Full text of March 1998 : Text File, USDL 98-167
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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm
Technical information: USDL 98-228
Employment (202)606-6559
Unemployment 606-6392
Media contact: 606-5902 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Wednesday, June 3, 1998
METROPOLITAN AREA EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT: APRIL 1998
In April, 200 of the 328 metropolitan areas recorded unemployment
rates below the U.S. average (4.1 percent, not seasonally adjusted), while
119 areas had higher rates, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today. The 20 metropolitan areas with the
lowest jobless rates--all below 2 percent--were again in the Midwest and
South. Of the 20 areas with the highest rates, 11 were in California and 6
more were along the Mexican border in other states.
Metropolitan Area Unemployment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)
Unemployment rates were below 3.5 percent in 146 metropolitan areas in
April, while rates of 6.5 percent or higher were reported in 34 areas. The
lowest jobless rates were recorded in Charlottesville, Va. (1.1 percent),
Madison, Wis., and Lincoln, Neb. (1.2 percent each), and Fargo-Moorhead,
N.D.-Minn. (1.3 percent). The highest rates were in Yuma, Ariz. (27.1
percent), Yuba City, Calif. (17.7 percent), and Merced, Calif. (17.2
percent). (See table 1 and the chart.)
Just over half of all metropolitan areas experienced over-the-year
reductions in their jobless rates that matched or exceeded the 0.7
percentage point decline in the national rate. Compared with April 1997,
the areas with the largest drops in their unemployment rates were along the
Ohio-West Virginia border: Steubenville-Weirton (-7.1 percentage points)
and Wheeling (-3.1 points). Thirteen other areas had rate decreases of at
least 2.0 percentage points, and 85 additional areas registered declines of
1.0 point or more. The largest over-the-year increases were in Pueblo,
Colo., and Yuba City, Calif. (1.9 percentage points each). Three other
areas recorded increases of a full percentage point or more. Overall, 279
metropolitan areas reported lower rates than a year earlier, 39 had higher
rates, and 10 had no change.
Among the 51 metropolitan areas with a 1990 census population of 1
million or more, 36 had rates below the U.S. average in April, while 15 had
rates above it. Within this group, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn.-Wis., again
reported the lowest rate (1.9 percent). The next lowest rates were
recorded in Columbus, Ohio (2.3 percent), and Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill,
N.C.-S.C., Boston, Mass.-N.H., Indianapolis, Ind., and Phoenix-Mesa, Ariz.
(all 2.4 percent). The highest rates were in New York, N.Y. (7.3 percent),
Miami, Fla. (6.8 percent), and Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif. (6.1
percent). Over the year, eight of these large areas experienced jobless
rate declines of at least a full percentage point, while none had an
increase larger than one-half percentage point.
Metropolitan Area Nonfarm Employment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)
Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in every state,
except Hawaii. Of the 272 metropolitan areas for which April data are
available, 259 had over-the-year gains in employment, and 12 had employment
losses. Seven of the 12 losses occurred within the states of Indiana and
New York. The largest percentage increase in total nonfarm payroll
employment was reported for Sarasota-Bradenton, Fla. (7.9 percent),
followed by McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Tex. (6.5 percent), and Houma, La.
(6.2 percent). The largest absolute employment gains occurred in Los
Angeles-Long Beach, Calif. (106,200), followed by Houston, Tex. (90,800),
- 2 -
and the New York PMSA (86,500). Muncie, Ind., reported the largest
percentage decrease in employment (-1.5 percent), and Honolulu, Hawaii, had
the largest absolute decrease (-2,500). (See table 2.)
All 22 metropolitan areas with employment levels of 1 million or more
reported over-the-year increases in total nonfarm employment. Within this
group, Phoenix, Ariz., had the largest percentage gain (6.0 percent),
followed by Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, Wash. (5.3 percent). Pittsburgh,
Pa., again had the smallest percentage gain in this group (0.3 percent).
____________________
The Regional and State Employment and Unemployment release for May is
scheduled to be issued on June 19. The Metropolitan Area Employment and
Unemployment release for May is scheduled to be issued on July 1.
Technical Note
This release presents labor force and unemployment data from
the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (table 1)
for 334 metropolitan areas, including those in Puerto Rico. Nonfarm
payroll employment estimates from the Current Employment Statistics
(CES) program (table 2) are provided for over 270 of these areas.
State estimates were previously published in the news release,
Regional and State Employment and Unemployment, and are republished
in this release for ease of reference. The LAUS and CES programs are
both Federal-State cooperative endeavors.
Labor force and unemployment-from the LAUS program
Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based
on the same concepts and definitions as those used for the
official national estimates obtained from the Current Population
Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households that is conducted for
the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the Bureau of the Census.
The labor force includes both the employed and the unemployed.
Employed persons are those who did any work at all for pay or
profit in the survey reference week (the week including the 12th
of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family
business or farm, plus those not working who have a job from which
they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such
reasons as labor-management dispute, illness, or vacation.
Unemployed persons are those who did not work at all (in the
reference week), have actively looked for a job (sometime in the
4-week period ending with the survey reference week), and are
currently available for work; persons on layoff expecting recall
need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed.
Method of estimation. Effective January 1996, estimates for
all states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach
metropolitan area, and New York City are produced using estimating
equations based on regression techniques. For all other sub-state
areas, estimates are prepared through indirect estimation
procedures. Employment estimates, which are based largely on
"place of work" estimates from the CES program, are adjusted to
refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Unemployment
estimates are aggregates of persons previously employed in
industries covered by state unemployment (UI) laws and entrants to
the labor force data from the CPS. The sub-state estimates of
employment and unemployment which geographically exhaust the
entire state, are adjusted proportionally to ensure that they add
to the independently estimated state totals. A detailed
description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS
upon request.
Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data shown
for the prior year reflect adjustments made at the end of each
year, usually with January estimates. The adjusted estimates
reflect updated population data from the Bureau of the Census and
any revisions in the other data sources. In addition, data for
all states, the District of Columbia, and the two large sub-state
areas noted are adjusted annually to equal the CPS annual
averages, usually effective with January estimates. All other sub-
state estimates are adjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked)
state estimates.
Employment-from the CES program
Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on
establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay
period which includes the 12th of the month, except for federal
government employment, which represents the number of persons who
occupied positions on the last day of the month. Persons are
counted at their place of work rather than at their place of
residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on
each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their
principal product or activity in accordance with the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification Manual.
Method of estimation. The employment data are estimated
using a "link relative" technique in which a ratio (link relative)
of current-month employment to that of the previous month is
computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both
months. The estimates of employment for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by
these ratios.
Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually
to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived
principally from tax reports which are submitted by employers who
are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The
benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates
between the new benchmark and the preceding one and also to
establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month.
Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of
employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month
changes in the level for the subsequent months.
Reliability of the estimates
The estimates presented in this release are based on sample
survey and administrative data and thus are subject to sampling
and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of
sampling variability_that is, variation that occurs by chance
because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed.
Survey data are also subject to nonsampling errors, such as those
which can be introduced into the data collection and processing
operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys
are subject to additional errors resulting from the special
estimation processes used. The sums of individual items may not
always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of
rounding. With respect to the LAUS program, unemployment rates
are computed, in most instances, from unrounded data rather than
from data that may be displayed in the tables; differences,
however, are generally insignificant.
Labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling
error, in the form of the standard errors for state annual average
estimates derived from the CPS, are available in the annual BLS
bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Error measures cannot be computed for sub-state areas because of
the special estimation processes used. Measures of nonsampling
error for CPS data are not available, but additional information
on the subject is provided in the BLS monthly periodical,
Employment and Earnings.
Employment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not
available for state CES data, but the relatively large size of the
samples maintained by the state agencies and the annual adjustment
of employment estimates to more recent benchmark levels assure a
high degree of accuracy. Information on recent benchmark
revisions for states is available upon request.
Area definitions. The sub-state area data published in this
release reflect the standards and definitions established by the
U.S. Office of Management and Budget, dated June 30, 1996. A
detailed list of the geographic definitions is published annually
in the May issue of Employment and Earnings.
Additional information
More complete information on the technical procedures used to
develop these estimates and additional data appear in Employment
and Earnings, which is available by subscription for $35.00 a year
from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402 (telephone 202-512-1800).
Estimates of unadjusted and seasonally adjusted labor force and
unemployment data for states, census regions and divisions,
and two areas are available in the news release, Regional and
State Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of labor force and
unemployment for all states, metropolitan areas, labor market
areas, counties, cities with a population of 25,000 or more, and
other areas used in the administration of various federal economic
assistance programs are provided in the report, Unemployment in
States and Local Areas, which is available monthly in microfiche
form by subscription from the U.S. Government Printing Office for
$41.00 a year. The order number for a subscription is
029-001-81003-2. These data are also available from the BLS Internet
at (http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm). Employment data from the CES
program are available at http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; TDD
phone: 202-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577.
LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and metropolitan area
(numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number Percent of labor force
State and area
March April
March April March April
1997 1998 1997 1998p
1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p
Alabama................. 2,158.3 2,134.5 2,177.3 2,133.8 99.2 77.8 108.1 72.6 4.6 3.6 5.0 3.4
Anniston.............. 54.8 53.4 55.4 53.4 2.7 2.0 2.8 2.0 4.9 3.8 5.1 3.7
Birmingham............ 465.5 467.2 469.7 468.5 13.8 11.2 15.3 10.4 3.0 2.4 3.3 2.2
Decatur............... 72.6 71.2 72.2 70.9 3.5 2.6 3.8 2.3 4.8 3.6 5.3 3.2
Dothan................ 66.8 66.6 67.4 66.5 2.9 2.0 3.2 1.7 4.4 2.9 4.8 2.6
Florence.............. 71.2 70.0 71.6 69.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 4.7 5.9 6.4 6.7 6.7
Gadsden............... 49.7 50.0 50.6 50.2 2.6 1.7 2.7 1.6 5.1 3.5 5.4 3.1
Huntsville............ 169.0 170.5 169.3 170.1 4.8 4.4 5.1 4.1 2.8 2.6 3.0 2.4
Mobile................ 267.3 266.6 270.7 266.6 12.7 8.5 13.4 8.1 4.8 3.2 5.0 3.0
Montgomery............ 161.3 158.0 162.0 158.5 6.4 4.5 6.8 4.2 3.9 2.8 4.2 2.6
Tuscaloosa............ 82.8 84.2 83.0 84.3 2.6 1.9 2.8 1.8 3.1 2.2 3.3 2.1
Alaska.................. 311.3 312.1 310.2 310.8 29.9 21.7 27.1 18.8 9.6 7.0 8.7 6.0
Anchorage............. 137.2 139.4 135.9 139.0 9.4 6.8 8.4 6.1 6.8 4.8 6.2 4.4
Arizona................. 2,112.9 2,234.8 2,117.5 2,244.6 89.9 83.5 91.2 85.8 4.3 3.7 4.3 3.8
Flagstaff............. 57.1 58.7 57.0 60.8 4.4 4.6 4.0 3.9 7.7 7.9 7.1 6.5
Phoenix-Mesa.......... 1,388.2 1,482.2 1,387.7 1,486.6 41.1 37.2 38.7 35.4 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.4
Tucson................ 353.1 367.8 354.1 365.4 10.9 10.4 10.5 9.7 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.7
Yuma.................. 57.5 58.1 62.3 64.0 11.2 10.4 17.5 17.3 19.5 18.0 28.0 27.1
Arkansas................ 1,194.7 1,242.4 1,195.7 1,245.9 66.5 71.5 58.6 60.4 5.6 5.8 4.9 4.9
Fayetteville-Springda-
le-Rogers.......... 135.2 140.5 135.6 141.3 4.5 5.4 3.9 4.3 3.3 3.8 2.9 3.1
Fort Smith............ 93.9 96.3 93.7 96.7 5.0 5.1 4.5 4.3 5.3 5.3 4.8 4.5
Jonesboro............. 39.7 41.8 39.4 41.8 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 4.6 4.5 4.1 3.9
Little Rock-North
Little Rock........ 289.4 302.7 290.1 303.9 11.3 12.4 10.5 10.7 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.5
Pine Bluff............ 35.8 36.7 35.5 36.6 2.8 3.0 2.6 2.6 7.7 8.2 7.2 7.1
California.............. 15,777.7 16,138.7 15,803.9 16,098.4 1,031.2 988.0 991.6 924.7 6.5 6.1 6.3 5.7
Bakersfield........... 277.7 276.4 278.7 282.5 39.4 40.2 33.3 34.5 14.2 14.5 11.9 12.2
Chico-Paradise........ 84.8 86.4 84.9 86.3 7.9 8.2 7.4 7.6 9.3 9.4 8.8 8.8
Fresno................ 412.6 424.0 428.0 437.8 64.7 70.3 58.8 65.2 15.7 16.6 13.7 14.9
Los Angeles-Long Beach 4,433.1 4,596.7 4,451.6 4,556.8 305.9 285.3 302.8 278.9 6.9 6.2 6.8 6.1
Merced................ 82.3 83.9 83.2 84.8 15.5 15.9 14.2 14.6 18.8 19.0 17.0 17.2
Modesto............... 194.7 200.0 196.9 201.0 29.0 28.0 28.5 26.6 14.9 14.0 14.5 13.3
Oakland............... 1,164.1 1,180.3 1,161.2 1,175.9 48.9 45.5 48.8 43.4 4.2 3.9 4.2 3.7
Orange County......... 1,366.1 1,403.7 1,362.1 1,400.6 43.6 39.3 43.2 37.4 3.2 2.8 3.2 2.7
Redding............... 71.8 72.6 71.9 72.0 7.5 7.7 6.9 6.8 10.4 10.6 9.5 9.5
Riverside-San
Bernardino......... 1,347.2 1,383.0 1,341.3 1,376.1 85.9 80.1 86.5 76.1 6.4 5.8 6.4 5.5
Sacramento............ 734.4 744.2 730.7 741.2 39.9 38.0 38.4 35.4 5.4 5.1 5.3 4.8
Salinas............... 181.8 184.8 183.9 184.1 27.2 27.9 20.9 20.8 15.0 15.1 11.4 11.3
San Diego............. 1,272.8 1,286.0 1,267.9 1,281.2 54.1 45.0 53.8 41.7 4.3 3.5 4.2 3.3
San Francisco......... 924.0 931.4 924.8 926.9 29.2 27.6 29.2 25.9 3.2 3.0 3.2 2.8
San Jose.............. 925.5 953.9 922.8 951.9 28.4 27.1 28.6 26.5 3.1 2.8 3.1 2.8
San Luis
Obispo-Atascadero-
Paso Robles........ 104.7 107.7 107.5 108.9 5.1 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.1 4.3 4.2
Santa Barbara-Santa
Maria-Lompoc....... 197.1 193.1 197.1 194.0 11.1 10.4 9.4 8.3 5.6 5.4 4.8 4.3
Santa Cruz-Watsonville 141.4 145.2 144.1 148.9 14.2 14.1 12.5 12.0 10.0 9.7 8.6 8.1
Santa Rosa............ 236.8 242.4 237.2 242.5 9.3 8.7 9.1 8.1 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.3
Stockton-Lodi......... 243.5 247.0 243.8 246.4 28.2 29.3 27.1 27.2 11.6 11.8 11.1 11.0
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa 234.8 241.8 233.8 241.7 14.9 13.3 14.4 12.3 6.3 5.5 6.1 5.1
Ventura............... 382.9 385.0 382.4 382.5 21.4 18.8 21.1 16.9 5.6 4.9 5.5 4.4
Visalia-Tulare-Porter-
ville.............. 159.6 159.5 160.5 163.1 27.7 29.4 22.6 25.5 17.3 18.4 14.1 15.7
Yolo.................. 86.6 86.2 85.8 86.6 5.9 5.9 4.8 5.0 6.8 6.9 5.6 5.8
Yuba City............. 55.5 57.2 56.3 57.1 9.6 10.7 8.9 10.1 17.4 18.7 15.8 17.7
Colorado................ 2,100.3 2,202.7 2,102.8 2,203.3 75.3 72.1 64.6 66.2 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.0
Boulder-Longmont...... 161.6 170.3 162.0 170.1 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.1 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.4
Colorado Springs...... 238.3 244.2 238.7 246.4 9.3 9.3 8.1 8.6 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.5
Denver................ 1,056.5 1,105.6 1,059.0 1,109.2 33.0 29.6 28.5 27.3 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.5
Fort Collins-Loveland. 128.1 135.4 129.5 136.0 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.2 3.0 2.8
Grand Junction........ 55.0 57.8 54.8 57.6 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.1 4.7 4.3 4.0 3.7
Greeley............... 77.7 82.4 78.3 82.2 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.7 4.4 3.7 3.5 3.3
Pueblo................ 57.5 62.6 57.8 62.3 2.9 4.2 2.4 3.8 5.0 6.8 4.2 6.1
Connecticut............. 1,710.4 1,712.1 1,707.6 1,700.1 94.1 70.7 88.5 62.1 5.5 4.1 5.2 3.7
Bridgeport............ 218.7 217.5 218.0 215.1 14.0 10.6 13.3 9.0 6.4 4.9 6.1 4.2
Danbury............... 106.8 108.7 106.7 108.6 3.9 3.0 3.6 2.9 3.7 2.8 3.3 2.7
Hartford.............. 591.3 584.5 585.6 578.0 34.5 24.9 31.4 21.0 5.8 4.3 5.4 3.6
New Haven-Meriden..... 269.6 267.7 273.7 267.6 14.8 10.6 15.6 10.1 5.5 4.0 5.7 3.8
New London-Norwich.... 150.7 153.0 150.7 152.3 8.5 7.2 7.9 6.6 5.6 4.7 5.3 4.3
Stamford-Norwalk...... 189.4 194.2 189.9 193.7 6.5 5.2 5.9 4.4 3.4 2.7 3.1 2.3
Waterbury............. 117.0 118.9 116.0 116.9 7.8 5.9 7.3 5.2 6.7 5.0 6.3 4.4
Delaware................ 376.3 391.8 371.9 388.8 17.8 14.5 14.6 13.1 4.7 3.7 3.9 3.4
Dover................. 67.0 69.4 65.5 68.7 3.6 3.0 2.9 2.7 5.3 4.3 4.4 4.0
Wilmington-Newark..... 285.5 295.1 281.8 292.1 14.5 11.7 11.8 10.6 5.1 4.0 4.2 3.6
District of Columbia.... 258.0 259.3 255.0 265.2 19.5 23.6 18.2 22.1 7.6 9.1 7.2 8.3
Washington............ 2,485.8 2,561.7 2,482.3 2,562.2 90.0 84.0 86.2 72.9 3.6 3.3 3.5 2.8
Florida................. 6,966.7 7,219.5 6,983.1 7,240.8 312.1 317.0 316.7 311.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.3
Daytona Beach......... 184.4 190.5 184.9 190.2 6.9 7.0 6.9 6.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5
Fort Lauderdale....... 733.7 760.6 734.6 761.4 34.1 37.5 35.6 37.3 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9
Fort Myers-Cape Coral. 170.7 172.4 170.1 172.0 5.5 5.5 5.8 5.1 3.2 3.2 3.4 2.9
Fort Pierce-Port St.
Lucie.............. 119.8 121.3 118.9 121.1 9.0 8.3 8.8 8.0 7.5 6.9 7.4 6.6
Fort Walton Beach..... 75.6 79.2 77.2 80.2 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.7 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.3
Gainesville........... 99.4 102.7 100.2 103.3 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7
Jacksonville.......... 512.7 536.9 518.3 542.0 18.1 18.2 18.0 17.8 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.3
Lakeland-Winter Haven. 192.5 196.6 193.0 196.8 10.3 9.3 10.3 8.9 5.3 4.7 5.3 4.5
Melbourne-Titusville-
Palm Bay........... 198.4 203.3 199.5 203.9 9.0 9.0 9.3 8.9 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.3
Miami................. 1,026.7 1,043.8 1,024.9 1,044.1 70.5 70.0 73.0 71.0 6.9 6.7 7.1 6.8
Naples................ 86.6 89.5 85.2 88.9 3.4 2.9 3.1 2.7 3.9 3.3 3.6 3.1
Ocala................. 92.4 94.8 92.2 95.2 4.4 4.1 4.2 3.8 4.8 4.3 4.5 4.0
Orlando............... 789.2 828.0 794.4 833.4 26.1 25.7 26.2 25.0 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.0
Panama City........... 64.3 67.1 65.4 67.5 4.1 4.9 3.7 3.9 6.3 7.2 5.7 5.8
Pensacola............. 165.2 170.5 166.0 171.9 6.5 7.2 6.6 7.3 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.3
Punta Gorda........... 45.7 46.6 45.6 46.3 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 4.0 3.7 4.0 3.5
Sarasota-Bradenton.... 255.3 274.9 256.8 276.6 6.5 6.6 6.9 6.9 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.5
Tallahassee........... 140.2 142.7 140.7 143.5 4.1 4.7 4.1 4.6 2.9 3.3 2.9 3.2
Tampa-St.
Petersburg-Clearwa-
ter................ 1,112.0 1,159.5 1,111.3 1,161.0 37.3 38.5 37.9 37.0 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.2
West Palm Beach-Boca
Raton.............. 474.2 493.6 474.8 496.3 26.8 26.4 26.9 27.4 5.6 5.3 5.7 5.5
Georgia................. 3,893.9 3,938.5 3,876.7 3,939.8 184.4 158.4 166.7 139.7 4.7 4.0 4.3 3.5
Albany................ 57.5 57.5 57.3 57.5 3.6 4.4 3.4 3.9 6.2 7.7 5.9 6.7
Athens................ 72.9 74.7 73.3 74.4 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.0 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.7
Atlanta............... 2,046.2 2,083.4 2,040.9 2,087.9 78.3 65.9 72.9 58.9 3.8 3.2 3.6 2.8
Augusta-Aiken......... 204.7 201.7 204.5 202.5 12.9 9.3 11.7 8.6 6.3 4.6 5.7 4.2
Columbus.............. 122.4 122.5 122.0 122.5 5.8 5.2 5.5 4.8 4.7 4.2 4.5 4.0
Macon................. 152.7 154.4 151.8 154.2 8.0 7.7 7.0 7.0 5.3 5.0 4.6 4.5
Savannah.............. 134.8 133.2 133.8 133.4 7.7 5.3 6.3 4.8 5.7 4.0 4.7 3.6
Hawaii.................. 590.3 591.4 590.9 592.7 37.5 32.8 39.2 31.7 6.4 5.5 6.6 5.3
Honolulu.............. 425.0 424.9 425.3 426.1 22.6 19.6 23.0 19.4 5.3 4.6 5.4 4.5
Idaho................... 622.1 638.5 623.4 639.3 40.4 39.8 36.0 35.1 6.5 6.2 5.8 5.5
Boise City............ 210.8 217.8 210.4 216.7 8.6 8.6 8.1 8.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.7
Pocatello............. 39.3 40.9 38.9 40.6 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0 5.9 5.5 5.2 4.9
Illinois................ 6,073.9 6,147.6 6,076.9 6,107.3 310.4 297.7 279.8 251.7 5.1 4.8 4.6 4.1
Bloomington-Normal.... 80.3 83.4 81.0 83.3 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.4
Champaign-Urbana...... 94.2 95.0 93.7 93.6 2.8 3.1 2.6 2.4 3.0 3.3 2.7 2.6
Chicago............... 4,036.9 4,095.5 4,038.5 4,065.6 198.2 186.6 181.2 161.0 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.0
Davenport-Moline-Rock
Island............. 182.1 185.9 182.1 185.2 7.9 7.0 6.9 5.7 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.1
Decatur............... 57.9 57.4 58.4 57.6 4.4 3.4 4.1 3.1 7.6 5.9 7.0 5.3
Kankakee.............. 51.2 51.7 51.3 51.5 3.3 3.4 2.9 2.9 6.5 6.5 5.7 5.7
Peoria-Pekin.......... 178.6 181.6 179.7 180.3 9.0 7.7 7.9 5.8 5.0 4.2 4.4 3.2
Rockford.............. 193.1 196.2 193.6 194.5 9.0 9.3 8.0 7.7 4.7 4.7 4.1 3.9
Springfield........... 104.4 106.1 105.1 105.7 4.7 4.8 4.2 3.8 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.6
Indiana................. 3,050.8 3,105.4 3,083.5 3,113.6 117.1 116.9 109.7 90.2 3.8 3.8 3.6 2.9
Bloomington........... 61.5 62.6 62.6 63.1 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.7 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.7
Elkhart-Goshen........ 93.4 92.9 94.0 92.7 3.1 2.7 2.9 2.2 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.3
Evansville-Henderson.. 155.8 156.0 156.9 155.8 7.4 6.3 7.1 5.6 4.8 4.0 4.5 3.6
Fort Wayne............ 260.6 266.4 263.8 266.7 8.3 8.6 7.7 6.4 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.4
Gary.................. 299.4 303.3 304.3 304.9 12.9 14.7 13.8 10.8 4.3 4.9 4.5 3.6
Indianapolis.......... 814.5 842.3 821.4 842.3 23.8 24.5 22.9 20.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.4
Kokomo................ 50.9 52.1 51.2 52.6 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.4 3.5 3.6 3.2 2.7
Lafayette............. 88.8 91.0 89.7 91.5 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.0 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.2
Muncie................ 63.3 63.6 64.0 63.4 2.6 3.1 2.5 2.6 4.1 4.9 4.0 4.1
South Bend............ 134.8 136.9 136.0 136.3 4.9 4.7 4.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 2.6
Terre Haute........... 72.4 71.8 73.0 71.5 4.6 4.5 4.4 3.6 6.3 6.2 6.0 5.0
Iowa.................... 1,576.7 1,579.6 1,571.9 1,576.9 66.8 49.9 54.7 38.6 4.2 3.2 3.5 2.5
Cedar Rapids.......... 109.0 112.4 108.3 111.2 3.8 2.5 3.2 2.0 3.4 2.2 3.0 1.8
Des Moines............ 254.2 254.4 251.0 252.3 8.1 6.3 7.0 4.7 3.2 2.5 2.8 1.9
Dubuque............... 49.7 50.4 49.4 50.1 2.6 1.9 2.2 1.5 5.2 3.8 4.5 2.9
Iowa City............. 65.7 67.0 65.5 66.7 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.2 2.7 2.1 2.4 1.8
Sioux City............ 65.2 65.4 65.2 65.1 2.9 2.0 2.6 1.7 4.4 3.0 4.0 2.6
Waterloo-Cedar Falls.. 69.4 70.6 68.7 69.7 3.2 2.5 2.8 2.1 4.6 3.5 4.1 3.0
Kansas.................. 1,340.7 1,403.0 1,341.2 1,404.9 52.7 50.8 51.1 46.1 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.3
Lawrence.............. 52.6 55.9 53.2 55.6 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.0 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.5
Topeka................ 88.4 89.4 87.0 88.6 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.3 4.8 4.6 4.6 3.7
Wichita............... 268.4 284.3 269.2 284.0 9.3 7.8 9.4 7.6 3.5 2.8 3.5 2.7
Kentucky................ 1,890.4 1,919.2 1,906.2 1,924.0 110.8 88.3 102.8 74.9 5.9 4.6 5.4 3.9
Lexington............. 245.3 255.2 250.0 259.0 6.6 5.4 6.7 4.7 2.7 2.1 2.7 1.8
Louisville............ 535.3 554.8 540.2 555.4 22.8 18.4 21.9 15.2 4.3 3.3 4.0 2.7
Owensboro............. 48.9 49.8 49.1 49.3 3.3 2.1 2.9 1.6 6.7 4.3 5.9 3.3
Louisiana............... 2,008.5 2,024.4 2,007.4 2,042.1 121.8 90.9 113.4 101.2 6.1 4.5 5.6 5.0
Alexandria............ 58.3 58.5 58.1 58.9 3.6 2.5 3.2 2.6 6.1 4.2 5.5 4.4
Baton Rouge........... 289.0 294.0 287.5 296.0 13.9 10.4 13.8 11.7 4.8 3.5 4.8 3.9
Houma................. 86.6 92.0 88.0 93.3 3.4 2.4 3.1 2.8 3.9 2.6 3.5 3.0
Lafayette............. 171.6 177.5 173.0 179.0 8.8 8.0 8.3 8.7 5.1 4.5 4.8 4.9
Lake Charles.......... 91.2 90.6 90.8 91.5 5.5 3.7 5.3 4.2 6.0 4.1 5.9 4.6
Monroe................ 70.0 69.9 69.9 70.2 4.5 3.1 4.1 3.2 6.4 4.4 5.8 4.6
New Orleans........... 613.6 614.2 612.8 619.0 32.1 23.4 30.3 26.5 5.2 3.8 5.0 4.3
Shreveport-Bossier
City............... 183.4 187.2 183.1 188.3 12.0 9.4 11.4 10.0 6.6 5.0 6.2 5.3
Maine................... 655.9 649.5 650.7 644.6 43.8 36.1 40.6 30.0 6.7 5.6 6.2 4.6
Bangor................ 49.3 50.8 50.3 50.7 2.5 2.0 2.4 1.6 5.2 3.9 4.7 3.1
Lewiston-Auburn....... 51.7 51.6 51.0 50.7 3.8 2.9 3.2 2.4 7.3 5.6 6.3 4.7
Portland.............. 131.7 133.0 130.6 130.4 4.4 3.8 3.9 3.1 3.4 2.9 3.0 2.3
Maryland................ 2,764.0 2,767.4 2,758.5 2,760.6 142.1 131.1 132.9 113.8 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.1
Baltimore............. 1,308.6 1,307.7 1,305.8 1,306.0 73.3 67.7 69.1 60.1 5.6 5.2 5.3 4.6
Cumberland............ 45.6 46.3 45.7 46.0 4.4 3.9 3.8 3.2 9.6 8.4 8.3 7.0
Hagerstown............ 69.9 72.2 69.4 71.4 4.0 3.7 3.1 2.6 5.8 5.1 4.4 3.6
Massachusetts........... 3,236.1 3,249.3 3,231.4 3,213.0 147.8 137.4 131.9 91.9 4.6 4.2 4.1 2.9
Barnstable-Yarmouth... 66.9 67.7 68.9 68.7 5.1 4.9 3.9 2.7 7.6 7.2 5.6 3.9
Boston................ 1,800.3 1,806.3 1,793.9 1,788.0 66.4 60.7 60.9 42.6 3.7 3.4 3.4 2.4
Brockton.............. 131.4 131.7 131.3 130.1 6.8 6.2 6.2 4.2 5.2 4.7 4.7 3.2
Fitchburg-Leominster.. 69.5 70.4 70.4 69.4 3.7 3.3 3.4 2.2 5.3 4.7 4.9 3.1
Lawrence.............. 195.4 197.6 196.4 196.1 10.4 9.5 9.8 7.6 5.3 4.8 5.0 3.9
Lowell................ 161.0 166.8 161.0 164.2 6.9 6.5 6.2 4.5 4.3 3.9 3.8 2.7
New Bedford........... 82.1 82.4 81.3 80.1 7.6 7.5 6.3 4.6 9.2 9.0 7.8 5.7
Pittsfield............ 39.8 39.6 39.6 38.9 2.8 2.4 2.4 1.5 7.0 6.0 6.1 4.0
Springfield........... 283.8 286.3 283.7 283.3 13.6 14.0 11.9 9.3 4.8 4.9 4.2 3.3
Worcester............. 249.1 248.9 248.1 246.2 10.5 10.0 9.3 6.8 4.2 4.0 3.8 2.8
Michigan................ 4,940.8 5,008.3 4,916.1 4,957.7 241.4 222.5 210.3 169.1 4.9 4.4 4.3 3.4
Ann Arbor............. 290.1 294.9 288.0 292.3 8.6 7.3 7.6 5.5 3.0 2.5 2.6 1.9
Benton Harbor......... 82.9 82.6 82.5 82.0 4.9 4.3 4.2 3.3 5.9 5.2 5.0 4.1
Detroit............... 2,217.4 2,251.7 2,204.5 2,230.4 92.4 84.4 84.4 68.2 4.2 3.7 3.8 3.1
Flint................. 204.8 205.4 201.8 202.0 12.2 10.9 10.7 8.9 6.0 5.3 5.3 4.4
Grand
Rapids-Muskegon-Ho-
lland.............. 575.2 589.1 573.8 585.2 21.6 20.4 17.9 15.1 3.7 3.5 3.1 2.6
Jackson............... 75.9 76.2 75.8 75.7 3.8 3.3 3.4 2.5 5.1 4.3 4.5 3.3
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek 229.2 230.9 228.6 228.3 10.2 9.2 8.5 7.0 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.1
Lansing-East Lansing.. 243.5 244.4 241.9 242.6 8.3 9.1 6.9 5.8 3.4 3.7 2.9 2.4
Saginaw-Bay
City-Midland....... 198.7 200.6 197.9 199.0 11.0 10.4 8.8 8.1 5.6 5.2 4.4 4.1
Minnesota............... 2,572.2 2,657.4 2,592.2 2,679.3 97.0 84.5 94.6 71.5 3.8 3.2 3.6 2.7
Duluth-Superior....... 121.2 124.4 121.6 125.1 7.1 6.3 7.3 5.5 5.9 5.1 6.0 4.4
Minneapolis-St.Paul... 1,608.1 1,670.0 1,612.0 1,678.8 43.3 37.3 41.4 32.5 2.7 2.2 2.6 1.9
Rochester............. 64.7 67.7 65.0 68.0 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.2 2.5 1.9 2.4 1.7
St. Cloud............. 91.7 93.8 92.7 94.6 4.8 3.9 4.5 2.9 5.2 4.1 4.9 3.1
Mississippi............. 1,254.7 1,286.6 1,245.3 1,272.1 74.0 74.5 64.1 60.9 5.9 5.8 5.1 4.8
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pasca-
goula.............. 159.4 163.8 158.4 163.0 8.5 6.4 7.9 5.8 5.3 3.9 5.0 3.6
Hattiesburg........... 50.1 52.2 49.9 51.5 1.6 2.0 1.4 1.5 3.1 3.8 2.9 2.8
Jackson............... 218.9 228.9 218.7 228.4 7.7 7.8 7.0 6.7 3.5 3.4 3.2 2.9
Missouri................ 2,868.0 2,872.9 2,884.1 2,909.4 130.7 128.0 120.7 123.5 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.2
Columbia.............. 80.3 79.7 81.2 81.1 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.5
Joplin................ 80.6 79.9 80.7 81.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.2 4.0 3.8 3.7 4.0
Kansas City........... 946.8 983.9 948.3 986.0 34.5 36.6 37.7 35.3 3.6 3.7 4.0 3.6
St. Joseph............ 49.0 49.4 49.0 49.7 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 5.7 5.6 5.2 5.2
St. Louis LMA......... 1,340.5 1,342.2 1,344.9 1,353.0 55.2 57.5 51.3 57.4 4.1 4.3 3.8 4.2
Springfield........... 165.8 166.0 168.2 170.5 6.3 5.7 5.5 5.5 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.2
Montana................. 448.1 459.7 451.6 462.1 28.1 28.9 24.6 24.9 6.3 6.3 5.5 5.4
Billings.............. 68.1 70.2 68.7 70.3 3.4 3.5 3.1 2.9 5.0 5.0 4.5 4.1
Great Falls........... 37.5 37.5 37.8 37.7 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.9 6.0 5.9 5.3 5.0
Nebraska................ 890.9 918.5 892.0 921.5 26.8 21.2 21.6 14.9 3.0 2.3 2.4 1.6
Lincoln............... 140.2 141.8 140.0 140.9 3.5 2.4 2.9 1.7 2.5 1.7 2.0 1.2
Omaha................. 379.4 395.5 377.2 396.8 11.3 9.0 9.4 6.4 3.0 2.3 2.5 1.6
Nevada.................. 864.6 902.7 867.4 906.2 33.8 39.4 34.3 40.6 3.9 4.4 3.9 4.5
Las Vegas............. 652.8 684.8 653.4 686.2 25.0 27.9 25.0 28.8 3.8 4.1 3.8 4.2
Reno.................. 167.5 172.3 168.7 173.4 6.2 7.1 6.4 7.1 3.7 4.1 3.8 4.1
New Hampshire........... 631.2 647.9 636.4 649.5 21.3 21.4 22.0 19.6 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.0
Manchester............ 99.6 102.2 100.1 101.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.4
Nashua................ 98.8 104.0 99.6 105.1 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.6
Portsmouth-Rochester.. 120.7 122.2 121.8 124.2 3.7 3.3 3.8 2.9 3.1 2.7 3.2 2.3
New Jersey.............. 4,172.9 4,172.8 4,161.4 4,153.2 226.0 220.1 200.4 197.7 5.4 5.3 4.8 4.8
Atlantic-Cape May..... 169.0 170.9 169.9 171.3 16.5 18.5 13.9 15.4 9.7 10.8 8.2 9.0
Bergen-Passaic........ 676.6 674.4 674.9 671.7 36.9 33.4 33.6 29.8 5.5 5.0 5.0 4.4
Jersey City........... 285.8 282.8 283.9 280.5 22.6 22.6 21.1 21.0 7.9 8.0 7.4 7.5
Middlesex-Somerset-Hu-
nterdon............ 632.9 647.0 632.8 642.3 23.3 23.3 20.7 21.6 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.4
Monmouth-Ocean........ 510.9 509.6 514.1 510.0 26.7 25.8 23.0 23.0 5.2 5.1 4.5 4.5
Newark................ 1,021.2 1,020.7 1,013.6 1,011.7 54.6 50.8 48.8 46.1 5.3 5.0 4.8 4.6
Trenton............... 171.9 170.0 171.2 168.3 8.1 7.9 7.1 6.6 4.7 4.6 4.2 3.9
Vineland-Millville-Br-
idgeton............ 65.1 66.5 64.5 66.5 6.2 7.2 5.5 6.3 9.5 10.8 8.5 9.5
New Mexico.............. 809.9 840.7 812.4 841.0 52.9 54.3 49.7 50.1 6.5 6.5 6.1 6.0
Albuquerque........... 351.5 367.5 354.3 368.6 14.6 16.1 13.7 15.2 4.1 4.4 3.9 4.1
Las Cruces............ 65.8 69.5 66.4 68.7 6.5 7.1 6.2 5.9 9.9 10.2 9.3 8.6
Santa Fe.............. 73.7 75.8 73.3 76.4 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.4 3.9 3.4 3.7 3.1
New York................ 8,782.4 8,775.4 8,741.0 8,704.9 611.4 571.1 559.4 494.5 7.0 6.5 6.4 5.7
Albany-Schenectady-Tr-
oy................. 451.4 451.0 450.0 449.0 20.8 20.6 17.7 16.5 4.6 4.6 3.9 3.7
Binghamton............ 123.4 126.1 123.2 124.6 6.0 6.3 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.2 3.9
Buffalo-Niagara Falls. 577.2 578.1 574.4 573.3 32.8 35.0 28.6 31.6 5.7 6.1 5.0 5.5
Dutchess County....... 118.7 118.8 118.5 118.5 5.3 4.6 4.6 3.9 4.5 3.9 3.9 3.3
Elmira................ 44.3 44.3 44.0 43.7 2.0 2.3 1.7 1.8 4.5 5.1 3.9 4.2
Glens Falls........... 59.5 59.9 59.4 59.6 5.0 4.9 4.1 3.6 8.3 8.2 6.9 6.1
Jamestown............. 67.8 67.6 67.1 66.7 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.6 6.1 6.1 5.5 5.4
Nassau-Suffolk........ 1,371.8 1,388.0 1,373.0 1,385.5 52.2 51.3 46.4 46.9 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.4
New York.............. 4,042.2 4,015.7 4,005.6 3,971.4 372.1 327.8 349.1 290.2 9.2 8.2 8.7 7.3
New York City...... 3,410.4 3,380.1 3,377.8 3,337.1 348.4 304.9 328.1 269.9 10.2 9.0 9.7 8.1
Newburgh.............. 170.2 169.5 169.2 168.1 7.9 7.2 7.1 6.2 4.6 4.3 4.2 3.7
Rochester............. 569.2 568.2 568.8 564.6 24.9 26.5 21.8 22.6 4.4 4.7 3.8 4.0
Syracuse.............. 364.3 362.7 366.2 360.1 18.8 18.9 16.6 14.8 5.2 5.2 4.5 4.1
Utica-Rome............ 141.1 141.9 141.1 140.7 8.4 8.5 7.7 6.8 5.9 6.0 5.5 4.9
North Carolina.......... 3,808.7 3,809.7 3,819.2 3,795.4 134.4 145.0 121.3 127.5 3.5 3.8 3.2 3.4
Asheville............. 110.4 110.9 111.5 110.6 3.3 3.5 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.2 2.6 2.5
Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro-
ck Hill............ 746.7 748.7 747.3 743.2 21.8 20.7 20.1 18.2 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.4
Fayetteville.......... 112.1 115.0 112.3 113.7 4.2 4.8 4.1 3.9 3.7 4.2 3.6 3.5
Goldsboro............. 46.8 48.5 46.9 48.3 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.9 3.4 4.2 3.3 3.9
Greensboro-Winston-Sa-
lem-High Point..... 641.7 636.4 640.5 631.8 18.3 19.0 15.8 17.8 2.9 3.0 2.5 2.8
Greenville............ 64.2 66.1 64.1 65.5 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.3
Hickory-Morganton-Len-
oir................ 175.8 171.4 175.0 170.8 5.2 5.6 5.1 5.3 2.9 3.3 2.9 3.1
Jacksonville.......... 44.1 45.3 43.9 44.9 1.4 1.9 1.2 1.4 3.1 4.1 2.8 3.1
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel
Hill............... 601.5 616.8 608.7 614.2 11.2 11.5 10.1 10.1 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.6
Rocky Mount........... 71.2 69.6 71.3 68.9 5.1 5.4 4.8 4.7 7.2 7.7 6.7 6.8
Wilmington............ 107.9 106.6 108.0 106.3 3.9 5.2 3.4 4.0 3.6 4.8 3.2 3.8
North Dakota............ 340.4 338.8 346.7 343.0 11.0 9.5 10.2 6.8 3.2 2.8 2.9 2.0
Bismarck.............. 53.3 53.1 53.6 53.2 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.0 3.6 2.9 3.0 1.9
Fargo-Moorhead........ 100.3 102.9 101.8 103.0 2.3 1.9 2.4 1.4 2.3 1.8 2.3 1.3
Grand Forks........... 53.9 53.9 53.9 54.0 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.1 3.3 2.6 3.2 2.1
Ohio.................... 5,611.0 5,745.8 5,619.1 5,719.3 290.5 270.8 253.8 208.9 5.2 4.7 4.5 3.7
Akron................. 358.8 367.4 358.7 364.7 17.9 16.9 15.3 12.4 5.0 4.6 4.3 3.4
Canton-Massillon...... 200.2 205.2 199.9 204.6 11.5 9.9 10.0 7.4 5.7 4.8 5.0 3.6
Cincinnati............ 820.8 847.4 824.6 848.5 33.3 30.0 30.5 24.3 4.1 3.5 3.7 2.9
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyr-
ia................. 1,095.2 1,125.6 1,098.0 1,120.0 60.5 55.6 53.4 42.2 5.5 4.9 4.9 3.8
Columbus.............. 788.2 815.6 790.7 815.9 25.0 23.8 22.0 19.0 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.3
Dayton-Springfield.... 471.5 479.3 470.4 475.6 20.5 18.6 17.8 15.0 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.1
Hamilton-Middletown... 172.4 175.7 172.5 175.7 6.4 6.5 5.6 5.2 3.7 3.7 3.2 3.0
Lima.................. 73.6 75.6 74.1 76.0 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.1 5.5 4.8 4.9 4.1
Mansfield............. 82.0 82.9 82.1 82.3 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.0 6.3 5.8 5.6 4.8
Steubenville-Weirton.. 58.0 57.2 58.9 57.5 7.9 4.2 8.0 3.7 13.7 7.3 13.6 6.5
Toledo................ 312.4 316.5 311.1 315.2 15.5 15.5 13.5 13.1 5.0 4.9 4.3 4.2
Youngstown-Warren..... 282.2 289.6 281.7 287.7 18.0 17.7 15.8 13.9 6.4 6.1 5.6 4.8
Oklahoma................ 1,592.3 1,613.5 1,595.9 1,610.7 68.4 57.9 65.1 56.8 4.3 3.6 4.1 3.5
Enid.................. 27.5 28.6 28.0 28.4 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.8
Lawton................ 41.1 40.1 40.9 40.0 2.1 1.7 2.1 1.7 5.2 4.3 5.1 4.2
Oklahoma City......... 523.1 530.1 524.1 529.2 17.1 15.3 16.5 15.3 3.3 2.9 3.1 2.9
Tulsa................. 394.9 406.1 395.2 404.9 14.3 11.1 13.8 11.0 3.6 2.7 3.5 2.7
Oregon.................. 1,698.4 1,767.4 1,707.5 1,764.2 122.9 102.0 105.9 92.8 7.2 5.8 6.2 5.3
Eugene-Springfield.... 156.4 161.7 156.9 161.7 11.0 9.3 9.5 8.4 7.0 5.7 6.1 5.2
Medford-Ashland....... 85.4 87.7 85.0 87.5 8.4 6.8 7.2 5.9 9.9 7.7 8.4 6.8
Portland-Vancouver.... 1,003.9 1,054.5 1,011.5 1,050.6 50.6 42.5 45.0 39.7 5.0 4.0 4.4 3.8
Salem................. 160.1 163.3 161.0 164.0 11.6 9.4 10.3 8.7 7.2 5.7 6.4 5.3
Pennsylvania............ 5,923.1 5,923.5 5,924.2 5,925.6 337.9 301.9 322.8 258.9 5.7 5.1 5.4 4.4
Allentown-Bethlehem-E-
aston.............. 307.0 306.0 306.1 305.4 16.9 14.8 16.3 13.7 5.5 4.8 5.3 4.5
Altoona............... 61.8 62.7 62.6 62.9 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.2 6.1 5.5 6.0 5.0
Erie.................. 139.6 138.9 139.0 138.1 9.4 8.1 9.0 7.1 6.7 5.8 6.5 5.1
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Ca-
rlisle............. 345.5 349.1 346.4 351.0 12.3 12.0 11.7 10.2 3.6 3.4 3.4 2.9
Johnstown............. 106.8 105.5 105.6 105.5 10.0 8.3 9.0 6.6 9.3 7.8 8.6 6.2
Lancaster............. 236.8 243.2 238.5 245.9 7.2 7.5 6.6 6.4 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.6
Philadelphia.......... 2,481.5 2,463.0 2,481.5 2,469.7 124.9 111.5 120.6 103.2 5.0 4.5 4.9 4.2
Pittsburgh............ 1,150.5 1,146.0 1,147.8 1,138.8 63.9 60.5 60.0 49.6 5.6 5.3 5.2 4.4
Reading............... 182.8 184.4 182.5 185.0 8.6 8.2 8.0 7.3 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.0
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-
Hazelton........... 313.3 310.7 311.9 309.0 25.0 21.6 23.6 17.9 8.0 7.0 7.6 5.8
Sharon................ 55.3 56.2 56.8 56.5 3.8 2.7 3.9 2.4 6.8 4.9 6.8 4.2
State College......... 65.3 67.4 66.3 68.3 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.6 3.6 3.2 2.9 2.3
Williamsport.......... 57.4 57.8 57.1 57.9 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.1 7.2 6.7 6.7 5.3
York.................. 192.3 194.3 192.8 194.5 8.8 7.8 8.5 6.6 4.6 4.0 4.4 3.4
Rhode Island............ 496.0 502.5 495.3 496.4 29.7 27.9 26.2 22.9 6.0 5.6 5.3 4.6
Providence-Fall
River-Warwick...... 571.2 576.5 569.3 566.9 36.6 33.9 32.4 25.9 6.4 5.9 5.7 4.6
South Carolina.......... 1,906.8 1,898.2 1,910.9 1,911.6 96.6 44.8 83.2 47.1 5.1 2.4 4.4 2.5
Charleston-North
Charleston......... 251.0 255.5 251.6 258.1 11.8 4.7 10.5 5.2 4.7 1.8 4.2 2.0
Columbia.............. 270.1 271.9 270.1 274.0 8.3 3.6 7.0 3.8 3.1 1.3 2.6 1.4
Florence.............. 64.5 61.9 63.9 62.0 4.0 1.8 3.5 1.8 6.2 3.0 5.4 3.0
Greenville-Spartanbur-
g-Anderson......... 481.4 483.1 483.4 488.3 17.4 7.3 15.3 8.2 3.6 1.5 3.2 1.7
Myrtle Beach.......... 96.1 98.0 98.9 100.6 5.1 2.6 3.6 2.1 5.3 2.7 3.7 2.1
Sumter................ 46.7 46.2 46.6 46.2 2.8 1.4 2.4 1.5 6.0 3.0 5.2 3.2
South Dakota............ 384.7 392.5 389.3 396.9 14.8 13.0 12.1 10.4 3.8 3.3 3.1 2.6
Rapid City............ 45.0 45.6 44.8 45.8 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.2 3.9 3.0 3.4 2.6
Sioux Falls........... 96.0 101.2 96.7 101.5 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.6 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.6
Tennessee............... 2,660.7 2,760.2 2,647.8 2,755.4 147.0 130.7 135.7 122.1 5.5 4.7 5.1 4.4
Chattanooga........... 219.7 225.5 219.2 225.1 10.6 9.9 10.4 9.4 4.8 4.4 4.7 4.2
Clarksville-Hopkinsvi-
lle................ 79.3 82.6 79.0 82.6 3.5 3.1 3.2 2.9 4.4 3.8 4.0 3.5
Jackson............... 54.2 56.8 53.5 56.6 2.7 2.1 2.5 2.1 5.0 3.8 4.7 3.7
Johnson
City-Kingsport-Bri-
stol............... 223.8 233.0 223.2 232.0 10.7 10.8 10.2 9.9 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.3
Knoxville............. 328.9 341.2 329.0 340.6 17.8 14.9 14.9 12.2 5.4 4.4 4.5 3.6
Memphis............... 522.8 540.1 517.6 539.3 22.9 21.9 22.4 21.7 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.0
Nashville............. 601.5 635.5 599.4 635.6 20.7 18.9 20.4 18.6 3.4 3.0 3.4 2.9
Texas................... 9,750.1 9,973.8 9,751.9 9,996.0 535.6 459.5 502.1 421.4 5.5 4.6 5.1 4.2
Abilene............... 60.1 60.5 59.9 60.6 2.7 2.0 2.4 1.8 4.5 3.3 4.0 3.0
Amarillo.............. 109.8 111.5 110.0 111.6 4.5 3.8 4.1 3.4 4.1 3.4 3.8 3.1
Austin-San Marcos..... 641.2 663.9 642.0 666.1 20.1 16.5 18.1 15.0 3.1 2.5 2.8 2.3
Beaumont-Port Arthur.. 179.2 181.0 179.1 181.5 14.9 12.2 14.4 11.7 8.3 6.8 8.1 6.4
Brazoria.............. 105.3 105.0 104.2 104.6 7.4 6.0 7.5 5.6 7.0 5.7 7.2 5.3
Brownsville-Harlingen-
San Benito......... 124.8 127.8 124.6 126.9 15.1 15.6 15.0 14.0 12.1 12.2 12.0 11.1
Bryan-College Station. 70.7 72.1 71.5 72.8 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.0 2.1 1.5 2.0 1.4
Corpus Christi........ 177.7 175.1 177.1 175.8 14.7 10.5 13.7 10.2 8.3 6.0 7.7 5.8
Dallas................ 1,771.6 1,844.8 1,777.9 1,846.9 67.0 57.2 63.1 53.0 3.8 3.1 3.5 2.9
El Paso............... 286.4 287.1 286.2 287.5 32.6 27.4 30.9 25.5 11.4 9.5 10.8 8.9
Fort Worth-Arlington.. 833.2 853.8 836.6 859.7 30.7 26.9 29.0 25.0 3.7 3.1 3.5 2.9
Galveston-Texas City.. 123.4 123.3 123.8 123.6 10.2 7.8 10.2 7.2 8.3 6.3 8.2 5.8
Houston............... 2,027.3 2,080.7 2,023.2 2,085.4 105.5 81.6 101.6 76.4 5.2 3.9 5.0 3.7
Killeen-Temple........ 112.4 113.8 112.8 114.5 5.9 4.8 5.4 4.4 5.3 4.2 4.8 3.9
Laredo................ 69.6 70.2 69.5 70.3 8.1 6.6 7.2 6.2 11.6 9.4 10.4 8.8
Longview-Marshall..... 102.4 102.6 102.6 102.6 7.7 6.5 7.2 5.9 7.5 6.4 7.0 5.8
Lubbock............... 121.1 123.2 121.1 123.7 4.7 4.1 4.4 3.7 3.9 3.3 3.7 3.0
McAllen-Edinburg-Miss-
ion................ 191.9 199.5 188.8 195.9 36.0 34.8 31.1 28.9 18.8 17.5 16.5 14.8
Odessa-Midland........ 121.4 124.9 122.4 125.4 6.5 5.3 6.3 5.3 5.4 4.2 5.1 4.2
San Angelo............ 51.2 50.8 51.3 50.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.4 3.4 3.0 3.2 2.7
San Antonio........... 735.5 755.0 735.8 757.9 28.9 27.4 26.9 24.4 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.2
Sherman-Denison....... 50.0 49.8 49.8 50.0 2.4 2.0 2.3 1.9 4.8 4.0 4.6 3.8
Texarkana............. 56.3 57.2 56.2 57.1 4.3 4.3 4.0 3.9 7.6 7.4 7.1 6.8
Tyler................. 87.6 89.1 87.6 89.5 5.0 4.3 4.6 4.0 5.7 4.8 5.3 4.4
Victoria.............. 42.5 43.1 42.6 43.3 2.3 1.8 2.2 1.7 5.4 4.1 5.1 4.0
Waco.................. 99.0 100.7 99.1 101.2 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.0
Wichita Falls......... 65.1 65.8 65.5 66.1 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.7 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.1
Utah.................... 1,005.4 1,058.6 1,012.7 1,064.8 30.3 32.5 30.6 32.5 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1
Provo-Orem............ 150.4 156.9 151.2 157.8 3.8 4.0 3.8 4.1 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6
Salt Lake City-Odgen.. 645.4 680.9 649.5 684.5 17.7 19.5 18.3 20.0 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9
Vermont................. 320.6 329.1 320.4 327.1 14.5 12.6 13.9 11.3 4.5 3.8 4.3 3.4
Burlington............ 95.0 99.4 95.8 98.7 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.0 3.1 2.5 2.9 2.1
Virginia................ 3,321.8 3,531.1 3,339.3 3,531.4 131.5 112.1 126.8 89.7 4.0 3.2 3.8 2.5
Charlottesville....... 70.8 74.6 71.6 75.1 1.8 1.1 1.5 0.8 2.5 1.5 2.1 1.1
Danville.............. 54.8 57.7 55.2 58.1 3.2 2.9 3.5 3.0 5.9 5.1 6.3 5.2
Lynchburg............. 99.3 103.4 99.4 103.4 4.0 2.8 3.6 2.3 4.0 2.7 3.6 2.2
Norfolk-Virginia
Beach-Newport News. 702.6 740.6 705.9 739.1 32.5 26.7 32.4 21.7 4.6 3.6 4.6 2.9
Richmond-Petersburg... 482.4 522.9 486.7 522.8 15.8 14.5 15.8 11.7 3.3 2.8 3.2 2.2
Roanoke............... 123.9 130.1 124.4 128.9 4.3 3.6 4.4 2.8 3.5 2.8 3.5 2.2
Washington.............. 2,941.0 3,008.6 2,954.4 2,978.4 164.3 141.1 146.7 124.0 5.6 4.7 5.0 4.2
Bellingham............ 77.7 79.3 77.9 77.7 5.3 4.6 4.4 3.9 6.9 5.8 5.7 5.0
Bremerton............. 92.8 90.8 92.6 89.1 5.6 4.5 4.9 4.1 6.0 4.9 5.3 4.6
Olympia............... 98.0 99.4 97.6 98.4 5.5 4.8 4.9 4.3 5.6 4.8 5.0 4.3
Richland-Kennewick-Pa-
sco................ 91.6 90.0 93.5 90.9 7.5 6.7 6.6 6.0 8.2 7.5 7.0 6.6
Seattle-Bellevue-Ever-
ett................ 1,322.7 1,375.3 1,326.2 1,361.7 50.8 40.2 45.8 37.2 3.8 2.9 3.5 2.7
Spokane............... 205.0 208.9 205.7 205.6 11.7 9.9 9.6 8.0 5.7 4.7 4.7 3.9
Tacoma................ 327.5 333.1 328.5 328.0 16.5 14.5 15.0 13.1 5.0 4.4 4.6 4.0
Yakima................ 109.6 109.9 111.8 109.2 13.4 12.7 12.8 10.7 12.2 11.6 11.5 9.8
West Virginia........... 797.3 797.8 800.1 799.3 62.4 60.3 57.6 53.8 7.8 7.6 7.2 6.7
Charleston............ 129.8 129.8 129.6 130.2 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.1 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.7
Huntington-Ashland.... 135.9 138.5 137.0 137.7 9.8 9.4 9.2 8.2 7.2 6.8 6.7 6.0
Parkersburg-Marietta.. 75.9 77.7 76.3 77.4 4.9 5.2 4.3 4.4 6.5 6.7 5.6 5.7
Wheeling.............. 73.4 73.6 74.2 73.4 6.5 5.0 6.2 3.8 8.9 6.8 8.3 5.2
Wisconsin............... 2,883.1 2,928.6 2,896.7 2,924.9 128.1 110.9 117.7 78.5 4.4 3.8 4.1 2.7
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neen-
ah................. 218.6 224.3 219.4 224.8 8.6 6.9 7.4 5.3 3.9 3.1 3.4 2.4
Eau Claire............ 81.3 83.0 82.5 83.0 3.9 3.4 3.6 2.2 4.8 4.1 4.4 2.6
Green Bay............. 130.4 130.8 131.0 130.6 4.8 4.1 4.5 2.9 3.7 3.1 3.4 2.3
Janesville-Beloit..... 79.1 79.9 79.4 79.2 3.4 2.9 3.2 2.2 4.4 3.6 4.1 2.7
Kenosha............... 77.3 78.7 77.6 78.6 2.9 2.5 2.7 1.9 3.7 3.1 3.4 2.5
La Crosse............. 70.1 71.2 71.0 71.7 2.7 2.4 2.3 1.5 3.9 3.4 3.3 2.1
Madison............... 256.1 260.7 257.1 261.3 5.3 4.7 4.7 3.1 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.2
Milwaukee-Waukesha.... 796.5 812.5 795.4 810.9 29.9 24.7 28.9 20.9 3.8 3.0 3.6 2.6
Racine................ 91.7 95.0 92.0 95.0 4.5 3.9 4.0 3.1 4.9 4.1 4.3 3.3
Sheboygan............. 59.2 60.2 59.4 59.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.0 2.8 2.6 2.6 1.7
Wausau................ 71.3 72.8 71.5 72.3 3.6 3.3 3.0 2.1 5.0 4.5 4.2 2.8
Wyoming................. 248.1 254.0 248.0 253.7 15.8 13.4 14.7 11.5 6.4 5.3 5.9 4.5
Casper................ 32.8 33.8 32.5 33.4 2.3 1.8 2.1 1.6 7.1 5.3 6.6 4.7
Cheyenne.............. 38.4 39.5 38.8 39.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.2 4.4 3.8 4.1 3.1
Puerto Rico............. 1,296.8 1,326.4 1,294.3 1,307.7 167.7 177.6 175.9 174.4 12.9 13.4 13.6 13.3
Aguadilla............. 50.9 52.3 51.7 51.8 9.3 9.9 9.9 9.5 18.3 18.9 19.2 18.4
Arecibo............... 52.6 54.1 52.8 52.7 8.5 8.8 9.2 8.4 16.2 16.3 17.4 15.9
Caguas................ 114.7 117.7 113.9 114.8 13.0 14.6 13.7 13.6 11.4 12.4 12.0 11.8
Mayaguez.............. 91.8 93.8 92.0 92.6 13.9 15.2 14.7 14.8 15.2 16.2 15.9 16.0
Ponce................. 110.3 113.9 109.7 112.0 19.9 19.7 20.1 19.8 18.1 17.3 18.3 17.7
San Juan-Bayamon...... 702.4 719.8 700.3 711.8 71.8 76.7 74.5 75.5 10.2 10.7 10.6 10.6
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current
Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes
available. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of Employment and Earnings.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected metroplitan areas, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
March April Change: April 1997 to
April 1998
State and area
1997 1998 1997 1998p Number Percent
Alabama.......................................... 1,853.8 1,877.7 1,862.1 1,881.6 19.5 1.0
Birmingham..................................... 459.0 468.4 461.5 470.3 8.8 1.9
Huntsville..................................... 171.6 175.3 171.3 175.5 4.2 2.5
Mobile......................................... 217.8 223.3 219.7 223.7 4.0 1.8
Montgomery..................................... 156.5 156.4 156.4 157.5 1.1 .7
Tuscaloosa..................................... 78.3 81.3 78.4 81.6 3.2 4.1
Alaska........................................... 256.0 263.0 261.5 266.8 5.3 2.0
Anchorage...................................... 118.9 123.1 121.1 124.6 3.5 2.9
Arizona.......................................... 1,972.1 2,063.2 1,971.7 2,062.9 91.2 4.6
Phoenix-Mesa................................... 1,374.2 1,453.4 1,374.5 1,456.8 82.3 6.0
Tucson......................................... 314.7 324.1 315.7 321.9 6.2 2.0
Arkansas......................................... 1,090.4 1,115.2 1,101.5 1,123.3 21.8 2.0
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers................. 136.8 138.7 137.8 139.5 1.7 1.2
Fort Smith..................................... 94.8 95.6 95.2 96.5 1.3 1.4
Little Rock-North Little Rock.................. 299.8 306.6 301.2 307.7 6.5 2.2
Pine Bluff..................................... 35.7 35.7 35.6 35.7 .1 .3
California....................................... 12,989.5 13,454.6 13,056.1 13,492.1 436.0 3.3
Bakersfield.................................... 178.7 181.4 179.0 182.0 3.0 1.7
Fresno......................................... 269.3 275.2 273.0 276.3 3.3 1.2
Los Angeles-Long Beach......................... 3,854.4 3,954.7 3,854.2 3,960.4 106.2 2.8
Modesto........................................ 128.1 133.4 129.9 133.9 4.0 3.1
Oakland........................................ 937.3 966.8 944.8 968.7 23.9 2.5
Orange County.................................. 1,211.1 1,266.0 1,219.2 1,269.9 50.7 4.2
Riverside-San Bernardino....................... 836.3 875.4 840.8 877.6 36.8 4.4
Sacramento..................................... 616.1 634.6 619.7 636.4 16.7 2.7
Salinas........................................ 115.5 118.1 116.2 118.0 1.8 1.5
San Diego...................................... 1,036.5 1,071.6 1,042.4 1,074.5 32.1 3.1
San Francisco.................................. 970.2 994.4 980.4 994.8 14.4 1.5
San Jose....................................... 911.4 952.9 916.7 955.4 38.7 4.2
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc............... 149.9 151.6 150.8 152.7 1.9 1.3
Santa Rosa..................................... 162.0 169.0 163.9 169.7 5.8 3.5
Stockton-Lodi.................................. 163.4 166.9 164.0 167.1 3.1 1.9
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa......................... 146.9 154.2 147.4 154.9 7.5 5.1
Ventura........................................ 240.5 248.5 243.8 248.5 4.7 1.9
Colorado......................................... 1,947.3 2,021.2 1,956.7 2,022.3 65.6 3.4
Boulder-Longmont............................... 154.7 161.9 155.6 161.5 5.9 3.8
Colorado Springs............................... 212.7 215.7 214.1 217.6 3.5 1.6
Denver......................................... 1,034.8 1,071.9 1,042.0 1,076.0 34.0 3.3
Connecticut...................................... 1,591.2 1,624.1 1,603.7 1,636.6 32.9 2.1
Bridgeport..................................... 180.8 182.8 182.4 184.0 1.6 .9
Danbury........................................ 83.8 86.2 84.6 86.8 2.2 2.6
Hartford....................................... 595.1 598.1 596.9 601.0 4.1 .7
New Haven-Meriden.............................. 245.4 247.3 250.7 250.3 -.4 -.2
New London-Norwich............................. 132.6 136.3 134.2 137.4 3.2 2.4
Stamford-Norwalk............................... 197.2 204.3 200.4 206.4 6.0 3.0
Waterbury...................................... 84.1 87.1 84.7 87.1 2.4 2.8
Delaware......................................... 378.8 392.8 382.8 396.7 13.9 3.6
Dover.......................................... 51.1 53.2 51.1 53.9 2.8 5.5
Wilmington-Newark.............................. 295.7 308.8 298.3 311.1 12.8 4.3
District of Columbia............................. 616.5 608.6 613.7 609.0 -4.7 -.8
Washington PMSA................................ 2,455.4 2,502.2 2,459.8 2,513.9 54.1 2.2
Florida.......................................... 6,405.8 6,667.1 6,407.0 6,672.5 265.5 4.1
Daytona Beach.................................. 150.2 155.8 150.1 155.0 4.9 3.3
Fort Lauderdale................................ 625.5 648.1 623.4 645.7 22.3 3.6
Fort Myers-Cape Coral.......................... 153.5 156.2 151.6 155.0 3.4 2.2
Gainesville.................................... 111.1 115.0 111.6 115.2 3.6 3.2
Jacksonville................................... 509.9 535.5 513.9 538.7 24.8 4.8
Lakeland-Winter Haven.......................... 169.1 174.6 168.5 174.4 5.9 3.5
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay.................. 176.2 181.0 176.5 180.9 4.4 2.5
Miami.......................................... 963.5 982.1 958.0 979.0 21.0 2.2
Orlando........................................ 784.8 827.2 787.7 829.4 41.7 5.3
Pensacola...................................... 149.0 153.8 149.3 154.1 4.8 3.2
Sarasota-Bradenton............................. 246.3 267.0 247.0 266.4 19.4 7.9
Tallahassee.................................... 147.5 149.9 147.8 150.3 2.5 1.7
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater................ 1,060.1 1,109.7 1,059.3 1,110.8 51.5 4.9
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton..................... 438.3 459.5 436.4 457.3 20.9 4.8
Georgia.......................................... 3,573.1 3,697.4 3,578.1 3,712.0 133.9 3.7
Albany......................................... 59.0 59.2 59.1 59.6 .5 .8
Athens......................................... 71.5 74.4 72.1 74.3 2.2 3.1
Atlanta........................................ 1,934.6 2,008.1 1,937.8 2,015.6 77.8 4.0
Augusta-Aiken.................................. 192.0 194.6 192.8 195.8 3.0 1.6
Columbus....................................... 114.7 116.9 114.8 117.1 2.3 2.0
Macon.......................................... 147.1 151.2 147.4 151.5 4.1 2.8
Savannah....................................... 131.0 133.8 131.6 133.9 2.3 1.7
Hawaii........................................... 536.4 532.4 532.0 530.3 -1.7 -.3
Honolulu....................................... 406.7 403.0 403.7 401.2 -2.5 -.6
Idaho............................................ 496.1 509.0 501.8 511.9 10.1 2.0
Boise City..................................... 189.2 194.5 191.0 195.1 4.1 2.1
Illinois......................................... 5,684.0 5,786.2 5,723.4 5,833.6 110.2 1.9
Bloomington-Normal............................. 78.2 81.2 78.8 81.8 3.0 3.8
Champaign-Urbana............................... 98.1 98.7 98.0 98.4 .4 .4
Chicago........................................ 3,970.3 4,033.0 3,991.3 4,064.3 73.0 1.8
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island................... 174.6 179.1 176.9 181.1 4.2 2.4
Decatur........................................ 55.8 56.4 56.7 57.1 .4 .7
Kankakee....................................... 42.4 42.9 42.8 43.6 .8 1.9
Peoria-Pekin................................... 167.1 171.3 169.3 172.6 3.3 1.9
Rockford....................................... 174.9 177.7 176.0 178.4 2.4 1.4
Springfield.................................... 110.5 112.5 111.7 113.5 1.8 1.6
Indiana.......................................... 2,828.0 2,862.3 2,857.7 2,887.2 29.5 1.0
Bloomington.................................... 64.4 65.3 65.6 65.7 .1 .2
Elkhart-Goshen................................. 116.2 115.5 116.9 115.9 -1.0 -.9
Evansville-Henderson........................... 151.1 152.2 152.0 152.7 .7 .5
Fort Wayne..................................... 263.5 269.1 267.2 271.2 4.0 1.5
Gary........................................... 261.3 261.6 264.4 267.1 2.7 1.0
Indianapolis................................... 818.5 841.5 824.5 847.1 22.6 2.7
Kokomo......................................... 51.5 52.4 51.7 53.3 1.6 3.1
Lafayette...................................... 91.7 93.9 92.9 94.6 1.7 1.8
Muncie......................................... 60.3 59.7 60.9 60.0 -.9 -1.5
South Bend..................................... 132.3 133.8 133.3 134.6 1.3 1.0
Terre Haute.................................... 68.0 67.3 68.5 67.6 -.9 -1.3
Iowa............................................. 1,379.6 1,417.2 1,400.9 1,437.1 36.2 2.6
Cedar Rapids................................... 109.6 114.5 111.2 115.1 3.9 3.5
Des Moines..................................... 266.2 268.5 268.2 271.5 3.3 1.2
Dubuque........................................ 49.8 51.7 50.5 52.3 1.8 3.6
Iowa City...................................... 65.3 67.2 66.3 68.0 1.7 2.6
Sioux City..................................... 63.6 64.9 64.5 65.5 1.0 1.6
Waterloo-Cedar Falls........................... 70.2 72.5 71.1 73.0 1.9 2.7
Kansas........................................... 1,250.1 1,293.0 1,266.0 1,306.3 40.3 3.2
Lawrence....................................... 46.4 48.5 47.7 48.6 .9 1.9
Topeka......................................... 99.2 98.7 99.2 99.6 .4 .4
Wichita........................................ 269.2 281.5 273.6 283.8 10.2 3.7
Kentucky......................................... 1,688.3 1,724.9 1,708.3 1,742.9 34.6 2.0
Lexington...................................... 264.0 273.9 268.8 277.9 9.1 3.4
Louisville..................................... 541.3 560.0 547.4 566.4 19.0 3.5
Owensboro...................................... 42.4 44.0 43.0 44.1 1.1 2.6
Louisiana........................................ 1,827.0 1,878.1 1,839.2 1,880.2 41.0 2.2
Alexandria..................................... 53.2 54.4 53.3 54.7 1.4 2.6
Baton Rouge.................................... 280.5 289.2 280.2 289.4 9.2 3.3
Houma.......................................... 71.1 76.7 72.9 77.4 4.5 6.2
Lafayette...................................... 157.2 163.7 159.7 164.3 4.6 2.9
Lake Charles................................... 85.5 86.8 85.8 87.0 1.2 1.4
Monroe......................................... 67.8 68.8 68.2 68.9 .7 1.0
New Orleans.................................... 608.9 616.9 612.4 618.0 5.6 .9
Shreveport-Bossier City........................ 167.9 173.9 168.8 174.1 5.3 3.1
Maine............................................ 532.1 544.0 537.3 549.6 12.3 2.3
Lewiston-Auburn................................ 40.0 40.8 40.5 41.0 .5 1.2
Portland....................................... 136.7 138.9 138.1 139.7 1.6 1.2
Maryland......................................... 2,231.2 2,257.0 2,248.9 2,271.1 22.2 1.0
Baltimore PMSA................................. 1,149.5 1,171.8 1,156.7 1,181.2 24.5 2.1
Baltimore City................................. 400.8 405.2 402.0 407.8 5.8 1.4
Suburban Maryland-D.C.......................... 820.6 837.4 825.0 839.9 14.9 1.8
Massachusetts.................................... 3,059.1 3,154.4 3,085.1 3,185.7 100.6 3.3
Barnstable-Yarmouth............................ 50.5 52.9 53.3 55.6 2.3 4.3
Boston......................................... 1,881.3 1,932.4 1,892.1 1,946.6 54.5 2.9
Brockton....................................... 93.5 96.1 94.4 97.1 2.7 2.9
Fitchburg-Leominster........................... 51.0 53.2 52.3 54.0 1.7 3.3
Lawrence....................................... 146.7 150.4 148.6 151.6 3.0 2.0
Lowell......................................... 112.7 119.4 114.0 120.1 6.1 5.4
New Bedford.................................... 62.4 64.2 62.9 64.8 1.9 3.0
Pittsfield..................................... 40.2 41.6 40.6 41.9 1.3 3.2
Springfield.................................... 248.2 255.1 250.9 258.4 7.5 3.0
Worcester...................................... 219.7 224.3 221.1 226.2 5.1 2.3
Michigan......................................... 4,393.6 4,469.0 4,416.9 4,502.3 85.4 1.9
Ann Arbor...................................... 265.2 271.3 264.9 272.3 7.4 2.8
Benton Harbor.................................. 70.4 70.8 70.9 71.5 .6 .8
Detroit........................................ 2,063.8 2,110.8 2,065.0 2,119.1 54.1 2.6
Flint.......................................... 179.5 181.6 178.7 181.5 2.8 1.6
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland.................. 542.5 559.2 545.8 563.6 17.8 3.3
Jackson........................................ 59.9 60.8 60.4 61.4 1.0 1.7
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek......................... 207.5 210.2 209.0 211.2 2.2 1.1
Lansing-East Lansing........................... 232.6 232.9 233.0 235.9 2.9 1.2
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland....................... 175.6 178.1 177.4 180.0 2.6 1.5
Minnesota........................................ 2,431.5 2,497.1 2,451.6 2,518.6 67.0 2.7
Duluth-Superior................................ 107.2 109.5 107.7 110.7 3.0 2.8
Minneapolis-St. Paul........................... 1,582.5 1,625.0 1,593.5 1,634.9 41.4 2.6
Rochester...................................... 71.5 74.0 72.0 74.3 2.3 3.2
St. Cloud...................................... 83.4 85.4 84.7 86.5 1.8 2.1
Mississippi...................................... 1,095.3 1,113.8 1,103.0 1,122.4 19.4 1.8
Jackson........................................ 218.4 224.7 219.8 226.3 6.5 3.0
Missouri......................................... 2,610.4 2,641.2 2,637.3 2,676.8 39.5 1.5
Kansas City.................................... 904.1 938.4 909.2 945.4 36.2 4.0
St. Louis...................................... 1,281.7 1,295.1 1,294.0 1,307.1 13.1 1.0
Springfield.................................... 156.0 161.6 159.5 163.5 4.0 2.5
Montana.......................................... 354.5 362.6 359.2 365.8 6.6 1.8
Nebraska......................................... 843.1 868.0 847.5 874.9 27.4 3.2
Lincoln........................................ 144.1 145.2 145.3 145.2 -.1 -.1
Omaha.......................................... 391.3 405.6 393.1 411.9 18.8 4.8
Nevada........................................... 876.4 913.2 878.2 917.7 39.5 4.5
Las Vegas...................................... 623.0 652.8 623.1 654.5 31.4 5.0
Reno........................................... 174.4 179.2 175.6 180.7 5.1 2.9
New Hampshire.................................... 554.1 563.3 559.2 568.6 9.4 1.7
Manchester..................................... 95.0 96.1 95.4 96.5 1.1 1.2
Nashua......................................... 88.8 92.3 90.0 94.0 4.0 4.4
Portsmouth-Rochester........................... 111.2 112.1 112.4 114.9 2.5 2.2
New Jersey....................................... 3,659.0 3,742.9 3,686.5 3,764.6 78.1 2.1
Atlantic-Cape May.............................. 169.2 172.5 173.7 177.1 3.4 2.0
Bergen-Passaic................................. 628.7 641.6 633.5 646.6 13.1 2.1
Camden......................................... 463.9 474.4 465.7 477.5 11.8 2.5
Jersey City.................................... 237.9 239.6 238.7 240.4 1.7 .7
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon................... 597.0 621.6 602.2 622.4 20.2 3.4
Monmouth-Ocean................................. 350.0 356.8 356.4 360.6 4.2 1.2
Newark......................................... 936.7 956.8 939.5 958.5 19.0 2.0
Trenton........................................ 196.7 198.5 197.8 199.0 1.2 .6
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton................... 57.0 58.3 57.4 59.4 2.0 3.5
New Mexico....................................... 698.8 711.2 702.6 714.1 11.5 1.6
Albuquerque.................................... 327.8 334.3 331.5 337.0 5.5 1.7
Las Cruces..................................... 50.4 52.1 50.9 52.8 1.9 3.7
Santa Fe....................................... 70.6 71.2 70.1 72.3 2.2 3.1
New York......................................... 7,937.1 8,048.5 7,973.4 8,096.2 122.8 1.5
Albany-Schenectady-Troy........................ 427.2 429.4 430.2 433.8 3.6 .8
Binghamton..................................... 110.8 113.7 111.8 114.1 2.3 2.1
Buffalo-Niagara Falls.......................... 536.6 537.8 540.0 539.8 -.2 .0
Dutchess County................................ 105.9 107.3 106.8 108.2 1.4 1.3
Elmira......................................... 42.4 42.4 42.5 42.4 -.1 -.2
Glens Falls.................................... 46.7 47.5 47.4 48.4 1.0 2.1
Nassau-Suffolk................................. 1,101.6 1,122.1 1,112.2 1,131.2 19.0 1.7
New York PMSA.................................. 3,891.4 3,962.1 3,897.3 3,983.8 86.5 2.2
New York City.................................. 3,390.3 3,454.6 3,395.0 3,472.1 77.1 2.3
Newburgh....................................... 117.8 118.5 117.9 118.6 .7 .6
Rochester...................................... 521.8 521.6 526.1 524.6 -1.5 -.3
Rockland County................................ 99.5 101.9 99.4 102.9 3.5 3.5
Syracuse....................................... 331.6 332.3 336.2 334.8 -1.4 -.4
Utica-Rome..................................... 124.4 126.1 125.2 126.8 1.6 1.3
Westchester County............................. 381.7 385.4 383.0 388.2 5.2 1.4
North Carolina................................... 3,615.4 3,725.5 3,639.2 3,737.8 98.6 2.7
Asheville...................................... 105.9 108.6 107.6 109.7 2.1 2.0
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill................... 748.4 767.9 751.3 768.3 17.0 2.3
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point.......... 628.4 637.8 630.5 637.4 6.9 1.1
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill..................... 603.5 634.4 612.8 636.1 23.3 3.8
North Dakota..................................... 306.8 314.4 310.3 316.6 6.3 2.0
Bismarck....................................... 47.2 48.6 47.9 49.1 1.2 2.5
Fargo-Moorhead................................. 93.6 97.8 95.1 98.2 3.1 3.3
Grand Forks.................................... 47.1 48.2 47.4 48.6 1.2 2.5
Ohio............................................. 5,306.1 5,390.5 5,355.1 5,432.5 77.4 1.4
Akron.......................................... 318.1 323.1 320.7 325.7 5.0 1.6
Canton-Massillon............................... 178.1 182.5 179.2 184.3 5.1 2.8
Cincinnati..................................... 831.1 853.8 838.4 862.8 24.4 2.9
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria........................ 1,117.7 1,144.3 1,129.3 1,154.7 25.4 2.2
Columbus....................................... 800.9 822.7 807.3 829.5 22.2 2.7
Dayton-Springfield............................. 471.3 476.7 473.3 477.1 3.8 .8
Hamilton-Middletown............................ 117.2 117.9 118.0 119.2 1.2 1.0
Lima........................................... 75.9 77.9 76.9 78.6 1.7 2.2
Mansfield...................................... 78.3 78.9 79.0 79.0 .0 .0
Steubenville-Weirton........................... 47.5 50.1 48.3 51.0 2.7 5.6
Toledo......................................... 314.3 316.0 315.5 317.3 1.8 .6
Youngstown-Warren.............................. 243.3 247.5 245.0 249.6 4.6 1.9
Oklahoma......................................... 1,376.4 1,413.1 1,379.7 1,418.8 39.1 2.8
Enid........................................... 24.2 25.3 24.6 25.4 .8 3.3
Lawton......................................... 37.4 37.0 37.4 37.2 -.2 -.5
Oklahoma City.................................. 497.0 505.9 496.0 509.0 13.0 2.6
Tulsa.......................................... 367.3 381.7 368.5 383.6 15.1 4.1
Oregon........................................... 1,495.3 1,545.9 1,508.8 1,553.3 44.5 2.9
Eugene-Springfield............................. 135.3 138.7 136.1 139.4 3.3 2.4
Medford-Ashland................................ 66.0 68.3 66.5 68.9 2.4 3.6
Portland-Vancouver............................. 900.6 937.0 908.5 940.1 31.6 3.5
Salem.......................................... 128.9 131.0 129.4 132.1 2.7 2.1
Pennsylvania..................................... 5,331.4 5,402.4 5,383.4 5,454.8 71.4 1.3
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton..................... 262.9 265.2 264.0 266.0 2.0 .8
Altoona........................................ 56.7 58.1 57.8 58.6 .8 1.4
Erie........................................... 127.3 128.7 127.7 129.3 1.6 1.3
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle.................... 346.2 351.4 349.6 355.5 5.9 1.7
Johnstown...................................... 86.5 87.5 86.5 88.9 2.4 2.8
Lancaster...................................... 209.7 215.4 212.8 217.9 5.1 2.4
Philadelphia PMSA.............................. 2,238.4 2,254.4 2,253.1 2,275.7 22.6 1.0
Philadelphia City.............................. 664.5 668.1 673.3 678.6 5.3 .8
Pittsburgh..................................... 1,061.2 1,064.6 1,068.5 1,071.6 3.1 .3
Reading........................................ 163.2 165.4 164.4 166.8 2.4 1.5
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton............... 272.3 274.1 273.9 276.4 2.5 .9
Sharon......................................... 45.6 47.7 47.0 48.2 1.2 2.6
State College.................................. 66.2 68.9 68.1 70.5 2.4 3.5
Williamsport................................... 52.6 53.3 52.9 54.3 1.4 2.6
York........................................... 161.1 164.2 162.7 165.6 2.9 1.8
Rhode Island..................................... 439.5 447.8 446.1 451.5 5.4 1.2
Providence-Fall River-Warwick.................. 496.0 504.0 501.7 507.8 6.1 1.2
South Carolina................................... 1,705.0 1,768.1 1,715.2 1,786.5 71.3 4.2
Charleston-North Charleston.................... 218.0 229.2 219.3 231.0 11.7 5.3
Columbia....................................... 280.4 288.7 280.9 290.2 9.3 3.3
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson................ 455.4 468.2 457.6 472.0 14.4 3.1
South Dakota..................................... 345.1 351.5 349.6 355.0 5.4 1.5
Rapid City..................................... 44.5 44.8 44.7 45.7 1.0 2.2
Sioux Falls.................................... 99.4 104.1 100.8 105.7 4.9 4.9
Tennessee........................................ 2,554.2 2,611.3 2,577.0 2,623.4 46.4 1.8
Chattanooga.................................... 220.8 222.7 222.9 223.3 .4 .2
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol................. 200.1 201.8 201.8 202.0 .2 .1
Knoxville...................................... 311.2 315.2 318.6 318.8 .2 .1
Memphis........................................ 556.6 558.9 557.3 560.6 3.3 .6
Nashville...................................... 619.4 636.3 625.4 639.4 14.0 2.2
Texas............................................ 8,475.5 8,796.1 8,528.2 8,843.4 315.2 3.7
Abilene........................................ 54.9 56.3 55.0 56.3 1.3 2.4
Amarillo....................................... 92.1 95.1 92.8 95.2 2.4 2.6
Austin-San Marcos.............................. 558.0 585.5 561.9 588.0 26.1 4.6
Beaumont-Port Arthur........................... 154.7 159.8 155.1 160.1 5.0 3.2
Brazoria....................................... 73.6 74.9 72.9 74.6 1.7 2.3
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito............... 97.2 100.4 97.1 100.2 3.1 3.2
Bryan-College Station.......................... 67.9 70.2 69.0 70.8 1.8 2.6
Corpus Christi................................. 154.0 156.7 154.3 157.1 2.8 1.8
Dallas......................................... 1,720.6 1,815.2 1,735.3 1,819.9 84.6 4.9
El Paso........................................ 239.5 246.7 241.4 248.7 7.3 3.0
Ft. Worth-Arlington............................ 694.2 721.0 699.7 726.2 26.5 3.8
Galveston-Texas City........................... 86.6 89.1 86.9 89.5 2.6 3.0
Houston........................................ 1,861.9 1,950.7 1,866.3 1,957.1 90.8 4.9
Killeen-Temple................................. 95.9 99.1 97.1 99.8 2.7 2.8
Laredo......................................... 59.1 61.4 59.6 61.7 2.1 3.5
Longview-Marshall.............................. 86.9 89.1 87.9 89.4 1.5 1.7
Lubbock........................................ 112.2 116.1 112.7 116.4 3.7 3.3
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission....................... 133.6 143.0 134.6 143.4 8.8 6.5
Odessa Midland................................. 101.0 106.0 102.3 106.3 4.0 3.9
San Angelo..................................... 43.1 43.6 43.5 43.3 -.2 -.5
San Antonio.................................... 655.5 679.4 659.3 684.2 24.9 3.8
Sherman-Denison................................ 43.5 44.1 43.5 44.2 .7 1.6
Texarkana...................................... 50.5 51.5 50.7 51.5 .8 1.6
Tyler.......................................... 76.0 78.6 76.4 78.8 2.4 3.1
Victoria....................................... 34.8 36.1 34.9 36.3 1.4 4.0
Waco........................................... 94.2 96.9 95.0 97.5 2.5 2.6
Wichita Falls.................................. 59.0 60.1 59.8 60.7 .9 1.5
Utah............................................. 980.8 1,016.6 985.3 1,021.6 36.3 3.7
Provo-Orem..................................... 134.6 138.6 135.2 139.1 3.9 2.9
Salt Lake City-Ogden........................... 659.9 684.4 661.5 686.6 25.1 3.8
Vermont.......................................... 276.5 280.9 275.0 278.9 3.9 1.4
Barre-Montpelier............................... 30.2 31.3 29.9 30.6 .7 2.3
Burlington..................................... 96.3 98.9 97.3 99.9 2.6 2.7
Virginia......................................... 3,192.1 3,283.7 3,204.8 3,308.2 103.4 3.2
Bristol........................................ 37.3 36.9 37.3 36.5 -.8 -2.1
Charlottesville................................ 80.0 81.6 81.2 82.2 1.0 1.2
Danville....................................... 45.4 45.7 45.2 46.1 .9 2.0
Lynchburg...................................... 96.6 97.4 96.6 97.5 .9 .9
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News............ 657.2 665.8 659.2 670.7 11.5 1.7
Northern Virginia.............................. 983.9 1,019.6 987.0 1,026.7 39.7 4.0
Richmond-Petersburg............................ 518.2 536.4 521.9 540.6 18.7 3.6
Roanoke........................................ 139.9 140.7 140.1 140.6 .5 .4
Washington....................................... 2,459.4 2,541.2 2,486.1 2,567.2 81.1 3.3
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett....................... 1,264.0 1,328.7 1,274.9 1,342.2 67.3 5.3
Spokane........................................ 181.2 187.7 184.0 189.4 5.4 2.9
Tacoma......................................... 226.7 232.6 228.9 234.3 5.4 2.4
West Virginia.................................... 695.9 705.4 702.9 711.7 8.8 1.3
Charleston..................................... 128.7 130.5 129.4 131.0 1.6 1.2
Huntington-Ashland............................. 119.0 121.9 120.6 122.2 1.6 1.3
Parkersburg-Marietta........................... 67.8 69.5 68.8 69.8 1.0 1.5
Wheeling....................................... 63.4 65.3 64.5 66.1 1.6 2.5
Wisconsin........................................ 2,584.4 2,656.0 2,616.3 2,687.3 71.0 2.7
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah........................ 187.6 194.9 190.3 197.1 6.8 3.6
Eau Claire..................................... 70.4 72.7 72.0 73.9 1.9 2.6
Green Bay...................................... 131.3 133.1 133.0 134.3 1.3 1.0
Janesville-Beloit.............................. 67.7 69.3 68.2 69.4 1.2 1.8
Kenosha........................................ 49.4 51.0 50.1 51.5 1.4 2.8
La Crosse...................................... 66.9 68.4 68.3 69.7 1.4 2.0
Madison........................................ 262.8 269.4 265.9 272.2 6.3 2.4
Milwaukee-Waukesha............................. 811.2 834.8 816.8 840.1 23.3 2.9
Racine......................................... 78.1 81.7 79.2 82.6 3.4 4.3
Sheboygan...................................... 56.5 57.9 57.1 58.1 1.0 1.8
Wausau......................................... 62.5 64.5 63.2 65.1 1.9 3.0
Wyoming.......................................... 215.0 215.8 217.2 217.9 .7 .3
Casper......................................... 29.6 29.9 29.6 29.9 .3 1.0
Puerto Rico...................................... 979.9 959.3 978.9 955.0 -23.9 -2.4
Caguas......................................... 66.7 65.4 66.3 64.7 -1.6 -2.4
Mayaguez....................................... 69.2 67.5 69.5 67.2 -2.3 -3.3
Ponce.......................................... 75.7 76.2 75.9 75.2 -.7 -.9
San Juan-Bayamon............................... 613.9 602.1 614.0 600.3 -13.7 -2.2
Virgin Islands................................... 41.7 41.9 41.5 41.7 .2 .5
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to March 1997 bechmark levels. Estimates
subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available.