
1 0.6
8 ,9 8 2 I
9.9
9 .9
9 .8
9 .9
1 0 .8
1 1 .2
1 0 .3
1 0 .5
1 0.2
10.9
10 .8
1 1 .8
9 ,201
9 .0 9 2
8 ,8 8 6
9 ,0 3 4
9 ,211
9 ,0 7 8
9 ,1 1 0
9 ,1 2 4
9 ,2 5 6
9 ,0 6 6
9 ,0 0 7
8 ,9 4 7
S e e foo tn o te s a t e n d of ta b le.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
65
Current Labor Statistics:
Labor Force Data
4. Continued— Employment status of the population, by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status
2003
2002
Annual average
2001
2002
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov
Dec.
Jan.
o o D u la tio n 1................................
2 4 ,9 4 2
2 5 ,9 6 3
2 5 ,9 1 7
2 6 ,0 0 8
2 6 ,0 9 6
2 6 ,1 8 4
2 6 ,2 7 2
2 6 ,3 5 5
2 6 ,4 3 6
2 6 ,9 9 4
C iv ilia n la b o r fo r c e .................
1 7 ,3 2 8
1 7 ,9 4 3
1 7 ,8 9 1
1 8 ,0 4 5
1 8 ,0 3 0
1 8 ,1 0 3
1 8 ,0 4 9
1 8 ,1 6 9
1 8 ,1 3 4
1 8 ,6 1 4
P artic ip a tio n r a te ...........
6 9 .5
6 9 .1
6 9 .0
6 9 .4
6 9.1
6 9.1
6 8 .7
6 8 .9
6 8 .6
6 9 .0
E m p lo y e d ..............................
1 6 ,1 9 0
1 6 ,5 9 0
1 6 ,5 7 3
1 6 ,6 8 5
1 6 ,6 6 4
1 6 ,7 3 9
1 6 ,6 3 7
1 6 ,7 5 5
1 6 ,7 0 8
1 7 ,1 5 5
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
28
2 7 ,1 9 1
2 7 ,2 9 1
2 7 ,3 9 1
2 7 ,4 9 4
1 8 ,6 5 8
1 8 ,6 1 4
1 8 ,8 3 6
1 8 ,8 1 1
1 8 ,8 5 6
6 8 .9
6 8 .5
6 9 .0
6 8 .7
6 8 .6
1 7 ,2 2 3
1 7 ,2 1 5
1 7 ,4 2 8
1 7 ,2 6 4
1 7 ,2 7 1
Feb
Hispanic or Latino
e th n ic ity
C iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l
E m p lo y m e n t-p o p u la tio n ra tio 2................
6 4 .9
6 3 .9
6 3 .9
6 4 .2
6 3 .9
6 3 .9
6 3 .3
6 3 .6
6 3 .2
6 3 .5
6 3 .6
6 3 .3
6 3 .9
6 3 .0
6 2 .8
U n e m p lo y e d ........................
1 ,1 3 8
1 ,3 5 3
1 ,3 1 8
1 ,3 6 0
1 ,3 6 6
1 ,3 6 3
1 ,4 1 2
1 ,4 1 4
1 ,4 2 5
1 ,4 5 9
1 ,4 3 6
1 ,3 9 9
1 ,4 0 8
1 ,5 4 8
1 ,5 8 6
U n e m p lo y m e n t r a te ....
6 .6
7 .5
7 .4
7 .5
7 .6
7 .5
7 .8
7 .8
7 .9
7 .8
7 .7
7 .5
7 .5
8 .2
8 .4
N o t in th e la b o r fo r c e ............
7 ,6 1 4
8 ,0 2 0
8 ,0 2 6
7 .9 6 3
8 .0 6 6
8 ,0 8 2
8 ,2 2 3
8 ,1 8 8
8 ,3 0 3
8 ,3 8 0
8 ,4 3 6
8 ,5 7 7
8 ,4 5 5
8 ,5 8 0
8 ,6 3 8
1 T h e p o p u la tio n fig u re s a r e n o t s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d .
NO TE:
2 C iv ilia n e m p lo y m e n t a s a p e rc e n t o f th e civilian n oninstitutional pop u la tio n .
to to tals b e c a u s e d a ta a r e not p re s e n te d fo r all ra c e s .
In a d d itio n , p e rs o n s w h o s e e th n ic ity is
id en tified a s H is p a n ic o r L atino m a y b e o f a n y ra c e a n d , th e re fo re , a re c la s sifie d b y e th n ic ity a s
3 B e g in n in g in 2 0 0 3 , p e rs o n s w h o s e le c te d this ra c e g ro u p only; p e rs o n s w h o s e le c te d
m o re th a n o n e ra c e g ro u p a r e n o t in clu d e d .
E s tim a te s for th e a b o v e ra c e g ro u p s (w h ite a n d b la c k o r A fric an A m e ric a n ) d o n o t s u m
w ell a s by ra c e . B e g in n in g in J a n u a ry 2 0 0 3 , d a ta re flec t re v is e d p o p u la tio n co n tro ls u s e d in th e
P rior to 2 0 0 3 , p e rs o n s w h o re p o rte d m o re
h o u s eh o ld s urvey.
th a n o n e ra c e w e r e in c lu d e d in th e g ro u p th e y id en tified a s th e m a in ra c e .
5. Selected employment indicators, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
Selected categories
2003
2002
Annual average
2001
2002
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
E m p lo y e d , 1 6 y e a rs a n d o v e r...
1 3 6 ,9 3 3
1 3 6 ,4 8 5
1 3 6 ,3 8 3
1 3 6 ,3 4 3
1 3 6 ,7 5 7
1 3 7 ,3 1 2
1 3 6 ,9 8 8
1 3 6 ,5 4 2
1 3 6 ,4 3 9
1 3 7 ,5 3 6
1 3 7 ,4 0 8
1 3 7 ,3 4 8
1 3 7 ,6 8 7
1 3 7 ,4 8 7
1 3 7 ,7 3 8
M e n ..................................................
7 3 ,1 9 6
7 2 ,9 0 3
7 2 ,8 9 3
7 2 ,9 3 1
7 3 ,0 2 3
7 3 ,4 0 2
7 3 ,1 5 1
7 2 ,7 7 3
7 2 ,6 9 0
7 2 ,9 9 4
7 3 ,2 4 9
7 3 ,0 6 4
7 3 ,1 8 2
7 2 ,9 8 1
7 3 ,0 7 1
W o m e n ...........................................
6 3 ,7 3 7
6 3 ,5 8 2
6 3 ,4 9 0
6 3 ,4 1 2
6 3 ,7 3 4
6 3 ,9 1 0
6 3 ,8 3 7
6 3 ,7 6 9
6 3 ,7 4 9
6 4 ,5 4 2
6 4 ,1 5 9
6 4 ,2 8 4
6 4 ,5 0 5
6 4 ,5 0 6
6 4 ,6 6 7
M a r r ie d m e n , s p o u s e
p r e s e n t........................................
4 4 ,0 0 7
4 4 ,1 1 6
4 4 ,0 3 7
4 4 ,1 5 0
4 4 ,2 3 5
4 4 ,1 2 9
4 4 ,2 4 5
4 4 ,0 9 3
4 4 ,0 0 5
4 4 ,4 0 1
4 4 ,5 8 7
4 4 ,4 1 5
4 4 ,5 5 2
4 4 ,5 4 2
4 4 ,3 7 1
M a rrie d w o m e n , s p o u s e
p r e s e n t........................................
3 4 ,1 5 3
3 4 ,1 5 3
3 4 ,0 5 0
3 4 ,0 3 5
3 4 ,2 7 8
3 4 ,4 7 9
3 4 ,3 2 2
3 4 ,2 6 4
3 4 ,1 8 9
3 4 ,5 2 5
3 4 ,6 2 0
3 4 ,5 6 9
3 4 ,6 8 5
3 4 ,4 4 3
3 4 ,6 0 0
3 ,7 1 5
4 ,2 1 3
3 ,9 8 2
4 ,1 3 9
4 ,3 0 8
4 ,3 5 6
4 ,3 4 3
4 ,3 2 9
4 ,2 7 3
4 ,6 4 3
4 ,8 0 7
4 ,6 9 6
4 ,8 4 0
4 ,5 9 2
4 ,4 9 9
2 ,3 9 6
2 ,7 8 8
2 ,7 0 3
2 ,7 6 0
2 ,8 1 1
2 ,8 1 4
2 ,8 8 8
2 ,8 5 5
2 ,8 9 3
3 ,0 2 7
3 ,1 5 2
3 ,1 2 3
3 ,2 2 1
3 ,0 5 8
3 ,1 5 3
1 ,0 0 6
1 ,1 2 4
1 ,0 9 7
1 ,1 1 3
1 ,1 5 3
1 ,1 7 7
1 ,1 3 3
1 ,1 5 9
1 ,1 1 0
1 ,2 9 7
1 ,2 7 5
1 ,1 9 2
1 ,2 6 6
1 ,2 6 5
1 ,2 5 7
1 8 ,7 9 0
1 8 ,8 4 3
1 9,2 51
1 9 ,1 4 3
1 9 ,0 4 7
1 8 ,9 2 8
1 8 ,6 8 5
1 8 ,7 2 7
1 8 ,5 5 5
1 9 ,3 1 4
1 8 ,4 2 1
1 8 ,8 8 8
1 8 ,8 8 6
1 9 ,0 8 3
1 9 ,5 4 8
3 ,6 2 7
4 ,1 1 9
3 ,8 8 7
4 ,0 2 5
4 ,1 8 5
4 ,2 6 6
4 ,2 7 4
4 ,2 7 2
4 ,2 1 9
4 ,4 9 6
4 ,6 7 5
4 ,5 8 7
4 ,7 2 8
4 ,4 7 8
4 ,3 9 0
2 ,3 4 0
2 ,7 2 6
2 ,6 2 9
2 ,6 8 9
2 ,8 0 6
2 ,7 5 5
2 ,8 5 7
2 ,8 1 6
2 ,8 5 4
2 ,9 4 7
3 ,0 6 2
3 ,0 4 8
3 ,1 4 0
3 ,0 0 3
3 ,0 7 4
997
1 ,1 1 4
1 ,0 9 9
1 ,1 0 3
1 ,1 4 3
1 ,1 7 2
1 ,1 2 2
1 ,1 5 8
1 ,0 9 7
1 ,2 6 7
1 ,2 5 7
1 ,1 7 8
1 ,2 5 8
1 ,2 3 4
1 ,2 3 7
1 8 ,4 1 5
1 8 .4 8 7
1 8 .9 8 5
1 8 .7 4 1
1 8 ,6 6 8
1 8 ,5 5 5
1 8 ,3 4 7
1 8 .3 6 1
1 8 .1 9 7
1 8 .9 8 4
1 8 ,1 3 4
1 8 ,5 2 9
1 8 ,5 0 3
1 8 ,6 6 4
1 9 .1 8 4
Characteristic
Persons at work part tim e1
A ll in d u s trie s :
P a rt tim e fo r e c o n o m ic
r e a s o n s .......................................
S la c k w o rk o r b u s in e s s
c o n d itio n s ..............................
C o u ld o n ly fin d p a rt-tim e
P a rt tim e fo r n o n e c o n o m ic
r e a s o n s .....................................
N o n a g ric u ltu ra l in d u s tries :
P a rt tim e fo r e c o n o m ic
r e a s o n s ......................................
S la c k w o rk o r b u s in e s s
c o n d itio n s ..............................
C o u ld o n ly fin d p a rt-tim e
w o r k ........................................
P a rt tim e fo r n o n e c o n o m ic
re a s o n s .....................................
1 E x c lu d e s p e rs o n s "with a jo b but n o t a t w ork" du rin g th e s u rv e y p e rio d fo r s u ch re a s o n s a s v a c a tio n , illn e s s, o r industrial d isp u te s.
NO TE:
66
B e g in n in g in J a n u a ry 2 0 0 3 , d a ta re fle c t re v is e d p o p u la tio n controls u s ed in th e h o u s eh o ld s u rvey.
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
6.
Selected unemployment indicators, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[Unemployment rates]
2001
2002
2003
2002
Annual average
Selected categories
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Nov.
Oct.
Jan.
Dec.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
Characteristic
T o ta l, 1 6 y e a r s a n d o v e r ....................................
4 .7
5 .8
5 .8
5 .8
5 .8
5 .7
5 .8
5 .9
6 .0
5 .7
5 .8
5 .8
6 .0
6.1
6 .4
B o th s e x e s , 1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s ..........................
1 4 .7
1 6 .5
1 6 .9
1 7 .0
1 6 .9
1 6 .2
15.1
1 6 .8
1 6 .4
1 6 .8
17.1
1 7 .7
1 8 .0
1 8 .5
1 9 .3
M e n , 2 0 y e a rs a n d o v e r ................................
4 .2
5 .3
5 .4
5 .3
5 .3
5 .3
5 .4
5 .6
5 .6
5 .4
5 .3
5 .3
5 .6
5 .9
6.1
W o m e n , 2 0 y e a rs a n d o v e r .........................
4.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
5 .0
5 .0
5 .2
5 .0
5 .2
4 .7
5 .0
5 .0
5.1
5.1
5 .2
W h ite , to ta l1........................................................
4 .2
5.1
5 .2
5 .2
5.1
5.1
5.1
5 .2
5.1
5.1
5 .0
5.1
5 .2
5 .4
5 .5
B oth s e x e s , 1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s ...................
1 2 .7
1 4 .5
1 4 .8
1 5 .6
1 4 .8
1 4 .2
1 3 .9
1 4 .5
1 3 .8
1 5 .2
1 5 .5
1 5 .6
1 5 .4
1 5 .3
1 6 .5
M e n , 1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s ..............................
1 3 .9
1 5 .9
1 6 .6
1 7 .9
17.1
1 5 .6
1 4 .7
1 5 .8
1 4 .9
1 6 .2
1 7 .3
1 8 .0
1 7 .7
1 7 .0
1 7 .8
W o m e n , 1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s .......................
1 1 .4
13.1
1 3 .0
13.1
1 2 .4
1 2 .7
13.1
1 3 .0
1 2 .7
1 4 .2
1 3 .7
13.1
1 3 .2
1 3 .7
1 5 .2
M e n , 2 0 y e a rs a n d o v e r ..........................
3 .7
4 .7
4 .8
4 .8
4 .8
4 .8
4 .8
5 .0
4 .9
4 .9
4 .6
4 .7
5 .0
5 .2
5 .4
W o m e n , 2 0 y e a rs a n d o v e r ...................
3 .6
4 .4
4 .4
4 .4
4 .4
4 .4
4 .4
4 .2
4 .4
4.1
4 .2
4 .4
4 .3
4 .6
4 .4
B la c k o r A fric a n A m e ric a n , to ta l1.............
8 .6
1 0 .2
1 0 .6
9 .9
9 .9
9 .8
9 .9
1 0 .8
1 1 .2
1 0 .3
1 0 .5
1 0 .2
1 0 .9
1 0 .8
1 1 .8
2 9 .0
2 9 .8
30.1
2 7.1
3 0.1
2 8 .0
2 3 .9
3 0 .5
3 3 .2
3 0 .4
3 0 .2
3 3 .4
3 3.1
3 7 .0
3 9 .3
M e n , 1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s ..............................
3 0 .4
3 1 .3
3 0 .8
2 2 .7
3 1 .3
3 4 .4
2 4 .9
3 0 .0
3 4 .5
3 3 .2
38.1
4 5 .2
3 7 .7
4 3 .1
3 6 .5
W o m e n , 1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s .......................
2 7 .5
2 8 .3
2 9 .3
3 1 .4
2 8 .9
2 1 .5
2 2 .7
3 1 .0
3 2 .1
2 8 .0
2 2 .2
2 3 .1
2 9 .3
3 2 .0
4 1 .7
M e n , 2 0 y e a rs a n d o v e r..........................
8 .0
9 .5
1 0 .3
9 .2
9.1
9 .4
9 .9
1 0 .6
1 0 .5
1 0 .3
10.1
9 .3
1 0 .4
1 1 .2
1 1 .3
W o m e n , 2 0 y e a rs a n d o v e r ...................
7 .0
8 .8
8 .8
8 .9
8 .5
8.1
8 .5
9 .0
9 .7
8 .4
9 .0
8 .7
9 .2
8 .0
9 .7
H is p a n ic o r L a tin o e th n ic ity ........................
6 .6
7 .5
7 .4
7 .5
7 .6
7 .5
7 .8
7 .8
7 .9
7 .8
7 .7
7 .5
7 .5
8 .2
8 .4
M a rrie d m e n , s p o u s e p re s e n t...................
2 .7
3 .6
4 .0
3 .5
3 .5
3 .6
3 .6
3 .6
3 .7
3 .5
3 .6
3 .8
3 .7
3 .9
4 .4
M a r r ie d w o m e n , s p o u s e p re s e n t............
3.1
3 .7
3 .8
3 .8
3 .6
3 .6
3 .8
3 .8
3 .8
3 .3
3 .6
3 .7
3 .6
3 .7
3 .9
F u ll-tim e w o r k e r s ............................................
4 .7
5 .9
6 .0
5 .9
5 .8
5 .8
5 .9
6.1
6.1
5 .8
5 .9
5 .9
6.1
6 .3
6 .5
P a rt-tim e w o r k e r s .............................................
5.1
5 .3
5 .0
5 .4
5 .4
5 .3
5 .2
5.1
5 .3
5 .4
5 .5
5 .5
5 .4
5 .6
5 .9
Educational attainment2
L e s s th a n a high s ch o o l d ip lo m a ...................
7 .2
8 .4
8 .0
8 .6
8 .5
7 .9
8 .7
9 .0
9 .0
8 .5
8 .8
8 .5
8 .2
9 .2
9 .7
H ig h s ch o o l g ra d u a te s , no c o lle g e 3..............
4 .2
5 .3
5 .5
5.1
5 .2
5 .0
4 .9
5 .3
5 .3
5.1
5 .4
5 .5
5 .7
5 .5
5 .8
S o m e c o lle g e o r a s s o c ia te d e g r e e ................
3 .3
4 .5
4 .6
4 .4
4 .3
4 .6
4 .7
4 .8
5 .0
4 .8
4 .7
4 .8
4 .7
4 .8
4 .9
B a c h e lo r's d e g r e e a n d h ig h e r4........................
2 .3
2 .9
3 .0
3 .0
2 .8
2 .9
3 .0
2 .9
2 .9
3 .0
3 .0
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
1
B e g in n in g in 2 0 0 3 , p e rs o n s w h o s e le c te d this ra c e g ro u p only; p e rs o n s w h o
s e le c te d m o re th a n o n e ra c e g ro u p a r e not in clu d e d . P rior to 2 0 0 3 , p e rs o n s w h o
3 In clu d e s high sch o o l d ip lo m a o r e q u iv a le n t.
4 In clu d e s p e rs o n s w ith b a ch e lo r's, m a s te r's , p ro fe s sio n a l, a n d do c to ra l d e g re e s .
re p o rte d m o re th a n o n e ra c e w e r e in clu d e d in th e g ro u p th e y iden tified a s th e
7.
m a in ra c e .
NOTE: B e g in n in g in J a n u a ry 2 0 0 3 , d a ta re fle c t re vis ed p o p u la tio n co n tro ls u s ed in th e
2
h o u s eh o ld su rve y.
D a ta re fe r to p e rs o n s 2 5 y e a rs a n d o ld e r.
Duration of unemployment, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Weeks of
unemployment
2001
2002
2003
2002
Annual average
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
L e s s th a n 5 w e e k s ..................................
2 ,8 5 3
2 ,8 9 3
2 ,7 8 6
2 ,9 0 3
2 ,8 9 5
2 ,7 8 2
2 ,7 9 7
2 ,9 1 2
2 ,8 6 0
2 ,7 7 2
2 ,7 4 9
2 ,7 8 0
2 ,8 1 4
3 ,0 5 6
3 ,0 0 9
5 to 1 4 w e e k s ............................................
2 ,1 9 6
2 ,5 8 0
2 ,8 0 3
2 ,5 2 0
2 ,5 0 5
2 ,5 5 8
2 ,5 1 5
2 ,5 3 2
2 ,5 4 7
2 ,5 7 7
2 ,5 6 5
2 ,4 7 3
2 ,6 3 0
2 ,6 0 5
2 ,9 3 6
1 5 w e e k s a n d o v e r ..................................
1 ,7 5 2
2 ,9 0 4
3 ,0 4 5
2 ,9 5 5
2 ,8 9 1
3 ,0 1 9
3 ,0 9 9
3 ,1 4 3
3 ,2 9 6
3 ,1 4 0
3 ,1 5 5
3 ,1 0 4
3 ,2 9 4
3 ,2 5 0
3 ,5 7 2
1 5 to 2 6 w e e k s ......................................
9 51
1 ,3 6 9
1 ,4 1 9
1 ,381
1 ,3 6 1
1 ,3 5 9
1 ,3 7 4
1 ,3 1 7
1 ,3 9 2
1 ,4 5 7
1 ,2 8 1
1 ,3 1 6
1 ,3 9 2
1 ,3 2 1
1 ,5 3 6
2 7 w e e k s a n d o v e r ..............................
8 01
1 ,5 3 5
1 ,6 2 6
1 ,5 7 3
1 ,5 3 0
1 ,6 6 0
1 ,7 2 4
1 ,8 2 6
1 ,9 0 4
1 ,6 8 3
1 ,8 7 4
1 ,7 8 8
1 ,9 0 3
1 ,9 3 0
2 ,0 3 6
M e a n d u ra tio n , in w e e k s ......................
13.1
1 6 .6
17.1
1 6 .6
1 6 .3
1 7 .8
1 7 .6
1 7 .9
1 8 .4
1 8 .4
1 8 .6
1 8 .0
1 9 .6
1 9 .2
1 9 .8
M e d ia n d u ra tio n , in w e e k s ..................
6 .8
9.1
1 1 .6
8 .9
8 .7
9 .5
9 .6
9 .4
9 .6
9 .8
9 .4
9 .6
1 0 .2
10.1
1 2 .3
NO TE: B e g in n in g in J a n u a ry 2 0 0 3 , d a ta re fle c t re v is e d p o p u la tio n c ontrols u s e d in th e h o u s eh o ld s u rvey.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
67
Current Labor Statistics:
Labor Force Data
8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason for
unemployment
Annual average
2001
2002
2002
2003
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
5 ,0 7 4
5 ,0 1 0
J o b l o s e r s ...............................
3 ,4 7 6
4 ,6 0 7
4 ,6 5 0
4 ,6 1 3
4 ,6 0 7
4 ,6 0 8
4 ,8 2 8
4 ,8 3 3
4 ,8 6 3
4 ,5 8 3
4 ,7 5 6
O n te m p o ra ry la y o ff.........
4 ,6 1 3
4 ,7 6 5
1 ,0 6 7
1 ,1 2 4
1 ,101
1 ,2 3 6
1 ,1 5 8
1 ,0 4 4
1 ,0 9 8
1 ,0 6 9
1 ,1 1 0
1 ,0 8 0
1 ,1 4 2
1 ,1 5 7
N o t o n te m p o ra ry lay o ff..
1,101
1 ,2 2 6
1 ,1 9 9
2 ,4 0 9
3 ,4 8 3
3 ,5 5 0
3 ,3 7 7
3 ,4 4 9
3 ,5 6 5
3 ,7 2 9
3 ,7 6 4
3 ,7 5 3
3 ,5 0 3
3 ,6 1 4
3 ,4 5 6
3 ,6 6 4
3 ,8 4 8
3 ,8 1 1
J o b le a v e r s ...............................
835
866
844
840
844
808
850
834
862
825
772
794
829
R e e n tr a n ts ................................
772
893
2 ,0 3 1
2 ,3 6 8
2 ,3 7 9
2 ,3 9 0
2 ,3 2 6
2 ,3 2 1
2 ,3 8 6
2 ,3 9 4
2 ,4 6 2
2 ,3 3 1
2 ,3 9 5
2 ,3 9 1
2 ,5 5 8
2 ,4 9 9
2 ,6 8 7
459
536
544
547
587
542
494
586
534
616
579
626
642
634
648
J o b l o s e r s ...............................
51.1
5 5 .0
5 5 .2
5 5 .0
55.1
5 5 .7
5 6 .4
5 5 .9
5 5 .8
5 4 .9
5 5 .9
5 4 .8
5 4 .2
5 6 .5
5 4 .2
O n te m p o r a ry la y o ff.........
1 5 .7
1 3 .4
13.1
1 4 .7
1 3 .8
1 2 .6
1 2 .8
1 2 .4
1 2 .7
1 2 .9
1 3 .4
1 3 .7
N o t o n te m p o ra ry lay o ff..
1 2 .5
1 3 .7
1 3 .0
3 5 .4
4 1 .6
4 2 .2
4 0 .2
4 1 .2
4 2.1
4 3 .6
4 3 .5
4 3 .0
4 1 .9
4 2 .5
J o b le a v e r s ...............................
4 1 .0
4 1 .7
4 2 .9
4 1 .3
1 2 .3
1 0 .3
1 0 .0
1 0 .0
10.1
9 .8
9 .9
9 .6
9 .9
9 .9
9.1
9 .4
R e e n tra n ts ................................
9 .4
8.6
9 .7
2 9 .9
2 8 .3
2 8 .3
2 8 .5
2 7 .8
2 8 .0
2 7 .9
2 7 .7
2 8 .2
2 7 .9
2 8 .2
2 8 .4
N e w e n tr a n ts ...........................
2 9.1
2 7 .8
2 9 .1
6 .8
6 .4
6 .5
6 .5
7 .0
6 .5
5 .8
6 .8
6.1
7 .4
6.8
7 .4
7 .3
7.1
7 .0
3.1
3 .4
N e w e n tr a n ts ...........................
Percent of unemployed
Percent of civilian
labor force
.1
2 .4
3 .2
3 .2
3 .2
3 .2
3 .2
3 .3
3 .3
3 .4
3 .3
3 .2
3 .3
3 .5
J o b le a v e r s ....
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.5
.6
.6
.6
.6
.5
.5
R e e n tr a n ts ......
.6
.5
1 .4
.6
1 .6
1 .6
1 .7
1 .6
1 .6
1 .6
1.6
1 .7
1.6
N e w e n tra n ts ..
1.6
1.6
1 .7
1 .7
1.8
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
J o b lo se rs
1 In c lu d e s p e rs o n s w h o c o m p le te d te m p o ra ry jo b s.
N O T E : B e g in n in g in J a n u a r y 2 0 0 3 , d a ta re flec t re vis ed p o p u la tio n c ontrols u s e d in th e h o u s eh o ld su rve y.
9. Unemployment rates by sex and age, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[Civilian workers]_______________________
Sex and age
Annual average
2001
2002
2002
2003
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
5 .8
5 .8
5 .8
5 .7
5 .8
5 .9
6 .0
5 .7
5 .8
5 .8
6 .0
6.1
6 .4
12.1
12.1
1 1 .9
1 1 .8
1 2 .2
1 1 .9
1 1 .8
1 1 .9
1 1 .7
1 2 .7
13.1
1 3 .5
Oct.
June
T o ta l, 1 6 y e a rs a n d o ld e r.....................
4 .7
5 .8
1 6 to 2 4 y e a r s .......................................
1 0 .6
1 2 .0
1 2 .0
1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s ...................................
1 4 .7
1 6 .5
1 6 .9
1 7 .0
1 6 .9
1 6 .2
15.1
1 6 .8
1 6 .4
1 6 .8
17.1
1 7 .7
1 6 to 1 7 y e a r s ...............................
1 8 .0
1 8 .5
1 9 .3
1 7 .2
1 8 .8
1 9 .6
1 9 .7
1 9 .3
1 9 .4
1 6 .2
1 9 .4
1 7 .6
1 8 .3
1 7 .9
1 6 .7
1 8 .7
1 8 to 1 9 y e a r s ...............................
1 8 .5
2 1 .6
13.1
15.1
1 5 .3
1 5 .5
1 6 .2
1 4 .0
1 4 .3
1 5 .3
1 5 .5
1 5 .9
1 5 .9
1 7 .7
2 0 to 2 4 y e a r s ...................................
1 7 .8
1 9 .0
1 7 .9
8 .3
9 .7
9 .4
9 .6
9 .6
9 .6
10.1
9 .8
9 .7
9 .3
9 .3
8 .9
10.1
2 5 y e a rs a n d o ld e r ..............................
1 0 .5
1 0 .7
3 ,7
4 .6
4 .8
4 .7
4 .6
4 .6
4 .7
4 .8
4 .8
4 .6
4 .7
4 .7
4 .9
2 5 to 5 4 y e a r s ...............................
4 .9
5.1
3 .8
4 .8
4 .9
4 .8
4 .7
4 .7
4 .9
5.1
5 .0
4 .7
4 .9
5 .0
4 .9
5 5 y e a rs a n d o ld e r .....................
5 .0
5 .3
3 .0
3 .8
4.1
3 .8
4 .0
3 .9
3 .9
3 .7
4 .2
4.1
3 .8
3 .8
4 .2
4 .5
4 .6
M e n , 1 6 y e a rs a n d o ld e r....................
4 .8
5 .9
6 .0
5 .9
6 .0
5 .9
5 .9
6 .2
6 .2
6 .0
6 .0
6 .0
6 .3
1 6 to 2 4 y e a r s ....................................
6 .5
6 .8
1 1 .4
1 2 .8
1 2 .6
1 2 .8
1 3 .3
13.1
1 2 .3
1 2 .8
1 2 .6
1 2 .4
1 2 .5
1 2 .4
1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s ................................
1 3 .8
1 4 .3
1 4 .3
1 6 .0
18.1
1 8 .6
1 8 .9
1 9 .3
1 8 .3
1 6 .0
1 8 .0
1 7 .5
1 8 .2
1 9 .5
2 0 .8
1 6 to 1 7 y e a r s ............................
2 0 .6
2 0 .8
2 0 .1
19.1
21.1
2 2 .0
2 2 .2
2 3.1
2 1 .5
1 7 .2
2 1 .2
1 8 .5
1 9 .3
19.1
1 8 .0
2 1 .4
1 8 to 1 9 y e a r s ............................
2 1 .5
2 3 .8
1 4 .0
1 6 .4
1 6 .6
1 6 .6
18.1
1 6 .3
1 5 .2
16.1
1 6 .7
1 7 .6
1 9 .3
2 1 .5
2 0 to 2 4 y e a r s ................................
20.1
2 0 .9
1 7 .7
9 .0
1 0 .2
9 .6
9 .7
1 0 .3
1 0 .5
1 0 .4
1 0 .2
1 0 .2
9 .7
9 .2
8 .7
2 5 y e a rs a n d o ld e r ...........................
1 0 .7
1 1 .4
1 1 .7
3 .6
4 .7
4 .9
4 .7
4 .7
4 .6
4 .8
5.1
5 .0
4 .9
4 .9
4 .9
5.1
2 5 to 5 4 y e a r s ............................
5 .2
5 .5
3 .7
4 .8
5 .0
4 .9
4 .8
4 .7
4 .9
5 .3
5 .2
5 .0
5 .0
5 .0
5 .2
5 5 y e a rs a n d o ld e r...................
5 .3
5 .5
3 .2
4.1
4 .4
4 .0
4.1
4.1
4 .0
4 .0
4 .4
4 .4
4 .2
4 .3
4 .6
4 .8
5 .5
W o m e n , 1 6 y e a r s a n d o ld e r.............
4 .7
5 .6
5 .6
5 .7
5 .5
5 .5
5 .7
5 .6
5 .8
5 .3
5 .6
5 .5
1 6 to 2 4 y e a r s ....................................
5 .6
5 .7
5 .9
9 .6
11.1
1 1 .2
1 1 .4
1 0 .7
1 0 .5
1 1 .3
1 1 .5
1 1 .3
11.1
1 1 .3
1 1 .0
1 1 .5
1 6 to 1 9 y e a r s ................................
1 1 .8
1 2 .5
1 3 .4
1 4 .9
1 5 .0
15.1
1 4 .4
1 4 .0
14.1
1 5 .6
1 5 .2
1 5 .5
1 4 .8
1 4 .6
1 5 .5
1 6 to 1 7 y e a r s .............................
1 6 .2
1 8 .5
1 5 .2
1 6 .6
1 7 .2
17.1
1 5 .5
1 7 .4
1 5 .2
1 7 .4
1 6 .6
1 7 .3
1 6 .8
1 5 .5
1 6 .2
1 8 to 1 9 y e a r s .............................
1 5 .8
1 9 .5
1 2 .2
1 3 .8
1 4 .0
1 4 .3
14.1
1 1 .5
1 3 .3
1 4 .4
1 4 .2
14.1
1 2 .3
1 3 .7
1 8 .0
2 0 to 2 4 y e a r s ................................
1 5 .5
17.1
7 .5
9.1
9 .2
9 .4
8 .8
8 .7
9 .8
9 .4
9 .3
8 .8
9 .5
9.1
9 .3
2 5 y e a rs a n d o ld e r ...........................
9 .4
9 .5
3 .7
4 .6
4 .6
4 .6
4 .5
4 .5
4 .6
4 .5
4 .6
4 .2
4 .5
4 .6
4 .7
2 5 to 5 4 y e a r s ............................
4 .6
4 .7
3 .9
4 .8
4 .8
4 .8
4 .6
4 .7
4 .8
4 .8
4 .8
4 .4
4 .8
4 .9
4 .7
4 .7
5 .0
5 5 y e a r s a n d o ld e r '..................
2 .7
3 .6
3 .9
3 .8
4 .3
3 .6
3 .5
3 .2
3 .8
4.1
3 .3
3 .3
3 .4
3 .6
3 .7
' D a ta a r e n o t s e a s o n a lly a d ju ste d .
N o t e : B e g in n in g in J a n u a ry 2 0 0 3 , d a ta re flec t re v is e d p o p u la tio n controls u s ed in th e h o u s eh o ld su rve y.
68
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
10. Unemployment rates by State, seasonally adjusted
May
2002
State
A la b a m a ....................................................................
Apr.
May
2003p
2003p
May
2002
State
Apr.
May
2003p
2003p
6 .0
5 .8
5 .7
M issouri
5 .5
5 .0
5 .3
7 .5
.7 .2
7 .3
M o n ta n a ....................................................................
4 .6
4 .0
4 .2
6 .3
6 .0
5 .9
N e b ra s k a ..................................................................
3 .6
3 .9
3 .9
5 .5
5 .3
5 .5
N e v a d a .......................................................................
5 .6
5 .5
5 .4
6 ,6
6 8
6 .7
N e w H a m p s h ire .....................................................
4 .7
4 .0
3 .9
5 .5
5 .9
5 .8
N e w J e rs e y ..............................................................
5 .8
5 .8
5 .6
4 .2
5 .3
4 .9
N e w M e x ic o .............................................................
5 .5
5 .9
6 .0
4 .3
4 .3
3 .7
N e w Y o rk ..................................................................
6.1
6.1
6.1
6 .5
7 .3
6 .4
N o rth C a ro lin a .......................................................
6 .8
6 .4
6 .2
5 .5
5 .3
5 .4
N orth D a k o ta ...........................................................
4 .2
3 .4
3 .5
5.1
4 .7
4 .8
O h io .............................................................................
5 .9
6 .3
6.1
4 .3
3 .8
3 .9
O k la h o m a ................................................................
4 .5
5.1
5 .6
5 .6
5 .6
5 .2
O re g o n .......................................................................
7 .4
8 .0
8 .2
6 5
6 .3
6 .2
P e n n s y lv a n ia ..........................................................
5 .6
5 .9
5 .6
5 2
5.1
4 .9
R h o d e Is la n d ..........................................................
4 .9
5 .3
5 .4
4 .0
4 .2
4 .5
S o u th C a ro lin a .......................................................
5 .8
6.1
6 .2
5 .0
4 .8
4 .6
S o u th D a k o ta ..........................................................
3.1
3 .2
3 .3
5 .7
5 .8
5.1
5 .2
5 .0
5 .2
6 3
6 .2
6 .3
T e x a s ..........................................................................
6 .4
6 .6
6 .8
42
4 .8
4 .5
U ta h ............................................................................
6 .2
5 .3
5 .4
V e rm o n t....................................................................
3 .8
4 .2
4.1
4 .2
4 .3
3 .9
4 4
4 .4
4 .5
5 1
5 .5
5 .6
6 .2
6 .6
6 .8
W a s h in g to n ............................................................
7 .4
7 .3
7 .4
4 .4
4 .3
4 .3
W e s t V irg in ia ..........................................................
6 .2
6 .0
5 .9
6 8
6 .6
6 .3
W is c o n s in .................................................................
5 .3
5 .4
5 .4
W y o m in g ..................................................................
4 .2
4 .0
4 .2
p = pre lim in a ry
11. Employment of workers on nonfarm payrolls by State, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
May
2002
May
2003p
2 ,9 9 4 ,8 8 5
2 ,9 6 9 ,7 5 8
2 ,9 8 2 , 6 5 4
4 6 2 ,4 3 3
4 7 0 ,2 2 1
4 7 4 ,7 1 4
N e b ra s k a .................................................
9 5 8 ,9 5 0
9 8 5 ,5 5 7
9 8 6 ,1 6 2
N e v a d a ....................................................
1 ,1 2 2 ,2 2 2
1 ,1 1 5 ,2 9 6
1 ,1 1 9 ,0 5 3
7 0 4 ,8 5 0
7 1 4 ,6 7 3
7 1 1 ,4 9 4
4 ,4 2 4 ,9 5 9
4 ,4 2 2 ,8 9 2
2 1 0 5 681
2 1 5 4 ,0 7 6
2 ,1 5 2 ,2 0 6
M is s o u ri....................................................
320 946
3 4 1 ,4 7 7
3 4 3 ,0 6 5
M o n ta n a ...................................................
2 6 6 9 001
2 ,6 6 5 ,4 0 5
2 ,6 6 9 ,6 9 6
1 283 946
1 3 0 0 ,7 6 4
1 ,3 0 1 ,4 3 0
17 6 3 0 8 3 5
17 5 7 8 ,3 4 9
955
2 4 34 332
2 4 7 4 ,3 4 9
2 ,4 7 7 ,6 0 1
1 770 632
1 785 212
1 ,7 7 6 ,3 1 0
4 2 4 ,3 4 8
4 2 0 ,4 2 9
4 2 2 ,0 1 4
May
2002
Apr.
May
2003p
17
Apr.
2003p
2003p
State
State
N e w J e rs e y ............................................
N e w Y o rk ................................................
4 ,3 6 0 ,5 6 5
8 7 5 ,8 4 7
8 9 5 ,7 3 6
8 9 8 ,1 2 3
9 ,3 4 9 ,7 6 3
9 ,3 5 4 ,4 5 7
9 ,3 4 3 ,0 2 9
4 ,1 7 9 ,2 0 9
4 ,1 7 6 ,8 0 5
4 ,1 8 3 ,9 2 8
3 4 6 ,2 5 0
3 4 7 ,9 1 2
3 4 8 ,2 3 5
304 984
3 0 6 1 82
3 0 6 ,4 3 2
8 085 865
8 0 9 3 ,2 6 1
8 ,0 7 5 ,9 8 3
N o rth D a k o ta ...........................................
4 2 89 123
4 3 7 0 ,0 3 7
4 ,3 7 6 ,1 4 4
O h io ..........................................................
5 ,8 4 3 ,8 1 9
5 ,9 0 5 ,9 2 7
5 ,8 8 4 ,8 5 4
581 0 81
5 9 7 ,0 9 5
6 0 3 ,2 4 8
O k la h o m a ...............................................
1 ,6 9 7 ,9 3 3
1 ,6 9 7 ,7 4 9
1 ,7 1 6 ,1 9 5
683 650
6 9 3 ,5 3 4
6 9 2 ,1 4 3
O r e g o n ....................................................
1 ,8 2 9 ,0 2 0
1 ,8 4 1 ,9 7 7
1 ,8 3 5 ,9 1 5
6 378 966
6 3 7 7 ,1 6 3
6 ,3 8 3 ,0 8 3
P e n n s y lv a n ia ........................................
6 ,2 8 2 ,5 2 0
6 ,2 1 7 ,7 7 7
6 ,1 7 7 ,4 1 3
3 166 686
3 ,1 7 0 ,0 4 2
3 ,1 8 2 ,3 8 2
R h o d e Is la n d .........................................
5 5 3 ,7 3 8
5 7 2 ,0 5 0
5 7 4 ,3 9 6
S o u th C a ro lin a ......................................
1 ,9 6 2 ,8 8 8
2 ,0 2 7 ,5 5 1
2 ,0 2 5 ,5 7 8
1 669 379
1 ,6 4 3 ,3 0 4
1 ,6 3 4 ,2 1 9
1 410 397
1 ,4 7 2 ,4 3 5
1 ,4 6 9 ,3 1 9
S o u th D a k o ta ........................................
4 1 9 ,7 3 4
4 2 0 ,2 6 3
4 2 0 ,7 0 5
1 9 70 106
1 9 94 558
1 ,9 8 5 ,4 1 2
T e n n e s s e e ............................................
2 ,9 2 7 ,3 5 2
2 ,8 9 9 ,6 7 5
2 ,9 0 6 , 8 0 4
2 0 08 787
2 0 51 8 4 2
2 ,0 6 4 ,7 3 1
T e x a s .......................................................
1 ,0 7 5 ,2 1 1
1 1 ,0 2 3 ,3 6 6
1 1 ,0 3 0 ,6 7 5
6 85 432
6 9 7 4 51
6 9 2 ,9 0 7
U ta h ..........................................................
1 ,1 7 9 ,0 8 6
1 ,2 0 3 ,9 3 4
1 ,2 1 1 ,9 0 4
2 8 99 933
2 ,9 3 8 ,9 1 3
2 ,9 3 7 ,8 5 1
V e rm o n t...................................................
3 4 8 ,3 5 7
3 5 3 ,2 1 8
3 5 2 ,0 3 3
3 478 739
3 4 5 1 ,2 3 2
3 ,4 5 1 ,5 3 6
V irg in ia .....................................................
3 ,7 3 8 ,4 2 1
3 ,8 0 4 ,7 6 8
3 ,7 9 2 ,7 8 0
3 ,1 0 4 ,5 0 1
5 (114 4 2 6
5 0 6 1 ,3 3 1
5 ,1 1 3 ,4 7 7
W a s h in g to n ...........................................
3 ,0 8 9 ,9 8 1
3 ,1 1 4 ,8 5 9
2 917 983
2 ,9 2 1 ,0 9 7
2 ,9 1 9 ,8 0 6
W e s t V irg in ia ........................................
8 1 3 ,3 1 6
8 0 5 ,0 4 0
8 0 2 ,6 7 0
1 ,2 9 7 ,0 2 6
1 ,3 2 3 ,4 3 6
1 ,3 1 9 ,0 4 5
W is c o n s in ..............................................
3 ,0 2 3 ,2 0 9
3 ,0 9 3 ,6 1 6
3 ,0 8 9 ,3 3 7
W y o m in g ................................................
2 7 0 ,4 7 7
2 7 5 ,3 9 1
2 7 5 ,5 6 7
p - pre lim in a ry .
NO TE: S o m e d a ta in this ta b le m a y differ fro m d a ta p u b lish ed e ls e w h e re b e c a u s e o f th e c o n tin u a l u p d a tin g of th e d a ta b a s e .
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
69
Current Labor Statistics:
Labor Force Data
12. Employment of workers on nonfarm payrolls by industry, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
Industry
Annual average
2001
TOTAL NONFARM.............
TOTAL PRIVATE....................
2002
2002
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
2003
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Junep
131826
130,376
130,38C
1 3 0 ,2 0 ;
130,22^
130,285
130 ,40 6
130 ,40 6
130.196
130,356
130 ,23 6
130 ,08 4
130.06S
1 29 ,9 8 6
1 2 9 ,9 1 4
1 10707
108,886
108,891
108 ,75 6
108,748
108,768
108 ,86 4
108.86S
108 ,64 2
GOODS-PRODUCING.................
Natural resources and
108.78C
108 ,64 7
1 08 ,53 7
108 ,53 6
2387C
1 08 ,5 0 2
2 2,6 1 £
1 0 8 ,4 3 1
2 2,6 3£
2 2,5 88
2 2 ,5 27
2 2 ,4 9 '
2 2 ,4 3 6
22.40S
2 2 ,3 2 :
2 2,2 86
2 2 ,1 9 1
2 2 ,1 5£
22.11S
2 2,0 9 6
2 2 ,0 4 9
mining........................................
606
581
58C
576
578
57 :
572
572
572
L o g g in g ........................................
566
56S
566
73.6
56;
69.1
69.2
566
67.8
568
67.C
67.8
66.7
6 7.6
67.S
M in in g ................................................
67.1
66.6
64.6
6 4 .:
5 3 2 .6
5 1 1 .9
64.6
5 1 1 .2
6 5 .7
508.C
5 08.1
505 .7
5 0 5 .7
505.C
5 03 .6
5 00 .6
Oil a m d g a s e x tra c tio n .............
502.1
5 00 .4
4 99 .6
123.7
5 01 .4
1 22.5
5 0 2 .7
122 .8
122.C
122.C
121.4
1 21.5
1 22.0
1 21.6
122.1
121.8
1 22.9
124.4
125 .2
1 2 6 .0
M in in a , e x c e p t oil a n d a a s 1.. .
2 1 8 .7
2 12 .1
2 12.1
2 1 0 .9
2 1 0 .6
2 1 0 .7
2 0 9 .7
2 0 9 .3
2 08.1
2 0 6 .9
2 0 6 .3
2 0 6 .9
2 0 7 .6
C o a l m in in g ................................
S u p p o rt a ctivities for m in in g ..
2 0 8 .2
2 0 8 .8
/4 .3
190.1
7 4 .9
1 77 .2
7 4 .8
1 7 6 .3
7 4 .4
175.1
7 4.4
1 75 .5
74.3
173 .6
7 3 .6
1 74 .5
7 3 .8
1 73 .7
7 3 .3
1 73 .9
7 2.2
1 71.5
7 2.3
1 74 .0
7 2 .3
1 70 .6
72 7
1 67.9
Construction.............................
168 .C
167^9
6 ,8 2 6
6 ,7 3 2
6 ,7 2 5
6 ,7 0 3
6 ,7 1 9
6 ,7 2 8
6 ,7 2 0
6 ,7 4 5
6,7 3 1
6 ,7 3 8
6 ,7 0 0
6 ,7 2 0
6 ,7 6 0
6 ,7 8 6
6 ,7 9 8
1 ,5 8 5 .3
1 ,6 1 0 .9
7? P
C o n s tru c tio n o f buildings........
1 ,5 8 8 .9
1 ,5 8 3 .9
1 ,5 7 9 .6
1 ,5 7 2 .9
1 ,5 8 7 .9
1 ,5 8 8 .0
1 ,6 0 2 .9
1 ,5 9 5 .3
1 ,5 9 7 .7
H e a v y a n d civil e n g in e e rin g ..
1 ,5 9 4 .4
1 ,6 0 5 .6
9 5 3 .0
9 2 9 .9
1 ,6 1 5 .8
1 ,6 1 5 .0
9 3 0 .0
9 2 2 .8
9 2 1 .0
9 1 9 .3
918.1
9 1 5 .2
9 1 5 .3
9 1 6 .8
S p e c ia lity tra d e c o n tracto rs...
9 1 2 .5
8 9 5 .0
4283.S
8 9 8 .4
4 2 1 7 .9
9 0 2 .8
9 0 4 .7
4 ,2 1 5 .0
4 2 0 7 .1
4 2 1 2 .9
4 2 2 0 .7
4 2 1 4 .2
4 2 2 6 .4
Manufacturing...........................
4 2 2 0 .7
4 2 2 3 .8
4 1 9 3 .2
4 2 1 9 .5
1 6,441
4 2 4 5 .5
1 5 ,3 0 6
4 2 6 7 .8
1 5 ,3 3 4
4 2 8 2 .1
1 5 ,3 0 9
1 5 ,2 3 3
1 5 ,1 9 6
1 5 ,1 4 3
1 5,091
1 5 ,0 2 0
1 4 ,9 8 2
1 4 ,9 2 2
1 4 ,8 7 4
1 4 ,7 9 5
1 4 ,7 4 6
1 4 ,6 8 3
1 0 ,8 1 8
1 0 ,8 0 4
1 0 ,7 4 0
1 0 ,7 1 5
1 0 ,6 8 5
1 0 ,6 4 8
1 0 ,5 9 5
1 0 ,5 6 4
1 0 ,5 1 6
1 0 ,4 4 7
1 0 ,3 7 9
1 0 ,3 4 2
1 0 ,2 9 3
9 ,0 7 6
P roduction w o rk e rs ..............
1 1 ,6 7 7
1 0 ,7 9 9
Durable goods.........................
1 0 ,3 3 5
9 ,5 1 7
9,541
9 ,5 1 6
9 ,4 7 2
9 ,4 3 5
9 ,4 0 0
9 ,3 6 2
9 ,3 1 6
9 ,2 8 2
9 ,2 3 6
9 ,2 0 3
9 ,1 4 7
9 ,1 1 4
P roduction w o rk e rs ...............
7 ,1 6 3
6 ,551
6 ,5 6 5
6 ,5 5 0
6 ,5 1 7
6 ,4 9 2
6 ,4 7 4
6 ,4 4 7
6 ,4 1 7
6 ,3 9 2
W o o d p ro d u c ts .............................
6 ,3 5 5
6 ,3 1 4
5 74.1
6 ,2 6 7
6 ,2 4 4
5 5 6 .8
5 5 7 .2
6 ,2 1 7
5 5 6 .0
5 5 6 .0
5 5 4 .5
5 5 4 .2
5 5 2 .3
548 .1
5 4 9 .2
N o n m e ta llic m in eral products
5 4 8 .5
5 4 4 .4
5 4 4 .5
5 4 6 .0
5 1 9 .0
5 4 4 .9
5 1 8 .6
5 4 0 .9
5 1 8 .8
518 .1
5 1 7 .9
516.1
5 1 3 .6
5 1 0 .8
5 0 7 .9
5 0 5 .9
5 0 6 .7
P rim a ry m e ta ls .............................
5 7 0 .9
5 0 4 .8
5 1 0 .9
505 .1
5 1 1 .0
5 10.1
5 0 5 .3
509 .1
5 0 7 .5
5 0 4 .4
5 0 3 .3
4 9 9 .7
F a b ric a te d m e tal p ro d u c ts......
500.1
4 9 6 .5
4 9 4 .7
1 ,6 7 6 .4
4 91 .1
1 ,5 4 7 .8
4 8 6 .4
510.1
1 ,5 4 9 .2
4 8 0 .6
1 ,5 4 2 .3
1 ,5 3 7 .8
1 ,5 3 2 .0
1 ,5 2 3 .7
1 ,5 1 6 .0
M a c h in e ry .......................................
1 ,5 0 8 .0
1 ,4 9 7 .5
1 ,4 9 5 .3
1 ,4 8 9 .4
1 ,3 6 8 .3
1 ,2 3 7 .4
1 ,4 8 2 .3
1 ,2 3 8 .7
1 ,4 7 5 .5
1 ,2 3 5 .2
1 ,2 2 8 .7
1 ,2 2 3 .8
1 ,2 1 9 .6
1,2 1 6.1
1 ,2 1 2 .4
1 ,2 0 6 .5
1 ,2 0 1 .6
1 ,1 9 4 .8
1 ,1 8 7 .4
1 ,1 8 1 .2
1 ,1 7 5 .9
C o m p u te r a n d e lectro n ic
n rodi le t s '....................................
1 ,7 4 8 .8
1 ,5 2 1 .3
1 ,5 2 7 .4
1 ,5 1 7 .3
1 ,5 0 3 .5
1 ,4 9 2 .9
1 ,4 8 3 .9
1 ,4 7 7 .0
1 ,4 6 2 .2
1 ,4 4 8 .5
C o m p u te r a n d p e rip h era l
e q u ip m e n t..................................
1 ,4 3 8 .2
1,432.1
1 ,4 2 3 .6
1 ,4 1 3 .0
1 ,4 0 5 .1
2 8 6 .2
2 4 9 .8
2 5 0 .2
2 4 8 .2
2 4 3 .9
2 4 3 .3
2 4 2 .0
2 4 1 .8
2 4 1 .0
2 3 4 .4
2 3 0 .9
C o m m u n ic a tio n s e q u ip m e n t.
2 2 9 .8
2 3 3 .9
2 3 0 .5
2 2 6 .7
1 9 0 .9
2 2 6 .0
1 9 0 .8
1 8 9 .0
187.1
1 8 6 .0
1 8 5 .5
1 8 2 .0
180.1
1 7 7 .6
1 7 7 .8
1 7 6 .5
1 7 5 .5
1 7 4 .4
1 7 3 .3
e le c tro n ic c o m p o n e n ts ........ .
6 4 5 .4
5 3 1 .4
535.1
531 .1
5 2 5 .5
5 1 9 .2
5 1 3 .9
5 0 7 .6
5 0 3 .7
4 9 8 .8
4 9 6 .0
E le c tro n ic in stru m en ts ........... .
4 94.1
4 75 .1
4 9 2 .0
4 8 7 .7
4 5 0 .6
4 5 2 .3
4 8 5 .1
4 4 8 .8
4 4 7 .2
4 4 5 .8
4 44.1
4 4 2 .5
4 4 1 .3
4 4 1 .4
4 3 8 .7
4 3 6 .5
4 3 3 .5
4 3 1 .5
4 2 9 .3
S e m ic o n d u c to rs a n d
E lectrical e q u ip m e n t a n d
a p p lia n c e s ...................................
T ra n s p o rta tio n e q u ip m e n t........
5 5 6 .9
4 9 8 .9
4 9 9 .6
5 0 0 .4
4 9 4 .9
4 9 2 .0
489.1
4 8 6 .8
4 8 5 .2
4 8 2 .4
4 7 9 .8
4 7 7 .5
1 ,9 3 7 .9
4 7 4 .8
1 ,8 2 8 .5
4 6 9 .3
4 6 8 .2
1 ,8 3 2 .9
1 ,8 2 7 .8
1 ,8 2 4 .0
1 ,8 1 8 .0
1 ,8 1 5 .5
1 ,8 0 8 .7
1 ,8 0 4 .7
1 ,8 0 6 .5
1 ,8 0 0 .7
1 ,7 9 2 .5
1 ,7 7 1 .9
1 ,7 7 7 .6
1 ,7 7 3 .1
F u rn itu re a n d re la te d
p ro d u c ts .........................................
M is c e lla n e o u s m an u fa ctu rin g
6 4 2 .4
6 0 4 .6
6 0 9 .4
6 0 9 .0
6 0 4 .3
5 9 9 .8
5 9 6 .9
5 9 4 .2
589 .1
5 8 7 .0
5 8 2 .9
5 8 2 .0
5 7 6 .4
7 1 4 .5
5 7 6 .4
6 9 1 .9
692.1
5 7 5 .2
6 9 2 .2
6 9 1 .4
6 9 0 .9
6 8 8 .3
6 91.1
6 8 7 .9
6 8 6 .0
6 8 4 .5
6 8 3 .0
6 8 2 .0
6 7 7 .8
6 7 6 .0
Nondurable goods...................
6 ,1 0 7
5 ,7 8 9
5 ,7 9 3
5 ,7 9 3
5 ,761
5,761
5 ,7 4 3
5 ,7 2 9
5 ,7 0 4
5 ,7 0 0
P roduction w o rk e rs ................
5 ,6 8 6
5 ,671
4 ,5 1 4
5 ,6 4 8
4 ,2 4 9
5 ,6 3 2
5 ,6 0 7
4 ,2 5 3
4 ,2 5 4
4 ,2 2 3
4 ,2 2 3
4 ,211
4 ,201
4 ,1 7 8
4 ,1 7 2
4,161
4 ,1 3 3
4 ,1 1 2
4 ,0 9 8
4 ,0 7 6
F o o d m a n u fa ctu rin g ....................
1 ,5 5 1 .2
1,5 2 5.1
1 ,5 2 3 .8
1 ,5 2 0 .3
1 ,5 1 4 .5
1 ,5 1 8 .0
1 ,5 2 0 .0
1 ,5 2 0 .0
1 ,5 1 8 .5
1,5 1 7.1
1 ,5 1 4 .7
1 ,5 1 3 .3
1 ,5 1 2 .3
1 ,5 1 2 .4
1 ,5 1 1 .9
2 0 9 .0
2 0 5 .4
2 0 6 .8
2 0 6 .0
2 0 5 .0
2 0 5 .3
2 03.1
2 0 0 .2
2 0 0 .2
1 9 9 .0
T e x tile m ills.....................................
1 9 8 .2
196.1
1 9 4 .6
3 3 2 .9
1 9 5 .4
2 9 3 .2
2 9 3 .0
1 9 4 .9
2 9 4 .2
2 9 1 .3
2 8 9 .6
2 8 7 .5
2 8 6 .8
2 8 4 .9
2 8 5 .2
T e x tile p roduct m ills.....................
2 8 3 .7
2 8 1 .6
2 0 5 .7
2 7 7 .8
1 9 6 .2
2 7 2 .7
2 6 9 .7
1 9 6 .3
196.1
1 9 5 .6
1 9 5 .2
1 9 5 .4
1 9 4 .9
1 9 3 .7
1 9 1 .7
A p p a re l.............................................
1 92 .6
1 9 2 .6
4 2 6 .5
1 9 0 .6
3 5 7 .6
1 8 8 .7
3 6 1 .5
1 8 7 .6
3 5 7 .9
3 5 4 .2
3 5 2 .0
3 4 6 .7
3 4 3 .2
3 3 7 .2
3 3 1 .8
L e a th e r a n d a llied p ro d u c ts.....
3 2 5 .9
3 22.1
5 8 .0
3 1 8 .4
4 9 .9
3 1 3 .2
4 9 .9
3 0 6 .8
5 1 .5
4 8 .9
4 8 .7
4 8 .6
4 7 .7
4 7 .3
4 6 .7
P a p e r a n d p a p e r p ro d u c ts........
4 6 .0
4 5 .8
5 7 7 .6
4 4 .8
5 4 9 .8
4 4 .4
5 5 0 .4
4 3 .3
5 4 9 .5
5 4 8 .9
5 4 7 .7
5 4 5 .6
5 4 4 .6
5 4 1 .5
5 3 9 .7
5 3 8 .5
5 35 .1
5 34.1
5 3 1 .9
5 3 0 .5
6 9 6 .4
6 9 4 .0
B e v e ra g e s a n d to b a c co
p ro d u c ts .........................................
Printing a n d re la te d s u pport
a ctiv ities .........................................
7 6 8 .4
7 0 9 .9
7 1 0 .5
7 0 9 .4
7 0 4 .2
7 0 2 .4
7 0 1 .3
6 9 7 .5
6 8 9 .8
6 9 4 .5
P e tro le u m a n d coal products...
6 9 4 .0
121.1
119.1
6 9 4 .8
6 9 5 .3
1 1 8 .3
1 1 8 .7
1 1 8 .6
1 1 9 .2
1 1 8 .7
1 1 9 .4
1 1 9 .7
1 2 0 .4
C h e m ic a ls ........................................
1 2 0 .4
1 2 0 .3
9 5 9 .0
1 1 9 .2
9 2 9 .5
1 1 9 .3
9 2 9 .2
9 2 8 .4
1 1 8 .5
9 2 6 .7
9 3 0 .5
925.1
9 2 4 .7
9 2 5 .8
9 2 6 .0
9 2 4 .2
9 2 2 .5
9 2 1 .7
9 2 0 .6
P lastics a n d ru b b e r products..
9 1 7 .9
8 9 7 .4
8 5 3 .5
8 5 3 .7
8 6 0 .8
8 5 3 .3
8 5 2 .2
8 5 1 .0
8 50.1
8 4 5 .4
8 4 8 .0
8 4 7 .4
845 .1
8 3 9 .2
8 3 7 .7
8 3 1 .9
SERVICE-PROVIDING..................
1 0 7 ,9 5 2
1 0 7 ,7 5 7
1 0 7 ,7 4 4
1 0 7 ,6 1 6
1 0 7 ,6 9 7
1 0 7 ,7 9 2
1 0 7 ,9 7 3
1 0 8 ,0 0 0
1 0 7 ,8 7 5
1 0 8 ,0 6 8
1 0 8 ,0 4 4
1 0 7 ,9 2 5
1 0 7 ,9 4 3
1 0 7 ,8 8 8
1 0 7 ,8 6 5
8 6 ,3 1 9
8 6 ,4 9 2
8 6 ,4 5 6
8 6 ,3 7 8
8 6 ,4 1 7
8 6 ,4 0 4
8 6 ,3 8 2
PRIVATE SERVICE
PROVIDING...............................
8 6 ,8 3 4
8 6 ,2 6 7
8 6 ,2 5 2
8 6 ,1 6 8
8 6 ,2 1 8
8 6 ,2 6 6
8 6 ,4 2 9
8 6 ,4 6 0
Trade, transportation,
and utilities................................
Wholesale trade........................
2 5 ,9 8 3
2 5 ,4 9 3
2 5 ,5 3 0
2 5 ,5 1 3
2 5 ,4 5 8
2 5 ,4 3 0
2 5 ,4 3 9
2 5 ,4 0 6
2 5 ,3 7 6
2 5 ,3 4 6
2 5 ,3 3 8
5 ,7 7 2 .7
2 5 ,3 2 1
2 5 ,2 8 2
5 ,6 4 1 .0
5 ,6 4 9 .8
2 5 ,2 3 6
5 ,6 4 1 .5
5 ,6 2 4 .4
5 ,6 2 5 .2
5 ,6 1 8 .9
5 ,6 0 4 .9
5 ,6 0 3 .9
5 ,5 9 6 .0
D u ra b le g o o d s ............................... .
5 ,5 9 6 .2
5 ,5 9 4 .0
3 1 3 0 .4
5 ,5 9 0 .8
3 0 0 7 .2
5 ,5 8 2 .0
3 ,0 1 1 .6
5 ,5 7 0 .9
3 ,0 0 6.1
2 ,9 9 1 .1
2 ,9 9 5 .7
2 ,9 9 0 .8
2 ,9 8 4 .3
2 ,9 7 8 .7
2 ,9 6 7 .9
N o n d u ra b le g o o d s ......................
2 ,9 6 7 .0
2 ,9 6 1 .2
2 ,9 5 7 .7
2 0 3 1 .3
2 ,9 5 2 .2
2 01 5.1
2 ,9 4 6 .4
2 0 1 8 .2
2 0 1 7 .2
2 0 1 5 .7
2 0 1 3 .3
2 01 0.1
2 0 0 4 .3
2 0 0 9 .6
2 0 1 1 .5
2 0 1 0 .7
2 0 1 3 .6
2 0 1 3 .3
2 0 0 9 .9
2 0 0 5 .9
a g e n ts a n d b ro k e rs ...................
611 .1
6 1 8 .8
6 2 0 .0
6 1 8 .2
6 1 7 .6
6 1 6 .2
6 1 8 .0
6 1 6 .3
6 1 5 .6
6 1 6 .6
6 1 8 .5
6 1 9 .2
6 1 9 .8
Retail trade.................................
6 1 9 .9
6 1 8 .6
1 5 ,2 3 8 .6
1 5 ,0 4 7 .2
1 5 ,0 6 5 .0
1 5 ,0 6 1 .9
1 5 ,0 3 3 .3
1 5 ,0 1 6 .0
1 5 ,0 2 5 .2
1 5 ,0 1 4 .0
1 5 ,0 0 5 .6
1 5 ,0 0 9 .2
1 4 ,9 8 7 .3
1 4 ,9 9 4 .7
1 4 ,9 9 9 .6
1 4 ,9 7 9 .0
1 4 ,9 5 9 .4
1 ,8 5 4 .6
1,225.1
1 ,8 7 9 .2
1 ,2 5 0 .4
1 ,8 8 3 .3
1,251.1
1 ,8 8 4 .2
1 ,2 5 2 .4
1 ,8 8 3 .2
1 ,2 5 2 .4
1 ,8 8 2 .6
1 ,2 5 3 .0
1 ,8 8 6 .8
1 ,2 5 4 .9
1 ,8 8 3 .8
1 ,2 5 5 .0
1 ,8 7 8 .9
1 ,2 4 9 .6
1 ,8 7 6 .8
1 ,2 4 5 .5
1 ,8 7 4 .9
1,2 4 2.1
1 ,8 7 5 .5
1 ,2 4 1 .5
1 ,8 7 5 .4
1 ,2 4 2 .0
1 ,8 7 9 .2
1 ,2 4 4 .3
1 880 8
5 4 1 .2
5 3 9 .9
5 3 7 .8
5 4 0 .2
5 4 1 .8
5 4 3 .5
5 4 6 .8
5 4 8 .7
5 4 8 .4
5 4 9 .9
5 5 2 .0
5 4 7 .6
5 4 9 .2
5 4 5 .4
5 4 7 .5
5 5 4 .5
5 2 8 .8
5 2 7 .6
5 2 7 .0
5 2 5 .0
5 2 4 .6
5 2 6 .4 J
5 2 9 .3
5 2 9 .8
5 3 1 .6 )
5 2 6 .9 )
5 2 4 .8
5 2 5 .2
5 2 3 .8
5 2 2 .8
2 5 ,3 7 8
E le c tro n ic m a rk e ts a n d
M o to r v eh ic le s a n d parts
d e a le rs 1........................................
A u to m o b ile d e a le rs ....................
F u rn itu re a n d h o m e
fu rn ish in g s s to re s ................
E le c tro n ics a n d a p p lia n c e
s to re s ........................................
S e e n o te s a t e n d of ta b le.
70
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
1 Ì2 4 6 .3
12. Continued—Employment of workers on nonfarm payrolls by industry, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
Industry
2001
2002
2003
2002
Annual average
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June’’
Building m aterial and ga rden
Food a n d b e v e ra g e sto re s.......
1 ,1 5 1 .8
1,179.1
1 ,1 8 2 .6
1 ,1 8 6 .9
1 ,1 8 5.2
1,1 8 2.2
1 ,1 8 4.2
1 ,1 8 4 .2
1 ,1 8 3 .9
1 ,1 9 0 .6
1 ,1 8 3 .6
1 ,1 8 1 .8
1 ,1 8 9 .0
1 ,1 8 8 .5
1 ,1 9 3 .4
2 ,9 5 0 .5
2 ,8 7 1 .6
2 ,8 7 2 .0
2 ,8 5 8 .7
2,857.1
2 ,8 5 1 .7
2 ,8 5 2 .5
2 ,8 4 2 .5
2 ,8 3 3 .5
2 ,8 2 7 .0
2 ,8 2 0 .2
2 ,8 2 2 .9
2 ,8 2 2 .0
2 ,8 2 2 .5
2 ,8 1 0 .7
H ealth a n d personal care
9 5 1 .5
9 4 6 .6
9 4 4 .7
9 4 7 .0
9 4 7 .7
9 4 9 .7
9 4 9 .2
9 4 9 .5
9 5 2 .5
9 5 6 .8
960.1
9 6 2 .6
9 6 6 .2
9 6 5 .7
9 6 8 .3
9 2 5 .3
9 0 3 .6
9 0 2 .4
9 0 2 .9
9 0 2 .2
9 0 3 .6
9 0 3 .6
9 0 3 .7
9 0 4 .2
9 0 5 .2
9 0 5 .0
907.1
9 1 0 .9
9 0 8 .8
9 0 7 .5
1.321.1
1 ,3 0 7.8
1 ,3 0 7 .8
1 ,3 1 3.0
1 ,3 1 1 .7
1 ,3 0 4 .4
1 ,3 0 7 .4
1 ,3 0 4 .5
1 ,3 0 8 .5
1 ,2 9 1 .2
1 ,2 7 9 .7
1 ,2 8 2 .8
1 ,2 8 8 .3
1 ,2 8 0 .7
1 ,2 7 5 .8
C lothing a n d clothing
Sporting goods, hobby,
book, a n d m usic s to re s ...........
6 7 9 .2
660.1
6 6 8 .4
6 6 5 .6
6 6 2 .7
6 5 7 .8
6 5 5 .3
650.1
6 3 7 .8
6 5 3 .5
6 5 2 .6
6 5 0 .8
6 4 6 .3
6 4 5 .2
6 4 1 .8
G en e ra l m erc h a n d ise stores 1.
2 .8 4 2 .2
2 .8 2 0 .7
2 ,8 2 7 .5
2 ,8 2 8 .3
2 .8 0 9 .0
2 ,8 0 9 .2
2,809.1
2 ,8 1 7 .5
2 ,8 2 7 .6
2 ,8 3 4 .2
2 ,8 3 8 .8
2 ,8 4 6 .4
2 ,8 3 5 .8
2 ,8 3 3 .1
2 .8 2 7 .7
1 .7 6 8 .3
1 .7 0 9 .8
1 ,7 0 6 .8
1 ,7 0 5 .7
1 .6 9 5.0
1 ,6 9 4 .5
1 ,6 9 6 .6
1 ,7 1 2.0
1 ,7 2 7 .5
1 ,7 2 0 .9
1 ,7 1 8 .6
1 ,7 1 0 .6
1 ,6 9 5 .5
1 ,6 9 0 .3
1 .6 8 6 .7
9 9 3 .3
9 6 2 .5
9 6 3 .7
962.1
9 6 1 .0
9 6 0 .8
9 6 0 .8
9 5 7 .2
9 5 4 .6
9 5 2 .4
949.1
9 4 9 .8
9 4 8 .6
944 .1
9 4 1 .9
4 7 3 .5
4 4 7 .3
4 4 7 .2
4 4 6 .0
4 4 6 .7
4 4 5 .9
443.1
4 4 3 .0
4 4 5 .9
4 4 0 .0
4 4 4 .4
4 4 2 .6
4 4 2 .7
4 4 2 .0
4 4 1 .8
4 ,3 7 2 .0
4 ,2 0 5 .3
4 ,2 1 4 .4
4 ,2 0 9 .0
4 ,2 0 0 .4
4 ,1 8 8 .4
4 ,1 9 4 .6
4 ,1 8 8 .9
4 ,1 7 0 .7
4 ,1 7 4 .6
4 ,1 6 6 .7
4 ,1 5 3 .8
4 ,1 3 6 .3
4 ,1 2 8 .5
4 ,1 1 6 .1
6 1 5 .3
5 5 9 .3
5 6 5 .2
5 6 4 .0
561.1
5 5 9 .0
5 5 6 .3
5 5 6 .3
5 5 3 .9
5 5 1 .3
5 4 5 .8
5 3 7 .3
5 2 5 .6
5 1 6 .4
5 0 7 .9
2 2 6 .7
218.1
2 1 5 .0
216.1
2 1 6 .3
2 1 5 .5
215.1
2 1 6 .8
2 1 6 .3
2 1 5 .7
2 1 5 .3
2 1 5 .3
2 1 6 .5
2 16 .1
2 1 7 .4
M iscellaneous store re tailers..
Transportation and
T ru c k tra nsportation....................
5 4 .0
5 1 .6
5 1 .3
5 0 .7
5 0 .8
5 0 .4
5 0 .4
5 0 .3
5 0 .3
5 0 .6
5 0 .5
50.1
4 9 .9
5 0 .3
5 0 .2
1 ,3 8 6 .8
1,339.1
1 ,3 3 9 .9
1 ,3 3 4 .5
1 ,3 3 2 .9
1 ,3 3 0 .4
1 ,3 3 6.2
1 ,3 3 3 .2
1 ,3 3 1 .9
1 ,3 2 7 .6
1 ,3 2 4 .3
1,328.1
1 ,3 2 4 .4
1 ,3 2 4 .4
1,3 2 7.1
3 7 4 .8
3 7 1 .5
3 7 4 .0
3 7 7 .4
3 7 2 .7
3 6 4 .7
365.1
3 6 3 .3
3 6 0 .8
3 5 8 .0
3 5 7 .5
3 5 1 .9
3 5 3 .0
3 5 0 .4
3 4 8 .5
4 5 .4
4 1 .5
4 1 .5
41.1
4 0 .7
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
4 0 .2
4 0 .2
4 0 .0
3 9 .8
4 0 .2
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
3 9 .9
29.1
2 5 .9
2 6 .2
2 6 .7
2 6 .9
2 6 .7
2 6 .2
2 5 .7
2 5 .6
2 4 .0
2 5 .6
27.1
2 8 .5
29.1
2 9 .4
Tra n sit a n d ground p assenger
S ce n ic and sig htseein g
S u p p o rt activities for
5 3 9 .2
5 2 6 .7
531.1
5 2 8 .2
5 2 7 .6
525.1
528.1
5 2 8 .2
5 3 1 .2
5 2 7 .7
5 2 7 .9
5 2 5 .9
5 2 2 .7
5 2 7 .8
5 2 3 .9
C ouriers a n d m e s s en g ers ........
5 8 7 .0
5 58 .0
5 5 9 .4
5 5 9 .0
5 5 6 .8
5 5 8 .6
5 5 7 .5
5 5 6 .3
5 4 5 .0
5 6 1 .4
5 5 8 .9
5 6 3 .3
5 6 1 .6
5 6 0 .8
5 6 0 .9
W are h o u sin g and storage
5 1 3 .8
5 1 3 .6
5 1 0 .8
5 1 1 .3
5 1 4 .6
5 1 7 .5
5 1 9 .3
5 1 8 .6
5 1 5 .5
5 1 8 .3
521.1
5 1 4 .6
5 1 3 .8
5 1 2 .9
5 1 0 .9
5994
5 9 9 .8
6 0 0 .9
6 0 0 .5
6 0 0 .0
600.1
6 0 0 .6
5 9 8 .3
5 9 7 .3
5 9 6 .4
5 9 5 .9
5 9 5 .3
5 9 4 .6
5 9 2 .3
5 8 9 .4
3 ,6 2 9
3 ,4 2 0
3 ,4 2 4
3 ,4 1 0
3,401
3 ,3 8 3
3 ,3 9 2
3 ,3 8 2
3 ,3 5 3
3 ,3 2 8
3 ,3 0 8
3 ,3 0 5
3 ,3 0 3
3 ,2 9 4
3 ,2 8 7
1 ,0 2 0 .7
9 6 9 .4
9 6 7 .3
9 6 7 .6
9 6 6 .9
965.1
9 6 4 .7
9 6 2 .6
9 6 2 .2
9 5 4 .0
9 5 5 .3
9 5 3 .5
9 5 0 .8
9 4 7 .2
9 4 4 .9
3 7 6 .8
387.1
3 8 9 .8
3 8 6 .0
387.1
3 8 4 .0
3 9 4 .7
3 9 4 .3
3 8 1 .6
3 7 7 .8
3 6 7 .0
3 6 9 .3
371.1
3 7 3 .4
3 7 3 .2
3 4 4 .6
3 3 3 .8
3 3 5 .0
3 3 3 .2
3 3 2 .0
3 3 0 .5
3 3 0 .3
3 3 1 .0
332.1
3 2 7 .2
3 2 5 .0
3 2 5 .7
3 2 5 .0
3 2 4 .4
3 2 3 .8
Utilities.......................................
Publishing industries, e xcep t
M otio n picture a n d sound
Broadcasting, e xc ep t Internet..
In tern et publishing and
4 5 .5
3 4 .8
3 4 .7
3 4 .3
3 4 .9
3 3 .9
3 4 .2
3 3 .0
3 2 .9
3 3 .0
3 3 .3
3 3 .6
3 3 .8
3 3 .5
3 4 .6
1,302.1
1 ,2 0 0 .9
1 ,2 0 3 .2
1 ,1 9 5 .4
1 ,1 8 8 .8
1 ,1 8 0.2
1 ,1 7 7 .7
1 ,1 7 4 .9
1 ,1 6 2 .5
1 ,1 5 8 .7
1 ,1 5 1 .4
1 ,1 4 6 .9
1 ,1 4 5 .0
1,138.1
1 ,1 3 2 .9
4 9 3 .6
4 4 7 .4
4 4 6 .9
4 4 5 .2
4 4 4 .5
443.1
4 4 4 .0
439.1
4 3 5 .8
4 3 0 .3
4 2 9 .5
4 3 0 .4
4 3 1 .3
4 3 1 .4
4 3 2 .3
46.1
4 6 .6
4 6 .8
4 7 .8
4 7 .2
4 6 .3
4 6 .5
4 6 .9
4 5 .8
4 6 .5
4 6 .3
4 6 .0
4 6 .0
4 5 .5
4 5 .2
7 ,8 0 7
7 ,8 4 3
7 ,8 3 0
7 ,8 3 0
7 ,8 3 0
7,851
7 ,8 7 2
7 ,8 8 0
7 ,8 8 9
7 ,9 0 2
7 ,9 1 6
7 ,9 3 0
7 ,9 5 6
7,9 7 1
7 ,9 7 7
5 7 7 3 .1 .
5 ,8 1 4 .9
5 ,7 9 9 .3
5 ,8 0 2 .2
5 ,8 0 4 .0
5 ,8 2 0 .8
5,841.1
5,851.1
5 ,8 6 1 .0
5 ,8 7 2 .4
5 ,8 8 5 .2
5 ,8 9 4 .8
5 ,9 1 2 .0
5 ,9 2 3 .2
5 ,9 2 6.1
2 3 .0
23.1
2 3 .2
2 3 .2
23.1
2 3 .0
2 2 .9
2 3 .0
2 2 .7
2 2 .7
2 2 .3
2 2 .3
2 2 .2
2 2 .2
22.1
2 ,5 9 7 .7
2 ,6 8 2 .3
2 ,6 6 7 .9
2 ,6 7 7 .5
2 ,6 8 2 .3
2 ,6 9 6 .5
2 ,7 1 4 .0
2 ,7 2 2 .8
2,7 2 9.1
2 ,7 3 4 .9
2 ,7 4 1 .9
2 ,7 5 2 .3
2 ,7 6 5 .8
2 ,7 8 1 .8
2 ,7 8 5 .1
interm ediation1........................
1 ,7 0 1 .2
1 ,7 3 8 .2
1 ,7 3 5 .3
1 ,7 3 7 .7
1 ,7 3 9 .6
1 ,7 4 1 .4
1 ,7 4 5 .6
1 ,7 4 8 .3
1 ,7 5 1 .3
1.755.1
1,757.1
1 .7 6 2 .3
1 ,7 6 4 .4
1 ,7 6 7 .9
1 ,7 6 8 .8
C o m m ercial banking.............
S ecurities, com m odity
1 ,2 5 8 .4
1 ,2 8 4 .7
1 ,2 8 3 .0
1 ,2 8 4 .3
1 ,2 8 5.3
1 ,2 8 5.7
1 ,2 8 8 .8
1 ,2 9 1.2
1 ,2 9 2 .8
1.296.1
1 ,2 9 7.5
1 .3 0 0 .4
1 ,3 0 0 .6
1 ,3 0 2 .4
1,302.1
8 0 2 .3
803.1
7 9 9 .3
7 9 8 .8
7 9 6 .9
7 9 7 .6
T e le c o m m u n ica tio n s..................
IS P s , sea rch portals, and
O th e r in form ation serv ices......
M o n e ta ry authorities—
C re d it interm ediation and
Depository credit
8 3 0 .5
8 0 0 .8
8 0 3 .4
7 9 7 .2
7 9 5 .7
7 9 7 .6
7 9 6 .9
7 9 8 .2
7 9 9 .4
2 ,2 3 3 .7
2,2 2 3.1
2 ,2 1 9 .3
2,2 1 9.1
2 ,2 1 8 .5
2 ,2 1 9 .0
2 ,2 2 2 .2
2 ,2 2 2 .7
2 ,2 2 5 .7
2 ,2 2 8 .5
2 ,2 3 3 .9
2 ,2 3 6 .8
2 ,2 4 1 .8
2 ,2 3 9 .4
2 ,2 3 9 .1
8 8.3
85.6
8 5.5
85.2
8 4 .4
8 4 .7
85.1
8 4 .4
84.1
8 4 .0
84.0
84.1
8 3.4
8 2 .9
8 2 .2
2 ,0 3 4 .5
2 ,0 2 7 .8
2 ,0 3 1 .0
2,028.1
2 ,0 2 6 .0
2 ,0 3 0 .4
2,0 3 1.1
2 ,0 2 9 .2
2 ,0 2 8 .3
2 ,0 2 9 .2
2 ,0 3 0.6
2 ,0 3 4 .7
2 ,0 4 4 .2
2 ,0 4 7 .8
2 ,0 5 0 .9
1,339.5
1,347.7
1,345.0
1,342.2
1,3 4 2.3
1,3 5 0.7
1,3 5 4.4
1,3 5 7.3
1,3 5 5.7
1,3 5 3.8
1,356.9
1,3 5 9.9
1,3 6 6.4
1,36 7.3
1 ,3 6 6 .8
6 66.3
652.3
657.1
656.6
6 55 .7
652.1
6 48 .9
6 44 .9
645 .8
6 48 .7
646.7
6 47 .0
6 49.4
651 .4
6 5 4 .8
28.7
27.8
28.6
29.C
28.0
2 7.6
2 7.8
27.0
26.8
26.7
27.C
27.8
28.4
2 9.1
2 9 .3
16,476
16.01C
16,026
15,976
16,008
16,008
16,036
16,014
15,972
16,015
16,048
15,980
15,989
16,002
1 6 ,0 0 8
6,902.2
6,715.6
6,693.6
6,690.6
6,7 0 4.8
6,714.8
6,738.2
6,7 3 1.9
6,7 1 6.9
6,745.8
6,790.£
6,7 5 8.4
6,742.2
6,69 8.1
6 ,6 7 5 .0
1,091.2
1,111.6
1,108.6
1,107.6
1.111.C
1,116.2
1,121.7
1,120.6
1,120.2
1,119.6
1,124.1
1,125.7
1,127.6
1,125.6
1 ,1 2 5 .7
8 4 6 .0
1 ,2 3 6 .4
Insu rance carriers and
Funds, trusts, and other
R e al e s ta te a n d rental
,
R ental a n d leasing s e rv ice s...
Lessors of nonfinancial
Professional and business
Professional and technical
Legal s erv ice s .......................... .
Accounting a n d bookkeepinc
872.2
867 .
868.5
867.6
873.1
876.4
882.7
1 ,2 7 4 .'
1 ,2 5 1.
1,247.6
1 ,2 4 7 .'
1,248.6
1,248.6
1,251.2
884.C
872.6
910.6
941.2
913.6
899.6
866.C
1,252.6
1,238.6
1,2 4 7.!
1,246.6
1 ,2 4 2 .!
1,2 4 1 .*
Architectural a n d engineerin 3
serv ice s ....................................
1,252.1
S e e notes a t e n d of ta b le .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
71
Current Labor Statistics:
Labor Force Data
12. Continued—Employment of workers on nonfarm payrolls by industry, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
Industry
Annual average
2002
2003
2001
2002
June
July
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
1 ,2 9 7 .8
1 ,1 6 2 .7
1 ,1 5 7 .9
1 ,1 6 2.1
1 ,1 5 4 .5
1 ,1 5 0 .7
1 ,1 5 3 .4
1 ,1 5 0.1
1 ,1 4 2 .7
1 ,1 4 2 .8
1 ,1 4 4 .3
1 ,1 4 4 .5
1 ,1 5 1 .9
1 ,1 4 6 .6
1 ,1 4 3 .5
7 4 6 .2
7 3 1 .8
727 .1
7 2 3 .6
7 3 5 .8
7 36.1
7 3 4 .0
7 3 3 .4
7 3 9 .8
7 3 4 .8
7 3 6 .2
7 3 5 .5
7 3 2 .9
7 3 4 .0
7 3 1 .6
1 ,7 7 9 .0
1,7 1 1.1
1 ,7 1 2 .5
1 ,7 0 7 .3
1 ,7 0 4 .6
1 ,7 0 6 .0
1 ,7 0 3 .9
1 ,6 9 9 .0
1 ,6 9 4 .2
1 ,6 9 6 .8
1 ,6 9 7.1
1 ,6 9 7 .9
1 ,6 9 7 .0
1 ,6 9 6 .0
1 ,6 8 9 .9
7 ,7 9 4 .9
7 ,5 8 3 .8
7 ,6 2 0 .3
7 ,5 7 4 .7
7 ,5 9 8 .2
7 ,5 8 7 .3
7 ,5 9 4 .0
7 ,5 8 3 .0
7 ,5 6 1 .0
7 ,5 7 2 .9
7 ,5 5 5 .7
7 ,5 2 3 .3
7 ,5 4 9 .4
7 ,6 0 8 .3
7 ,6 4 3 .5
Junep
C o m p u te r s y s te m s d e sig n
a n d re la te d s e rv ic e s ............. .
M a n a g e m e n t a n d te c h n ic a l
co n su ltin g s e rv ic e s ................
M a n a g e m e n t o f c o m p a n ie s
a n d e n te rp ris e s .............................
A d m in is tra tiv e a n d w a s te
s e rv ic e s ............................................
A d m in is tra tiv e a n d s upport
serv io n s 1......................................
7 ,4 7 7 .6
7 ,2 6 6 .8
7 ,3 0 3 .5
7 ,2 5 7 .4
7 ,2 8 1 .6
7 ,2 7 3 .6
7 ,2 7 9 .2
7 ,2 7 1 .1
7 ,2 4 4 .9
7 ,2 5 5 .5
7 ,2 3 9 .9
7 ,2 0 7 .8
7 ,2 3 0 .5
F m n lo v m e n t s e rv ic e s 1...........
3 ,4 3 7 .1
7 ,2 8 8 .6
7 ,3 2 5 .6
3 ,2 4 8 .8
3 ,2 8 3 .4
3 ,2 4 6 .5
3 ,2 6 8 .8
3 ,2 5 5 .2
3 ,2 6 0 .8
3 ,2 5 6 .8
3 ,2 5 9 .2
3 ,2 9 2 .7
3 ,2 8 7 .8
3 ,2 4 5 .9
T e m p o ra ry h e lp s e rv ic e s ....
3 ,2 4 2 .2
3 ,2 9 1 .7
2 .3 3 7 .7
3 ,3 3 1 .4
2 ,1 8 5 .7
2 ,2 2 2 .3
2 ,1 7 2 .8
2 ,2 1 9 .1
2 ,2 0 2 .1
2 ,1 9 2 .6
2 ,1 7 4 .4
2 ,1 5 9 .4
2 ,1 7 0 .2
2 ,1 5 1 .6
2 ,1 3 5 .9
B u s in es s s u p p o rt s e r v ic e s ....
2 ,1 3 1 .2
7 7 9 .7
2 ,1 7 7 .6
2 ,2 1 1 .3
7 5 7 .0
7 4 7 .3
7 4 5 .8
7 4 3 .0
7 4 2 .8
7 49.1
7 5 5 .8
7 5 7 .0
7 4 6 .0
7 4 3 .8
7 4 6 .5
7 48 .1
7 4 7 .9
7 4 6 .5
1 ,6 0 6 .2
1 ,5 9 7 .3
1 ,6 0 0 .8
1 ,6 0 4 .3
1 ,6 0 4 .6
1 ,6 1 1 .0
1 ,6 0 6 .7
1 ,6 0 1 .0
1 ,5 9 1 .7
1 ,5 8 5 .8
1 ,5 8 0 .4
1 ,5 7 6 .4
1 ,5 8 7 .4
1 ,5 9 6 .3
1 ,6 0 0 .6
3 1 7 .3
3 1 6 .9
3 1 6 .8
3 1 7 .3
3 1 6 .6
3 1 3 .7
3 1 4 .8
3 1 1 .9
3 16 .1
3 1 7 .4
3 1 5 .8
3 1 5 .5
3 1 8 .9
3 1 9 .7
3 1 7 .9
S e rv ic e s to buildings
a n d d w e llin g s ............................
W a s te m a n a g e m e n t a n d
re m e d ia tio n s e rv ic e s ................
Educational and health
services..............................
1 5 ,6 4 5
1 6 ,1 8 4
1 6 ,1 8 3
1 6 ,1 9 4
16,2 41
1 6 ,2 7 3
1 6 ,3 1 5
1 6 ,3 5 7
1 6 ,3 7 3
1 6 ,4 0 5
1 6 ,4 3 0
1 6 ,4 5 2
1 6 ,4 8 3
1 6 ,5 0 9
2 ,5 1 0 .6
1 6 ,5 0 4
2 ,6 5 0 .6
2 ,6 5 9 .5
2 ,6 6 2 .5
2 ,6 6 5 .5
2 ,6 7 1 .3
2 ,6 8 1 .3
2 ,6 9 0 .3
2 ,6 9 5 .1
2 ,7 0 0 .0
2 ,7 0 7 .4
2 ,7 1 1 .5
2 ,7 0 8 .8
2 ,7 1 8 .1
2 ,6 8 6 .2
1 3 ,1 3 4 .0
1 3 ,5 3 3 .2
1 3 ,5 2 3 .4
1 3 ,5 3 1 .9
1 3 ,5 7 5 .4
1 3 ,6 0 1 .4
1 3 ,6 3 3 .3
1 3 ,6 6 6 .5
1 3 ,6 7 7 .5
1 3 ,7 0 4 .5
1 3 ,7 2 2 .6
1 3 ,7 4 0 .5
1 3 ,7 7 4 .2
1 3 ,7 9 0 .7
1 3 ,8 1 7 .6
s e rv ic e s 1......................................
O ffic e s o f p h y s ic ia n s ................
4 ,4 6 1 .5
4 ,6 3 3 .4
4 ,6 2 1 .7
4 ,6 2 4 .9
4 ,6 4 9 .4
4 ,6 7 5 .0
4 ,6 9 2 .0
4 ,7 0 8 .5
4 ,7 1 2 .5
4 ,7 1 8 .5
4 ,7 2 7 .6
4 ,7 3 9 .1
4 ,7 5 3 .7
1 ,9 1 1 .2
4 ,7 6 4 .8
1 ,9 8 2 .6
4 ,7 8 2 .1
1 ,9 7 1 .8
1 ,9 8 4 .7
1 ,9 9 3 .0
2 ,0 0 1 .3
2 ,0 0 9 .0
2 ,0 1 7 .7
2 ,0 2 2 .1
2 ,0 2 3 .4
2 ,0 3 1 .5
O u tp a tie n t c a re c e n te rs ...........
2 ,0 3 7 .4
2 ,0 4 1 .7
3 9 9 .7
2 ,0 4 5 .9
4 0 9 .7
4 0 7 .7
2 ,0 5 1 .4
4 0 9 .3
4 0 9 .5
4 11 .1
4 1 2 .2
4 1 2 .3
4 1 2 .2
4 1 2 .0
4 1 1 .8
H o m e h e a lth c a re s e rv ic e s ...
4 12 .1
6 3 8 .6
4 1 2 .8
4 1 3 .1
6 75 .1
6 78.1
4 1 6 .0
6 7 2 .3
6 7 4 .5
6 8 1 .9
6 8 7 .9
6 8 9 .6
6 9 3 .0
6 9 4 .2
6 9 3 .0
H o s p ita ls ..........................................
6 9 8 .6
7 0 2 .9
7 0 5 .3
7 1 0 .1
4 ,0 5 0 .9
4 ,1 5 3 .1
4 ,1 4 9 .7
4 ,1 5 9 .6
4 ,1 6 5 .4
4 ,1 7 3 .7
4 ,1 7 9 .0
4 ,1 8 7 .0
4 ,1 9 0 .4
4 ,1 9 7 .8
4 ,2 0 4 .7
4 ,2 1 0 .9
4 ,2 1 4 .0
4 ,2 1 8 .1
4 ,2 2 7 .2
2 ,6 7 5 .8
2 ,7 4 3 .2
2 ,7 3 9 .3
2 ,7 4 6 .1
2 ,7 5 1 .7
2 ,7 5 7 .1
2 ,7 6 3 .4
2 ,7 6 6 .1
2 ,7 7 0 .1
2 ,7 7 0 .8
2 ,7 7 6 .4
2 ,7 8 4 .4
2 ,7 8 7 .9
2 ,7 9 0 .4
1 ,5 7 9 .6
1 ,5 8 0 .8
1 ,5 8 0 .9
1 ,5 7 9 .2
1 ,5 8 2 .0
1 ,5 8 2 .5
1 ,5 8 2 .7
1 ,5 8 6 .2
1 ,5 8 7 .0
1 ,5 8 9 .7
2 ,0 0 1 .0
2 ,0 0 5 .2
2 ,0 0 7 .6
2 ,0 0 8 .5
2 ,0 1 8 .1
2 ,0 1 9 .5
2 ,0 1 4 .1
2 ,0 2 2 .1
2 ,0 1 9 .9
2 ,0 1 7 .9
E d u ca tio n a l s e rv ic e s ......................
H e a lth c a r e a n d s ocial
a s s is ta n c e .........................................
A m b u la to ry h e a lth c a re
N u rs in g a n d re sid e n tial
c a r e fa c ilitie s 1..............................
N u rs in g c a re fa c ilitie s................
2 ,7 4 0 .8
1 ,5 4 6 .8
1 ,5 7 3 .7
1 ,5 7 2 .4
1 ,5 7 3 .4
1 ,9 4 5 .9
2 ,0 0 3 .5
2 ,0 1 2 .7
2 ,0 0 6 .6
7 1 4 .6
7 3 4 .2
7 4 3 .2
7 6 9 .3
7 4 0 .8
7 2 5 .7
7 2 6 .2
7 2 5 .9
7 2 5 .2
7 27.1
7 2 9 .0
7 2 4 .5
7 2 4 .9
1 2 ,0 3 6
7 2 4 .9
7 2 4 .1
1 1 ,9 6 9
1 1 ,9 0 4
1 1 ,9 1 8
1 1 ,9 4 0
1 1 ,9 7 5
1 2 ,0 3 2
1 2 ,0 6 9
1 2 ,0 1 9
1 2 ,1 3 2
1 2 ,0 8 4
1 2 ,0 5 0
1 2 ,0 4 3
1 2 ,0 2 6
1 2 ,0 4 7
1 ,8 2 4 .4
1 ,7 7 8 .0
1 ,7 4 9 .9
1 ,7 4 1 .4
1 ,7 5 1 .2
1 ,7 7 2 .9
1,7 9 0.1
1 ,8 0 6 .2
1 ,8 1 7 .8
1 ,8 3 5 .6
1 ,8 0 9 .5
1 ,7 8 1 .8
1 ,7 6 4 .8
1 ,7 5 9 .2
1 ,7 5 7 .5
3 8 2 .3
3 5 7 .9
342 .1
3 3 0 .7
3 4 2 .9
3 5 3 .6
3 6 0 .9
3 69.1
3 6 7 .2
3 5 8 .7
3 5 8 .4
3 5 9 .0
3 5 6 .7
3 4 8 .8
3 4 5 .0
1 1 5 .0
1 1 2 .5
1 1 3 .0
1 1 2 .0
1 1 0 .7
1 1 1 .4
1 1 1 .2
1 1 1 .2
1 1 0 .5
1 1 1 .6
1 1 1 .2
1 0 9 .9
1 0 8 .4
1 0 9 .8
1 0 9 .8
1 ,3 2 7.1
1 ,3 0 7 .6
1 ,2 9 4 .8
1 ,2 9 8 .7
1 ,2 9 7 .6
1 ,3 0 7 .9
1 ,3 1 8 .0
1 ,3 2 5 .9
1 ,3 4 0.1
1 ,3 6 5 .3
1 ,3 3 9 .9
1 ,3 1 2 .9
1 ,2 9 9 .7
1 ,3 0 0 .6
1 ,3 0 2 .7
fo o d s e rv ic e s ...................................
1 0 ,2 1 1 .3
1 0 ,1 9 1 .2
1 0 ,1 5 3 .9
1 0 ,1 7 6 .4
1 0 ,1 8 9 .2
1 0 ,2 0 1 .7
1 0 ,2 4 1 .6
1 0 ,2 6 2 .5
1 0 ,2 0 0 .8
1 0 ,2 9 6 .1
1 0 ,2 7 4 .8
1 0 ,2 6 7 .7
1 0 ,2 7 8 .6
A c c o m m o d a tio n s ...........................
1 0 ,2 6 6 .7
1 ,8 5 2 .2
1 0 ,2 8 9 .8
1 ,7 7 9 .4
1 ,7 6 7 .4
1,7 5 9.1
1 ,7 6 2 .4
1 ,7 7 8 .2
1 ,7 8 9.1
1 ,8 0 2 .3
1 ,8 0 5 .2
1 ,8 1 2 .0
1 ,8 0 1 .7
1 ,7 8 8 .4
1 ,7 6 9 .0
1 ,7 6 3 .6
1 ,7 7 3 .4
8 ,3 5 9 .1
8 ,4 1 1 .7
8 ,3 8 6 .5
8 ,4 1 7 .3
8 ,4 2 6 .8
8 ,4 2 3 .5
8 ,4 5 2 .5
8 ,4 6 0 .6
8 ,3 9 5 .6
8 ,4 8 4 .1
8 ,4 7 3 .1
8 ,4 7 9 .3
8 ,5 0 9 .6
8 ,5 0 3 .1
8 ,5 1 6 .4
S o cia l a s s is ta n c e 1.....................
C h ild d a y c a re s e rv ic e s ...........
Leisure
and hospitality..........
2 ,0 1 4 .5
A rts, e n te rta in m e n t,
a n d re c re a tio n .................................
P e rfo rm in g a rts a n d
s p e c ta to r s p o rts ...........................
M u s e u m s , historical sites,
z o o s , a n d p a rk s ...........................
A m u s e m e n ts , g a m b lin g , a n d
re c re a tio n ........................................
A c c o m m o d a tio n s a n d
F o o d s e rv ic e s a n d drinking
p la c e s ...............................................
Other services........................
5 ,2 5 8
5 ,3 4 8
5 ,3 5 5
5 ,3 3 0
5 ,3 4 0
5 ,3 4 6
5 ,3 4 3
5 ,3 5 2
5 ,3 3 5
5 ,3 3 4
R e p a ir a n d m a in te n a n c e ...........
5 ,3 2 9
5 ,3 2 3
5 ,3 2 2
1 ,2 5 6 .5
1 ,2 4 0 .6
5 ,3 2 0
1 ,2 4 6 .5
1 ,2 4 0 .0
1 ,2 3 7 .5
1 ,2 3 3 .7
1 ,2 3 0 .4
1 ,2 3 6 .3
1 ,2 2 4 .3
1 ,2 1 8 .6
1 ,2 1 5 .3
1 ,2 1 3 .8
1 ,2 1 5 .6
1 ,2 5 5 .0
1 ,2 4 6 .7
1 ,2 1 5 .1
1,2 5 1.1
1 ,2 1 8 .3
1 ,2 4 7 .0
1 ,2 4 7 .5
1 ,2 4 0 .0
1 ,2 3 7 .5
1 ,2 3 6 .2
1 ,2 3 2 .7
1 ,2 3 5 .6
1 ,2 3 4 .8
1 ,2 2 9 .5
1 ,2 2 7 .0
1 ,2 2 6 .3
1 ,2 2 4 .8
P e rs o n a l a n d la u n d ry s erv ice s
M e m b e rs h ip a ss o c ia tio n s a n d
5 ,3 2 3
o rg a n iz a tio n s ................................
2 ,7 4 6 .4
2 ,8 6 0 .7
2 ,8 5 7 .6
2 ,8 4 3 .3
2 ,8 5 4 .8
2 ,8 7 1 .9
2 ,8 7 5 .3
2 ,8 7 9 .7
Government............................
2 ,8 7 8 .2
2 ,8 7 9 .4
2 ,8 7 9 .0
2 ,8 8 0 .0
2 ,8 7 9 .1
2 ,8 7 8 .7
2 ,8 7 9 .4
2 1 ,1 1 8
2 1 ,4 8 9
2 1 ,4 9 2
2 1 ,4 4 8
2 1 ,4 7 9
2 1 ,5 2 6
2 1 ,5 4 4
2 1 ,5 4 0
2 1 ,5 5 6
2 1 ,5 7 6
F e d e r a l..................................................
2 1 ,5 8 8
2 1 ,5 4 7
2 1 ,5 2 6
2 ,7 6 4
2 1 ,4 8 4
2 ,7 6 7
2 1 ,4 8 3
2 ,7 7 9
2 ,7 6 1
2 ,7 6 5
2 ,7 7 4
2 ,7 8 1
2 ,7 8 2
2 ,7 7 8
2 ,7 8 6
2 ,7 9 1
2 ,7 8 9
2 ,7 6 9
2 ,7 6 1
2 ,7 5 2
1 ,8 9 1 .0
1 ,9 2 2 .5
1 ,9 1 6 .6
1,9 2 0.1
1 ,9 2 6 .9
1 ,9 3 7 .7
1 ,9 4 7 .5
1 ,9 5 4 .2
1 ,9 5 6 .4
1 ,9 6 0 .3
U .S . P ostal S e r v ic e ........................
1 ,9 6 6 .2
1 ,9 6 4 .8
8 7 3 .0
1 ,9 4 6 .0
8 4 4 .8
1 ,9 3 7 .0
8 6 1 .9
1 ,9 2 9 .7
8 4 0 .8
8 3 8 .4
8 36 .1
8 3 3 .6
8 2 7 .3
8 2 1 .7
S ta te .....................................................
8 2 5 .3
8 2 4 .8
8 2 3 .9
4 ,9 0 5
8 2 3 .0
5 ,0 0 6
8 2 3 .6
5 ,0 1 9
8 2 2 .1
5 ,0 1 5
5 ,0 1 3
4 ,9 9 3
4 ,9 8 4
4 ,9 8 3
4 ,9 8 4
4 ,9 7 4
4 ,9 7 9
4 ,9 5 8
2 ,1 1 2 .9
4 ,9 5 2
2 ,2 1 8 .8
4 ,9 4 1
2 ,2 3 4 .3
2 ,2 3 6 .4
4 ,9 2 5
2 ,2 3 2 .5
2 ,2 1 2 .5
2 ,2 0 3 .0
2 ,2 0 3 .0
2 ,2 0 2 .5
2 ,1 9 6 .8
2 ,2 0 5 .1
2 ,1 8 8 .7
2 ,7 9 1 .8
2 ,7 8 7 .4
2 ,1 8 6 .5
2 ,1 8 0 .8
2 ,7 8 4 .3
2 ,1 7 3 .3
2 ,7 7 8 .8
2 ,7 8 0 .3
2 ,7 8 0 .5
2 ,7 8 0 .8
2 ,7 8 0 .0
2 ,7 8 1 .0
2 ,7 7 7 .3
2 ,7 7 3 .4
2 ,7 6 9 .7
1 3 ,4 4 9
2 ,7 6 5 .3
1 3 ,7 1 6
2 ,7 5 9 .9
1 3 ,6 9 4
2 ,7 5 1 .7
1 3 ,6 7 2
1 3,701
1 3 ,7 5 9
1 3 ,7 7 9
1 3 ,7 7 5
1 3 ,7 9 4
1 3 ,8 1 6
1 3 ,8 1 8
1 3 ,8 0 0
1 3 ,8 0 5
1 3 ,7 8 2
1 3 ,8 0 6
F e d e ra l, e x c e p t U .S . Postal
S e r v ic e .............................................
E d u c a tio n ........................................
O th e r S ta te g o v e rn m e n t.........
L o c a l.....................................................
E d u c a tio n ........................................
7 ,4 7 9 .3
7 ,6 5 7 .2
7 ,6 4 8 .2
7 ,6 6 1 .3
7 ,6 7 3 .7
7 ,6 8 3 .9
7 ,6 9 1 .5
7 ,6 9 7 .0
7 ,6 9 8 .1
7 ,7 0 8 .5
O th e r local g o v e rn m e n t...........
7 ,7 1 2 .4
7 ,6 9 3 .6
5 ,9 7 0 .0
7 ,7 0 3 .5
7 ,6 8 9 .1
6 ,0 5 8 .5
6 ,0 4 6 .2
7 ,7 1 3 .4
6 ,0 1 1 .0
6 ,0 2 7 .3
6 ,0 7 5 .1
6 ,0 8 7 .7
6 ,0 7 7 .9
6 ,0 9 5 .8
6 ,1 0 7 .6
6 ,1 0 5 .7
6 ,1 0 6 .5
6 ,1 0 1 .1
6 ,0 9 2 .6
6 ,0 9 2 .4
' In c lu d e s o th e r in dustries n o t s h o w n s e p a rately ,
C lassification S ys te m (n a ic S), rep la c in g th e S ta n d a rd Industrial C lassification (SIC) s y s te m .
p = p re lim in a ry .
NAiCS-based d a ta by industry a re not c o m p a ra b le w ith S IC -b a se d d a ta . S e e "N o te s o n th e
N o t e : D a ta re fle c t th e c o n v e rs io n to th e 2 0 0 2 version of th e N orth A m e ric a n industry
72
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
d a ta " fo r a description of th e m ost re c e n t b e n c h m a rk revision.
J. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls, by industry, monthly
data seasonally adjusted
Industry
TOTAL PRIVATE.....................................
XJDS-PRODUCING...................................
latural resources and m ining................
¡«instruction................................................
2001
3 4 .0
3 9 .9
4 4 .6
3 8 .7
Oct.
Nov.
3 3 .9
3 3 .8
3 3 .8
4 0 .0
3 9 .7
3 9 .7
4 3 .0
4 2 .3
3 8 .0
Sept.
June
July
Aug.
3 3 .9
3 4 .0
3 3 .8
3 3 .9
3 9 .9
4 0.1
3 9 .8
3 9 .9
4 3 .3
4 3 .0
2002
4 3 .2
3 8 .4
2003
2002
Annual average
4 3 .4
3 8 .5
4 3 .0
3 8 .2
3 8 .5
3 8 .7
3 8 .2
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
3 3 .8
3 3 .8
3 3 .7
3 3 .8
3 3 .7
3 3 .7
3 3 .7
3 9 .8
4 0 .0
3 9 .6
3 9 .9
3 9 .5
3 9 .7
3 9 .7
4 3 .0
4 3.1
4 3 .3
4 4 .2
4 3 .4
4 3 .8
4 3 .7
3 8 .2
3 8 .9
3 7 .6
3 8 .7
3 7 .9
3 8 .5
3 8 .4
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
40.1
4 0 .2
4 0 .3
4 .3
4.1
4 .0
4.1
4 .0
4 0 .6
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
4 0 .7
Dec.
lanufacturing............................................
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
4 0 .7
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
O v e r tim e h o u rs ...........................................
4 .0
4 .2
4 .2
4 .2
4 .2
4 .2
4 .2
4 .3
4 .3
4 .4
4 0 .7
Junep
D u ra b le g o o d s ...................................................
4 0 .6
4 0 .8
4 1 .0
4 0 .6
4 0 .7
4 0 .8
4 0 .6
4 0 .6
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
O v e r tim e h o u rs ...........................................
3 .9
4 .2
4 .2
4 .2
4 .2
4 .2
4 .3
4 .3
4 .3
4 .4
4 .3
4.1
4 .0
4.1
4.1
4 0.1
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
4 0 .3
W o o d p ro d u c ts ...............................................
4 0 .2
3 9 .9
4 0 .0
3 9 .8
3 9 .8
3 9 .9
3 9 .9
3 9 .8
3 9 .9
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
N o n m e ta llic m in e ra l p ro d u c ts .................
4 1 .6
4 2 .0
4 2 .6
4 2.1
4 2.1
4 2 .0
4 1 .9
4 1 .6
4 1 .9
4 2.1
4 2 .0
4 2 .6
4 2 .0
4 2 .4
4 2 .2
P rim a ry m e ta ls ...............................................
4 2 .4
4 2 .4
4 2 .8
4 2 .2
4 2 .3
4 2.1
4 2 .4
4 2 .2
4 2 .6
4 2 .4
4 2 .5
4 2 .6
4 2 .2
4 2 .2
4 1 .9
F a b r ic a te d m e ta l p ro d u c ts .......................
4 0 .6
4 0 .6
4 0 .8
4 0 .7
4 0 .7
4 0 .7
4 0 .6
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .6
4 0 .5
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
4 0 .6
4 0 .5
M a c h in e r y ........................................................
4 0 .9
4 0 .5
4 0 .7
4 0 .5
4 0 .6
4 0 .5
4 0 .5
4 0 .6
4 0 .5
4 0 .5
4 0 .9
4 0 .5
4 0 .6
4 0 .6
4 0 .8
C o m p u te r a n d e le c tro n ic p ro d u c ts .......
3 9 .8
3 9 .7
4 0 .0
3 9 .3
3 9 .6
4 0 .3
3 9 .3
4 0 .2
4 0 .5
3 9 .9
3 9 .8
4 0 .3
40.1
4 0 .5
4 0 .4
E le c tric a l e q u ip m e n t a n d a p p lia n c e s ..
3 9 .8
40.1
4 0 .6
4 0 .0
4 0 .2
4 0 .0
3 9 .9
4 0 .2
4 0 .6
4 0 .3
4 0 .8
4 0 .6
4 0 .0
4 0 .3
4 1 .0
T ra n s p o rta tio n e q u ip m e n t........................
4 1 .9
4 2 .5
4 2 .7
4 2 .0
4 2 .4
4 2 .6
4 2 .4
4 2 .2
4 2 .4
4 2 .5
4 2 .2
4 1 .4
4 1 .2
4 1 .2
4 1 .4
F u rn itu re a n d r e la te d p ro d u c ts ..............
3 8 .3
3 9 .2
39.1
3 9 .3
3 8 .8
3 8 .8
3 8 .7
3 8 .7
3 9 .9
3 8 .8
3 8 .6
3 8 .2
3 7 .9
3 8 .4
3 9 .0
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu rin g ................
3 8 .8
3 8 .6
3 9 .3
3 8 .5
3 8 .4
3 8 .5
3 8 .8
3 8 .6
3 8 .8
3 8 .9
3 8 .6
3 8 .3
3 8 .0
38.1
3 8 .6
4 0 .0
3 9 .8
3 9 .9
4 0 .0
3 9 .8
3 9 .7
3 9 .7
39.1
4 0.1
4 0 .3
4 0.1
4 0.1
3 9 .9
3 9 .9
4 0 .0
O v e r tim e h o u rs ...........................................
4.1
4 .2
4 .3
4 .2
4 .3
4.1
4.1
4 .2
4 .4
4 .3
4 .3
4 .2
4.1
4 .0
3 .9
F o o d m a n u fa c tu rin g ....................................
3 9 .6
3 9 .6
3 9 .8
3 9 .6
3 9 .6
3 9 .4
3 9 .4
3 9 .5
3 9 .4
39.1
39.1
3 9 .6
3 9 .4
3 9 .3
3 9 .3
B e v e r a g e a n d to b a c c o p ro d u c ts ...........
4 0 .9
3 9 .4
3 9 .5
3 9 .7
3 9 .4
3 7 .9
3 9 .4
3 9 .0
3 8 .5
3 9 .3
3 9 .3
3 9 .4
3 9 .6
3 9 .0
3 8 .9
4 0 .0
4 0 .7
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
4 0 .5
4 0 .2
4 0 .0
40.1
4 0 .4
3 9 .2
4 0 .0
3 9 .5
3 9.1
3 8 .4
3 8 .6
3 8 .6
3 9 .2
3 9 .6
39.1
3 9 .2
3 8 .9
3 8 .9
3 8 .7
3 9 .3
3 9 .2
3 9 .2
3 9 .0
3 8 .5
3 9 .0
3 9 .0
3 6 .0
3 6 .7
37.1
3 7 .2
3 6 .9
3 6 .9
3 5 .8
3 6 .5
3 6 .3
3 6 .2
3 6 .0
3 5 .9
3 5 .6
3 5 .4
3 5 .0
L e a th e r a n d a llie d p ro d u c ts ....................
3 6 .4
3 7 .5
3 7 .2
3 7 .2
3 7 .3
3 7 .9
3 8 .5
3 8 .9
3 9 .0
3 9 .3
3 9 .4
3 9 .7
3 9 .3
3 9 .3
3 8 .9
P a p e r a n d p a p e r p ro d u c ts .......................
4 2.1
4 1 .9
4 2 .0
4 1 .8
4 1 .9
4 1 .8
4 1 .5
4 1 .5
4 1 .8
4 1 .6
4 1 .8
4 1 .8
4 1 .6
4 1 .4
4 1 .4
3 8 .2
P rin tin g a n d re la te d su p p o rt
3 8 .7
3 8 .4
3 8 .6
3 8 .2
3 8 .5
3 8 .4
3 8 .5
3 8 .4
3 8 .5
3 8 .5
3 8 .3
3 8 .5
3 8 .0
3 7 .9
P e tro le u m a n d c o al p ro d u c ts ................
4 3 .8
4 3 .0
4 3.1
4 2 .7
4 2 .7
4 2 .9
4 3 .5
4 3 .6
4 4 .0
4 3 .9
4 5.1
4 5 .8
4 4 .3
4 4 .2
4 4 .2
C h e m ic a ls ........................................................
4 1 .9
4 2 .3
4 2 .4
4 2 .2
4 2 .5
4 2 .5
4 2 .5
4 2 .6
4 2 .3
4 2 .3
4 2 .8
4 2 .7
4 2 .4
4 2 .2
4 2 .2
P la s tic s a n d ru b b e r p ro d u c ts ................
4 0 .0
4 0 .6
4 0 .9
4 0 .6
4 0 .7
4 0 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .3
4 0 .3
4 0 .2
4 0 .3
4 0 .2
4 0 .0
4 0 .3
4 0 .1
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
3 2 .4
3 2 .5
3 2 .6
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
3 2 .4
3 2 .4
3 2 .5
3 2 .4
3 2 .4
3 2 .4
a c tiv itie s ..........................................................
PRIVATE SERVICEPROVIDING............................................
Trade, transportation, and
3 3 .5
3 3 .6
3 3 .7
3 3 .5
3 3 .5
3 3 .7
3 3 .6
3 3 .6
3 3 .5
3 3 .5
3 3 .4
3 3 .4
3 3 .4
3 3 .4
3 3 .4
3 8 .4
3 8 .0
3 8 .2
3 7 .9
3 8 .0
3 8 .0
3 7 .8
3 7 .9
3 7 .8
3 7 .6
3 7 .7
3 7 .8
3 7 .8
3 7 .8
3 7 .8
3 0 .7
3 0 .9
3 1 .0
3 0 .9
3 0 .8
3 0 .9
3 0 .9
3 0 .8
3 0 .8
3 0 .8
3 0 .7
3 0 .9
3 0 .8
3 0 .8
3 0 .7
T ra n s p o rta tio n a n d w a re h o u s in g ...........
3 6 .7
3 6 .8
3 6 .8
3 6 .6
3 6 .6
37.1
3 6 .9
3 7 .0
3 7 .0
3 6 .9
3 6 .7
3 6 .8
3 6 .5
3 6 .6
3 6 .7
U tilitie s ................................................................
4 1 .4
4 0 .9
4 1 .0
4 0 .8
4 0 .9
4 1 .0
4 1 .0
4 1.1
4 1 .2
4 1 .2
4 1 .2
4 1 .4
4 1 .0
4 0 .9
4 1 .0
3 6 .9
3 6 .5
3 6 .8
3 6 .4
3 6 .4
3 6 .3
3 6 .5
3 6 .6
3 6 .4
3 5 .9
3 6 .2
3 6 .3
3 6 .2
3 6 .4
3 6 .4
3 5 .8
3 5 .6
3 5 .6
3 5 .5
3 5 .6
3 5 .6
3 5 .5
3 5 .6
3 5 .7
3 5 .6
3 5 .6
3 5 .6
3 5 .5
3 5 .6
3 5 .5
Professional and business
3 4 .2
3 4 .2
3 4 .2
3 4 .0
3 4 .2
3 4 .4
3 4 .2
3 4 .2
3 4 .2
3 4 .3
3 4 .3
3 4 .2
3 4 .0
34.1
3 4 .0
3 2 .3
3 2 .4
3 2 .5
3 2 .4
3 2 .6
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
3 2 .4
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
.eisure and hospitality...........................
2 5 .8
2 5 .8
2 5 .7
2 5 .6
2 5 .7
2 5 .9
2 5 .9
2 5 .9
2 5 .8
2 5 .8
2 5 .6
2 5 .7
2 5 .6
2 5 .6
2 5 .5
)ther services............................................
3 2 .3
3 2 .0
32.1
3 2 .0
3 2 .0
32.1
3 2 .0
3 2 .0
3 1 .9
3 1 .8
3 1 .9
3 1 .9
3 1 .8
3 1 .8 I
3 1 .8
services.....................................................
1 D a ta re la te to p ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs in n atural re s o u rc e s a n d m ining a n d m a n u
NO TE:
fa c tu rin g , c o n s tru c tio n w o rk e rs in c o n stru ctio n , a n d n o n s u p e rvis o ry w o rk e rs in th e
Industry C la ss ifica tio n S y s te m (NAiCS), re p la c in g th e S ta n d a rd industrial C la s s ific a tio n
s e rv ic e -p ro v id in g in d u stries,
p = p re lim in a ry .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
D a ta re flec t th e c o n ve rs io n to th e 2 0 0 2
v e rs io n of th e
N o rth A m e ric a n
(SIC) s y s te m . N A ic s -b a s e d d a ta by industry a re not c o m p a ra b le w ith s ic -b a s e d d a ta .
S e e "N o te s on th e d a ta " fo r a d e sc rip tio n of th e m o s t re c e n t b e n c h m a rk re vis io n .
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
73
Current Labor Statistics:
Labor Force Data
14. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers’ on private nonfarm payrolls, by industry,
monthlv data seasonallv adjusted
Industry
Annual average
2001
2002
2003
2002
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Junep
TOTAL PRIVATE
C u r r e n t d o lla rs ......................................
$ 1 4 .5 3
1 6 .2 9
$ 1 4 .9 3
$ 1 4 .9 7
$ 1 5 .0 2
$ 1 5 .0 5
$ 1 5 .1 0
$ 1 5 .1 4
$ 1 5 .2 0
$ 1 5 .2 2
$ 1 5 .2 9
C o n s ta n t ( 1982) d o lla rs .....................
$ 1 5 .2 9
$ 1 5 .3 0
$ 1 5 .3 5
8 .1 1
8 .2 4
8 .2 3
8 .2 3
8 .2 4
8 .2 4
8 .2 6
8 .2 7
8 .3 0
8 .2 8
8 .2 6
8 .2 2
8 .2 7
8 .3 1
8 .3 1
1 5 .7 8
1 6 .3 3
1 6 .2 9
1 6.31
1 6 .3 8
1 6 .4 4
1 6 .4 8
1 6 .5 2
1 6 .6 0
1 6 .6 3
1 6 .6 5
1 6 .6 8
1 6.71
1 6 .7 6
1 6 .8 0
GOODS-PRODUCING...............................
$ 1 5 .3 9
Natural resources and mining..............
1 7 .0 0
1 7 .2 2
1 7 .1 7
1 7 .1 6
1 7 .2 7
1 7 .2 9
1 7.21
1 7 .4 8
1 7 .3 7
1 7 .4 5
Construction.............................................
1 7 .4 5
1 7 .5 4
1 7 .6 7
1 7 .5 5
1 7 .6 0
1 8 .0 0
1 8.51
1 8 .4 5
1 8 .5 5
1 8 .5 7
1 8 .6 5
1 8 .6 6
1 8 .6 9
1 8.81
1 8 .7 7
1 8 .8 4
Manufacturing.........................................
1 8 .8 3
1 8 .9 0
1 8 .9 5
1 8 .9 8
1 4 .7 6
1 5 .2 9
1 5 .2 7
1 5 .2 7
1 5 .3 4
1 5 .3 8
1 5 .4 5
1 5 .4 8
1 5 .5 5
1 5 .5 9
1 5 .6 3
1 5 .6 4
1 5 .6 3
E x c lu d in g o v e r tim e ................................
1 5 .6 8
1 5 .7 3
1 4 .0 6
1 4 .5 4
1 4 .5 2
1 4 .5 2
1 4 .5 8
1 4 .6 2
1 4 .6 8
1 4 .7 0
1 4 .7 7
1 4 .7 8
1 4 .8 4
1 4 .8 8
1 4 .8 9
1 4 .9 2
1 4 .9 9
1 5 .3 8
16.0 1
1 5 .9 9
1 5 .9 7
1 6 .0 8
1 6 .1 2
1 6 .1 9
1 6 .2 5
1 6 .2 8
1 6 .3 3
1 6 .3 5
1 6 .3 4
1 6 .3 3
1 6 .3 7
1 6 .4 2
1 3 .7 5
1 4 .1 5
1 4 .1 3
1 4 .1 7
1 4 .1 9
1 4 .2 2
1 4 .2 9
1 4 .2 9
14.4 1
1 4 .4 4
1 4 .5 0
1 4 .5 5
1 4 .5 6
14.6 1
1 4 .6 4
1 4 .1 6
1 4 .5 6
1 4 .5 4
1 4 .5 9
1 4 .6 3
1 4 .6 7
1 4 .7 2
1 4 .7 6
1 4.81
1 4 .8 2
1 4 .9 2
14.9 1
14.9 1
1 4 .9 7
1 5 .0 1
D u ra b le g o o d s ........................................
N o n d u ra b le g o o d s ........................................
PRIVATE SERVICE
PROVIDING.............................................
Trade,transportation, and
utilities....................................................
W h o le s a le t r a d e ............................................
1 3 .7 0
1 4 .0 2
14.01
14.01
1 4 .0 6
1 4 .1 0
1 4 .1 3
1 4 .1 7
1 4 .1 9
1 4.21
1 4 .2 9
1 4 .2 6
1 4 .2 4
1 4.3 1
1 4 .3 5
1 6 .7 7
1 6 .9 7
1 6 .9 4
1 6 .9 5
1 7 .0 2
1 7 .0 5
1 7 .0 9
1 7 .1 4
1 7 .1 3
1 7 .1 6
1 7 .2 5
1 7 .2 2
1 7 .2 5
1 7 .2 9
1 7 .3 4
1 1 .9 3
R e ta il tr a d e .....................................................
1 1 .2 9
1 1 .6 7
1 1 .6 6
1 1 .6 7
11.7 1
1 1 .7 5
1 1 .7 7
1 1 .7 9
1 1 .8 3
1 1 .8 5
1 1 .8 8
1 1 .8 5
1 1 .8 3
T ra n s p o rta tio n a n d w a r e h o u s in g ..........
1 1 .9 0
1 5 .3 3
1 5 .7 7
1 5 .7 6
1 5 .7 8
1 5 .8 0
1 5 .8 3
1 5 .9 2
1 6 .0 2
1 6 .0 2
1 6 .0 5
1 6 .2 2
1 6 .2 2
1 6 .1 8
U tilitie s ...................................................
1 6 .2 5
1 6 .3 0
2 3 .5 8
2 3 .9 4
2 3 .9 9
2 3 .9 5
2 4 .0 8
2 4 .0 9
2 3 .9 6
2 4 .0 2
2 4 .0 9
2 4 .0 5
2 4 .1 9
Information................................................
2 4 .3 6
2 4 .3 3
2 4 .4 8
2 4 .5 8
1 9 .8 0
2 0 .2 3
2 0 .3 2
2 0 .2 0
2 0 .1 3
2 0 .4 3
2 0 .4 9
2 0 .5 5
2 0 .7 4
2 0 .7 0
2 0 .7 9
Financial activities...................................
2 0 .9 0
2 0 .9 7
2 1 .0 9
2 1 .1 2
1 5 .5 9
1 6 .1 7
1 6 .1 0
16.2 1
1 6 .3 4
1 6 .4 0
16.51
1 6.51
1 6 .5 6
1 6 .6 9
1 6 .7 7
1 6 .7 8
1 6 .9 3
1 7 .0 2
1 7 .2 0
1 6 .3 3
1 6.81
1 6 .7 8
1 6 .8 8
1 6 .8 6
1 6 .8 9
1 6 .9 9
1 7 .0 4
1 7 .0 9
1 7 .0 2
1 7 .1 7
1 7 .2 0
1 7 .2 3
1 7 .2 4
17 22
1 4 .6 4
1 5 .2 2
1 5 .1 5
1 5 .2 3
1 5 .3 3
1 5 .3 6
1 5 .4 2
1 5 .6 9
Professional and business
services....................................................
Education and health
services.................................................
1 5 .4 5
1 5 .5 2
1 5 .5 7
1 5.61
Leisure and hospitality...........................
1 5 .6 3
1 5 .5 7
1 5 .6 4
8 .3 5
8 .5 7
8 .5 6
8 .5 9
8 .6 0
8 .6 1
8 .6 2
8 .6 6
8 .7 3
8 .7 1
Other services...........................................
8 .7 7
8 .7 2
8 .7 1
8 .7 3
8 .7 6
1 3 .2 7
1 3 .7 2
1 3 .6 9
1 3 .7 5
1 3 .8 0
13.81
1 3 .8 6
1 3 .8 9
1 3 .9 4
1 3 .9 8
1 4 .0 3
1 4 .0 2
1 3 .9 8
1 3 .9 7
1 3 .9 9
NOTE:
lu rin g , c o n s tru c tio n w o rk e rs in c o nstruction , a n d no n s u p e rvis o ry w o rk e rs in th e
s e rv ic e -p ro v id in g in d u s tries ,
74
Monthly Labor Review
re flec t th e c o n ve rs io n to th e 2 0 0 2
v ers io n o f th e
N o rth A m e ric a n
in d u s try
b a s e d d a ta by industry a re not c o m p a ra b le w ith S IC -b a s e d d a ta . S e e "N o te s o n th e d a ta " fo r a
p = p re lim in a ry .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
D a ta
C la ss ifica tio n S y s te m (NAICS), re p la c in g th e S ta n d a rd Industrial C la ss ifica tio n (SIC) s y s te m , n a ic s
de sc rip tio n o f th e m o s t re c e n t b e n c h m a rk revisio n .
August 2003
15. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls, by industry
2003
Annual average
Industry
TOTAL PRIVATE...................................
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Junep
2001
2002
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
$ 1 4 .5 3
$ 1 4 .9 5
$ 1 4 .8 8
$ 1 4 .8 6
$ 1 4 .9 2
$ 1 5 .1 1
$ 1 5 .1 2
$ 1 5 .1 6
$ 1 5 .2 6
$ 1 5 .2 7
$ 1 5 .3 5
$ 1 5 .3 4
$ 1 5 .3 1
$ 1 5 .3 1
$ 1 5 .3 4
1 4 .9 3
1 4 .9 7
1 5 .0 2
1 5 .0 5
1 5 .1 0
1 5 .1 4
1 5 .2 0
1 5 .2 2
1 5 .2 9
1 5 .2 9
1 5 .3 0
1 5 .3 5
1 5 .3 9
S e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d ...........................
-
-
GOODS-PRODUCING................................
1 5 .7 8
Natural resources and m ining..............
1 7 .0 0
1 6 .3 3
1 7 .2 2
1 6 .2 7
1 6 .3 7
1 6 .4 2
1 6 .5 3
1 6 .5 5
1 6 .5 5
1 6 .6 6
1 6 .5 6
1 6 .5 4
1 6 .5 9
1 6 .6 6
1 6.7 1
1 6 .7 8
1 7 .1 0
1 7 .1 8
1 7 .1 8
1 7 .3 2
1 7 .2 5
1 7 .4 5
1 7 .4 0
1 7 .4 9
1 7 .4 3
1 7 .5 8
1 7 .7 6
1 7 .4 7
1 7 .5 4
1 8 .6 4
1 8 .7 9
1 8 .7 9
1 8 .7 0
1 8 .9 0
1 8 .6 8
1 8 .6 9
1 8 .7 3
1 8 .8 3
1 8 .8 5
1 8 .9 0
1 5 .3 0
1 5.41
1 5 .4 5
15.5 1
1 5 .6 5
1 5.6 1
1 5 .6 2
1 5 .6 2
1 5 .6 3
1 5 .6 4
1 5 .6 9
1 6 .3 9
1 6 .3 4
1 6 .3 4
1 6 .3 3
1 6 .3 0
1 6 .3 3
1 6 .4 0
Construction.............................................
1 8 .0 0
1 8.5 1
1 8 .3 8
1 8 .6 0
Manufacturing...........................................
1 4 .7 6
1 5 .2 9
1 5 .2 4
1 5 .2 3
D u ra b le g o o d s ................................................
1 5 .3 8
16.0 1
1 5 .9 7
1 5 .8 8
1 6 .0 4
1 6 .1 6
1 6 .2 0
1 6 .2 9
W o o d p r o d u c t s ...........................................
1 1 .9 9
1 2 .3 3
1 2 .3 3
1 2 .4 4
1 2 .4 2
1 2 .4 2
1 2 .3 7
1 2 .4 3
1 2 .4 9
1 2 .5 2
1 2.5 1
1 2.5 1
1 2 .4 8
1 2 .5 7
1 2 .6 9
N o n m e ta llic m in e ra l p r o d u c ts .............
1 4 .8 6
1 5 .3 9
1 5 .4 7
1 5 .5 3
1 5 .4 4
1 5 .5 4
1 5 .5 9
1 5 .4 6
1 5 .5 5
1 5 .6 2
1 5 .4 8
1 5 .5 2
1 5 .6 9
1 5 .7 3
1 5 .6 9
P rim a ry m e t a l s ...........................................
1 7 .0 6
1 7 .6 8
1 7 .6 2
1 7 .8 3
1 7 .6 9
1 7 .8 4
1 7 .9 3
1 7 .9 9
1 8 .0 9
1 8 .0 5
1 7 .9 6
1 7 .8 6
1 8 .0 3
1 7 .9 3
1 8 .0 3
F a b r ic a te d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ....................
1 4 .1 9
1 4 .6 8
1 4 .6 5
1 4 .7 0
1 4 .7 0
1 4 .7 9
1 4 .7 8
1 4 .8 5
1 4 .9 7
1 4 .9 5
1 4 .9 2
1 4 .9 7
1 4 .9 4
1 4 .9 2
1 4 .9 3
1 5 .4 9
1 5 .9 3
1 5.91
1 5 .8 9
1 5 .9 2
1 6 .0 5
1 5 .9 7
1 6 .0 6
1 6 .2 0
1 6.1 1
1 6 .1 6
1 6 .1 9
1 6 .2 0
1 6 .2 3
1 6 .3 3
C o m p u te r a n d e le c tro n ic pro d u cts ...
1 5 .4 2
1 6 .1 9
1 6 .2 4
1 6 .3 2
1 6.31
1 6 .3 4
1 6 .2 4
1 6 .2 6
1 6.41
1 6 .3 2
1 6 .5 5
1 6 .5 5
1 6 .5 9
1 6 .5 6
1 6 .7 5
E le c tric a l e q u ip m e n t a n d a p p lia n c e s
1 3 .7 8
1 3 .9 7
1 3 .9 0
1 3 .9 4
1 3 .9 6
1 4.01
1 4 .0 2
1 4 .0 3
1 4 .1 6
1 4 .0 8
1 4 .1 8
1 4 .2 5
1 4 .2 5
1 4 .1 9
1 4 .2 7
T ra n s p o rta tio n e q u ip m e n t ....................
1 9 .4 8
2 0 .6 4
2 0 .4 8
2 0 .0 4
2 0 .6 1
2 0 .8 3
2 1 .1 3
2 1 .4 1
2 1 .4 2
2 1 .2 2
2 1 .1 6
2 1 .0 7
2 0 .9 4
2 1 .0 8
2 1 .1 9
F u rn itu re a n d r e la te d p r o d u c ts ...........
1 2 .1 4
1 2 .6 2
1 2 .5 9
1 2 .6 7
1 2 .7 5
1 2 .7 7
1 2 .7 4
1 2 .7 9
1 2 .9 3
1 2 .9 3
1 2.91
1 2 .9 3
1 2 .8 9
1 2 .9 0
1 2 .9 6
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu r in g ............
1 2 .4 6
1 2.9 1
1 2 .8 7
1 2 .9 9
1 2 .9 9
1 3 .0 5
1 3.01
1 3 .0 6
1 3 .0 8
1 3 .1 2
1 3 .1 4
1 3 .2 2
1 3 .2 0
1 3 .1 9
1 3 .1 4
N o n d u ra b le g o o d s ........................................
1 3 .7 5
1 4 .1 5
1 4 .0 9
1 4 .2 3
1 4 .1 5
1 4 .2 5
1 4 .2 7
1 4.3 1
1 4 .4 8
1 4 .4 7
1 4 .4 9
1 4 .5 3
1 4 .5 7
1 4 .5 6
1 4 .5 8
F o o d m a n u fa c t u r in g ................................
1 2 .1 8
1 2 .5 4
1 2 .5 3
1 2 .6 7
1 2 .5 8
1 2.61
1 2 .6 6
1 2.6 1
1 2.8 1
1 2 .7 0
1 2 .6 6
1 2 .7 0
1 2 .7 2
1 2.7 1
1 2 .7 1
B e v e r a g e s a n d to b a c c o p ro d u c ts ....
1 7 .6 7
1 7 .6 8
1 7 .7 4
17.7 1
1 7 .4 0
1 7.6 1
1 7 .6 2
1 7 .6 0
1 8 .0 4
1 7 .6 8
1 7 .5 3
1 7 .6 9
1 7 .7 0
1 7 .9 3
1 / .6 1
T e x tile m i ll s ..................................................
1 1 .4 0
1 1 .7 3
1 1 .7 2
1 1 .8 2
1 1 .8 0
1 1 .7 6
1 1 .7 0
1 1.71
1 1 .8 3
1 1 .9 9
1 1 .9 2
1 1 .9 2
1 1 .9 5
1 1 .9 5
1 1 .9 3
T e x tile p ro d u c t m i ll s ................................
1 0 .6 0
1 0 .9 6
1 0 .9 0
1 1 .0 8
1 1 .0 9
11.1 1
1 1 .0 2
1 1 .0 7
1 1 .2 0
1 1 .1 2
1 1.1 1
1 0 .9 8
1 1 .1 4
1 1 .1 3
1 1 .1 8
A p p a r e l ..........................................................
8 .8 2
9 .1 0
9 .0 5
9 .1 4
9 .1 3
9 .1 6
9 .1 5
9 .1 9
9 .3 0
9 .3 0
9 .3 3
9 .4 5
9 .4 7
9 .4 9
9 .4 6
L e a th e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c ts ................
1 0 .6 9
1 1.0 1
1 0.91
1 1.1 1
1 1 .0 0
1 0 .8 7
1 1.0 1
1 1 .2 3
1 1.5 1
1 1 .5 3
1 1 .6 2
1 1 .6 2
1 1 .7 6
1 1.7 1
1 1 .6 0
P a p e r a n d p a p e r p r o d u c ts ....................
1 6 .3 8
1 6 .8 9
1 6 .8 9
1 7 .1 3
1 6 .9 2
1 7 .0 9
1 7 .0 9
1 7 .0 9
1 7 .2 6
1 7.21
1 7 .2 2
1 7 .2 2
1 7 .3 8
1 7 .3 8
1 7 .3 0
P rin tin g a n d r e la te d su p p o rt activities
1 4 .4 8
1 4 .9 3
1 4 .7 8
1 4 .8 5
1 5.01
1 5 .1 5
1 5 .1 5
1 5 .1 9
1 5 .3 5
1 5 .2 8
1 5 .3 2
1 5 .3 3
1 5 .3 5
1 5 .2 6
1 5 .2 7
2 2 .9 0
2 3 .0 6
2 2 .9 7
2 3 .3 3
2 3 .4 6
2 3 .3 5
2 3 .6 5
2 3 .5 8
2 4 .2 9
2 4 .1 7
2 3 .9 2
2 3 .3 6
2 3 .5 4
1 7 .5 7
1 7 .9 7
1 7 .9 0
1 8 .0 2
1 7 .9 4
18.1 1
1 8 .0 0
1 8 .2 9
1 8 .3 4
1 8 .2 8
1 8 .2 9
1 8 .3 3
1 8 .3 5
1 8 .4 6
1 8 .5 6
13.2 1
1 3 .5 5
1 3 .4 3
1 3 .5 9
1 3 .5 2
1 3 .6 2
1 3 .6 6
1 3 .7 0
13.8 1
13.9 1
1 3 .9 5
1 4 .0 0
1 4 .0 7
1 4 .0 9
1 4 .1 7
1 4 .1 6
1 4 .5 6 [
1 4 .4 9
1 4 .4 4
1 4 .4 9
1 4.71
1 4 .7 2
1 4 .7 7
1 4 .8 8
1 4 .9 2
1 5 .0 4
1 5 .0 0
1 4 .9 4
1 4 .9 2
1 4 .9 5
1 3 .7 0
1 4 .0 2
1 3 .9 9
1 3 .9 2
1 3 .9 8
1 4 .1 7
1 4 .1 3
1 4 .1 2
1 4 .1 2
1 4 .2 4
1 4 .3 6
1 4 .3 4
1 4.3 1
1 4 .2 8
1 4 .3 3
1 6 .7 7
1 6 .9 7
1 6 .9 3
1 6 .8 9
1 6 .9 4
1 7 .1 2
1 7 .0 5
1 7 .1 4
1 7 .2 2
1 7 .1 8
1 7 .3 2
1 7 .2 9
1 7 .2 6
1 7 .2 4
1 7 .3 3
R e ta il t r a d e ...................................................
1 1 .2 9
1 1 .6 7
1 1 .6 5
1 1 .6 0
1 1 .6 4
1 1.81
1 1 .7 8
1 1 .7 3
1 1 .7 6
1 1 .8 8
1 1 .9 2
1 1 .9 0
1 1 .9 0
1 1 .8 8
1 1.9 1
T ra n s p o rta tio n a n d w a r e h o u s in g .......
1 5 .3 3
1 5 .7 7
1 5 .7 4
1 5 .7 5
1 5 .7 9
1 5 .8 6
1 5 .9 4
1 6 .0 3
1 6 .0 4
1 6 .0 2
1 6 .2 6
1 6 .2 3
16.2 1
1 6 .1 9
1 6 .2 6
2 3 .5 8
2 3 .9 4
2 3 .9 3
2 3 .7 8
2 3 .8 4
2 4 .2 8
2 3 .9 3
2 4 .1 2
2 4 .2 6
2 4 .0 2
2 4 .1 6
2 4 .4 1
2 4 .4 7
2 4 .5 2
2 4 .5 5
1 9 .8 0
2 0 .2 3
2 0 .2 2
2 0 .0 0
2 0 .0 0
2 0 .5 6
2 0 .5 9
2 0 .6 7
2 0 .9 0
2 0 .7 9
2 0 .8 8
2 0 .8 8
2 0 .9 8
2 1 .0 1
2 1 .0 3
1 5 .5 9
1 6 .1 7
1 6 .1 0
1 6 .0 7
1 6 .2 5
1 6 .4 7
1 6 .4 8
1 6 .4 9
1 6 .6 4
1 6 .7 0
1 6 .9 5
1 6 .8 9
1 6 .9 3
1 6 .3 3
16.8 1
1 6 .8 2
1 6 .7 7
1 6 .6 8
1 6.91
1 6 .8 9
17.0 1
1 7 .2 8
1 7 .1 4
1 7 .4 0
1 7 .3 6
17.2 1
1 7 .1 8
1 7 .2 5
1 4 .6 4
1 5 .2 2
1 5 .0 9
1 5 .2 3
15.3 1
1 5 .3 9
1 5 .4 2
1 5 .4 6
1 5 .5 5
1 5.61
1 5.6 1
1 5 .6 2
1 5 .5 6
1 5 .5 8
1 5 .6 2
8 .3 5
8 .5 7
8 .5 1
8 .4 9
8 .5 2
8 .6 2
8 .6 5
8 .6 9
8.8 1
8 .7 4
8 .8 0
8 .7 3
8 .6 9
8 .7 2
8 .7 0
1 3 .8 8
14.0 1
1 4 .0 0
1 4 .0 2
1 4 .0 2
1 3 .9 9
1 3 .9 9
1 3 .9 7
C h e m i c a l s ....................................................
PRIVATE SERVICEPR O V ID IN G ...............................................
2 2 .7 8
2 2 .8 8
Trade, transportation, and
Information...........................................
1 7 .1 9
1 6 .9 7
Professional and business
Education and health
1 3 .2 7
Other services..........................................
1
D a ta
re la te
to
p ro d u ctio n
w o rk e rs
in
na tu ra l
1 3 .7 2
1 3 .7 0
re s o u rc e s
and
1 3 .6 8
m ining
1 3 .7 4
and
m a n u fa c tu rin g , c o n s tru ctio n w o rk e rs in c o n stru ctio n , a n d n o n s u p e rvis o ry w o rk e rs in
th e s e rv ic e -p ro v id in g in d u stries,
p = p re lim in a ry .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 3 .8 4
NO TE:
1 3 .8 6
D a ta re fle c t th e c o n ve rs io n to th e 2 0 0 2 v ers io n of th e N o rth A m e ric a n In d u s try
C la ss ifica tio n
s ys te m .
C la ss ific a tio n
(SIC)
N A iC S -b ased d a ta by industry a re not c o m p a ra b le w ith S IC -b a s e d d a ta .
S y s te m
(NAICS),
re p la c in g
th e
S ta n d a rd
Industrial
S ee
"N o te s o n th e d a ta " fo r a d escrip tio n of th e m o s t re c e n t b e n c h m a rk revisio n .
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
75
Current Labor Statistics:
16.
Labor Force Data
Average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonfarm payrolls, by industry
Annual average
Indust ry
2001
TOTAL PRIVATE........................ $ 4 9 3 .2 0
S ea s o n ally a d ju ste d ............
-
2003
2002
2002
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
$ 5 0 6 .2 2
$ 5 1 1 .8 7
$ 5 0 3 .7 5
$ 5 1 0 .2 6
$ 5 1 6 .7 6
$ 5 1 1 .0 6
-
5 0 7 .6 2
5 0 5 .9 9
5 0 9 .1 8
5 1 0 .2 0
5 1 0 .3 8
GOODS-PRODUCING....................
6 3 0 .0 4
6 5 1 .6 0
Natural resources
and mining...................................
7 5 7 .9 2
6 9 5 .8 9
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
$ 5 1 0 .8 9
$ 5 2 0 .3 7
$ 5 1 0 .0 2
$ 5 1 7 .3 0
$ 5 1 8 .4 9
5 1 1 .7 3
5 1 3 .7 6
5 1 4 .4 4
5 1 5 .2 7
5 1 6 .8 0
6 6 8 .0 7
6 5 4 .1 2
6 4 5 .0 6
6 5 8 .6 2
Apr.
May
$ 5 1 1 .3 5
$ 5 1 5 .9 5
515.61
5 1 7 .3 0
5 1 8 .6 4
6 5 4 .7 4
6 6 5 .0 6
6 7 2 .8 8
Junep
$ 5 2 3 .0 9
6 57.31
6 4 9 .8 9
6 6 0 .0 8
6 67.81
6 6 2 .0 0
6 5 7 .0 4
743 .11
7 5 2 .4 0
7 3 8 .7 4
7 5 0 .7 7
7 5 3 .4 2
7 4 8 .6 5
7 3 2 .9 0
7 4 8 .2 0
7 4 3 .3 3
7 4 7 .7 5
7 7 7 .0 0
7 6 5 .4 6
7 6 6 .9 3
7 7 5 .2 7
7 11.61
7 1 8 .6 6
7 2 3 .5 4
7 3 2 .5 5
7 3 8 .4 5
7 2 7 .1 7
7 0 6 .8 6
7 1 0 .6 4
707 97
6 7 8 .4 5
715 49
7 0 8 01
731 3 8
7 3 7 10
5 9 5 .1 9
6 1 8 .8 7
6 2 3 .3 2
6 0 7 .6 8
6 2 1 .1 8
6 2 8 .7 3
6 2 5 .7 3
629 .71
6 4 4 .7 8
6 2 5 .9 6
6 2 6 .3 6
6 2 9 .4 9
6 2 3 .6 4
6 2 8 .7 3
6 3 5 .4 5
D u ra b le g o o d s...................................
6 2 4 .5 4
6 5 2 .8 3
6 5 9 .5 6
6 3 5 .2 0
6 5 2 .8 3
6 6 4 .1 8
6 5 9 .3 4
6 6 4 .6 3
6 8 1 .8 2
6 6 1 .7 7
6 6 0 .1 4
6 6 3 .0 0
6 5 5 .2 6
6 6 3 .0 0
6 7 2 .4 0
W o o d p ro d u c ts ..............................
4 8 1 .3 6
4 9 1 .9 8
5 0 0 .6 0
4 9 3 .8 7
4 9 9 .2 8
5 0 4 .2 5
4 9 7 .2 7
4 9 0 .9 9
4 9 9 .6 0
4 9 0 .7 8
4 9 0 .3 9
4 9 7 .9 0
4 9 7 .9 5
5 05.31
5 2 0 .2 9
N on m e ta lllc m ineral products....
6 1 8 .7 9
6 4 6 .7 4
6 6 9 .8 5
6 6 0 .0 3
6 5 7 .7 4
6 6 6 .6 7
6 5 9 .4 6
6 4 3 .1 4
6 4 5 .3 3
6 4 0 .4 2
6 3 4 .6 8
6 5 1 .8 4
6 5 5 .8 4
6 7 3 .2 4
6 7 3 .1 0
P rim ary m e ta ls ................................
7 2 3 .9 5
7 4 9 .0 8
7 5 7 .6 6
7 4 5 .2 9
7 4 6 .5 2
7 5 8 .2 0
7 5 8 .4 4
7 6 2 .7 8
7 8 3 .3 0
7 6 5 .3 2
7 59.71
7 6 0 .8 4
7 6 0 .8 7
7 6 0 .2 3
7 5 9 .0 6
F a b ric a te d m etal products.........
5 7 6 .6 0
5 9 6 .4 4
6 0 0 .6 5
5 9 0 .9 4
5 9 8 .2 9
6 04 .91
6 0 1 .5 5
6 0 4 .4 0
6 1 9 .7 6
6 0 5 .4 8
6 0 1 .2 8
6 0 4 .7 9
5 9 9 .0 9
6 0 5 .7 5
6 0 9 .1 4
M a c h in e ry .........................................
6 3 2 .7 7
645 .81
6 4 9 .1 3
6 3 5 .6 0
6 4 4 .7 6
6 5 0 .0 3
6 4 5 .1 9
6 5 3 .6 4
6 7 0 .6 8
6 5 0 .8 4
6 57.71
6 5 8 .9 3
6 5 4 .4 8
6 6 2 .1 8
6 6 9 .5 3
6 1 3 .0 7
6 4 2 .8 6
6 5 1 .2 2
6 3 1 .5 8
6 42.61
6 6 1 .7 7
6 3 9 .8 6
6 6 0 .1 6
6 8 1 .0 2
6 4 7 .9 0
6 5 7 .0 4
6 6 8 .6 2
6 6 0 .2 8
6 6 7 .3 7
6 8 0 .0 5
5 4 8 .0 0
5 6 0 .0 9
5 6 5 .7 3
5 4 9 .2 4
5 5 7 .0 0
5 6 1 .8 0
5 6 2 .2 0
5 7 1 .0 2
5 9 1 .8 9
564.61
5 75.71
5 7 7 .1 3
5 7 0 .0 0
5 6 9 .0 2
5 8 7 .9 2
8 1 7 .0 8
8 7 7 .8 4
8 8 6 .7 8
8 1 3 .6 2
8 7 5 .9 3
8 9 5 .6 9
8 9 8 .0 3
9 0 1 .3 6
9 2 1 .0 6
8 9 5 .4 8
8 8 6 .6 0
8 74.41
8 6 4 .8 2
8 7 4 .8 2
8 8 7 .8 6
4 6 4 .5 7
4 9 4 .1 4
4 9 3 .5 3
4 9 6 .6 6
4 9 8 .5 3
499 .31
4 9 1 .7 6
4 9 4 .9 7
5 2 2 .3 7
4 9 3 .9 3
4 9 4 .4 5
4 9 3 .9 3
4 8 8 .5 3
4 9 1 .4 9
5 0 6 .7 4
5 0 7 .2 0
C o m p u te r a n d electronic
products..........................................
Electrical e q u ip m en t and
a p p lia n c e s ......................................
Tran sp o rtatio n e q u ip m en t.........
Furniture a n d re la te d
p roducts..........................................
M is ce lla n e o u s
4 8 3 .4 4
4 9 9 .0 9
5 0 5 .7 9
4 9 3 .6 2
4 9 8 .8 2
5 0 3 .7 3
5 0 6 .0 9
5 0 6 .7 3
5 1 5 .3 5
5 0 5 .1 2
5 0 4 .5 8
5 0 8 .9 7
5 0 0 .2 8
5 0 2 .5 4
N o n d u ra b le go o d s ...........................
5 48.41
5 67 .11
5 6 9 .2 4
5 6 6 .3 5
5 7 0 .2 5
5 7 5 .7 0
5 7 2 .2 3
5 7 6 .6 9
5 8 6 .4 4
5 7 1 .5 7
5 7 2 .3 6
5 7 9 .7 5
5 7 5 .5 2
5 7 6 .5 8
5 8 0 .2 8
F o o d m a n ufacturing......................
4 8 1 .6 7
4 9 6 .7 8
4 9 7 .4 4
5 0 0 .4 7
5 0 3 .2 0
5 0 6 .9 2
5 0 5 .1 3
5 0 5 .6 6
5 1 3 .6 8
4 9 1 .4 9
4 87 .41
4 9 6 .5 7
4 9 3 .5 4
4 9 6 .9 6
4 9 9 .5 0
p roducts..........................................
7 2 1 .6 8
6 9 7 .0 9
7 1 6 .7 0
7 1 1 .9 4
6 9 0 .7 8
6 7 9 .7 5
6 9 5 .9 9
6 8 9 .9 2
6 9 9 .9 5
6 7 5 .3 8
6 6 9 .6 5
6 8 6 .3 7
6 95.61
7 0 4 .6 5
6 9 1 .6 5
T e x tile mills......................................
4 5 6 .6 4
4 7 6 .7 0
4 8 2 .8 6
4 7 3 .9 8
4 8 0 .2 6
4 7 6 .2 8
4 6 6 .8 3
4 6 9 .5 7
4 8 0 .3 0
4 67.61
4 7 2 .0 3
4 7 3 .2 2
4 7 2 .0 3
4 6 1 .2 7
4 6 4 .0 8
B ev e ra g e s a n d tobacco
4 0 8 .5 6
4 2 9 .4 9
4 3 8 .1 8
4 31 .01
4 3 5 .8 4
4 3 1 .0 7
4 2 6 .4 7
4 2 6 .2 0
4 4 9 .1 2
4 3 1 .4 6
4 2 9 .9 6
431 .51
4 3 1 .1 2
4 3 2 .9 6
4 4 1 .6 1
A p p a re l.............................................
3 1 7 .1 5
L e a th e r a n d a llied products......
3 8 8 .8 3
6 9 0 .0 6
3 3 3 .7 7
4 1 3 .0 5
3 4 0 .2 8
4 1 0 .2 2
3 3 9 .0 9
4 0 4 .4 0
3 3 8 .7 2
4 1 2 .5 0
3 3 8 .0 0
4 1 3 .0 6
3 2 7 .5 7
4 2 6 .0 9
3 3 7 .2 7
4 4 0 .2 2
3 3 8 .5 2
4 5 1 .1 9
3 32.01
4 4 7 .3 6
3 3 3 .0 8
4 5 6 .6 7
3 4 0 .2 0
4 6 3 .6 4
3 3 6 .1 9
4 6 8 .0 5
3 3 6 .9 0
4 5 9 .0 3
3 3 6 .7 8
4 5 3 .5 6
7 0 7 .3 6
7 0 9 .3 8
712 .61
7 0 7 .2 6
7 2 4 .6 2
7 1 2 .6 5
7 1 6 .0 7
7 3 5 .2 8
7 1 4 .2 2
7 1 1 .1 9
7 1 6 .3 5
7 1 7 .7 9
7 1 4 .3 2
7 1 6 .2 2
5 6 0 .8 9
5 7 3 .4 2
5 6 6 .0 7
5 6 2 .8 2
5 8 0 .8 9
5 9 0 .8 5
5 86.31
5 8 7 .8 5
5 9 7 .1 2
5 8 0 .6 4
5 8 2 .1 6
5 9 1 .7 4
5 8 0 .2 3
5 7 3 .7 8
5 7 8 .7 3
1 ,0 0 3 .3 4
9 9 2 .0 5
9 8 8 .6 5
9 9 0 .7 0
9 7 1 .6 3
1 ,0 1 4 .8 6
1 ,0 2 2 .8 6
1 ,0 2 5 .0 7
1 ,0 4 0 .6 0
1 ,0 3 9 .8 8
1 ,0 9 5 .4 8
1 ,1 0 9 .4 0
1 ,0 5 2 .4 8
1 ,0 0 6 .8 2
1 ,0 4 7 .5 3
7 3 5 .5 4
7 5 9 .5 7
7 6 2 .5 4
7 5 6 .8 4
7 6 0 .6 6
7 7 3 .3 0
7 6 5 .0 0
7 8 4 .6 4
7 8 6 .7 9
7 6 9 .5 9
7 8 0 .9 8
7 8 0 .8 6
7 76.21
7 7 7 .1 7
7 8 6 .9 4
5 2 8 .6 9
5 4 9 .5 7
5 5 3 .3 2
5 4 3 .6 0
5 48.91
5 5 4 .3 3
5 5 4 .6 0
5 52.11
566.21
5 5 6 .4 0
5 5 8 .0 0
5 6 1 .4 0
5 6 1 .3 9
5 6 9 .2 4
5 7 2 .4 7
4 6 0 .3 2
4 7 3 .1 0
4 7 8 .1 7
4 7 0 .7 4
4 7 5 .2 7
4 8 2 .4 9
4 7 6 .9 3
4 7 8 .5 5
4 8 8 .0 6
4 7 7 .4 4
4 8 8 .8 0
4 8 7 .5 0
4 8 1 .0 7
4 8 1 .9 2
4 9 0 .3 6
4 8 7 .2 2
P a p e r a n d p a p e r p roducts.........
Printing a n d related
support activities..........................
P etro le u m a n d coal
p roducts..........................................
C h e m ic a ls .........................................
P lastics a n d rubber
p roducts.........................................
PRIVATE SERVICEPROVIDING...................................
Trade, transportation,
and utilities................................
4 5 9 .5 3
4 7 1 .0 9
4 7 9 .8 6
4 7 3 .2 8
4 7 5 .3 2
4 8 1 .7 8
4 7 3 .3 6
4 7 0 .2 0
4 7 8 .6 7
4 6 7 .0 7
4 7 6 .7 5
4 7 8 .9 6
4 7 5 .0 9
4 7 6 .9 5
W h o le s a le tra d e ...............................
6 4 3 .4 5
6 4 3 .9 9
6 5 3 .5 0
6 4 0 .1 3
645 .41
6 57.41
6 4 2 .7 9
6 49.61
6 5 7 .8 0
6 3 9 .1 0
6 5 4 .7 0
6 5 5 .2 9
6 4 7 .2 5
6 5 1 .6 7
6 6 3 .7 4
Retail tra d e .........................................
3 4 6 .1 6
3 6 0 .5 3
3 6 8 .1 4
3 6 7 .7 2
3 6 5 .5 0
3 6 8 .4 7
3 6 1 .6 5
3 5 7 .7 7
3 66.91
3 5 6 .4 0
3 6 2 .3 7
3 6 4 .1 4
3 6 2 .9 5
3 6 5 .9 0
3 7 3 .9 7
Tran sp o rtatio n and
w are h o u s in g ....................................
5 6 2 .7 0
5 8 0 .6 8
5 8 8 .6 8
5 7 8 .0 3
5 8 2 .6 5
5 9 1 .5 8
5 8 6 .5 9
593 .11
6 0 3 .1 0
5 8 1 .5 3
5 9 3 .4 9
5 9 5 .6 4
5 8 6 .8 0
5 9 0 .9 4
6 0 4 .8 7
Utilities..................................................
9 7 7 .1 8
9 7 8 .4 4
9 8 3 .5 2
9 7 0 .2 2
9 7 5 .0 6
1 ,0 0 5 .1 9
9 8 5 .9 2
9 9 6 .1 6
9 9 7 .0 9
9 8 7 .2 2
9 9 2 .9 8
1 ,0 0 3 .2 5
1 ,0 0 5 .7 2
1 ,0 0 0 .4 2
1 ,0 0 9.0 1
7 31.11
7 39.41
7 4 8 .1 4
7 2 8 .0 0
7 3 0 .0 0
7 5 4 .5 5
7 5 3 .5 9
7 5 8 .5 9
7 6 9 .1 2
7 4 2 .2 0
7 6 0 .0 3
7 5 7 .9 4
7 5 3 .1 8
7 5 8 .4 6
7 7 3 .9 0
5 5 8 .0 2
5 7 5 .4 3
5 8 4 .4 3
5 6 8 .8 8
5 7 6 .8 8
596 .21
5 8 1 .7 4
5 8 5 .4 0
6 0 4 .0 3
5 8 7 .8 4
6 1 1 .9 0
6 0 8 .0 4
5 9 5 .9 4
5 9 9 .0 4
6 2 2 .2 8
5 5 7 .8 4
5 7 4 .5 9
5 8 5 .3 4
5 7 0 .1 8
5 7 3 .7 9
5 8 5 .0 9
5 7 7 .6 4
5 8 0 .0 4
5 9 6 .1 6
5 7 9 .3 3
5 9 8 56
5 9 7 .1 8
5 8 5 .1 4
5 8 4 .1 2
5 9 6 .8 5
5 0 7 .3 3
5 0 8 .8 9
5 09.21
5 0 2 .5 9
5 0 3 .2 3
5 1 0 .7 7
Information..................................
Professional and
Education and
health services...........................
Other services.............................
1
D a ta
re la te
to
production
4 7 3 .3 9
4 9 3 .0 2
4 9 4 .4 2
4 9 3 .4 5
4 99 .11
5 0 3 .2 5
4 99 .61
5 0 2 .4 5
5 0 6 .9 3
2 1 5 .1 9
2 2 1 .1 5
2 2 4 .6 6
2 2 4 .9 9
2 2 6 .6 3
2 2 4 .1 2
2 22 .31
2 2 1 .6 0
2 2 7 .3 0
2 1 7 .6 3
2 2 4 .4 0
2 24 36
219 86
222 36
227 07
4 2 8 .6 4
4 3 9 .6 5
442 .51
4 3 9 .1 3
4 4 2 .4 3
4 4 5 .6 5
4 4 3 .5 2
4 4 2 .7 7
4 4 9 .7 2
4 4 2 .4 0
4 4 5 .8 4
4 4 7 .2 4
4 4 3 .4 8
4 4 3 .4 8
4 4 7 .0 4
natural
resouces
w orkers
in
and
mining and
Industry Classification S ystem (N A IC S ), replacing th e S tan d ard Industrial Q assiflfica tio n
(S IC )
m anufacturing, construction w orkers in construction, and nonsupervisory w orkers in
system . N A IC S -b a s e d da ta by Industry a re not c o m parable with S IC -b a s e d data. S e e "N otes on
th e service-providin g industries.
th e data" for a description of th e m ost recent benchm ark revision.
NO TE:
D a ta reflect th e conversion to th e 2 0 0 2 version of th e North A m erican
D ash indicates d a ta not available.
p = prelim inary.
76
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
17.
Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
[In percent]
Timespan and year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug. Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 Industries
O v e r 1-m o n th span:
1 9 9 9 ............................................................
5 6 .3
6 4 .7
5 6 .7
6 5 .8
6 4 .2
6 1 .9
6 3 .3
5 9 .9
5 7 .6
6 4 .4
6 9 .1
6 4 .4
2 0 0 0 ............................................................
6 5 .5
6 0 .3
6 5 .5
5 8 .8
4 7 .7
6 1 .7
6 5 .5
5 2 .9
5 2 .3
5 4.1
5 7 .7
5 3 .2
2 0 0 1 ............................................................
5 2 .3
4 9 .6
4 8 .6
3 6 .5
4 1 .4
38.1
3 5 .6
3 8 .5
3 9 .0
3 5 .6
3 7 .8
3 6 .0
2 0 0 2 ............................................................
4 0 .5
3 7 .0
3 7 .6
4 1 .0
4 1 .7
4 3 .7
3 9 .0
4 1 .7
4 3 .3
4 3 .9
4 2 .4
3 7 .2
2 0 0 3 ............................................................
4 4 .2
3 6 .7
44.1
4 6 .9
4 3 .3
’■'38.7
6 9 .6
O v e r 3 -m o n th span:
1 9 9 9 ............................................................
6 1 .5
6 4 .9
6 1 .0
6 5 .8
6 6 .4
69.1
6 6 .9
6 4 .4
6 2 .2
6 2 .9
6 6 .7
2 0 0 0 ............................................................
70.1
6 6 .0
6 8 .3
6 8 .3
5 8 .5
5 6 .3
58.1
6 2 .2
5 5 .9
53.1
5 4 .0
5 8 .3
2 0 0 1 ............................................................
5 4 .9
5 0 .7
5 0 .5
4 3 .5
3 7 .2
3 9 .7
3 6 .2
3 5 .8
3 4 .5
3 2 .2
3 1 .7
3 0 .9
2 0 0 2 ............................................................
3 4 .4
3 8 .3
3 6 .5
3 5 .4
3 6 .7
3 8 .8
3 9 .7
4 1 .4
38.1
3 9 .0
3 7 .8
3 4 .9
2 0 0 3 ............................................................
3 6 .0
3 5 .6
3 6 .0
4 1 .2
4 3 .0
P4 1 .4
6 6 .4
6 6 .5
O v e r 6 -m o n th s pan:
1 9 9 9 ............................................................
6 6 .9
6 4 .9
6 3 .7
6 4 .0
6 5 .6
6 5 .8
6 6 .7
6 6 .2
6 9 .4
2 0 0 0 ............................................................
6 7 .6
6 8 .7
7 1 .4
7 1 .9
6 8 .5
6 6 .2
6 7 .3
6 0 .4
5 8 .3
5 5 .0
6 1 .0
5 5 .2
3 1 .3
3 1 .7
3 5 .8
3 8 .8
3 7 .6
3 4 .5
31.1
3 3 .3
3 5 .8
3 6 .9
3 7 .4
3 7 .8
3 9 .9
3 8 .3
3 7 .4
p3 7 .9
47.1
4 2 .8
3 1.1
3 1 .3
35.1
3 4 .7
5 3 .2
5 1 .4
5 0 .7
2 0 0 2 ............................................................
3 0 .6
2 9 .9
2 0 0 3 ............................................................
3 7 .4
3 6 .5
2 0 0 1 ............................................................
6 8 .7
3 2 .9
O v e r 1 2 -m o n th span:
1 9 9 9 ............................................................
7 0 .5
6 8 .7
6 8 .2
6 8 .0
6 8 .3
6 8 .3
6 8 .0
6 8 .0
6 7 .8
6 9.1
6 8 .3
6 9 .1
2 0 0 0 ............................................................
7 0 .9
6 9 .2
7 3 .2
7 1 .0
6 9 .8
7 1 .0
7 0 .0
7 0 .3
7 0 .3
6 5 .6
6 3 .8
6 2 .1
2 0 0 1 ............................................................
5 9 .5
5 9 .5
5 3 .4
4 9 .3
4 8 .6
4 5 .0
4 3 .3
4 3 .9
3 9 .9
3 7 .8
3 7 .1
3 4 .9
2 0 0 2 ............................................................
3 3 .6
3 1 .7
3 0 .2
3 0 .2
3 0 .4
3 0 .6
3 0 .8
3 1 .8
3 1 .5
3 0 .0
3 3 .5
3 3 .3
2 0 0 3 ............................................................
3 3 .8
3 3 .3
3 4 .5
3 5 .4
3 6 .5
’'3 5 .8
Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries
O v e r 1-m o n th s pan:
1 9 9 9 ............................................................
4 2 .3
3 8 .7
3 3 .3
3 9 .3
5 2 .4
3 4 .5
5 0 .0
4 0 .5
4 1 .7
5 0 .6
5 6 .0
5 1 .8
2 0 0 0 ............................................................
5 0 .6
5 3 .6
5 4 .8
4 2 .9
3 9 .9
5 3 .6
6 2 .5
2 8 .6
2 4 .4
35.1
4 1 .1
3 8 .7
2 0 0 1 ............................................................
2 4 .4
2 2 .0
2 4 .4
1 4 .3
1 4 .3
1 9 .6
1 4 .3
1 3 .7
1 7 .9
1 6 .7
1 6 .7
9 .5
2 0 0 2 ............................................................
1 9 .0
2 2 .6
2 0 .8
3 3 .9
3 0 .4
3 2.1
3 4 .5
2 5 .0
3 1 .0
1 9 .6
2 1 .4
2 5 .0
2 0 0 3 ............................................................
3 6 .3
1 9 .0
2 7 .4
2 0 .2
3 0 .4
* 23.8
O v e r 3 -m o n th s pan:
1 9 9 9 ............................................................
3 3 .9
4 0 .5
3 7 .5
3 5 .7
4 1 .7
4 3 .5
4 2 .3
38.1
4 1.1
4 4 .6
4 9 .4
5 6 .5
2 0 0 0 ............................................................
5 4 .2
5 4 .8
5 8 .3
5 1 .8
4 1 .7
4 1 .1
5 4 .8
4 8 .2
2 9 .2
2 5 .6
2 5 .0
4 2 .3
2 0 0 1 ............................................................
3 4 .5
2 4 .4
1 7 .9
1 4 .3
1 1 .9
1 4 .3
1 0 .7
7 .7
8 .3
9 .5
8 .9
8 .3
2 0 0 2 ...........................................................
1 1 .9
1 1 .9
1 6 .7
2 0 .2
2 1 .4
2 0 .2
2 8 .6
2 5 .6
2 5 .6
1 7 .9
1 4 .9
1 0 .7
2 0 0 3 ...........................................................
1 4 .9
1 5 .5
1 9 .6
1 6 .7
1 7 .9
“15 .5
O v e r 6 -m o n th s pan:
1 9 9 9 ...........................................................
3 7 .5
3 2 .7
3 0 .4
3 3 .3
3 6 .9
38.1
38.1
3 4 .5
4 0 .5
4 6 .4
4 1 .1
4 8 .2
2 0 0 0 ...........................................................
4 7 .0
5 1 .2
5 6 .5
57.1
4 9 .4
4 7 .6
5 6 .0
4 4 .0
3 6 .9
35.1
3 4 .5
3 1 .0
2 0 0 1 ...........................................................
2 3 .8
2 4 .4
2 0 .8
1 7 .9
1 4 .9
1 1 .9
1 3 .7
9 .5
8 .3
6 .5
6 .5
6 .0
2 0 0 2 ...........................................................
7 .7
8 .9
7 .7
8 .9
1 2 .5
1 6 .7
1 9 .6
1 9 .6
2 3 .8
1 7 .9
1 6 .7
1 3 .7
2 0 0 3 ...........................................................
1 3 .7
1 4 .3
1 2 .5
1 1 .9
1 2 .5
H1 5 .i
O v e r 1 2 -m o n th span:
1 9 9 9 ...........................................................
3 5 .7
32.1
2 9 .8
32.1
3 2 .7
32.1
3 4 .5
32.1
3 3 .Î
39-c
4 1.1
4 2 .9
2 0 0 0 ...........................................................
4 1 .7
3 9 .3
4 7 .0
5 0 .0
4 6 .4
5 2 .4
5 1 .8
4 9 .4
4 6 .4
4 0 .5
3 5.1
3 3 .3
2 0 0 1 ...........................................................
2 9 .8
32.1
2 0 .8
1 9 .0
13.1
1 2 .5
1 0 .7
1 1 .9
1 1 .9
10.1
8 .3
6 .0
2 0 0 2 ...........................................................
7.1
6 .0
6 .0
7.1
7 .7
5 .4
6 .0
8 .9
7 .7
9 .5
13.1
13.1
2 0 0 3 ...........................................................
1 3 .7
1 5 .5
1 6.7
13.1
1 5 .5
K14.9
NO TE:
F ig u re s a re th e p e rc e n t of in d u s tries w ith e m p lo y m e n t
in c re a s in g
plus
o n e -h a lf o f th e
in d u s tries
e m p lo y m e n t, w h e re 5 0 p e rc e n t in d ic a te s
w ith
unchanged
a n e q u a l b a la n c e
b e tw e e n
in d u s tries
w ith
in c re a s in g
and
e m p lo y m e n t. S e e th e "D efin itio n s" in this s e c tio n .
d e c re a s in g
S e e "N o te s
o n th e d a ta " fo r a d e sc rip tio n o f th e m ost re c e n t b e n c h m a rk
re vis io n .
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
77
Current Labor Statistics:
Labor Force Data
18. Establishment size and employment covered under Ul, private ownership, by Supersector, first quarter 2001
Size of establishments
Industry, establishments, and
employment
Total
Fewer than
5 workers'
5 to 9
workers
10 to 19
workers
20 to 49
workers
50 to 99
workers
100 to 249
workers
250 to 499
workers
500 to 999
workers
1,000 or
more
workers
Total all industries2
E s ta b lis h m e n ts , first q u a rte r
E m p lo y m e n t, M a rc h
...............
7 ,6 6 5 ,9 6 8
4 ,5 2 6 ,0 6 2
1 ,3 0 4 ,7 4 1
8 5 8 ,6 0 6
5 9 8 ,4 3 8
2 0 8 ,0 8 4
1 2 1 ,1 8 9
3 1 ,1 4 9
1 1 ,6 7 8
6 ,0 2 1
1 0 8 ,9 3 2 ,8 0 4
6 ,8 8 6 ,7 5 2
8 ,6 3 3 ,3 3 7
1 1 ,5 8 8 ,2 2 0
1 8 ,1 0 4 ,0 6 1
1 4 ,3 2 3 ,0 6 0
1 8 ,1 5 8 ,2 7 6
1 0 ,6 1 1 ,5 5 6
7 ,9 1 7 ,0 6 5
1 2 ,7 1 0 ,4 7 7
Natural resources and mining
E s ta b lis h m e n ts , first q u a rte r
E m p lo y m e n t, M a rc h ................
1 2 7 ,9 6 9
7 4 ,6 4 4
2 3 ,3 0 4
1 5 ,1 6 9
9 ,5 0 1
2 ,9 3 5
1 ,7 0 0
499
167
1 ,5 6 6 ,1 0 4
50
1 1 0 ,9 4 2
1 5 4 ,1 9 9
2 0 3 ,8 4 5
2 8 5 ,4 8 6
2 0 0 ,3 6 0
2 5 4 ,3 5 8
1 7 2 ,0 1 1
1 0 9 ,9 7 3
7 4 ,9 3 0
7 6 5 ,6 4 9
6 ,4 8 1 ,3 3 4
4 9 4 ,2 5 4
1 2 7 ,0 1 7
7 5 ,9 8 3
4 7 ,2 3 0
13,5 91
6 ,0 4 0
1 ,1 7 6
293
65
7 1 4 ,9 9 2
8 3 2 ,9 7 8
1 ,0 2 0 ,9 8 2
1 ,4 1 0 ,1 3 1
9 2 5 ,1 7 8
8 9 0 ,2 8 2
3 9 0 ,6 3 0
1 9 7 ,1 4 6
9 9 ,0 1 5
2 8 ,6 3 3
2 ,0 0 9 ,2 2 4
2 2 ,4 9 0
7 ,6 3 6
3 ,1 9 8
1 ,4 7 9
3 ,4 5 6 ,6 2 0
2 ,6 2 2 ,5 1 2
2 ,1 6 6 ,3 5 2
3 ,1 7 5 ,0 7 5
Construction
E s ta b lis h m e n ts , first q u a rte r
E m p lo y m e n t, M a rc h ...............
Manufacturing
E s ta b lis h m e n ts , first q u a rte r
E m p lo y m e n t, M a rc h
...............
3 9 8 ,8 3 7
1 4 8 ,6 8 2
6 7 ,5 1 0
6 0 ,2 6 7
5 8 ,9 4 2
1 6 ,8 0 6 ,4 5 2
2 5 5 ,3 7 6
4 5 3 ,7 5 0
8 3 0 ,6 8 5
1 ,8 3 6 ,8 5 8
Trade, transportation, and utilities
E s ta b lis h m e n ts , first q u a rte r
E m p lo y m e n t, M a rc h
.........
1 ,8 4 0 ,1 0 4
9 6 9 ,7 6 0
3 7 6 ,5 7 8
2 4 4 ,8 9 0
1 5 3 ,4 5 0
5 3 ,1 1 0
...........................
3 2 ,8 9 8
6 ,9 7 0
1 ,8 1 3
2 5 ,5 1 8 ,4 3 0
635
1 ,6 2 9 ,6 2 6
2 ,5 0 7 ,9 0 6
3 ,2 7 8 ,0 7 4
4 ,6 3 0 ,6 1 1
3 ,6 7 0 ,3 6 3
4 ,8 8 8 ,0 3 3
2 ,3 4 3 ,7 9 4
1 ,1 9 1 ,8 9 4
1 ,3 7 8 ,1 2 9
Information
E s ta b lis h m e n ts , first q u a rte r
1 5 0 ,8 5 5
8 4 ,6 7 2
2 0 ,6 3 6
1 7 ,1 1 9
1 4 ,7 7 2
6 ,6 9 8
4 ,4 7 5
...............
1 ,4 7 6
674
3 ,6 9 2 ,9 4 8
333
1 1 3 ,8 1 2
1 3 7 ,4 2 6
2 3 4 ,4 9 2
4 5 7 ,2 3 6
4 6 5 ,5 6 7
6 8 5 ,7 4 6
5 0 7 ,0 6 3
4 6 2 ,5 3 3
6 2 9 ,0 7 3
E s ta b lis h m e n ts , first q u a rte r
E m p lo y m e n t, M a rc h ...............
7 1 6 ,8 0 8
4 5 8 ,3 9 0
7 5 0 ,4 2 1
1 2 8 ,2 6 6
8 4 3 ,3 1 1
7 1 ,6 1 5
3 7 ,5 2 9
488
1 ,1 2 1 ,8 2 5
9 1 7 ,2 5 0
1 ,8 0 8
6 2 1 ,2 4 0
897
9 5 2 ,1 9 8
1 1,7 31
8 0 1 ,9 9 4
6 ,0 8 4
7 ,6 2 3 ,1 2 6
6 0 9 ,1 9 9
1 ,0 0 5 ,6 8 8
7 3 ,8 0 7
2 ,2 4 5 ,7 2 9
1 9 ,4 0 5
2 ,9 5 1 ,8 7 3
5 ,6 5 4
2 ,1 7 7
1 ,0 0 1
2 ,0 2 2 ,7 4 5
1 ,9 3 3 ,6 6 8
1 ,4 8 0 ,8 7 8
2 ,0 4 3 , 5 9 4
1 ,6 9 0
1 ,1 7 8 ,7 2 7
3 ,5 2 6 ,9 4 3
E m p lo y m e n t, M a rc h
Financial activities
Professional and business services
E s ta b lis h m e n ts , firs t q u a rte r .............
E m p lo y m e n t, M a rc h ...............................
1 ,2 3 8 ,2 6 7
8 2 5 ,6 1 7
1 7 3 ,7 7 3
1 0 7 ,6 9 4
1 6 ,4 4 1 ,2 8 9
1 ,1 7 0 ,0 9 8
1 ,1 4 0 ,7 7 2
1 ,4 5 1 ,9 3 2
1 5 5 ,3 3 3
1 ,0 2 7 ,9 1 3
9 6 ,1 2 1
6 1 ,0 9 7
2 2 ,7 8 9
1 5 ,9 8 9
3 ,7 2 1
1 ,2 9 1 ,6 0 5
1 ,8 3 6 ,7 9 9
1 ,5 8 9 ,8 0 9
2 ,3 8 3 ,4 4 3
1 ,2 7 4 ,1 2 0
2 9 ,1 3 9
Education and health services
E s ta b lis h m e n ts , first q u a rte r .
E m p lo y m e n t, M a rc h ..................
6 7 9 ,7 6 2
3 2 1 ,4 2 8
1 4 ,7 1 2 ,8 2 9
6 0 3 ,4 7 0
1 ,5 9 4
Leisure and hospitality
E s ta b lis h m e n ts , firs t q u a rte r
E m p lo y m e n t, M a rc h
...............
6 2 7 ,8 7 5
2 4 9 ,5 4 2
1 0 4 ,5 4 8
1 1 0 ,3 7 4
1 1 7 ,2 6 4
3 3 ,9 3 9
9 ,4 6 3
1 ,7 2 5
667
353
1 1 ,5 9 0 ,0 4 8
3 9 0 ,2 5 8
7 0 5 ,2 2 2
1 ,5 4 2 ,7 6 0
3 ,5 6 0 ,7 1 5
2 ,2 6 3 ,9 3 5
1 ,3 4 4 ,2 1 7
5 8 6 ,2 6 9
4 5 3 ,7 0 3
7 4 2 ,9 6 9
9 5 4 ,6 2 7
7 5 0 ,2 6 1
9 7 7 ,8 7 1
1 1 5 ,6 1 9
5 5 ,7 5 6
2 4 ,2 5 4
23
7 0 3 ,6 8 7
2 ,6 3 0
3 8 4 ,0 4 4
102
7 3 4 ,9 8 0
5 ,4 9 8
3 7 2 ,4 9 9
484
7 5 2 ,6 8 9
1 6 0 ,2 4 9
6 6 ,6 6 0
3 5 ,0 6 1
Other services
E s ta b lis h m e n ts , firs t q u a rte r
E m p lo y m e n t, M a rc h
...............
4 ,1 8 7 ,7 4 0
1 In c lu d e s e s ta b lis h m e n ts th a t re p o rte d no w o rk e rs in M a rc h 2 0 0 1 .
2 In c lu d e s d a ta for u n c la s s ifie d e s ta b lis h m e n ts , not s h o w n s e p a ra te ly .
78
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
NO TE:
D e ta il m a y not a d d to to tals d u e to rounding.
D a ta re fle c t th e m o v e m e n t of
Indian T rib al C o u n cil e s ta b lis h m e n ts fro m p riv a te industry to th e p ublic sec to r.
N o te s on C u rre n t L a b o r S tatistics.
S ee
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
19.
Annual data: establishm ents, em ploym ent, and wages covered under Ul and UCFE by ownership
Year
A v e ra g e
e s t a b lis h m e n ts
A v era g e
T o ta l a n n u a l w a g e s
annual
(In th o u s a n d s )
e m p lo y m e n t
A v e ra g e a n n u al
A v e ra g e
w ages
w e e k ly
p e r e m p lo y e e
w age
T o ta l c o v e r e d (U l a n d U C F E )
6 ,5 3 2 ,6 0 8
1 0 7 ,4 1 3 ,7 2 8
$ 2 ,7 8 1 ,6 7 6 ,4 7 7
$ 2 5 ,8 9 7
$498
6 ,6 7 9 ,9 3 4
1 0 9 ,4 2 2 ,5 7 1
2 ,8 8 4 ,4 7 2 ,2 8 2
2 6 ,3 6 1
507
1 9 9 4 .................................................................
1995
.............................................................
6 ,8 2 6 ,6 7 7
1 1 2 ,6 1 1 ,2 8 7
3 ,0 3 3 ,6 7 6 ,6 7 8
2 6 ,9 3 9
518
7 ,0 4 0 ,6 7 7
1 1 5 ,4 8 7 ,8 4 1
3 ,2 1 5 ,9 2 1 ,2 3 6
2 7 ,8 4 6
536
1996
....................................................
1 9 9 7 ................................................................
7 ,1 8 9 ,1 6 8
1 1 7 ,9 6 3 ,1 3 2
3 ,4 1 4 ,5 1 4 ,8 0 8
2 8 ,9 4 6
557
7 ,3 6 9 ,4 7 3
1 2 1 ,0 4 4 ,4 3 2
3 ,6 7 4 ,0 3 1 ,7 1 8
3 0 ,3 5 3
584
1 9 9 8 .................................................................
1 9 9 9 ..............................................................
7 ,6 3 4 ,0 1 8
1 2 4 ,1 8 3 ,5 4 9
3 ,9 6 7 ,0 7 2 ,4 2 3
3 1 ,9 4 5
614
7 ,8 2 0 ,8 6 0
1 2 7 ,0 4 2 ,2 8 2
4 ,2 3 5 ,5 7 9 ,2 0 4
3 3 ,3 4 0
641
2 0 0 0 .................................................................
7 ,8 7 9 ,1 1 6
1 2 9 ,8 7 7 ,0 6 3
4 ,5 8 7 ,7 0 8 ,5 8 4
3 5 ,3 2 3
4 ,6 9 5 ,2 2 5 ,1 2 3
3 6 ,2 1 9
679
697
......................................................
..............................................................
1992
1993
2 0 0 1 .................................................................
7 ,9 8 4 ,5 2 9
1 2 9 ,6 3 5 ,8 0 0
Ul c o v e re d
1 9 9 2 .................................................................
1 9 9 3 .................................................................
6 ,4 8 5 ,4 7 3
1 0 4 ,2 8 8 ,3 2 4
$ 2 ,6 7 2 ,0 8 1 ,8 2 7
$ 2 5 ,6 2 2
$493
6 ,6 3 2 ,2 2 1
1 0 6 ,3 5 1 ,4 3 1
2 ,7 7 1 ,0 2 3 ,4 1 1
2 6 ,0 5 5
501
1994
.............................................................
1 9 9 5 ................................................................
6 ,7 7 8 ,3 0 0
6 ,9 9 0 ,5 9 4
1 0 9 ,5 8 8 ,1 8 9
2 ,9 1 8 ,6 8 4 ,1 2 8
2 6 ,6 3 3
512
1 1 2 ,5 3 9 ,7 9 5
3 ,1 0 2 ,3 5 3 ,3 5 5
2 7 ,5 6 7
530
1 1 5 ,0 8 1 ,2 4 6
1 1 8 ,2 3 3 ,9 4 2
3 ,2 9 8 ,0 4 5 ,2 8 6
2 8 ,6 5 8
551
3 ,5 5 3 ,9 3 3 ,8 8 5
3 0 ,0 5 8
578
.............................................................
7 ,1 3 7 ,6 4 4
1 9 9 7 .................................................................
1 9 9 8 ..............................................................
1999
.............................................................
7 ,3 1 7 ,3 6 3
1 2 1 ,4 0 0 ,6 6 0
1 2 4 ,2 5 5 ,7 1 4
3 ,8 4 5 ,4 9 4 ,0 8 9
3 1 ,6 7 6
7 ,7 7 1 ,1 9 8
4 ,1 1 2 ,1 6 9 ,5 3 3
3 3 ,0 9 4
636
2 0 0 0 .................................................................
7 ,8 2 8 ,8 6 1
1 2 7 ,0 0 5 ,5 7 4
4 ,4 5 4 ,9 6 6 ,8 2 4
3 5 ,0 7 7
675
2001
7 ,9 3 3 ,5 3 6
1 2 6 ,8 8 3 ,1 8 2
4 ,5 6 0 ,5 1 1 ,2 8 0
3 5 ,9 4 3
691
1996
................................................................
7 ,5 8 6 ,7 6 7
609
P r iv a te in d u s tr y c o v e r e d
1992
...........................................................
1 9 9 3 .................................................................
6 ,3 0 8 ,7 1 9
8 9 ,3 4 9 ,8 0 3
$ 2 ,2 8 2 ,5 9 8 ,4 3 1
$ 2 5 ,5 4 7
$491
6 ,4 5 4 ,3 8 1
9 1 ,2 0 2 ,9 7 1
2 ,3 6 5 ,3 0 1 ,4 9 3
2 5 ,9 3 4
499
2 ,4 9 4 ,4 5 8 ,5 5 5
2 6 ,4 9 6
510
528
1 9 9 4 ................................................................
1 9 9 5 .................................................................
6 ,5 9 6 ,1 5 8
9 4 ,1 4 6 ,3 4 4
6 ,8 0 3 ,4 5 4
9 6 ,8 9 4 ,8 4 4
2 ,6 5 8 ,9 2 7 ,2 1 6
2 7 ,4 4 1
1996
2 ,8 3 7 ,3 3 4 ,2 1 7
2 8 ,5 8 2
550
6 ,9 4 6 ,8 5 8
9 9 ,2 6 8 ,4 4 6
1 9 9 7 .................................................................
7 ,1 2 1 ,1 8 2
1 0 2 ,1 7 5 ,1 6 1
3 ,0 7 1 ,8 0 7 ,2 8 7
3 0 ,0 6 4
578
1998
1999
........................................................
.........................................................
7 ,3 8 1 ,5 1 8
1 0 5 ,0 8 2 ,3 6 8
3 ,3 3 7 ,6 2 1 ,6 9 9
3 1 ,7 6 2
611
7 ,5 6 0 ,5 6 7
1 0 7 ,6 1 9 ,4 5 7
3 ,5 7 7 ,7 3 8 ,5 5 7
2000
........................................................
7 ,6 2 2 ,2 7 4
1 1 0 ,0 1 5 ,3 3 3
3 ,8 8 7 ,6 2 6 ,7 6 9
3 5 ,3 3 7
680
1 0 9 ,3 0 4 ,8 0 2
3 ,9 5 2 ,1 5 2 ,1 5 5
3 6 ,1 5 7
695
$534
............................................................
2 0 0 1 .................................................................
7 ,7 2 4 ,9 6 5
3 3 ,2 4 4
639
S ta te g o v e r n m e n t c o v e r e d
1 9 9 2 .................................................................
1 9 9 3 .................................................................
5 8 ,8 0 1
4 ,0 4 4 ,9 1 4
$ 1 1 2 ,4 0 5 ,3 4 0
$ 2 7 ,7 8 9
5 9 ,1 8 5
4 ,0 8 8 ,0 7 5
1 1 7 ,0 9 5 ,0 6 2
2 8 ,6 4 3
551
1994
....................................................
1 9 9 5 .................................................................
6 0 ,6 8 6
4 ,1 6 2 ,9 4 4
1 2 2 ,8 7 9 ,9 7 7
568
6 0 ,7 6 3
4 ,2 0 1 ,8 3 6
1 2 8 ,1 4 3 ,4 9 1
2 9 ,5 1 8
3 0 ,4 9 7
1 9 9 6 .................................................................
1 9 9 7 .................................................................
6 2 ,1 4 6
6 5 ,3 5 2
4 ,1 9 1 ,7 2 6
4 ,2 1 4 ,4 5 1
1 3 1 ,6 0 5 ,8 0 0
1 3 7 ,0 5 7 ,4 3 2
3 1 ,3 9 7
3 2 ,5 2 1
604
625
1 9 9 8 .................................................................
1999
.............................................................
6 7 ,3 4 7
4 ,2 4 0 ,7 7 9
646
4 ,2 9 6 ,6 7 3
1 4 2 ,5 1 2 ,4 4 5
1 4 9 ,0 1 1 ,1 9 4
3 3 ,6 0 5
7 0 ,5 3 8
3 4 ,6 8 1
667
2000
................................................................
6 5 ,0 9 6
4 ,3 7 0 ,1 6 0
1 5 8 ,6 1 8 ,3 6 5
2 0 0 1 .................................................................
6 4 ,5 8 3
4 ,4 5 2 ,2 3 7
1 6 8 ,3 5 8 ,3 3 1
3 6 ,2 9 6
3 7 ,8 1 4
698
727
586
L o cal g o v e rn m e n t c o v e re d
1 9 9 2 .................................................................
1 9 9 3 .................................................................
1 9 9 4 .................................................................
1 1 7 ,9 2 3
1 0 ,8 9 2 ,6 9 7
$ 2 7 7 ,0 4 5 ,5 5 7
$ 2 5 ,4 3 4
$489
1 1 8 ,6 2 6
1 1 ,0 5 9 ,5 0 0
2 8 8 ,5 9 4 ,6 9 7
1 2 1 ,4 2 5
1 2 6 ,3 4 2
1 1 ,2 7 8 ,0 8 0
3 0 1 ,3 1 5 ,8 5 7
2 6 ,0 9 5
2 6 ,7 1 7
514
2 7 ,5 5 2
530
502
1 1 ,4 4 2 ,2 3 8
3 1 5 ,2 5 2 ,3 4 6
1 9 9 6 .................................................................
1 2 8 ,6 4 0
1 1 ,6 2 1 ,0 7 4
3 2 9 ,1 0 5 ,2 6 9
2 8 ,3 2 0
545
1 9 9 7 .................................................................
1 3 0 ,8 2 9
1 3 7 ,9 0 2
1 1 ,8 4 4 ,3 3 0
3 4 5 ,0 6 9 ,1 6 6
2 9 ,1 3 4
560
582
1 9 9 5 .................................................................
3 6 5 ,3 5 9 ,9 4 5
3 0 .2 5 1
1 9 9 9 .................................................................
1 4 0 ,0 9 3
1 2 ,0 7 7 ,5 1 3
1 2 ,3 3 9 ,5 8 4
3 8 5 ,4 1 9 ,7 8 1
3 1 ,2 3 4
601
2 0 0 0 .................................................................
1 4 1 ,4 9 1
1 2 ,6 2 0 ,0 8 1
4 0 8 ,7 2 1 ,6 9 0
3 2 ,3 8 7
623
2 0 0 1 .................................................................
1 4 3 ,9 8 9
1 3 ,1 2 6 ,1 4 3
4 4 0 ,0 0 0 ,7 9 5
3 3 ,5 2 1
645
1998
.............................................................
F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t c o v e r e d (U C F E )
4 7 ,1 3 6
3 ,1 2 5 ,4 0 4
$674
3 ,0 7 1 ,1 4 0
$ 1 0 9 ,5 9 4 ,6 5 0
1 1 3 ,4 4 8 ,8 7 1
$ 3 5 ,0 6 6
4 7 ,7 1 4
3 6 ,9 4 0
710
1 9 9 4 ..............................................................
1 9 9 5 ................................................................
4 8 ,3 7 7
3 ,0 2 3 ,0 9 8
1 1 4 ,9 9 2 ,5 5 0
3 8 ,0 3 8
731
5 0 ,0 8 3
1 1 3 ,5 6 7 ,8 8 1
1 9 9 6 ................................................................
5 1 ,5 2 4
2 ,9 4 8 ,0 4 6
2 ,8 8 1 ,8 8 7
1 1 6 ,4 6 9 ,5 2 3
3 8 ,5 2 3
4 0 ,4 1 4
777
4 2 ,7 3 2
822
840
1992
......................................................
1 9 9 3 ................................................................
741
1 9 9 7 ................................................................
5 2 ,1 1 0
2 ,8 1 0 ,4 8 9
1 2 0 ,0 9 7 ,8 3 3
1 9 9 8 ..............................................................
1 9 9 9 ..............................................................
4 7 ,2 5 2
2 ,7 8 2 ,8 8 8
1 2 1 ,5 7 8 ,3 3 4
4 3 ,6 8 8
4 9 ,6 6 1
2 ,7 8 6 ,5 6 7
1 2 3 ,4 0 9 ,6 7 2
4 4 ,2 8 7
2 ,8 7 1 ,4 8 9
1 3 2 ,7 4 1 ,7 6 0
4 6 ,2 2 8
889
2 ,7 5 2 ,6 1 9
1 3 4 ,7 1 3 ,8 4 3
4 8 ,9 4 0
941
2 0 0 0 ................................................................
2 0 0 1 ................................................................
NO TE:
5 0 ,2 5 6
5 0 ,9 9 3
D e ta il m a y not a d d to to tals d u e to rounding,
852
D a ta re flec t th e m o v e m e n t of In d ian T rib a l C o u n c il e s ta b lis h m e n ts fro m p riv a te in d u s try to
th e public sec to r. S e e N o te s on C u rre n t L a b o r S tatistics.
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
79
Current Labor Statistics:
20.
Labor Force Data
Annual data: establishments, employment, and wages covered under Ul and UCFE, by State
Ave rage
establii shments
State
2000-
2001
T o ta l U n ite d S ta te s
Average annual
employment
2001
change
2001
Total annual wages
(in thousands)
20002001
change
2001
Average weekly
wage
20002001
change
20002001
change
2001
...........
7 ,9 8 4 ,5 2 9
1 5 4 ,5 4 0
1 2 9 ,6 3 5 ,8 0 0
-1 8 5 ,7 7 9
$ 4 ,6 9 5 ,2 2 5 ,1 2 3
$ 1 0 9 ,8 8 4 ,9 2 0
$697
A l a b a m a ...................................
1 1 2 ,3 5 6
30
1 ,8 5 4 ,4 6 2
-2 3 ,5 0 0
5 5 ,8 2 2 ,0 9 7
1 ,2 8 4 ,0 8 8
579
21
7 ,4 7 9
2 2 ,9 4 2
1 0 ,2 3 7 ,2 9 2
5 5 3 ,2 3 7
696
7 4 ,9 6 3 ,0 7 2
2 ,5 4 6 ,2 4 8
643
20
16
A l a s k a .......................................
1 9 ,2 8 7
467
2 8 3 ,0 3 3
A r i z o n a ......................................
1 1 8 ,7 0 6
3 ,5 4 6
2 ,2 4 3 ,6 5 2
$18
A r k a n s a s ..................................
7 2 ,8 1 4
587
1 ,1 2 7 ,1 5 1
-3 ,7 3 1
3 0 ,7 2 5 ,5 9 2
9 6 3 ,8 6 2
C a lif o r n ia .................................
524
1 ,0 6 5 ,6 9 9
18
7 4 ,6 4 5
1 4 ,9 8 1 ,7 5 7
1 3 8 ,2 8 4
6 1 9 ,1 4 6 ,6 5 1
7 ,4 9 7 ,4 7 6
795
3
C o l o r a d o ..................................
1 5 3 ,8 2 4
5 ,3 4 7
1 4 ,7 2 8
8 3 ,5 4 7 ,6 0 2
C o n n e c t ic u t ............................
2 ,2 7 4 ,6 6 9
1 0 8 ,2 0 1
414
2 ,2 0 1 ,3 7 9
1 ,6 6 5 ,6 0 7
-9 ,1 2 1
7 8 ,2 7 2 ,0 9 9
2 ,0 9 5 ,2 4 3
D e l a w a r e .................................
730
904
29
505
4 0 6 ,7 3 6
482
1 5 ,6 2 9 ,6 3 6
7 8 7 ,0 6 7
D is trict of C o l u m b i a ............
2 5 ,2 5 3
2 8 ,4 1 4
739
36
9
6 3 5 ,7 4 9
-1 ,5 3 5
3 5 ,5 4 3 ,5 5 9
1 ,7 9 0 ,0 8 6
F l o r i d a .......................................
1 ,0 7 5
4 5 4 ,0 7 7
56
9 ,3 6 7
7 ,1 5 3 ,5 8 9
9 2 ,6 0 6
2 2 5 ,7 1 3 ,7 0 1
9 ,9 3 3 ,3 5 6
607
19
G e o r g i a ....................................
2 3 0 ,2 3 2
5 ,2 1 9
3 ,8 7 1 ,7 6 3
-1 0 ,9 4 1
1 3 6 ,0 3 9 ,4 3 8
3 ,1 9 5 ,9 2 6
1 7 ,4 1 2 ,2 1 0
4 6 9 ,2 6 6
676
601
15
H a w a i i .......................................
3 5 ,4 3 9
1 ,4 1 2
5 5 7 ,1 4 6
3 ,9 6 1
I d a h o ..........................................
4 6 ,4 8 0
1 ,0 8 4
5 7 1 ,3 1 4
8 ,1 3 7
1 5 ,8 6 4 ,5 1 0
Illin o is ........................................
2 6 3 ,8 3 2
534
18
12
1
3 1 9 ,5 8 8
-2 ,7 2 3
5 ,8 8 6 ,2 4 8
-5 4 ,2 5 9
2 3 0 ,0 5 4 ,8 3 5
4 ,0 5 0 ,8 1 1
I n d i a n a ......................................
752
1 5 1 ,3 7 6
20
-1 ,3 2 8
2 ,8 7 1 ,2 3 6
-6 3 ,3 9 2
9 1 ,2 4 6 ,1 8 9
1 8 3 ,5 2 0
611
14
I o w a ...........................................
9 1 ,0 0 6
-5 ,8 2 5
1 ,4 2 9 ,5 4 3
-1 3 ,4 3 2
4 1 ,2 2 3 ,5 3 4
9 1 9 ,4 9 2
K a n s a s ......................................
555
8 0 ,5 2 1
1 0 8 ,0 2 5
18
52
302
1 ,3 1 9 ,6 6 7
5 ,9 8 4
1 ,7 3 6 ,5 7 5
-2 6 ,1 6 0
3 9 ,7 9 2 ,1 1 4
5 2 ,1 3 3 ,4 1 7
1 ,2 2 1 ,3 8 7
1 ,3 6 7 ,0 2 8
L o u is ia n a ................................
M a i n e ........................................
580
577
1 1 5 ,8 0 7
15
23
-2 ,3 8 6
1 ,3 4 4
1 ,8 6 9 ,9 6 6
827
5 4 ,4 7 3 ,1 4 6
2 ,3 4 5 ,8 7 1
4 6 ,2 0 6
2 ,4 7 2
1 7 ,0 9 2 ,0 4 3
7 5 0 ,8 8 6
560
554
24
5 9 3 ,1 6 6
M a r y l a n d ..................................
1 4 7 ,1 5 8
622
2 ,4 2 1 ,8 9 9
1 6 ,3 9 2
9 2 ,6 4 4 ,8 7 3
5 ,0 9 6 ,0 1 6
M a s s a c h u s e t t s ......................
M ic h ig a n ..................................
736
1 9 1 ,8 2 4
36
6 ,8 4 8
5 ,8 0 9
487
3 ,2 7 6 ,2 2 4
2 1 ,1 0 4
1 4 7 ,3 4 8 ,2 3 4
3 ,5 7 4 ,4 9 4
2 5 9 ,5 5 6
4 ,4 7 6 ,6 5 9
2 ,6 0 9 ,6 6 9
-1 0 7 ,8 8 0
1 ,3 2 5
1 6 7 ,3 8 5 ,1 2 9
9 5 ,4 7 9 ,1 8 8
-2 ,2 9 5 ,1 5 8
3 ,1 0 7 ,3 9 6
865
719
704
23
-7 4 8
1 ,1 1 1 ,2 5 5
-2 5 ,5 2 0
2 8 ,8 0 6 ,8 6 9
1 5 1 ,3 8 5
499
14
138
2 ,6 5 2 ,8 7 6
-2 3 ,9 6 0
8 6 ,0 0 9 ,6 9 4
2 ,0 0 0 ,4 3 8
623
19
Kentucky ........................
M in n e s o ta ...............................
M is sis sip p i .............................
M is so u ri ...................................
M o n t a n a ...................................
N e b r a s k a ................................
N e v a d a ....................................
1 5 6 ,0 3 1
6 3 ,2 0 7
1 6 3 ,1 2 1
4 0 ,4 7 7
5 2 ,6 5 3
4 9 ,6 3 5
22
16
7
2 ,1 3 6
3 8 3 ,9 0 5
4 ,8 6 2
9 ,6 7 2 ,3 7 1
4 7 2 ,1 1 2
485
18
836
8 8 3 ,9 2 0
1 ,0 4 3 ,7 4 8
1 ,5 1 6
2 5 ,0 8 3 ,2 9 3
2 5 ,9 1 9
6 4 6 ,7 4 5
1 ,7 1 7 ,0 6 3
5 8 2 ,7 5 4
546
637
13
16
682
14
N e w H a m p s h ire ...................
4 6 ,0 7 0
1 ,7 7 0
171
6 1 0 ,1 9 2
3 ,6 8 5
3 4 ,5 6 9 ,5 0 6
2 1 ,6 5 0 ,2 6 7
N e w J e r s e y ............................
N e w M e x ic o ...........................
2 5 6 ,5 3 6
4 8 ,4 3 9
-1 3 ,7 9 3
522
3 ,8 7 6 ,1 9 4
-1 ,2 2 1
1 7 1 ,7 9 3 ,6 4 2
1 2 ,2 9 3
2 0 ,9 3 5 ,8 2 5
2 ,4 4 3 ,6 1 8
1 ,2 1 6 ,1 9 1
852
7 2 9 ,4 2 2
N e w Y o rk ................................
552
5 3 8 ,8 9 8
12
23
9 ,8 2 2
8 ,4 2 3 ,3 1 2
-4 7 ,4 4 6
9 ,3 8 3 ,3 4 6
899
27
3 ,8 0 5 ,4 9 8
3 1 1 ,6 3 2
-5 7 ,2 7 2
3 9 3 ,5 9 8 ,6 6 6
1 2 1 ,8 6 6 ,0 0 7
1 ,8 5 8 ,8 7 2
616
19
2 ,4 1 2
8 ,0 1 1 ,0 8 5
3 7 8 ,5 1 0
494
19
-7 7 ,8 6 5
1 8 0 ,8 8 5 ,1 5 4
1 ,6 8 1 ,2 9 9
640
15
539
N o rth C a r o l in a .......................
2 2 4 ,4 2 6
2 ,2 0 8
N o rth D a k o t a ..........................
2 3 ,3 2 6
38
O h io ...........................................
2 8 5 ,5 6 7
5 ,4 3 4 ,7 6 9
O k la h o m a ...............................
O r e g o n ......................................
9 0 ,6 0 3
4 ,7 0 5
1 ,5 7 4
1 ,4 6 3 ,6 2 2
1 1 ,7 7 1
2 ,1 5 0
1 ,5 9 6 ,7 5 3
-1 1 ,1 7 5
4 1 ,0 0 4 ,2 5 0
5 3 ,0 1 8 ,3 6 5
1 ,8 2 1 ,7 4 3
1 1 1 ,0 7 3
3 1 7 ,0 9 8
639
20
g
P e n n s y lv a n ia ........................
3 3 1 ,4 0 5
1 6 ,1 8 7
5 ,5 5 2 ,3 6 6
-5 ,5 3 5
1 9 4 ,2 1 1 ,6 9 6
5 ,1 5 8 ,6 3 2
R h o d e I s l a n d .........................
673
3 3 ,6 3 6
19
311
4 6 8 ,9 5 2
1,351
1 5 ,7 5 8 ,3 6 9
5 0 7 ,6 1 0
646
19
S o u th C a r o l i n a .....................
S o u th D a k o t a ........................
1 1 4 ,9 7 9
1 ,7 8 6 ,8 9 9
-3 3 ,2 1 0
598
5 2 ,2 7 5 ,6 7 9
9 ,3 3 7 ,0 1 4
9 8 6 ,9 6 7
2 7 ,3 6 5
5 ,6 1 3
2 21
21
3 0 6 ,3 0 2
T e n n e s s e e .............................
T e x a s ........................................
563
492
1 2 5 ,1 6 5
4 9 4 ,0 8 8
140
2 ,6 2 5 ,7 4 6
8 2 ,7 6 2 ,4 0 2
3 3 7 ,0 4 7 ,9 6 2
606
9 ,3 5 0 ,7 7 0
- 4 1 ,0 0 5
6 2 ,4 3 7
1 ,2 7 5 ,6 4 1
4 ,5 0 9
U ta h ...........................................
1 2 ,4 8 4 ,2 2 3
693
6 8 ,6 0 7
18
21
2 ,4 7 0
1 ,0 5 0 ,6 7 4
6 ,5 5 1
3 1 ,6 0 0 ,7 1 5
1 ,0 8 2 ,2 0 4
578
16
V e r m o n t ...................................
2 4 ,1 5 6
287
2 9 8 ,0 2 0
581
25
3 6 4 ,7 1 5
15
9 ,0 1 1 ,4 6 8
V ir g i n i a ......................................
4 3 9 ,4 9 2
1 9 5 ,6 3 9
3 ,0 4 8
3 ,4 3 6 ,1 7 2
1 ,5 5 8
8 ,4 1 1
1 2 6 ,2 2 2 ,3 5 0
5 ,6 6 2 ,7 7 9
W a s h in g t o n ............................
706
2 2 1 ,4 5 0
1 ,7 7 5
2 ,6 8 9 ,5 0 7
-1 4 ,9 2 1
1 0 0 ,7 4 6 ,6 6 3
720
30
7
W e s t V ir g in ia .........................
4 1 3 ,7 4 0
4 6 ,6 2 0
-1 8 6
6 8 5 ,7 5 4
-8 4 5
1 9 ,1 8 7 ,8 3 2
7 2 6 ,8 3 6
538
21
W is c o n s in ...............................
1 4 8 ,2 2 7
2 ,3 7 4
2 ,7 1 7 ,6 6 0
-1 8 ,3 8 8
8 5 ,7 1 3 ,7 2 5
1 ,7 3 3 ,6 2 9
W y o m i n g .................................
607
2 1 ,2 8 8
17
429
2 3 7 ,2 7 8
6 ,4 4 6
6 ,6 5 4 ,0 9 2
4 5 9 ,5 9 6
539
23
P u e rto R i c o ............................
5 1 ,7 3 3
-6 3 3
1 ,0 0 7 ,9 1 9
-1 8 ,2 3 4
1 9 ,8 8 4 ,3 8 1
V irg in I s l a n d s ........................
5 7 8 ,1 7 3
379
3 ,2 3 6
17
-1 7
4 4 ,3 3 0
1,981
1 ,2 9 4 ,8 8 5
1 2 0 ,9 3 6
562
29
N O T E : D e ta il m a y not a d d to to tals d u e to rounding.
80
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
21. Annual data: Employment and average annual pay for all workers
covered under Ul and UCFE in the 249 largest U.S. counties
Average annual pay
Employment
County'
2001
Percent
change,
2000-2001 2
Ranked by
percent
change,
2000-20013
2001
Percent
change,
2000-20012
U n ite d S ta te s 4 ........................
1 2 9 ,6 3 5 ,8 0 0
-.1
-
3 6 ,2 1 9
2 .5
J e ffe rs o n , A L .........................
M a d is o n , A L ............................
M o b ile , Al...................................
M o n tg o m e ry , A L ...................
A n c h o ra g e , A K .....................
M a ric o p a , A Z .........................
P im a , A Z ...................................
P u las ki, A R .............................
A la m e d a , C A .........................
C o n tra C o s ta , C A ................
3 8 0 ,6 8 0
1 5 6 ,1 6 9
1 6 7 ,0 0 0
1 2 9 ,8 7 8
1 3 3 ,8 4 2
1 ,5 6 1 ,7 7 3
3 2 6 ,9 1 7
2 4 0 ,7 5 4
6 9 7 ,1 8 1
3 3 7 ,4 4 4
-1 .0
1 .3
-1 .5
-.9
3.1
1.2
-.6
-.7
-.1
.7
197
54
212
192
16
61
1 70
175
135
80
3 5 ,4 5 3
3 7 ,0 8 9
2 9 ,5 0 2
2 9 ,9 7 9
3 7 ,9 9 8
3 5 ,6 8 9
3 0 ,6 9 0
3 2 ,2 6 1
4 6 ,4 8 9
4 4 ,7 4 4
4 .2
3 .5
3.1
3 .8
3 .7
1.6
5.1
4 .7
3.1
5 .7
F re s n o , C A .............................
K e rn , C A ...................................
Los A n g e le s , C A ...................
M a rin , C A .................................
M o n te re y , C A .........................
O ra n g e , C A .............................
P la c er, C A ...............................
R iv ers id e, C A .........................
S a c ra m e n to , C A ...................
S a n B e rn ard in o , C A ............
3 2 2 ,0 8 4
2 4 2 ,2 3 2
4 ,1 0 3 ,3 7 0
1 1 1 ,9 3 9
1 6 6 ,1 8 6
1 ,4 1 1 ,9 4 4
1 1 6 ,1 8 5
4 9 1 ,5 3 5
5 8 8 ,4 2 6
5 4 5 ,1 1 3
-.1
1 .5
.6
1 .3
.8
1.6
6.1
4 .2
3 .0
2 .8
136
49
87
55
75
46
1
8
18
21
2 7 ,8 7 8
3 0 ,1 0 6
4 0 ,8 9 1
4 3 ,5 4 7
3 1 ,7 3 5
4 0 ,2 5 2
3 4 ,7 7 3
2 9 ,9 7 1
3 9 ,1 7 3
3 0 ,9 9 5
6 .5
5 .3
3.1
2 .2
5 .9
2 .6
4.1
2 .8
3 .8
3 .6
S a n D ie g o , C A .......................
S a n F ra n cis co , C A ...............
S a n J o a q u in , C A ...................
S a n M a te o , C A .....................
S a n ta B a rb a ra , C A .............
S a n ta C la ra , C A ....................
S a n ta C ru z , C A .....................
S o la n o , C A .............................
S o n o m a , C A ...........................
S ta n is la u s , C A .......................
1 ,2 1 8 ,9 8 2
5 8 6 ,0 8 5
2 0 4 ,5 0 4
3 6 9 ,8 6 8
1 7 7 ,2 3 4
1 ,0 0 2 ,6 3 7
1 0 2 ,6 6 9
1 2 1 ,4 0 2
1 9 4 ,9 2 2
1 6 4 ,4 7 3
2 .0
-3 .3
1.9
.1
.8
-2 .3
.9
3 .0
2.1
2 .2
37
246
39
1 20
76
233
64
19
32
30
3 8 ,4 1 8
6 1 ,0 6 8
3 0 ,8 1 8
6 2 ,2 8 8
3 3 ,6 2 6
6 5 ,9 3 1
3 5 ,0 2 2
3 3 ,4 9 6
3 6 ,1 4 5
2 9 ,5 9 1
2 .3
6.1
5 .3
-7 .2
3 .2
-1 3 .5
-2 .2
5 .7
1.1
4 .9
T u la re , C A ..............................
V e n tu ra , C A ............................
A d a m s , C O .............................
A ra p a h o e , C O ........................
B o u ld e r, C O ............................
D e n v e r, C O .............................
El P a s o , C O ............................
J e ffe rs o n , C O ........................
L a rim e r, C O ............................
F a irfie ld , C T ............................
1 3 2 ,8 7 8
2 9 3 ,2 0 8
1 4 6 ,0 4 3
2 8 5 ,9 6 3
1 8 4 ,7 5 5
4 6 1 ,9 9 6
2 4 0 ,1 0 0
2 1 0 ,3 7 5
1 2 1 ,8 8 0
4 2 1 ,2 1 1
.0
1 .5
.6
-.2
3 .2
-.6
.9
.1
2 .3
-1 .0
1 30
50
88
144
13
171
65
121
29
198
2 4 ,7 3 2
3 7 ,7 8 3
3 4 ,7 5 3
4 4 ,9 9 9
4 4 ,3 1 0
4 6 ,1 3 4
3 4 ,3 9 1
3 7 ,8 1 9
3 3 ,2 4 8
6 3 ,1 6 3
4 .2
1.9
4 .0
-2 .7
-2 .8
4 .0
4.1
4 .5
2 .6
3 .3
H a rtfo rd , C T ............................
N e w H a v e n , C T ....................
N e w Lond o n , C T ...................
N e w C a s tle , D E ....................
W a s h in g to n , D C ...................
A la c h u a , F L ............................
B re v a rd , F L .............................
B ro w a rd , F L ............................
C o llier, F L ................................
D u v a l, F L .................................
4 9 7 ,2 8 0
3 6 3 ,2 6 5
1 2 4 ,6 8 4
2 8 2 ,3 1 8
6 3 5 ,7 3 4
1 1 9 ,1 4 8
1 8 4 ,7 2 5
6 6 3 ,9 5 4
1 1 0 ,2 3 0
4 3 6 ,6 6 3
-.5
-1 .1
1.6
.2
-.2
.7
1.7
2.1
5 .9
1 .8
163
201
47
112
145
81
43
33
2
41
4 5 ,0 5 0
3 9 ,4 8 3
3 8 ,5 0 5
4 2 ,8 4 9
5 5 ,9 0 9
2 6 ,9 1 7
3 2 ,7 9 8
3 3 ,9 6 6
3 0 ,8 3 9
3 3 ,7 2 1
3 .2
2 .9
4 .8
5 .8
5 .6
2 .9
2 .2
2 .2
2 .9
2 .9
E sc a m b ia , F L .........................
H illsb o ro u g h , F L ...................
L e e , F L .....................................
L e o n , F L ...................................
M a n a te e , F L ...........................
M ia m i-D a d e , F L ....................
O ra n g e , F L .............................
P alm B e a c h , F L ....................
P in ellas , F L .............................
P olk, F L ....................................
1 2 1 ,2 8 5
5 9 5 ,7 6 8
1 7 1 ,9 0 2
1 42 ,9 8 1
1 1 8 ,7 8 8
9 9 3 ,8 3 4
6 0 2 ,6 6 8
4 9 9 ,6 8 8
4 4 8 ,7 8 8
1 8 4 ,4 7 1
.8
1.8
4 .5
.9
5 .2
1.6
.2
3 .9
3 .3
.1
77
42
5
66
4
48
113
9
12
122
2 8 ,6 1 0
3 2 ,8 7 4
2 9 ,4 3 2
3 0 ,2 8 7
2 6 ,6 2 9
3 4 ,5 2 4
3 2 ,2 1 8
3 5 ,9 5 7
3 1 ,7 4 2
2 8 ,8 9 0
7.1
3 .7
4 .6
3 .5
4 .4
3 .6
3 .5
2.1
1.5
3 .6
S a ra s o ta , F L ...........................
S e m in o le , FL .........................
V o lu s ia , F L ...............................
C h a th a m , G A .........................
C la y to n , G A ............................
C o b b , G A .................................
D e k a lb , G A .............................
F u lto n , G A ..............................
G w in n e tt, G A .........................
R ic h m o n d , G A .......................
1 4 7 ,2 0 6
1 4 5 ,1 4 7
1 4 2 ,4 7 8
1 2 2 ,6 0 8
1 1 4 ,9 8 2
3 0 1 ,5 2 0
3 0 5 ,9 0 3
7 5 4 ,8 7 0
2 8 9 ,5 3 8
1 0 4 ,6 9 4
4 .5
2 .2
-.2
-.2
-.3
6
31
1 46
147
151
137
176
123
20
193
2 9 ,0 3 0
3 1 ,9 5 1
2 6 ,0 6 4
3 0 ,5 4 9
3 8 ,3 0 1
4 0 ,1 7 4
3 9 ,6 4 8
4 7 ,7 6 1
3 9 ,4 0 5
2 9 ,4 3 1
1.9
3 .6
3 .9
3 .0
4 .2
3 .6
2 .7
1 .5
.9
2 .9
-.1
-.7
.1
2 .9
-.9
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le.
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
81
Current Labor Statistics:
Labor Force Data
21. Continued—Annual data: Employment and average annual pay for
all workers covered under Ul and UCFE in the 249 largest U.S.
counties
Employment
County1
2001
82
Monthly Labor Review
Percent
change,
2000-2001 2
Ranked by
percent
change,
2000-20013
2001
Percent
change,
2000-20012
H o n o lu lu , H I ............................
A d a , I D .......................................
C o o k , IL ....................................
Du P a g e , I L .............................
K a n e , Ì L ....................................
L a k e ,IL .....................................
P e o ria , I L .................................
S a n g a m o n , I L ........................
W ill, I L ........................................
W in n e b a g o , IL .......................
4 0 9 ,6 6 9
1 8 2 ,3 0 9
2 ,6 3 0 ,7 6 8
5 8 0 ,9 3 8
1 9 4 ,3 7 4
3 1 6 ,1 5 0
1 0 2 ,7 6 4
1 4 5 ,1 9 5
1 4 5 ,5 7 0
1 3 9 ,8 1 5
.4
2 .7
-1 .5
-.2
-.1
-.3
- 1 .8
.2
.1
-2 .9
99
23
213
148
138
152
223
114
124
241
3 2 ,5 3 1
3 3 ,0 8 1
4 4 ,1 0 8
4 3 ,4 7 0
3 3 ,3 6 2
4 3 ,9 7 0
3 3 ,2 8 8
3 6 ,2 5 9
3 4 ,2 8 0
3 1 ,9 5 1
2.1
-4 .0
2 .8
2.1
3 .7
3 .2
6.1
4 .3
6.1
1.4
A llen , I N ....................................
E lkhart, I N ................................
L a k e , I N ....................................
M a rio n , IN ................................
S t. J o s e p h , I N ........................
V a n d e rb u rg h , IN ...................
Linn, IA .....................................
P olk, IA .....................................
Jo h n so n , K S ...........................
S e d g w ic k , K S ........................
1 8 3 ,3 2 9
1 1 3 ,5 2 4
1 9 4 ,6 2 4
5 9 1 ,4 0 6
1 2 4 ,9 6 7
1 0 9 ,4 1 8
1 1 9 ,9 1 4
2 6 3 ,4 6 9
2 9 2 ,9 8 4
2 4 9 ,8 6 3
- 2 .3
-6 .8
-1 .9
-1 .3
-3.1
.1
-1 .7
-.2
2 .4
.1
234
249
226
210
244
125
219
149
27
1 26
3 2 ,8 3 0
3 0 ,7 9 7
3 2 ,0 1 7
3 7 ,8 8 5
3 0 ,7 6 9
3 0 ,4 9 4
3 4 ,6 4 9
3 4 ,9 4 4
3 7 ,2 0 4
3 3 ,9 3 7
1 .7
1 .5
1.4
3 .8
3 .7
3.1
1.6
3 .8
-.1
3 .8
S h a w n e e , K S .........................
F a y e tte , K Y .............................
J effers o n , K Y .........................
C a d d o , L A ................................
E a s t B a to n R o u g e , L A .......
J e ffe rs o n , LA .........................
L a fa y e tte , LA .........................
O rle a n s , L A .............................
C u m b e rla n d , M E ...................
A n n e A ru n d e l, M D ...............
1 0 0 ,4 6 2
1 6 7 ,7 1 4
4 3 1 ,3 4 7
1 2 0 ,8 7 7
2 4 3 ,3 9 2
2 1 3 ,9 1 1
1 1 9 ,2 9 4
2 6 3 ,4 2 7
1 6 8 ,1 4 7
2 0 0 ,1 7 4
.3
-2 .4
- 1 .7
1 .3
-1.1
-.4
4 .5
.1
1 .3
2 .8
105
237
220
56
202
1 60
7
127
57
22
3 0 ,5 1 3
3 2 ,2 3 7
3 4 ,6 8 8
2 9 ,3 5 4
3 0 ,3 9 7
2 9 ,3 2 6
3 2 ,3 6 4
3 2 ,8 8 0
3 2 ,3 2 7
3 7 ,1 9 0
3 .9
5 .0
4.1
2 .0
3 .9
4 .6
8 .2
3 .7
5.1
4 .9
B a ltim o re, M D ........................
H o w a rd , M D ............................
M o n tg o m e ry , M D .................
P rin c e G e o rg e s , M D ...........
B a ltim o re C ity, M D ...............
Bristol, M A ...............................
E s s e x, M A ...............................
H a m p d e n , M A ........................
M id d le s e x , M A .......................
N orfolk, M A .............................
3 6 0 ,1 2 8
1 3 2 ,9 3 5
4 4 9 ,8 8 1
3 0 4 ,0 2 2
3 8 1 ,1 5 5
2 1 8 ,8 1 8
3 0 6 ,1 1 1
2 0 4 ,8 2 4
8 5 0 ,2 9 5
3 2 7 ,0 6 7
.2
1 .3
.9
.5
.4
-1 .1
.2
.9
1 .4
.7
115
58
67
94
100
203
116
68
52
82
3 6 ,2 4 0
4 0 ,1 9 1
4 5 ,8 9 3
3 8 ,9 8 6
4 0 ,5 0 8
3 2 ,0 1 2
3 9 ,2 4 2
3 3 ,3 5 7
5 1 ,7 3 4
4 4 ,1 7 3
6 .2
6.1
5 .0
5 .2
5 .0
4.1
.5
3 .6
.0
2 .2
P ly m o u th , M A ........................
S u ffo lk , M A .............................
W o rc e s te r, M A .......................
G e n e s e e , M l ...........................
In g h a m , M l ..............................
K a la m a z o o , M l .......................
K e n t, M l ....................................
M a c o m b , M l ............................
O a k la n d , M l ............................
O tta w a , M l ...............................
1 6 6 ,4 7 1
6 0 2 ,9 8 3
3 2 1 ,0 4 4
1 6 0 ,4 4 2
1 7 4 ,2 9 0
1 1 6 ,7 2 8
3 3 9 ,5 1 0
3 2 6 ,6 0 0
7 5 5 ,4 5 1
1 1 5 ,8 8 0
.8
.1
.3
-3 .0
-.3
-1 .7
-1 .8
-3 .2
- 1 .4
-2 .5
78
128
1 06
242
153
221
224
245
211
239
3 4 ,9 2 9
5 8 ,9 0 6
3 7 ,2 9 9
3 5 ,9 9 5
3 5 ,7 5 3
3 3 ,9 0 8
3 4 ,5 7 0
4 0 ,4 8 1
4 5 ,0 3 8
3 2 ,2 4 6
3 .4
4 .0
-.9
-.9
2 .3
3 .8
1.7
-1 .0
1.2
.9
W a s h te n a w , M l .....................
W a y n e , M l ...............................
A n o k a , M N ..............................
D a k o ta , M N .............................
H e n n e p in , M N ........................
R a m s e y , M N ...........................
H in d s, M S ................................
G re e n e , M O ............................
J a c k s o n , M O ...........................
S t. Louis, M O .........................
1 9 5 ,5 6 2
8 4 8 ,4 6 3
1 0 9 ,5 2 1
1 5 5 ,6 6 2
8 6 3 ,6 7 4
3 3 3 ,3 8 0
1 3 4 ,2 8 5
1 4 0 ,7 3 9
3 8 4 ,9 4 2
6 4 1 ,1 5 1
.2
-2 .4
-.3
1.3
-.8
.0
-.9
-.9
-2 .3
-.8
117
238
154
59
186
131
194
195
235
187
4 0 ,2 4 9
4 2 ,9 6 8
3 4 ,5 8 5
3 5 ,6 8 3
4 5 ,4 9 5
4 0 ,4 0 0
3 1 ,1 3 8
2 8 ,0 6 5
3 7 ,4 0 5
3 8 ,9 2 9
.2
1.2
1.9
3 .8
3 .8
3 .4
1.8
4.1
3 .7
2.1
S t. Louis C ity , M O ................
D o u g la s, N E ...........................
L a n c a s te r, N E ........................
C la rk , N V .................................
W a s h o e , N V ...........................
H illsb o ro u g h , N H .................
R o c k in g h a m , N H .................
A tlantic, N J .............................
B e rg en , N J ...............................
B urlington, N J ........................
2 4 5 ,1 9 2
3 2 5 ,6 2 9
1 4 8 ,2 0 0
7 2 0 ,1 8 4
1 93 ,5 7 1
1 9 2 ,7 1 2
1 3 0 ,9 1 7
1 4 1 ,2 4 0
4 5 3 ,6 2 6
1 8 7 ,3 9 8
-2 .2
-.7
.9
3 .2
2 .4
.0
.7
.9
1 .5
3 .6
231
177
69
14
28
1 32
83
70
51
11
4 0 ,8 3 4
3 2 ,8 6 6
2 9 ,3 5 2
3 2 ,6 4 8
3 4 ,2 3 1
3 9 ,3 2 0
3 6 ,6 4 2
3 2 ,5 5 5
4 6 ,8 2 8
3 8 ,7 7 6
5 .8
1.6
2 .9
1.6
4 .5
.3
2 .3
4 .8
1.1
3.1
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Average annual pay
August 2003
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
21. Continued—Annual data: Employment and average annual pay for
all workers covered under Ul and UCFE in the 249 largest U.S.
counties
Average annual pay
Employment
County1
2001
Percent
change,
2000-2001 2
Ranked by
percent
change,
2000-20013
2001
Percent
change,
2000-20012
C a m d e n , N J ............................
E s s e x, N J ................................
H u d s o n , N J .............................
M e rc e r, N J ...............................
M id d le s e x , N J ........................
M o n m o u th , N J .......................
M orris, N J ................................
O c e a n , N J ................................
P a s s a ic , N J .............................
S o m e rs e t, N J ..........................
1 9 9 ,8 6 9
3 6 1 ,5 6 9
2 3 7 ,2 5 3
2 1 5 ,5 2 4
3 9 9 ,3 3 2
2 4 0 ,7 5 7
2 7 7 ,6 5 3
1 3 3 ,6 5 7
1 7 5 ,1 0 8
1 7 6 ,7 1 3
.5
-.5
.0
2 .6
1 .3
3 .2
.4
3 .7
-1 .1
1 .7
95
164
133
25
60
15
101
10
204
44
3 6 ,5 3 0
4 6 ,5 2 6
4 7 ,6 3 8
4 6 ,8 3 1
4 7 ,7 2 6
4 0 ,3 9 9
5 3 ,8 2 9
3 1 ,0 3 4
3 9 ,1 9 2
5 5 ,7 6 9
4 .0
4 .2
.4
4 .9
2 .7
1.8
-1 1 .0
1.9
3 .8
1.8
U n io n , N J .................................
B ernalillo, N M ........................
A lb a n y , N Y ...............................
B ronx, N Y ................................
D u tch e s s, N Y .........................
E rie , N Y ....................................
K ings, N Y .................................
M o n ro e , N Y ............................
N a s s a u , N Y ............................
N e w Y o rk, N Y ........................
2 3 6 ,6 0 9
3 0 9 ,1 6 6
2 2 9 ,9 5 7
2 1 4 ,2 2 7
1 1 2 ,9 1 2
4 5 4 ,8 3 9
4 3 9 ,3 4 3
3 9 3 ,7 8 3
5 9 3 ,3 6 8
2 ,3 4 2 ,3 3 8
-.1
.7
-.5
.4
2 .5
-1 .1
-.1
-.7
-.8
-1 .5
139
84
165
1 02
26
205
140
1 78
188
214
4 6 ,2 0 4
3 1 ,6 6 3
3 7 ,8 4 8
3 4 ,2 4 8
3 8 ,7 4 8
3 2 ,1 0 3
3 1 ,9 5 2
3 6 ,5 9 7
4 0 ,5 9 9
7 4 ,8 8 3
2 .0
4 .9
5 .7
4 .3
7 .4
1 .9
3 .9
3 .3
1 .4
3 .2
O n e id a , N Y .............................
O n o n d a g a , N Y .......................
O ra n g e , N Y .............................
Q u e e n s , N Y ............................
R o c k la n d , N Y .........................
S uffolk, N Y ...............................
W e s tc h e s te r, N Y ...................
B u n c o m b e , N C .....................
C u m b e rla n d , N C ...................
D u rh a m , N C ............................
1 0 8 ,6 8 6
2 4 9 ,7 5 4
1 2 0 ,9 0 3
4 7 8 ,6 6 1
1 0 7 ,3 4 8
5 8 1 ,9 3 8
4 0 4 ,9 7 4
1 0 5 ,3 7 8
1 0 6 ,3 8 1
1 6 9 ,6 0 9
-1 .8
-1 .1
.7
-.7
.4
.1
-.4
-.3
-2 .8
.3
225
206
85
179
103
129
161
155
240
107
2 8 ,3 8 1
3 3 ,4 6 9
3 0 ,2 1 8
3 6 ,9 6 3
3 8 ,7 2 0
3 8 ,7 0 6
4 8 ,7 1 6
2 8 ,7 0 1
2 6 ,9 8 1
4 8 ,0 7 6
4 .0
3 .0
2 .9
5 .7
3 .9
2 .2
3 .5
3 .8
3 .3
-2 .6
F orsyth, N C ............................
G u ilfo rd , N C ............................
M e c k le n b u rg , N C .................
W a k e , N C ................................
B utler, O H ................................
C u y a h o g a , O H .......................
F ra n klin , O H ...........................
H a m ilto n , O H .........................
Lo ra in , O H ...............................
L u c as , O H ................................
1 8 0 ,1 5 5
2 7 4 ,0 7 7
5 1 4 ,0 3 6
3 8 5 ,7 7 7
1 2 6 ,8 6 3
7 9 6 ,3 5 3
7 0 2 ,6 2 8
5 5 9 ,8 5 2
1 0 3 ,1 1 5
2 3 4 ,6 7 8
-.7
-2 .0
.3
.9
-.5
-1 .6
.2
-1 .1
-3 .5
-1 .7
1 80
229
108
71
166
217
118
207
247
222
3 4 ,6 9 3
3 3 ,2 1 7
4 1 ,7 7 5
3 6 ,9 9 6
3 2 ,3 2 5
3 7 ,5 3 3
3 6 ,0 9 0
3 8 ,3 3 9
3 2 ,1 9 4
3 3 ,0 8 8
2 .0
3.1
3.1
4 .6
2 .6
2 .8
3 .2
2 .0
.6
2 .6
M a h o n in g , O H .......................
M o n tg o m e ry , O H .................
S ta rk , O H .................................
S u m m it, O H ............................
O k la h o m a , O K .......................
T u ls a , O K .................................
C la c k a m a s , O R ....................
L a n e , O R .................................
M a rio n , O R .............................
M u ltn o m ah , O R ....................
1 0 8 ,7 6 9
2 9 8 ,9 8 2
1 7 3 ,8 8 8
2 6 1 ,0 9 8
4 1 5 ,5 0 7
3 4 2 ,5 0 2
1 3 3 ,9 9 7
1 3 7 ,5 7 4
1 2 6 ,9 9 9
4 4 4 ,3 9 3
-3 .7
-1 .5
-1 .6
-2.1
.4
.6
-.2
-1 .9
-.6
-1.1
248
215
218
230
104
89
150
227
172
208
2 6 ,8 6 0
3 4 ,7 8 3
2 9 ,1 9 7
3 3 ,4 1 6
3 0 ,1 6 1
3 2 ,7 7 1
3 3 ,6 9 9
2 8 ,9 8 3
2 8 ,7 8 5
3 7 ,6 6 8
3 .5
.7
2 .4
2.1
3 .2
5 .2
3 .7
4 .0
2 .4
2 .4
W a s h in g to n , O R ...................
A lle g h e n y , P A ........................
B e rks , P A .................................
B ucks, P A ................................
C h e s te r, P A ............................
C u m b e rla n d , P A ...................
D a u p h in , P A ...........................
D e la w a re , P A .........................
E rie, P A ....................................
L a n c a s te r, P A ........................
2 2 8 ,4 5 3
7 1 1 ,5 3 2
1 6 5 ,2 6 3
2 4 6 ,4 9 1
2 1 7 ,1 4 8
1 2 2 ,6 4 9
1 7 3 ,2 9 2
2 1 4 ,1 0 6
1 2 8 ,8 9 3
2 1 8 ,4 1 5
1 .4
.3
-.7
.6
.6
-.6
.3
1.0
-2 .3
-.3
53
109
181
90
91
173
110
63
236
156
4 2 ,2 2 2
3 8 ,0 8 6
3 2 ,8 0 7
3 5 ,2 3 9
4 4 ,2 1 6
3 3 ,9 9 6
3 4 ,8 5 5
3 8 ,4 9 4
2 9 ,2 9 3
3 1 ,4 9 3
-5 .0
3 .7
2 .5
3 .5
1.0
3 .6
3 .5
4 .5
3 .3
2 .2
L e h ig h , P A ...............................
L u z e rn e , P A ............................
M o n tg o m e ry , P A ...................
P h ila d e lp h ia , P A ...................
W e s tm o re la n d , P A ...............
Y o rk, P A ...................................
P ro v id e n c e , R l .......................
C h a rle s to n , S C .....................
G re e n v ille , S C .......................
R ic h la n d , S C ...........................
1 7 2 ,8 6 0
1 4 1 ,9 4 4
4 8 5 ,8 2 2
6 5 8 ,8 2 7
1 3 4 ,1 2 8
1 6 5 ,8 7 9
2 8 8 ,6 5 0
1 8 0 ,7 1 1
2 2 6 ,3 6 2
2 0 5 ,8 4 1
.2
-.8
.5
-.7
-.4
-1 .0
-.7
-1 .0
-3 .0
-.5
119
189
96
1 82
1 62
199
183
200
243
167
3 5 ,5 6 4
2 8 ,9 2 4
4 4 ,3 6 6
4 0 ,8 1 3
2 8 ,8 2 7
3 1 ,9 3 6
3 4 ,5 6 6
2 9 ,0 1 3
3 2 ,6 2 2
3 0 ,5 9 1
.8
3 .8
1 .3
2 .8
3 .0
3 .3
3 .5
4 .8
4 .3
3 .3
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le.
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
83
Current Labor Statistics:
Labor Force Data
21. Continued—Annual data: Employment and average annual pay for
all workers covered under Ul and UCFE in the 249 largest U.S.
counties
Employment
County'
2001
Percent
change,
2000-2001 2
-2 .2
1.1
-.1
-.3
.6
-.5
.9
2.1
5 .7
-.6
232
62
141
157
92
168
72
34
3
174
3 1 ,8 5 6
2 9 ,2 0 5
3 5 ,5 0 9
3 1 ,2 4 0
3 0 ,7 6 5
3 5 ,7 9 1
3 1 ,0 3 2
2 2 ,1 4 2
4 1 ,3 3 8
4 4 ,9 0 9
4.1
3 .5
1.9
2 .2
2 .2
4 .2
3 .7
2 .7
2 .0
1.2
D e n to n , T X .............................
El P a s o , T X .............................
H arris , T X ................................
H id a lg o , T X .............................
J e ffe rs o n , T X .........................
Lu b b o ck, T X ...........................
N u e c e s , T X .............................
T a rra n t, T X .............................
T ra v is , T X ................................
S a lt L a k e , U T .........................
1 2 2 ,5 5 2
2 4 8 ,4 0 7
1 ,8 6 4 ,1 0 0
1 6 8 ,6 1 0
1 1 8 ,7 6 4
1 1 8 ,0 4 2
1 4 3 ,4 7 0
7 0 9 ,1 6 2
5 3 4 ,8 6 1
5 3 0 ,4 9 7
.9
-1 .2
1 .7
3.1
-1 .9
2.1
.7
.5
-.7
-.1
73
209
45
17
228
35
86
97
184
142
3 0 ,7 8 8
2 5 ,8 4 7
4 3 ,7 5 1
2 2 ,3 1 3
3 2 ,5 7 0
2 6 ,5 7 7
2 9 ,4 0 6
3 7 ,2 8 7
4 1 ,6 9 8
3 3 ,2 1 0
5.1
3.1
4 .5
2 .8
4.1
1.1
4 .3
5 .2
.9
3 .2
U ta h , U T ...................................
A rlington, V A ...........................
C h e s te rfie ld , V A ....................
F a irfax , V A ...............................
H e n rico , V A ............................
N orfolk, V A .............................
R ic h m o n d , V A ........................
V irg in ia B e a c h , V A ...............
C la rk , W A ................................
K ing, W A ...................................
1 4 3 ,4 2 3
1 5 9 ,1 7 0
1 0 7 ,7 2 1
5 4 2 ,9 8 4
1 6 9 ,8 2 7
1 4 6 ,4 1 4
1 6 4 ,9 0 6
1 6 6 ,0 0 7
1 1 4 ,7 1 6
1 ,1 4 6 ,1 9 1
.5
.3
-.1
2 .7
2 .0
.8
-.7
.9
2.1
-.9
98
111
143
24
38
79
185
74
36
196
2 8 ,2 6 6
5 5 ,3 9 0
3 2 ,9 5 7
5 2 ,6 4 1
3 7 ,8 6 9
3 3 ,5 0 4
4 0 ,1 7 3
2 6 ,7 5 0
3 3 ,1 2 5
4 7 ,1 8 6
1 .3
4 .8
3 .4
2.1
4 .8
4.1
4 .0
5 .3
3 .0
-.6
P ie rc e, W A ...............................
S n o h o m is h , W A ....................
S p o k a n e , W A .........................
K a n a w h a , W V ........................
B row n, W l ................................
D a n e , W l ...................................
M ilw a u k e e , W l .......................
W a u k e s h a , W l .......................
2 3 8 ,6 0 0
2 0 9 ,6 5 7
1 9 0 ,0 5 7
1 1 1 ,5 5 2
1 4 1 ,9 5 0
2 7 9 ,2 0 8
5 2 2 ,0 2 2
2 2 4 ,7 2 1
-1 .5
-.3
.0
-.8
-.3
1.9
-.8
.6
216
158
134
190
1 59
40
191
93
3 1 ,2 6 1
3 6 ,3 8 8
2 9 ,3 1 0
3 1 ,6 0 1
3 2 ,6 3 1
3 4 ,0 9 7
3 5 ,7 3 6
3 7 ,0 9 2
4 .7
3 .6
- 1 .5
4 .8
3 .5
3 .9
2 .9
3 .7
S a n J u a n , P R ........................
3 2 4 ,7 9 1
-.5
169
2 2 ,1 7 9
4.1
3 R a n k in g s
for
p e rc e n t
change
in
e m p lo y m e n t a re b a s e d on th e 2 4 9 co u n tie s th a t
a re c o m p a ra b le o v e r th e y e a r.
Monthly Labor Review
Percent
change,
2000-20012
1 1 7 ,2 6 2
1 0 6 ,7 1 7
4 3 4 ,0 0 6
1 8 7 ,7 2 4
2 0 3 ,4 7 0
4 9 6 ,6 4 7
6 5 5 ,1 9 5
1 1 1 ,3 7 4
1 8 1 ,0 0 7
1 ,5 5 0 ,8 3 5
2 P e rc e n t c h a n g e s w e r e c o m p u te d from
a n n u a l e m p lo y m e n t a n d p a y d a ta a d ju s te d for
n o n e c o n o m ic co u n ty recla ss ifica tio n s .
S ee
N o te s o n C u rre n t L a b o r S tatistics.
84
2001
S p a rta n b u rg . S C ...................
M in n e h a h a , S D .....................
D a vid s o n , T N .........................
H a m ilto n , T N ...........................
K nox, T N ...................................
S h e lb y , T N ...............................
B e xa r, T X .................................
C a m e ro n , T X .........................
C ollin , T X .................................
D a lla s , T X ................................
1 In clu d e s a re a s not officially d e s ig n a te d a s
c o u n tie s.
See
N o te s
on C u rre n t L ab o r
S tatistics.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Average annual pay
Ranked by
percent
change,
2000-20013
August 2003
4
T o ta ls for th e U n ite d S ta te s d o not in clu d e
d a ta for P u erto R ico.
N o te : D a ta p e rta in to w o rk e rs c o v e re d by
U n e m p lo y m e n t
In s u ra n c e
(U l)
and
U n e m p lo y m e n t
C o m p e n s a tio n
fo r
F e d e ra l
E m p lo y e e s (U C F E ) p ro g ra m s. T h e 2 4 8 U .S .
c o u n tie s c o m p ris e 6 6 .2 p e rc e n t o f th e total
c o v e re d w o rk e rs in th e U n ite d S ta te s .
22.
Annual data: Employment status of the population
[Numbers in thousands]
1995
1996
2001
2002
C iv ilia n n o n in s titu tio n a l p o p u la tio n ..............
1 9 4 ,8 3 8
1 9 6 ,8 1 4
1 9 8 ,5 8 4
2 0 0 ,5 9 1
2 0 3 ,1 3 3
2 0 5 ,2 2 0
2 0 7 ,7 5 3
2 1 2 ,5 7 7
2 1 5 ,0 9 2
2 1 7 ,5 7 0
C iv ilia n la b o r fo r c e ..........................................
1 2 9 ,2 0 0
1 3 1 ,0 5 6
1 3 2 ,3 0 4
1 3 3 ,9 4 3
1 3 6 ,2 9 7
1 3 7 ,6 7 3
1 3 9 ,3 6 8
1 4 2 ,5 8 3
1 4 3 ,7 3 4
1 4 4 ,8 6 3
L a b o r fo rc e p a rtic ip a tio n r a te ..................
6 6 .3
6 6 .6
6 6 .6
6 6 .8
6 7 .1
67.1
6 7 .1
67.1
6 6 .8
6 6 .6
E m p lo y e d ......................................................
1 2 0 ,2 5 9
1 2 3 ,0 6 0
1 2 4 ,9 0 0
1 2 6 ,7 0 8
1 2 9 ,5 5 8
1 3 1 ,4 6 3
1 3 3 ,4 8 8
1 3 6 ,8 9 1
1 3 6 ,9 3 3
1 3 6 ,4 8 5
Employment status
1993
19941
19971
19981
19991
20001
E m p lo y m e n t-p o p u la tio n ra tio ...........
6 1 .7
6 2 .5
6 2 .9
6 3 .2
6 3 .8
64.1
6 4 .3
6 4 .4
6 3 .7
6 2 .7
U n e m p lo y e d ...............................................
8 ,9 4 0
7 ,9 9 6
7 ,4 0 4
7 ,2 3 6
6 ,7 3 9
6 ,2 1 0
5 ,8 8 0
5 ,6 9 2
6 ,8 0 1
8 ,3 7 8
U n e m p lo y m e n t ra te ..............................
6 .9
6.1
5 .6
5 .4
4 .9
4 .5
4 .2
4 .0
4 .7
5 .8
N o t in th e la b o r fo r c e ......................................
6 5 ,6 3 8
6 5 ,7 5 8
6 6 ,2 8 0
6 6 ,6 4 7
6 6 ,8 3 6
6 7 ,5 4 7
6 8 ,3 8 5
6 9 ,9 9 4
7 1 ,3 5 9
7 2 ,7 0 7
1 N o t s trictly c o m p a r a b le w ith prior y e a rs .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
85
Current Labor Statistics:
23.
Labor Force Data
Annual data: Employment levels by industry
[In thousands]
Industry
1993
1994
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
9 1 ,8 5 5
9 5 ,0 1 6
9 7 ,8 6 6
1 0 0 ,1 6 9
1 0 3 ,1 1 3
1 0 6 ,0 2 1
1 0 8 ,6 8 6
1 1 0 ,9 9 6
1 1 0 ,7 0 7
1 0 8 ,8 8 6
T o ta l n o n fa rm e m p lo y m e n t.................................
1 1 0 ,8 4 4
1 1 4 ,2 9 1
1 1 7 ,2 9 8
1 1 9 ,7 0 8
1 2 2 ,7 7 0
1 2 5 ,9 3 0
1 2 8 ,9 9 3
1 3 1 ,7 8 5
1 3 1 ,8 2 6
1 3 0 ,3 7 6
G o o d s -p ro d u c in g ..................................................
2 2 ,2 1 9
2 2 ,7 7 4
2 3 ,1 5 6
2 3 ,4 1 0
2 3 ,8 8 6
2 4 ,3 5 4
2 4 ,4 6 5
2 4 ,6 4 9
2 3 ,8 7 3
2 2 ,6 1 9
N a tu ra l re s o u rc e s a n d m in in g ....................
666
659
641
637
654
645
598
599
606
581
C o n s tru c tio n .........................................................
4 ,7 7 9
5 ,0 9 5
5 ,2 7 4
5 ,5 3 6
5 ,8 1 3
6 ,1 4 9
6 ,5 4 5
6 ,7 8 7
6 ,8 2 6
6 ,7 3 2
M a n u fa c tu rin g ....................................................
1 6 ,7 4 4
1 7,0 21
1 7,2 41
1 7 ,2 3 7
1 7 ,4 1 9
1 7 ,5 6 0
1 7 ,3 2 2
1 7 ,2 6 3
1 6 ,4 4 1
1 5 ,3 0 6
T o ta l p riv a te e m p lo y m e n t......................................
1995
P riv a te s e rv ic e -p ro v id in g ..................................
6 9 ,6 3 6
7 2 ,2 4 2
7 4 ,7 1 0
7 6 ,7 5 9
7 9 ,2 2 7
8 1 ,6 6 7
8 4 ,2 2 1
8 6 ,3 4 6
8 6 ,8 3 4
8 6 ,2 6 7
T r a d e , tra n s p o rta tio n , a n d utilities ............
2 2 ,3 7 8
2 3 ,1 2 8
2 3 ,8 3 4
2 4 ,2 3 9
2 4 ,7 0 0
2 5 ,1 8 6
2 5 ,7 7 1
2 6 ,2 2 5
2 5 ,9 8 3
2 5 ,4 9 3
W h o le s a le tr a d e ..............................................
5 ,0 9 3 .2
5 ,2 4 7 .3
5 ,4 3 3 .1
5 ,5 2 2 .0
5 ,6 6 3 .9
5 ,7 9 5 .2
5 ,8 9 2 .5
5 ,9 3 3 .2
5 ,7 7 2 .7
5 ,6 4 1 .0
R e ta il tr a d e ......................................................
1 3 ,0 2 0 .5
1 3 ,4 9 0 .8
1 3 ,8 9 6 .7
1 4 ,1 4 2 .5
1 4 ,3 8 8 .9
1 4 ,6 0 9 .3
1 4 ,9 7 0 .1
1 5 ,2 7 9 .8
1 5 ,2 3 8 .6
1 5 ,0 4 7 .2
T ra n s p o rta tio n a n d w a re h o u s in g ..........
3 ,5 5 3 .8
3 ,7 0 1 .0
3 ,8 3 7 .8
3 ,9 3 5 .3
4 ,0 2 6 .5
4 ,1 6 8 .0
4 ,3 0 0 .3
4 ,4 1 0 .3
4 ,3 7 2 .0
4 ,2 0 5 .3
U tilitie s ................................................................
7 1 0 .7
6 8 9 .3
6 6 6 .2
6 3 9 .6
6 2 0 .9
6 1 3 .4
6 0 8 .5
6 0 1 .3
5 9 9 .4
5 9 9 .8
In fo rm a tio n ..........................................................
2 ,6 6 8
2 ,7 3 8
2 ,8 4 3
2 ,9 4 0
3 ,0 8 4
3 ,2 1 8
3 ,4 1 9
3 ,6 3 1
3 ,6 2 9
3 ,4 2 0
6 ,7 0 9
6 ,8 6 7
6 ,8 2 7
6 ,9 6 9
7 ,1 7 8
7 ,4 6 2
7 ,6 4 8
7 ,6 8 7
7 ,8 0 7
7 ,8 4 3
P ro fe s s io n a l a n d b u s in es s s e rv ic e s .......
1 1 ,4 9 5
1 2 ,1 7 4
1 2 ,8 4 4
1 3 ,4 6 2
1 4 ,3 3 5
1 5 ,1 4 7
1 5 ,9 5 7
1 6 ,6 6 6
1 6 ,4 7 6
1 6 ,0 1 0
E d u c a tio n a n d h e a lth s e rv ic e s ..................
1 2 ,3 0 3
1 2 ,8 0 7
1 3 ,2 8 9
1 3 ,6 8 3
1 4 ,0 8 7
1 4 ,4 4 6
1 4 ,7 9 8
1 5 ,1 0 9
1 5 ,6 4 5
1 6 ,1 8 4
L e is u re a n d h o s p ita lity ..................................
9 ,7 3 2
1 0 ,1 0 0
1 0,5 01
1 0 ,7 7 7
1 1 ,0 1 8
1 1 ,2 3 2
1 1 ,5 4 3
1 1 ,8 6 2
1 2 ,0 3 6
1 1 ,9 6 9
O th e r s e rv ic e s ...................................................
4 ,3 5 0
4 ,4 2 8
4 ,5 7 2
4 ,6 9 0
4 ,8 2 5
4 ,9 7 6
5 ,0 8 7
5 ,1 6 8
5 ,2 5 8
5 ,3 4 8
G o v e r n m e n t................................................................
1 8 ,9 8 9
1 9 ,2 7 5
1 9 ,4 3 2
1 9 ,5 3 9
1 9 ,6 6 4
1 9 ,9 0 9
2 0 ,3 0 7
2 0 ,7 9 0
2 1 ,1 1 8
2 1 ,4 8 9
N o t e : D a ta re fle c t th e c o n ve rs io n to th e 2 0 0 2 v ers io n of th e N o rth A m e ric a n In d u stry C la ss ifica tio n S y s te m ( n a ic s ), re p la c in g th e S ta n d a rd In d u s tr ia l C la ss ifica tio n (SIC)
s y s te m . N A iC S -b as ed d a ta by industry a r e not c o m p a ra b le w ith S IC -b a se d d a ta . S e e "N o te s o n th e d a ta " fo r a d e sc rip tio n o f th e m o s t re c e n t b e n c h m a rk revisio n .
Monthly Labor Review
86
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
24. Annual data: Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm
payrolls, by industry
Industry
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Private sector:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ............................................................
3 4 .3
3 4 .5
3 4 .3
3 4 .3
3 4 .5
3 4 .5
3 4 .3
3 4 .3
3 4 .0
3 3 .9
A v e r a g e ho u rly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )................................
1 1 .0 3
1 1 .3 2
1 1 .6 4
1 2 .0 3
1 2 .4 9
1 3 .0 0
1 3 .4 7
1 4 .0 0
1 4 .5 3
1 4 .9 5
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )..............................
3 7 8 .4 0
3 9 0 .7 3
3 9 9 .5 3
4 1 2 .7 4
4 3 1 .2 5
4 4 8 .0 4
4 6 2 .4 9
4 8 0 .4 1
4 9 3 .2 0
5 0 6 .2 2
Goods-producing:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ..........................................................
4 0 .6
41.1
4 0 .8
4 0 .8
4 1.1
4 0 .8
4 0 .8
4 0 .7
3 9 .9
3 9 .9
A v e r a g e h o u rly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs ).............................
1 2 .2 8
1 2 .6 3
1 2 .9 6
1 3 .3 8
1 3 .8 2
1 4 .2 3
1 4.7 1
1 5 .2 7
1 5 .7 8
1 6 .3 3
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )...........................
4 9 8 .8 2
5 1 9 .5 8
5 2 8 .6 2
5 4 6 .4 8
5 6 8 .4 3
5 8 0 .9 9
5 9 9 .9 9
6 2 1 .8 6
6 3 0 .0 4
6 5 1 .6 0
Natural resources and mining
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ........................................................
4 4 .9
4 5 .3
4 5 .3
4 6 .0
4 6 .2
4 4 .9
4 4 .2
4 4 .4
4 4 .6
4 3 .2
A v e r a g e h o u rly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )...........................
1 4 .1 2
14.41
1 4 .7 8
1 5 .1 0
1 5 .5 7
1 6 .2 0
1 6 .3 3
1 6 .5 5
1 7 .0 0
1 7 .2 2
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )..........................
6 3 4 .7 7
6 5 3 .1 4
6 7 0 .3 2
6 9 5 .0 7
7 2 0 .1 1
7 2 7 .2 8
7 2 1 .7 4
7 3 4 .9 2
7 5 7 .9 2
7 4 3 .1 1
Construction:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ........................................................
3 8 .4
3 8 .8
3 8 .8
3 8 .9
3 8 .9
3 8 .8
3 9 .0
3 9 .2
3 8 .7
3 8 .4
A v e r a g e h o u rly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )...........................
1 4 .0 4
1 4 .3 8
1 4 .7 3
1 5.11
1 5 .6 7
1 6 .2 3
1 6 .8 0
1 7 .4 8
1 8 .0 0
1 8.5 1
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )..........................
5 3 9 .8 1
5 5 8 .5 3
5 7 1 .5 7
5 8 8 .4 8
6 0 9 .4 8
6 2 9 .7 5
6 5 5 .1 1
6 8 5 .7 8
6 9 5 .8 9
7 1 1 .6 1
Manufacturing:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ........................................................
41.1
4 1 .7
4 1 .3
4 1 .3
4 1 .7
4 1 .4
4 1 .4
4 1 .3
4 0 .3
4 0 .5
A v e r a g e h ourly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )............................
1 1 .7 0
1 2 .0 4
1 2 .3 4
1 2 .7 5
1 3 .1 4
1 3 .4 5
1 3 .8 5
1 4 .3 2
1 4 .7 6
1 5 .2 9
4 8 0 .8 0
5 0 2 .1 2
5 0 9 .2 6
5 2 6 .5 5
5 4 8 .2 2
5 5 7 .1 2
5 7 3 .1 7
5 9 0 .6 5
5 9 5 .1 9
6 1 8 .8 7
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs ).........................
Private service-providing:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs .........................................................
3 2 .5
3 2 .7
3 2 .6
3 2 .6
3 2 .8
3 2 .8
3 2 .7
3 2 .7
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
A v e r a g e ho urly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )............................
1 0 .6 0
1 0 .8 7
1 1 .1 9
1 1 .5 7
1 2 .0 5
1 2 .5 9
1 3 .0 7
1 3 .6 0
1 4 .1 6
1 4 .5 6
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )...........................
3 4 5 .0 3
3 5 4 .9 7
3 6 4 .1 4
3 7 6 .7 2
3 9 4 .7 7
4 1 2 .7 8
4 2 7 .3 0
4 4 5 .0 0
4 6 0 .3 2
4 7 3 .1 0
Trade, transportation, and utilities:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ..........................................................
34.1
3 4 .3
34.1
34.1
3 4 .3
3 4 .2
3 3 .9
3 3 .8
3 3 .5
3 3 .6
A v e r a g e h o u rly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )............................
1 0 .5 5
1 0 .8 0
1 1 .1 0
1 1 .4 6
1 1 .9 0
1 2 .3 9
1 2 .8 2
13.3 1
1 3 .7 0
1 4 .0 2
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )...........................
3 5 9 .3 3
3 7 0 .3 8
3 7 8 .7 9
3 9 0 .6 4
4 0 7 .5 7
4 2 3 .3 0
4 3 4 .3 1
4 4 9 .8 8
4 5 9 .5 3
4 7 1 .0 9
Wholesale trade:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ....................................................
3 8 .5
3 8 .8
3 8 .6
3 8 .6
3 8 .8
3 8 .6
3 8 .6
3 8 .8
3 8 .4
3 8 .0
A v e r a g e hourly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs ).......................
1 2 .5 7
1 2 .9 3
1 3 .3 4
1 3 .8 0
14.4 1
1 5 .0 7
1 5 .6 2
1 6 .2 8
1 6 .7 7
1 6 .9 7
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )......................
4 8 4 .4 6
5 0 1 .1 7
5 1 5 .1 4
5 3 3 .2 9
5 5 9 .3 9
5 8 2 .2 1
6 0 2 .7 7
6 3 1 .4 0
6 4 3 .4 5
6 4 3 .9 9
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ....................................................
3 0 .7
3 0 .9
3 0 .8
3 0 .7
3 0 .9
3 0 .9
3 0 .8
3 0 .7
3 0 .7
3 0 .9
A v e r a g e ho u rly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs ).......................
8 .3 6
8.61
8 .8 5
9.21
9 .5 9
1 0 .0 5
1 0 .4 5
1 0 .8 6
1 1 .2 9
1 1 .6 7
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )......................
4 8 4 .4 6
5 0 1 .1 7
5 1 5 .1 4
5 3 3 .2 9
5 5 9 .3 9
5 8 2 .2 1
6 0 2 .7 7
6 3 1 .4 0
6 4 3 .4 5
6 4 3 .9 9
Retail trade:
Transportation and warehousing:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ....................................................
3 8 .9
3 9 .5
3 8 .9
3 9.1
3 9 .4
3 8 .7
3 7 .6
3 7 .4
3 6 .7
3 6 .8
A v e r a g e ho u rly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs ).......................
1 2.71
1 2 .8 4
1 3 .1 8
1 3 .4 5
1 3 .7 8
1 4 .1 2
1 4 .5 5
1 5 .0 5
1 5 .3 3
1 5 .7 7
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )......................
4 9 4 .3 6
5 0 7 .2 7
5 1 3 .3 7
5 2 5 .6 0
5 4 2 .5 5
5 4 6 .8 6
5 4 7 .9 7
5 6 2 .3 1
5 6 2 .7 0
5 8 0 .6 8
Utilities:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ....................................................
42.1
4 2 .3
4 2 .3
4 2 .0
4 2 .0
4 2 .0
4 2 .0
4 2 .0
4 1 .4
4 0 .9
A v e r a g e ho u rly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs ).......................
1 7 .9 5
1 8 .6 6
1 9 .1 9
1 9 .7 8
2 0 .5 9
2 1 .4 8
2 2 .0 3
2 2 .7 5
2 3 .5 8
2 3 .9 4
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )......................
7 5 6 .3 5
7 8 9 .9 8
8 1 1 .5 2
8 3 0 .7 4
8 6 5 .2 6
9 0 2 .9 4
9 2 4 .5 9
9 5 5 .6 6
9 7 7 .1 8
9 7 8 .4 4
Information:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ....................................................
3 6 .0
3 6 .0
3 6 .0
3 6 .4
3 6 .3
3 6 .6
3 6 .7
3 6 .8
3 6 .9
3 6 .5
A v e r a g e hourly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )........................
1 4 .8 6
1 5 .3 2
1 5 .6 8
1 6 .3 0
1 7 .1 4
1 7 .6 7
1 8 .4 0
1 9 .0 7
1 9 .8 0
2 0 .2 3
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )......................
5 3 5 .2 5
5 5 1 .2 8
5 6 4 .9 8
5 9 2 .6 8
6 2 2 .4 0
6 4 6 .5 2
6 7 5 .3 2
7 0 0 .8 9
7 3 1 .1 1
7 3 9 .4 1
Financial activities:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ....................................................
3 5 .5
3 5 .5
3 5 .5
3 5 .5
3 5 .7
3 6 .0
3 5 .8
3 5 .9
3 5 .8
3 5 .6
A v e r a g e hourly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs ).......................
1 1 .3 6
1 1 .8 2
1 2 .2 8
1 2.71
1 3 .2 2
1 3 .9 3
1 4 .4 7
1 4 .9 8
1 5 .5 9
1 6 .1 7
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )......................
4 0 3 .0 2
4 1 9 .2 0
4 3 6 .1 2
4 5 1 .4 9
4 7 2 .3 7
5 0 0 .9 5
5 1 7 .5 7
5 3 7 .3 7
5 5 8 .0 2
5 7 5 .4 3
Professional and business services:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ....................................................
3 4 .0
34.1
3 4 .0
3 4.1
3 4 .3
3 4 .3
3 4 .4
3 4 .5
3 4 .2
3 4 .2
A v e r a g e hourly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs ).......................
1 1 .9 6
1 2 .1 5
1 2 .5 3
1 3 .0 0
1 3 .5 7
1 4 .2 7
1 4 .8 5
1 5 .5 2
1 6 .3 3
1 6.8 1
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )......................
4 0 6 .2 0
4 1 4 .1 6
4 2 6 .4 4
4 4 2 .8 1
4 6 5 .5 1
4 9 0 .0 0
5 1 0 .9 9
5 3 5 .0 7
5 5 7 .8 4
5 7 4 .5 9
Education and health services:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ....................................................
A v e r a g e hourly e a rn in g s (In d o lla rs ).........................
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )......................
3 2 .0
3 2 .0
3 2 .0
3 1 .9
3 2 .2
3 2 .2
3 2.1
3 2 .2
3 2 .3
3 2 .4
1 1.21
1 1 .5 0
1 1 .8 0
1 2 .1 7
1 2 .5 6
1 3 .0 0
1 3 .4 4
1 3 .9 5
1 4 .6 4
1 5 .2 2
3 5 9 .0 8
3 6 8 .1 4
3 7 7 .7 3
3 8 8 .2 7
4 0 4 .6 5
4 1 8 .8 2
4 3 1 .3 5
4 4 9 .2 9
4 7 3 .3 9
4 9 3 .0 2
Leisure and hospitality:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ....................................................
2 5 .9
2 6 .0
2 5 .9
2 5 .9
2 6 .0
2 6 .2
2 6.1
2 6.1
2 5 .8
2 5 .8
A v e r a g e hourly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs ).......................
6 .3 2
6 .4 6
6 .6 2
6 .8 2
7 .1 3
7 .4 8
7 .7 6
8.11
8 .3 5
8 .5 7
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )......................
1 6 3 .4 5
1 6 8 .0 0
1 7 1 .4 3
1 7 6 .4 8
1 85 .81
1 9 5 .8 2
2 0 2 .8 7
2 1 1 .7 9
2 1 5 .1 9
2 2 1 .1 5
Other services:
A v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs ....................................................
3 2 .6
3 2 .7
3 2 .6
3 2 .5
3 2 .7
3 2 .6
3 2 .5
3 2 .5
3 2 .3
3 2 .0
A v e r a g e hourly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs ).......................
9 .9 0
1 0 .1 8
10.51
1 0 .8 5
1 1 .2 9
1 1 .7 9
1 2 .2 6
1 2 .7 3
1 3 .2 7
1 3 .7 2
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s (in d o lla rs )......................
3 2 2 .6 9
3 3 2 .4 4
3 4 2 .3 6
3 5 2 .6 2
3 6 8 .6 3
3 8 4 .2 5
3 9 8 .7 7
4 1 3 .4 1
4 2 8 .6 4
4 3 9 .6 5
N o t e : D a ta re fle c t th e c o n ve rs io n to th e 2 0 0 2 v ers io n o f th e N orth A m e ric a n Industry C la ss ifica tio n S y s te m ( n a ic s ), re p la c in g th e S ta n d a rd Industrial C la s s ific a tio n
(SIC) s y s te m . N A ic s -b a s e d d a ta by industry a r e not c o m p a ra b le w ith S IC -b a s e d d a ta .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
87
Current Labor Statistics:
25.
Compensation & Industrial Relations
Employment Cost Index, compensation,1 by occupation and industry group
[June 1989 = 100]
2001
Series
June
Sept.
2002
Dec.
Mar.
June
2003
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
Percent change
June
3 months
ended
12 months
ended
June 2003
C iv ilia n w o r k e r s 2 .........................................................................................
1 5 3 .8
1 5 5 .6
1 5 6 .8
1 5 8 .4
1 5 9 .9
1 6 1 .3
1 6 2 .2
1 6 4 .5
W h ite -c o lla r w o r k e r s ..............................................................................
1 5 6 .0
1 5 7 .7
1 5 8 .9
1 6 0 .5
162 .1
1 6 3 .5
1 6 4 .3
P ro fe s s io n a l s p e c ia lty a n d te c h n ic a l..........................................
1 5 4 .3
1 5 6 .7
1 5 7 .5
1 5 8 .5
1 5 9 .3
1 6 1 .4
1 6 2 .4
1 6 5 .8
0 .8
1 6 6 .7
1 6 7 .9
.7
3 .6
1 64.1
1 6 5 .0
.5
3 .6
3 .9
3 .7
W o rk e rs , b y o c c u p a tio n a l group:
E x e c u tiv e , a d m in itra tiv e , a n d m a n a g e ria l...............................
1 5 8 .6
1 5 9 .6
1 6 1 .2
1 6 3 .7
1 6 5 .6
1 6 6 .3
1 6 6 .7
1 71 .1
1 7 2 .0
.5
A d m in is tra tiv e s u p p o rt, including c le ric a l.................................
1 5 6 .8
1 5 8 .8
1 6 0 .0
1 6 2 .0
1 6 3 .3
1 6 4 .9
1 66 .1
1 6 8 .3
1 7 0 .0
1 .0
4.1
B lu e -c o lla r w o r k e r s ................................................................................
1 4 9 .3
1 51.1
1 5 2 .0
1 5 3 .7
1 55 .1
1 5 6 .4
1 5 7 .5
1 5 9 .8
1 6 1 .4
1 .0
4.1
1 5 6 .9
1 5 8 .4
1 5 9 .4
1 6 1 .3
1 6 2 .2
1 64.1
165 0
.5
3 .5
S e rv ic e o c c u p a tio n s ..............................................................................
1 5 3 .3
1 5 5 .0
W o r k e r s , b y in d u s try division:
G o o d s -p ro d u c in g .....................................................................................
1 5 2 .2
1 5 4 .4
1 5 6 .3
1 5 7 .7
1 5 8 .7
1 6 9 .2
1 63.1
1 6 4 .6
.9
4 .4
M a n u fa c tu rin g ........................................................................................
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .3
1 5 4 .6
1 5 6 .6
158 .1
1 59 .1
1 6 0 .5
1 6 4 .0
1 6 5 .4
1 5 6 .4
1 5 7 .6
1 59 .1
1 6 0 .7
1 6 2 .2
162 8
165 0
166 2
.9
7
4 .6
1 5 4 .4
3 .2
1 5 3 .2
S e r v ic e s ....................................................................................................
1 5 5 .4
1 58 .1
1 5 9 .0
1 6 0 .2
161 .1
1 6 3 .2
1 6 3 .9
1 6 5 .3
1 6 6 .3
.6
H e a lth s e r v ic e s ...................................................................................
1 5 4 .6
1 5 6 .7
1 5 8 .3
1 6 0 .5
1 6 1 .8
1 63.1
1 6 4 .5
1 6 6 .4
1 6 7 .6
.7
3 4
3 .6
H o s p ita ls .............................................................................................
1 5 5 .6
1 5 8 .2
1 6 0 .0
1 6 2 .3
1 6 3 .8
1 6 5 .7
1 6 7 .6
1 6 9 .9
1 7 0 .8
.5
4 .3
E d u c a tio n a l s e rv ic e s ........................................................................
1 5 2 .2
156 .1
1 5 6 .6
1 57 .1
1 5 7 .4
1 6 1 .6
1 6 2 .8
1 6 3 .6
1 6 4 .2
.4
4 .3
P u b lic a d m in is tra tio n 3 ..........................................................................
1 5 1 .9
1 5 3 .8
1 5 5 .2
1 5 6 .5
1 5 7 .5
1 6 0 .2
1 6 1 .7
1 6 3 .4
1 6 4 .3
.6
4 .3
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ..................................................................................
1 5 4 .0
1 5 6 .0
1 5 7 .2
1 5 8 .7
1 6 0 .2
1 6 1 .7
1 6 2 .4
1 6 4 .5
1 6 5 .8
.8
3 .5
P r iv a t e in d u s t r y w o r k e r s .....................................................................
1 5 4 .5
1 5 5 .9
1 5 7 .2
1 5 8 .9
1 6 0 .7
1 6 1 .6
1 6 2 .3
1 6 5 .0
1 6 6 .4
.8
3 .5
E xc lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ........................................................
1 5 4 .4
1 5 6 .0
1 5 7 .2
1 5 9 .0
1 6 0 .5
1 6 1 .6
1 6 2 .4
1 65 .1
1 6 6 .6
.9
3 .8
W o rk e rs , by o c c u p a tio n a l group:
W h ite -c o lla r w o rk e rs ...........................................................................
1 5 7 .4
1 5 8 .7
160 .1
1 6 1 .9
1 6 3 .8
1 6 4 .6
1 6 5 .2
1 68 .1
1 6 9 .4
.8
3 .4
E xc lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .....................................................
1 58 .1
1 5 9 .6
1 6 0 .9
1 6 2 .8
1 6 4 .3
1 6 5 .3
1 6 5 .9
1 69 .1
1 7 0 .4
.8
3 .7
P ro fe s s io n a l s p e c ia lty a n d te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s .............
1 5 7 .5
1 5 9 .2
1 6 0 .3
1 6 1 .5
1 6 2 .5
1 6 3 .6
1 6 4 .4
1 6 6 .5
1 6 7 .7
.7
3 .2
E x e c u tiv e , a d m in itra tiv e , a n d m a n a g e ria l o c c u p a tio n s ..
1 5 9 .4
1 6 0 .2
1 6 1 .8
1 6 4 .4
1 6 6 .6
1 6 7 .0
1 6 7 .2
1 72 .1
1 73.1
.6
3 .9
2 .2
S a le s o c c u p a tio n s .............................................................................
1 5 4 .5
1 5 5 .0
1 5 6 .7
1 5 7 .7
1 6 1 .6
1 6 1 .6
1 6 1 .9
1 6 3 .5
1 65.1
1 .0
A d m in is tra tiv e s u p p o rt o c c u p a tio n s , including c le ric a l...
1 5 7 .7
1 5 9 .5
1 6 0 .8
1 6 2 .8
1 6 4 .2
1 6 5 .6
1 6 6 .7
1 6 9 .0
1 7 0 .9
1.1
4 .1
1 4 9 .3
1 5 1 .0
1 5 1 .9
1 5 3 .6
155 .1
156 3
1 5 7 .3
1 5 9 .7
1 6 1 .4
1 1
4 1
P re c is io n p ro d u c tio n , craft, a n d re p a ir o c c u p a tio n s ........
1 4 9 .7
1 5 1 .8
1 5 2 .5
1 5 3 .7
1 5 5 .7
1 5 6 .9
1 5 7 .8
1 6 0 .0
1 6 2 .0
1 .3
4 .0
M a c h in e o p e ra to rs , a s s e m b le rs , a n d in s p e c to rs ...............
1 49.1
1 5 0 .4
1 5 1 .5
1 5 3 .6
1 5 4 .7
1 5 5 .4
1 5 6 .7
1 5 9 .9
1 61 .1
.8
4.1
T ra n s p o rta tio n a n d m a te ria l m o v in g o c c u p a tio n s .............
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .6
1 4 6 .3
1 4 8 .7
1 4 9 .6
1 5 1 .0
1 5 1 .8
1 5 3 .2
1 55 .1
1 .2
3 .7
H a n d le rs , e q u ip m e n t c le a n e rs , h e lp e rs , a n d la b o re rs ....
1 5 3 .4
1 5 4 .9
1 5 6 .5
1 5 8 .7
1 5 9 .9
1 6 1 .4
1 6 2 .9
1 6 4 .9
1 6 6 .8
1 .2
4 .3
S e rv ic e o c c u p a tio n s ............................................................................
1 5 1 .3
1 5 2 .6
1 5 4 .8
1 5 6 .4
1 5 7 .4
1 5 9 .0
1 5 9 .8
1 6 1 .7
1 6 2 .6
.6
3 .3
P ro d u c tio n a n d n o n s u p e rvis o ry o c cu p a tio n s 4 .....................
1 5 2 .7
1 5 4 .3
1 5 5 .5
1 57.1
1 5 8 .7
1 5 9 .7
1 6 0 .5
1 6 2 .6
1 64 .1
.9
3 .4
G o o d s -p ro d u c in g ..................................................................................
1 52 .1
153 .1
1 5 4 .4
1 5 6 .2
1 5 7 .6
1 5 8 .6
1 60 .1
1 6 3 .0
1 6 4 .5
.9
4 .4
E xc lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
1 5 1 .5
1 5 2 .5
1 5 3 .7
1 5 5 .5
1 5 6 .9
1 5 7 .9
1 5 9 .2
1 6 2 .4
1 6 3 .8
.9
4 .4
W h ite -c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s .............................................................
1 5 6 .5
1 5 6 .8
1 58 .1
1 60 .1
1 6 1 .9
1 6 2 .9
1 6 4 .3
1 6 7 .8
1 6 9 .2
.8
4 .5
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ................................................
1 5 5 .0
1 5 5 .3
1 5 6 .5
1 5 8 .4
1 6 0 .2
161 .1
1 6 2 .3
1 6 6 .3
1 6 7 .5
.7
4 .6
4 .3
W o rk e rs , b y in d u s try division:
B lu e -c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ...............................................................
1 4 9 .3
1 5 0 .8
1 5 1 .9
1 5 3 .6
1 5 4 .8
1 5 5 .9
1 5 7 .3
1 5 9 .9
1 6 1 .5
1 .0
C o n s tru c tio n .........................................................................................
1 5 0 .3
1 5 1 .7
1 5 3 .0
1 54 .1
1 5 5 .2
1 5 6 .3
1 5 7 .9
159 .1
1 61 .1
1 .3
3 .8
M a n u fa c tu rin g .....................................................................................
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .3
1 5 4 .6
1 5 6 .6
1 58.1
159 .1
1 6 0 .5
1 6 4 .0
1 6 5 .4
.9
4 .6
W h ite -c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s .............................................................
1 5 6 .0
1 5 6 .0
1 5 6 .9
1 59 .1
1 61.1
1 6 2 .2
1 6 3 .3
167 .1
1 6 8 .7
1 .0
4 .7
E xc lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
1 5 4 .0
1 5 3 .8
1 5 4 .7
1 5 6 .7
1 5 8 .6
1 5 9 .6
1 6 0 .7
1 65 .1
1 6 6 .4
.8
4 .9
B lu e -c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ...............................................................
1 5 0 .0
1 5 1 .3
1 5 2 .7
1 5 4 .6
1 5 5 .8
1 5 6 .7
1 5 8 .3
1 6 1 .6
1 6 2 .8
.7
4 .5
D u r a b le s ................................................................................................
1 53.1
1 5 4 .0
1 5 5 .3
1 5 6 .9
1 5 8 .3
1 5 8 .9
1 6 0 .6
1 6 4 .4
1 6 5 .5
.7
4 .5
N o n d u ra b le s ........................................................................................
1 5 1 .6
1 5 2 .0
1 5 3 .2
1 5 6 .0
1 5 7 .5
1 5 9 .2
1 6 0 .3
163 .1
1 6 4 .9
1.1
4 .7
S e rv ic e -p ro d u c in g .................................................................................
1 5 5 .3
1 5 6 .9
1 5 8 .2
1 5 9 .9
1 6 1 .8
1 6 2 .7
1 6 3 .1
1 6 5 .6
1 6 7 .0
.8
3 .2
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ................................................
1 5 6 .0
1 5 7 .8
1 5 9 .0
1 6 0 .9
1 6 2 .4
1 6 3 .5
1 6 4 .0
1 6 6 .6
1 6 8 .0
.8
3 .4
W h ite -c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ............................................................
1 5 7 .4
1 5 9 .0
1 6 0 .3
162 .1
1 6 4 .0
1 6 4 .7
1 6 5 .1
1 6 7 .9
1 6 9 .2
.8
3 .2
E xc lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ................................................
1 59 .1
1 6 0 .9
1 6 2 .2
164 .1
1 6 5 .6
1 6 6 .5
1 6 7 .0
1 6 9 .9
1 7 1 .3
.8
3 .4
B lu e -c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ...............................................................
1 4 8 .7
1 5 0 .9
1 5 1 .4
1 5 3 .2
1 5 5 .2
1 5 6 .6
1 5 6 .9
1 5 8 .7
1 6 0 .8
1 .3
3 .6
1 6 2 .0
6
3 ?
4 .1
1 5 0 .8
T ra n s p o rta tio n a n d p u blic utilities .............................................
1 5 2 .2
1 5 4 .2
1 5 5 .9
1 5 7 .0
1 5 8 .5
1 5 9 .3
161 .1
1 5 2 .4
1 5 3 .5
1 5 5 .5
1 5 7 .3
1 5 8 .9
1 6 0 .8
1 6 1 .7
1 6 3 .2
1 6 5 .4
1 .3
T ra n s p o rta tio n ...................................................................................
1 4 6 .9
1 4 8 .2
1 51 .1
1 5 2 .5
1 5 3 .9
1 5 5 .4
1 5 6 .1
1 5 7 .8
1 5 8 .9
.7
3 .2
P u b lic u tilities .....................................................................................
1 6 3 .9
1 6 5 .5
1 6 8 .2
1 6 9 .2
1 7 0 .5
1 7 4 .2
2 .2
5 .3
1 5 9 .8
1 6 0 .7
1 6 1 .5
C o m m u n ic a tio n s ..........................................................................
1 61.1
1 6 2 .8
1 6 3 .4
1 6 6 .0
1 66.1
1 6 9 .0
1 7 0 .1
1 7 1 .3
1 7 5 .5
2 .5
5 .7
E le c tric, g a s , a n d s a n ita ry s e rv ic e s ...................................
1 58.1
1 58.1
159 .1
1 6 1 .3
1 6 4 .8
1 6 7 .2
1 68 .1
1 6 9 .5
1 7 2 .6
1 .8
4 .7
W h o le s a le a n d re tail tr a d e ............................................................
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .7
1 5 5 .5
1 5 6 .5
1 5 9 .5
1 5 9 .6
1 5 9 .7
1 6 1 .3
1 6 2 .5
.7
1 5 3 .9
1 5 5 .4
157 .1
1 5 7 .5
1 6 0 .0
1 6 0 .3
1 6 0 .4
1 6 1 .8
162 7
.6
1 .9
1 7
1 5 7 .8
1 5 8 .6
1 5 9 .5
1 6 1 .9
1 6 6 .3
1 6 5 .9
1 6 6 .7
1 6 9 .5
1 7 1 .3
1.1
3 .0
W h o le s a le tr a d e ...............................................................................
E xc lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ................................................
1 5 8 .5
1 6 0 .0
1 6 0 .6
1 6 2 .3
1 6 4 .4
1 66 .1
1 6 7 .2
1 6 8 .4
1 6 9 .9
1 5 0 .9
1 5 3 .2
1 5 3 .5
1 5 5 .6
1 5 6 .0
155 8
1 5 6 .6
157 4
.9
5
3 .3
1 4 9 .7
G e n e r a l m e rc h a n d is e s to re s ...................................................
1 4 9 .4
1 4 9 .7
1 5 0 .9
1 5 2 .4
1 5 4 .2
1 56 .1
1 55 .1
1 5 6 .4
1 5 9 .2
1 .8
3 .2
F o o d s to re s .....................................................................................
1 4 8 .2
1 4 9 .7
1 5 1 .7
1 5 2 .9
1 5 4 .5
1 5 6 .3
1 5 6 .3
1 5 7 .5
1 5 8 .6
.7
2 .7
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le.
Monthly Labor Review
88
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
1 2
25. Continued— Employment Cost Index, compensation,1 by occupation and industry group
[June 1989 = 100]
Series
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Percent change
2002
2002
2001
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
12 months
ended
3 months
ended
June 2003
F in a n c e , in s u ra n c e , a n d re al e s ta te .........................................
1 5 9 .5
1 6 0 .9
1 6 1 ,3
1 6 5 .2
1 6 7 .3
1 6 8 .0
1 6 8 .5
1 7 6 .7
1 7 8 .3
0 .9
6 .6
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
163.1
1 6 4 .7
1 6 5 .0
1 6 9 .8
1 7 1 .3
1 72.1
173.1
1 8 2 .0
1 8 4 .0
1.1
7 .4
B a n k in g , s a v in g s a n d lo an , a n d o th e r c red it a g e n c ie s .
1 7 2 .7
1 7 5 .4
1 7 4 .5
1 82.1
1 8 4 .2
1 8 4 .6
1 8 5 .3
2 0 4 .3
2 0 6 .3
1 .0
1 2 .0
In s u ra n c e .............................................................................................
1 5 9 .3
1 5 9 .9
1 6 1 .3
1 6 4 .0
1 66.1
167 .1
1 6 7 .9
1 72.1
1 7 3 .9
2 .5
4 .7
S e r v ic e s ..................................................................................................
1 5 7 .8
1 6 0 .0
1 6 1 .0
1 6 2 .6
1 6 3 .7
1 6 4 .9
1 6 5 .4
1 67.1
1 6 8 .4
.8
2 .9
B u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ...........................................................................
1 6 3 .0
1 6 5 .2
1 6 6 .2
1 6 6 .3
1 6 6 .6
1 6 7 .2
1 6 7 .5
1 6 8 .5
1 6 9 .2
.4
1 .6
H e a lth s e r v ic e s .................................................................................
1 5 4 .7
1 5 6 .8
1 5 8 .4
1 6 0 .6
1 6 2 .0
1 6 3 .2
1 6 4 .4
1 6 6 .5
1 6 7 .9
.8
3 .6
H o s p ita ls ...........................................................................................
1 5 5 .9
1 5 8 .4
1 6 0 .3
1 6 2 .8
1 6 4 .5
1 6 6 .2
168 .1
1 7 0 .8
1 7 1 .9
.6
4 .5
E d u c a tio n a l s e rv ic e s .....................................................................
1 6 2 .6
1 6 6 .4
1 6 7 .6
1 6 8 .5
1 6 9 .0
1 7 3 .5
1 7 5 .2
1 7 6 .3
1 77.1
.5
4 .8
4 .2
C o lle g e s a n d u n iv e rs itie s .........................................................
1 6 2 .6
1 6 6 .2
1 6 7 .5
168.1
1 6 8 .4
1 7 2 .0
1 7 3 .7
1 7 4 .5
1 7 5 .4
.5
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g .............................................................................
1 5 4 .7
1 5 6 .3
1 5 7 .6
1 5 9 .3
161.1
1 6 2 .0
1 6 2 .5
1 6 4 .9
1 6 6 .4
.9
3 .3
W h ite -c o lla r w o rk e rs ......................................................................
1 5 7 .5
1 5 9 .0
1 6 0 .5
1 6 2 .2
1 64.1
1 6 4 .8
1 6 5 .3
1 6 8 .0
1 6 9 .3
.8
3 .2
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ................................................
159 .1
1 6 0 .9
1 6 2 .3
1 6 4 .2
1 6 5 .7
1 6 6 .6
1 67.1
1 7 0 .0
1 7 1 .4
.8
3 .4
B lu e -c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ................................................................
148 .1
1 5 0 .2
1 5 0 .6
1 5 2 .2
1 5 4 .0
1 5 5 .4
1 5 5 .9
1 5 7 .5
1 5 9 .7
1 .4
3 .7
S e r v ic e o c c u p a tio n s ......................................................................
1 5 0 .7
1 52.1
154 .1
1 5 5 .9
1 5 6 .9
1 5 8 .4
1 5 9 .2
161 .1
1 6 2 .0
.6
3 .3
State and local government workers................................
1 5 1 .2
1 5 4 .3
1 5 5 .2
156.1
1 5 6 .7
160 .1
1 6 1 .5
1 6 2 .6
1 6 3 .2
.4
4.1
W h ite -c o lla r w o r k e rs ..............................................................................
1 5 0 .4
1 5 3 .7
1 5 4 .4
1 5 5 .2
1 5 5 .7
1 5 9 .3
1 6 0 .7
1 6 1 .7
1 6 2 .2
.3
4.1
P ro fe s s io n a l s p e c ia lty a n d te c h n ic a l..........................................
1 4 9 .2
1 5 2 .8
1 5 3 .2
1 5 3 .6
154 .1
1 58.1
1 5 9 .4
1 6 0 .2
1 6 0 .8
.4
4 .3
E x e c u tiv e , a d m in is tra tiv e , a n d m a n a g e ria l.............................
1 5 3 .7
1 5 6 .4
1 5 7 .6
1 5 9 .5
1 5 9 .6
1 6 2 .3
1 6 3 .8
1 6 5 .3
1 6 5 .7
.2
3 .7
1 5 1 .6
1 5 4 .2
1 5 5 .6
1 5 6 .9
1 5 8 .0
1 6 1 .0
1 6 2 .4
1 6 3 .8
1 6 4 .4
.4
4.1
1 4 9 .0
1 5 1 .5
1 5 3 .2
1 5 4 .0
1 5 4 .7
1 5 8 .4
1 5 9 .8
1 6 1 .3
1 6 1 .7
.2
4 .5
S e r v ic e s ...................................................................................................
1 5 0 .6
1 5 4 .4
1 5 4 .9
1 5 5 .5
1 5 5 .9
1 5 9 .7
1 6 0 .9
1 6 1 .8
1 6 2 .3
.3
4.1
S e rv ic e s e x c lu d in q sch o o ls 5 .........................................................
1 5 1 .9
1 5 4 .5
156 .1
1 5 7 .9
1 5 8 .7
1 6 1 .0
1 6 2 .8
1 6 4 .0
1 6 4 .2
.1
3 .5
H e a lth s e r v ic e s ................................................................................
1 5 4 .4
157.1
1 5 8 .5
1 6 0 .4
1 6 1 .4
1 6 3 .5
1 6 5 .5
1 6 6 .4
1 6 6 .7
.2
3 .3
1 5 4 .7
1 5 7 .4
159.1
1 6 0 .7
1 6 1 .8
164 .1
1 6 6 .2
1 6 7 .0
1 6 7 .3
.2
3 .4
E d u c a tio n a l s e rv ic e s .....................................................................
1 50.1
154 .1
1 5 4 .5
1 5 4 .8
155 .1
1 5 9 .2
1 6 0 .3
1 61.1
1 6 1 .7
.4
4 .3
1 5 0 .5
1 5 4 .4
1 5 4 .8
1 55.1
1 5 5 .4
1 5 9 .6
1 6 0 .7
1 6 1 .4
1 6 2 .0
.4
4 .2
E le m e n ta ry a n d s e c o n d a ry .................................................
1 4 9 .0
1 5 2 .8
1 53.1
1 5 3 .4
1 5 3 .6
1 5 7 .7
1 5 8 .8
1 5 9 .4
1 6 0 .0
.4
4 .2
W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a tio n a l gro u p :
W o rk e rs , b y in d u s try division:
P u b lic a d m in is tra tio n 3 ........................................................................
1 5 4 .3
1 5 3 .8
1 5 9 .6
1 6 0 .0
1 6 0 .4
1 6 4 .7
1 6 5 .8
1 6 7 .0
1 6 7 .5
.3
4 .4
1 5 1 .9
1 5 1 .9
1 5 5 .2
1 5 6 .5
1 5 7 .9
1 6 0 .2
1 6 1 .7
1 6 3 .4
1 6 4 .3
.6
4 .3
1 C o s t (c e n ts p e r h o u r w o rk e d ) m e a s u re d in th e E m p lo y m e n t C o s t In d e x c onsists of
w a g e s , s a la rie s , a n d e m p lo y e r c o st o f e m p lo y e e b e n efits.
2 C o n s is ts o f p riv a te in d u stry w o rk e rs (e x clu d in g fa rm a n d h o u s eh o ld w o rke rs ) a n d
S ta te a n d lo cal g o v e r n m e n t (e x clu d in g F e d e ra l G o v e rn m e n t) w o rk e rs .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3 C o n s ists o f leg is lativ e , ju d icia l, a d m in is tra tiv e , a n d re g u la to ry activities.
4 T h is s e rie s h a s th e s a m e industry a n d o c c u p a tio n a l c o v e ra g e a s th e H o u rly
E arn in g s in d ex, w h ich w a s d isc o n tin u ed in J a n u a ry 1 9 8 9 .
5 In clu d e s , fo r e x a m p le , lib rary , s o cia l, a n d h e alth s e rv ic e s .
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
89
Current Labor Statistics:
26.
Compensation & Industrial Relations
Employment Cost Index, wages and salaries, by occupation and industry group
[June 1989 = 100]
2001
2002
2003
Percent change
Series
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
3 months
ended
12 months
ended
Mar. 2003
Civilian workers1........................................
1 5 0 .8
1 5 2 .3
1 5 3 .4
1 5 4 .8
1 56.1
1 5 7 .2
1 5 7 .8
1 5 9 .3
1 6 0 .3
0 .6
2 .7
W o rk e rs , b y o c c u p a tio n a l group:
W h ite -c o lla r w o r k e r s .........................................................................
1 53.1
1 5 4 .5
1 5 5 .6
1 5 7 .0
1 5 8 .4
1 5 9 .6
1 60 .1
1 6 1 .9
1 6 2 .9
.6
2 .8
P ro fe s s io n a l s p e c ia lty a n d te c h n ic a l.........................................
1 5 2 .-
1 5 4 .2
1 55.1
1 5 5 .6
1 5 6 .2
1 5 8 .0
1 5 8 .6
1 5 9 .3
1 60.1
.5
2 .5
E x e c u tiv e , a d m in itra tiv e , a n d m a n a g e ria l...............................
1 5 5 .8
1 5 6 .7
1 58.1
1 6 0 .7
1 6 2 .6
1 6 3 .5
1 6 3 .8
1 6 7 .9
1 6 9 .0
.7
3 .9
A d m in is tra tiv e s u p p o rt, including c le ric a l.................................
1 5 2 .7
1 5 4 .6
1 5 5 .7
1 5 7 .3
1 5 8 .4
1 5 9 .6
1 6 0 .6
1 6 1 .8
1 63 .1
.8
3 .0
B lu e -c o lla r w o r k e r s ............................................................................
1 4 6 .0
1 4 7 .6
1 4 8 .5
1 4 9 .7
1 5 1 .0
1 5 1 .9
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .8
1 5 4 .8
.7
2 .5
S e r v ic e o c c u p a tio n s ..............................................................................
1 4 9 .7
1 5 1 .2
1 5 3 .0
1 5 4 .2
155 .1
'5 6 .2
1 5 6 .9
1 5 8 .0
1 5 8 .7
.4
2 .3
.8
W o rk e rs , by in d u s try division:
G o o d s -p ro d u c in g ..................................................................................
1 4 7 ,6
1 4 9 .5
1 5 0 .5
1 5 1 .8
153 .1
1 5 3 .9
155 .1
1 5 6 .3
1 5 7 .5
M a n u fa c tu rin g .......................................................................................
1 5 0 .0
1 5 0 .7
1 5 1 .7
1 53.1
1 5 4 .5
1 5 5 .4
1 5 6 .5
1 5 8 .0
1 5 9 .0
.6
2 .9
S e rv ic e -p ro d u c in g .................................................................................
1 5 1 .7
1 5 3 .4
1 5 4 .5
1 5 5 .9
1 5 7 .2
1 5 6 .4
1 5 8 .8
1 6 0 .5
1 6 1 .4
.6
2 .7
2 .5
2 .9
S e r v ic e s .................................................................................
1 5 3 .6
1 5 6 .2
1 57.1
1 58 .1
1 5 8 .8
1 6 0 .7
1 61.1
1 6 1 .9
1 6 2 .8
.6
H e a lth s e rv ic e s .................................................................
1 5 1 .8
1 5 3 .7
1 5 5 .5
1 5 7 .3
1 5 8 .5
1 5 9 .6
1 6 0 .9
1 6 2 .0
1 6 3 .2
.7
3 .0
1 5 1 .2
1 5 .5
1 5 5 .5
1 5 7 .2
1 5 8 .6
1 6 0 .3
1 6 2 .2
1 6 3 .5
1 6 4 .4
.6
3 .7
3 .3
H o s p ita ls ...................................................................................
E d u c a tio n a l s e rv ic e s ...................................................................
1 5 1 .0
1 5 4 .6
1 55.1
1 5 5 .3
1 5 5 .6
1 5 9 .3
1 60 .1
1 6 0 .4
1 6 0 .7
.2
P u b lic a d m in is tra tio n 2 ...............................................................
1 4 8 .7
1 5 0 .3
1 5 1 .6
1 5 2 .5
1 5 3 .4
1 5 4 .8
1 5 5 .8
1 5 7 .2
1 5 8 .0
.5
3 .0
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ...........................................................................
1 4 9 .7
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .8
1 5 5 .0
1 5 6 .4
1 5 7 .5
1 5 8 .0
1 5 9 .6
1 6 0 .5
.6
2 .6
Private industry workers...............................................
E xc lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ........................................................
1 5 0 .9
1 52.1
1 5 3 .3
1 5 4 .7
1 5 6 .3
1 5 7 .0
1 5 7 .5
1 5 9 .3
1 6 0 .4
.7
2 .6
1 5 0 .8
1 5 2 .2
1 5 3 .3
1 5 4 .9
1 56 .1
1 5 7 .0
1 5 7 .9
1 5 9 .4
1 6 0 .5
.7
2 .6
1 5 3 .8
1 5 4 .8
156 .1
2 .8
W o rk e rs , b y o c c u p a tio n a l group:
W h ite -c o lla r w o r k e r s ..........................................................................
1 5 7 .7
1 5 9 .4
1 6 0 .0
1 6 0 .4
1 6 2 .6
1 6 3 .8
.7
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .....................................................
1 5 4 .4
1 5 5 .7
1 5 6 .9
1 5 8 .6
1 6 0 .0
1 6 9 .8
1 6 0 .8
1 6 3 .6
1 6 4 .8
.7
3 .0
P ro fe s s io n a l s p e c ia lty a n d te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s .............
1 5 3 .2
1 5 4 .8
1 5 5 .9
1 5 6 .7
1 5 7 .4
1 5 8 .2
1 5 8 .5
1 5 9 .5
1 6 0 .5
.6
2 .0
E x e c u tiv e , a d m in itra tiv e , a n d m a n a g e ria l o c c u p a tio n s ..
1 5 6 .5
1 5 7 .2
1 5 8 .6
1 6 1 .3
1 6 3 .6
4.1
1 6 4 .3
1 6 4 .5
169.1
1 7 0 .3
.7
S a le s o c c u p a tio n s .............................................................................
1 5 1 .5
1 5 1 .2
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .6
1 5 7 .0
1 5 6 .9
1 5 6 .8
158 .1
1 5 9 .3
.8
1 .5
A d m in is tra tiv e s u p p o rt o c cu p a tio n s , including c le ric a l..:
1 5 3 .6
1 5 5 .3
1 5 6 .5
1 5 8 .2
1 5 9 .2
1 6 0 .3
1 6 1 .3
1 6 2 .6
1 6 4 .0
.9
3 .0
B lu e -c o lla r w o r k e r s .............................................................................
1 4 5 .9
1 4 7 .5
1 4 8 .3
1 4 9 .6
1 5 0 .9
1 5 1 .7
1 5 2 .4
1 5 3 .6
1 5 4 .6
.7
2 .5
P re c is io n p ro d u c tio n , c raft, a n d re p a ir o c c u p a tio n s ........
1 4 5 .7
1 4 7 .7
1 4 8 ,4
1 4 9 .2
1 5 1 .0
1 5 1 .8
1 5 2 .3
1 5 3 .4
1 5 4 .7
.8
2 .5
M a c h in e o p e ra to rs , a s s e m b le rs , a n d in sp ec to rs ...............
1 4 6 .9
1 48 .1
1 4 9 .0
1 5 0 .5
1 5 1 .6
1 5 2 .0
1 5 3 .2
1 5 4 .7
1 5 5 .3
.4
2 .4
T ra n s p o rta tio n a n d m a te ria l m oving o c c u p a tio n s .............
1 4 0 .7
1 42.1
1 4 2 .8
1 4 4 .8
1 4 5 .2
1 4 6 .3
1 4 6 .9
1 4 7 .8
1 4 9 .0
.8
2 .6
H a n d le rs , e q u ip m e n t c le a n e rs , he lp ers , a n d la b o re rs ....
1 4 9 .8
1 5 1 .0
1 5 2 .4
1 5 4 .2
1 55.1
1 5 6 .0
1 5 7 .2
1 5 8 .4
1 5 9 .0
.4
2 .5
S e r v ic e o c c u p a tio n s ...........................................................................
1 4 7 .5
1 4 8 .7
1 5 0 .6
1 5 2 .0
1 5 2 .8
1 5 3 .9
1 5 4 .4
1 5 5 .5
156 .1
.4
2 .2
P ro d u c tio n a n d n o n s u p e rv is o ry o c cu p a tio n s 3 .....................
1 4 9 .0
1 5 0 .3
1 5 1 .5
1 5 2 .7
1 5 4 .0
1 5 4 .7
1 5 5 .2
1 5 6 .4
1 5 7 .4
.6
2 .2
W o r k e r s , b y in d u s try division:
G o o d s -p ro d u c in g ..................................................................................
1 4 8 .6
1 4 9 .5
1 5 0 .5
1 5 1 .7
153 .1
1 5 3 .9
1 5 5 .0
1 5 6 .3
1 5 7 .4
.7
2 .8
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ................................................
1 4 7 .8
1 4 8 .7
1 4 9 .7
1 5 0 .9
1 5 2 .2
1 5 3 .0
1 5 4 .0
1 5 5 .4
1 5 6 .5
.7
2 .8
W h ite -c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ............................................................
1 5 2 .3
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .6
1 5 5 .0
1 5 6 .6
1 5 7 .9
1 5 8 .6
1 6 0 .0
1 6 1 .4
.9
E xc lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
1 5 0 .5
1 5 0 .8
1 5 1 .7
1 5 2 .9
1 5 4 .5
1 5 5 .4
1 5 6 .3
1 5 8 .0
1 5 9 .2
.8
3 .0
B lu e -c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ...............................................................
1 46 .1
1 4 7 .4
1 4 8 .4
1 4 9 .6
1 5 0 .7
1 5 1 .5
1 5 2 .6
1 5 3 .8
1 5 4 .8
.7
2 .7
C o n s tru c tio n .........................................................................................
1 4 3 .9
1 45 .1
1 4 6 .3
1 4 7 .0
1 4 8 .2
1 4 9 .0
1 5 0 .2
1 5 0 .6
1 5 2 .4
1.2
2 .8
M a n u fa c tu rin g ........................................................................
1 5 0 .0
1 5 0 .7
1 5 1 .7
153 .1
1 5 4 .4
1 5 5 .4
1 5 6 .5
1 5 8 .0
1 5 9 .0
.6
2 .9
W h ite -c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ............................................................
1 5 2 .7
1 5 2 .8
1 5 3 .3
1 5 4 .9
1 5 6 .6
1 5 7 .7
1 5 8 .6
160 .1
1 6 1 .6
.9
3 .2
E xc lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
1 5 0 .5
1 5 0 .5
1 5 1 .0
1 5 2 .3
1 5 3 .9
1 5 5 .0
1 5 5 .9
1 5 7 .7
1 5 8 .9
.8
3 .2
B lu e -c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ................................................................
1 4 7 .8
1 49 .1
1 5 0 .3
1 5 1 .7
1 5 2 .8
1 5 3 .5
1 5 4 .7
1 5 6 .3
1 5 6 .9
.4
2 .7
D u r a b le s ..............................................................................
1 5 0 .5
1 5 1 .5
1 5 1 .7
1 5 3 .9
1 5 5 .3
1 5 6 .0
1 5 7 .3
1 5 8 .8
1 5 9 .7
.6
2 .8
N o n d u ra b le s .....................................................................................
1 4 9 .0
1 4 9 .3
1 5 3 .9
1 5 1 .9
1 53.1
1 5 4 .4
1 5 5 .2
1 5 6 .6
1 5 7 .8
.8
3.1
2 .5
S e rv ic e -p ro d u c in g ..........................................................................
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
W h ite -c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ........................................................
1 5 1 .9
1 5 3 .2
1 5 1 .9
1 56.1
1 5 7 .7
1 5 8 .4
1 5 8 .6
1 6 0 .6
1 6 1 .7
.7
1 5 2 .6
1 5 4 .2
156 .1
1 5 7 .2
1 5 8 .5
1 5 9 .3
1 5 9 .6
1 6 1 .7
1 6 2 .8
.7
2 .7
1 5 4 .0
1 5 5 .2
1 5 7 .2
1 5 8 .2
1 5 9 .9
1 6 0 .5
1 6 0 .7
1 6 3 .0
1 64 .1
.7
2 .6
E xc lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
1 5 5 .6
1 5 7 .2
1 5 8 .2
1 6 0 .4
1 6 1 .6
1 6 2 .5
1 6 2 .8
1 6 5 .3
1 6 6 .5
.7
3 .0
B lu e -c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ................................................................
1 4 5 .3
1 4 7 .5
148 .1
1 4 9 .4
151 .1
1 5 1 .8
1 5 2 .0
1 5 3 .2
1 5 4 .3
.7
2.1
S e rv ic e o c c u p a tio n s ....................................................................
1 4 7 .2
1 4 8 .4
1 4 9 .4
1 5 1 .6
1 5 2 .4
1 5 3 .5
1 54.1
1 55.1
1 5 5 .6
.3
2.1
T ra n s p o rta tio n a n d p ublic utilities ..............................................
1 4 5 .7
1 4 6 .7
1 4 9 .2
1 5 0 .5
1 52.1
1 5 3 .4
1 54.1
1 5 4 .8
1 5 5 .6
.5
2 .3
T r a n s p o r ta tio n ..................................................................................
1 4 1 .6
P u b lic u tilities ...................................................................................
C o m m u n ic a tio n s ..........................................................................
1 4 5 .7
1 4 7 .4
1 4 8 .6
1 4 9 .6
1 50.1
1 5 0 .5
1 5 0 .6
.1
1 .3
1 5 1 .0
1 5 2 .0
1 5 3 .6
1 5 4 .3
1 5 6 .4
1 5 8 .2
1 5 9 .3
1 6 0 .4
1 62 .1
1.1
3 .6
1 5 1 .8
1 5 3 .3
1 5 5 .2
1 4 2 .6
1 57.1
1 5 9 .6
1 6 0 .7
1 6 1 .9
1 6 3 .4
.9
4 .0
E le c tric, g a s , a n d s a n ita ry s e rv ic e s ...................................
1 4 9 .9
1 5 0 .4
1 5 1 .7
1 5 3 .0
1 5 5 .5
1 5 6 .5
1 5 7 .4
1 5 8 .6
1 6 0 .4
1.1
3 .2
W h o le s a le a n d re ta il t r a d e ............................................................
150.1
1 5 0 .6
1 52 .1
1 5 3 .0
1 5 5 .7
1 5 5 .5
1 5 5 .5
1 5 6 .7
1 5 7 .5
.5
1 .2
E xc lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
1 5 1 .9
153 .1
-
-
-
W h o le s a le tr a d e ..............................................................................
1 5 4 .5
1 54 .1
1 5 7 .2
1 6 1 .3
1 5 4 .8
1 5 5 .3
_
1 6 0 .4
_
_
1 6 3 .4
1 6 4 .7
.8
2.1
E xc lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
1 5 6 .5
1 5 7 .4
1 5 7 .9
1 5 9 .4
1 6 1 .2
1 6 2 .6
1 6 3 .7
1 6 3 .9
1 6 5 .2
.8
2 .5
1 4 7 .8
1 4 8 .8
1 5 0 .7
1 5 0 .9
1 5 2 .7
1 5 2 .9
1 5 2 .7
1 53.1
1 5 3 .8
.5
.7
G e n e r a l m e rc h a n d is e s to re s ..................................................
1 4 5 .5
1 4 5 .7
1 4 6 .5
1 4 7 .9
1 4 8 .9
1 50.1
1 4 9 .2
1 4 9 .8
1 5 2 .0
1 .5
2.1
F o o d s to re s .....................................................................................
1 4 4 .5
1 4 5 .7
1 4 6 .7
1 4 8 .0
1 4 8 .9
150.1
1 5 0 .3
1 5 1 .0
1 5 1 .6
.4
1 .8
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
1 6 1 .0
_
R e ta il t r a d e .........................................................................................
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d of ta b le .
90
3.1
26. Continued—Employment Cost Index, wages and salaries, by occupation and Industry group
[June 1989 = 100]
Series
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Percent change
2003
2002
2001
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
12 months
ended
3 months
ended
June 2003
6 .4
F in a n c e , in s u ra n c e , a n d re a l e s ta te .........................................
1 5 4 .6
1 5 5 .8
1 5 6 .0
1 6 0 .3
1 6 2 .0
1 6 2 .4
1 6 2 .6
1 71 .1
1 7 2 .4
0 .8
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s .................................................
1 5 7 .6
1 59 .1
159 .1
1 6 4 .5
1 6 5 .7
166 .1
1 6 7 .3
1 7 6 .7
1 7 8 .5
1 .0
7 .7
B a n k in g , s a v in g s a n d lo an , a n d o th e r c re d it a g e n c ie s .
1 7 0 .8
1 7 3 .2
1 7 1 .7
1 8 1 .2
1 8 2 .8
1 8 2 .7
1 8 3 .9
2 0 6 .4
2 0 8 .7
1.1
1 4 .2
In s u ra n c e .............................................................................................
1 5 3 .3
1 5 3 .6
1 5 5 .0
1 57.1
1 5 8 .6
1 5 9 .6
1 59.1
1 6 1 .6
1 6 3 .0
.9
2 .8
S e r v ic e s ..................................................................................................
1 5 5 .0
1 57.1
1 5 8 .2
1 5 9 .5
1 6 0 .3
1 6 1 .5
1 6 1 .7
1 6 2 .8
1 6 4 .0
.7
2 .3
B u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ..........................................................................
1 6 0 .8
1 6 2 .8
1 6 3 .7
1 6 4 .0
1 6 4 .0
1 6 4 .6
1 6 4 .8
1 6 5 .6
1 6 6 .4
.5
1 .5
H e a lth s e r v ic e s ................................................................................
1 5 1 .8
1 5 3 .6
1 5 5 .4
1 5 7 .3
1 5 8 .4
1 5 9 .9
1 6 0 .7
1 6 1 .9
1 6 3 .2
.8
3 .0
H o s p ita ls ...........................................................................................
1 5 1 .0
1 5 3 .3
1 5 5 .4
157 .1
1 5 8 .6
1 6 0 .2
162 .1
1 6 3 .6
1 6 4 .6
.6
3 .8
E d u c a tio n a l s e r v ic e s ......................................................................
156 .1
1 5 9 .6
1 6 0 .5
1 6 1 .2
1 6 1 .2
1 6 5 .2
1 6 6 .5
1 67 .1
1 6 7 .5
.4
4 .0
C o lle g e s a n d u n iv e rs itie s .........................................................
1 5 5 .0
1 5 8 .4
1 5 9 .6
1 5 9 .9
1 5 9 .9
1 63 .1
1 6 4 .3
1 6 4 .4
1 65 .1
.4
3 .3
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g .............................................................................
1 5 0 .9
1 5 2 .2
1 5 3 .5
1 5 5 .0
1 5 6 .5
1 5 7 .2
1 5 7 .5
1 5 9 .4
1 6 0 .5
.7
2 .6
W h ite -c o lla r w o r k e r s ......................................................................
1 5 3 .8
1 5 5 .0
1 5 6 .4
1 5 8 .0
1 5 9 .6
1 6 0 .2
1 6 0 .5
1 6 2 .8
1 6 3 .9
.7
2 .7
E x c lu d in g s a le s o c c u p a tio n s ................................................
1 5 5 .3
1 5 6 .9
1 5 8 .3
1 60.1
1 6 1 .3
1 62 .1
1 6 2 .5
1 6 4 .9
1 66 .1
.7
3 .0
B lu e -c o lla r o c c u p a tio n s ................................................................
1 4 3 .9
1 4 5 .8
1 4 6 .4
1 4 7 .5
1 4 9 .0
1 4 9 .8
1 5 0 .2
1 51.1
1 5 2 .4
.9
2 .3
S e r v ic e o c c u p a tio n s ......................................................................
1 47.1
1 4 8 .2
1 50 .1
1 5 1 .4
1 5 2 .3
1 5 3 .4
1 5 4 .0
1 5 5 .0
1 5 5 .5
.3
2 .1
State and local government workers...............................
1 5 1 .2
1 5 4 .3
1 5 5 .2
156 .1
1 5 6 .7
1 60 .1
1 6 1 .5
1 6 2 .6
1 6 3 .2
.3
3.1
W h ite -c o lla r w o r k e r s ..............................................................................
1 4 9 .8
1 5 2 .7
1 5 3 .3
1 5 3 .9
1 5 4 .4
1 5 7 .4
1 5 8 .4
1 5 8 .9
1 5 9 .2
.2
3.1
P ro fe s s io n a l s p e c ia lty a n d te c h n ic a l..........................................
1 4 9 .8
1 5 3 .0
1 5 3 .4
1 5 3 .6
1 54.1
1 5 7 .5
1 5 8 .4
1 5 8 .8
1 59.1
.2
3 .2
E x e c u tiv e , a d m in is tra tiv e , a n d m a n a g e ria l.............................
1 5 1 .5
1 5 3 .9
1 55 .1
1 5 6 .6
1 5 6 .8
1 5 9 .0
1 60 .1
1 6 0 .9
1 6 1 .0
.1
2 .7
1 4 7 .6
1 4 9 .8
1 5 0 .9
1 5 1 .9
1 5 2 .8
1 55.1
1 5 6 .0
1 5 6 .9
1 5 7 .2
.2
2 .9
1 4 6 .5
1 49.1
1 5 0 .8
1 5 1 .6
152 .1
1 5 4 .5
155 .1
1 5 6 .2
1 5 6 .5
.2
2 .9
1 5 0 .2
1 5 3 .7
1 5 4 .2
1 5 4 .6
1 5 5 .0
1 5 8 .4
1 5 9 .2
1 5 9 .5
1 5 9 .8
.2
3.1
1 5 0 .7
1 5 3 .2
1 5 4 .9
1 5 6 .7
1 5 7 .3
1 59 .1
1 6 0 .3
1 6 1 .4
1 6 1 .8
.2
2 .9
1 5 1 .9
1 5 4 .2
1 5 5 .8
1 5 7 .8
1 5 8 .6
1 6 0 .5
1 6 2 .2
1 6 2 .9
1 6 3 .5
.4
3 .0
1 5 1 .8
1 5 4 .2
1 5 5 .7
1 5 7 .7
1 5 8 .8
1 6 0 .6
1 6 2 .5
1 63 .1
1 6 3 .8
.4
3.1
1 5 0 .0
1 5 3 .6
1 5 4 .0
1 5 4 .2
1 5 4 .5
1 58 .1
1 5 8 .9
1 59.1
1 5 9 .3
.1
3.1
1 5 0 .2
1 5 3 .8
1 54.1
1 5 4 .3
1 5 4 .6
1 5 8 .3
1 5 9 .0
1 5 9 .2
1 5 9 .5
.2
3 .2
1 4 9 .5
1 5 2 .8
1 53.1
1 5 3 .4
1 5 3 .6
1 5 7 .4
1 58 .1
1 5 8 .2
1 5 8 .5
.2
3 .2
1 5 1 .8
1 5 6 .5
1 5 6 .7
1 56 .8
1 5 7 .3
1 6 0 .7
1 6 1 .6
1 62.1
1 62 .1
.0
3.1
1 4 8 .7
1 5 0 .3
1 5 1 .6
1 5 2 .5
1 5 3 .4
1 5 4 .8
1 5 5 .8
1 5 7 .2
1 5 8 .0
.5
3 .0
W o r k e r s , b y o c c u p a tio n a l group:
W o rk e rs , b y in d u s try division:
S e r v ic e s ...................................................................................................
4
S e rv ic e s e x c lu d in g s c h o o ls ........................................................
H e a lth s e r v ic e s .................................................................................
E le m e n ta ry a n d s e c o n d a ry .................................................
. 2
P u b lic a d m in is tra tio n ........................................................................
1 C o n s is ts of p riv a te in d ustry w o rk e rs (e x clu d in g fa rm a n d h o u s eh o ld w o rk e rs ) a n d
S ta te a n d local g o v e r n m e n t (e x clu d in g F e d e ra l G o v e rn m e n t) w o rk e rs .
2 C o n s is ts of le g is la tiv e , ju d icial, a d m in is tra tive , a n d re g u la to ry activities.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3 T h is s e rie s ha s th e s a m e industry a n d o c c u p a tio n a l c o v e ra g e a s th e H o u rly
E arn in g s In d ex, w h ich w a s d isc o n tin u ed in J a n u a ry 1 9 8 9 .
4 In clu d e s , for e x a m p le , library, socia l, a n d h e a lth s e rv ice s.
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
91
Current Labor Statistics:
27.
Compensation & Industrial Relations
Employment Cost Index, benefits, private industry workers by occupation and industry group
[June 1989 = 100]_____________________
2001
2002
2003
Percent change
3 months
ended
Series
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
12 months
ended
June 2003
Private industry workers.................................................
1 6 3 .2
1 6 5 .2
1 6 6 .7
1 6 9 .3
1 7 1 .6
1 73 .1
1 7 4 .6
1 7 9 .6
1 8 2 .0
1 .3
6.1
W o rk e rs , b y o c c u p a tio n a l group:
W h ite -c o lla r w o r k e r s ..............................................................................
1 6 7 .4
1 6 9 .5
1 7 1 .2
1 7 3 .5
1 76 .1
1 7 7 .2
1 7 8 .5
1 8 3 .6
B lu e -c o lla r w o r k e r s ......................................................................
1 5 6 .7
1 5 8 .3
1 5 9 .2
1 6 2 .2
1 6 4 .0
1 6 6 .2
1 6 7 .8
1 7 2 .7
1 8 5 .5
17C ^
1 .0
5 .3
2 .0
7 .4
7 .6
W o rk e rs , b y in d u s try division:
G o o d s -p ro d u c in g .....................................................................................
1 5 9 .6
1 6 0 .8
1 6 2 .6
1 6 5 .8
1 6 7 .4
1 6 8 .8
1 7 1 .0
1 7 8 .0
1 8 0 .2
1 .2
S e r v ic e -p ro d u c in g ...................................................................................
1 6 4 .6
1 67.1
1 6 8 .4
1 7 0 .7
1 7 3 .3
1 7 4 .9
1 7 5 .9
1 7 9 .9
1 8 2 .3
1 .3
5 .2
M a n u fa c tu rin g ...........................................................................................
1 5 7 .9
1 5 8 .5
1 6 0 .4
1 6 3 .7
1 6 5 .5
1 6 6 .8
1 6 8 .9
1 7 6 .9
1 7 9 .0
1 .2
8 .2
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g .................................................................................
1 6 4 .9
1 6 7 .4
1 6 8 .6
1 71.1
1 7 3 .5
1 7 5 .2
1 7 6 .3
1 8 0 .3
1 8 2 .8
1 .4
5 .4
28.
Employment Cost Index, private nonfarm workers by bargaining status, region, and area size
[June 1989 = 100]
2001
2002
2003
2003
Series
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Percent change
3 months
ended
12 months
ended
June 2003
COMPENSATION
Workers, by bargaining status1
U n io n .......................................................................................................
1 49 5
151 n
G o o d s -p ro d u c in g ................................................................................
1 49 .3
150 6
151 6
S erv ice -p ro d u c in g ................................................................................
1 4 9 .5
151 2
1 54 2
M a n u fa c tu rin g ..................................................................................
148 8
149 9
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ..............................................................................
149 4
151 1
N o n u n io n ................................................................................................
155 3
1 56 7
G o o d s -p ro d u c in g ..................................................................................
153.1
1 54 0
S erv ice -p ro d u c in g .............................................................................
1 57 5
M a n u fa c tu rin g ..................................................................................
1 55 9
153J
1 54 4
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ..............................................................................
1 55 .4
1 57 .0
5 .0
.9
153 5
.8
158 6
1 58 .2
1 59 .9
1 6 1 .7
1 62 .4
1 6 2 .9
1 65 .4
1 6 6 .7
.8
Workers, by region1
N o rth e a s t...............................................................................
1 53 7
1 55 2
S o u th ..................................................................................................
1 52 3
153 5
1 56 .0
1 57 4
1 58 6
1 56 .0
1 57 .6
1 59 .4
M id w est (form erly North C e n tra l)......................................................
W e s t...........................................................................................................
3 .3
.6
2 .5
4 .8
1 60 .4
1 6 2 .9
1 63 .8
1 65 .0
1 67 .3
1 6 9 .5
1.3
Workers, by area size1
M etropolitan a r e a s ..................................................................................
1 54 .6
1 56 .0
1 57 .4
159.1
1 60 .9
161 .8
1 62 .5
165 .2
166 .6
.8
3 .5
O th e r a r e a s ................................................................................................
1 53 .7
1 54 .8
1 55 .6
1 5 7 .5
1 5 8 .5
1 60 .0
1 69 .8
1 6 3 .5
1 65 .0
.9
4.1
1 43 .7
145.1
1 4 7 .4
1 48.4
1 49 .8
1 51 .3
1 52 .5
1 53.3
1 54 .3
.7
3 .0
1 44 .2
1 45 .3
1 46 .3
1 47 .2
1 58 .6
1 50.0
1 51 .2
1 52.4
1 53 .9
1.0
3 .6
2 .4
WAGES AND SALARIES
Workers, by bargaining status1
U n io n ..........................................................................................................
G o o d s -p ro d u c in g .................................................................................
S e rv ice -p ro d u c in g ................................................................................
1 43 .7
1 4 5 .4
1 48 .9
1 50 .0
1 5 1 .4
1 52 .9
154.1
1 54.6
155.1
.3
M a n u fa c tu rin g ..........................................................................
1 45 .5
1 46 .7
1 4 8 .0
1 49 .0
1 5 0 .2
1 51 .6
153.1
1 54 .6
1 55 .9
.8
3 .8
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ..............................................................................
1 42 .7
1 44 .3
147.1
148.1
1 49 .6
151.1
152.1
1 5 2 .5
1 5 3 .5
.7
2 .6
1 52 .2
1 53 .4
1 54 .4
1 55 .9
1 5 7 .5
158.1
1 5 8 .5
1 60 .4
1 6 1 .5
.7
2 .5
1 50.3
151.1
152.1
1 53 .5
1 54 .8
1 5 5 .5
1 56 .6
1 57 .8
1 58 .9
.7
2 .6
S erv ice -p ro d u c in g ..............................................................................
1 52 .7
154.1
155.1
1 56 .7
1 58 .3
1 58 .9
1 59 .0
1 61 .2
1 62 .3
.7
M a n u fa c tu rin g ........................................................................................
1 51 .6
1 52 .2
153.1
1 54 .7
156.1
1 56 .8
1 57.8
1 59 .3
1 6 0 .2
.6
2 .6
N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ...............................................................................
1 52 .0
1 53 .3
1 54 .4
1 55 .9
1 5 7 .5
158.1
1 58 .3
1 60 .4
1 6 1 .5
.7
2 .5
2 .3
N o n u n io n ......................................................................................................
G o o d s -p ro d u c in g .................................................................................
2 .5
Workers, by region1
N o rth e a s t.....................................................................................................
1 49 .2
1 50 .6
1 51 .7
1 5 3 .5
1 54 .9
155.1
1 55 .7
157 .3
1 5 8 .4
.7
S o u th ............................................................................................................
1 49 .3
1 50 .2
1 51 .2
1 5 2 .5
1 5 3 .6
1 54 .7
1 54 .6
1 55 .3
156.1
.5
1.6
M id w est (form erly North C e n tra l).......................................................
1 52 .3
1 53 .6
1 54.7
157.1
1 5 8 .5
1 59 .2
160 .2
164.1
1 65 .0
.5
4.1
W e s t..............................................................................................................
1 52 .9
1 54.3
1 56 .0
1 56 .4
1 58 .7
1 59.3
160.1
1 61 .3
163.1
1.1
2 .8
Workers, by area size1
M etropolitan a r e a s ...................................................................................
1 5 1 .2
1 5 2 .4
1 53 .7
155.1
1 56 .7
1 57 .4
1 57 .9
1 59 .6
1 60.7
.7
2 .6
O th e r a re a s ................................................................................................
1 48.8
1 49 .7
1 5 0 .5
1 51 .7
1 5 2 .6
1 53 .8
1 54 .8
1 56 .8
1 58.0
.8
3 .5
' T h e indexes a re calc u la te d differently from those for th e occupation and industry groups. For a detailed description of th e index calculation, s ee the M o n t h ly L a b o r R e v ie w
T e ch n ic al N o te, "Estim atio n p rocedures for th e E m ploym ent Cost In d e x,” M ay 198 2.
92
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
29.
Percent of full-time employees participating in employer-provided benefit plans, and in selected features within plans,
Ite m
1984
1982
1980
3 2 ,4 2 8
3 1 ,1 6 3
1997
1995
1993
1991
1989
1988
1986
2 8 ,7 2 8
3 3 ,3 7 4
3 8 ,4 0 9
2 1 ,3 5 2
2 1 ,0 4 3
2 1 ,0 1 3
2 1 ,3 0 3
3 1 ,0 5 9
W ith m ed ical c a r e ................................................................
2 0,7 11
2 0 ,4 1 2
2 0 ,3 8 3
2 0 ,2 3 8
2 7 ,9 5 3
2 9 ,8 3 4
2 5 ,8 6 5
2 3 ,5 1 9
2 5 ,5 4 6
2 9 ,3 4 0
W ith life in s u ra n c e ...............................................................
2 0 ,4 9 8
2 0,201
2 0 ,1 7 2
2 0,4 51
2 8 ,5 7 4
3 0 ,4 8 2
2 9 ,2 9 3
2 6 ,1 7 5
2 9 ,0 7 8
3 3 ,4 9 5
W ith d e fin e d b enefit p la n ..................................................
1 7 ,9 3 6
1 7 ,6 7 6
17,231
1 6,1 90
1 9,5 67
2 0 ,4 3 0
1 8 ,3 8 6
1 6 ,0 1 5
1 7 ,4 1 7
1 9 ,2 0 2
S c o p e of s urvey (in 0 0 0 's )....................................................
N u m b e r of e m p lo y e e s (in 0 00's):
T im e - o ff p la n s
P articipants with:
P aid lunch tim e ........................................................................
10
9
9
10
11
10
8
9
-
-
A v e ra g e m inutes per d a y .................................................
-
25
26
27
29
26
30
29
-
-
72
72
71
67
68
-
-
81
3 .7
P aid rest tim e ..........................................................................
75
76
73
A v e ra g e m in u te s per d a y .................................................
-
25
26
26
26
26
28
26
P aid fu n e ra l le a v e .................................................................
-
-
-
88
85
84
80
83
80
A v e ra g e d a ys p e r o c cu rren ce........................................
-
-
-
3 .2
3 .2
3 .3
3 .3
3 .0
3 .3
P aid h o lid ay s ............................................................................
A v e ra g e d a ys p e r y e a r .....................................................
99
99
99
99
96
97
92
91
89
89
10.1
1 0.0
9 .8
1 0.0
9 .4
9 .2
1 0.2
9 .4
9.1
9 .3
P aid p ersonal le a v e ..............................................................
20
24
23
25
24
22
21
21
22
20
A v e ra g e d ays p e r y e a r.....................................................
-
3 .8
3.6
3 .7
3 .3
3.1
3 .3
3.1
3 .3
3 .5
P aid v a c a tio n s .........................................................................
100
99
99
100
98
97
96
97
96
95
P aid sick le a v e 1....................................................................
U n p aid m a ternity le a v e .......................................................
62
67
67
70
69
68
67
65
58
56
33
37
37
60
-
-
U n p a id p a ternity le a v e ........................................................
-
-
-
-
16
18
26
53
-
U npaid fa m ily l e a v e ................................ ........... ................
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
84
97
97
97
95
90
92
83
82
77
76
-
“
In s u ra n c e p la n s
Participants in m edical c a re p lan s .....................................
Percen t of participants with cove rag e for:
H o m e health c a re ................................................................
-
-
46
66
76
75
81
86
78
85
58
62
62
70
79
80
80
82
73
78
8
18
28
28
30
42
56
63
_
P ercen t of participants with em ployee
contribution required for:
26
A v era g e m onthly contribution......................................
46
27
51
A v era g e m ontm y contrioution......................................
Participants in life insurance plan s...................................
36
43
44
47
51
61
67
69
$ 1 1 .9 3
$ 1 2 .8 0
$ 1 9 .2 9
$ 25 .31
$ 2 6 .6 0
$ 3 1 .5 5
$ 3 3 .9 2
$ 3 9 .1 4
58
63
64
66
69
76
78
80
$ 3 5 .9 3
$ 4 1 .4 0
$ 6 0 .0 7
$ 7 2 .1 0
$ 9 6 .9 7
$ 1 0 7 .4 2
$ 1 1 8 .3 3
$ 1 3 0 .0 7
96
96
96
96
92
94
94
91
87
87
69
72
74
72
78
71
71
76
77
74
10
8
7
6
5
7
6
Percen t of participants with:
Accidental death and dism em berm ent
_
_
_
64
64
59
49
42
44
41
37
33
43
47
48
42
45
40
41
42
43
42
45
44
-
-
53
55
Participants in long-term disability
40
Participants in sickness a nd accident
54
51
P articipants in short-term disability plans ' ....................
51
49
46
-
-
-
82
76
63
63
59
56
52
50
5S
62
55
52
52
52
95
R e tire m e n t p la n s
P articipants in defined benefit pension p lan s ..............
84
84
P erc en t of participants with:
Early retirem ent a v a ila b le ...............................................
55
58
6c
64
98
97
97
98
98
97
98
95
96
-
47
35
26
22
7
6
4
10
53
52
54
57
55
64
56
61
58
56
45
45
56
62
62
6c
54
48
51
49
60
45
48
48
49
55
57
33
36
41
44
43
54
55
A d hoc pension in cre a se in last 5 y e a rs ....................
T e rm in a l earn in g s fo rm u la..............................................
Participants in d e fin ed contribution p lan s......................
Participants in plan s w ith tax -d e ferre d savings
a rra n g e m e n ts .......................................................................
Other benefits
E m p lo ye es eligible for:
'
2
S
S
10
12
12
13
5
12
22
36
52
38
5
32
7
T h e definitions for paid sick lea v e and short-term disability (previously sickness and
accident in su ran ce) w e re ch an g ed for the 1 9 9 5 survey. P aid sick leave now includes only
2
plan s th at specify e ith er a m axim um n u m b er of days per yea r or unlimited d ays.
specifically allow m edical plan participants to p ay required plan prem ium s w ith pretax
Short-
Prior to 1 9 9 5 , reim bursem ent accounts included prem ium
te rm s disability now includes all insured, self-insured, and S ta te -m an d ate d plans available
dollars.
on a per-disability basis, as w ell as the unfunded per-disability plans previously reported as
tabulated separately.
Also, reim bursem ent accounts that w e re
conversion
part of flexible
plans, w hich
benefit plan s w ere
sick le a v e . S ic k n es s a nd accident insurance, reported in y ears prior to this survey, included
only insu red, self-insured, a n d S ta te -m an d ate d plans providing per-disability b e n e-
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
N o t e : Dash indicates d a ta not available.
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
93
Current Labor Statistics:
Compensation & Industrial Relations
30. Percent of full-time employees participating in employer-provided benefit plans, and in selected features
within plans, small private establishments and State and local governments, 1987, 1990, 1992, 1994, and 1996
Small private establishments
item
1990
1992
1994
State and local governments
1996
1987
1990
1992
1994
S co p e of survey (in 0 0 0 's ).....................................
3 2,4 66
3 4,3 60
3 5 ,9 1 0
3 9 ,8 1 6
10,321
12,972
12,466
N u m b e r of e m ployees (in 000's):
W ith m edical c a re ..................................................
2 2 ,4 0 2
2 4,3 96
2 3 ,5 3 6
2 5 ,5 9 9
9 ,599
12,064
11,219
W ith life in su ran ce.................................................
1 1,192
2 0 ,7 7 8
2 1 ,9 9 0
2 1 ,9 5 5
2 4 ,6 3 5
8 ,773
11,415
1 1,095
W ith d efined benefit p la n ....................................
1 1,1 94
6 ,4 9 3
7 ,5 5 9
5 ,4 8 0
5 ,8 8 3
9 ,599
11,675
1 0,845
1 1,7 08
1 2,9 07
T im e -o ff p la n s
Participants with:
P aid lunch tim e ........................................................
8
9
17
11
10
A v era g e m inutes per d a y ...................................
37
37
_
_
34
36
34
_
P aid rest tim e ...........................................................
48
49
-
_
58
56
53
-
A v era g e m inutes per d a y ..................................
27
26
-
_
29
29
29
_
P aid funeral le a v e ..................................................
47
50
50
51
56
63
65
A v era g e d ays per o ccurrence.........................
62
2 .9
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.7
3 .7
3 .7
P aid holidays............................................................
3 .7
84
82
82
80
81
74
75
73
A v era g e d ays per y e a r1.....................................
P aid personal le a v e ................................................
9 .5
9.2
7 .5
7.6
10.9
13.6
14.2
11.5
11
12
13
14
38
39
38
A v era g e d ays per y e a r.......................................
38
2 .8
2 .6
2 .6
3 .0
2 .7
2 .9
2 .9
P aid v acatio n s..........................................................
3 .0
88
88
88
86
72
67
67
66
P aid sick lea v e 2.......................................................
47
53
50
50
97
95
94
17
18
_
_
95
Unpaid le a v e .............................................................
57
51
59
_
Unpaid paternity le a v e ...........................................
8
7
-
-
30
33
44
-
“
-
47
48
~
-
-
93
69
71
66
64
93
93
90
87
80
_
_
76
82
87
84
-
_
U n p aid fam ily le a v e ................................................
In s u ra n c e p la n s
Participants in m edical care p lan s......................
Percen t of participants with coverage for:
H o m e health c a r e .................................................
79
Extended c a re facilities.......................................
83
84
Physical e x a m ........................................................
26
28
78
79
84
81
36
36
47
55
Percen t of participants with em ployee
contribution required for:
S elf c o v e ra g e ..........................................................
42
47
52
52
35
38
43
A v era g e m onthly contribution........................
47
$ 2 5 .1 3
$36.51
$ 4 0 .9 7
$ 4 2 .6 3
$ 1 5 .7 4
$ 2 5 .5 3
$ 2 8 .9 7
Fam ily c o v e ra g e ....................................................
$ 3 0 .2 0
67
73
76
75
71
65
72
71
A v era g e monthly contribution........................
$ 1 0 9 .3 4
$ 1 5 0 .5 4
$ 1 5 9 .6 3
$ 1 8 1 .5 3
$ 7 1 .8 9
$ 1 1 7 .5 9
$ 1 3 9 .2 3
$ 1 4 9 .7 0
Participants in life in surance plans......................
64
64
61
62
85
88
89
87
79
77
P ercen t of participants with:
Accidental d eath a n d dism em berm ent
in su ran ce.................................................................
78
76
Survivor inco m e b en efits.....................................
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
R e tiree protection a va ila b le ................................
19
25
20
13
55
45
46
46
22
31
27
28
30
14
21
22
21
67
67
74
64
Participants in lo ng-term disability
insu rance plan s .......................................................
19
23
20
6
26
26
-
-
-
20
22
15
15
93
90
87
91
54
50
_
47
92
89
92
92
87
Participants in sickness and accident
insu rance p lan s........................................................
Participants in short-term disability plans 2........
29
R e tire m e n t p la n s
Participants in d efined benefit pension plans..
P ercen t of participants with:
N orm al retirem ent prior to a g e 6 5 ....................
Early retirem ent a va ila b le ...................................
-
92
90
88
89
Ad hoc pension increase in last 5 y ears........
7
4
-
-
33
16
10
T erm in al earn in g s form ula..................................
13
58
54
-
53
100
100
100
99
B enefit coordinated with Social S ecurity.......
49
46
-
44
18
8
10
49
Participants in defined contribution plans...........
31
33
34
38
9
9
9
9
17
24
23
28
28
45
45
24
95
95
Participants in plans with tax-deferred savings
a rra n g e m en ts ............................................................
O th e r b e n e fits
E m p lo yees eligible for:
Flexible benefits plan s.............................................
1
2
3
4
5
5
5
5
R eim bursem ent accounts 3...................................
8
14
19
12
5
31
50
64
Prem ium conversion plans ..................................
7
' M eth o d s used to calculate the a verag e num ber of paid holidays w ere revised
in 1 9 9 4 to count partial d ays m ore precisely.
A verage holidays for 199 4 are
not c o m p arab le with those reported in 1 99 0 and 199 2.
2
T h e definitions for paid sick leave and short-term disability (previously
sickness a n d accident in surance) w ere changed for the 199 6 survey. Paid sick
leave now includes only plans that specify either a m axim um num ber of days
per y ea r or unlim ited days. Short-term disability now includes all insured, self-
Sickness and accident insurance, reported in years prior to this survey,
included only insured, self-insured, and S tate-m and ated plans providing perdisability benefits at less than full pay.
3 Prior to 1996, reim bursem ent accounts included prem ium conversion plans,
which
specifically
allow
m edical
plan
flexible benefit plans w ere tabulated separately.
insured, and S ta te -m an d ate d plans available on a per-disability basis, as well
a s th e unfunded per-disability plans previously reported as sick leave.
94
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
participants
to
pay
required
plan
prem ium s with pretax dollars. Also, reim bursem ent accounts that w ere part of
N o t e : Dash indicates data not available.
31. Work stoppages involving 1,000 workers or more
Annual totals
Measure
2001
2002
2003p
2002
June
Sept.
Aug.
July
Nov.
Oct.
N u m b e r of stoppages:
Beginning in p e rio d ....................................
29
19
1
3
1
3
1
In e ffe ct during p e rio d ..............................
30
20
3
4
3
3
3
Jan.
Dec.
2
2
1
1
Mar.
Feb.
1
2
W o rk e rs involved:
B eginning in period (in th o u s a n d s )....
99
46
1.5
6 .7
3 .5
1 3.7
4 .3
1.4
1 7.5
102
47
5 .3
8.2
6.2
1 3.7
1 3.5
4 .3
1.4
1 8.8
.0
.0
6 ,5 9 6
3 6 .0
4 0 .3
1 33 .4
2 3 .9
2 8 .6
4 8 .8
0.0
1.2
D a y s idle:
1,151
P e rc e n t of e stim a te d w orking tim e 1....
.00
.00
.00
5 4 .0
.00
5 0 .6
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
2
2
0
0
In e ffe ct during p eriod (in thou sands).
(2)
Apr.
June
May
1
1
1
1
1
1
4 .0
4 .0
4 .0
4 .0
4 .0
4 .0
4 .0
4 .0
1 8.5
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
1 6.0
.00
.00
.00
<2)
1 Agricultural a n d governm ent em p lo yees are included in the total em ployed and total w orking tim e; private household, forestry, a nd fishery em p lo yees a re excluded. An explanatio n of
th e m e a s u re m e n t of idleness as a p ercen tag e of th e total tim e w orked is found i n " T o ta l econom y' m easures of strike idleness," M o n t h ly L a b o r R e v i e w , O cto b er 1 9 6 8 , pp. 5 4 — 5 6 .
2 Less than 0.0(15.
p = prelim inary.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
95
Current Labor Statistics:
32.
Price Data
Consumer Price Indexes for All Urban Consumers and for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: U.S. city average,
by expenditure category and commodity or service group
[ 1 9 8 2 - 8 4 = 1 0 0 , u n le s s o th e rw is e in d ic a te d ]
Annua average
Series
2001
2002
2002
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
2003
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
C O N S U M E R P R IC E IN D E X
FOR ALL URBAN CO NSUMERS
A ll ite m s ...............................................
177.1
179.S
179.S
180.1
180.7
181.0
181.0
181.3
180.9
181.7
183.1
All item s (1 9 6 7 = 1 0 0 )................................
184.2
183.8
183.5
183 .7
5 3 0 .'
538.8
538.9
539.5
541.2
542.1
543.2
543.1
541.9
544.2
548.5
551.8
550.5
549 .7
5 50 .4
173.6
176.8
176.4
176.6
176.6
176.9
177.1
Food and b e ve rag es .............................................
F o o d ...............................................................
Food at h o m e ............................................
177.4
177.8
178.1
178.9
179.2
179.0
179.4
1 80.2
173.'
176.2
175.8
176.0
176.0
176.4
176.5
176.8
177.3
177.5
178.3
178.6
178.4
178.8
1 79.6
173.¿
175.6
175.0
175.2
174.9
175.2
175.1
175.5
176.1
176.7
177.6
177.7
198.4
198.9
198.3
197.3
199.8
201.8 202.1
177.3
177.8
1 78.9
2 01 .9
2 0 3 .0
2 0 3 .7
C e rea ls and b akery products.............................
193.8
198.0
198.7
198.7
198.6
M eats, poultry, fish, and e g g s............................
161.:
162.1
161.9
162.3
162.2
161.8
161.3
162.1
162.4
161.6
164.7
164.8
165.2
164.7
167 .2
Dairy and related products1.....................................
167.1
168.1
212.2
168.0
167.6
167.2
166.3
166.5
167.1
167.3
166.4
167.2
167.1
165.8
165 .4
Fruits and veg e ta b les ..........................
163 .9
2 20 .9
2 17 .4
2 17.4
217 .0
218 .4
2 17 .4
2 19 .8
2 24 .9
227.1
2 23 .3
2 2 3 .6
2 2 1 .3
2 2 6 .2
2 2 7 .3
139.2
139.2
Nonalcoholic beve rag es and beverage
m aterials.................................................
137 .5
138.3
137.6
140.2
140.5
139.1
139.8
140.6
140.8
140.3
140.5
1 40.3
1 40 .3
159.6
160.8
160 .8
161.0
160.6
160.8
160.9
161.1
161.1
161.8
162.2
162.6
162.1
162.1
163.4
S u g ar and s w e e ts.........................................
155.7
159.0
158.0
160.2
159.9
159.6
159.9
158 .5
159.1
169.7
161.8
162.5
161.4
1 62 .3
162 .8
Fats and oils..............................................................
155.7
155.4
154.6
154.9
154.1
154.1
155.9
153.4
152.8
155.8
158.7
1 57.5
156.1
1 57 .6
O ther food s.................................................
1 56 .5
176.C
177.1
177.4
177.3
176 .9
177.0
177.0
178.3
178.2
178.2
177.9
178.6
177 .8
180 .0
109.2
109.0
110.1
178.5
108.9
109.3
109.7
109.8
1 10.3
110.2
109.7
110.5
110.1
110.4
110.1
1 11 .5
173.9
178.3
178.2
1787.5
1 78.8
179.2
179.6
179.8
180.1
179.9
180.7
181.0
181.1
181 .5
1 81 .5
113.4
117.7
117.6
117.7
118.1
118.8
119.1
119.7
119.8
119.9
120.2
120.4
120.4
120 .5
179.3
183 .6
183.5
121.2
183.8
184.2
183.9
184.7
185.1
184.9
185.8
185.9
186.6
186.4
1 86 .7
187.1
176.4
180.3
180.7
181.2
184.3
O th e r foods at h o m e ...................................................
O th e r m iscellaneous foods1,2...............................
Food a w a y from h o m e 1...........................................
O ther food aw ay from h o m e1,2.................................
Alcoholic b e ve rag es ..............................
Housing................................................
181.5
181.4
181.2
181.1
182.3
183.2
184.1
2 0 9 .6
2 0 9 .5
2 1 0 .9
212.8
2 1 3 .0
199.8
2 00 .7
2 0 1 .3
202.0
212.1
1 85.3
2 0 1 .3
211.6 212.1
184 .5
2 09 .2
2 0 2 .5
2 03 .3
2 0 3 .7
204.1
2 04 .5
2 0 4 .9
205.1
121.7
123.6
117.6
117.0
113.2
109.2
114.3
117.6
119.7
118.7
121.4
122.4
2 14 .3
2 1 4 .9
2 15 .4
2 16 .2
2 1 6 .8
2 1 7 .3
2 17 .9
2 1 8 .5
2 18 .7
2 18 .9
2 1 8 .9
107.8
108.6
109.6
110.0
2 1 9 .9
108.7
110.0
219.1
111.4
112.3
113.9
114.1
114.0
114.2
114.3
143.6
146.2
146.8
146.8
147.2
144.4
143.6
144.2
146.1
148.3
154.5
153.1
153.7
159.1
127.2
130.3
130.8
1 30.7
131.0
127.9
127.0
127.5
129.5
131.9
138.5
136.8
1 37 .5
143.4
208.1
208.1
2 08 .8
192.1
1 99.7
199.3
Lodging aw ay from h o m e ............................................
118.6
118.3
120.9
O w ners' equivalent rent of primary residence3.....
2 0 6 .3
2 1 4 .7
Tenants' and household insurance1,2......................
106.2
150.2
135.4
Fuels a n d utilities...............................................
Fu e ls .......................................................
2 0 9 .6
200.2
200.2
200.6
R ent of prim ary re sid e n ce ......................................
S h elte r................................................................
115 .2
Fuel oil and other fu e ls..........................................
129.3
1 15.5
112.7
111.6
112.1
115.2
119.3
121.8
125.6
136.6
156.3
169.0
147.9
137 .0
132 .2
G a s (piped) and electricity.......................................
142.4
134.4
138.0
138.6
138.5
138.7
134.9
133 .7
134.1
135.6
136.9
143.5
143.0
144 .5
151 .3
129.1
1 28.3
128.7
128.6
128.1
128.1
128.0
127.8
127.0
127.4
127.7
127.1
127.2
126 .3
126.2
127.3
124.0
122.7
118.7
120.5
124.6
1 25.5
118.1
123.6
123.9
122 .5
118.3
123.2
116.1
117.3
120.8
119 .5
116 .2
119.3
115.8
113.7
107.6
111.0
119.3
W o m en 's and girls’ a p p are l.........................................
121.0
1 19 .5
118.4
122.8
120.6
121.7
120.1
121.5
125.7
120.8
126.8
M en 's and boys' a p p are l..............................................
118.0
120.5
118.0
113.1
107.6
112.4
117.2
117.8
115 .5
111 .3
Infants' and toddlers' a p p arel1........................
129.2
126.4
124.9
122.9
124.3
126.2
127.7
127 .5
122.3
124.1
123.4
1 23 .6
1 20 .7
123.0
121.4
118.5
119.7
121.6
121.1
F o o tw e a r................................................................
121.2
125.3
123.0
122.7
120.7
Household furnishings and operations....................
A p p a r e l...............................................................
Transportation....................................................
Private transportation...........................................
N e w and used motor vehicles2...........................
N e w vehicles ...................................................
U sed cars and trucks1.....................................
M otor fu e l...................................................
G asoline (all ty p e s )......................................
M otor vehicle parts and equipm ent.........................
M otor vehicle m ain tenance and repair...................
Public transportation...............................................
M edical c a re ......................................................
119.7
119.8
119.8
119.9
119 .7
1 18.9
154.3
1 52.9
153.4
153.7
1 53.9
154.0
154.9
155.2
154.2
155.5
158.9
161.0
159.3
157 .2
1 56.8
150.0
1 48.8
149.1
149.5
149.7
150.0
151.1
1 51.5
150.4
151.8
155.3
1 57.3
155.5
153.1
1 52 .6
101.3
9 9.2
98.8
9 8.8
9 8.7
98.7
9 8.9
98.8
98.7
98.2
9 8.0
98.0
9 7.8
9 7.4
9 7 .0
142.1
140.0
139.2
138.7
138.1
138.7
139.5
140.4
140.6
139.7
139.2
139.3
138.7
138.1
137 .3
158.7
147 .4
152.0
152.2
152.7
153.4
120.8
150.7
148.8
148.5
148.3
148.4
148.5
148.4
147 .9
116.6
120.1
152.2
124.7
121.5
121.7
124.5
124.4
119.7
140.4
148.1
140.6
1 31 .3
130.1
116.0
119.5
120.3
120.9
121.1
126.3
124.0
123.9
123.8
119.1
125.7
139.7
147.4
139.9
1 30 .6
129 .5
104.8
106.9
106.7
107.4
107.7
107.4
106.9
107.2
107.0
107.8
108.2
107.9
107.7
1 07 .8
1 07 .7
190.0
189.8
191.0
191.4
191.8
192 .8
193.3
193.7
194.5
194.3
194.6
1 94 .9
195.1
2 1 4 .4
183.5
190.2
210.6
2 07 .4
2 11 .3
2 09 .7
2 09 .4
2 0 6 .5
2 03.4
2 0 2 .3
2 03 .0
202.2
2 03 .6
206.1
2 07 .2
211.6
2 7 2 .8
2 8 5 .6
2 8 4 .7
2 86 .6
2 8 7 .3
2 87 .7
2 89 .2
2 9 0 .5
2 91 .3
2 92 .6
2 93 .7
2 9 4 .2
2 94 .6
2 9 5 .5
2 9 6 .3
M edical care com m odities...........................................
2 4 7 .6
2 56 .4
2 56.4
2 5 7 .5
2 5 7 .7
2 5 7 .9
2 58 .3
259.1
2 59 .5
2 60 .3
2 60 .4
2 61 .4
M edical care services...................................
2 6 1 .6
2 6 1 .8
262.1
2 78 .8
2 9 2 .9
2 91 .7
2 9 3 .8
2 9 4 .7
2 95 .2
297.1
2 9 8 .5
2 99.4
3 00.8
3 02 .3
3 02 .6
303.1
3 0 4 .2
3 0 5 .2
Professional services......................................
2 4 6 .5
2 5 3 .9
2 53 .2
2 55 .0
2 5 4 .9
2 54 .8
2 56 .0
2 5 6 .5
2 57 .0
2 57 .8
2 5 8 .8
259.1
Hospital and related services............................
2 5 9 .8
261.1
2 6 1 .3
3 38 .3
3 6 7 .8
3 65 .3
3 67 .6
3 71 .3
3 73 .3
3 76 .7
3 8 0 .7
3 82.4
3 85 .7
3 88.2
3 8 8 .7
3 88 .7
3 8 8 .9
3 9 1 .8
106.2
106.3
106.2
106.4
106.4
106.5
106.9
107.4
107.4
1 07 .6
102.4
102.3
102.6
107 .6
103.0
102.6
107.2
101.5
1-6 .2
102.6
106.2
V id eo and a udio1'2................................................
103.0
103.2
103.4
103.8
103.7
103.8
103 .8
103 .7
Education and com m unication2.................................
105.2
1 07.9
106.9
107.6
108.9
109.5
109.4
1 09.3
109.2
109.7
109.7
109.4
109.0
108 .6
108 .5
118.5
126.0
124.3
124.8
127.1
129.6
129.9
130.0
130.0
130.6
131.0
131.1
131.2
131.4
132 .0
104.9
Recreation2.................................
Education2...............................................
Educational books and supplies.............................
2 9 5 .9
3 17 .6
3 17.4
3 18 .3
3 1 9 .6
3 23 .2
323 .2
3 24 .0
3 23 .3
3 29 .5
3 32 .8
3 33 .2
3 32 .3
3 3 2 .5
3 3 4 .3
Tuition, other school fees, and child c a re .............
341.1
362.1
3 56 .8
3 58 .3
3 65 .6
3 72 .8
373 .8
374.1
3 74.0
3 75 .5
3 76 .3
3 76 .5
377.1
3 7 7 .7
3 79 .4
Com m unication1'2..........................................................
93.3
9 2 .3
91.8
9 2.6
9 3.2
92.5
9 2.2
9 1 .8
91.8
92.0
9 1 .9
9 1.3
9 0.5
8 9 .8
8 9 .2
Inform ation and information processinq1'2.........
9 2.3
9 0.8
90.6
90.8
9 1.5
90.7
90.4
9 0.0
9 0.0
9 0.3
90.1
8 7 .9
8 7 .2
9 9.7
99.2
9 9.5
100.1
88.6
9 9.3
100.6
8 9.5
9 9.9
9 9.8
9 9.9
100.4
100.5
9 9.7
9 8.7
98.1
9 7 .5
2 1.3
18.3
18.4
18.4
18.3
17.8
17.7
17.3
17.2
17.1
16.9
16.8
16.7
16.4
16.2
2 9 .5
22.2
22.6
2 2.3
T ele p h o n e services1’2.....................................
Inform ation and information processing
other than teleDhone services1'4.......................
Personal com puters and peripheral
equipm ent1,2......................................
22.0
21.1
2 0 .7
20.0
19.7
19.5
19.1
19.0
18.7
18.0
17.5
2 82 .6
2 93 .2
2 94 .4
2 94 .5
2 9 5 .9
297 .0
295 .4
2 95 .6
2 95 .8
2 9 6 .5
2 9 7 .5
2 9 7 .3
298.1
298.1
Tobacco and sm oking products..................................
298.1
4 25 .2
4 6 1 .5
4 67.4
4 67 .2
4 78 .2
4 85 .8
4 7 0 .6
4 70 .4
4 72 .5
4 72 .4
4 72 .7
4 67 .2
4 6 7 .9
4 6 5 .6
4 6 3 .5
Personal c a re 1..........................................................
170.5
174.7
174.9
175.0
1 74.9
174.9
175.3
175 .5
175.4
175.9
176.7
177.2
177.7
177 .9
1 78.2
Personal care products1...............................................
155.1
154.7
155.4
154.6
154.3
154.4
154.6
154.2
153.4
153.0
153.3
153.3
154.1
153 .6
1 53.8
Personal care services1................................................
184.3
1 8 8 .4 1
188.3
188.7
189.1
189.2
189.3
189.9
189.9
190.6
190.9
191.7
192.5
193.0
192.1
O th e r goods a n d services..............................................
S e e footnotes a t end of table.
96
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
32. Continued— Consumer Price Indexes for All Urban Consumers and for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: U.S. city
average, by expenditure category and commodity or service group
[1982-84 = 100, unless otherwise indicated]
2001
June
2002
2003
2002
Annual average
Series
2 7 4 .6
July
Aug.
Sept.
275.1
2 7 5 .4
2 75 .2
2 7 6 .0
Apr.
Mar.
Jan.
Dec.
Nov.
Oct.
June
May
2 7 6 .6
2 7 6 .9
278.1
2 8 0 .4
2 8 1 .4
2 8 2 .0
2 8 2 .7
2 8 3 .8
263.1
2 7 4 .4
1 50.7
1 49 .7
149.8
149.3
149 .6
150.2
150.7
150.6
149 .7
150.0
1 52 .0
153.1
152.2
1 50 .9
1 5 0 .4
C om m odities.......................................... .............
1 73.6
176.8
176 .4
176.6
1 76.6
176.9
177.1
177 .4
177.8
178.1
1 78.9
179.2
1 79 .0
1 79 .4
1 80 .2
Food and b e v e ra g e s ......................................
137.2
1 34.2
134 .4
133 .6
1 34.0
134 .8
1 35.5
135.2
1 33.6
133 .9
1 36 .4
138 .0
136 .7
134 .6
1 33 .6
C om m odities less food and b e ve rag es ...
147.1
145.1
145.7
1 44.4
1 45.4
147.2
148 .4
1 48.0
145.2
146.1
1 51.2
1 54.5
1 52 .3
1 48 .9
1 4 7 .4
N ondu rables less food and beverages.
127.3
124 .0
122.7
118.7
120.5
124.6
126 .8
1 25.5
121 .5
118.1
120.6
1 23 .6
1 23.9
1 22 .5
1 1 9 .5
A p p a r e l.........................................................
1 6 8 .6
M iscellaneous personal services ...........
Com m odity a n d service group:
N ondu rables less food, beverages,
a n d a p p a re l................................................
163.4
162 .2
1 64.0
164 .3
164.8
165.2
166.0
166 .0
163.9
167 .4
174.1
177 .8
1 73 .9
1 69 .2
124 .6
1 21 .4
121 .3
121.1
1 20.7
120.6
120 .6
120.5
120.2
1 19.9
1 19 .7
1 19 .5
119 .2
118 .5
1 18 .0
D u ra b le s ..........................................................
2 0 9 .8
2 0 9 .8
2 10 .7
2 1 1 .5
2 1 1 .5
2 1 1 .7
2 1 1 .8
2 1 1 .9
213.1
2 1 4 .0
215.1
215.1
2 1 5 .9
2 1 6 .8
S erv ice s................................................................
2 0 3 .4
2 0 8 .9
2 1 6 .7
2 1 6 .8
2 1 7 .4
2 1 8 .3
2 1 7 .9
2 1 8 .4
2 1 8 .2
218.1
2 1 9 .5
2 2 0 .3
2 2 0 .9
2 2 0 .8
2 2 1 .5
2 2 1 .7
R ent of s h e l t e r .............................................
Transporatatlon serv ice s ...........................
2 0 1 .9
209.1
2 0 9 .0
2 0 9 .6
210.1
210.1
2 1 0 .9
2 1 2 .0
2 1 2 .0
2 1 2 .3
2 1 3 .4
2 1 4 .2
2 1 5 .3
2 1 6 .3
217 .1
2 3 8 .0
2 4 6 .4
245.1
2 4 6 .4
2 48 .2
249.1
2 4 9 .7
2 49 .9
2 5 0 .2
2 5 1 .4
2 5 2 .4
2 5 2 .6
2 5 2 .5
2 5 2 .8
2 5 3 .0
O th e r s erv ice s...............................................
Special indexes:
177 .8
180 .5
180.6
1 80.8
181.5
181.8
182.2
182.1
1 81.6
182 .4
183 .9
185.2
1 84.7
1 84 .3
1 84 .5
All item s less fo o d .................................................
169.7
170 .8
170.9
170.9
171 .3
1 71,9
172.2
172.3
1 71.7
172 .3
1 74 .0
1 75.3
1 74.7
174.1
1 7 4 .3
All item s less s h elte r..................................
1 71.9
1 74.3
1 74.4
174 .5
175.0
175.3
175.6
175 .6
175.1
175 .9
1 77 .3
178 .4
1 78 .0
1 7 7 .7
1 7 7 .9
All item s less m edical c a r e .......................
138 .9
1 36.0
136.3
135.5
1 35.9
136.7
137 .3
137 .0
1 35.6
135.8
1 38 .3
139 .8
1 38 .6
136 .5
1 35 .5
C om m odities less fo o d ...............................
149.1
1 47 .4
148 .0
146.7
147.7
149.3
150.6
150.2
147.6
1 48.4
1 53 .3
1 56.5
1 54 .3
151.1
151.1
N ondu rables less fo o d ...............................
1 6 9 .4
164.1
163 .3
164.9
165.2
165 .8
166.1
1 66.9
166.9
165.0
168.2
1 74 .4
1 77.7
174.2
169 .9
N ondu rables less food and a p p arel......
160.6
161.1
161.2
1 60.6
161.2
162.2
163.0
162 .9
161.6
162.2
1 65 .3
167.2
1 65 .9
1 64 .3
1 6 3 .9
N o n d u ra b le s ..................................................
2 1 7 .5
2 1 7 .5
2 1 8 .6
2 1 9 .5
2 2 0 .0
2 1 9 .9
2 20 .2
2 2 0 .5
2 2 1 .6
222.8
2 2 4 .4
2 2 4 .6
2 2 5 .5
2 2 7 .2
S ervices less rent of shelter3...................
2 1 2 .3
196.6
2 0 2 .5
2 0 2 .6
2 03 .2
2 0 4 .2
204.1
2 0 4 .2
2 0 4 .3
2 0 4 .3
2 0 5 .5
2 0 6 .4
2 0 7 .4
2 0 7 .5
2 0 8 .2
209.1
S ervices less m edical care serv ice s....
129 .3
1 21.7
124 .9
125.5
1 25.8
126.1
125 .8
1 25.3
123 .3
1 27.5
1 35 .4
1 42.6
138.1
1 34 .0
1 36 .5
E n erg y .............................................................
187 .7
1 87.3
187.5
188.1
188.4
188.8
188.9
1 88.6
189.0
189 .7
190.2
1 9 0 .3
1 9 0 .3
All item s less e n e rg y ..................................
183 .5
1 90.2
190 .5
190.1
190.3
191 .0
191.3
191.8
191.8
1 91.4
191 .8
1 92 .5
1 93 .0
193.1
193.2
1 9 3 .0
All item s less food and e n erg y .............
186.1
1 43.7
1 43.4
142 .5
142.8
1 43.6
143 .9
143.6
1 42.5
141.7
142.1
142 .6
142 .5
141 .7
1 40 .8
C om m odities less food and energy.
145.3
125.2
117.1
120.3
120.9
1 21.5
122.0
124 .8
1 24.9
1 20.7
127.5
142.1
150.1
141 .7
132 .3
1 30 .9
E nergy com m odities...........................
2 0 9 .6
2 1 7 .5
2 17 .2
2 1 8 .0
2 1 9 .0
2 1 8 .9
2 1 9 .5
2 1 9 .8
2 1 9 .8
2 2 1 .0
2 2 1 .9
2 2 2 .4
2 2 2 .5
223.1
2 2 3 .5
S ervices less e n e rg y ............................
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX FOR URBAN
WAGE EARNERS AND CLERICAL WORKERS
1 73 .5
1 75.9
175 .9
176 .0
1 76.6
177 .0
177 .3
1 77 .4
177 .0
177.7
1 79.2
1 80.3
1 79.8
1 7 9 .4
1 7 9 .6
All item s....................................................................
5 1 6 .8
5 2 3 .9
5 24 .0
5 2 4 .5
5 26 .0
5 27 .3
5 28.2
5 28 .4
5 27 .2
529 .2
5 3 3 .7
537.1
5 3 5 .5
5 3 4 .3
5 3 4 .3
All item s ( 1 9 6 7 - 1 0 0 )........................................
1 73.0
176.1
1 75.7
176.0
175 .9
176.2
1 76.3
176.6
177.1
177 .4
1 78 .3
178 .5
1 78.3
1 7 8 .7
1 7 9 .5
Food a n d b e v e ra g e s .........................................
172.5
1 76 .5
175.2
175 .4
175.3
175.7
175.7
176 .0
176.5
176 .8
1 77.7
177 .9
177.7
178.1
1 7 8 .9
172.4
175.1
174.1
174.3
1 74.0
1 74.3
174.2
174.5
175.1
1 75.7
1 76 .7
1 76.8
1 76 .4
1 76 .8
1 7 7 .9
193 .6
197.1
198.6
198.7
198.5
198 .4
198.9
198.2
197.1
199.9
2 0 1 .9
202.1
2 0 1 .8
2 0 2 .9
2 0 3 .7
161.2
162 .0
161.8
162.2
162 .0
161.5
161.2
162.1
162 .3
1 61.5
1 64 .5
164 .8
165.2
164 .6
1 6 7 .0
M e a ts, poultry, fish, and e g g s .................
167.1
167.2
1 67.8
1 67.4
1 67.0
166.1
1 66.4
166 .9
167.2
166 .3
167.1
166 .7
165 .6
165.1
1 6 3 .5
Dairy a n d related products1.....................
2 1 0 .8
2 2 2 .9
2 1 6 .4
2 1 6 .4
2 1 6 .2
2 1 7 .5
2 16 .2
2 1 8 .0
2 2 2 .9
2 2 5 .7
221.8
222.2
2 2 0 .0
2 2 4 .3
2 2 5 .7
Fruits a n d v eg e ta b le s .................................
1 3 9 .6
F o o d .......................................................................
Food at h o m e ...................................................
C e rea ls and b akery products..................
N onalcoholic b e ve rag es and beverage
138 .4
138.6
136.9
1 37.6
1 36.9
139.6
139.9
1 38.6
139.1
139.9
140.1
1 39 .5
1 39.6
1 39 .7
159.1
160 .4
1 60.4
160.5
160.1
160.3
1 60.3
160.7
1 60.6
161 .3
1 61 .9
162.1
161.7
1 61.7
1 6 3 .0
O th e r foods at h o m e ..................................
1 55.6
1 58 .8
158.8
159 .9
159 .6
159.5
159.5
158.2
158.9
1 60.4
1 61 .3
162.1
160 .9
162.1
1 6 2 .4
S u g ar and s w e e ts.....................................
m a teria ls ......................................................
155 .4
1 55.3
1 54.3
154.7
1 54.0
155.2
155 .8
153.4
1 52.9
1 55.7
158 .7
1 57.7
156 .2
1 57 .6
1 5 6 .5
Fa ts and oils............................................... .
176 .3
1 77 .6
177 .9
1 77.6
177 .3
177.2
177.2
178.8
178.5
178.5
1 78 .5
1 78 .9
179.0
187.1
1 8 0 .5
O th e r fo o d s.................................................
109.1
109 .7
109 .6
110.8
109 .9
110.1
110.1
111.0
110.7
110.1
1 10.9
110 .5
110.9
1 10 .5
112.1
O th e r m iscellaneous foods1,2...........
173.8
178.2
178.0
1 78.4
178.7
179.0
179.4
179.7
180.0
179 .8
1 80 .5
1 81.0
181.0
181 .4
1 81 .7
113.6
118.1
118.1
118.2
118.9
119.3
119.6
120.0
120.1
120.2
1 20 .4
1 20 .7
120.6
120.8
1 2 1 .3
178.8
1 83.3
183.2
183.6
183.8
183.4
184.3
184.6
184.7
1 85.5
1 85 .7
1 86.8
186.6
186.8
1 86 .8
Alcoholic b e v e ra g e s ..............
1 75.7
176.1
176.5
176.9
177.C
176.9
176.9
176.9
177.9
178 .7
1 79 .9
179.7
180.0
1 8 0 .9
Housing.........................................
172.1
194.E
2 0 1 .9
20.7
2 02.3
202.9
203.C
203.6
203.7
203.9
2 0 4 .9
2 0 5 .5
2 0 5 .9
2 0 5 .!
206 .4
2 0 6 .5
S h elte r.......................................
191.5
199.0
198.7
199.2
199.6
200.C
200.6
201.C
201.9
2 02 .6
2 0 3 .0
2 0 3 .4
203.7
204.1
2 0 4 .4
R ent of prim ary residence
118.4
118.4
120.4
121.3
122.9
117.7
117.7
114.C
1 09 .!
1 14.3
118 .0
1 20 .4
119.C
122.2
1 2 2 .6
Lodging a w ay from h om e2
187.6
195.1
194.7
195.2
195.7
196.-:
196.9
197.-!
198.C
1 98.5
1 98 .6
1 98 .8
1 98.!
199.C
1 99 .0
106.-!
108.7
107.9
108.7
109.7
110.
110.1
111.2
112 .:
113.7
1 13.9
113 .8
1 14.!
114.C
1 15 .0
149.f
142.9
1 45 .!
146.1
146.2
146..
143.!
143.C
143.!
145 .3
1 47 .4
1 53 .6
152.-
1 53 .!
1 58 .6
134.5
126.1
129.1
129.6
129.6
129.«
1 2 6 .'
126.C
126.-
1 28.3
1 30 .5
1 37 .0
135 .'
1 36.:
142 .2
129.5
115.C
112.2
110.9
111.!
114.
118.!
121.(
125.C
1 35.8
155 .7
1 67 .9
146.
136.
1 31 .6
1 5 0 .3
Fo o d a w a y from hom e
„1.2
O th e r food a w a y from hom e
33
„'■ 2
T en an ts' and household insurance
Fuels a n d utilities.........................................
F u e ls ...............................................................
136.5
137.!
137.-:
137.
133.f
132.
133.:
1 36 .0
1 42.6
142.
1 43 .,
124.-:
124.f
1 2 4 .'
124.2
CO
CVJ
123.«
123.
123.
123.2
1 23.5
122.8
122.
122.(
1 21 .9
126.
123.1
122.C
118.C
119.6
123.
125.
124.
120.
1 17.3
1 19 .4
1 22 .5
122.
121.!
1 18 .7
A p p a r e l..................................................................
125.
121."
121.
118.6
118.,
119.
122.
122.
118.
1 15.7
116 .8
120.6
120. 4
119.
1 16 .2
M e n 's a n d boys' a p p a re l............................
117.
1 14.(
112.
106.
109.
116. 3
119.
117.
112.
1 06.7
111.0
1 16 .4
116. 4
114.
1 1 0 .4
W o m e n 's and girls’ a p p are l......................
128.(
127.
125.
126.
128. 4
129.
129. 7
127.
122 .4
1 23.6
125 .8
125. 5
125.
1 22 .9
Infants' and toddlers' a p p are l1.................
121.
121.
118.
119.
121. 4
122. 3
122. 5
120. B
119 .5
1 19 .3
1 19.6
119. 3
119.
1 1 8 .5
F o o tw ear.........................................................
123.
153. 5
151.
152. 4
152.
153. D
153.
154. 3
154. 2
153. 0
154.6
1 58.2
1 60.3
158. 5
156.
1 5 5 .7
Transportation.....................................................
150. B
149.
149. 5
149.
150.
150. 4
151. 4
151. 6
150. 4
1 52.0
155 .7
1 57.8
155. 9
153.
1 5 2 .8
Private transportation....................................
99.
99.
99. 0
98. 5
9 8.2
9 7.9
9 8 .0
97. 7
N e w and used m otor v e h ic le s ...............
101. 9
99. 4
99.
99.
CD
CO
1 33 .-
125.1
O
141.!
134.7
G a s (piped) and electricity...................
H ousehold furnishings and operations..
o
CO
Fuel oil a n d other fu e ls..........................
71
96. 3
9 6 .9
S e e footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
97
Current Labor Statistics:
Price Data
32. Continued-Consumer Price Indexes for All Urban Consumers and for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers: U.S. city
average, by expenditure category and commodity or service group
[1982-84 = 100, unless otherwise indicated]________
Annual average
Series
2001
U s ed c a r s a n d tr u c k s 1...............
159 .Î
2002
2002
June
141.
140.
153.
152.
July
Sept.
Oct.
139.1
139.
139.
140.
153.Î
154.:
M otor fu e l............................
G asoline (all ty p e s ).................
116.4
M otor vehicle parts a n d equipm ent................
104
M otor vehicle m aintenance and re p air....
185
Public transportation............................
106.
105 .Î
106.7
191."
191.«
191.4
2 02 . f
M edical c a re ..........................
M e dical c a re com m odities....................
251.1
M edical c a re services..................
2003
Aug.
2 5 2 .C
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Apr.
May
June
141.«
141.-
140.
140 .,
140.'
139.-
139.1
1 38 .4
149.-
149 .:
149.,
149.2
149.:
149 .:
148.-
148.1
124.6
120.C
126.
140.6
148 ..
140.6
131.«
1 3 0 .4
121.1
122.
124.9
121 .:
121.«
1 24 .r
124.2
1 19 .4
126.
140.:
147.6
140.2
130.«
107.C
1 29 .8
106.-
106.:
106.6
106 .:
107.
107.«
107.2
107.1
107.
107.2
192.«
192.9
193 .:
194 .:
195.C
1 9 5 .'
196.2
196.C
196.:
196.«
1 96.8
204.«
2 01 .
199.2
198.6
199 .:
198.1
199.6
2 02 . C
203.C
208.6
2 1 0 .8
286.5
2 8 6 .'
2 8 8 .:
289.6
290.6
291.6
293.C
293.«
293.7
294.6
2 9 5 .5
252.C
252.6
252.6
253.6
254.C
254.6
255.1
256.1
256.2
256.4
2 5 6 .7
294.6
294.9
296.9
2 78.5
292.5
298.4
Professional services ..................
299.5
300.6
?48 7
302.3
302.7
303.C
256.C
304.1
305.1
256.9
256.6
258.2
2 58.7
Hospital a n d related services..............
2 59.2
3 3 3 ft
260.C
2 61.0
261.3
261.9
363.2
360.6
263 .2
363.2
2 6 3 .5
367.1
368.9
372.6
376.7
379.1
382.2
3 84.8
385.3
384.9
103.6
385.C
388.1
104.6
104.6
104.6
104 7
104.4
194.6
105.1
105.4
105.4
105.4
105.5
1 05 .5
103.0
102.9
103.0
103.0
1 0 2 .9
R e creatio n 2.........................
V id eo and a u d io 1'2................
Education a n d com m unication2.........
Education2..................................
100.9
102.0
102.2
101.8
101.6
101.4
101.8
102.2
1 05.3
107.6
106.7
107.4
108.6
109 1
109.0
108.8
108.8
109.2
1 09.2
108.9
108.4
108.0
1 07 .8
124.8
129.6
129.7
1 29.7
130.3
130.7
130.8
130.9
131.1
1 31.8
118.7
125.9
124.4
Educational books a n d supplies...........
2 9 9 .9
3 18 .5
3 18 .2
Tuition, other school fe es, and child c a re ....
3 34 .7
3 5 4 .8
3 5 0 .3
9 4.5
9 3.7
93.1
9 2 .4
C o m m unication1,2................
Inform ation and information processing1,2
T ele p h o n e services1,2....................
9 3 .8
9 2 .7
126.9
129.3
3 2 0 .4
323 .9
3 24 .2
3 2 5 .0
3 24 .5
3 30 .6
3 3 3 .6
3 3 3 .9
3 3 3 .4
3 3 3 .6
3 3 5 .5
3 5 1 .4
3 5 7 .7
3 64 .9
3 6 5 .7
3 6 6 .0
3 6 6 .0
3 67 .2
3 6 8 .0
3 68 .2
3 6 8 .8
93.9
3 6 9 .3
371.1
9 4.6
93 9
9 3.6
9 3 .3
t/O.0
9 3 .4
92.8
9 2 .0
9 1 .3
9 0 .7
9 2 .7
9 3 .4
9 2.4
9 2 .4
9 2 .0
9 3 .0
9 2.3
92.2
9 1 .6
9 0 .7
9 0 .0
8 9 .6
100.1
100.1
1 00.7
100.7
9 9.9
9 8 .9
9 8 .3
9 7 .7
18.3
17.9
17.8
17 7
17.5
17.4
1 7.4
1 7 .0
16.8
9 9 .4
9 9.9
9 9 .3
9 9.7
1 00.8
100.3
22.1
19.0
19.1
19.1
18.9
18.5
29.1
2 1.8
2 2 .3
22.1
2 1 .7
2 0 .8
19.7
19.3
19.1
18.6
18.6
18.5
0 U0 .J
17.8
16.9
3 0 6 .0
3 07 .8
3 0 4 .9
3 0 6 .0
305.1
3 0 5 .6
3 0 6 .4
3 0 5 .6
3 0 6 .4
4 8 0 .7
3 0 6 .0
4 8 8 .4
3 0 6 .0
473.1
4 7 2 .8
4 7 4 .3
4 7 4 .3
4 7 4 .8
469.1
4 6 9 .8
4 6 4 .8
4 6 4 .8
1 74.9
174.7
175.2
1 75.7
176.1
176 .7
1 76.9
177 .2
154.8
1 54.0
153 .8
154 .6
154.2
1 5 4 .4
Inform ation a n d information processing
o ther than telep h o n e services1,4..............
P ersonal com puters and peripheral
e q u ip m en t1,2.............................
O th e r goods a n d services.....................
2 8 9 .5
3 0 2 .0
3 0 3 .5
T o b a cc o and sm oking products........
426.1
4 6 3 .2
4 6 8 .7
P ersonal c a r e 1.............................
170.3
174 1
174 .4
174.4
P ersonal care products1...................
1 55.7
155.5
1 56.2
155.3
155.1
155.2
155 .0
154.2
P ersonal c are serv ice s 1.................
184.9
189.1
1 89.0
189.4
189.8
1 90.0
1 90.6
190.7
M iscellaneous personal services......
189.1
1 91.6
192.4
2 6 2 .8
1 93.2
2 7 4 .0
274.1
193 .6
2 7 4 .7
1 93 .5
2 7 5 .2
2 7 4 .9
2 7 5 .9
2 7 6 .6
2 7 6 .7
2 7 7 .9
2 7 9 .9
281.1
2 8 1 .6
2 8 2 .4
2 8 3 .9
151.0
151.4
1 51 .3
1 50.3
150.7
152.8
154 .0
1 53 .0
175.9
1 51 .6
176.2
151.1
176.3
1 76.6
177.1
177 .4
178.3
178.5
1 78.3
1 78.7
1 79 .5
1 39.6
1 38 ..2
136.0
1 35 .0
Com m odity a n d service group:
C om m odities.................................
151.4
Food and b e v e ra g e s .....................
1 73.0
176.1
C om m odities less food a n d be ve rag es ........
138 7
135 .5
1 35.9
135.2
135.6
136.4
136 .9
1 36 .5
135 .0
1 35.5
138 .0
149.0
1 47.0
147 .8
146.5
147.7
1 49.4
159.6
150.2
1 47.3
148 .3
1 53.8
1 57.3
154 .8
151.1
1 49 .6
119.6
123 .5
12Ò.5
124 .6
1 20.9
117 .3
1 19.4
1 22.5
122 .8
1 21.5
1 18 .7
N ondu rables less food and b e ve rag es ...........
A p p a r e l.................................
126.1
Nondu rables less food, b e verages,
and a p p a re l...........................................
D u ra b les.......................................
S erv ic e s ................................
166.3
168.5
169.1
169.7
1 69.6
167.2
171.0
178.7
182.6
1 25.3
1 78.3
173 .0
1 72 .3
121 .3
121.1
121 .0
1 20.6
1 20.4
120.1
119 .9
1 19.8
119 .4
1 18.8
1 18 .3
2 0 7 .3
2 0 7 .6
2 0 7 .8
208.1
2 0 8 .3
2 0 9 .4
2 10 .2
2 1 1 .2
2 1 1 .3
2 1 2 .0
2 1 2 .9
1 96.2
196.3
197.3
197.9
198.3
1 98.3
1 98.8
1 98 .9
199.6
R ent of shelter3...........................
1 87.3
194.5
1 94.3
Transporatation s ervices...........................
199.1
2 0 7 .7
2 0 7 .3
2 3 3 .7
2 4 1 .6
O th e r s ervices...............................
194.8
195.5
2 0 8 .6
2 0 8 .8
2 1 0 .0
2 1 1 .4
2 1 1 .7
2 1 2 .2
2 1 3 .2
2 1 3 .9
2 1 5 .0
216.1
2 1 6 .7
2 4 3 .4
244.1
2 4 4 .6
2 4 4 .8
245.1
2 4 6 .2
247.1
2 4 7 .0
2 4 6 .8
2 4 6 .8
2 4 7 .2
176.7
177.1
177.5
177 .5
177.0
1 77.7
179.3
180.6
1 80.0
1 79 .5
1 79 .5
1 69.7
171.5
172.9
172 .2
171 .4
1 71 .7
S pecial indexes:
All item s less fo o d .....................
173.6
All item s less shelter..................
167 .6
168 .3
All item s less m edical c a re .......
169.1
171.1
1 71.2
C om m odities less fo o d.............
140.2
1 37.3
1 37 .6
Nondu rables less food....................
1 50.8
149.2
166.1
Nondu rables less food and a p p are l...
1 66.7
N o n d u rab les.............................
161.4
Services less rent of shelter3..........
188.5
193.1
1 93 2
S ervices less m edical care s ervices.........
193.1
198.9
1 98.9
E n erg y.....................................
128.7
All item s less e n e rg y ...................
179 .8
All Item s less food and e n e rg y .......
Com m odities less food and energy .......
Energy com m odities...........................
Services less e n e rg y ..........................
1 68.0
194.1
1 99.6
183.6
168.9
169.5
169.7
1 69 .7
169.1
171 .8
172.2
172.5
1 72.5
172.1
1 72.7
174.2
1 75.4
174 .8
1 74 .4
137 .4
1 7 4 .5
138.1
138.6
138 .3
136.8
137.1
139.7
141.4
1 40 .0
1 37.9
1 36 .9
1 49.8
151.5
1 52.6
152 .3
149.6
150 .5
155.8
159.2
1 56 .8
1 53.2
1 5 1 .8
169.2
169.6
179.3
170.2
168.0
171.6
178.7
1 82.3
1 78 .4
1 73.5
162.2
1 7 2 .8
163.2
163 .9
1 63 .9
162 .6
163.2
166.5
168.5
167.1
165 .3
1 64 .9
194.9
195.3
1 95.6
195.9
196.9
1 97.9
1 99.5
199 .7
2 0 0 .4
2 0 2 .2
2 0 0 .4
2 0 0 .6
2 0 0 .7
2 0 0 .9
201.1
202.1
2 0 2 .9
2 0 4 .0
2 0 4 .0
1 25.0
2 0 4 .7
125.3
2 0 5 .2
125.2
124 .8
122 .6
1 26.9
135.1
142.2
1 37.7
133 .2
1 35 .6
183.8
1 84.3
184.7
1 84.8
184.6
184.8
185.5
185.9
1 85 .8
185 .9
1 85 .9
186.9
1 87.0
1 86.7
1 86.9
187 .5
1 88.0
188 .0
188 .0
1 87 .7
181.7
185.6
1 85.3
185 .4
186 .0
186.5
146.1
1 44.4
144 .2
143.2
143.7
1 44.4
144.5
144.1
143.1
142 .2
142.6
143.1
1 43 .0
120 .5
142.2
121.2
1 21.8
1 41 .3
122.2
125.1
1 25.2
1 20.7
127 .6
142.1
150 .0
1 41.7
2 1 3 .3 |
2 1 4 .3
1 32.3
215.1
1 31 .0
2 1 5 .4
216.1
2 1 6 .5
2 1 6 .7
2 1 7 .7
2 1 8 .5
2 1 8 .8
2 1 9 .0
2 1 9 .6
2 1 9 .8
125.3
17.3
2 0 6 .0
2 1 3 .9
Not seasonal|y adju sted.
4 indexes on a D ecem ber 198 8 - 100 base.
2 In d exes on a D e ce m b e r 1 9 9 7 = 100 base.
Dash indicates data not available.
3 In d exes on a D e c e m b e r 198 2 - 100 base.
NoTE: lndex applied to a month as a whole, not to any specific date.
98
Mar.
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
33.
Consumer Price Index: U.S. city average and available local area data: all items
[1982-84 = 100, unless otherwise indicated]
Pricing
All Urban Consumers
sched-
2003
ule1
Feb.
Jan.
2003
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
June
May
Apr.
Mar.
Urban Wage Earners
June
May
1 8 3 .7
1 7 7 .7
1 7 9 .2
1 8 0 .3
1 7 9 .8
1 7 9 .4
1 7 9 .6
M
1 8 1 .7
1 83.1
1 8 4 .2
1 8 3 .8
1 8 3 .5
N o r th e a s t u r b a n .........................................................................................
M
1 9 0 .5
1 9 1 .7
1 9 3 .0
1 9 2 .6
1 9 2 .7
1 9 2 .8
1 8 7 .2
1 8 8 .6
1 8 9 .8
1 8 9 .4
1 8 9 .2
1 8 9 .2
S iz e A — M o r e th a n 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 .......................................................
M
1 9 2 .2
1 9 3 .5
1 9 4 .6
1 9 4 .4
1 9 4 .6
1 9 4 .9
1 8 7 .7
1 89 .1
1 9 0 .0
1 8 9 .8
1 8 9 .8
1 9 0 .0
1 13.1
1 1 3 .8
1 1 5 .0
1 1 4 .4
1 1 4 .2
1 1 3 .9
1 1 3 .2
1 1 4 .0
1 1 5 .2
1 1 4 .5
1 1 4 .2
1 1 3 .9
5 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 .5 0 0 .0 0 0 3 .................................................
4
M id w e s t u rb a n ...........................................................................................
M
M
1 7 6 .2
1 7 7 .8
1 7 8 .6
1 7 7 .8
1 7 7 .7
1 7 8 .4
1 7 1 .8
1 7 3 .3
1 74.1
1 73 .1
1 7 2 .9
1 7 3 .7
S iz e A— M o r e th a n 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 .......................................................
M
1 7 8 .2
1 8 0 .0
1 8 0 .7
1 7 9 .7
1 7 9 .7
1 8 0 .7
1 7 2 .9
1 7 4 .6
1 7 5 .4
1 7 4 .3
1 7 4 .2
1 7 5 .1
M
1 1 2 .0
1 1 2 .8
1 1 3 .6
1 1 3 .2
1 1 3 .0
1 1 3 .2
1 1 1 .7
1 1 2 .5
1 13 .1
1 1 2 .6
1 1 2 .4
1 1 2 .7
S iz e D— N o n m e tro p o lita n (le ss th a n 5 0 ,0 0 0 ) ........................
M
1 7 0 .7
1 7 2 .5
1 7 3 .0
1 7 1 .7
1 7 1 .7
1 7 2 .6
1 6 8 .4
1 70 .1
1 7 0 .6
1 6 9 .3
1 6 9 .3
1 7 0 .1
S o u th u r b a n ................................................................................................
M
1 75.1
1 7 6 .4
1 7 7 .5
1 7 7 .4
1 7 6 .8
1 7 7 .2
1 7 2 .5
1 7 3 .9
1 7 5 .0
1 7 4 .7
1 7 4 .0
1 7 4 .3
S iz e A — M o r e th a n 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 .......................................................
M
1 7 6 .7
1 7 8 .3
1 79.1
1 7 8 .9
1 7 8 .6
1 7 9 .0
1 7 4 .0
1 7 5 .7
1 7 6 .5
1 7 6 .3
1 7 5 .7
1 7 6 .2
M
1 1 1 .7
1 1 2 .5
1 1 3 .3
1 1 3 .3
1 1 2 .8
1 13 .1
1 1 0 .9
1 1 1 .7
1 1 2 .5
1 1 2 .3
1 1 1 .8
1 1 2 .0
S iz e D— N o n m e tro p o lita n (le s s th a n 5 0 ,0 0 0 ) .........................
M
1 7 3 .2
1 7 4 .8
1 7 5 .4
1 7 5 .5
1 7 4 .7
1 7 4 .9
1 7 3 .2
1 7 4 .8
1 7 5 .7
1 7 5 .4
1 7 4 .6
1 7 4 .8
W e s t u r b a n ..................................................................................................
M
1 8 6 .6
188 .1
1 8 9 .3
1 8 8 .8
1 8 8 .5
1 88.1
1 8 1 .5
1 8 3 .2
1 8 4 .7
1 8 4 .2
1 8 3 .8
1 8 3 .3
S iz e A — M o r e th a n 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 .......................................................
M
1 8 9 .2
1 9 0 .9
1 92.1
1 9 1 .7
1 9 1 .2
1 9 0 .9
1 8 2 .5
1 8 4 .4
1 8 5 .9
1 8 5 .4
1 8 5 .0
1 8 4 .5
M
1 1 3 .8
1 1 4 .5
1 1 5 .4
1 1 4 .9
1 1 4 .7
1 1 4 .4
1 1 3 .2
1 1 4 .0
1 15 .1
1 1 4 .7
1 1 4 .4
1 1 4 .1
U .S . city a v e r a g e ..............................................................................
Region and area size2
S iz e B /C
S iz e B /C
S iz e B /C
S iz e B /C
5 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 .................................................
5 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 .................................................
5 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 .5 0 0 .0 0 0 3 .................................................
S iz e c la s s e s :
.5
A .................................................................................................................
B /C ............................................................................................................
D
.........................................................................................
M
166 .1
1 6 7 .5
1 6 8 .4
1 6 8 .0
1 6 7 .9
1 6 8 .2
1 6 4 .3
1 6 5 .8
1 6 6 .8
1 6 6 .3
1 66 .1
1 6 6 .3
M
1 1 2 .3
1 13 .1
1 1 4 .0
1 1 3 .7
1 1 3 .4
1 1 3 .4
1 1 1 .8
1 1 2 .6
1 1 3 .5
1 13 .1
1 1 2 .7
1 1 2 .8
M
1 7 4 .6
1 7 6 .0
1 7 6 .9
1 7 6 .3
1 76.1
1 7 6 .4
1 7 3 .2
1 7 4 .7
1 7 5 .6
1 7 4 .9
1 7 4 .5
1 7 4 .9
1 7 8 .0
Selected local areas6
M
1 8 2 .7
1 84.1
1 8 4 .8
1 8 3 .4
1 8 3 .4
1 84 .1
1 7 6 .4
1 78.1
1 7 9 .0
1 7 7 .4
1 7 7 .3
L o s A n g e l e s - R iv e r s id e -O r a n g e C o u n ty , C A .............................
M
1 8 5 .2
1 8 6 .5
1 8 8 .2
1 8 7 .6
1 8 6 .4
1 8 6 .3
1 7 7 .8
1 7 9 .6
1 8 1 .6
1 8 0 .9
1 7 9 .9
1 7 9 .6
N e w Y o rk , N Y - N o r t h e r n N J -L o n g Isla n d , N Y - N J - C T - P A .
M
1 9 4 .7
1 9 6 .2
197 .1
1 9 6 .7
1 9 6 .8
1 9 6 .9
1 8 9 .7
1 9 1 .3
192 .1
1 9 1 .8
1 9 1 .7
1 9 1 .9
2 0 1 .8
B o s to n - B r o c k to n -N a s h u a , M A - N H - M E - C T .............................
1
1 9 9 .8
-
2 0 2 .8
-
2 0 2 .3
-
1 9 9 .3
-
2 0 2 .3
-
C le v e la n d - A k r o n , O H .............................................................................
1
1 7 3 .5
-
1 7 5 .4
-
175 .1
-
1 6 5 .3
-
1 67 .1
-
1 6 6 .3
“
D a l la s - F t W o rth , T X ................................................................................
1
1 7 4 .0
-
1 7 6 .8
-
1 7 6 .9
-
1 7 3 .3
-
1 7 6 .5
“
1 7 6 .4
“
1
1 1 4 .6
-
1 1 5 .9
-
1 1 5 .7
-
1 14 .1
1 1 5 .5
“
1 1 5 .1
A tla n ta , G A ...................................................................................................
2
-
1 82.1
1 8 1 .5
-
1 78 .1
1 7 9 .2
-
W a s h in q to n -B a ltlm o r e , D C - M D - V A - W V 7 .................................
1 8 0 .7
-
”
1 7 9 .7
1 7 6 .7
D e tr o it- A n n A r b o r -F lin t, M l ................................................................
2
1 8 2 .4
1 8 2 .2
1 8 2 .8
1 7 6 .8
1 7 6 .4
H o u s to n - G a lv e s to n - B r a z o r ia , T X ...................................................
2
164
1 6 2 .5
1 6 2 .5
1 6 1 .7
1 6 0 .9
1 6 0 .7
M ia m i- F t . L a u d e rd a le , F L ....................................................................
2
1 8 0 .3
1 8 0 .6
1 7 9 .4
1 78
1 7 8 .4
1 7 6 .8
P h ila d e lp h ia -W ilm in g to n -A tla n tic C ity , P A - N J - D E - M D . . . .
2
1 8 6 .6
1 8 7 .2
1 8 9 .7
1 8 5 .9
1 8 6 .3
1 8 7 .8
S a n F r a n c is c o - O a k la n d - S a n J o s e , C A ......................................
2
-
1 9 7 .7
1 9 7 .3
1 9 6 .3
1 9 3 .7
1 9 3 .6
1 9 2 .2
2
- I
1 9 1 .3
1 9 2 .3
1 9 1 .7
1 8 6 .2
1 87
1 8 5 .7
|
I
-
-
C in c in n a ti,
O H - K Y - IN ;
Kansas
C ity,
M O -K S ;
M ilw a u k e e -R a c in e ,
W l;
1
F o o d s , fu e ls , a n d s e v e ra l o th e r Ite m s p rice d e v e ry m o n th in all a re a s ; m o s t o th e r A K;
M in n e a p o lis -S t. P a u l, M N - W I; P ittsburgh, PA; P o r t-la n d -S a le m , O R - W A ; S t L ouis,
g o o d s a n d s e rv ic e s p rice d a s in d icated :
M O - IL ; S a n D ie g o , C A ; T a m p a - S t . P e te rs b u rg -C le a rw a te r, F L .
M — E v e ry m o n th .
7 In d e x e s on a N o v e m b e r 1 9 9 6 = 1 0 0 b a s e .
1— J a n u a r y , M a rc h , M a y , July, S e p te m b e r, a n d N o v e m b e r.
2—
NO TE:
F e b ru a ry , A pril, J u n e , A u g u s t, O c to b e r, a n d D e c e m b e r.
L o cal a r e a C P I In d e x e s a re b y p ro d u c ts o f th e n a tio n a l C P I p ro g ra m .
E a c h lo cal
in d e x h a s a s m a lle r s a m p le s ize a n d is, th e re fo re , s u b je c t to su b stan tia lly m o re s a m p lin g
2 R e g io n s d e fin e d a s th e fo u r C e n s u s reg io n s.
a n d o th e r m e a s u re m e n t erro r. A s a result, local a r e a in d e x e s s h o w g re a te r vo la tility th a n
3 In d e x e s o n a D e c e m b e r 1 9 9 6 = 1 0 0 b a s e .
4 T h e "N o rth C e n tra l" re g io n h a s b e e n re n a m e d th e "M id w est" reg io n by th e C e n s u s
th e n a tio n a l in d e x, alth o u g h th e ir lo n g -te rm tre n d s a re sim ilar.
T h e re fo re , th e B u re a u of
L a b o r S tatistics stro n g ly u rg e s u s ers to c o n s id e r a d o p tin g th e n a tio n a l a v e r a g e C P I fo r
B u re a u . It is c o m p o s e d of th e s a m e g e o g ra p h ic entities.
u s e in th e ir e s c a la to r c la u s e s .
5 in d e x e s o n a D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 6 = 1 0 0 b a s e .
In d e x a p p lie s to a m o n th a s a w h o le , n o t to a n y sp ec ific
d a te .
6 In a d d itio n , th e fo llo w in g m e tro p o lita n a re a s a re p u b lish ed s e m ia n n u a lly a n d a p p e a r in
ta b le s 3 4 a n d 3 9 o f th e J a n u a ry a n d Ju ly iss u e s of th e C P I D e t a i l e d R e p o r t :
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A n c h o ra g e ,
D a s h in d ica te s d a ta not a v a ila b le .
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
99
Current Labor Statistics:
34.
Price Data
Annual data: Consumer Price Index, U.S. city average, all items and major groups
[1982-64 « 100]
1993
Series
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
C o n s u m e r P ric e In d e x fo r All U rb a n C o n s u m e rs:
All ite m s:
In d e x ...............................................................................................
1 4 4 .5
1 4 8 .2
1 5 2 .4
1 5 6 .9
1 6 0 .5
1 6 3 .0
1 6 6 .6
1 7 2 .2
1 77 .1
1 7 9 .9
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
3 .0
2 .6
2 .8
3 .0
2 .3
1 .6
2 .2
3 .4
2 .8
1 .6
In d e x ................................................................................................
1 4 1 .6
1 4 4 .9
1 4 8 .9
1 5 3 .7
1 5 7 .7
1 61 .1
1 6 4 .6
1 6 8 .4
1 7 3 .6
1 7 6 .8
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
2.1
2 .3
2 .8
3 .2
2 .6
2 .2
2 .2
2 .3
3.1
1 .8
In d e x ...............................................................................................
1 4 1 .2
1 4 4 .8
1 4 8 .5
1 5 2 .8
1 5 6 .8
1 6 0 .4
1 6 3 .9
1 6 9 .6
1 7 6 .4
1 8 0 .3
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
2 .7
2 .5
2 .6
2 .9
2 .6
2 .3
2 .2
3 .5
4 .0
2 .2
In d e x ...............................................................................................
1 3 3 .7
1 3 3 .4
1 3 2 .0
1 3 1 .7
1 3 2 .9
1 3 3 .0
1 3 1 .3
1 2 9 .6
1 2 7 .3
1 2 4 .0
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
1 .4
-.2
-1 .0
-.2
.9
.1
-1 .3
-1 .3
-1 .8
-2 .6
In d e x ...............................................................................................
1 3 0 .4
1 3 4 .3
1 39 .1
1 4 3 .0
1 4 4 .3
1 4 1 .6
1 4 4 .4
1 5 3 .3
1 5 4 .3
1 5 2 .9
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
3.1
3 .0
3 .6
2 .8
0 .9
-1 .9
2 .0
6 .2
0 .7
-.9
In d e x ................................................................................................
2 0 1 .4
2 1 1 .0
2 2 0 .5
2 2 8 .2
2 3 4 .6
2 4 2 .1
2 5 0 .6
2 6 0 .8
2 7 2 .8
2 8 5 .6
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
5 .9
4 .8
4 .5
3 .5
2 .8
3 .2
3 .5
4.1
4 .6
4 .7
In d e x ................................................................................................
1 9 2 .9
1 9 8 .5
2 0 6 .9
2 1 5 .4
2 2 4 .8
2 3 7 .7
2 5 8 .3
2 7 1 .1
2 8 2 .6
2 9 3 .2
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
5 .2
2 .9
4 .2
4.1
4 .4
5 .7
8 .7
5 .0
4 .2
3 .8
In d e x ...............................................................................................
1 42.1
1 4 5 .6
1 4 9 .8
1 54 .1
1 5 7 .6
1 5 9 .7
1 6 3 .2
1 6 8 .9
1 7 3 .5
1 7 5 .9
P e r c e n t c h a n g e .........................................................................
2 .8
2 .5
2 .9
2 .9
2 .3
1 .3
2 .2
3 .5
2 .7
1 .4
F o o d a n d b e v e ra g e s :
H o u s in g :
A p p a re l:
T ra n s p o rta tio n :
M e d ic a l c a re :
O th e r g o o d s a n d s erv ic e s :
C o n s u m e r P ric e In d e x fo r U rb a n W a g e E a rn e rs
a n d C le ric a l W o rk e rs :
All item s:
100
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
35. Producer Price Indexes, by stage of processing
[ 1 9 8 2 = 1 0 0 ]______________________
Grouping
2001
2002
2003
2002
Annual average
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Mayp Junep
Finished goods............................
140.7
138.8
1 39.0
138.8
138 .8
139.1
140.7
139 .7
1 39.0
140 .8
1 42.3
1 44.2
142.1
142.1
143.1
Finished c onsum er goods...........
1 41.5
1 39.4
139.6
139.6
139.6
1 40.0
141 .6
1 40.4
1 39.6
141.9
1 44.0
1 46 .3
143 .8
1 4 3 .6
145.1
142 .3
1 42 .8
144 .0
144 .5
145 .3
139.2
139.2
1 39.5
1 42.0
140.2
142.2
140 .5
139 .3
1 41.6
1 44.4
1 4 7 .4
1 43.5
1 42 .9
1 44 .7
142.8
1 43.8
1 42.0
140.6
1 43.8
1 47.9
1 51 .7
1 46 .9
146.1
1 49 .0
131.1
134.8
1 33.6
1 32.8
133.2
133.1
1 34 .4
132 .5
132 .6
1 31 .8
139.2
1 39 .9
139.1
1 3 9 .4
139 .0
131.1
1 33 .5
1 36.2
1 33.0
1 32 .5
1 3 3 .4
127.2
127 .9
1 29.5
130.1
1 29 .4
129 .2
1 29 .6
126.9
1 28.9
129 .6
1 29 .0
1 29 .6
1 3 0 .8
1 34 .4
1 37 .0
1 39.3
138.7
139.1
139 .3
141.0
141 .5
131 .5
1 31.0
141 .3
140.0
139 .4
1 39.8
Finshed consum er goods
excluding fo o d s..........................
1 41.4
138 .8
1 39.3
N ondu rable goods less food..
1 42.8
139.8
140.6
D urable goods............................
1 33.9
1 33.0
132 .8
C apital e q u ip m en t.......................
139.7
139.1
139.0
138.4
138.2
138.3
139 .9
139.5
139.1
139 .3
Intermediate materials,
supplies, and components....................
128 .7
127 .8
127.7
128.1
128 .4
129.3
1 29.7
129.7
1 29.4
M a te rials a n d com ponents
for m anufacturing...........................................
1 27.4
126.1
125.9
126.3
126.5
126.9
127 .4
127.6
M a te rials for food m anufacturing..............
124.3
123.2
122.1
1 22.7
123.1
1 23.9
124.3
1 25.0
M a te rials for nondurable m anufacturing.
131 .8
129.2
Finished consum er foods..........
128.8
129.7
130.3
131 .5
1 32.9
132.8
131 .4
1 33 .4
138.1
140.1
1 37.6
1 36 .6
1 26 .9
1 26 .7
1 26 .9
1 27 .3
M a te rials for durable m anufacturing........
125 .2
124.7
124.7
125.3
125 .3
125 .9
125.9
126 .3
126.2
126.1
1 26.8
C o m p o n e n ts for m anufacturing.................
1 26.3
126.1
126.1
126.0
125.9
125.9
125.8
126.0
125.9
1 25.8
1 25.8
1 2 6 .0
126 .0
126.1
1 25 .9
M a terials and com ponents
for construction ..............................................
1 50.6
1 51.3
151.5
151.7
152.1
152.1
151.7
151.2
151.1
1 51 .4
152.1
1 52 .3
1 52.9
1 53 .0
153 .2
Processed fuels and lubricants...................
104.5
9 6 .3
9 6 .4
9 7.3
9 7 .6
100 .6
101.6
101.2
100 .9
1 06.9
113 .6
1 24 .8
110.8
108.1
1 11 .5
C o n tain e rs ...........................................................
153.1
152.1
151.3
151 .4
1 51.5
152.5
1 53.3
153 .4
153.2
1 53.4
153 .7
1 53 .8
1 54 .0
1 54 .2
1 53 .9
138 .6
138 .9
138.7
139.1
139 .3
1 39.6
139.5
139 .6
1 39.6
140.1
140.7
1 41.3
1 41 .5
1 41 .4
S u p p lies ..............................................................
1 41 .2
Crude materials for further
121 .3
108.1
105.7
106.8
108.7
1 10.9
1 12.6
116.1
118.1
1 27.3
134 .0
152.2
128 .0
130 .9
1 36 .8
Foodstuffs and feedstuffs..
106.2
9 9.5
9 6.8
98.0
9 9.7
100.7
9 9 .9
9 9 .4
100 .5
1 05.6
1 06 .3
1 05.7
1 07 .0
110 .7
110.0
C ru d e nonfood m aterials...
127 .3
111 .4
109.2
110.2
112.1
115 .4
119.0
125 .3
128.2
1 40.4
1 51.7
1 84 .4
1 40.6
1 4 2 .7
1 53 .7
Finished goods, excluding foods...............
140.4
1 38.3
138.6
138.3
1 38.4
1 39.0
140.8
1 39.6
1 38.7
140 .3
142.1
1 44 .3
141 .5
1 41 .2
1 42 .2
Finished en erg y go o ds ................................
96.8
88.8
8 9 .8
9 0.5
9 1 .3
9 3.0
9 4 .5
91.3
9 0.7
9 5 .3
1 01.7
1 07 .4
100.0
9 8 .9
1 0 3 .5
Finished goods less en erg y ........................
147.5
1 47.3
1 47.3
146.7
1 46.5
146 .4
147.9
1 47.6
147.0
1 47.9
147 .9
1 48 .6
148.2
1 4 8 .4
1 48 .3
Finished consum er goods less energy...
150.8
152.1
1 52 .3
1 5 2 .3
processing..
Special groupings:
1 50.8
150.7
150.3
1 50.0
149.9
1 51.3
1 51.0
150.2
1 51.5
151 .6
1 52 .3
150 .3
1 51.0
1 51 .0
1 50.0
150.1
1 49 .7
157.7
157.6
1 58 .4
157 .4
1 57 .3
1 57 .0
Finished goods less food and e nergy.....
150 .0
150.2
150.2
149.5
149.3
149.5
1 51.3
150 .9
1 49.9
Finished c o nsum er goods less food
a n d e n e rg y .....................................................
1 56.9
1 57.6
1 57.8
157.1
156.8
157.1
159.1
158.6
157.2
C o n s u m e r nondurable goods less food
a n d e n e rg y ..................................................
175.1
177 .5
178 .0
177.9
1 77.9
178.3
1 78.5
178.9
176.7
1 77.7
In term ediate m aterials less foods
and fe e d s .............................................
1 30.5
1 28.5
128 .4
128 .8
129.0
1 30.0
1 30 .4
1 30.3
1 30.0
131.7
134.2
1 37 .0
133 .7
133.1
1 33 .9
In term ed iate foods and fe e d s .........
1 15.9
1 15.5
114.2
115 .8
1 16.8
1 18.0
117 .4
1 17.5
1 18.8
1 20 .4
121.2
121.0
125.1
Interm ediate energy goods..............
104.1
95.9
9 6.2
9 6.7
9 7 .0
100 .4
101 .6
1 01.0
100.0
105.8
1 24.2
121.2
110.1
1 22 .7
1 13.2
107.1
1 1 0 .5
Interm ediate goods less e nergy .....
135.1
1 34.5
1 34.4
1 34.8
1 35.0
135 .3
1 35 .4
1 35.5
135 .5
136.1
137.1
1 37 .6
1 37.3
1 37 .4
1 3 7 .6
Interm ediate m aterials less foods
a n d e n e rg y ..........................................
136 .4
135 .8
135.7
136.0
136.2
1 36.5
1 36.6
136.7
1 36.6
137.1
138.1
1 38 .7
1 38.4
1 38 .4
1 38 .5
120.0
1 24.0
140.1
1 53 .9
200.2
138 .8
1 42 .6
1 5 7 .9
C ru d e en erg y m aterials..............................
1 22.8
1 02.0
9 7.8
98.1
101 .2
1 05.9
111 .3
C ru d e m aterials less en erg y .....................
1 12.2
1 08.7
107 .4
108.9
1 10.0
110.6
109.9
1 09.8
110.5
115.1
116 .9
1 16 .5
117 .0
1 19 .2
1 18 .9
C ru d e nonfood m aterials less energy....
130.6
1 35.7
138 .6
1 41.0
1 40.3
140.0
1 39.3
1 39.8
139.9
1 43.0
148 .3
148.1
146 .7
1 4 4 .8
1 4 5 .4
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
101
Current Labor Statistics:
36.
Price Data
Producer Price Indexes for the net output of major industry groups
[D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 4 = 100, unless otherw ise indicated]
SIC
Annual average
Industry
2001
-
M etal m ining..........................
12
C o a l mining (1 2 /8 5 = 1 00 )..........
14
91 3
Oil a n d g as extraction (1 2 /8 5 = 100)....
127 .5
20
1 07.0
101 .7
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
3O.0
9 5 .9
100.1
104.5
110.5
113 .8
73.2
7 3.6
7 2.8
74.2
7 4 .5
yo.y
9 3 .4
9 2.8
9 3 .4
9 3.6
93.1
1 02.0
106.0
1 12.8
119.5
128.8
1 33.9
1^3 ?
141 n
Total manufacturing industries...................
2003
July
M ining and quarrying of nonmetallic
m inerals, except fuels...............
_
2002
June
Total mining industries............................
10
13
2002
134 fi
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
1 26 .0
1 37 .4
169.1
124.5
127.3
138 .3
7 8 .5
76.8
7 3.9
7 4.7
79.1
9 3 .2
9 3 .4
9 3.7
9 4.8
9 3 .8
94.1
152 .5
1 70.2
150 .2
154 .7
171 .3
78.0 .
2 2 0 .0
143.5
1 43.5
1 43.7
143.8
144 .2
1 44.9
1 45 .4
1 45.9
146 .3
1 46.4
146 .7
133 .7
135.0
1 35.6
1 34.6
1 34 .0
1 35 .7
137 .6
138.7
1 36.3
135 .8
136 .2
131.6
131.6
1 32.6
133 .9
1 34.5
134 .8
135.1
1 35 .7
137 .3
4 0 8 .6
4 0 9 .2
Food and kindred products......
13? fi
21
T o b a cc o m a nufactures.....................
386.1
4 0 1 .9
22
T extile mill products................
116 .9
115.8
115.8
115.7
23
115.5
1 15.6
A pparel and other finished products
115.6
115.8
116.1
1 15.3
115 .2
1 25.8
125.1
125.2
24
1 25.3
125.3
125.1
Lum ber a n d w ood products,
125.1
125.1
124 .8
1 24.7
1 24 .7
124 .9
156 .2
1 55.3
155.3
1 55.5
1 55.9
1 55.3
154 .6
154.1
1 54.2
1 54 .4
1 55.7
1 55.3
m a d e from fabrics and sim ilar m aterials.....
excep t furniture.......................
13^
4 08 .2
4 0 8 .6
Mayp Junep
131.3
4 0 8 .5
136.1
4 08 .5
3 8 0 .3
3 7 9 .7
3 7 9 .8
3 8 0 .9
115.1
3 7 5 .5
115.2
3 7 6 .4
376.1
1 14.8
115 .5
124 .9
1 24.8
1 24 .9
1 56.0
1 56.5
1 57 .3
25
Furniture and fixtures..........................
145.1
1 46.3
146.1
146.6
26
1 46.6
147.0
147.2
P ap e r a n d allied products....................
1 47.0
1 46.8
147 .0
1 46.2
147.1
143 .7
147.2
147.3
1 42.8
142 .9
147 .5
1 43.5
144.1
1 47 .5
144.6
145.1
1 44 .9
144 .8
1 44.9
1 44.9
145.1
1 45.2
1 4 5 .0
27
Printing, publishing, and allied industries.........
1 88 .7
1 93.0
192 .9
193.1
193.2
1 93.4
1 93.6
1 94.0
194.1
28
1 96 .4
196 .7
C h em icals and allied products.........
196 .7
1 97.0
1 58 .4
1 97.3
1 97 .2
1 57.3
157.0
29
158.5
158.6
158 .7
P etroleum refining and related products.....
1 59.5
159.7
1 59.3
1 60 .9
105 .3
1 62.3
98.8
165.2
1 66.7
9 8 .9
165 .5
165 .2
101.1
103.2
109.6
117.5
30
106.7
R ubber and m iscellaneous plastics products..
1 02.4
1 16 .5
1 25 .9
138.0
145.9
1 25.5
1 18.7
125.8
1 10.9
125.5
1 15 .4
31
125 .9
1 26.3
L eather and leath er products................
126.3
125.8
1 25.8
1 26.3
1 41.3
127 .2
141.1
128.1
140.9
129.1
1 41.4
1 29.4
141.9
1 29 .0
32
142.0
S tone, clay, glass, and concrete products......
141.8
142.1
1 42 .5
1 42.4
1 42 .4
1 36 .0
137.1
1 42.4
137.2
142 .7
137.0
142.8
137 .4
1 41 .8
33
Prim ary m etal industries....................
137 .6
1 37.4
137.3
137 .3
1 37.6
116.1
1 37.8
116.2
137 .7
116.3
138.1
1 16.9
117.1
138.1
117.9
1 37 .7
118 .0
1 18.3
118.1
1 17.9
1 18 .0
118 .0
1 17.8
1 18 .0
1 18 .3
34
Fabricated m etal products,
excep t m achinery a nd transportation
eq u ip m en t..................................
35
36
M achinery, excep t electrical.....................
1 31.0
131 .7
1 31.6
131.9
132.0
132.1
132.1
132 .0
132 .2
1 32 .4
1 32.5
1 32.7
132 .7
1 32.6
1 32 .7
1 18.0
117.2
117 .4
117.2
116.8
116 .8
1 16.8
1 16.6
1 16 .5
1 16 .5
1 16.2
116 .0
116.1
116 .2
1 16 .2
Electrical and electronic m achinery,
equipm ent, and supplies...............
37
T ra nsportation.............................
38
M easu rin g a n d controlling instruments;
107 .0
1 05.7
1 05.8
105 .5
105.5
1 05.4
105.1
1 05.0
1 04.3
1 04.2
1 37 .9
1 03.8
104.0
137.3
1 04.0
1 37.0
135.5
1 04.3
135 .0
1 03 .6
135.1
139 .4
138.3
1 37.6
138.1
138 .3
1 39.8
137 .5
1 37.5
1 3 6 .7
127 .3
128.5
128 .3
1 28.3
1 28.4
1 28.7
128 .8
128.8
1 28 .8
1 29 .4
1 29 .8
129.7
1 29.9
1 29 ..9
1 30 .0
1 32.4
133 .3
133.3
133 .4
1 33.4
133.5
1 33.6
133.5
1 33 .8
1 33 .7
1 34.0
133.8
133 .9
1 33.9
1 33 .9
photographic, m edical, and optical
goods; w atch e s a n d clocks.....................
39
M iscellaneous m anufacturing industries
industries (1 2 /8 5 = 1 0 0 )................
Service industries:
42
M otor freight transportation
123.1
124.5
43
125.1
125.5
U .S . Postal Service (0 6 /8 9 = 1 00 ).........
125.9
1 25.9
126 .5
143 .4
1 26.8
127 .3
150.2
1 27 .4
1 45.4
127 .3
44
155 .0
155.0
155.0
W a te r transportation (1 2 /9 2 = 1 0 0 )..............
155.0
1 55.0
1 55 .0
1 55 .0
155 .0
1 29.8
134.6
1 55.0
1 34.0
1 55.0
1 35.4
1 55.0
135 .3
1 55 .0
1 39.0
141.0
141.3
1 42.2
1 42 .9
140 .7
1 40.9
139 .9
1 47.9
1 47 .8
and w arehousing (0 6 /9 3 = 1 0 0 )...........
1 24.3
124.3
1 25.0
45
Transportatio n by air (1 2 /9 2 = 1 0 0 )..........
157.2
157.8
1 56.8
1 57.9
46
158.0
158.6
160.1
Pip elines, excep t natural qas (1 2 /9 2 = 1001....
159 .4
1 59 .8
1 61.4
110 .3
111.9
1 60.2
161 .8
111 .5
162.2
112.3
1 61.4
1 12.5
112 .5
112.7
112 .3 I
111 .8
1 10 .6 I
1 10 .6 I
111 .0
110.6
1 11 .8
102
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
1 2 7 .3
1 6 2 .4
I
1 11 .9
37.
Annual data: Producer Price Indexes, by stage of processing
[1982 = 100]
1993
In d e x
1994
1997
1996
1995
2000
1999
1998
2002
2001
Finished goods
1 2 4 .7
1 2 5 .5
1 2 7 .9
1 3 1 .3
1 3 1 .8
1 3 0 .7
1 3 3 .0
1 3 8 .0
1 4 0 .7
1 3 8 .8
1 2 5 .7
1 2 6 .8
1 2 9 .0
1 3 3 .6
1 3 4 .5
1 3 4 .3
1 35 .1
1 3 7 .2
1 4 1 .3
1 4 0 .0
7 8 .0
7 7 .0
7 8.1
8 3 .2
8 3 .4
7 5 .1
7 8 .8
9 4.1
9 6 .8
8 8 .8
1 3 5 .8
137.1
1 4 0 .0
1 4 2 .0
1 4 2 .4
1 4 3 .7
146 .1
1 4 8 .0
1 5 0 .0
1 5 0 .2
1 1 6 .2
1 1 8 .5
1 2 4 .9
1 2 5 .7
1 2 5 .6
1 2 3 .0
1 2 3 .2
1 2 9 .2
1 2 9 .7
1 2 7 .8
1 1 5 .6
1 1 8 .5
1 1 9 .5
1 2 5 .3
1 2 3 .2
1 2 3 .2
1 2 0 .8
1 1 9 .2
1 2 4 .3
1 2 3 .3
8 4 .6
8 3 .0
84.1
8 9 .8
8 9 .0
8 0 .8
8 4 .3
1 0 1 .7
1 04 .1
9 5 .9
1 3 6 .6
1 3 6 .4
1 3 5 .8
1 2 1 .3
1 0 8 .1
Intermediate materials, supplies, and
components
1 3 3 .5
133 .1
1 11 .1
9 6 .8
9 8 .2
1 2 0 .6
1 1 2 .2
1 0 3 .9
9 8 .7
1 0 0 .2
1 0 6 .2
1 22.1
1 2 2 .8
1 0 1 .8
1 1 8 .0
1 0 1 .8
1 0 0 .8
1 27.1
1 3 5 .2
1 3 4 .0
1 3 4 .2
1 0 2 .4
1 0 1 .8
1 0 2 .7
1 1 3 .8
1 0 8 .4
1 0 6 .5
1 0 5 .8
1 2 1 .5
1 2 3 .8
Crude materials for further processing
7 6 .7
O t h e r ...................................................................................................
38.
9 4.1
1 0 5 .7
1 0 5 .8
9 7 .0
7 8 .5
6 8 .6
8 7 .3
8 5 .0
6 9 .4
72.1
8 4 .5
1 0 3 .5
9 1 .1
9 9 .5
U.S. export price indexes by Standard International Trade Classification
[2000
=
100]
2003
2002
S IT C
Industry
R ev. 3
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
M ar.
Apr.
M ay
Jan.
Feb.
106.1
1 05.9
1 05 .5
108 .0
June
107 .5
0
F o o d a n d liv e a n im a ls ...................................................................
9 9 .8
101.1
1 03.4
107.7
106.4
1 06.7
1 05.8
105.6
01
M e a t and m eat preparations....................................................
90.0
8 7 .8
88.7
8 9.8
89.1
87.8
9 0.3
9 0.4
9 5 .4
9 6 .4
9 7 .9
101 .5
1 02 .9
04
C e rea ls and cereal preparations.............................................
106.5
112 .7
119.9
133.4
130 .5
131.7
126.3
123.0
1 23.2
122.2
1 20 .0
124 .2
1 18 .5
05
V eg etab les, fruit, and nuts, prepared fresh or dry.............
9 9.0
9 8.0
98.2
9 8.9
9 7.8
9 8 .9
9 8.3
100.6
9 7.4
95.1
96.0
9 6 .9
9 9 .6
9 8.5
9 9.8
101.0
1 02 .3
1 03 .6
1 03 .9
C ru d e m a te ria ls , in e d ib le , e x c e p t fu e ls .................................
95.3
9 9 .8
9 7.9
9 6.8
22
O ilseeds and oleaginous fruits.................................................
1 02.9
117.0
113 .5
9 7.3
114.1
9 8.3
107.2
116 .9
116.2
119.4
116.6
116 .6
1 18.9
104 .5
1 27 .4
24
C o rk a n d w o o d ..............................................................................
87.1
88.1
8 8.8
90.0
9 0.7
9 0.7
90.3
9 0 .9
91.1
9 1 .2
9 1 .3
9 1 .0
25
Pulp and w aste p ap er..................................................................
8 9.3
9 6 .5
8 9.6
86.5
8 8.5
8 7.8
85.2
8 2.6
8 6.4
8 8 .9
9 0.4
8 9 .9
90.1
106 .0
1 04.2
103 .2
2
1 22 .7
9 0 .4
26
Textile fibers and their w a s te ....................................................
8 8.6
9 4 .6
93.1
94.2
94.2
9 6.4
9 8 .3
100.2
101.6
1 05.0
28
M etalliferous ores and m etal scrap........................................
9 9.8
9 9 .6
9 7.9
9 3.9
94.1
9 1.8
9 6 .3
9 9 .6
104 .6
1 05 .8
1 07 .8
105 .8
1 09 .0
3
M in e ra l fu e ls , lu b ric a n ts , a n d re la te d p ro d u c ts ...............
112.0
124.1
130.1
1 07 .8
9 3.9
97.1
9 7 .3
102.8
109.3
104 .5
9 9 .5
1 07 .5
1 02 .5
1 10 .9
114.3
114 .3
114.0
114.0
114.0
113 .7
113.7
1 13.7
1 13.9
111 .9
112.2
112.1
9 2.0
9 8.0
1 05.8
9 9.6
92.2
108.1
1 22.9
130.2
102 .8
9 6 .4
1 02 .7
8 7.9
9 1 .6
33
P etroleum , petroleum products, and related m aterials....
5
C h e m ic a ls a n d re la te d p ro d u c ts , n .e .s ..................................
9 5.4
96.1
9 6.4
9 6.8
97.1
9 6 .8
9 6 .6
9 7 .9
99.2
1 00 .6
1 01.4
100 .9
100 .8
54
M edicinal and pharm aceutical products...............................
100.4
100.8
101.3
101.3
101.3
101.2
101.2
102.1
104.1
104.1
1 03.9
1 03 .9
1 04 .8
9 7 .3
97.2
9 7.3
9 5.4
96.0
96.2
95.3
9 5 .2
9 5 .3
55
Essential oils; polishing and cleaning preparations..........
9 7.3
97.1
97.5
9 7.4
57
Plastics in primary fo r m s ...........................................................
9 2.5
93.1
93.1
9 2 .9
9 7.3
9 3 .5
9 2 .9
95.1
97.1
9 9 .5
1 00 .5
9 7 .6
9 6 .6
58
Plastics in nonprim ary form s....................................................
9 6.0
9 6.4
9 6 .5
9 6 .9
9 7.6
9 7 .7
9 5 .9
97.1
9 7 .5
9 7.2
9 8 .4
9 8 .5
9 8 .8
59
C hem ical m aterials and products, n .e.s ...............................
97 .5
9 7 .3
98.2
9 8.3
9 8.6
9 8.5
9 8.8
1 00.6
100 .6
100 .7
1 01.5
100 .9
1 01 .6
9 8.7
9 9.0
99.1
99.1
9 9.0
9 9.0
9 9.0
9 9.4
9 9.4
9 9 .8
9 9 .7
1 00 .0
103.8
105.1
2 0 5 .9
105.7
105.4
1 05.6
107.1
1 08.8
108 .4
1 08.6
1 08 .5
110.1
6
M a n u fa c tu re d g o o d s c la s s ifie d c h ie fly b y m a te ria ls .....
98 .0
62
R u b b e r m anufactures, n .e.s .....................................................
102.7
64
P aper, paperboard, and articles of paper, pulp,
66
N onm etallic m ineral m anufactures, n .e.s .............................
a n d p a p erboard .........................................................................
Nonferrous m etals.......................................................................
68
9 4.8
9 5 .7
9 6.2
9 6.3
9 6.8
9 6 .6
9 6 .8
9 7.3
9 7.2
9 6.7
9 6 .9
9 7 .3
9 8 .3
102.2
102.2
102.2
102.2
101.4
101.3
1 01.3
1 00.5
100 .4
100.2
100 .3
1 00 .3
1 00.4
8 3.3
8 4 .3
8 2.0
7 9 .4
8 0 .3
8 5 .3
85.2
8 4.9
8 4.4
83.4
8 3.2
8 3.5
82.2
9 8.5
9 8 .6
9 8 .6
9 8 .5
9 8.5
9 8 .5
9 7 .9
9 8.9
9 8 .7
9 8.8
9 8.7
98.7
9 8.7
71
P o w er generating m achinery and equipm ent....................
104 .5
104.5
104.6
104.6
104.7
105.2
105.1
106.5
106.8
106.9
107.1
107.1
107 .2
72
M achinery specialized for particular industries.................
101.8
102.1
102.0
101.8
101 .8
101.7
1 01.7
102.2
102.2
102.2
1 02 .5
1 02 .4
1 02 .6
74
G en e ra l industrial m achines and parts, n.e.s.,
102.3
102.1
1 02.3
102.3
102.2
1 02.3
101 .6
102.0
102.3
102.1
102 .2
1 02 .2
1 02 .4
75
C o m p u ter equipm ent and office m achines.........................
90.4
9 0 .4
9 0 .3
8 9.3
89.1
8 8.6
8 8.6
8 8.8
89.1
8 8 .6
8 8 .8
8 8 .9
8 8 .3
76
Tele com m unications and sound recording and
9 6.2
9 5.4
9 5.4
9 5.0
94.2
94.1
9 3 .8
reproducing apparatus and equipm ent..............................
Electrical machinery and equipm ent....................................
77
97.7
9 6.2
9 6 .3
9 6 .4
9 6.3
9 6 .3
9 3.9
9 3 .3
9 3 .5
93.6
9 3 .3
9 3.4
9 2 .9
9 2 .3
92.1
9 2.2
92.1
9 2 .0
8 9 .9
100.3
100.4
100.6
1 00.6
100.9
100.9
101.0
101.2
101.1
100 .9
101.1
1 01 .0
101.1
101.3
101.4
101.5
101.4
1 01.6
101.5
101.7
1 01.9
101 .9
1 01.5
101 .6
1 01 .9
1 01 .2
P ro fe s s io n a l, s c ie n tific , a n d c o n tro llin g
87
I
in s tru m e n ts a n d a p p a ra tu s .................................................... I
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
103
Current Labor Statistics:
Price Data
39. U.S. import price indexes by Standard International Trade Classification
[2000
=
100]
2002
Industry
R ev. 3
July
Aug.
Sept.
F o o d a n d liv e a n im a ls ................................................................. .
9 4 .5
9 6.3
96.6
9 8.8
01
M e a t and m eat preparations....................................................
104.0
105.9
1 05.4
1 03.4
03
Fish a n d crustaceans, mollusks, and other
aquatic in verteb rates..................... ...........................................
7 9.8
81.9
8 3 .0
8 4.9
81.4
05
8 2.0
8 2 .5
Vegetables, fruit, and nuts, prepared fresh or dry ............
81.1
8 2 .0
8 1 .4
8 4.3
102.2
8 3 .4
1 05.0
8 1 .3
105.0
106.7
07
107.5
106.2
C o ffe e, tea, cocoa, spices, and m anufactures
105.6
1 11.5
1 04.7
110.7
108 .5
1 03.9
1 0 8 .9
0
th e re o f....................................................................
B e v e ra g e s a n d to b a c c o ...............................................................
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
9 7.6
9 7 .6
1 02.0
101.2
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
9 8.8
1 00.4
100.0
101.2
101.6
9 9.8
9 9 .4
106.8
101.7
1 07 .4
1 08.5
108 .8
110.3
1 02 .9
Apr.
May
June
84.6
8 4.2
8 4,5
9 3 .5
9 4.3
9 8.6
9 9.9
104.0
106.7
100.2
100.5
99.1
9 4 .8
1 03.0
1 02.7
102 .5
102.6
102 .4
102.5
102.7
103.0
1 03.3
104 .0
1 04.5
104.6
1 0 3 .9
1 0 3 .7
11
B e v e ra g e s .......................................................................................
102.8
1 02.4
102.2
102.2
102.1
102.2
1 02.4
1 02.3
102 .7
103.0
103 .6
103 .8
2
C ru d e m a te ria ls , in e d ib le , e x c e p t fu e ls .................................
9 6 .4
9 6.8
9 6 .8
9 6 .4
9 5 .7
9 4.9
94.5
95.2
9 7 .4
9 8.5
9 8 .4
9 8 .8
9 9 .5
103.1
103 .4
101.8
9 8.3
9 6.3
9 6.0
9 4 .0
9 4.7
9 6.8
9 5 .0
9 3 .4
77.1
9 4 .0
8 0.2
9 4 .4
8 2.3
80.5
24
C o rk a n d w o o d ......................................................................
25
Pulp a n d w as te p a p er..................................................................
82.3
8 2.3
28
M etalliferous ores and m etal scrap................ .......................
7 8 .9
7 7.9
8 0.3
8 6.5
9 2 .6
9 5.9
9 6 .4
95.3
9 5.2
9 5 .3
9 3.3
29
9 3.8
93.9
9 4.7
C ru d e anim al a n d vegetable m aterials, n.e.s .....................
9 5.5
99.1
9 9.9
9 9 .5
9 2.8
9 9 .3
9 9 .7
91.0
9 7.5
1 04.0
101.6
99.9
101 .4
103.6
102.3
102.6
1 02.3
103.5
1 0 4 .9
8 6 .0
66.1
91.1
9 6.3
9 7 .0
9 0 .4
9 4.9
109 .6
121.2
126.0
101 .6
9 6 .0
1 0 1 .5
3
M in e ra l fu e ls , lu b ric a n ts , a n d re la te d p ro d u c ts ............... .
33
Petroleum , petroleum products, and related m aterials...
8 5 .9
8 8.9
9 2 .9
34
9 7.8
97.7
8 9 .8
G a s , natural a n d m anufactured...............................................
9 4.2
108.1
119.8
118.1
83.6
9 8.6
7 7.7
9 2 .6
7 2 .7
9 7 .3
81.1
8 7 .3
92.1
9 7.0
1 17.8
129.3
185 .9
1 20.5
1 19.0
130.1
5 C h e m ic a ls a n d re la te d p ro d u c ts , n .e .s ..................................
9 7.0
9 8.6
9 8 .9
98.7
9 8.3
52
9 8.0
9 8.2
Inorganic ch em ic als .....................................................................
99.1
9 9.8
101.1
1 00.4
9 8.6
9 9.0
100.0
100.1
100.2
100.1
53
101 .5
102.5
102.5
Dying, tanning, and coloring m aterials..................................
104.2
106 .5
1 10.8
107 .5
9 6.2
9 6 .4
105 .8
1 0 6 .4
9 6.8
9 6 .6
9 5.8
9 5 .9
9 6 .7
9 6 .5
9 7.5
9 7 .6
9 7 .8
9 8 .0
9 8 .0
1 01.5
9 7 .9
101 .3
1 01 .5
1 01.2
9 8 .4
9 9 .2
9 8 .9
1 02 .5
9 9 .4
54
M edicinal a n d p harm aceutical products...............................
9 8.0
9 8 .7
100.0
9 9.6
55
9 9.5
9 9 .3
99.2
101.8
9 9.9
100.4
101.2
57
Essential oils; polishing and cleanin g preparations..........
Plastics in prim ary form s............................................................
9 8.4
9 8 .4
9 8.8
99.2
9 7.2
9 1.8
9 6.6
96,4
9 7 .9
58
9 6.4
9 6 .0
Plastics in nonprim ary form s ....................................................
9 4.8
9 7.3
9 7.9
9 9 .3
100 .3
9 9 .5
1 01.7
9 9 .6
106.1
99.5
9 9.5
9 9 .4
59
9 9 .5
9 9.6
C h e m ica l m aterials and products, n .e.s ...............................
100.2
100.1
100 .4
1 00.6
9 3 .6
1 00.8
9 3 .5
1 0 0 .8
9 3.5
9 2 .4
9 1.0
90.8
9 1 .6
92.1
93.1
9 7 .6
9 6 .7
9 3.2
9 2 .3
M a n u fa c tu r e d g o o d s c la s s ifie d c h ie fly b y m a te ria ls .....
9 2.8
9 3 .0
93.1
9 3.5
9 3 .5
9 3.6
9 3.7
9 3 .2
94.2
94.1
94.1
9 3 .7
9 4 .5
9 9 .3
99.1
99.1
9 9 .0
9 9.2
99.1
9 9 .2
6
62
R u b b e r m anufactures, n.e.s......................................................
64
P ap e r, paperboard, and articles of paper, pulp,
66
68
98.2
9 8.2
98.2
9 9.3
99.3
9 9.4
a n d p a p erb o a rd ..........................................................................
9 1 .7
9 1.7
9 2 .7
9 3 .7
9 3.3
9 3.3
Nonm etalllc m ineral m anufactures, n .e.s .............................
Nonferrous m e tals........................................................................
9 7 .0
9 3.2
9 7.2
9 3 .4
9 7 .5
97.5
9 7.6
9 7 .6
9 7 .7
97.6
9 7.7
9 7.6
7 9.7
9 7.6
7 9.2
9 7 .5
9 7 .9
7 7 .7
76.4
7 6 .0
7 6.6
7 7.3
76.1
7 9.2
8 0.0
7 8.5
7 5 .8
9 8.3
78.1
9 8.6
9 8.6
9 8.5
9 8 .3
9 8 .3
9 7 .5
9 8 .0
9 7 .9
9 7 .5
9 7.6
9 8 .3
9 3 .0
9 2 .6
9 2 .6
9 3 .0
9 3 .6
69
M a n u factu res of m etals, n .e .s ................................................
9 8.3
7
M a c h in e r y a n d tra n s p o rt e q u ip m e n t......................................
97.1
9 6 .9
96.9
9 6.7
9 6.4
9 6.2
96.1
9 6 .0
72
9 5 .9
9 5.8
9 5.8
9 5 .7
M a chinery specialized for particular Industries...................
9 5 .7
9 9 .0
9 8.7
99.2
9 8.3
74
9 8.5
9 8 .7
9 9.2
9 9 .4
G en e ra l industrial m achines a nd parts, n.e.s.,
and m achine pa rts ......................................................................
100.3
100 .7
1 00.6
100.6
1 0 1 .4
9 7.8
98.1
9 8.4
9 8 .4
75
9 8.5
98.6
9 8 .6
C o m p u ter equipm ent and office m achines..........................
9 8 .6
9 9 .4
99.8
100.0
8 7.8
1 00.0
87.2
1 0 0 .7
8 6 .9
8 6.4
76
8 4 .9
8 4.6
8 4.2
Tele com m unications and sound recording and
8 3.9
8 3 .3
82.7
8 2 .8
82.1
8 1 .7
9 4 .4
9 4.0
93.1
9 2.8
92.3
91.1
9 2 .0
9 1.7
9 0 .4
9 0 .0
8 9.5
8 9 .4
reproducing a p paratus and equipm ent..............................
8 9 .2
77
Electrical m achinery and equipm ent......................................
97.1
9 6.6
9 6 .7
9 6.5
78
96.0
9 5.9
R o a d v ehicles.................................................................................
9 5.6
9 5.4
95.7
9 5.3
100.2
9 5 .5
9 5 .2
100.3
9 5 .4
100.3
100.3
100.8
100.5
100 .5
100.4
1 00.6
100 .6
1 00.6
1 00.7
1 0 0 .7
9 9.2
9 9.3
9 9 .5
99.4
9 9 .4
9 9 .4
9 9.6
99.5
9 9.6
9 9.8
9 9 .6
9 9 .7
1 0 0 .0
9 7.8
9 8 .4
9 8.8
9 8.4
9 8 .5
9 8.3
98.5
9 8.8
9 9.2
9 9.4
9 9 .6 I
9 9 .3
1 0 0 .0
85
F o o tw e a r..........................................................................................
88
Photographic apparatus, equipm ent, and supplies,
and optical goods, n .e .s ...........................................................
104
2003
June
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
40.
U.S. export price indexes by end-use category
2003
2002
Category
June
July
Oct.
Sept.
Aug.
Nov.
Dec.
Apr.
Mar.
Feb.
Jan.
June
May
9 9 .6
A L L C O M M O D IT I E S ......................................................................
9 8 .0
9 8 .3
9 8 .5
9 8 .8
9 8 .7
9 8 .8
9 8 .6
9 8 .9
9 9 .5
9 9 .7
9 9 .6
9 9 .7
F o o d s , fe e d s , a n d b e v e r a g e s .................................................
1 0 1 .5
1 0 4 .0
106 .1
1 0 9 .8
1 0 7 .6
1 0 9 .6
1 0 8 .7
1 0 8 .7
1 0 8 .3
1 0 8 .2
1 0 8 .5
1 1 1 .8
1 1 1 .3
A g ric u ltu ra l fo o d s , fe e d s , a n d b e v e r a g e s .....................
1 0 1 .7
1 0 4 .5
1 0 6 .7
1 1 0 .7
1 0 8 .2
1 1 0 .4
1 0 9 .5
1 0 9 .4
1 0 8 .8
1 08.1
1 0 8 .6
1 1 2 .1
1 1 1 .2
N o n a g ric u ltu ra l (fish, b e v e ra g e s ) fo o d p ro d u c ts .......
1 0 0 .7
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .7
1 0 1 .3
102 .1
1 0 2 .0
1 0 2 .3
1 0 2 .8
1 0 4 .6
1 1 0 .0
1 0 8 .0
1 1 0 .2
1 1 3 .1
In d u s tria l s u p p lie s a n d m a te ria ls ..........................................
9 4 .6
9 5 .6
9 5 .5
9 5 .9
9 6 .4
9 6.1
9 6 .0
9 7 .3
9 9 .2
1 0 0 .6
1 00 .1
9 9 .4
1 00 .1
9 5 .8
9 7 .9
9 7 .7
9 8 .4
9 8 .4
1 00 .1
1 0 1 .9
1 0 3 .3
1 0 3 .8
1 0 4 .8
1 0 4 .6
1 0 3 .5
1 0 4 .4
9 4 .0
9 1 .6
9 1 .3
9 6 .2
1 0 3 .8
1 0 8 .0
9 6 .3
9 4 .5
9 7 .1
1 0 0 .7
A g ric u ltu ra l in d u s trial s u p p lie s a n d m a te ria ls .............
8 6 .7
8 8 .3
8 8 .0
9 2 .9
e x c lu d in g fu e l a n d building m a te ria ls ..........................
9 5 .7
9 6 .7
9 6 .5
9 6 .4
9 6 .8
9 6 .5
9 6 .4
9 7 .3
9 8 .8
9 9 .9
1 0 0 .7
1 0 0 .2
S e le c te d b u ild in g m a te ria ls ................................................
9 4 .2
9 5 .0
9 5 .4
9 6 .2
9 6 .6
9 6 .6
9 6 .2
96.1
9 6 .5
9 6 .4
9 6 .6
9 6 .5
9 6 .3
9 8 .3
9 8 .3
9 8.1
9 8 .2
9 8 .4
9 8 .3
9 8 .3
9 8 .3
9 7 .7
1 0 1 .6
F u e ls a n d lu b ric a n ts ................................................................
N o n a g ric u ltu ra l s u p p lie s a n d m a teria ls,
N o n e le c tric a l m a c h in e ry .......................................................
A u to m o tiv e v e h ic le s , p a rts , a n d e n g in e s .........................
N o n a g ric u ltu ra l c o m m o d itie s ................... ............................
41.
9 8 .7
9 8 .5
9 8 .5
9 8 .4
1 0 2 .0
1 0 1 .8
1 0 2 .0
1 0 2 .0
102 .1
1 0 2 .0
1 0 1 .9
1 0 1 .9
1 0 1 .5
1 0 1 .6
1 0 1 .5
1 0 1 .5
9 6 .5
9 6 .2
9 6 .2
9 6 .0
9 5 .8
9 5 .7
9 5 .4
9 5 .4
9 5 .7
9 5 .6
9 5 .6
9 5 .5
9 4 .7
1 0 1 .4
1 0 1 .3
1 0 1 .5
1 0 1 .6
1 0 1 .5
1 0 1 .6
1 0 1 .5
1 0 1 .6
9 9 .6
1 0 0 .9
1 0 0 .9
101 .1
1 01.1
1 0 1 .4
9 9.1
99.1
9 9 .3
9 9 .3
9 9 .4
9 9 .3
9 9 .3
99.1
9 9 .4
9 9 .4
9 9 .3
9 9 .4
9 8 .5
9 8 .5
9 8 .7
9 8 .7
9 8 .8
9 8 .6
9 8 .7
9 8 .2
9 8 .9
9 8 .7
9 8 .5
9 8 .5
9 8 .8
9 9 .4
9 9 .5
9 9 .7
9 9 .6
9 9 .6
9 9 .7
9 9 .6
9 9 .5
9 9 .6
9 9 .7
9 9 .8
9 9 .9
1 00 .1
1 0 0 .7
1 0 3 .4
1 0 5 .2
1 0 8 .6
1 0 6 .6
1 0 8 .7
1 0 8 .2
1 0 8 .3
1 0 7 .9
1 0 7 .5
1 0 7 .9
1 1 0 .6
1 1 0 .0
9 7 .8
9 7 .9
9 7 .9
9 8 .0
9 8.1
9 8 .0
9 7 .8
9 8 .2
9 8 .8
99.1
9 9 .0
9 8 .8
9 8 .7
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
9 4 .6
9 5 .2
U.S. import price indexes by end-use category
2003
Category
June
A L L C O M M O D IT I E S ......................................................................
94.1
July
9 4 .5
9 5 .5
9 5 .5
9 4 .8
9 6 .9
9 8 .5
9 9.1
9 6 .0
9 5 .3
9 6 .1
1 0 2 .6
1 0 2 .5
1 0 1 .3
1 0 0 .7
F o o d s , fe e d s , a n d b e v e r a g e s .................................................
9 6 .2
9 6 .9
9 6 .9
9 9 .7
1 0 0 .0
9 9 .9
1 0 0 .2
1 0 1 .3
1 0 1 .2
A g ric u ltu ral fo o d s , fe e d s , a n d b e v e r a g e s .....................
1 0 1 .3
1 0 2 .4
1 0 2 .0
1 0 5 .4
1 06.1
1 0 5 .8
1 0 6 .0
1 0 7 .9
1 0 7 .8
1 0 9 .6
1 0 8 .9
1 0 7 .5
1 0 7 .1
N o n a g ric u ltu ra l (fish, b e v e ra g e s ) fo o d p ro d u c ts .......
8 5.1
8 5 .0
8 6 .0
8 7 .3
8 6 .6
8 7.1
8 7 .5
8 6 .8
8 7 .4
8 6 .9
8 8 .4
8 7 .7
8 6 .6
9 5 .3
9 8.1
In d u s trial s u p p lie s a n d m a te ria ls ..........................................
8 9 .8
9 1 .3
9 2 .6
9 5 .2
9 5 .4
9 2 .3
9 4 .6
1 0 1 .3
1 0 7 .4
1 0 9 .7
9 7 .6
F u e ls a n d lu b ric a n ts ................................................................
8 5 .8
8 8.1
9 0 .7
9 6 .2
9 6 .7
8 9 .8
9 4 .7
1 09.1
1 2 0 .9
1 2 5 .2
9 9 .3
9 4 .9
1 00 .1
P e tro le u m a n d p e tro le u m p ro d u c ts ............................
8 5 .3
8 8 .5
9 1 .8
9 7.1
9 7 .0
8 9 .0
9 4 .0
1 0 7 .7
1 1 9 .9
1 1 8 .6
9 6 .3
9 1 .5
9 6 .1
9 3 .6
1 0 3 .0
8 7.1
8 8 .0
8 9 .3
9 0 .5
9 0.1
8 9 .7
89.1
8 8 .6
8 9 .2
9 1 .0
9 3 .5
9 4 .1
M a te ria ls a s s o c ia te d w ith n o n d u ra b le
s u p p lie s a n d m a te ria ls ........................................................
97.1
9 8.1
99.1
9 9 .4
9 9 .7
9 9 .7
1 00.1
1 0 1 .5
1 0 2 .4
1 0 4 .2
1 0 3 .5
1 0 2 .5
S e le c te d b u ild in g m a te ria ls ................................................
99.1
9 9 .9
9 9 .2
9 7 .6
9 6 .9
9 6 .4
9 5 .0
9 5 .6
9 6 .9
9 6 .3
9 5 .4
9 6 .2
9 6 .7
U n fin is h e d m e ta ls a s s o c ia te d w ith d u ra b le g o o d s ..
8 8 .5
8 9 .4
8 8 .6
8 9 .7
8 9 .9
9 0 .5
9 1 .5
9 0 .5
9 3 .3
9 2 .8
9 1 .7
8 9 .9
9 2 .7
N o n m e ta ls a s s o c ia te d w ith d u ra b le g o o d s .................
9 6 .7
97.1
9 7 .0
9 6 .9
9 6 .9
9 6 .9
9 7.1
9 6 .9
9 7 .4
9 7 .9
9 7.1
9 7 .3
9 8 .2
9 3 .8
9 3 .6
9 3 .8
9 5 .6
9 6 .1
9 6 .6
E le c tric a n d e le c tric a l g e n e ra tin g e q u ip m e n t.............
9 5.1
9 4 .8
9 4 .9
9 4 .7
9 4 .0
9 4 .0
9 3 .9
9 3 .9
9 3 .8
9 3 .7
95.1
9 5 .3
9 5 .9
9 5 .7
9 5 .2
9 4 .8
9 4 .9
9 5 .3
9 5 .5
9 5 .5
9 4 .4
9 3 .8
9 3 .9
9 3 .7
9 2 .9
9 2 .9
9 2 .8
9 2 .7
9 2 .6
9 2 .5
9 2 .5
9 2 .2
9 2 .3
1 0 0 .6
1 0 0 .7
100 .1
1 0 0 .2
1 0 0 .2
1 0 0 .3
1 0 0 .7
1 0 0 .4
1 0 0 .5
1 0 0 .3
1 0 0 .5
1 0 0 .5
1 0 0 .5
98.1
9 8 .2
9 8 .2
98.1
98.1
9 7 .9
9 8 .0
9 8 .0
9 7 .9
9 7 .9
9 7 .9
9 7 .9
9 8 .1
99.1
9 9 .3
9 9 .6
9 9 .5
9 9 .5
9 9 .3
9 9 .7
9 9 .7
9 9 .5
9 9 .7
9 9 .9
9 9 .8
9 9 .9
D u ra b le s , m a n u fa c tu re d ......................................................
9 7 .2
9 7 .3
9 7 .0
9 6 .8
9 6 .8
9 6 .7
9 6 .5
9 6 .4
9 6 .4
9 6 .2
9 6 .1
9 6 .2
9 6 .5
N o n m a n u fa c tu re d c o n s u m e r g o o d s ..............................
9 5 .6
9 5 .3
9 5 .6
9 5 .4
9 5 .4
9 5 .2
9 5 .4
9 5 .5
9 5 .5
9 5 .7
9 5 .6
9 5 .6
9 6 .2
A u to m o tiv e v e h ic le s , p a rts , a n d e n g in e s .........................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
42.
U.S. international price Indexes for selected categories of services
[2000 = 100]______________________________________ _____________________________________________
Category
June
Sept.
2003
2002
2001
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
A ir fre ig h t (in b o u n d )........................................................................
95.1
9 4 .9
9 5 .2
9 3 .9
9 8 .3
1 0 0 .3
1 0 5 .9
1 0 8 .8
1 0 9 .5
A ir fre ig h t (o u tb o u n d ).....................................................................
9 8 .0
9 7 .6
9 7 .9
9 5 .9
9 8 .4
9 7 .3
9 5 .4
9 7 .2
9 5 .4
A ir p a s s e n g e r fa re s (U .S . c a rrie rs )..........................................
1 0 6 .4
1 0 7 .6
1 0 3 .5
1 0 3 .3
1 1 0 .7
1 1 4 .3
1 0 7 .9
1 1 2 .0
1 1 9 .3
A ir p a s s e n g e r fa re s (fo reig n c a rrie rs )....................................
1 0 3 .8
1 1 0 .2
1 0 0 .8
9 9 .4
1 1 0 .9
1 1 8 .5
1 0 7 .2
1 1 1 .7
1 2 3 .2
O c e a n liner fre ig h t (in b o u n d )....................................................
1 0 0 .8
98.1
9 3 .6
9 1 .7
9 0 .3
9 3 .5
9 3 .3
9 4 .0
1 1 6 .2
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
105
Current Labor Statistics:
43.
Productivity Data
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, and unit costs, quarterly data seasonally adjusted
[1992= 100]
II
III
2002
2001
2000
Item
IV
I
II
III
IV
I
II
2003
III
IV
I
II
B u s in e s s
1 1 6 .6
1 1 6 .8
1 1 7 .5
1 1 7 .4
1 1 7 .8
1 1 8 .8
1 2 1 .3
1 2 3 .9
124 .1
1 2 5 .9
1 2 6 .4
1 2 7 .2
1 2 9 .5
1 3 1 .9
1 3 4 .6
1 3 5 .9
1 3 7 .4
1 3 8 .2
1 39.1
1 3 9 .8
1 4 1 .0
1 4 2 .4
143 .1
1 4 3 .7
1 4 5 .4
1 4 6 .9
1 10.1
1 1 1 .4
1 1 1 .7
1 1 1 .9
1 1 1 .6
1 12.1
1 1 2 .8
1 1 3 .4
1 1 3 .5
1 1 3 .5
1 1 3 .4
1 1 3 .7
1 1 4 .7
1 13.1
1 1 5 .3
1 1 5 .6
1 17.1
1 1 7 .3
117 .1
1 1 5 .2
1 1 3 .8
1 1 4 .7
1 1 3 .6
1 1 3 .7
1 1 4 .2
1 1 3 .5
1 1 3 .8
1 1 1 .0
1 1 1 .9
1 1 2 .0
1 1 3 .3
115 .1
1 1 7 .0
1 1 9 .7
1 1 8 .8
1 2 0 .9
1 22 .1
1 2 2 .3
1 2 4 .3
1 1 3 .4
1 1 3 .7
1 1 4 .3
1 1 5 .2
1 1 5 .8
1 1 6 .4
1 1 5 .9
1 1 6 .0
1 1 6 .2
1 1 6 .3
1 1 6 .8
1 1 7 .2
1 1 7 .4
1 16.1
1 1 6 .4
1 1 7 .0
1 1 6 .9
1 1 7 .4
1 1 8 .3
1 2 0 .7
1 2 3 .4
1 2 3 .7
1 2 5 .5
1 2 6 .0
1 2 6 .7
1 2 8 .8
1 3 1 .4
1 3 4 .2
1 3 5 .3
1 3 6 .7
1 3 7 .4
1 3 8 .2
1 3 8 .9
1 4 0 .2
1 4 1 .5
1 4 2 .2
1 4 2 .8
1 4 4 .2
1 4 5 .6
1 0 9 .7
1 1 1 .0
1 1 1 .2
1 1 1 .3
1 1 1 .0
1 1 1 .4
1 12 .1
1 1 2 .8
1 1 2 .9
1 1 2 .8
1 1 2 .7
1 1 2 .8
1 1 3 .7
1 13.1
1 1 5 .3
1 1 5 .6
1 1 7 .0
1 17.1
1 1 6 .8
115 .1
1 ,1 1 3 .6
1 1 4 .4
1 1 3 .3
1 1 3 .3
1 1 3 .8
1 1 3 .0
N o n f a r m b u s in e s s
1 1 5 .3
1 1 2 .6
1 1 3 .3
1 1 3 .5
1 1 4 .9
1 1 6 .8
1 1 9 .0
1 2 1 .5
1 2 1 .2
1 23.1
1 2 4 .3
1 2 4 .5
1 2 6 .4
1 1 3 .9
1 1 4 .3
1 1 4 .8
1 1 5 .7
1 1 6 .3
1 1 6 .8
1 1 6 .5
1 1 6 .4
1 1 6 .8
1 1 6 .9
1 1 7 .3
1 1 7 .7
1 1 7 .9
N o n f in a n c ia l c o r p o r a t io n s
1 1 8 .2
1 1 9 .4
1 1 9 .4
1 1 8 .7
1 2 0 .0
1 2 1 .3
1 2 4 .5
1 2 6 .0
1 2 7 .7
1 2 8 .7
1 2 9 .9
1 3 1 .3
1 3 3 .9
1 2 7 .7
1 3 0 .3
1 3 1 .6
1 3 1 .2
1 3 2 .6
1 3 3 .8
1 3 4 .7
1 3 5 .9
1 3 7 .3
1 3 8 .2
1 3 9 .2
1 4 1 .0
1 4 2 .3
1 0 6 .6
1 0 7 .8
1 08.1
1 0 6 .8
1 07.1
1 0 7 .8
1 0 8 .7
1 0 9 .4
1 0 9 .5
1 0 9 .7
1 0 9 .9
1 1 0 .2
1 1 1 .1
1 0 7 .5
1 0 8 .6
1 0 9 .8
1 1 0 .8
1 1 1 .3
1 1 1 .7
1 0 9 .8
1 0 9 .5
1 0 9 .4
1 0 9 .6
1 0 9 .3
1 0 9 .3
1 0 7 .9
1 0 8 .0
1 09.1
1 1 0 .2
1 1 0 .6
1 1 0 .4
1 1 0 .3
1 0 8 .2
1 0 7 .9
1 0 7 .5
1 0 7 .4
1 07.1
1 0 7 .3
1 0 6 .3
1 0 6 .3
1 07.1
1 0 8 .9
1 1 1 .6
1 1 3 .5
1 1 5 .5
1 14.1
1 1 4 .0
1 1 4 .5
1 1 5 .4
1 1 5 .2
1 1 4 .6
1 1 2 .2
1 1 8 .8
1 0 9 .5
9 8 .6
9 3.1
9 5 .4
9 7 .9
1 0 7 .6
1 0 7 .6
1 0 7 .8
1 0 4 .6
1 10.1
1 1 2 .2
1 2 5 .3
1 0 9 .5
1 0 7 .7
1 0 6 .3
1 0 6 .9
1 0 8 .9
1 1 1 .0
1 1 2 .4
1 1 2 .4
1 1 2 .8
1 1 2 .6
1 1 3 .9
1 1 4 .0
1 1 5 .5
1 0 9 .6
1 0 9 .4
1 0 9 .3
109.1
1 0 9 .4
1 0 9 .6
1 0 9 .4
1 0 8 .5
1 0 8 .6
1 0 8 .9
1 0 9 .3
1 0 9 .9
1 1 0 .5
M a n u f a c tu r in g
U n it la b o r c o s ts ..................................................................................
106
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1 3 4 .9
1 3 5 .4
1 3 5 .9
1 3 5 .2
1 3 5 .8
1 3 7 .8
1 3 9 .9
1 4 2 .9
1 4 4 .8
1 4 7 .2
1 4 7 .0
1 4 8 .5
1 4 9 .8
1 2 9 .3
1 3 2 .2
1 3 1 .5
1 3 2 .0
1 3 3 .6
1 3 5 .0
1 3 6 .7
1 3 8 .3
1 4 0 .5
1 4 1 .3
1 4 2 .4
1 4 4 .6
1 4 6 .5
1 0 7 .9
1 0 9 .4
1 0 8 .0
1 0 7 .5
1 0 7 .9
1 0 8 .8
1 1 0 .3
1 1 1 .3
1 1 2 .0
1 12.1
1 1 2 .4
1 13 .1
1 1 4 .4
9 5 .9
9 7 .7
9 6 .8
9 7 .6
9 8 .4
9 7 .9
9 7 .7
9 6 .8
9 7 .0
9 6 .0
9 6 .9
9 7 .4
9 7 .7
August 2003
44.
Annual indexes of multifactor productivity and related measures, selected years
[1996 = 100, unless otherwise indicated]
Item
1980
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Private business
P ro d u ctivity :
1 1 2 .4
O u tp u t p e r h o u r of all p e rs o n s ................................................
7 5 .8
9 0 .2
9 1 .3
9 4 .8
9 5 .4
9 6 .6
9 7 .3
1 0 0 .0
1 0 2 .0
1 0 5 .9
1 0 7 .7
1 1 1 .0
O u tp u t p e r u n it o f c a p ita l s e rv ic e s ........................................
1 0 3 .3
9 9 .7
9 6 .5
9 8 .0
9 8 .7
1 0 0 .4
9 9 .8
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .3
9 9 .3
9 8 .2
9 6 .6
9 2 .8
M u ltifa c to r p ro d u c tiv ity ................................................................
8 8 .8
9 5 .5
9 4 .5
9 6 .7
97.1
9 8 .2
9 8 .4
1 0 0 .0
1 0 1 .2
1 0 2 .5
1 0 3 .4
1 0 5 .0
1 0 3 .9
O u tp u t.....................................................................................................
5 9 .4
8 3 .6
8 2 .6
8 5 .7
8 8 .5
9 2 .8
9 5 .8
1 0 0 .0
1 0 5 .2
1 1 0 .5
1 1 5 .7
1 2 0 .4
1 2 0 .2
In puts:
7 1 .9
8 9 .4
8 8 .3
8 9 .3
9 1 .8
9 5 .6
9 8 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 3 .5
106 .1
1 0 9 .0
110 .1
1 0 9 .5
C a p ita l s e r v ic e s ..............................................................................
5 7 .6
8 3 .8
8 5 .7
8 7 .5
8 9 .7
9 2 .5
9 6 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 4 .9
1 1 1 .3
1 1 7 .9
1 2 4 .5
1 2 9 .6
C o m b in e d u nits o f la b o r a n d c ap ita l in p u t.........................
6 7 .0
8 7 .5
8 7 .4
8 8 .7
91.1
9 4 .6
9 7 .3
1 0 0 .0
1 0 4 .0
1 07.1
1 1 1 .9
1 1 4 .7
1 1 5 .7
C a p ita l p e r h o u r o f all p e rs o n s ..................................................
7 3 .4
9 0 .4
9 4 .6
9 6 .8
9 6 .6
9 6 .2
9 7 .5
1 0 0 .0
1 0 1 .9
1 0 5 .8
1 0 9 .7
1 1 4 .8
1 21 .1
1 1 1 .6
Private nonfarm business
P ro d u ctivity :
7 7 .3
9 0 .3
9 1 .4
9 4 .8
9 5 .3
9 6 .5
9 7 .5
1 0 0 .0
1 0 2 .0
1 0 4 .7
1 07 .1
1 1 0 .3
1 0 7 .6
1 0 0 .4
9 7 .0
9 8 .2
9 9 .0
1 0 0 .4
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
9 9 .0
9 7 .6
9 5 .9
9 2 .0
M u ltifa c to r p ro d u c tiv ity ................................................................
9 1 .0
9 5 .8
9 4 .8
9 6 .7
9 7 .2
9 8 .2
9 8 .6
1 0 0 .0
1 0 1 .0
1 0 2 .2
1 0 2 .9
1 0 4 .4
1 0 3 .3
O u tp u t.....................................................................................................
5 9 .6
8 3 .5
8 2 .5
8 5 .5
8 8 .4
9 2 .6
9 5 .8
1 0 0 .0
105.1
1 1 0 .5
1 1 5 .7
1 2 0 .2
1 2 0 .1
O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f all p e rs o n s ................................................
In p u ts :
L a b o r in p u t.......................................................................................
7 0 .7
8 9 .2
8 7 .9
8 9 .0
9 1 .8
9 5 .4
9 7 .8
1 0 0 .0
1 0 3 .6
1 0 6 .4
1 0 9 .5
1 1 0 .6
1 10 .1
C a p ita l s e r v ic e s ..............................................................................
5 5 .4
8 3 .2
85.1
8 7 .0
8 9 .4
9 2 .2
9 5 .8
1 0 0 .0
1 05.1
1 1 1 .7
1 1 8 .5
1 2 5 .4
1 3 0 .5
C o m b in e d u nits of la b o r a n d cap ita l in p u t........................
6 5 .9
8 7 .2
8 7 .0
8 8 .4
9 1 .0
9 4 .5
9 7 .2
1 0 0 .0
104.1
108 .1
1 1 2 .4
1 1 5 .2
1 1 6 .3
C a p ita l p e r h o u r o f all p e rs o n s ..................................................
7 1 .8
8 9 .9
9 4 .3
9 6 .5
9 6 .3
96.1
9 7 .6
1 0 0 .0
1 0 1 .9
1 0 5 .8
1 0 9 .7
1 1 5 .0
1 2 1 .3
O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f all p e rs o n s ...............................................
62.1
8 2 .3
8 4 .2
8 8 .6
9 0 .3
9 3 .0
9 6 .6
1 0 0 .0
1 0 4 .2
1 0 9 .3
1 1 4 .9
1 1 9 .5
O u tp u t p e r u n it of c a p ita l s e rv ic e s ........................................
9 7 .4
9 7 .5
9 3 .6
9 6 .0
9 7 .0
9 9 .7
1 0 0 .6
1 0 0 .0
1 0 1 .8
1 0 1 .9
1 0 2 .3
1 0 1 .1
1 0 3 .3
1 0 5 .4
1 08 .1
1 10 .1
1 1 1 .0
1 1 5 .7
1 1 8 .6
Manufacturing (1996 = 100)
P ro d u ctivity :
M u ltifa c to r p ro d u c tiv ity ................................................................
8 1 .2
93.1
9 2 .2
9 3 .8
9 4 .8
9 7 .4
9 9 .2
1 0 0 .0
6 4 .4
8 3 .2
8 1 .6
6 5 .5
8 8 .3
9 3 .0
9 6 .9
1 0 0 .0
1 0 6 .0
Inputs:
“
_
_
1 0 3 .7
101.1
9 6 .9
9 6 .5
9 7 .8
9 9 .9
1 0 0 .4
1 0 0 .0
1 0 1 .8
1 0 1 .5
1 0 0 .7
9 9 .3
C a p ita l s e r v ic e s ..............................................................................
6 6 .2
8 5 .3
8 7 .2
89.1
91.1
9 3 .2
9 6 .4
1 0 0 .0
104.1
1 0 8 .9
1 13.1
1 1 7 .3
-
E n e r g y ................................................................................................
8 6 .3
9 3 .2
9 3 .4
9 3 .3
9 6 .7
9 9 .9
1 02.1
1 0 0 .0
9 8 .5
1 0 5 .0
1 0 1 .8
1 0 4 .6
-
6 3 .6
7 8 .3
7 9 .2
8 4 .6
87.1
9 0 .0
9 3 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 2 .0
1 1 0 .0
1 1 4 .9
1 1 5 .9
P u rc h a s e d b u s in e s s s e rv ic e s ................................................
6 7 .3
8 4 .8
8 4 .4
9 1 .7
9 4.1
9 6 .2
1 0 0 .5
1 0 0 .0
1 0 4 .5
103 .1
1 0 4 .4
1 0 5 .5
C o m b in e d u n its o f all fa c to r in p u ts .......................................
7 9 .3
8 9 .4
8 8 .4
9 1 .2
93.1
9 5 .5
9 7 .7
1 0 0 .0
1 0 2 .6
1 0 5 .3
1 0 7 .0
1 0 7 .7
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
-
107
Current Labor Statistics:
Productivity Data
45. Annual indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, selected years
[1992 = 100]
________
Item
1960
1970
1980
1990
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
B u s in e s s
O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f all p e rs o n s .........................
C o m p e n s a tio n p e r h o u r.................................
4 9 .5
13 9
2 3 .5
R e a l c o m p e n s a t i o n p e r h o u r ..............................
6 7.1
6 0 .7
7 8 .6
aO.o
8 8 .9
y o .o
1 0 2 .3
105 .1
1 0 7 .4
1 1 0 .2
1 1 3 .0
1 1 6 .5
1 1 8 .8
1 25 .1
1 0 6 .5
1 0 9 .9
1 1 3 .2
1 1 9 .4
1 2 4 .8
1 3 3 .5
1 3 8 .6
1 4 2 .5
9 9 .4
9 9 .8
1 0 0 .7
1 1 3 .5
U n it la b o r c o s ts ........................................
1 0 4 .8
1 0 7 .2
1 1 1 .0
1 12.1
2 8 .0
104.1
U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n ts ........................................
1 0 4 .6
1 0 5 .4
1 0 8 .4
1 1 0 .4
1 1 4 .6
1 1 6 .7
25.1
1 1 3 .9
3 1 .7
1 0 9 .4
Im p lic it p ric e d e fla to r ..........................................
1 1 3 .2
1 1 7 .0
1 1 4 .3
1 1 3 .7
1 1 1 .8
1 1 4 .3
2 7 .0
1 2 0 .4
3 3 .9
1 0 6 .0
1 0 7 .7
1 0 9 .7
1 1 0 .6
1 1 1 .6
1 1 3 .5
1 1 5 .8
1 1 6 .3
N o n f a r m b u s in e s s
O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f all p e rs o n s .............................
5 2 .4
6 8 .8
C o m p e n s a tio n p e r h o u r................................
1 4 .5
2 3 .7
R e a l c o m p e n s a tio n p e r h o u r................................
6 3 .2
7 9 .0
8 1 .7
y u .o
1 0 6 .5
1 0 5 .3
1 0 7 .4
1 1 0 .2
1 1 2 .8
116 .1
1 1 8 .3
1 2 4 .7
1 0 9 .8
1 1 3 .0
1 19 .1
1 2 4 .3
1 3 3 .0
1 3 7 .8
1 4 1 .7
9 9 .7
1 0 0 .5
1 1 2 .8
U n it la b o r c o s ts ..............................................
1 0 4 .5
1 0 6 .8
1 1 0 .6
1 1 1 .4
2 7 .6
3 4 .4
1 1 0 .4
1 1 3 .4
U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n ts .....................................
1 1 7 .9
1 1 5 .5
1 1 5 .3
1 1 3 .3
1 16.1
2 4 .5
3 1 .3
1 2 2 .5
1 1 0 .4
Im p lic it p ric e d e fla to r ......................................
1 1 3 .5
1 1 8 .0
1 1 5 .7
1 1 5 .5
1 1 3 .5
1 1 6 .4
2 6 .5
1 2 2 .5
3 3 .3
1 06.1
1 0 7 .6
1 0 9 .8
1 1 0 .8
1 12.1
1 14 .1
1 1 6 .3
1 1 6 .9
104 .1
1 0 7 .5
1 0 8 .4
1 1 1 .7
1 1 4 .7
1 1 8 .7
1 21 .1
1 28 .1
106 .1
1 0 8 .9
1 1 0 .3
1 1 5 .9
1 2 1 .0
1 29.1
1 3 3 .0
1 3 7 .7
9 9 .0
9 8 .9
98.1
1 0 1 .6
1 0 4 .0
1 0 7 .3
1 0 7 .6
1 0 9 .6
1 0 2 .0
1 0 1 .2
1Ü 1.5
1 0 3 .3
1 0 4 .9
1 0 8 .2
1 1 0 .9
1 0 9 .4
1 0 1 .9
1 0 1 .4
1 0 1 .8
1 0 3 .8
1 0 5 .5
1 0 7 .5
N o n f in a n c ia l c o r p o r a t io n s
O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f a ll e m p lo y e e s ........................
5 5 .4
7 0 .4
C o m p e n s a tio n p e r h o u r......................................
1 5 .6
2 5 .3
R e a l c o m p e n s a tio n p e r h o u r...........................
68.1
8 4 .4
T o ta l u n it c o s ts ......................................
81.1
y u .o
2 6 .8
U n it la b o r c o s ts ............................................
U n it n o n la b o r c o s ts ........................................
2 3 .3
U n it p ro fits ..............................................
U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n ts ......................................
Im p lic it p ric e d e fla to r ..........................................
1 0 8 .8
1 0 9 .9
1 0 0 .6
1 0 0 .9
1 0 2 .2
1 0 3 .4
1 0 6 .7
1 1 3 .7
1 1 4 .8
1 3 9 .0
1 5 2 .2
1 5 6 .9
1 4 1 .7
1 3 1 .5
1 1 1 .6
9 8 .5
1 0 7 .5
1 1 1 .6
1 1 3 .8
1 1 5 .2
1 1 2 .3
1 1 0 .6
1 0 8 .0
1 0 9 .8
1 1 2 .9
1 0 5 .5
1 0 6 .2
1 0 6 .6
1 0 7 .2
1 0 8 .5
1 0 9 .8
1 0 9 .3
3 1 .9
5 0 .2
3 0 .2
35.1
2 8 .8
3 5 .6
6 8 .4
70.1
M a n u f a c tu r in g
O u tp u t p e r h o u r o f a ll p e rs o n s ................................
4 1 .8
5 4 .2
C o m p e n s a tio n p e r h o u r..................................
1 4 .9
2 3 .7
R e a l c o m p e n s a tio n p e r h o u r.....................................
6 5 .0
7 9 .2
1 0 9 .0
1 1 2 .8
1 1 7 .6
1 2 3 .3
1 2 9 .7
1 3 4 .9
137 .1
1 0 7 .9
1 0 9 .4
1 1 1 .5
1 1 7 .4
1 22.1
1 31 .1
1 3 4 .3
1 4 0 .6
9 1 .4
1 0 0 .6
9 9 .4
99.1
1 0 3 .0
1 0 4 .9
1 0 9 .0
1 0 8 .6
1 1 2 .0
9 9 .0
9 6 .9
9 4 .8
9 5 .2
9 4.1
9 7 .2
9 7 .9
9 6 .7
1 0 6 .9
1 0 9 .9
1 1 0 .0
1 0 3 .7
1 0 4 .9
1 0 7 .0
1 0 3 .9
1 0 4 .8
1 04.1
1 0 0 .4
1 0 0 .7
1 0 3 .2
U n it la b o r c o s ts .....................................................
3 5 .6
U n it n o n la b o r p a y m e n ts ............................................
2 6 .8
2 9 .3
8 0 .2
Im p lic it p ric e d e fla to r......................................
3 0 .2
3 5 .0
7 9 .9
D a s h in d ic a te s d a ta n o t a v a ila b le .
108
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
9 9 .0
1 0 2 .0
_
1 4 5 .5
46. Annual indexes of output per hour for selected 3-digit SIC industries
[1987=100]
Industry
SIC
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Mining
C o p p e r o r e s ..............................................................................
1 02
1 0 2 .7
1 0 0 .5
1 1 5 .2
118.1
1 2 6 .0
1 1 7 .2
1 1 6 .5
1 1 8 .9
1 1 8 .3
1 1 0 .0
1 2 2 .6
G o ld a n d s ilv e r o re s ..............................................................
104
1 2 2 .3
1 2 7 .4
1 4 1 .6
1 5 9 .8
1 6 0 .8
1 4 4 .2
1 3 8 .3
1 5 8 .5
1 8 7 .6
1 9 7 .5
2 3 9 .9
B itu m in o u s c o al a n d lig n ite m in in g ................................
122
1 1 8 .7
1 2 2 .4
1 3 3 .0
1 4 1 .2
148.1
1 5 5 .9
1 6 8 .0
1 7 6 .6
1 8 8 .0
1 9 4 .9
2 0 7 .0
C r u d e p e tro le u m a n d na tu ra l g a s ...................................
131
9 7 .0
9 7 .9
102 .1
1 0 5 .9
1 1 2 .4
1 1 9 .4
1 2 3 .9
1 2 5 .2
1 2 7 .5
1 3 4 .5
1 4 2 .5
C r u s h e d a n d b ro k en s to n e ................................................
142
1 0 2 .2
9 9 .8
1 0 5 .0
1 0 3 .6
1 0 8 .7
1 0 5 .4
1 0 7 .2
1 1 2 .6
1 1 0 .2
1 0 5 .0
1 0 1 .9
Manufacturing
M e a t p ro d u c ts ...........................................................................
201
97.1
9 9 .6
1 0 4 .6
1 0 4 .3
1 0 1 .2
1 0 2 .3
9 7 .4
1 0 2 .5
1 0 2 .3
1 0 1 .8
1 0 2 .9
D a iry p ro d u c ts ..........................................................................
202
1 0 7 .3
1 0 8 .3
1 1 1 .4
1 0 9 .6
1 1 1 .8
1 1 6 .4
1 1 6 .0
1 1 9 .3
1 1 9 .3
1 1 2 .7
1 1 3 .5
P r e s e r v e d fru its a n d v e g e ta b le s .....................................
203
9 5 .6
9 9 .2
1 0 0 .5
1 0 6 .8
1 0 7 .6
1 09.1
1 0 9 .2
1 1 0 .7
1 1 7 .8
1 2 0 .4
1 2 3 .5
G r a in mill p ro d u c ts ..................................................................
204
1 0 5 .4
1 0 4 .9
1 0 7 .8
1 0 9 .2
1 0 8 .4
1 1 5 .4
1 0 8 .0
1 1 8 .2
1 2 6 .2
1 2 9 .3
1 2 7 .5
B a k e ry p ro d u c ts .......................................................................
205
9 2 .7
9 0 .6
9 3 .8
9 4 .4
9 6 .4
9 7 .3
9 5 .6
9 9.1
1 0 0 .9
1 0 6 .4
1 0 7 .6
S u g a r a n d c o n fe c tio n e ry p ro d u c ts ..................................
206
1 0 3 .2
1 0 2 .0
9 9 .8
1 0 4 .5
1 0 6 .2
1 0 8 .3
1 1 3 .7
1 1 6 .7
1 2 3 .0
1 2 7 .0
1 3 0 .5
F a ts a n d o ils ...............................................................................
207
118 .1
120.1
114.1
1 1 2 .6
1 1 1 .8
1 2 0 .3
110.1
1 2 0 .2
1 3 7 .3
1 5 4 .4
1 5 1 .4
1 2 8 .6
B e v e r a g e s ...................................................................................
208
1 1 7 .0
1 2 0 .0
1 27.1
1 2 6 .4
130.1
1 3 3 .5
1 3 5 .0
1 3 5 .5
1 3 6 .4
1 2 9 .7
M is c e lla n e o u s fo o d a n d k in d re d p ro d u c ts ..................
209
9 9 .2
1 0 1 .7
1 0 1 .5
1 0 5 .2
1 0 0 .9
1 0 2 .9
109.1
1 0 4 .0
1 1 2 .4
1 1 3 .9
1 1 6 .3
C ig a r e t te s ...................................................................................
211
1 1 3 .2
1 0 7 .6
1 1 1 .6
1 0 6 .5
1 2 6 .6
1 4 2 .9
1 4 7 .2
1 4 7 .2
1 5 2 .2
1 3 7 .7
1 39 .1
B ro a d w o v e n fa b ric m ills, c o tto n ......................................
221
103.1
1 1 1 .2
1 1 0 .3
1 1 7 .8
1 22.1
1 3 4 .0
1 3 7 .3
1 3 1 .2
1 3 6 .2
1 3 9 .3
1 4 0 .2
B ro a d w o v e n fa b ric m ills, m a n m a d e ..............................
222
1 1 1 .3
1 1 6 .2
1 2 6 .2
1 3 1 .7
1 4 2 .5
1 4 5 .3
1 4 7 .6
1 6 2 .2
1 6 8 .6
1 7 5 .3
1 6 7 .4
N a r r o w fa b ric m ills .................................................................
224
9 6 .5
9 9 .6
1 1 2 .9
1 1 1 .4
120.1
1 1 8 .9
1 2 6 .3
1 1 0 .8
1 1 7 .7
1 2 4 .9
1 17 .1
K n ittin g m ills ..............................................................................
225
1 0 7 .5
1 1 4 .0
1 1 9 .3
1 2 7 .9
1 34.1
1 3 8 .3
1 5 0 .3
1 3 8 .0
1 3 5 .9
1 4 6 .6
1 5 5 .6
9 4 .4
9 7 .2
8 3 .4
7 8 .5
7 9 .2
9 4 .3
9 3 .7
9 3 .3
9 5 .8
1 0 0 .2
1 0 0 .3
1 0 2 .3
9 6 .0
1 0 3 .0
1 3 0 .7
1 3 7 .4
1 4 7 .4
1 5 0 .4
1 5 3 .0
1 5 7 .6
1 5 5 .4
1 1 8 .5
1 2 3 .7
1 23.1
1 1 8 .7
120 .1
1 2 8 .0
1 3 4 .4
1 0 8 .4
1 1 1 .7
1 2 3 .4
1 3 4 .7
162 .1
1 7 4 .8
1 9 0 .9
2 0 0 .3
1 0 9 .4
1 2 1 .8
1 2 7 .4
1 3 5 .5
1 4 1 .6
1 4 9 .9
1 5 1 .9
1 7 3 .9
1 8 9 .9
1 1 3 .7
1 1 7 .4
1 2 4 .5
1 3 8 .0
1 6 1 .3
1 7 4 .5
2 0 8 .9
2 1 6 .4
2 9 4 .7
3 5 2 .3
91.1
9 3 .6
8 7 .2
7 7 .7
8 4 .3
8 2 .2
8 7.1
9 8 .7
9 9 .3
1 06 .1
9 1 .8
9 1 .3
9 4 .0
1 0 5 .5
1 1 6 .8
120 .1
1 0 1 .5
1 0 8 .0
1 0 5 .8
1 1 1 .3
7 9 .9
7 8 .6
7 9 .3
T e x tile fin is h in g , e x c e p t w o o l........................................... .
226
C a r p e ts a n d ru g s .....................................................................
227
9 3 .2
8 9 .2
96.1
9 7.1
Y a r n a n d th re a d m ills ...........................................................
228
1 1 0 .2
1 1 1 .4
1 1 9 .6
1 2 6 .6
M is c e lla n e o u s te x tile g o o d s ..............................................
229
1 0 9 .2
1 0 4 .6
1 0 6 .5
1 1 0 .4
M e n 's a n d b o y s' fu rn is h in g s ..............................................
232
102.1
1 0 8 .4
109.1
W o m e n 's a n d m iss e s' o u te rw e a r.....................................
233
104.1
1 0 4 .3
W o m e n 's a n d c h ild re n 's u n d e rg a rm e n ts .....................
234
102.1
H a ts , c a p s , a n d m illin e ry .....................................................
235
8 9 .2
M is c e lla n e o u s a p p a re l a n d a c c e s s o rie s .....................
238
9 0 .6
8 1 .2
M is c e lla n e o u s fa b ric a te d te x tile pro d u cts
239
9 9 .9
1 0 0 .7
1 0 7 .5
1 0 8 .5
1 0 7 .8
1 0 9 .2
1 0 5 .6
1 1 9 .2
1 1 7 .3
1 2 8 .8
1 3 2 .5
S a w m ills a n d p la n in g m ills ..................................................
242
9 9 .8
1 0 2 .6
108.1
1 0 1 .9
1 0 3 .3
1 1 0 .2
1 1 5 .6
1 1 6 .9
1 1 8 .7
1 2 5 .4
1 2 4 .4
M illw o rk , p ly w o o d , a n d structural m e m b e rs ...............
243
9 8 .0
9 8 .0
9 9 .9
9 7 .0
9 4 .5
9 2 .7
9 2 .4
89.1
9 1 .3
8 9 .2
9 1 .4
W o o d c o n ta in e r s .....................................................................
244
1 1 1 .2
113.1
1 0 9 .4
100 .1
1 0 0 .9
1 06.1
1 0 6 .7
1 0 6 .2
1 0 6 .5
1 0 3 .9
1 0 4 .6
W o o d b u ild in g s a n d m o b ile h o m e s ................................
245
103 .1
1 0 3 .0
103.1
1 0 3 .8
9 8 .3
9 7 .0
9 6 .7
1 0 0 .3
9 9 .2
1 0 0 .3
9 4 .6
M is c e lla n e o u s w o o d p ro d u c ts ..........................................
249
1 0 7 .7
1 1 0 .5
1 1 4 .2
1 1 5 .3
1 1 1 .8
1 1 5 .4
1 1 4 .4
1 2 3 .4
1 3 1 .2
1 4 0 .7
1 4 6 .5
H o u s e h o ld fu rn itu re ..............................................................
251
1 0 4 .5
1 07.1
1 1 0 .5
1 1 0 .6
1 1 2 .5
1 1 6 .9
1 2 1 .6
1 2 1 .3
1 2 5 .7
1 2 8 .9
1 2 8 .4
O ffic e fu rn itu re ..........................................................................
252
9 5 .0
9 4.1
1 0 2 .5
1 0 3 .2
1 0 0 .5
1 01.1
1 0 6 .4
1 1 8 .3
1 13 .1
1 0 8 .9
1 1 1 .2
P u b lic b u ild in g a n d re la te d fu rn itu re .............................
253
1 1 9 .8
1 2 0 .2
1 4 0 .6
1 6 1 .0
1 5 7 .4
1 7 3 .3
1 8 1 .5
2 1 4 .9
2 0 7 .6
2 2 2 .4
2 0 2 .0
1 2 5 .9
1 3 1 .9
P a rtitio n s a n d fix tu re s ...........................................................
254
9 5 .6
9 3 .0
1 0 2 .7
1 0 7 .4
9 8 .9
1 0 1 .2
9 7 .5
1 21 .1
1 2 5 .6
M is c e lla n e o u s fu rn itu re a n d fix tu re s .............................
259
1 0 3 .5
102.1
9 9 .5
1 0 3 .6
1 0 4 .7
1 1 0 .0
1 1 3 .2
1 1 0 .7
1 2 1 .9
119 .1
1 1 0 .5
P u lp m ills .....................................................................................
261
1 1 6 .7
1 2 8 .3
1 3 7 .3
1 2 2 .5
1 2 8 .9
1 3 1 .9
1 3 2 .6
8 2 .3
8 6 .6
8 4 .8
7 8 .8
P a p e r m ills .................................................................................
262
1 0 2 .3
9 9 .2
1 0 3 .3
1 0 2 .4
1 1 0 .2
1 1 8 .6
1 1 1 .6
1 1 2 .0
1 1 4 .8
1 2 6 .2
1 3 3 .5
P a p e rb o a rd m ills .....................................................................
263
1 0 0 .6
1 0 1 .4
1 0 4 .4
1 0 8 .4
1 1 4 .9
1 1 9 .5
1 1 8 .0
1 2 6 .7
1 2 7 .8
1 3 4 .9
1 3 5 .3
P a p e rb o a rd c o n ta in e rs a n d b o x e s ................................
265
1 0 1 .3
1 0 3 .4
1 0 5 .2
1 0 7 .9
1 0 8 .4
105.1
1 0 6 .3
1 0 9 .7
1 1 3 .5
1 1 1 .9
1 1 2 .9
M is c e lla n e o u s c o n v e rte d p a p e r p ro d u c ts ..................
267
1 0 1 .4
1 0 5 .3
1 0 5 .5
1 0 7 .9
1 1 0 .6
1 1 3 .3
1 1 3 .6
1 1 9 .5
1 2 3 .0
1 2 6 .0
1 2 8 .3
N e w s p a p e r s ..............................................................................
271
9 0 .6
8 5 .8
8 1 .5
7 9 .4
7 9 .9
7 9 .0
7 7 .4
7 9 .0
8 3 .6
8 6 .0
8 8 .3
P e r io d ic a ls .................................................................................
272
9 3 .9
8 9 .5
9 2 .9
8 9 .5
8 1 .9
8 7 .8
8 9.1
1 00 .1
1 1 2 .2
1 1 1 .2
1 0 9 .9
273
9 6 .6
1 0 0 .8
9 7 .7
1 0 3 .5
1 0 3 .0
1 0 1 .6
9 9 .3
1 0 2 .6
1 0 0 .9
1 06 .1
1 0 6 .1
M is c e lla n e o u s p u b lis h in g ...................................................
274
9 2 .2
9 5 .9
1 0 5 .8
1 0 4 .5
9 7 .5
9 4 .8
9 3 .6
1 1 4 .5
1 1 9 .4
1 2 7 .2
1 2 7 .8
C o m m e rc ia l p rin tin g ..............................................................
275
1 0 2 .5
1 0 2 .0
1 0 8 .0
1 0 6 .9
1 0 6 .5
1 0 7 .2
1 0 8 .3
1 0 8 .8
1 0 9 .9
1 1 5 .0
1 1 8 .7
M a n ifo ld b u s in e s s fo rm s .....................................................
276
9 3 .0
89.1
9 4 .5
91.1
8 2 .0
7 6 .9
7 5 .2
7 7 .9
7 6 .7
7 0 .6
6 9 .4
G r e e tin g c a r d s ..........................................................................
277
1 0 0 .6
9 2 .7
9 6 .7
9 1 .4
8 9 .0
9 2 .5
9 0 .8
9 2 .2
1 04 .1
1 0 9 .3
1 0 5 .1
B la n k b o o k s a n d b o o k b in d in g ...........................................
278
9 9 .4
96.1
1 0 3 .6
9 8 .7
1 0 5 .4
1 0 8 .7
1 1 4 .5
1 1 4 .2
1 1 6 .5
1 2 3 .8
1 2 6 .2
279
9 9 .3
1 0 0 .6
1 1 2 .0
1 1 5 .3
1 1 1 .0
1 1 6 .7
1 2 6 .2
1 2 3 .3
1 2 6 .7
1 2 1 .5
1 1 9 .6
281
1 0 6 .8
1 0 9 .7
1 0 9 .7
1 0 5 .6
1 0 2 .3
1 0 9 .3
110 .1
1 1 6 .8
1 4 5 .8
1 4 8 .5
1 4 1 .3
1 4 2 .2
1 4 8 .6
1 5 1 .0
1 0 6 .2
In d u s tria l in o rg a n ic c h e m ic a ls ........................................
P la s tic s m a te ria ls a n d s y n th e tic s ...................................
282
1 0 0 .9
1 0 0 .0
1 0 7 .5
1 1 2 .0
1 2 5 .3
1 2 8 .3
1 2 5 .3
1 3 5 .4
283
1 0 3 .8
1 0 4 .5
9 9 .5
9 9 .7
1 0 4 .6
1 0 8 .7
1 1 2 .5
1 1 2 .4
1 0 4 .3
1 0 5 .6
S o a p s , c le a n e rs , a n d to ile t g o o d s ................................
284
1 0 3 .8
1 0 5 .3
1 0 4 .4
1 0 8 .7
1 1 1 .2
1 1 8 .6
1 2 0 .9
1 2 6 .4
1 2 2 .7
1 1 4 .8
1 2 4 .8
P a in ts a n d a llie d p ro d u c ts ................................................
285
1 0 6 .3
1 0 4 .3
1 0 2 .9
1 0 8 .8
1 1 6 .7
1 1 8 .0
1 2 5 .6
1 2 6 .4
1 2 6 .8
1 2 2 .7
1 2 4 .6
In d u s tria l o rg a n ic c h e m ic a ls .............................................
286
1 0 1 .4
9 5 .8
9 4 .6
9 2 .2
9 9 .9
9 8 .6
9 9 .0
1 1 1 .3
1 0 5 .7
1 2 0 .6
1 2 7 .8
A g ric u ltu ra l c h e m ic a ls ..........................................................
287
1 0 4 .7
9 9 .5
9 9 .5
1 0 3 .8
1 0 5 .0
1 0 8 .5
1 1 0 .0
1 1 9 .8
1 1 8 .0
1 0 4 .6
1 1 2 .0
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d of ta b le .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
109
Current Labor Statistics:
Productivity Data
46. Continued - Annual indexes of output per hour for selected 3-digit SIC industries
[1987=100]
In d u s tr y
S IC
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
M is c e lla n e o u s c h e m ic a l p ro d u c ts ..................
289
1 0 1 .8
1 07.1
1 0 5 .7
P e tro le u m re fin in g ........................................
1 0 7 .8
110 .1
9Q1
1 2 0 .3
1 2 0 .8
1 2 3 .3
1 2 5 .6
1 1 1 .3
120.1
1 2 3 .8
1 3 2 .3
A s p h a lt p a v in g a n d ro o fin g m a te ria ls ..........................
1 4 2 .0
1 4 9 .2
1 5 5 .8
1 7 0 .2
295
1 8 0 .2
1 0 0 .4
1 0 8 .0
1 0 4 .9
1 1 1 .2
1 13.1
M is c e lla n e o u s p e tro le u m a n d c o al p ro d u c ts ...........
1 23 .1
1 2 4 .7
1 2 3 .4
299
3 01
126 .1
1 0 1 .5
1 0 4 .2
9 6 .3
8 7 .4
8 7.1
9 6 .5
9 8 .5
8 6 .5
8 2 .9
1 0 7 .8
1 1 6 .5
1 24.1
131 .1
1 3 8 .8
1 49 .1
1 44.1
1 42 .1
1 4 5 .9
T ire s a n d in n e r tu b e s ..........................
H o s e a n d b e ltin g a n d g a s k e ts a n d p a c k in g .............
9 6.1
9 4 .8
9 0 .6
305
9 7 .8
9 9 .7
1 0 2 .7
1 0 4 .6
1 0 7 .4
1 1 3 .5
1 1 2 .7
1 1 0 .6
1 1 5 .4
1 1 5 .2
1 23.1
1 19 .1
1 2 1 .5
1 2 1 .0
1 2 5 .3
1 3 2 .3
1 3 6 .9
1 4 4 .7
F a b r ic a te d ru b b e r p ro d u c ts , n .e .c ................................ .
306
1 0 9 .0
1 0 9 .9
M is c e lla n e o u s p la s tic s p ro d u c ts , n .e .c ....
308
1 0 5 .7
1 0 8 .3
1 1 4 .4
F o o tw e a r, e x c e p t r u b b e r.....................
314
101 .1
9 4 .4
1 0 4 .2
1 1 6 .7
1 2 0 .8
1 2 1 .0
1 2 4 .7
1 2 9 .9
1 3 3 .8
1 4 0 .9
1 4 5 .4
1 0 5 .2
1 1 3 .0
1 17.1
1 26.1
1 2 1 .4
1 1 0 .9
1 3 2 .6
1 4 6 .2
9 2 .7
9 7 .7
9 7 .6
9 9 .6
1 0 1 .5
1 0 7 .6
1 1 4 .0
1 2 9 .4
1 4 0 .4
1 0 2 .3
1 0 8 .9
1 0 8 .7
1 1 2 .9
1 1 5 .7
1 2 1 .4
1 2 8 .3
1 3 5 .2
1 3 9 .3
1 3 5 .8
9 7 .7
1 0 1 .5
1 0 6 .2
1 0 5 .9
106 .1
1 2 2 .0
1 25 .1
1 2 2 .0
1 3 0 .2
1 3 7 .2
115.1
1 1 9 .9
1 2 5 .6
1 2 4 .3
1 2 8 .7
133 .1
1 34 .1
1 3 8 .6
1 3 6 .9
1 1 1 .4
1 0 6 .8
1 1 4 .0
1 1 2 .6
1 1 9 .6
1 1 1 .9
1 1 4 .8
1 2 3 .5
1 2 4 .8
9 9 .5
1 0 0 .3
1 0 8 .5
1 0 9 .4
1 1 9 .4
1 2 4 .2
1 2 7 .4
1 2 2 .0
1 2 1 .2
F la t g la s s ................................................
G la s s a n d g la s s w a re , p re s s e d o r b lo w n ........
322
1 0 4 .8
P ro d u c ts o f p u rc h a s e d g la s s ...........................
3?3
C e m e n t, h y d ra u lic ...........................
3P4
S tru c tu ra l c la y p ro d u c ts ...............................
325
P o tte ry a n d re la te d p ro d u c ts ...........................
326
9 8 .7
9 5 .9
C o n c re te , g y p s u m , a n d p la s te r p ro d u c ts ...................
327
1 0 2 .3
1 0 1 .2
1 0 2 .5
1 0 4 .6
1 0 1 .5
1 0 4 .5
1 0 7 .3
M is c e lla n e o u s n o n m e ta llic m in era l p ro d u c ts ...........
1 0 7 .6
1 1 2 .8
1 11 .1
329
1 05 .1
9 5 .4
9 4 .0
1 0 4 .3
1 0 4 .5
1 0 6 .3
1 0 7 .8
1 1 0 .4
B la s t fu r n a c e a n d b a s ic s te e l p ro d u c ts .............
1 1 4 .7
1 1 4 .9
1 1 3 .3
331
1 16.1
1 0 9 .7
1 0 7 .8
1 1 7 .0
1 3 3 .6
1 4 2 .4
1 4 2 .6
Iro n a n d s te e l fo u n d rie s ..................................
1 4 7 .5
1 5 5 .0
1 5 1 .0
1 5 5 .6
1 60 .1
332
106 .1
1 0 4 .5
1 0 7 .2
1 12.1
1 1 3 .0
1 1 2 .7
P rim a ry n o n fe rro u s m e ta ls .............................
1 1 6 .2
1 2 0 .8
1 21.1
1 2 8 .9
132 .1
333
1 0 2 .3
1 1 0 .7
1 0 1 .9
1 0 7 .9
1 0 5 .3
1 1 1 .0
1 1 0 .8
1 1 2 .0
1 1 8 .9
1 1 7 .7
1 1 1 .9
N o n fe rro u s ro llin g a n d d r a w in g ................
335
9 2 .7
9 1 .0
9 6 .0
9 8 .3
1 0 1 .2
9 9 .2
1 0 4 .0
N o n fe rro u s fo u n d rie s (c a s tin g s ).......................
1 1 1 .3
1 1 5 .7
1 2 1 .4
336
1 0 4 .0
1 0 3 .6
1 0 3 .6
1 0 8 .5
1 12.1
1 1 7 .8
M is c e lla n e o u s p rim a ry m e ta l p ro d u c ts ...........
1 2 2 .3
1 2 7 .0
1 3 1 .5
1 2 9 .8
1 2 9 .7
339
1 1 3 .7
109 .1
1 1 4 .5
1 1 1 .3
1 3 4 .5
1 5 2 .2
M e ta l c a n s a n d s h ip p in g c o n ta in e rs ...................
1 4 9 .6
1 3 6 .2
1 4 0 .0
1 4 9 .0
341
1 5 4 .3
1 1 7 .6
1 2 2 .9
1 2 7 .8
1 3 2 .3
1 4 0 .9
1 4 4 .2
1 5 5 .2
C u tle ry , h a n d to o ls , a n d h a r d w a re .............................
1 6 0 .3
1 6 3 .8
1 5 7 .9
342
1 5 9 .5
9 7 .3
9 6 .8
100 .1
1 0 4 .0
1 0 9 .2
1 1 1 .3
1 1 8 .2
1 1 4 .6
1 1 5 .7
1 2 1 .9
1 2 5 .4
1 1 8 .0
P lu m b in g a n d h e a tin g , e x c e p t e le c tric ..................
343
1 0 2 .6
1 0 2 .0
9 8 .4
1 0 2 .0
1 09.1
1 0 9 .2
1 1 8 .6
F a b ric a te d s tru c tu ra l m e ta l p ro d u c ts ........................
1 2 7 .3
1 3 0 .5
1 2 5 .7
344
1 3 2 .2
9 8 .8
1 0 0 .0
1 0 3 .9
1 0 4 .8
1 0 7 .7
1 0 5 .8
M e ta l fo rg in g s a n d s ta m p in g s ...........................
1 0 6 .5
1 1 1 .9
1 1 2 .7
1 1 2 .8
1 1 2 .8
346
9 5 .6
9 2 .9
1 0 3 .7
1 0 8 .7
1 0 8 .5
1 0 9 .3
M e ta l s e rv ic e s , n .e .c ...................................
1 1 3 .6
1 2 0 .2
1 2 5 .9
1 2 8 .3
347
1 2 9 .8
1 0 4 .7
9 9 .4
1 1 1 .6
1 2 0 .6
1 2 3 .0
1 2 7 .7
1 2 8 .4
O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o rie s , n .e .c ...................
1 2 4 .4
1 2 7 .3
126 .1
1 3 5 .7
348
8 2.1
8 1 .5
8 8 .6
8 4 .6
8 3 .6
8 7 .6
8 7 .5
9 3 .7
9 6 .6
9 1 .0
9 2 .8
M is c e lla n e o u s fa b ric a te d m e ta l p ro d u c ts ........
349
9 7 .5
9 7 .4
1 01.1
1 0 2 .0
1 0 6 .6
1 0 8 .3
1 0 7 .7
1 1 1 .6
1 0 9 .3
1 0 9 .2
1 0 3 .3
1 0 9 .2
1 2 2 .3
1 2 2 .7
1 3 6 .6
1 3 6 .9
1 46.1
1 5 1 .5
352
1 6 4 .5
1 1 6 .5
1 1 2 .9
1 1 3 .9
1 1 8 .6
1 2 5 .0
1 3 4 .7
E n g in e s a n d tu rb in e s ...............................................
F a rm a n d g a rd e n m a c h in e ry ................................
1 0 3 .2
1 3 7 .2
C o n s tru c tio n a n d re la te d m a c h in e ry .....................
1 4 1 .2
1 4 8 .5
1 2 8 .6
353
1 3 9 .6
1 0 7 .0
9 9.1
1 0 2 .0
1 0 8 .2
1 1 7 .7
1 22.1
M e ta lw o rk in g m a c h in e ry .............................
1 2 3 .3
1 3 2 .5
1 3 7 .6
1 3 3 .6
354
1 3 9 .8
1 01 .1
9 6 .4
1 0 4 .3
1 0 7 .4
1 0 9 .9
1 1 4 .8
1 1 4 .9
1 1 9 .2
1 1 9 .8
1 2 3 .0
1 2 9 .8
S p e c ia l in d u s try m a c h in e ry ...................................
355
1 0 7 .5
1 0 8 .3
1 0 6 .0
1 1 3 .6
1 2 1 .2
1 3 2 .3
1 3 4 .0
1 3 1 .7
G e n e r a l in d u s trial m a c h in e ry ...................................
1 2 4 .5
1 3 8 .6
356
1 7 2 .2
1 0 1 .5
1 0 1 .6
1 0 1 .6
1 0 4 .8
1 0 6 .7
1 0 9 .0
1 0 9 .4
C o m p u te r a n d o ffic e e q u ip m e n t................
1 1 0 .0
1 1 1 .2
1 13 .1
357
1 1 8 .7
138 .1
1 4 9 .6
1 9 5 .7
2 5 8 .6
3 2 8 .6
4 6 9 .4
6 8 1 .3
R e frig e ra tio n a n d s e rv ic e m a c h in e ry .............................
9 6 0 .2
1 3 5 6 .6
1 8 6 2 .5
358
2 1 7 2 .0
1 0 3 .6
1 0 0 .7
1 0 4 .9
1 0 8 .6
1 1 0 .7
1 1 2 .7
1 1 4 .7
In d u s trial m a c h in e ry , n .e .c ..........................
1 1 5 .0
1 2 1 .4
1 2 4 .0
1 2 2 .3
359
1 0 7 .3
1 0 9 .0
1 1 7 .0
1 1 8 .5
1 2 7 .4
1 3 8 .8
1 4 1 .4
1 2 9 .3
1 2 7 .5
1 3 5 .8
1 4 1 .8
361
1 0 6 .3
1 0 6 .5
1 1 9 .6
1 2 2 .2
1 3 1 .8
1 4 3 .0
1 4 3 .9
1 4 2 .8
1 4 7 .5
1 4 8 .9
1 5 5 .4
1 5 7 .0
E le c tric d is trib u tio n e q u ip m e n t.............................
E le c tric a l in d u s tria l a p p a r a tu s .............................
362
1 0 7 .7
1 07 .1
117.1
1 3 2 .9
1 3 4 .9
1 5 0 .8
H o u s e h o ld a p p lia n c e s .......................................
1 5 4 .3
1 6 4 .2
1 6 2 .3
1 5 8 .3
363
1 0 5 .8
1 0 6 .5
1 1 5 .0
1 2 3 .4
1 3 1 .4
1 2 7 .3
1 2 7 .4
E le c tric lig h tin g a n d w irin g e q u ip m e n t................
1 4 2 .9
1 5 0 .2
1 4 9 .5
1 6 2 .4
364
9 9 .9
9 7 .5
1 0 5 .7
1 0 7 .8
1 1 3 .4
1 1 3 .7
C o m m u n ic a tio n s e q u ip m e n t...................
1 1 6 .9
1 2 1 .8
1 2 9 .2
1 3 2 .4
366
1 3 4 .8
1 2 3 .8
1 29 .1
1 5 4 .9
163 .1
1 8 6 .4
2 0 0 .7
2 2 9 .5
2 7 5 .4
2 8 4 .5
3 7 1 .9
4 4 8 .8
E le c tro n ic c o m p o n e n ts a n d a c c e s s o rie s ................
367
1 3 3 .4
1 5 4 .7
1 8 9 .3
2 1 7 .9
2 7 4 .0
4 0 1 .5
5 1 5 .0
6 1 3 .4
M is c e lla n e o u s e le c tric a l e q u ip m e n t & s u p p lie s ...
7 6 8 .6
1 0 6 2 .6
1 4 4 0 .1
369
9 0 .6
9 8 .6
1 0 1 .3
1 0 8 .2
1 1 0 .5
1 14 .1
1 23 .1
M o to r v e h ic le s a n d e q u ip m e n t.............................
1 2 8 .3
1 3 5 .3
1 4 7 .2
371
1 5 6 .0
1 0 2 .4
9 6 .6
1 0 4 .2
1 0 6 .2
1 0 8 .8
1 0 6 .7
A irc ra ft a n d p a r ts ...........................................
1 0 7 .2
1 1 6 .3
1 2 5 .2
1 3 6 .7
1 27 .1
372
9 8 .9
1 0 8 .2
1 1 2 .3
1 1 5 .2
1 0 9 .5
1 0 7 .8
S h ip a n d b o a t b u ild in g a n d r e p a irin g ...................
1 13.1
1 1 4 .7
140 .1
1 38.1
373
1 3 2 .2
1 0 3 .7
9 6 .3
1 0 2 .7
1 0 5 .9
1 0 3 .8
98.1
9 9 .3
1 0 5 .5
1 0 2 .5
1 13.1
1 2 1 .6
2 1 8 .4
R a ilro a d e q u ip m e n t..............................................
374
1 41 .1
1 4 6 .9
1 4 7 .9
1 5 2 .5
1 5 0 .0
M o to rc y c le s , b ic y c le s , a n d p a r ts ..........................
1 4 8 .3
1 8 4 .2
1 89.1
2 1 2 .8
375
9 3 .8
9 9 .8
1 0 8 .4
1 3 0 .9
1 25 .1
1 2 0 .3
1 2 5 .5
G u id e d m iss ile s , s p a c e v e h ic le s , p a rts ..................
1 2 0 .4
1 2 7 .7
1 2 2 .4
1 1 9 .4
376
1 1 6 .5
1 1 0 .5
1 1 0 .5
1 1 9 .4
1 1 4 .9
1 1 6 .9
S e a r c h a n d n a v ig a tio n e q u ip m e n t.......................
1 25.1
1 3 3 .6
1 3 8 .9
1 56 .1
381
1 1 2 .7
1 1 3 .3
1 1 8 .9
122.1
1 29.1
1 32.1
1 4 9 .5
M e a s u rin g a n d c o n tro llin g d e v ic e s ........................
1 4 2 .2
1 4 9 .5
1 49.1
382
1 4 9 .6
1 6 3 .7
1 0 6 .4
1 13 .1
1 1 9 .9
1 2 4 .0
1 3 3 .8
1 4 6 .4
1 5 0 .5
1 4 2 .4
1 4 3 .5
1 5 2 .4
1 5 8 .5
1 5 1 .0
M e d ic a l in s tru m e n ts a n d s u p p lie s ...................
384
1 1 6 .9
1 1 8 .7
1 2 3 .5
1 2 7 .3
1 2 6 .7
1 3 1 .5
O p h th a lm ic g o o d s ................................
1 3 9 .8
1 4 7 .4
1 5 8 .6
1 6 0 .4
385
1 6 7 .0
1 2 1 .2
1 25 .1
1 4 4 .5
1 5 7 .8
1 6 0 .6
1 6 7 .2
1 8 8 .2
P h o to g ra p h ic e q u ip m e n t & s u p p lie s ..........................
1 9 6 .3
1 9 9 .0
2 3 5 .2
2 5 0 .2
386
1 0 7 .8
1 1 0 .2
1 1 6 .4
1 2 6 .9
1 3 2 .7
1 2 9 .5
1 2 8 .7
1 2 1 .5
J e w e lry , s ilv e rw a re , a n d p la te d w a r e ......................
1 2 8 .0
1 6 0 .6
1 6 9 .4
391
9 9 .3
9 5 .8
9 6 .7
9 6 .7
9 9 .5
1 0 0 .2
M u s ic a l in s tru m e n ts ..........................................
1 0 2 .6
1 1 4 .2
1 13 .1
1 3 4 .3
1 4 4 .9
393
9 7 .1
9 6 .9
9 6 .0
9 5 .6
8 8 .7
8 6 .9
7 8 .8
8 2 .9
8 1 .4
9 7.1
1 0 5 .3
S e e fo o tn o te s a t e n d of ta b le .
no
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
46. Continued - Annual indexes of output per hour for selected 3-digit SIC industries
[1987=100]
In d u s tr y
________
SIC
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
T o y s a n d s p o rtin g g o o d s .....................................................
394
108.1
1 0 9 .7
1 0 4 .9
1 1 4 .2
1 0 9 .7
1 1 3 .6
1 1 9 .9
1 2 5 .7
1 3 1 .6
1 2 6 .6
1 4 0 .4
P e n s , p e n c ils , o ffic e , a n d a rt s u p p lie s ..........................
395
1 1 8 .2
1 1 6 .8
1 1 1 .3
1 1 1 .6
1 2 9 .9
1 3 5 .2
144.1
1 2 7 .5
1 3 2 .5
1 2 3 .4
1 2 4 .9
C o s tu m e je w e lry a n d n o tio n s ............................................
396
1 0 5 .3
1 0 6 .7
1 1 0 .8
1 1 5 .8
1 2 9 .0
1 4 3 .7
1 4 2 .2
1 1 8 .0
1 3 1 .2
1 3 0 .8
1 4 5 .3
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu re s .............................................
399
1 0 6 .5
1 0 9 .2
1 0 9 .5
1 0 7 .7
1 06.1
108 .1
1 1 2 .8
1 0 9 .4
1 0 8 .5
1 1 4 .9
1 1 5 .9
T r a n s p o r t a t io n
R a ilro a d tr a n s p o rta tio n ........................................................
4 01 1
1 1 8 .5
1 2 7 .8
1 3 9 .6
1 4 5 .4
1 5 0 .3
1 5 6 .2
1 6 7 .0
1 6 9 .8
1 7 3 .3
1 8 2 .5
1 9 5 .8
T ru c k in g , e x c e p t lo c a l 1........................................................
4213
111.1
1 1 6 .9
1 2 3 .4
1 2 6 .6
1 2 9 .5
1 2 5 .4
1 3 0 .9
1 3 2 .4
1 2 9 .9
1 3 1 .6
1 3 1 .2
u m te o s ta te s p o stal s e rv ic e ~...........................................
431
1 0 4 .0
1 0 3 .7
1 0 4 .5
107 .1
1 0 6 .6
1 0 6 .5
1 0 4 .7
1 0 8 .3
1 0 9 .8
1 1 0 .9
1 1 3 .6
9 2 .9
9 2 .5
9 6 .9
1 0 0 .2
1 0 5 .7
1 0 8 .6
1 11.1
1 1 1 .6
1 0 8 .4
1 09 .1
1 1 0 .7
A ir tra n s p o rta tio n ..................................................................... 4 5 1 2 ,1 3 ,2 2 (p ts .)
U t ilitie s
T e le p h o n e c o m m u n ic a tio n s ...............................................
4 81
1 1 3 .3
1 1 9 .8
1 2 7 .7
1 3 5 .5
1 4 2 .2
148 .1
1 5 9 .5
1 6 0 .9
1 70 .1
1 8 6 .3
2 0 1 .3
R a d io a n d te le v is io n b ro a d c a s tin g ................................
483
1 0 4 .9
106.1
1 0 8 .3
1 0 6 .7
110 .1
1 0 9 .6
1 0 5 .8
1 0 1 .7
1 0 4 .5
1 0 8 .4
1 0 9 .9
C a b le a n d o th e r p a y T V s e rv ic e s ...................................
484
9 2 .6
8 7 .6
8 8 .5
8 5 .3
8 3 .4
8 4 .5
8 1 .9
8 4 .7
8 6.1
8 5 .0
8 7 .6
E le c tric u tilitie s .........................................................................
4 9 1 ,3(p ts .)
1 10.1
1 1 3 .4
1 1 5 .2
2 4.1
5 0 .5
8 0 .8
1 1 6 .8
1 5 0 .0
1 5 9 .6
1 6 2 .0
1 6 9 .6
G a s u tilitie s ................................................................................
4 9 2 ,3 (p ts .)
1 0 5 .8
1 0 9 .6
1 11.1
1 2 1 .8
1 2 5 .6
1 37.1
1 4 5 .9
1 5 8 .6
1 4 4 .4
1 4 7 .2
1 6 0 .6
T ra d e
L u m b e r a n d o th e r b u ild in g m a te ria ls d e a le r s ...........
521
1 0 4 .3
1 0 2 .3
1 0 6 .4
1 1 1 .4
1 1 8 .9
1 1 7 .8
1 2 1 .6
1 2 1 .8
1 3 4 .2
1 4 3 .0
1 4 4 .2
P a in t, g la s s , a n d w a llp a p e r s to re s .................................
523
1 0 6 .8
1 0 0 .4
1 0 7 .6
1 1 4 .2
1 2 7 .8
1 3 0 .9
1 3 3 .5
1 3 4 .8
1 6 3 .5
165.1
1 70.1
H a r d w a r e s to r e s ......................................................................
525
1 1 5 .3
1 0 8 .7
1 1 5 .2
1 1 3 .9
1 2 1 .2
1 1 5 .6
1 1 9 .5
1 1 9 .0
1 3 7 .9
1 4 7 .6
1 4 5 .7
R e ta il n u rs e rie s , la w n a n d g a rd e n su p p ly s to re s ...
526
8 4 .7
8 9 .3
1 0 1 .2
107.1
1 1 7 .0
1 1 7 .4
1 3 6 .4
1 2 7 .5
1 3 3 .7
1 5 0 .4
1 5 4 .5
D e p a rtm e n t s to re s ..................................................................
531
9 6 .8
1 0 2 .0
1 0 5 .4
1 1 0 .4
1 1 3 .5
1 16.1
1 2 3 .8
1 29 .1
1 3 5 .8
1 4 6 .0
1 6 0 .4
3 3 0 .9
2 2 4 .3
V a r ie ty s to re s ...........................................................................
533
1 5 4 .6
1 5 9 .0
1 7 3 .9
1 9 1 .9
1 9 7 .9
2 1 2 .4
2 4 0 .4
2 6 0 .1
2 7 1 .2
3 1 5 .0
M is c e lla n e o u s g e n e ra l m e rc h a n d is e s to re s .............
539
1 1 8 .6
1 2 4 .8
1 4 0 .4
1 6 4 .3
1 6 4 .8
1 6 7 .4
1 6 7 .7
1 7 0 .4
1 8 5 .9
1 9 9 .6
9 2 .2
9 5 .3
96.1
G r o c e r y s to r e s ..........................................................................
541
9 6 .6
9 6 .3
9 6 .5
9 6 .0
9 5 .4
9 3 .9
92.1
9 1 .7
M e a t a n d fis h (s e a fo o d ) m a rk e ts ....................................
542
9 8 .9
9 0 .8
9 9 .2
9 7 .7
9 5 .7
9 4 .4
8 6 .4
9 0 .8
9 5 .7
9 7 .4
110.0
R e ta il b a k e r ie s ........................................................................
546
9 1 .2
9 6 .7
9 6 .5
8 6 .5
8 5 .3
8 3 .0
7 5 .9
6 7 .6
68.1
83.1
8 8 .4
N e w a n d u s e d c a r d e a le r s ................................................
551
1 0 6 .7
1 0 4 .9
1 0 7 .4
1 0 8 .6
1 0 9 .7
108.1
1 09.1
1 0 8 .8
1 0 8 .7
1 1 1 .6
1 1 2 .5
A u to a n d h o m e s u p p ly s to re s ..........................................
553
1 0 3 .7
1 0 0 .2
1 0 1 .6
1 0 0 .8
1 0 5 .3
109.1
1 0 8 .2
1 08.1
1 13.1
1 1 5 .5
1 1 9 .3
G a s o lin e s e rv ic e s ta tio n s ...................................................
554
1 0 3 .0
1 0 4 .8
1 1 0 .2
1 1 5 .9
121.1
1 2 7 .2
126 .1
1 26.1
1 3 3 .9
1 4 1 .7
1 3 9 .0
M e n 's a n d b o y 's w e a r s to re s ...........................................
561
1 1 5 .6
1 2 1 .9
1 2 2 .3
1 1 9 .5
1 2 1 .7
1 2 1 .4
1 2 9 .8
1 3 6 .3
1 4 5 .2
1 5 4 .5
1 6 5 .0
W o m e n 's c lo th in g s to re s ....................................................
562
1 0 6 .6
1 1 1 .2
1 2 3 .6
1 3 0 .0
1 3 0 .4
1 3 9 .9
1 5 4 .2
1 5 7 .3
1 7 6 .0
1 9 0 .2
2 0 5 .7
F a m ily c lo th in g s to re s ..........................................................
565
1 0 7 .8
1 1 1 .5
1 1 8 .6
1 2 1 .5
1 2 7 .7
1 4 1 .8
1 4 6 .9
1 5 0 .2
153 .1
1 5 5 .9
1 6 0 .4
S h o e s to r e s ..............................................................................
566
1 0 7 .9
1 0 7 .8
1 1 5 .5
1 1 7 .3
1 3 0 .7
1 3 9 .2
1 5 1 .9
1 4 8 .4
1 4 5 .0
1 5 2 .9
1 6 0 .2
F u rn itu re a n d h o m e fu rn ish in g s s to re s ........................
571
1 0 4 .6
1 0 5 .4
1 1 3 .9
1 1 3 .3
1 1 4 .7
1 1 7 .4
1 2 3 .6
1 2 4 .2
1 2 7 .3
1 3 4 .5
141 .1
H o u s e h o ld a p p lia n c e s to re s .............................................
572
1 0 4 .6
1 0 7 .2
116.1
1 1 8 .7
1 2 2 .4
1 3 9 .6
1 4 2 .2
1 5 5 .2
1 8 4 .2
1 8 6 .4
2 0 9 .3
R a d io , te le v is io n , c o m p u te r, a n d m u sic s to re s .......
573
1 2 0 .8
1 2 9 .3
1 3 9 .3
1 5 3 .8
1 7 8 .2
1 98.1
2 0 6 .6
2 1 6 .8
2 5 8 .3
3 09 .1
3 5 9 .4
E a tin g a n d d rin k in g p la c e s ...............................................
581
1 0 4 .5
1 0 3 .8
1 0 3 .4
1 0 3 .8
102 .1
1 0 2 .0
1 0 0 .6
1 0 1 .6
1 0 2 .0
1 0 4 .0
1 0 7 .3
D ru g a n d p ro p rie ta ry s to re s .............................................
591
1 0 6 .3
1 0 8 .0
1 0 7 .6
1 0 9 .6
1 0 9 .9
1 11.1
1 1 3 .9
1 1 9 .8
1 2 5 .7
1 2 9 .8
1 3 6 .9
L iq u o r s to re s ............................................................................
592
1 0 5 .9
1 0 6 .9
1 0 9 .6
1 0 1 .8
1 00.1
1 0 4 .7
1 1 3 .8
1 0 9 .9
1 1 6 .5
1 1 4 .5
1 2 7 .7
U s e d m e rc h a n d is e s to re s ..................................................
593
1 0 3 .0
1 0 2 .3
1 1 5 .7
1 1 6 .7
1 1 9 .5
1 2 0 .6
1 3 2 .6
1 4 0 .3
1 6 3 .6
1 8 3 .2
2 1 6 .7
M is c e lla n e o u s s h o p p in g g o o d s s to re s ........................
594
1 0 7 .4
1 0 9 .3
1 0 7 .9
1 1 1 .7
1 1 7 .3
1 2 3 .2
1 2 5 .3
1 2 9 .4
1 3 8 .7
1 4 3 .7
1 5 0 .6
2 0 8 .3
2 2 0 .6
2 6 3 .2
N o n s to re re ta ile rs ..................................................................
596
111.1
1 1 2 .5
1 2 6 .5
1 3 2 .2
1 4 9 .0
1 5 2 .5
1 7 3 .5
1 8 6 .8
F u e l d e a le r s .............................................................................
598
8 4 .6
8 5 .3
8 4 .3
9 1 .9
9 9 .0
1 1 1 .4
1 1 2 .5
1 09 .1
1 0 5 .8
1 1 5 .2
1 1 7 .3
1 2 7 .0
1 4 0 .2
1 4 7 .8
1 5 7 .4
1 6 2 .5
1 68 .1
599
1 1 4 .5
1 0 4 .0
1 1 2 .5
118.1
1 2 5 .8
C o m m e rc ia l b a n k s ................................................................
602
1 0 7 .7
1 10.1
1 1 1 .0
1 1 8 .5
1 2 1 .7
1 2 6 .4
1 2 9 .7
1 3 3 .0
1 3 2 .6
1 3 5 .9
1 4 3 .2
H o te ls a n d m o te ls .................................................................
701
9 6 .2
9 9 .3
1 0 8 .0
1 0 6 .5
1 0 9 .9
1 1 0 .5
1 1 0 .0
1 0 8 .2
1 0 8 .2
1 0 9 .9
1 14.1
L a u n d ry , c le a n in g , a n d g a rm e n t s e rv ic e s ................
721
1 0 2 .3
9 9 .9
9 9 .3
9 9 .9
1 0 5 .0
1 0 6 .6
1 0 9 .8
1 0 9 .0
1 1 6 .0
1 2 0 .8
1 2 3 .6
P h o to g ra p h ic s tudios, p o rtra it........................................
722
9 8 .2
92.1
9 5 .8
1 0 1 .8
1 0 8 .3
1 1 6 .2
1 1 0 .7
1 14 .1
1 2 1 .6
1 0 7 .7
112.0
B e a u ty s h o p s ...........................................................................
723
9 7 .5
9 5 .8
1 0 0 .9
9 7 .0
101 .1
1 0 4 .8
1 0 7 .6
1 0 8 .5
1 1 0 .5
1 1 3 .4
1 1 4 .5
B a rb e r s h o p s ...........................................................................
724
1 0 0 .7
9 4 .9
1 1 3 .2
1 2 1 .9
1 1 8 .8
1 1 5 .7
1 2 8 .8
1 5 0 .4
1 5 7 .4
1 3 2 .8
1 2 9 .9
F u n e ra l s e rv ic e s a n d c re m a to rie s ................................
726
9 1 .2
8 9 .9
1 0 3 .8
9 8 .7
1 0 4 .3
1 0 0 .2
9 7 .6
1 0 1 .9
1 0 4 .2
1 0 0 .2
9 3 .9
A u to m o tiv e re p a ir s h o p s ...................................................
753
1 0 7 .9
1 00.1
1 05.1
1 0 5 .7
1 1 4 .3
1 2 1 .6
1 16.1
1 1 7 .2
1 2 4 .9
1 2 6 .4
1 2 8 .5
M o tio n p ictu re th e a te rs .......................................................
783
118.1
1 1 8 .2
1 1 4 .8
1 1 3 .8
1 1 0 .4
1 0 5 .0
1 04 .1
1 0 3 .4
1 06 .1
1 0 8 .7
1 1 2 .3
R e ta il s to re s , n .e .c ................................................................
F in a n c e a n d s e r v ic e s
1
R e fe rs to o u tp u t p e r e m p lo y e e .
n .e .c . = not e ls e w h e re c la s s ifie d
* R e fe rs to o u tp u t p e r fu ll-tim e e q u iv a le n t e m p lo y e e y e a r o n fiscal ba sis .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
111
Current Labor Statistics:
International Comparison
47. Unemployment rates, approximating U.S. concepts, in nine countries, quarterly data
seasonally adjusted
Annual average
Country
2001
U n ite d S ta te s ..........
2002
4 .8
5 .8
2001
I
II
4 .2
2002
III
4 .5
IV
1
II
III
IV
4 .8
5 .6
5 .6
5 .9
5 .7
5 .9
6 .8
7.1
6 .9
7 .0
6 .9
6 .2
6.1
C a n a d a ......................
6 .4
7 .0
6 .2
6 .3
6 .5
A u s tra lia ...................
6 .7
6 .3
6 .5
6 .8
6 .8
6 .8
6 .6
6 .3
J a o a n 1.......................
5.1
5 .4
4 .8
4 .9
5 .2
5 .5
5 .3
5 .4
8 .5
5 .5
8 .8
5 .5
F r a n c e 1......................
8 .5
8 .4
8 .5
8 .6
8 .7
8 .7
8 .9
8 .9
G e r m a n y 1................
8 .0
8 .4
7 .9
8 .0
8 .0
8.1
8 .2
8 .4
8 .5
8 .6
Ita ly 2 ............................
9 .6
9.1
1 0 .0
9 .7
9 .5
9 .4
9 .2
9.1
9.1
9 .0
S w e d e n 1...................
5 .0
5 .2
5.1
5 .0
5 .0
5.1
5 .0
5 .0
5 .2
5 .4
U n ite d K in n d n m 1
5.1
5 .2
5.1
5 .0
5.1
5 .2
5.1
5 .2
5 .3
5.1
P re lim in a ry for 2 0 0 2 fo r J a p a n , F ra n c e , G e rm a n y , S w e d e n , a n d
th e U n ite d K in g d o m .
2
a n n u a l a d ju s tm e n t fa c to rs to c u rre n t p u b lish ed d a ta ,
a n d th e r e fo r e s h o u ld
b e v ie w e d a s
less p re c is e in d ica to rs
u n e m p lo y m e n t u n d e r U .S . c o n c e p ts th a n th e a n n u a l fig u re s.
112
L a b o r F o r c e S t a t is t ic s , T e n C o u n t r ie s , 1 9 5 9 - 2 0 0 2 (B u re a u o f L a b o r
Q u a rte rly fig u re s for F ra n c e a n d G e rm a n y a r e c a lc u la te d
b y a p p ly in g
For
fu rth e r q u a lific a tio n s a n d historical d a ta , s e e C o m p a r a t i v e C iv ilia n
Q u a rte rly r a te s a r e fo r th e first m o n th o f th e q u a rte r.
No te:
S e e "N o te s on th e d a ta " for in fo rm a tio n on b re a k s in s e rie s .
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
of
S ta tistic s , A p r. 1 4 , 2 0 0 3 ) , o n th e In te rn e t a t
http://www.bls.gow/fls/home.htm
M o n th ly a n d q u a rte rly u n e m p lo y m e n t ra te s , u p d a te d m o n th ly, a re
a ls o o n this site.
48.
Annual data: Employment status of the working-age population, approximating U.S. concepts, 10 countries
[ N u m b e r s in t h o u s a n d s ]
Employment status and country
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Civilian labor force
U n ite d S ta te s ..................................................................................
1 2 8 ,1 0 5
1 2 9 ,2 0 0
1 3 1 ,0 5 6
1 3 2 ,3 0 4
1 3 3 ,9 4 3
1 3 6 ,2 9 7
1 3 7 ,6 7 3
1 3 9 ,3 6 8
1 4 2 ,5 8 3
1 4 3 ,7 3 4
1 4 4 ,8 6 3
C a n a d a .............................................................................................
1 4 ,1 7 7
1 4 ,3 0 8
1 4 ,4 0 0
1 4 ,5 1 7
1 4,6 69
1 4,9 58
1 5 ,2 3 7
1 5 ,5 3 6
1 5 ,7 8 9
1 6 ,0 2 7
1 6 ,4 7 5
A u s tra lia ............................................................................................
8 ,5 5 7
8 ,6 1 3
8 ,771
8 ,9 9 5
9 ,1 1 5
9 ,2 0 4
9 ,3 3 9
9 ,4 6 6
9 ,6 7 8
9 ,8 1 7
9 ,9 6 4
J a p a n .................................................................................................
6 5 ,0 4 0
6 5 ,4 7 0
6 5 ,7 8 0
6 5 ,9 9 0
6 6 ,4 5 0
6 7 ,2 0 0
6 7 ,2 4 0
6 7 ,0 9 0
6 6 ,9 9 0
6 6 ,8 7 0
6 6 ,2 4 0
-
F ra n c e ...............................................................................................
2 4 ,4 4 0
2 4 ,4 8 0
2 4 ,6 7 0
2 4 ,7 5 0
2 5 ,0 0 0
2 5 ,1 3 0
2 5 ,4 4 0
2 5 ,8 0 0
2 6 ,0 5 0
2 6 ,3 4 0
G e rm a n y .......................................................................................... .
3 9 ,0 1 0
3 9 ,1 0 0
3 9 ,0 7 0
3 8 ,9 8 0
3 9 ,1 4 0
3 9 ,4 2 0
3 9 ,7 5 0
3 9 ,8 0 0
3 9 ,7 5 0
3 9 ,7 8 0
-
Ita ly .....................................................................................................
2 2 ,9 1 0
2 2 ,5 7 0
2 2 ,4 5 0
2 2 ,4 6 0
2 2 ,5 7 0
2 2 ,6 8 0
2 2 ,9 6 0
2 3 ,1 3 0
2 3 ,3 4 0
2 3 ,5 4 0
2 3 ,7 5 0
N e th e rla n d s ....................................................................................
6 ,9 2 0
7 ,0 2 0
7 ,1 5 0
7 ,2 0 0
7 ,3 9 0
7 ,5 3 0
7 ,6 1 0
7 ,8 3 0
8 ,1 3 0
8 ,2 9 0
-
S w e d e n .............................................................................................
4 ,5 2 0
4 ,4 4 3
4 ,4 1 8
4 ,4 6 0
4 ,4 5 9
4 ,4 1 8
4 ,4 0 2
4 ,4 3 0
4 ,4 8 9
4 ,5 3 0
4 ,5 4 2
U n ite d K in g d o m .............................................................................
2 8 ,4 1 0
2 8 ,0 5 0
2 7 ,9 9 0
2 8 ,0 4 0
2 8 ,1 4 0
2 8 ,2 7 0
2 8 ,3 8 0
2 8 ,6 1 0
2 8 ,7 8 0
2 8 ,8 7 0
-
Participation rate1
U n ite d S ta te s .................................................................................
6 6 .4
6 6 .3
6 6 .6
6 6 .6
6 6 .8
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
6 6 .8
6 6 .9
C a n a d a .............................................................................................
6 5 .9
6 5 .5
6 5 .2
6 4 .9
6 4 .7
6 5 .0
6 5 .4
6 5 .8
6 5 .9
6 6 .0
6 6 .8
A u s tra lia ............................................................................................
6 3 .9
6 3 .5
6 3 .9
6 4 .6
6 4 .6
6 4 .3
6 4 .3
6 4 .2
6 4 .7
6 4 .7
6 4 .7
J a p a n .................................................................................................
6 3 .4
6 3 .3
63.1
6 2 .9
6 3 .0
6 3 .2
6 2 .8
6 2 .4
6 2 .0
6 1 .6
6 0 .8
5 6 .8
F ra n c e ...............................................................................................
5 5 .6
5 5 .4
5 5 .5
5 5 .4
5 5 .6
5 5 .5
5 5 .9
5 6 .3
5 6 .5
G e rm a n y ...........................................................................................
5 8 .2
5 7 .7
5 7 .4
57.1
57.1
5 7 .3
5 7 .7
5 7 .6
5 7 .4
57
-
Ita ly .....................................................................................................
4 7 .5
4 7 .9
4 7 .3
47.1
47.1
4 7 .2
4 7 .6
4 7 .8
48.1
4 8 .3
4 8 .6
N e th e rla n d s ....................................................................................
5 7 .5
5 8 .0
5 8 .6
5 8 .7
6 0 .0
6 0 .8
6 1 .0
6 2 .4
6 4 .4
6 5 .4
-
S w e d e n ...................................................................... ......................
6 5 .7
6 4 .5
6 3 .7
64.1
6 4 .0
6 3 .3
6 2 .8
6 2 .8
6 3 .8
6 3 .7
6 3 .6
U n ite d K in q d o m .............................................................................
63.1
6 2 .5
6 2 .3
6 2 .3
6 2 .3
6 2 .4
6 2 .5
6 2 .7
6 2 .8
6 2 .7
-
Employed
U n ite d S ta te s ..................................................................................
1 1 8 ,4 9 2
1 20 ,2 5 9
1 2 3 ,0 6 0
1 24 ,9 0 0
1 2 6 ,7 0 8
1 2 9 ,5 5 8
1 3 1 ,4 6 3
1 3 3 ,4 8 8
136 ,89 1
1 3 6 ,9 3 3
1 3 6 ,4 8 5
C a n a d a .............................................................................................
1 2,6 72
1 2,7 70
1 3 ,0 2 7
13,271
1 3 ,3 8 0
1 3 ,7 0 5
1 4 ,0 6 8
1 4 ,4 5 6
1 4 ,8 2 7
1 4 ,9 9 7
1 5 ,3 2 5
A u s tra lia ............................................................................................
7 ,6 6 0
7 ,6 9 9
7 ,9 4 2
8 ,2 5 6
8 ,3 6 4
8 ,4 4 4
8 ,6 1 8
8 ,8 0 8
9 ,0 6 8
9 ,1 5 7
9 ,3 3 4
J a p a n .................................................................................................
6 3 ,6 2 0
6 3 ,8 1 0
6 3 ,8 6 0
6 3 ,8 9 0
6 4 ,2 0 0
6 4 ,9 0 0
6 4 ,4 5 0
6 3 ,9 2 0
6 3 ,7 9 0
6 3 ,4 7 0
6 2 ,6 5 0
-
F ra n c e ...............................................................................................
2 2 ,0 0 0
2 1 ,7 1 0
2 1 ,7 5 0
2 1 ,9 5 0
2 2 ,0 4 0
2 2 ,1 7 0
2 2 ,5 8 0
2 3 ,0 7 0
2 3 ,6 7 0
2 4 ,1 0 0
G e rm a n y ..........................................................................................
3 6 ,3 9 0
3 5 ,9 9 0
3 5 ,7 6 0
3 5 ,7 8 0
3 5 ,6 4 0
3 5 ,5 1 0
3 6 ,0 6 0
3 6 ,3 6 0
3 6 ,5 4 0
3 6 ,5 9 0
-
Ita ly ....................................................... .............................................
2 1 ,2 3 0
2 0 ,2 7 0
1 9 ,9 4 0
1 9 ,8 2 0
1 9 ,9 2 0
1 9 ,9 9 0
2 0 ,2 1 0
2 0 ,4 6 0
2 0 ,8 4 0
2 1 ,2 7 0
2 1 ,5 8 0
6 ,5 5 0
6 ,5 7 0
6 ,6 6 0
6 ,7 3 0
6 ,9 5 0
7 ,1 6 0
7 ,3 1 0
7 ,5 8 0
7 ,9 0 0
8 ,0 9 0
S w e d e n .............................................................................................
4 ,2 6 5
4 ,0 2 8
3 ,9 9 2
4 ,0 5 6
4 ,0 1 9
3 ,9 7 3
4 ,0 3 4
4 ,1 1 7
4 ,2 2 9
4 ,3 0 3
U n ited K in g d o m ............................................................................
2 5 ,5 3 0
2 5 ,1 2 0
2 5 ,3 2 0
2 5 ,6 0 0
2 5 ,8 5 0
2 6 ,2 9 0
2 6 ,6 0 0
2 6 ,8 9 0
2 7 ,2 0 0
2 7 ,4 0 0
_
4 ,3 0 8
-
Employment-population ratio2
United S ta te s ..................................................................................
6 1 .5
6 1 .7
6 2 .5
6 2 .9
6 3 .2
6 3 .8
64.1
6 4 .3
6 4 .4
6 3 .7
6 2 .7
C a n a d a .............................................................................................
5 8 .9
5 8 .5
5 9 .0
5 9 .4
59.1
5 9 .7
6 0 .4
6 1 .3
62.1
6 1 .9
6 2 .4
A u s tra lia ...........................................................................................
5 7 .2
5 6 .8
5 7 .8
5 9 .2
5 9 .3
5 9 .0
5 9 .3
5 9 .8
6 0 .6
6 0 .4
6 0 .6
6 2 .0
6 1 .7
6 1 .3
6 0 .9
6 0 .9
6 1 .0
6 0 .2
5 9 .4
5 9 .0
5 8 .4
5 7 .5
_
_
50.1
49.1
4 9 .0
49.1
4 9 .0
4 9 .0
4 9 .6
5 0 .4
5 1 .4
5 1 .9
5 4 .2
5 3 .2
5 2 .6
5 2 .4
5 2 .0
5 1 .6
5 2 .3
5 2 .6
5 2 .7
5 2 .6
4 4 .0
4 3 .0
4 2 .0
4 1 .5
4 1 .6
4 1 .6
4 1 .9
4 2 .3
4 2 .9
4 3 .6
5 4 .5
5 4 .2
5 4 .6
5 4 .9
5 6 .4
5 7 .8
5 8 .6
6 0 .4
6 2 .6
6 3 .9
S w e d e n ............................................................................................
6 2 .0
5 8 .5
5 7 .6
5 8 .3
5 7 .7
5 6 .9
5 7 .6
5 8 .4
60.1
6 0 .5
6 0 .3
U n ited K in q d o m ............................................................................
5 6 .7
5 6 .0
5 6 .4
5 6 .9
5 7 .3
58.1
5 8 .6
5 9 .0
5 9 .4
5 9 .5
-
Ita ly .....................................................................................................
44.1
_
Unemployed
U n ited S ta te s ..................................................................................
9 ,6 1 3
8 ,9 4 0
7 ,9 9 6
7 ,4 0 4
7 ,2 3 6
6 ,7 3 9
6 ,2 1 0
5 ,8 8 0
5 ,6 9 2
6,8 0 1
8 ,3 7 8
C a n a d a .............................................................................................
1 ,5 0 5
1 ,5 3 9
1 ,3 7 3
1 ,2 4 6
1 ,2 8 9
1 ,252
1 ,1 6 9
1 ,0 8 0
962
1,031
1 ,1 5 0
A u s tra lia ...........................................................................................
897
914
8 29
7 39
751
760
721
658
611
661
629
J a p a n ................................................................................................
1 ,4 2 0
1 ,660
1 ,9 2 0
2 ,1 0 0
2 ,2 5 0
2 ,3 0 0
2 ,7 9 0
3 ,1 7 0
3 ,2 0 0
3 ,4 0 0
3 ,5 9 0
2 ,4 3 0
2 ,7 7 0
2 ,9 2 0
2 ,8 0 0
2 ,9 7 0
2 ,9 6 0
2 ,8 7 0
2 ,7 3 0
2 ,3 8 0
2 ,2 4 0
G e rm a n y ..........................................................................................
2 ,6 2 0
3 ,1 1 0
3 ,3 2 0
3 ,2 0 0
3 ,5 1 0
3 ,9 1 0
3 ,6 9 0
3 ,4 4 0
3 ,2 1 0
3 ,1 9 0
-
Ita ly .....................................................................................................
1 ,6 8 0
2 ,3 0 0
2 ,5 1 0
2 ,6 4 0
2 ,6 5 0
2 ,6 9 0
2 ,7 5 0
2 ,6 7 0
2 ,5 0 0
2 ,2 7 0
2 ,1 6 0
N e th e rla n d s ....................................................................................
370
440
490
480
440
370
3 00
250
220
200
-
S w e d e n ...................................................................... .....................
255
415
426
404
440
445
368
313
260
227
234
2 ,8 8 0
2 ,9 3 0
2 ,6 7 0
2 ,4 4 0
2 ,2 9 0
1 ,9 8 0
1 ,7 8 0
1 ,7 2 0
1 ,5 8 0
1 ,4 7 0
-
U n ited K ingdom .............................................................................
_
Unemployment rate
7 .5
6 .9
6.1
5.6
5 .4
4 .9
4 .5
4 .2
4 .0
4 .7
5 .8
C a n a d a .............................................................................................
10.6
1 0.8
9 .5
8.6
8 .8
8 .4
7 .7
7.0
6.1
6 .4
7 .0
A u s tra lia ...........................................................................................
1 0.5
10.6
9.4
8 .2
8 .2
8 .3
7 .7
7 .0
6 .3
6 .7
6 .3
2 .2
2 .5
2 .9
3.2
3 .4
3 .4
4.1
4 .7
4 .8
5.1
5 .4
9 .9
1 1.3
1 1.8
1 1.3
11.9
11.8
11.3
10.6
9.1
8 .5
8 .8
9 .3
8 .6
8.1
8 .0
8 .4
12.0
1 1.5
1 0.7
9 .6
9.1
6 .7
8 .0
8 .5
8.2
9 .0
9 .9
Ita ly ....................................................................................................
7 .3
10.2
11.2
1 1.8
11.7
11.9
5 .3
6 .3
6 .9
6 .7
6 .0
4 .9
3 .9
3 .2
2 .7
2 .4
S w e d e n ............................................................................................
5 .6
9 .3
9 .6
9.1
9 .9
10.1
8 .4
7.1
5 .8
5 .0
5 .2
U n ited K in g d o m ...........................................................................
10.1
10.4
9 .5
8.7
8.1
7 .0
6 .3
6 .0
5 .5
5.1
5 .2
1 Labor force a s a percent of th e w orking-age population.
2 E m p lo ym en t as a percent of the w o rking-age population.
N O T E : S e e n otes on th e da ta for inform ation on breaks in series.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
_
For further qualifications and historical data, see C o m p a r a t iv e C iv ilia n L a b o r F o r c e
S t a t is t ic s , T e n C o u n t r ie s , 1 9 5 9 -2 0 0 1 (B ureau of Labor Statistics, Apr. 1 4 ,2 0 0 3 ) ,
on the Internet at
http://www.bls.gov/fls/home.htm
Dash indicates d a ta are not a vailable.
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
113
Current Labor Statistics:
49.
International Comparison
Annual indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 12 countries
[1 9 9 2 = 100 ]
Item and country
1960
1970
1980
1990
1991
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Output per hour
United S ta te s ..............................................................
70.5
96.9
97.9
102.1
107.3
113.8
117.0
1 21.3
C a n a d a ...........................................................
142.9
145.6
3 7 .(
54.9
72.9
93.4
95.3
105.8
110.8
112.4
109.7
1 13.5
J a p a n ..............................................................................
113.1
116.0
118.4
116.1
13.(
37.5
63.2
94.4
99.0
101.7
103.3
111.0
116.1
1 21.0
121.2
126.9
134.1
128.1
32.9
65.4
96.8
99.1
102.5
108.4
113.2
117.0
127.0
129.2
129.5
133.4
134.1
100.6
1 46 .3
126.5
135.3
Belgium ..............................................
18.0
D e n m ark ..................................................
29 $
F ra n ce .........................................................................
2 2 .0
43.1
66.8
9 3.8
9 7.0
1 08.2
113.9
114.6
1 21.9
127.7
G e rm a n y ..................................................................
132.7
142.5
29.2
5 2 .0
77.2
9 9.0
9 8.3
101.8
109.5
112.2
113.9
1 19.4
Italy.............................................................................
120.3
120.4
127.9
128.2
2 3 .6
4 4.3
74.2
9 5.8
9 5.9
101.4
1 04.9
108.0
108.1
109 .9
110.0
109.9
N e th e rlan d s .....................................................................
113.0
1 15 .0
18.5
3 7.9
6 8.8
9 8.5
9 9.6
101.6
113.2
118.2
120.2
122 .3
125.0
128 .5
133.8
N o rw a y ................................................................
37.4
5 8.8
7 7.5
9 7.6
98.2
9 9.6
9 9 .6
1 00.7
102.5
102 .0
9 9.9
S w e d e n .......................................................................
103 .6
104.5
1 05.3
27.2
5 2.2
73.1
9 4.6
95.5
107.3
1 19.4
121.9
1 24.5
132 .3
United Kingdom .................................................
139.5
149 .7
158.0
1 60 .4
3 0 .0
4 3.2
5 4.3
8 9.2
93.8
103.9
107.1
104.9
103.8
1 05.2
107 .0
111.6
118.0
1 19 .8
Output
United S ta te s .....................................................................
-
-
7 5.8
101.6
9 8.3
1 03.5
111.1
118.4
C a n a d a .......................................................................
141.2
147.0
1 41 .3
3 3 .4
5 8.9
8 3.6
106.0
9 9 .0
1 05.9
114.1
119.6
119.6
127.7
J a p a n ............................................................................
1 32.8
1 41.0
1 48.8
1 43 .9
10.7
3 9.2
6 0.4
97.1
102.0
9 6.3
9 4 .9
9 8.9
1 03.0
106.5
100.2
1 01.9
121 .3
127.9
133.1
107 .6
99.1
Belgiu m .....................................................
3 0.7
5 7.6
78.2
1 01.0
100.7
9 7.0
1 01 .4
104.2
106.6
113 .8
1 16.4
D e n m a rk .............................................................
1 18.0
122.2
1 21 .7
4 0.8
6 8 .0
9 1 .4
102.8
101.5
9 5.6
1 05.6
111.6
106.7
115.2
115.7
115.1
1 22 .9
1 2 6 .7
64.1
F ra n c e .........................................................................
31.0
99.1
9 9.8
104.6
1 09.7
G e rm a n y ..........................................................................
115.0
118.7
124.1
1 26 .3
4 1 .5
7 0.9
85.3
99.1
1 02.3
9 2 .4
95.1
95.2
9 2 .5
9 5.7
9 7.2
9 5 .8
Ita ly ......................................................................................
1 01.7
1 01 .8
2 3 .0
48.1
84.4
9 9 .4
9 9.3
9 6.5
1 02.4
107.2
105 .4
108.8
1 10.7
88.7
9 5.7
1 00.3
104.9
110 .5
1 13.9
1 14 .6
N e th e rlan d s .........................................................
3 1.5
59.1
76.8
9 9.9
100.4
9 8.4
104.6
108.1
108.7
111.5
114.8
118.1
N o rw a y...................................................
1 23.7
5 7 .4
90.6
104.4
100.9
9 9 .0
1 01.7
104 .6
107.3
1 10.3
114.2
113.7
S w e d e n .........................................................................
1 13.6
110 .2
4 5 .9
80.7
9 0.7
110.1
104.1
101.9
117.1
128.4
131.1
138.0
147.6
1 57.8
168.7
United K ingdom ...................................................
167 .4
6 7.3
90.2
87.2
1 05.4
100.0
101.4
106.1
107 .8
1 08.5
1 09.9
110 .8
111.1
113 .3
1 10 .7
United S ta te s ...................................................................
92.1
1 04.4
107.5
1 04 .8
100.4
101.4
1 03.6
104.0
1 03.6
105.4
105.2
1 04.4
C a n a d a ..........................................................................
102.8
97.1
88.3
107.1
114.6
113.5
103.9
100.1
1 03 .0
1 06.4
1 09.0
112.4
J a p a n .......................................................................
117.5
121 .5
1 25.6
1 23 .9
77.8
104.4
9 5 .6
102.9
103.1
9 4.7
9 1 .9
89.1
8 8.7
8 8.0
8 2.7
8 0 .3
80.2
7 7 .4
9 3 .6
-
92.0
_
91.1
_
8 9.6
90.1
91.1
_
9 1 .7
9 0 .7
1 08 .9
Total hours
Belgium ............................................................
1 70.7
174.7
119.7
104.3
1 01.5
9 4 .7
D e n m a rk .......................................................................
136.5
129.0
101.1
103.7
102.1
9 4.8
_
_
F ra n c e .................................................................................
140.8
148.5
132.9
9 0.0
8 9 .4
G e rm a n y ...............................................................................
87.1
8 6 .3
142 .3
136.3
110.5
100.1
104.1
9 0.8
8 6 .8
8 4.9
8 1.2
80.1
8 0.7
79.6
7 9 .5
7 8 .8
9 7 .6
108.5
113.8
1 03.7
103.6
9 5.2
9 7 .6
9 9.3
9 7.5
9 9.0
1 00.6
1 00.5
Italy.................................................................................
1 05.6
102.9
95.1
9 2.7
92.1
9 1 .3
9 0 .0
100.7
9 9 .7
N eth e rlan d s .............................................................
170.5
156.1
1 11.7
1 01.4
100 .9
9 6.8
9 2 .4
9 1.5
9 0.4
91.1
9 1 .8
9 2 .0
N o rw ay......................................................................
9 2.5
153.6
153.9
134.7
1 03.4
100.8
102.1
1 05 .0
106.6
1 07.6
112 .0
1 13.7
1 09.6
105 .4
1 03 .4
S w e d e n ........................................................................
168.3
154.7
1 24.0
1 16.4
109.0
9 4.9
98.1
105.3
105 .3
1 04.3
105.8
1 05.4
106 .8
United K ingdom .................................................................
1 04 .3
2 2 4 .6
2 0 8 .8
160.5
118.1
106.6
9 7.6
99.1
102.7
104 .5
104.5
1 03.6
9 9.6
9 6 .0
9 2 .4
U nited S ta te s .....................................................................
14.9
2 3 .7
5 5 .6
9 0 .8
9 5.6
1 02.7
105 .6
1 07.9
109 .4
1 17.4
122.1
C a n a d a .................................................................................
10.0
17.1
4 7.6
8 8.3
9 5.0
1 02.0
103 .7
106.0
107.0
1 09.3
110.5
1 12.3
1 13.9
117 .8
4.3
16.4
5 8.5
9 0.5
9 6.4
102.8
104 .9
108 .3
109.2
1 12.9
115 .8
115.2
114.5
115 .0
109.2
_
110.9
_
1 14.9
116 .6
1 18.3
121.1
1 25 .9
110.0
112.1
Compensation per hour
J a p a n .................................................................................
Belgium .............................................................
5 .4
13.7
5 2.5
90.1
9 7 .3
104.8
106.1
111.5
_
_
131.1
133.1
D e n m a rk ..........................................................................
4 .6
13.3
4 9 .6
9 2 .7
9 5.9
104.6
F ra n c e ..................................................................................
4 .3
10.4
4 0 .9
9 0 .9
9 6 .4
1 02.6
G e rm a n y ...........................................................................
8.1
2 0.7
5 3 .6
8 9.4
9 1.5
1 06.4
1 11.7
117.5
1 22.3
124.7
126.5
Italy.....................................................................................
129.3
133 .5
1 37.7
1.8
5.3
3 0.4
8 7.6
94.2
105.7
1 06.8
1 11.3
1 19.0
123 .0
122.2
124.6
1 27.8
1 32 .6
1 31.0
-
1 06.0
112.0
112.6
116 .3
120.8
1 26.6
N e th e rlan d s ......................................................
6 .4
2 0.2
6 4.4
9 0 .9
95.3
103.8
108.2
110.7
113.0
115.8
1 20.6
124.0
N o rw a y .............................................................
4 .7
11.8
3 9 .0
9 2.3
97.5
101 .5
1 04 .4
109.2
113.6
118.7
125.7
S w e d e n .............................................................................
1 33.0
1 40.0
1 47 .6
4.1
10.7
3 7 .3
8 7.8
95.5
9 7 .4
100 .0
106.5
1 14 .4
1 19.4
124 .4
129.3
131.8
United K ingdom .................................................................
137 .2
3 .0
6.1
32.1
8 2.9
9 3 .8
104.6
106 .7
107.9
109.5
113.9
120 .5
1 29.6
135.2
1 40 .4
Unit labor costs:
National currency basis
U nited S ta te s ......................................................................
-
-
7 8.8
93.7
9 7.6
100.6
9 8 .5
9 4.8
9 3.5
9 1.9
9 2 .8
90.2
9 1.7
C a n a d a ...........................................................................
9 1 .4
2 6 .4
31.1
6 5.2
94.6
9 9 .6
9 6 .4
9 3 .6
9 4.3
9 7 .5
9 6.2
9 7 .7
J a p a n .....................................................................................
9 6 .8
96.1
1 01 .5
3 1.3
4 3 .8
9 2.5
9 5 .9
9 7 .4
101.1
1 01.5
9 7 .6
9 4.0
9 3.3
95.5
9 0.8
8 5 .4
B elgium .............................................................................
8 9 .8
30.1
4 1 .7
9 6 .4
9 4.7
9 0.5
90.2
9 1 .4
D e n m a rk ...........................................................................
9 0.8
9 3 .9
15.4
2 5 .2
54.9
9 3.5
9 6.5
103.7
9 6.2
9 6 .4
103.7
99.7
1 02.9
105 .4
1 01.8
1 01 .7
F ra n c e .................................................................................
19.4
2 4 .0
61.3
9 6 .9
9 9.3
101.9
9 7 .9
9 6.6
9 7 .8
91.9
8 8.2
8 7.7
G e rm a n y ...............................................................................
8 4.8
2 7 .8
3 9.8
69.4
9 0.3
93.1
1 04.5
102.0
1 04.7
107 .4
1 04.4
105.2
1 07.4
104.4
106 .6
7.5
11.9
4 1 .0
9 1.5
98.2
1 04.3
101.9
103.0
110.0
1 11.9
111.1
113.4
113.1
1 15 .4
Italy..................................................................................
N e th e rlan d s ...............................................................
3 4.6
5 3 .3
8 0.3
9 3.7
9 3.0
9 2.3
98.1
102.3
9 7 .9
8 6 .5
9 5 .6
102.1
9 5 .6
9 3.7
9 4.0
94.7
9 6 .5
9 6.6
9 7 .9
N o rw a y ............................................................................
12.7
20.1
5 0.3
9 4.6
99.2
101.9
104 .8
108.4
110.8
1 16.4
125.7
1 28.4
S w e d e n ................................................................................
134 .0
15.0
2 0 .6
5 1.0
9 2 .9
100 .0
90.8
8 3.8
8 7.4
91.9
9 0.2
8 9.2
8 6.3
8 3 .4
U nited Kingdom .................................................................
8 5 .5
9.8
14.1
5 9.0
9 2 .9
100.1
100.8
9 9 .7
102 .9
105.5
108.2
112.7
116.2
1 14.5
1 17 .2
Unit labor costs:
140.1
U .S . dollar basis
United S ta te s ......................................................................
-
-
7 8.8
9 3.7
9 7 .6
100.6
9 8 .5
9 4.8
9 3 .5
9 1.9
9 2.8
9 0.2
C a n a d a .................................................................................
32.9
3 6.0
6 7 .4
9 8 .0
105.1
9 0.3
8 2 .8
8 3.0
8 6 .4
8 4.0
7 9.6
7 8.8
78.2
J a p a n .....................................................................................
79.2
11.0
15.5
5 1.8
8 3 .8
91.7
115 .4
125 .9
131.7
109.6
9 7.7
9 2.4
1 01.2
1 00.4
9 3 .6
Belgiu m .................................................................................
19.4
2 7 .0
8 8.3
8 9.5
92.3
95.1
9 4.2
9 1 .7
9 1 .4
105.2
9 8 .4
8 1.2
7 9.9
7 7.6
66.8
D e n m a rk .............................................................................
6 7 .0
13.4
2 0.2
5 8.8
9 1.2
9 1 .0
9 6.5
9 1 .4
104.0
108.0
9 1 .0
9 2.7
9 1 .0
F ra n c e ..................................................................................
75.9
7 3 .7
2 1 .0
2 3.0
7 6.8
94.1
93.1
9 5.2
9 3 .4
1 03.5
101.2
G e rm a n y ..............................................................................
N eth e rlan d s ........................................................................
8 3.3
79.1
7 5 .4
6 3.2
10.4
17.1
5 9.6
8 7 .3
8 7.5
9 8.7
9 8 .2
114.2
1 11.5
9 4.0
9 3 .3
91.4
7 6.9
7 6.2
15.0
2 3 .3
5 9.0
94.1
9 7.5
8 1 .6
7 7 .9
7 7.9
8 7 .9
8 0 .9
7 8.8
76.9
6 6.4
6 5 .7
16.1
2 5 .9
8 2.9
89.1
8 9 .9
9 6.6
9 2 .4
102 .7
98.1
8 5.3
85.5
82.1
72.1
9 2 .3
106 .4
106.6
6 2 .5
Nonway.................................................................................
11.1
17.5
6 3.3
S w e d e n .................................................................................
9 4 .5
9 6 .8
16.9
23.1
70.2
9 1 .3
9 6.3
6 7.8
6 3 .2
7 1.3
7 9.8
6 8 .8
6 5 .3
6 0 .8
United K ingdom .................................................................
5 3.0
4 8 .2
15.6
19.1
7 7.7
9 3.9
1 0 0 .1 1
8 5 .6
8 6 .4
9 1.9
9 3.2
1 00.4
105.7
106 .4
9 8 .3
9 5 .5
94.0
9 5 .0
8 9.2
102.1
103.5
102.2
N O T E : D a ta for G erm a n y for years before 1991 are for the form er W est G erm any. Data for 1991 onw ard are for unified G erm any. Dash indicates data not available.
114
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 2003
50.
Occupational injury and illness rates by industry,1 United States
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers3
Industry and type of case
1989 1 1990
1991
1992
1993 4 1994 4 1995 4 1996 4 1997 4 1998 4 1999 4 2000 4
PRIVATE SECTOR*
8 .6
8.8
8 .4
8.9
8.5
8 .4
8.1
7 .4
7.1
6.7
6 .3
6.1
4 .0
4.1
3.9
3 .9
3.8
3 .8
3 .6
3 .4
3 .3
3.1
3 .0
3 .0
7 8.7
8 4.0
8 6.5
9 3 .8
10.9
11.6
10.8
11.6
11.2
10.0
9 .7
8.7
8 .4
7 .9
7 .3
7.1
5.7
5 .9
5.4
5 .4
5.0
4 .7
4 .3
3.9
4.1
3 .9
3 .4
3 .6
100.9
112.2
108.3
126.9
_
_
_
_
_
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing*
_
«
_
Mining
8.5
8.3
7 .4
7.3
6 .8
6 .3
6 .2
5 .4
5 .9
4 .9
4 .4
4 .7
4 .8
5 .0
4 .5
4.1
3 .9
3 .9
3 .9
3.2
3 .7
2 .9
2 .7
3 .0
137 .2
1 19.5
129 .6
2 0 4 .7
14.3
14.2
13.0
13.1
12.2
11.8
10.6
9.9
9 .5
8 .8
8 .6
8 .3
6.8
6.7
6.1
5 .8
5.5
5 .5
4 .9
4 .5
4 .4
4 .0
4 .2
4.1
1 43.3
147.9
148.1
1 61.9
_
_
Construction
_
_
_
G e n e ra l building contractors:
12.2
11.5
10.9
9 .8
9 .0
8 .5
8 .4
8 .0
7 .8
6.5
6 .4
5 .5
5.4
5.1
5.1
4 .4
4 .0
3 .7
3 .9
3 .7
3 .9
137.3
137 .6
1 32.0
1 42.7
13.8
13.8
12.8
12.1
11.1
10.2
9 .9
9 .0
8 .7
8.2
7 .8
7 .6
6.5
6.3
6.0
5 .4
5.1
5 .0
4 .8
4 .3
4 .3
4.1
3 .8
3 .7
147.1
144.6
160.1
165 .8
14.6
14.7
13.5
13.8
12.8
12.5
11.1
10.4
10.0
9.1
8 .9
8 .6
6 .9
6 .9
6 .3
6.1
5 .8
5 .8
5 .0
4 .8
4 .7
4.1
4 .4
4 .3
144 .9
153.1
1 51.3
168.3
13.1
13.2
12.7
12.5
12.1
12.2
1 1.6
10.6
10.3
9.7
9 .2
9 .0
5 .8
5.8
5 .6
5 .4
5 .3
5 .5
5 .3
4 .9
4 .8
4 .7
4 .6
4 .5
1 13.0
120.7
121 .5
1 24.6
14.1
14.2
13.6
13.4
13.1
13.5
12.8
11.6
1 1.3
10.7
10.1
6.0
6 .0
5.7
5 .5
5 .4
5 .7
5 .6
5.1
5.1
5.0
4 .8
116.5
123 .3
122.9
1 26.7
18.4
18.1
16.8
16.3
15.9
1 5.7
1 4.9
14.2
13.5
13.2
1 3.0
12.1
9 .4
8.8
8.3
7.6
7.6
7 .7
7 .0
6 .8
6 .5
6 .8
6 .7
6.1
1 77.5
172.5
1 72.0
1 65.8
16.1
16.9
15.9
14.8
14.6
15.0
13.9
12.2
12.0
11.4
1 1 .5
11.2
7.2
7 .8
7.2
6.6
6 .5
7 .0
6 .4
5 .4
5 .8
5 .7
5 .9
5 .9
13.9
13.4
12.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
H e av y construction, except building:
_
_
_
_
_
S pecial tra des contractors:
_
_
_
_
Manufacturing
D u rab le goods:
_
_
-
_
_
L um ber and w ood products:
_
_
_
_
_
Furniture and fixtures:
128 .4
_
_
_
«
_
_
_
S tone, clay, and glass products:
15.5
15.4
14.8
13.6
13.8
13.2
1 2.3
12.4
11.8
11.8
1 0.7
1 0.4
7 .4
7 .3
6 .8
6.1
6 .3
6 .5
5 .7
6 .0
5 .7
6 .0
5 .4
5 .5
149 .8
1 60.5
156 .0
152 .2
18.7
19.0
17.7
17.5
17.0
16.8
16.5
15.0
15.0
14.0
1 2.9
1 2.6
8.1
8.1
7 .4
7.1
7 .3
7 .2
7 .2
6.8
7.2
7.0
6 .3
6 .3
1 68.3
180.2
169.1
1 75.5
_
_
_
Prim ary m etal industries:
_
_
_
_
_
_
F a bricated m etal products:
16.8
16.2
16.4
15.8
14.4
14.2
13.9
1 2.6
1 1.9
7 .9
7 .9
7.1
6.6
6 .7
6 .7
6 .9
6.2
6 .4
6 .5
6 .0
5 .5
1 47.6
155.7
1 46.6
144.0
12.1
12.0
11.2
11.1
11.1
11.6
11.2
9.9
10.0
9 .5
8 .5
8 .2
4.8
4 .7
4 .4
4 .2
4.2
4 .4
4 .4
4 .0
4.1
4 .0
3 .7
3 .6
8 6 .8
8 8.9
86.6
8 7 .7
18.5
18.7
17.4
_
_
_
_
_
Industrial m achinery and equipment:
_
Electronic and other electrical equipment:
8.4
8.3
8 .3
7 .6
6 .8
6 .6
5.9
5 .7
5 .7
3.9
3 .8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3 .6
3 .3
3.1
3.1
2 .8
2 .8
2 .9
7 7.5
7 9 .4
8 3.0
8 1.2
17.7
17.8
18.3
18.7
18.5
19.6
1 8.6
16.3
15.4
14.6
13.7
1 3.7
6.8
6 .9
7.0
7.1
7.1
7 .8
7 .9
7 .0
6 .6
6.6
6 .4
6 .3
1 38.6
153 .7
166.1
186.6
5 .6
5.9
6 .0
5 .9
5 .6
5 .9
5 .3
5.1
4 .8
4 .0
4 .0
4 .5
2 .5
2 .7
2.7
2 .7
2 .5
2 .7
2 .4
2 .3
2 .3
1.9
1.8
2 .2
5 5.4
5 7.8
6 4 .4
6 5.3
11.1
11.3
11.3
10.7
10.0
9 .9
9.1
9 .5
8.9
8.1
8 .4
7 .2
5.1
5.1
5.1
5 .0
4 .6
4 .5
4 .3
4 .4
4 .2
3 .9
4 .0
3 .6
9 7 .6
113.1
104.0
108.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
9.1
9.1
8.6
_
_
_
_
Transportation equipm ent:
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
In strum ents and related products:
_
_
_
_
_
_
M iscellaneous manufacturing industries:
Lost w orkdays.............................................................................................
S e e footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
115
Current Labor Statistics:
50.
Injury and Illness
Continued— Occupational injury and illness rates by industry,1 United States
Incidence rates per 100 w o rkers3
Industry and type of case
1989 1
1990
1991
1992
1993 4
1 9 9 4 4 1995 4
1996 4 1 9 9 7 4
1 99 8 4
8.2
1999 4
2000 4
7.8
_
Nondu rable goods:
T otal c a s e s ..............................................................................................
11.6
11.7
11.5
11.3
10.7
10.5
9.9
9.2
8.8
Lost w orkday c a s e s ...............................................................................
5 5
5 6
5.5
53
5.0
5.1
4.9
4.6
4 .4
107 .8
1 16.9
119.7
Lost w orkdays ........................................................................
O
A
'
121.8
F o o d a n d k in d r e d products:
Total c a s e s ...............................................................................................
18.5
20.0
18.8
17.6
17.1
16.3
15.0
14.5
13.6
12.7
12.4
9.3
9.9
9.9
9 .5
8.9
9.2
8.7
8.0
8.0
7.5
7.3
7 .3
174 7
202.6
2 07 .2
2 1 1 .9
T o b a cc o products:
Total c a s e s .................................................................................................
8.7
7.7
6 .4
6.0
5.8
5.3
5.6
6.7
5.9
6 .4
5 .5
6.2
Lost w orkday c a s e s ..................................................................................
3.4
3.2
2.8
2 .4
2 .3
2 .4
2.6
2.8
2 .7
3 .4
2.2
3.1
Lost w o rkd ays.............................................................................................
64.2
_
_
-
Lost w orkday c a s e s ............................................................................
Lost w o rkd ays ..................................................................................
19.5
6 2 .3
5 2.0
4 2 .9
-
-
-
Te xtile mill products:
Total c a s e s .............................................................................................
10.3
9.6
10.1
9 .9
9.7
8.7
8.2
7.8
6.7
7 .4
6.4
6.0
Lost w orkday c a s e s ..............................................................................
4.2
4 .0
4 .4
4.2
4.1
4 .0
4.1
3.6
3.1
3 .4
3.2
3.2
81.4
85.1
8 8 .3
87.1
-
-
-
_
-
Lost w orkd a y s ............................................................................................
A pparel and other textile products:
T otal c a s e s ..............................................................................................................
8.6
8.8
9.2
9.5
9.0
8 .9
8.2
7.4
7.0
6.2
5 .8
6.1
3.8
3.9
4.2
4 .0
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.3
3.1
2.6
2.8
3.0
Lost w orkd a y s ...................................................................................................
8 0 .5
92.1
9 9.9
104.6
-
_
_
-
P ap e r a n d allied products:
Total c a s e s ..............................................................................................................
12.7
12.1
11.2
11.0
9.9
9.6
8.5
7.9
7.3
7.1
7.0
6 .5
5.8
5.5
5.0
5.0
4.6
4 .5
4.2
3.8
3 .7
3 .7
3.7
3 .4
_
_
6.0
2.8
5.7
5 .4
5.0
5.1
2 .7
2.8
2.6
2.6
Lost w orkday c a s e s ..............................................................................................
Lost w orkday c a s e s ......................................................................................
Lost w o rkd ays ...................................................................................................
132.9
124.8
122 .7
125.9
-
-
-
-
-
Printing and publishing:
Total c a s e s ..............................................................................................................
6.9
6.9
6.7
7.3
6.9
6.7
6.4
Lost w orkday c a s e s ..............................................................................................
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.0
3 .0
6 3.8
6 9.8
7 4 .5
74.8
-
C h e m ica ls and allied products:
T otal c a s e s ..............................................................................................................
7.0
6 .5
6 .4
5.7
3.2
3.1
3.1
6.0
2.8
5.9
Lost w orkday c a s e s ..............................................................................................
2.7
2.8
Lost w orkdays ..........................................................................................................
6 3 .4
6 1.6
6 2.4
6 4.2
-
Lost w o rkd ays .......................................................................................................
Petroleum and coal products:
Total c a s e s ................................................................................................................
6.6
6.6
6.2
-
-
_
_
_
_
-
_
5.5
4 .8
4 .8
4.2
4 .4
4.2
2.7
2 .4
2 .3
2.1
2 .3
2.2
-
_
_
_
-
_
5.9
5.2
4 .7
4.8
4.6
4.3
3 .9
4.1
3.7
3.3
3.1
2 .9
2.8
2 .5
2 .3
2 .4
2.5
2.2
1.8
1.8
1.9
Lost w o rkd ays ..........................................................................................................
68.1
7 7.3
68.2
7 1.2
-
-
-
R ubber and m iscellaneo us plastics products:
Total c a s e s ................................................................................................................
Lost w orkday c a s e s ...............................................................................................
-
-
-
16.2
16.2
15.1
14.5
13.9
14.0
12.9
12.3
11.9
11.2
10.1
10.7
Lost w orkday c a s e s ...............................................................................................
8.0
7.8
7.2
6.8
6 .5
6.7
6.5
6.3
5.8
5.8
5.5
5 .8
Lost w o rkd ays ...........................................................................................................
147.2
151.3
150.9
153 .3
-
_
_
Leath er and leath er products:
T otal c a s e s ................................................................................................................
13.6
12.1
12.5
12.1
12.1
5.5
Lost w orkday c a s e s ..............................................................................................
6.5
5.9
5.9
5 .4
Lost w orkd a y s ...........................................................................................................
130.4
1 52.3
1 40.8
128.5
-
_
-
-
_
12.0
11.4
10.7
10.6
9.8
10.3
9 .0
5.3
4.8
4.5
4.3
4.5
5.0
4 .3
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
Transportation and public utilities
T o tal c a s e s ...................................................................................................................
9.2
9 .6
9.3
9.1
9 .5
9.3
9.1
8.7
8.2
7.3
7 .3
Lost w orkday c a s e s ...................................................................................................
5.3
5 .5
5 .4
5.1
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.1
4 .8
4 .3
4 .4
121 .5
134.1
140 .0
1 44.0
-
-
-
_
Lost w o rkd ays ...........................................................................................................
-
-
-
_
4 .3
W holesale and retail trade
T o tal c a s e s ...................................................................................................................
8.0
7.9
7.6
8 .4
8.1
7.9
7.5
6.8
6.7
6 .5
6.1
Lost w orkday c a s e s ................................................................................................
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.2
2 .9
3 .0
2.8
2 .7
6 3 .5
6 5 .6
7 2 .0
80.1
7.7
7.4
7.2
Lost w orkd a y s ..........................................................................................................
W h o le s ale trade:
Total c a s e s ...................................................................................................................
-
-
-
_
7.6
7.8
7.7
7.5
6.6
6.5
6.5
6.3
4 .0
3.7
3.7
3.6
3 .7
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.3
3.3
7 1.5
79.2
8 2 .4
-
R etail trade:
T otal c a s e s .................................................................................................................
8.1
8.1
-
-
-
8.7
8.2
7.9
7.5
6.9
6.8
6.5
6.1
3 .4
3.4
3.3
3 .4
3.3
3.3
3 .0
2.8
2 .9
2 .7
2 .5
6 3.2
69.1
7 9.2
-
-
-
-
7.7
-
-
5 .8
_
_
_
60.0
Lost w orkday c a s e s ...................................................................................................
Lost w orkd a y s ...........................................................................................................
-
7 1 .9
Lost w orkday c a s e s ...................................................................................................
Lost w orkdays ..............................................................................................................
-
_
_
_
_
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Total c a s e s ...........................................................................................................
2.0
Lost w orkdays .................................................................................................
2 .4
2.4
2 .9
2 .9
2.7
.9
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.1
17.6
2 7 .3
24.1
3 2.9
Lost w orkday c a s e s ......................................................................................
-
-
2.6
1.0
-
2 .4
2.2
.7
.9
.9
.5
-
-
1.8
.8
1.9
.8
Services
Total c a s e s ..............................................................................................................
6.0
2.8
6.2
2.8
7.1
6.7
6.5
6.4
5.2
4 .9
4.9
3 .0
2.8
2.8
2.8
6.0
2.6
5.6
2.7
2 .5
2 .4
2.2
2.2
5 1.2
5 6.4
6 0 .0
68.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
5 .5
Lost w orkday c a s e s ...................................................................................................
Lost w o rkd ays ...................................................................................................
1 D a ta for 1 9 8 9 and subsequent years are based on the S t a n d a r d In d u s tria l C la s s
ific a tio n M a n u a l, 1 9 8 7 Edition. For this reason, they are not strictly com parable with data
N - num ber of injuries and illnesses or lost workdays;
EH - total hours worked by all em ployees during the calendar year; and
for th e years 1 9 8 5 - 8 8 , w hich w e re based on the S t a n d a r d In d u s tria l C la s s ific a tio n
2 0 0 ,0 0 0 - base for 100 full-tim e equivalent w orkers (working 4 0 hours per w eek, 50
M a n u a l , 1 9 7 2 Edition, 1 9 7 7 S upplem ent.
w eeks per year).
2 Beginning with th e 1 9 9 2 survey, th e annual survey m easures only nonfatal injuries and
4 Beginning with the 1993 survey, lost workday estim ates will not be generated. As of
illnesses, w hile past surveys c overed both fatal and nonfatal incidents. T o better address
199 2, BLS began generating percent distributions and the m edian num ber of days away
fatalities, a basic ele m e n t of w orkplace safety, BLS im plem ented the C ensus of Fatal
from w ork by industry and for groups of w orkers sustaining sim ilar work disabilities.
O ccupational Injuries.
5 Excludes farm s with few er than 11 em ployees since 1976.
3 T h e in cidence rates represent the num ber of injuries and illnesses or lost w orkdays per
1 00
116
full-tim e
w orkers
and
w ere
calculated
Monthly Labor Review
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
as
(N /E H )
X
2 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,
August 2003
where:
Dash indicates data not available.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
51. Fotal occupational injuries by event or exposure, 1996-2001
Fatalities
Event or exposure1
1996-2000
20002
Average
Number
20013
Number
Percent
100
Total.........................................................................................................
6 ,0 9 4
5 ,9 2 0
5 ,9 0 0
Transportation incidents.....................................................................
2 ,6 0 8
2 ,5 7 3
2 ,5 1 7
43
Highway Incident............................................................................................
1 ,4 0 8
1 ,3 6 5
1 ,4 0 4
24
Collision between vehicles, mobile equipm ent................................
685
696
723
117
136
142
12
2
247
243
256
4
151
154
137
2
Vehicle struck stationary object or equipm ent.................................
289
279
295
5
Noncollision incident.................................................................................
372
356
339
6
298
304
273
5
5
Moving in opposite directions, oncoming.......................................
Nonhighway (farm, industrial premises) incident................................
378
399
324
212
213
157
3
263
280
247
4
W orker struck by a vehicle.........................................................................
376
370
383
W ater vehicle incident..................................................................................
105
84
90
Overturned...................................................................................................
6
2
1
Railw ay.............................................................................................................
71
71
62
Assaults and violent acts....................................................................
1 ,0 1 5
930
902
15
766
677
639
11
617
533
505
9
Shooting.......................................................................................................
Stabbing.......................................................................................................
68
66
58
Other, including bombing.......................................................................
80
78
76
1
1
Self-inflicted injuries......................................................................................
216
221
228
4
Contact with objects and equipment...............................................
1 ,0 0 5
1 ,0 0 6
962
16
Struck by object.............................................................................................
567
571
553
Struck by falling object.............................................................................
364
357
343
Struck by flying object..............................................................................
57
61
60
Caught in or compressed by equipm ent or objects...........................
293
294
266
Caught in running equipment or machinery.....................................
157
157
144
Caught in or crushed in collapsing m aterials.......................................
128
123
122
Falls...........................................................................................................
714
734
808
Fall to lower level...........................................................................................
636
659
698
Fall from ladder...........................................................................................
106
110
122
Fall from roof...............................................................................................
153
150
159
Fall from scaffold, staging......................................................................
90
85
91
Fall on sam e level.........................................................................................
55
56
84
Exposure to harmful substances or environments.....................
535
4 81
499
290
256
285
132
128
124
Contact with overhead power lines......................................................
Contact with tem perature extrem es........................................................
Exposure to caustic, noxious, or allergenic substances..................
Inhalation of substances.........................................................................
1 B ased
o n th e
1 9 9 2 BLS O c c u p a tio n a l Injury a n d
Illness
14
12
2
3
2
1
8
5
100
96
57
48
49
92
94
83
1
73
75
59
1
196
177
188
3
19
24
40
29
112
35
3 T o ta l e x c lu d e s 2 ,8 8 6 w o rk -re la te d fa ta litie s re su ltin g fro m
e v e n ts of S e p te m b e r 1 1 .
C la ss ifica tio n S tru c tu re s.
2 T h e BLS n e w s re le a s e Iss u e d A u g . 1 4 , 2 0 0 1 , re p o rte d a total
o f 5 ,9 1 5 fa ta l w o rk injuries for c a le n d a r y e a r 2 0 0 0 .
5
2
2
2
1
2
1
20
Other events or exposures4...............................................................
9
6
1
S in c e th e n ,
4 In clu d e s th e c a te g o ry "B odily re a c tio n a n d e x e rtio n ."
NO TE:
T o ta ls
fo r
m a jo r
c a te g o rie s
m ay
In c lu d e
sub
a n ad d itio n al fiv e jo b -re la te d fa ta litie s w e re Iden tified , bringing
c a te g o rie s not s h o w n s e p a ra te ly .
P e rc e n ta g e s m a y n o t a d d
th e total jo b -re la te d fa ta lity c o u n t fo r 2 0 0 0 to 5 ,9 2 0 .
to totals b e c a u s e of ro u n d in g . D a s h In d ica te s les s th a n 0 .5
p e rc e n t.
Monthly Labor Review
August 2003
117
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Free from BLS, to keep you informed
The Bureau’s series of issues papers provides you with succinct, up-to-the-minute background data in a readily digestible form.
They’re convenient, current, easy to read, and available free from BLS. To be added to the Issues in Labor Statistics mailing list
(No. J336), write to: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Publications and Special Studies, Room 2850, 2 Massachusetts Ave.,
NE., Washington, DC 20212-0001, or fax the coupon below to (202) 691-7890.
Issues in Labor Statistics also are available in PDF format on the BLS Web site: http://www.bls.gov/opub/ils/opbilshm.htm
Here are some recent Issues.
2002
•
•
•
•
•
Twenty-first century moonlighters
Declining teen labor force participation
Consumer Spending Patterns Differ by
Region
Housing expenditures
Certification Can Count: The Case of Aircraft Mechanics
2001
•
•
•
2000
•
•
•
•
•
•
1999
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1998
•
•
•
New and emerging occupations
Who was affected as the economy started to slow?
Characteristics and spending patterns of consumer units in the lowest 10 percent of the expenditure distribution
Unemployed Job Leavers: A Meaningful Gauge of Confidence in the Job Market?
Spending Patterns By Age
When one job is not enough
A comparison of the characteristics and spending patterns of Food Stamp recipients and nonrecipients
Labor Supply in a Tight Labor Market
Are Managers and Professionals Really Working More?
Occupational Stress
Expenditures on Public Transportation
Consumer Spending on Traveling for Pleasure
What the Nation Spends on Health Care: A Regional Comparison
What Women Earned in 1998
Computer Ownership Up Sharply in the 1990s
The Southeast is Maintaining Its Share of Textile Plant Employment
Auto Dealers are Fewer, Bigger, and Employ More Workers
Labor-Market Outcomes for City Dwellers and Suburbanites
Spending Patterns of High-income Households
New Occupations Emerging Across Industry Lines
Yes, please add my name to mailing list J336, Issues in Labor Statistics.
N am e__________________________________________________________________
Organization____________________________________________________________
Street _________________________________________________________________
C ity ________________________________________
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
State_________________ Zip
Spin has its place,
but fo r serious economic analysis
turn to
Monthly Labor Review
Covering the labor force, consumer prices,
producer prices, productivity, com pensation,
em ployer costs, labor-m anagem ent relations,
labor m arket projections, w orkplace injuries
and illnesses, and in te rn a tio n a l econo m ic
data, M o n th ly L abor R e v ie w should be on your
desk. As the principal jo urnal o f current data
and analysis from the Bureau o f Labor S tatis
tics, the R e v ie w allows economists, s tatis ti
cians, and other experts to provide you w ith
solid economic research.
Subscribe today!
United States G overnm ent
INFORMATION
Credit card orders are welcome!
O r d e r P ro c e s s in g C o d e :
Fax your orders (202) 512-2250
*5551
□
YES ,
Phone your orders (202) 512-1800
please s e n d _______ subscriptions to:
M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w (M L R ) at $49 each
The total cost of my order is $ _________ .
Price includes regular shipping & handling and is subject to change.
N a m e or title
(P le a s e ty p e or p r in t )
C om pany nam e
R o o m , floor, suite
($68.60 foreign) per
year.
Check method of payment:
□
Check payable to:
Superintendent of Documents
□ GPO Deposit Account
S tre e t a d d re s s
^
□ VISA
D a y tim e p h o n e in clu d in g a r e a c o d e
I
|
|
\
\
\
\ "H
^
s ,a ,e
□ MasterCard
□ Discover
Z ip c o d e + 4
P u rc h a s e o rd e r n u m b e r (o p tio n al)
T h a n k y o u
P u rc h a s e o rd e r n u m b e r (o p tio n al)
Mail to:
Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954,
Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954
Important: Please Include this completed order form with your
remittance.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
fo r y o u r o rd e r!
(e x p ira tio n d a te )_______________________
A u th o rizin g sig n atu re
Thank you for your order!
603
I
K eep Up W ith B LS P ay D ata
Occupational Compensation Surveys on the Internet and on Diskette
Electronic files of these surveys are
now available on the Internet at:
http://stats.bls.gov/ocshome.htm
If you do not have Internet access, electronic files can be purchased on 3.5 inch diskettes. A choice of two ASCII files (column/255 character wide) is available containing surveys published since 1991.
For more information on available Occupational Compensation Surveys please contact:
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Division of Compensation Data Analysis and Planning
Suite 4175
2 Massachusetts Ave., NE, Washington, DC 20212-0001
Telephone: (202) 691-6199
Internet address: ocltinfo@bls.gov
Also available from BLS:
NCS National Wage Data
National Compensation Survey:
Occupational Wages in the US, 1997
BLS Bulletin 2519
This bulletin contains:
Occupational average hourly earnings, worker characteristics
Occupational average hourly earnings, establishment characteristics
Occupational average hourly earnings, geographic areas
To purchase the latest BLS national wage data bulletins, write to:
New Orders
Superintendent of Documents
P.O. Box 371954
Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954
Telephone: (412) 644-2721
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
OR
BLS Publications Sales Center
P.O.Box 2145
Chicago, IL 60690-2145
Telephone: (312)353-1880
Obtaining information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics
Office or Topic
Bureau o f Labor Statistics
Information services
Employment and unemployment
Employment, hours, and earnings:
National
State and local
Labor force statistics:
National
Local
Ul-covered employment, wages
Occupational employment
Mass layoffs
Longitudinal data
Internet address
http://www.bls.gov
http ://www.bls.gov/opub/
E-mail
blsdata_staff@ bls.gov
http://www.bls.gov/ces/
http://www.bls.gov/sae/
cesinfo@ bls.gov
data_sa@ bls.gov
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
http ://www.bls .gov/lau/
http://www.bls.gov/cew/
http://www.bls.gov/oes/
http://www.bls.gov/lau/
http://www.bls.gov/nls/
cpsinfo@ bls.gov
lausinfo@ bls.gov
cewinfo@bls.gov
oesinfo@ bls.gov
mlsinfo@bls.gov
nls_info@ bls.gov
Prices and living conditions
Consumer price indexes
Producer price indexes)
Import and export price indexes
Consumer expenditures
http://www.bls.gov/cpi/
http://www.bls.gov/ppi/
http://www.bls.gov/mxp/
http://www.bls.gov/cex/
cpi_info@bls.gov
ppi-info@bls.gov
mxpinfo@bls.gov
cexinfo@bls.gov
Compensation and working conditions
National Compensation Survey:
Employee benefits
Employment cost trends
Occupational compensation
Occupational illnesses, injuries
Fatal occupational injuries
Collective bargaining
http://www.bls.gov/ncs/
http://www.bls.gov/ebs/
http://www.bls.gov/ect/
http://www.bls.gov/ncs/
http://www.bls.gov/iiE
http://stats.bls.gov/iif/
http ://www.bls .go v/cba/
ocltinfo@ bls.gov
ocltinfo@bls.gov
ocltinfo@bls.gov
ocltinfo@bls.gov
oshstaff@ bls.gov
cfoistaff@bls.gov
cbainfo@bls.gov
Productivity
Labor
Industry
Multifactor
http://www.bls.gov/lpc/
http ://www.bls .go v/lpc/
http://www.bls.gov/mfp/
dprweb@ bls.gov
dipsweb@ bls.gov
dprweb@bls.gov
Projections
Employment
Occupation
http://www.bls.gov/emp/
http://www.bls.gov/oco/
oohinfo@ bls.gov
oohinfo@ bls.gov
International
http://www.bls.gov/fls/
flshelp@bls.gov
Regional centers
A tlanta
Boston
Chicago
Dallas
Kansas City
New York
Philadelphia
San Francisco
http://www.bls.gov/ro4/
http://www.bls.gov/rol/
http ://www.bls.gov/ro5/
http://www.bls.gov/ro6/
http://www.bls.gov/ro7/
http://www.bls.gov/ro2/
http://www.bls.gov/ro3/
http://www.bls.gov/ro9/
BLSinfoAtlanta@bls.gov
BLSinfoBoston@bls.gov
BLSinfoChicago@bls.gov
BLSinfoDallas@bls.gov
BLSinfoKansasCity@bls.gov
BLSinfoNY @bls.gov
BLSinfoPhiladelphia@bls.gov
BLSinfoSF@bls.gov
Other Federal statistical agencies
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
http://www.fedstats.gov/
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Postal Square Building, Rm. 2850
2 Massachusetts Ave., NE
Washington, DC 20212-0001
Periodicals
Postage and Fees Paid
U.S. Department of Labor
USPS 987-800
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use, $300
Address Service Requested
MLR
FEDRE442F ISSDUE013B
FED RES BANK OF ST L O U I S
RESEARCH L I B
PO BOX 4 4 2
SAINT LOUIS
MO
63166
1
k
Schedule of release dates for BLS statistical series
Release
Period
Release
Period
Release
Period
date
covered
date
covered
date
covered
Employment situation
August 1
July
September 5
August
October 3
September
Productivity and costs
August 7
2nd quarter
September 4
2nd quarter
August 13
July
September 11
August
October 9
September
38-42
Producer Price Indexes
August 14
July
September 12
August
October 10
September
2; 35-37
Consumer Price indexes
August 15
July
September 16
August
October 16
September
2; 32-34
Real earnings
August 15
July
September 16
August
October 16
September
14-16, 24
October 30
3rd quarter
13; 25-28
Series
U.S. Import and Export
Price Indexes
Employment Cost Indexes
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MLR table
number
1;4 -2 4
2; 43-46
@FedFRASER