Full text of June 1998 : Text File, USDL 98-318
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Internet address: http://stat.bls.gov/newsrels.htm
Technical information: USDL 98-360
Employment (202) 606-6559
Unemployment 606-6392 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: 606-5902 Wednesday, September 2, 1998
METROPOLITAN AREA EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT: JULY 1998
In July, 213 of the 328 metropolitan areas had unemployment rates below
the U.S. average (4.7 percent, not seasonally adjusted), while 111 areas
had higher rates, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of
Labor reported. Of the 17 metropolitan areas with jobless rates below
2 percent, 13 were in the Midwest. Of the 15 areas with rates above
10 percent, 7 were in California and 4 were along the Mexican border in
other states.
Metropolitan Area Unemployment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)
Unemployment rates were below 3.5 percent in 119 metropolitan areas in
July, while rates of 6.5 percent or higher were reported in 49 areas. The
lowest jobless rates were recorded in Fargo-Moorhead, N.D.-Minn.
(1.1 percent), Sioux Falls, S.D. (1.3 percent), and Charlottesville, Va., and
Rochester, Minn. (1.4 percent each). The highest rates were in Yuma, Ariz.
(33.0 percent), where summer jobless rates are roughly double the winter
rates each year, McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Tex. (16.8 percent), and Visalia-
Tulare-Porterville, Calif. (16.1 percent). (See table 1 and the chart.)
More than two-thirds of all metropolitan areas experienced over-the-year
reductions in their jobless rates that matched or exceeded the
0.3 percentage point decrease in the national rate. Compared with July 1997,
the unemployment rate in Steubenville-Weirton, Ohio-W.Va., recorded the
largest decline (-5.3 percentage points). Yuma, Ariz., and Hickory-
Morganton-Lenoir, N.C., had the next largest declines (-3.3 and
-3.0 points, respectively). Eight other areas had rate decreases of at least
2.0 percentage points, and 67 additional areas registered declines of 1.0
point or more. The largest increases were in Janesville-Beloit, Wis.
(7.1 percentage points), Flint, Mich. (5.1 points), and Youngstown-Warren,
Ohio (4.5 points). Four other areas had increases of at least 2.0 percentage
points, and nine additional areas recorded increases of a full percentage
point or more. Some of these large over-the-year rate increases may have
been attributable to layoffs in automobile-related manufacturing stemming
from two strikes. Overall, 263 metropolitan areas reported lower rates
than a year earlier, 55 had higher rates, and 10 had no change.
Among the 51 largest metropolitan areas--those with a 1990 census
population of 1 million or more--39 had rates below the U.S. average in
July, while 11 had rates above it. Within this group of metropolitan
areas, the lowest rates were reported in three Midwestern areas:
Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn.-Wis. (1.7 percent), and Columbus, Ohio, and
Indianapolis, Ind. (2.4 percent each). The highest jobless rates were in
two New York areas--New York (7.3 percent) and Buffalo-Niagara Falls
(7.1 percent)--and two California areas--Los Angeles-Long Beach (6.9 percent)
and Riverside-San Bernardino (6.7 percent). Over the year, Hartford,
Conn., experienced the largest unemployment rate decrease in this group of
largest areas, -1.8 percentage points. Rates declined by at least a full
percentage point in six other large areas. With an over-the-year rise of
1.5 percentage points, Buffalo-Niagara Falls, N.Y., was the only area to
experience an unemployment rate increase of more than 0.7 point.
- 2 -
Metropolitan Area Nonfarm Employment (Not seasonally adjusted)
Among the 272 metropolitan areas for which July data are available, 243
had over-the-year increases in employment, 25 had over-the-year declines,
and 4 remained unchanged. Sarasota, Fla., again had the highest over-the-
year growth rate in employment (8.1 percent), followed by Dover, Del.
(7.5 percent), and Steubenville-Weirton, Ohio (6.0 percent).
Strikes and plant shutdowns in several automobile-related industries
affected employment in many metropolitan areas in July. The largest
relative over-the-year decline occurred in Flint, Mich. (-9.8 percent),
followed by Janesville-Beloit, Wis. (-6.9 percent), and Lansing-East
Lansing, Mich. (-3.2 percent).
Nonfarm employment grew over the past 12 months in all of the 36 largest
metropolitan areas with employment levels of 750,000 or more. Of these,
Phoenix, Ariz., had the highest growth rate over the period (5.2 percent).
Seattle, Wash., Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater and Orlando, Fla., Dallas
and Houston, Tex., and Riverside-San Bernardino, Calif., all had employment
growth rates above 4.0 percent over the year.
-------------------------------
The Regional and State Employment and Unemployment release for August is
scheduled to be issued on September 18. The Metropolitan Area Employment
and Unemployment release for August is scheduled to be issued on
September 30.
Technical Note
This release presents labor force and unemployment data from
the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (table 1)
for 328 metropolitan areas. Nonfarm payroll employment estimates
from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (table 2) are
provided for over 270 of these areas. State estimates were
previously published in the news release, Regional and State
Employment and Unemployment, and are republished in this release
for ease of reference. The LAUS and CES programs are both Federal-
State cooperative endeavors.
Labor force and unemployment-from the LAUS program
Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based
on the same concepts and definitions as those used for the
official national estimates obtained from the Current Population
Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households that is conducted for
the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the Bureau of the Census.
The labor force includes both the employed and the unemployed.
Employed persons are those who did any work at all for pay or
profit in the survey reference week (the week including the 12th
of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family
business or farm, plus those not working who have a job from which
they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such
reasons as labor-management dispute, illness, or vacation.
Unemployed persons are those who did not work at all (in the
reference week), have actively looked for a job (sometime in the
4-week period ending with the survey reference week), and are
currently available for work; persons on layoff expecting recall
need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed.
Method of estimation. Effective January 1996, estimates for
all states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach
metropolitan area, and New York City are produced using estimating
equations based on regression techniques. For all other sub-state
areas, estimates are prepared through indirect estimation
procedures. Employment estimates, which are based largely on
''place of work'' estimates from the CES program, are adjusted to
refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Unemployment
estimates are aggregates of persons previously employed in
industries covered by state unemployment (UI) laws and entrants to
the labor force data from the CPS. The sub-state estimates of
employment and unemployment which geographically exhaust the
entire state, are adjusted proportionally to ensure that they add
to the independently estimated state totals. A detailed
description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS
upon request.
Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data shown
for the prior year reflect adjustments made at the end of each
year, usually with January estimates. The adjusted estimates
reflect updated population data from the Bureau of the Census and
any revisions in the other data sources. In addition, data for
all states, the District of Columbia, and the two large sub-state
areas noted are adjusted annually to equal the CPS annual
averages, usually effective with January estimates. All other sub-
state estimates are adjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked)
state estimates.
Employment-from the CES program
Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on
establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay
period which includes the 12th of the month, except for federal
government employment, which represents the number of persons who
occupied positions on the last day of the month. Persons are
counted at their place of work rather than at their place of
residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on
each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their
principal product or activity in accordance with the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification Manual.
Method of estimation. The employment data are estimated
using a "link relative" technique in which a ratio (link relative)
of current-month employment to that of the previous month is
computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both
months. The estimates of employment for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by
these ratios.
Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually
to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived
principally from tax reports which are submitted by employers who
are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The
benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates
between the new benchmark and the preceding one and also to
establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month.
Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of
employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month
changes in the level for the subsequent months.
Reliability of the estimates
The estimates presented in this release are based on sample
survey and administrative data and thus are subject to sampling
and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of
sampling variability_that is, variation that occurs by chance
because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed.
Survey data are also subject to nonsampling errors, such as those
which can be introduced into the data collection and processing
operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys
are subject to additional errors resulting from the special
estimation processes used. The sums of individual items may not
always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of
rounding. With respect to the LAUS program, unemployment rates
are computed, in most instances, from unrounded data rather than
from data that may be displayed in the tables; differences,
however, are generally insignificant.
Labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling
error, in the form of the standard errors for state annual average
estimates derived from the CPS, are available in the annual BLS
bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Error measures cannot be computed for sub-state areas because of
the special estimation processes used. Measures of nonsampling
error for CPS data are not available, but additional information
on the subject is provided in the BLS monthly periodical,
Employment and Earnings.
Employment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not
available for state CES data, but the relatively large size of the
samples maintained by the state agencies and the annual adjustment
of employment estimates to more recent benchmark levels assure a
high degree of accuracy. Information on recent benchmark
revisions for states is available upon request.
Area definitions. The sub-state area data published in this
release reflect the standards and definitions established by the
U.S. Office of Management and Budget, dated June 30, 1996. A
detailed list of the geographic definitions is published annually
in the May issue of Employment and Earnings.
Additional information
More complete information on the technical procedures used to
develop these estimates and additional data appear in Employment
and Earnings, which is available by subscription for $35.00 a year
from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402 (telephone 202-512-1800).
Estimates of unadjusted and seasonally adjusted labor force and
unemployment data for states, census regions and divisions,
and two areas are available in the news release, Regional and
State Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of labor force and
unemployment for all states, metropolitan areas, labor market
areas, counties, cities with a population of 25,000 or more, and
other areas used in the administration of various federal economic
assistance programs are provided in the report, Unemployment in
States and Local Areas, which is available monthly in microfiche
form by subscription from the U.S. Government Printing Office for
$41.00 a year. The order number for a subscription is
029-001-81003-2. These data are also available from the BLS Internet
at (http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm). Employment data from the CES
program are available at http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; TDD
phone: 202-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577.
LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and metropolitan area
(numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number Percent of labor force
State and area
June July
June July June July
1997 1998 1997 1998
1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998
Alabama................. 2,218.4 2,173.2 2,202.9 2,161.2 138.2 104.1 127.7 90.3 6.2 4.8 5.8 4.2
Anniston.............. 56.8 54.2 56.2 54.2 3.9 2.8 3.8 2.5 6.9 5.2 6.8 4.6
Birmingham............ 478.4 475.7 477.1 473.9 20.1 15.3 17.7 13.4 4.2 3.2 3.7 2.8
Decatur............... 73.6 72.8 73.4 73.5 4.7 3.2 4.7 3.9 6.4 4.4 6.4 5.3
Dothan................ 68.5 67.6 68.1 67.3 4.1 2.5 3.6 2.2 6.0 3.8 5.3 3.2
Florence.............. 73.5 71.7 72.9 70.8 6.1 5.5 5.1 4.6 8.3 7.6 7.0 6.6
Gadsden............... 51.6 51.5 51.2 50.6 3.2 2.7 2.8 2.3 6.2 5.1 5.5 4.5
Huntsville............ 172.5 171.7 173.2 170.5 6.2 5.6 8.5 5.4 3.6 3.2 4.9 3.2
Mobile................ 278.2 273.5 275.0 272.9 17.0 12.3 14.5 10.2 6.1 4.5 5.3 3.7
Montgomery............ 164.5 160.2 163.9 159.1 8.8 6.1 7.7 5.0 5.3 3.8 4.7 3.1
Tuscaloosa............ 83.3 84.2 83.3 84.0 3.7 2.8 3.2 2.5 4.4 3.3 3.8 3.0
Alaska.................. 322.3 327.5 328.9 332.0 24.5 19.8 21.9 17.3 7.6 6.0 6.7 5.2
Anchorage............. 137.8 141.9 138.3 142.2 7.9 6.4 7.2 5.8 5.7 4.5 5.2 4.1
Arizona................. 2,163.7 2,277.1 2,170.6 2,286.4 108.1 100.0 114.2 101.3 5.0 4.4 5.3 4.4
Flagstaff............. 58.7 57.7 60.2 61.9 5.7 4.7 5.8 4.8 9.8 8.1 9.7 7.7
Phoenix-Mesa.......... 1,416.1 1,505.0 1,425.2 1,510.3 43.9 40.6 45.7 41.3 3.1 2.7 3.2 2.7
Tucson................ 357.8 368.6 350.0 365.8 12.4 10.4 12.6 10.2 3.5 2.8 3.6 2.8
Yuma.................. 64.6 70.4 66.4 69.7 20.9 22.5 24.1 23.0 32.4 32.0 36.3 33.0
Arkansas................ 1,221.4 1,264.6 1,230.3 1,263.6 66.8 62.3 72.8 64.2 5.5 4.9 5.9 5.1
Fayetteville-Springda-
le-Rogers.......... 137.5 143.6 139.2 144.1 4.7 4.5 5.0 4.7 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.3
Fort Smith............ 95.3 98.1 97.2 98.3 5.0 4.5 5.4 4.5 5.2 4.6 5.6 4.6
Jonesboro............. 40.4 42.2 40.7 42.5 1.8 1.7 2.0 1.7 4.5 4.1 4.9 3.9
Little Rock-North
Little Rock........ 297.2 308.2 299.0 308.2 12.8 11.7 13.3 11.5 4.3 3.8 4.5 3.7
Pine Bluff............ 36.5 37.4 36.8 37.3 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.1 8.7 8.3 9.3 8.2
California.............. 15,976.3 16,274.6 16,185.3 16,481.1 1,005.7 942.9 1,076.3 992.9 6.3 5.8 6.6 6.0
Bakersfield........... 288.1 286.4 296.2 296.5 34.3 31.4 32.6 35.0 11.9 10.9 11.0 11.8
Chico-Paradise........ 84.8 86.0 86.5 87.8 8.0 7.6 7.8 7.3 9.4 8.8 9.0 8.3
Fresno................ 432.0 444.8 443.7 452.2 54.3 58.9 53.6 57.1 12.6 13.2 12.1 12.6
Los Angeles-Long Beach 4,454.0 4,539.9 4,548.8 4,654.5 304.8 293.0 339.0 320.5 6.8 6.5 7.5 6.9
Merced................ 85.4 86.6 86.9 85.1 12.5 12.8 11.8 11.9 14.6 14.8 13.6 14.0
Modesto............... 206.4 207.4 212.4 211.7 27.7 26.7 25.7 24.5 13.4 12.9 12.1 11.6
Oakland............... 1,176.5 1,195.6 1,188.8 1,202.1 53.7 47.8 57.7 49.8 4.6 4.0 4.9 4.1
Orange County......... 1,381.9 1,423.0 1,394.2 1,434.3 47.2 42.7 51.3 44.5 3.4 3.0 3.7 3.1
Redding............... 74.6 73.7 73.3 72.7 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.2
Riverside-San
Bernardino......... 1,363.1 1,403.4 1,366.0 1,401.9 96.7 86.0 111.0 94.0 7.1 6.1 8.1 6.7
Sacramento............ 740.8 750.4 750.3 758.7 42.1 38.0 43.1 38.3 5.7 5.1 5.7 5.0
Salinas............... 184.4 183.7 187.2 185.6 13.6 13.9 13.5 12.7 7.4 7.6 7.2 6.9
San Diego............. 1,284.6 1,304.0 1,292.7 1,312.0 57.6 47.4 60.4 49.9 4.5 3.6 4.7 3.8
San Francisco......... 930.7 943.0 944.8 960.3 33.3 29.4 36.1 30.8 3.6 3.1 3.8 3.2
San Jose.............. 938.3 964.2 957.2 979.0 29.6 30.1 31.8 32.5 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3
San Luis
Obispo-Atascadero-
Paso Robles........ 107.4 111.3 105.8 109.3 4.9 4.5 5.2 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.9 4.1
Santa Barbara-Santa
Maria-Lompoc....... 197.5 196.0 197.3 196.1 8.3 7.3 9.0 7.1 4.2 3.7 4.6 3.6
Santa Cruz-Watsonville 148.0 151.9 146.2 149.9 8.6 7.9 8.8 7.7 5.8 5.2 6.1 5.1
Santa Rosa............ 239.3 246.6 237.9 244.2 9.2 8.3 9.9 8.2 3.9 3.4 4.1 3.4
Stockton-Lodi......... 249.4 249.0 249.2 250.1 27.3 26.2 25.5 26.2 10.9 10.5 10.2 10.5
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa 241.9 247.7 244.8 249.4 14.9 12.8 15.8 12.5 6.1 5.2 6.4 5.0
Ventura............... 382.4 389.5 383.3 392.4 23.2 19.1 29.4 22.1 6.1 4.9 7.7 5.6
Visalia-Tulare-Porter-
ville.............. 162.1 164.1 162.9 167.0 22.9 22.1 23.5 26.9 14.1 13.5 14.4 16.1
Yolo.................. 87.2 89.0 86.8 88.4 4.4 4.1 4.4 4.0 5.0 4.6 5.1 4.6
Yuba City............. 57.3 58.1 57.8 59.2 8.1 8.5 7.1 7.6 14.2 14.6 12.3 12.8
Colorado................ 2,188.1 2,281.3 2,195.1 2,277.7 83.2 90.3 69.0 75.8 3.8 4.0 3.1 3.3
Boulder-Longmont...... 167.7 173.8 169.2 173.2 5.7 6.2 4.9 5.3 3.4 3.6 2.9 3.1
Colorado Springs...... 250.5 258.6 249.4 258.2 11.0 12.2 9.4 10.3 4.4 4.7 3.8 4.0
Denver................ 1,101.2 1,150.5 1,106.4 1,151.8 35.7 36.7 29.8 32.1 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.8
Fort Collins-Loveland. 136.3 140.9 136.8 139.9 5.1 5.4 4.1 4.5 3.7 3.8 3.0 3.3
Grand Junction........ 57.1 60.4 57.3 60.4 2.8 3.1 2.4 2.6 4.9 5.1 4.1 4.2
Greeley............... 82.1 85.8 82.4 85.5 3.8 4.0 3.1 3.4 4.6 4.6 3.8 4.0
Pueblo................ 60.8 65.7 61.1 64.5 3.2 5.6 2.8 4.1 5.2 8.6 4.6 6.4
Connecticut............. 1,750.1 1,746.2 1,774.8 1,762.8 94.7 70.4 97.6 69.6 5.4 4.0 5.5 4.0
Bridgeport............ 223.6 221.6 224.4 222.5 14.3 10.8 14.5 10.7 6.4 4.9 6.5 4.8
Danbury............... 109.5 111.0 111.6 112.3 3.9 3.0 4.5 3.2 3.5 2.7 4.0 2.9
Hartford.............. 594.6 589.8 601.1 594.6 33.8 24.6 34.6 24.0 5.7 4.2 5.8 4.0
New Haven-Meriden..... 276.5 271.6 280.6 274.0 15.5 10.7 16.0 11.0 5.6 4.0 5.7 4.0
New London-Norwich.... 158.0 158.7 162.6 161.5 9.3 7.1 9.3 7.1 5.9 4.5 5.7 4.4
Stamford-Norwalk...... 197.6 201.0 202.4 204.3 6.6 5.3 6.8 5.2 3.4 2.6 3.3 2.5
Waterbury............. 120.3 122.0 121.8 122.6 7.3 5.6 7.6 5.6 6.1 4.6 6.3 4.6
Delaware................ 381.2 398.0 384.0 400.8 16.2 16.1 15.6 16.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1
Dover................. 66.1 70.0 66.0 70.7 3.2 3.3 3.1 2.8 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.0
Wilmington-Newark..... 287.1 297.2 287.6 297.7 14.4 14.3 13.5 15.7 5.0 4.8 4.7 5.3
District of Columbia.... 258.9 269.7 266.4 272.7 22.3 24.3 22.9 24.3 8.6 9.0 8.6 8.9
Washington............ 2,538.4 2,621.2 2,579.6 2,654.4 102.8 90.1 95.4 82.5 4.0 3.4 3.7 3.1
Florida................. 7,145.0 7,382.8 7,198.8 7,413.6 364.2 355.3 359.6 337.2 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.5
Daytona Beach......... 188.0 192.8 189.9 193.4 7.4 7.1 7.2 6.3 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.3
Fort Lauderdale....... 753.6 777.8 758.2 778.5 38.5 38.6 36.0 34.5 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.4
Fort Myers-Cape Coral. 169.7 172.9 170.1 173.4 6.0 5.7 5.9 5.4 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.1
Fort Pierce-Port St.
Lucie.............. 120.9 125.5 121.7 126.4 11.7 12.6 13.7 14.7 9.7 10.1 11.3 11.7
Fort Walton Beach..... 81.9 85.0 81.5 84.5 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.4 3.5 3.4 3.2 2.8
Gainesville........... 100.2 103.4 101.5 104.6 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.8 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.6
Jacksonville.......... 536.4 556.4 543.1 562.1 20.8 19.6 19.7 17.9 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.2
Lakeland-Winter Haven. 198.0 200.5 197.7 201.6 14.5 13.2 16.7 15.7 7.3 6.6 8.5 7.8
Melbourne-Titusville-
Palm Bay........... 203.9 208.8 207.5 211.0 9.4 10.1 9.1 8.5 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.0
Miami................. 1,049.9 1,060.9 1,059.3 1,066.4 81.1 76.6 75.8 67.8 7.7 7.2 7.2 6.4
Naples................ 85.4 88.5 85.1 88.6 4.9 4.4 5.6 5.4 5.8 5.0 6.6 6.1
Ocala................. 93.8 97.1 94.4 96.9 4.5 4.7 4.3 4.4 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.6
Orlando............... 819.6 856.7 827.9 861.3 29.6 29.1 29.7 26.9 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.1
Panama City........... 68.7 70.0 69.4 69.6 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.2 5.6 5.3 5.4 4.6
Pensacola............. 170.5 177.3 172.2 178.6 7.6 8.2 7.0 7.1 4.4 4.6 4.1 3.9
Punta Gorda........... 45.6 46.6 45.4 45.6 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 3.8 3.4 3.9 3.4
Sarasota-Bradenton.... 262.5 283.1 266.1 285.2 6.9 7.2 7.6 7.1 2.6 2.5 2.9 2.5
Tallahassee........... 141.8 144.4 143.4 146.1 5.1 5.4 4.6 4.7 3.6 3.7 3.2 3.2
Tampa-St.
Petersburg-Clearwa-
ter................ 1,135.2 1,181.0 1,146.5 1,190.3 41.8 39.9 40.3 37.1 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.1
West Palm Beach-Boca
Raton.............. 481.5 500.7 484.3 503.4 32.7 32.0 33.9 33.5 6.8 6.4 7.0 6.6
Georgia................. 3,950.0 3,996.4 3,948.5 3,996.9 205.4 183.9 198.5 177.8 5.2 4.6 5.0 4.4
Albany................ 58.6 58.8 58.7 58.7 4.4 5.3 4.1 4.7 7.5 9.0 7.0 8.0
Athens................ 73.8 75.3 71.9 73.2 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.2 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.0
Atlanta............... 2,084.0 2,106.1 2,082.8 2,107.0 88.8 76.0 84.1 77.7 4.3 3.6 4.0 3.7
Augusta-Aiken......... 208.8 206.3 209.1 206.8 15.2 12.8 14.6 11.9 7.3 6.2 7.0 5.8
Columbus.............. 123.9 124.0 123.6 123.2 6.7 6.4 6.8 6.3 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.1
Macon................. 154.0 155.4 153.5 154.1 8.5 8.9 7.8 7.8 5.5 5.7 5.1 5.0
Savannah.............. 134.7 134.2 133.9 132.3 7.9 6.7 7.2 6.0 5.9 5.0 5.3 4.5
Hawaii.................. 595.3 596.2 599.7 603.2 42.9 39.3 41.8 37.9 7.2 6.6 7.0 6.3
Honolulu.............. 428.4 426.8 428.5 429.1 24.7 23.5 24.3 23.0 5.8 5.5 5.7 5.3
Idaho................... 645.8 657.2 647.0 658.5 30.5 28.8 30.2 28.1 4.7 4.4 4.7 4.3
Boise City............ 213.3 218.6 213.1 219.3 7.8 7.7 7.9 7.5 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.4
Pocatello............. 38.6 39.1 38.3 39.0 2.2 1.7 2.1 1.7 5.7 4.4 5.5 4.3
Illinois................ 6,207.6 6,248.9 6,217.2 6,258.4 291.2 287.9 284.5 275.2 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.4
Bloomington-Normal.... 80.1 82.4 80.0 82.3 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.3
Champaign-Urbana...... 91.8 92.3 92.1 92.8 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.2
Chicago............... 4,130.3 4,165.1 4,147.7 4,184.4 182.1 182.3 178.3 174.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2
Davenport-Moline-Rock
Island............. 186.9 189.6 187.4 187.6 6.7 6.1 6.4 5.3 3.6 3.2 3.4 2.8
Decatur............... 60.0 59.0 59.8 58.9 4.6 3.7 4.3 3.4 7.6 6.3 7.3 5.8
Kankakee.............. 52.7 53.7 52.6 53.3 2.9 3.2 2.7 3.0 5.5 6.0 5.2 5.6
Peoria-Pekin.......... 184.2 184.9 184.7 185.2 7.9 6.7 7.3 6.4 4.3 3.6 4.0 3.4
Rockford.............. 199.5 198.2 199.1 198.8 12.2 8.3 11.7 11.4 6.1 4.2 5.9 5.7
Springfield........... 108.0 107.7 107.3 107.1 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.7
Indiana................. 3,142.3 3,130.5 3,153.2 3,129.1 106.1 86.9 113.3 83.6 3.4 2.8 3.6 2.7
Bloomington........... 59.9 59.8 59.8 59.6 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.3 2.6 2.9 2.4 2.2
Elkhart-Goshen........ 95.6 93.9 96.4 93.8 2.8 2.1 3.1 1.6 2.9 2.2 3.2 1.7
Evansville-Henderson.. 160.7 157.1 163.0 158.0 6.8 6.0 8.3 4.7 4.3 3.8 5.1 3.0
Fort Wayne............ 271.0 270.5 272.1 267.1 7.7 6.3 8.4 7.8 2.8 2.3 3.1 2.9
Gary.................. 308.7 305.3 308.5 303.0 12.2 10.3 12.7 7.9 4.0 3.4 4.1 2.6
Indianapolis.......... 838.9 844.3 846.6 849.6 22.9 19.3 23.6 20.6 2.7 2.3 2.8 2.4
Kokomo................ 51.8 52.8 52.0 53.1 1.7 1.5 1.7 3.3 3.3 2.8 3.4 6.1
Lafayette............. 87.0 88.5 87.4 88.7 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.4 2.5 2.2 2.3 1.5
Muncie................ 60.9 61.5 60.5 60.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.0
South Bend............ 139.2 138.0 140.0 138.2 4.3 3.3 4.4 3.2 3.1 2.4 3.1 2.3
Terre Haute........... 71.3 69.4 71.6 68.7 4.2 3.2 4.1 2.2 5.8 4.6 5.7 3.3
Iowa.................... 1,598.3 1,598.1 1,590.4 1,584.1 51.1 39.6 44.0 35.2 3.2 2.5 2.8 2.2
Cedar Rapids.......... 109.1 110.1 108.2 109.8 2.8 1.9 2.3 1.7 2.6 1.8 2.1 1.5
Des Moines............ 256.0 254.8 256.8 254.6 6.7 4.8 5.6 4.0 2.6 1.9 2.2 1.6
Dubuque............... 49.5 49.6 49.9 49.3 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.2 3.8 2.8 3.0 2.3
Iowa City............. 64.8 66.6 62.5 63.6 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.9 2.3 2.6 2.5
Sioux City............ 66.1 66.1 66.3 65.9 2.5 1.9 2.2 1.7 3.8 2.9 3.3 2.5
Waterloo-Cedar Falls.. 67.5 68.5 68.2 68.3 2.7 2.2 2.4 1.9 4.0 3.2 3.5 2.8
Kansas.................. 1,379.0 1,439.6 1,388.9 1,441.4 53.2 53.3 48.2 50.3 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.5
Lawrence.............. 51.0 53.6 51.4 54.1 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.4 4.8 5.0 4.2 4.5
Topeka................ 89.9 92.1 90.3 92.7 4.3 3.5 3.8 3.3 4.8 3.8 4.2 3.5
Wichita............... 277.2 288.6 279.8 290.3 9.7 8.9 9.2 8.0 3.5 3.1 3.3 2.8
Kentucky................ 1,970.9 1,983.0 1,974.3 1,976.1 110.7 89.6 105.7 82.4 5.6 4.5 5.4 4.2
Lexington............. 255.8 262.5 255.8 260.2 7.4 5.6 6.4 5.0 2.9 2.1 2.5 1.9
Louisville............ 559.1 571.9 567.8 573.0 24.0 18.9 25.3 16.2 4.3 3.3 4.5 2.8
Owensboro............. 51.0 51.1 51.5 51.3 3.4 2.3 3.4 2.1 6.7 4.5 6.6 4.1
Louisiana............... 2,063.7 2,127.6 2,066.2 2,119.7 151.5 131.7 137.6 135.7 7.3 6.2 6.7 6.4
Alexandria............ 60.1 61.9 60.0 61.5 4.4 3.8 4.4 4.0 7.3 6.2 7.4 6.6
Baton Rouge........... 294.2 306.0 294.4 302.8 19.8 15.5 18.3 15.3 6.7 5.1 6.2 5.0
Houma................. 90.3 97.5 91.7 96.5 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.3 4.2 3.4 3.8 3.4
Lafayette............. 176.7 185.3 177.7 184.8 10.7 10.7 9.6 10.4 6.1 5.8 5.4 5.6
Lake Charles.......... 90.8 93.5 91.7 93.2 7.1 5.1 6.4 5.3 7.8 5.4 6.9 5.7
Monroe................ 70.8 72.1 70.7 72.3 5.6 4.4 5.0 5.1 7.9 6.1 7.0 7.0
New Orleans........... 628.4 640.2 632.2 640.3 41.8 34.0 38.7 34.1 6.6 5.3 6.1 5.3
Shreveport-Bossier
City............... 190.0 199.4 190.0 198.7 15.0 17.7 13.5 18.7 7.9 8.9 7.1 9.4
Maine................... 671.7 665.9 675.2 670.5 35.4 25.8 29.2 22.9 5.3 3.9 4.3 3.4
Bangor................ 49.6 50.6 49.9 50.3 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.2 4.1 2.7 3.3 2.4
Lewiston-Auburn....... 51.4 51.4 51.4 51.3 2.9 2.2 2.8 2.1 5.7 4.3 5.4 4.2
Portland.............. 132.0 131.4 133.9 133.1 3.8 3.0 3.2 2.4 2.9 2.3 2.4 1.8
Maryland................ 2,835.7 2,824.3 2,858.1 2,856.3 158.3 135.9 146.2 131.0 5.6 4.8 5.1 4.6
Baltimore............. 1,342.2 1,332.9 1,348.8 1,349.9 84.1 73.3 79.6 76.0 6.3 5.5 5.9 5.6
Cumberland............ 46.6 47.0 46.6 46.5 4.2 3.4 4.0 3.8 8.9 7.3 8.6 8.1
Hagerstown............ 70.9 72.9 71.7 72.3 3.7 2.9 3.2 2.6 5.2 4.0 4.5 3.6
Massachusetts........... 3,316.0 3,305.3 3,323.7 3,308.1 138.2 116.8 134.8 104.8 4.2 3.5 4.1 3.2
Barnstable-Yarmouth... 79.1 78.0 83.8 82.7 3.2 2.7 2.9 2.2 4.1 3.4 3.4 2.6
Boston................ 1,829.8 1,830.6 1,838.0 1,840.0 67.3 55.4 64.6 49.5 3.7 3.0 3.5 2.7
Brockton.............. 133.6 132.4 132.9 131.9 7.0 5.6 6.7 5.1 5.2 4.2 5.0 3.9
Fitchburg-Leominster.. 71.6 70.9 71.9 70.4 3.8 2.9 3.9 2.8 5.4 4.0 5.4 4.0
Lawrence.............. 201.3 200.3 199.7 197.1 11.1 9.8 10.3 8.4 5.5 4.9 5.2 4.3
Lowell................ 164.4 167.2 164.7 165.2 6.6 5.9 6.7 5.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 3.4
New Bedford........... 83.2 81.7 83.4 81.9 6.1 5.1 6.5 5.0 7.3 6.2 7.8 6.1
Pittsfield............ 41.3 41.1 41.8 41.2 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.6 5.1 4.4 4.5 3.8
Springfield........... 286.9 286.5 283.8 282.6 12.3 11.8 12.0 10.3 4.3 4.1 4.2 3.6
Worcester............. 252.4 251.4 251.6 249.8 9.8 9.1 9.5 8.3 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.3
Michigan................ 5,053.5 5,112.4 5,072.6 5,098.9 222.3 197.1 250.1 244.3 4.4 3.9 4.9 4.8
Ann Arbor............. 289.8 294.8 292.0 295.0 7.4 6.0 9.5 9.2 2.6 2.0 3.2 3.1
Benton Harbor......... 85.7 84.4 84.8 84.2 5.4 4.1 4.2 3.4 6.3 4.9 5.0 4.1
Detroit............... 2,265.3 2,297.4 2,283.0 2,274.7 92.4 84.9 121.3 103.7 4.1 3.7 5.3 4.6
Flint................. 207.1 210.0 206.3 209.9 12.2 14.8 14.8 25.9 5.9 7.1 7.2 12.3
Grand
Rapids-Muskegon-Ho-
lland.............. 591.4 604.7 594.2 604.7 21.9 18.8 22.5 21.0 3.7 3.1 3.8 3.5
Jackson............... 78.0 78.0 77.5 78.3 3.9 2.9 3.4 2.8 5.0 3.7 4.4 3.6
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek 234.5 232.0 233.2 232.1 11.5 8.1 10.1 8.5 4.9 3.5 4.3 3.7
Lansing-East Lansing.. 240.1 240.6 240.5 240.3 7.3 6.6 7.6 14.6 3.0 2.7 3.2 6.1
Saginaw-Bay
City-Midland....... 204.6 205.3 203.9 204.0 9.3 7.9 8.6 12.5 4.5 3.8 4.2 6.1
Minnesota............... 2,654.9 2,740.2 2,657.0 2,732.2 97.5 81.9 79.7 56.6 3.7 3.0 3.0 2.1
Duluth-Superior....... 125.3 128.9 125.5 128.6 7.1 6.1 5.7 4.4 5.7 4.8 4.5 3.4
Minneapolis-St.Paul... 1,647.3 1,707.2 1,663.7 1,717.7 48.3 41.2 40.5 28.7 2.9 2.4 2.4 1.7
Rochester............. 67.0 70.4 67.9 71.3 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.0 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.4
St. Cloud............. 91.0 94.1 91.4 93.3 3.9 3.1 3.0 2.2 4.3 3.3 3.3 2.4
Mississippi............. 1,276.6 1,291.6 1,280.3 1,292.2 87.7 74.1 77.7 66.9 6.9 5.7 6.1 5.2
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pasca-
goula.............. 160.2 164.0 161.7 163.7 9.5 7.3 7.8 6.3 5.9 4.4 4.8 3.8
Hattiesburg........... 50.7 51.7 51.7 51.9 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.8 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.5
Jackson............... 225.1 233.6 225.5 231.9 9.7 8.6 8.6 7.7 4.3 3.7 3.8 3.3
Missouri................ 2,928.6 2,956.6 2,925.7 2,959.0 123.4 127.5 126.6 130.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4
Columbia.............. 82.1 82.3 79.3 79.5 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.7
Joplin................ 81.2 82.2 79.5 80.4 3.1 3.6 3.0 3.3 3.8 4.4 3.8 4.2
Kansas City........... 971.1 1,004.5 983.8 1,019.4 35.9 40.0 35.3 43.4 3.7 4.0 3.6 4.3
St. Joseph............ 49.2 49.7 48.4 49.1 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.0 5.2 4.4 4.3 4.0
St. Louis LMA......... 1,360.5 1,372.4 1,373.3 1,385.3 56.4 62.9 63.5 65.9 4.1 4.6 4.6 4.8
Springfield........... 169.5 171.1 167.8 170.0 5.8 5.4 5.0 4.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.7
Montana................. 458.3 470.5 466.5 477.1 24.2 24.7 23.2 22.3 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.7
Billings.............. 68.5 70.2 70.5 72.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.0 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.1
Great Falls........... 38.1 38.2 38.7 38.7 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 5.5 5.3 4.9 4.8
Nebraska................ 914.7 941.4 922.2 949.6 29.7 20.5 26.7 23.0 3.2 2.2 2.9 2.4
Lincoln............... 140.5 142.9 142.0 144.7 4.0 2.3 3.7 2.4 2.9 1.6 2.6 1.7
Omaha................. 384.5 402.3 388.8 404.7 12.8 8.5 11.5 8.7 3.3 2.1 2.9 2.1
Nevada.................. 889.6 927.9 899.0 937.7 40.3 44.9 39.4 42.8 4.5 4.8 4.4 4.6
Las Vegas............. 669.1 702.8 675.3 709.7 30.5 33.1 30.5 32.7 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.6
Reno.................. 172.4 176.1 174.2 178.9 6.6 7.2 6.1 6.3 3.8 4.1 3.5 3.5
New Hampshire........... 656.0 662.9 664.5 667.1 21.5 18.4 19.2 14.4 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.2
Manchester............ 102.1 102.3 102.4 101.6 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.0 3.0 2.5 2.6 2.0
Nashua................ 103.1 106.3 107.0 104.9 3.2 2.8 2.9 2.1 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.0
Portsmouth-Rochester.. 123.7 123.5 127.9 125.6 3.5 2.9 3.8 2.7 2.8 2.3 3.0 2.2
New Jersey.............. 4,264.3 4,252.7 4,274.7 4,257.5 224.1 208.4 235.5 225.3 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.3
Atlantic-Cape May..... 184.5 185.9 191.5 192.0 13.4 14.6 13.3 14.5 7.2 7.9 7.0 7.6
Bergen-Passaic........ 689.6 684.0 685.0 677.5 37.7 32.1 39.1 34.9 5.5 4.7 5.7 5.2
Jersey City........... 288.4 287.4 288.9 287.2 24.4 23.6 24.4 23.9 8.5 8.2 8.4 8.3
Middlesex-Somerset-Hu-
nterdon............ 644.0 651.6 645.0 654.2 23.9 22.3 26.8 25.7 3.7 3.4 4.2 3.9
Monmouth-Ocean........ 543.1 539.0 547.4 541.7 25.2 23.2 27.0 25.9 4.6 4.3 4.9 4.8
Newark................ 1,036.0 1,031.2 1,039.7 1,028.5 56.1 49.4 58.5 54.1 5.4 4.8 5.6 5.3
Trenton............... 172.1 169.5 170.8 168.0 7.8 7.5 8.6 8.3 4.5 4.4 5.1 4.9
Vineland-Millville-Br-
idgeton............ 66.5 68.2 65.8 67.3 5.7 6.4 5.5 6.6 8.6 9.3 8.4 9.8
New Mexico.............. 829.3 857.1 830.5 855.2 58.2 65.9 53.2 57.8 7.0 7.7 6.4 6.8
Albuquerque........... 361.3 373.7 363.6 373.2 18.1 22.0 17.0 19.8 5.0 5.9 4.7 5.3
Las Cruces............ 66.6 70.1 66.1 68.7 6.1 7.3 5.5 6.0 9.2 10.4 8.3 8.8
Santa Fe.............. 74.8 78.2 76.3 78.9 3.1 3.2 2.9 2.8 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.5
New York................ 8,909.3 8,865.5 9,032.0 8,958.2 562.8 470.9 597.1 501.9 6.3 5.3 6.6 5.6
Albany-Schenectady-Tr-
oy................. 458.2 456.0 460.7 455.7 17.3 16.0 18.7 14.5 3.8 3.5 4.1 3.2
Binghamton............ 126.1 126.8 126.7 126.4 4.9 4.7 5.0 4.3 3.9 3.7 4.0 3.4
Buffalo-Niagara Falls. 588.7 589.0 599.3 593.0 29.8 31.1 33.8 42.2 5.1 5.3 5.6 7.1
Dutchess County....... 120.5 121.2 121.3 121.2 4.7 4.0 4.9 3.7 3.9 3.3 4.0 3.0
Elmira................ 45.3 45.1 45.4 44.8 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.7 4.5 4.4 5.0 3.9
Glens Falls........... 65.7 65.2 67.6 66.7 3.4 2.9 3.3 2.4 5.1 4.5 4.9 3.6
Jamestown............. 69.1 66.8 70.0 67.4 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.2 5.5 5.3 5.4 4.8
Nassau-Suffolk........ 1,415.7 1,432.3 1,435.1 1,432.1 55.1 47.5 63.9 47.1 3.9 3.3 4.5 3.3
New York.............. 4,036.9 4,002.2 4,095.8 4,072.6 348.8 270.5 364.6 297.3 8.6 6.8 8.9 7.3
New York City...... 3,385.4 3,339.2 3,431.3 3,405.1 324.2 247.2 337.0 275.2 9.6 7.4 9.8 8.1
Newburgh.............. 177.7 176.5 181.3 177.8 7.8 6.8 8.5 6.2 4.4 3.9 4.7 3.5
Rochester............. 587.6 578.6 592.9 579.4 22.4 22.7 24.6 25.8 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.5
Syracuse.............. 372.2 367.6 375.9 368.5 16.1 14.5 16.7 13.5 4.3 3.9 4.4 3.7
Utica-Rome............ 145.7 144.9 148.6 147.6 7.2 6.5 7.2 5.5 4.9 4.5 4.9 3.7
North Carolina.......... 3,907.1 3,836.2 3,937.4 3,871.6 156.2 131.3 154.0 135.0 4.0 3.4 3.9 3.5
Asheville............. 113.6 111.8 113.7 112.5 3.5 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.6
Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro-
ck Hill............ 762.3 745.5 769.9 754.2 27.2 20.9 26.1 21.7 3.6 2.8 3.4 2.9
Fayetteville.......... 117.7 115.5 117.8 114.9 5.6 5.0 5.3 4.8 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.2
Goldsboro............. 49.2 49.3 49.8 49.0 2.1 2.1 3.0 2.2 4.3 4.2 5.9 4.5
Greensboro�Winston-Sa-
lem�High Point..... 650.1 632.2 653.0 634.2 20.2 16.7 20.1 17.1 3.1 2.6 3.1 2.7
Greenville............ 65.5 62.7 65.6 64.0 4.0 3.3 3.5 3.5 6.1 5.2 5.3 5.4
Hickory-Morganton-Len-
oir................ 177.9 171.4 181.6 173.2 7.5 4.5 10.0 4.3 4.2 2.6 5.5 2.5
Jacksonville.......... 45.0 45.9 45.7 46.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel
Hill............... 614.5 617.7 621.9 626.2 13.7 11.1 12.4 11.6 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.9
Rocky Mount........... 73.9 68.1 75.1 68.9 6.1 5.1 5.8 5.0 8.2 7.5 7.7 7.3
Wilmington............ 112.2 109.3 113.0 109.7 5.1 4.2 5.0 4.3 4.5 3.8 4.5 3.9
North Dakota............ 361.5 360.4 359.2 358.8 11.0 9.3 8.2 7.4 3.0 2.6 2.3 2.1
Bismarck.............. 56.4 56.0 55.5 55.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.0 2.6 2.3 2.0 1.7
Fargo-Moorhead........ 103.0 104.7 103.5 104.9 2.1 1.6 1.8 1.2 2.1 1.6 1.7 1.1
Grand Forks........... 54.6 54.9 54.3 55.0 3.1 1.6 2.2 1.3 5.7 3.0 4.0 2.3
Ohio.................... 5,758.4 5,878.2 5,798.7 5,911.0 254.1 262.1 253.2 271.4 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.6
Akron................. 361.7 368.6 365.0 373.1 14.9 14.7 14.3 13.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.5
Canton-Massillon...... 203.6 209.6 206.3 211.6 9.2 9.0 8.6 7.5 4.5 4.3 4.2 3.5
Cincinnati............ 847.2 875.5 854.4 876.7 32.0 33.1 29.1 25.9 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.0
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyr-
ia................. 1,123.8 1,153.9 1,133.7 1,162.2 49.9 50.0 48.6 50.0 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3
Columbus.............. 813.1 841.2 822.5 846.8 23.2 24.6 21.2 20.1 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.4
Dayton-Springfield.... 478.6 485.5 480.0 489.0 19.4 22.2 19.1 28.9 4.1 4.6 4.0 5.9
Hamilton-Middletown... 172.5 176.1 172.0 175.1 6.0 6.3 5.5 5.6 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.2
Lima.................. 76.5 76.8 77.0 77.5 3.9 3.4 4.0 3.5 5.1 4.4 5.2 4.5
Mansfield............. 84.8 84.7 85.9 87.1 4.7 5.1 4.8 7.4 5.5 6.0 5.6 8.5
Steubenville-Weirton.. 59.3 59.2 57.9 58.3 7.3 4.0 6.2 3.1 12.3 6.8 10.7 5.4
Toledo................ 316.8 319.3 317.7 316.3 14.8 17.4 19.8 19.8 4.7 5.4 6.2 6.3
Youngstown-Warren..... 289.6 295.4 290.6 300.2 16.0 17.2 16.4 30.5 5.5 5.8 5.6 10.1
Oklahoma................ 1,608.8 1,627.1 1,620.8 1,644.9 70.1 66.3 65.7 70.0 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.3
Enid.................. 28.5 29.1 28.9 29.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.2
Lawton................ 41.3 40.6 41.0 40.5 2.3 1.8 2.1 1.7 5.5 4.5 5.2 4.1
Oklahoma City......... 529.5 532.1 532.3 547.5 18.5 17.9 17.2 24.8 3.5 3.4 3.2 4.5
Tulsa................. 402.9 408.9 411.1 419.0 14.9 13.3 13.9 11.9 3.7 3.2 3.4 2.8
Oregon.................. 1,739.6 1,782.8 1,748.0 1,791.0 100.6 96.7 95.7 91.0 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.1
Eugene-Springfield.... 157.4 160.0 155.4 158.8 8.7 8.3 8.3 8.0 5.5 5.2 5.4 5.0
Medford-Ashland....... 86.2 87.0 85.8 87.5 6.9 6.1 6.6 5.7 8.0 7.0 7.7 6.5
Portland-Vancouver.... 1,024.4 1,053.9 1,038.5 1,064.3 44.6 44.5 43.5 44.0 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1
Salem................. 171.0 172.5 168.0 170.2 10.1 9.3 9.3 8.4 5.9 5.4 5.5 4.9
Pennsylvania............ 6,048.7 6,028.3 6,093.1 6,084.8 322.0 263.9 332.0 285.1 5.3 4.4 5.4 4.7
Allentown-Bethlehem-E-
aston.............. 314.1 310.8 316.2 312.2 16.2 13.5 17.0 15.1 5.2 4.3 5.4 4.8
Altoona............... 63.9 64.3 64.6 65.1 3.5 3.1 3.6 3.2 5.5 4.9 5.6 5.0
Erie.................. 141.2 140.1 142.8 142.3 8.5 6.9 8.4 7.4 6.0 4.9 5.9 5.2
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Ca-
rlisle............. 354.0 358.1 357.0 360.6 12.3 10.6 12.8 10.6 3.5 2.9 3.6 3.0
Johnstown............. 109.0 107.2 108.9 107.5 8.4 6.7 8.3 6.8 7.7 6.3 7.7 6.3
Lancaster............. 244.2 250.2 248.3 251.9 7.7 7.4 7.8 7.3 3.2 2.9 3.2 2.9
Philadelphia.......... 2,520.6 2,506.8 2,536.7 2,538.5 125.1 108.4 133.7 118.6 5.0 4.3 5.3 4.7
Pittsburgh............ 1,175.6 1,160.6 1,179.9 1,170.7 60.9 49.9 60.7 52.5 5.2 4.3 5.1 4.5
Reading............... 187.3 187.4 187.8 186.7 8.6 7.9 9.0 9.2 4.6 4.2 4.8 4.9
Scranton�Wilkes-Barre-
�Hazleton.......... 317.1 314.8 321.3 318.3 23.1 17.8 24.8 19.2 7.3 5.7 7.7 6.0
Sharon................ 57.8 57.3 57.6 58.2 3.4 2.4 3.4 2.7 5.9 4.2 5.9 4.7
State College......... 63.3 65.2 65.8 66.4 1.8 1.6 2.2 1.8 2.9 2.5 3.3 2.6
Williamsport.......... 58.2 57.9 58.9 58.6 3.8 3.1 3.6 3.0 6.5 5.3 6.1 5.1
York.................. 196.2 196.1 197.6 196.5 8.9 7.5 8.7 7.4 4.5 3.8 4.4 3.8
Rhode Island............ 507.5 500.6 508.7 502.6 26.3 18.8 25.8 20.6 5.2 3.8 5.1 4.1
Providence-Fall
River-Warwick...... 578.6 569.2 578.0 568.0 31.7 23.0 32.2 24.2 5.5 4.0 5.6 4.3
South Carolina.......... 1,961.0 1,967.4 1,970.2 1,983.9 96.4 69.0 98.1 87.0 4.9 3.5 5.0 4.4
Charleston-North
Charleston......... 261.6 267.3 263.1 271.3 12.9 7.8 11.4 10.1 4.9 2.9 4.3 3.7
Columbia.............. 274.1 280.0 277.3 283.4 8.1 5.8 7.7 6.7 2.9 2.1 2.8 2.4
Florence.............. 64.9 63.7 64.3 63.1 4.1 2.9 4.1 3.3 6.4 4.6 6.4 5.2
Greenville-Spartanbur-
g-Anderson......... 493.2 500.3 498.0 504.9 17.1 12.9 18.1 16.5 3.5 2.6 3.6 3.3
Myrtle Beach.......... 105.6 105.3 105.6 106.5 3.3 2.5 3.1 2.8 3.2 2.4 3.0 2.7
Sumter................ 48.0 47.8 46.9 46.9 2.9 2.1 3.0 2.5 6.0 4.5 6.4 5.3
South Dakota............ 401.9 411.7 404.2 413.9 12.7 11.3 10.9 10.4 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.5
Rapid City............ 47.7 47.9 48.4 48.7 1.4 1.1 1.2 0.9 2.8 2.2 2.4 1.9
Sioux Falls........... 98.1 103.5 98.5 103.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.3
Tennessee............... 2,723.1 2,800.1 2,736.7 2,808.1 169.4 125.7 168.8 121.9 6.2 4.5 6.2 4.3
Chattanooga........... 224.4 227.5 224.5 228.2 14.1 10.1 11.9 8.6 6.3 4.5 5.3 3.8
Clarksville-Hopkinsvi-
lle................ 81.4 84.5 83.2 85.4 4.1 3.5 4.9 3.4 5.1 4.1 5.9 3.9
Jackson............... 54.7 57.1 55.2 57.9 3.1 2.4 2.7 2.1 5.6 4.2 4.9 3.6
Johnson
City-Kingsport-Bri-
stol............... 228.0 234.9 232.4 235.6 13.7 11.1 14.3 10.6 6.0 4.7 6.1 4.5
Knoxville............. 340.4 348.9 341.3 351.2 16.3 11.5 14.8 12.1 4.8 3.3 4.3 3.4
Memphis............... 529.3 546.9 532.7 550.2 28.9 23.1 25.3 20.8 5.5 4.2 4.8 3.8
Nashville............. 619.4 648.9 622.3 652.1 26.0 20.4 24.0 18.0 4.2 3.1 3.8 2.8
Texas................... 10,007.2 10,269.6 10,035.6 10,310.7 625.6 581.0 582.6 541.5 6.3 5.7 5.8 5.3
Abilene............... 60.2 61.5 60.2 61.8 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.4 4.9 4.3 4.4 3.9
Amarillo.............. 111.4 113.7 111.6 114.6 5.2 5.0 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.2
Austin-San Marcos..... 652.7 674.7 655.2 679.8 23.1 21.2 21.4 19.4 3.5 3.1 3.3 2.9
Beaumont-Port Arthur.. 184.1 186.2 183.2 185.4 17.0 15.6 15.3 14.3 9.3 8.4 8.4 7.7
Brazoria.............. 106.7 107.3 106.3 106.9 9.6 8.1 8.6 7.4 9.0 7.5 8.1 6.9
Brownsville-Harlingen-
San Benito......... 129.7 133.3 130.5 131.9 18.7 19.1 18.7 18.0 14.4 14.3 14.3 13.7
Bryan-College Station. 67.6 68.8 69.7 70.3 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.4 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.1
Corpus Christi........ 180.9 182.5 180.3 182.5 17.1 15.0 15.3 13.6 9.4 8.2 8.5 7.5
Dallas................ 1,834.5 1,896.6 1,849.4 1,911.6 79.9 74.1 74.7 67.7 4.4 3.9 4.0 3.5
El Paso............... 294.7 299.2 296.3 302.5 36.0 33.2 35.0 33.3 12.2 11.1 11.8 11.0
Fort Worth-Arlington.. 859.3 883.5 861.9 889.3 36.7 34.5 34.1 36.4 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.1
Galveston-Texas City.. 128.3 129.0 128.1 128.2 12.3 10.2 11.4 9.1 9.6 7.9 8.9 7.1
Houston............... 2,079.4 2,144.1 2,086.3 2,161.6 125.6 106.3 113.3 97.4 6.0 5.0 5.4 4.5
Killeen-Temple........ 115.9 118.4 115.7 117.5 7.0 6.1 6.4 5.3 6.0 5.2 5.6 4.5
Laredo................ 71.9 72.9 71.2 71.4 8.7 7.8 7.9 7.0 12.1 10.7 11.1 9.8
Longview-Marshall..... 106.0 106.7 105.8 106.7 9.1 8.4 8.5 8.0 8.6 7.9 8.0 7.5
Lubbock............... 123.7 127.1 124.0 126.6 6.9 6.2 6.3 5.6 5.6 4.9 5.1 4.4
McAllen-Edinburg-Miss-
ion................ 192.7 199.5 190.1 193.8 36.2 36.4 35.0 32.6 18.8 18.2 18.4 16.8
Odessa-Midland........ 125.1 128.7 125.1 129.9 7.9 7.9 6.9 7.5 6.3 6.2 5.6 5.8
San Angelo............ 52.4 51.4 52.4 52.8 2.2 2.1 3.1 2.8 4.1 4.0 5.9 5.4
San Antonio........... 754.6 776.1 755.6 780.5 38.1 35.6 34.8 32.4 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.1
Sherman-Denison....... 50.7 50.6 50.7 51.1 2.8 2.6 2.6 3.2 5.5 5.2 5.2 6.2
Texarkana............. 58.0 58.9 57.8 58.8 4.9 4.8 4.3 4.4 8.4 8.2 7.5 7.4
Tyler................. 89.9 91.8 90.9 92.1 5.8 5.4 5.8 5.1 6.4 5.9 6.4 5.6
Victoria.............. 43.7 45.0 44.0 45.0 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 6.2 5.8 5.5 5.1
Waco.................. 101.1 103.3 101.5 102.9 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.0 5.6 5.5 5.5 4.9
Wichita Falls......... 66.6 67.4 66.2 67.2 3.4 3.8 3.6 3.5 5.1 5.6 5.4 5.3
Utah.................... 1,046.5 1,094.8 1,051.4 1,096.5 37.5 39.8 31.5 37.7 3.6 3.6 3.0 3.4
Provo-Orem............ 151.3 157.9 151.6 156.8 4.7 4.9 3.9 4.4 3.1 3.1 2.5 2.8
Salt Lake City-Ogden.. 674.2 705.1 680.7 714.2 23.0 24.4 19.5 23.6 3.4 3.5 2.9 3.3
Vermont................. 327.2 333.0 326.8 334.3 11.7 10.5 11.4 10.6 3.6 3.1 3.5 3.2
Burlington............ 97.3 100.4 97.3 100.2 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.5 2.3
Virginia................ 3,435.8 3,613.3 3,463.6 3,627.9 159.8 128.2 144.4 112.8 4.7 3.5 4.2 3.1
Charlottesville....... 72.1 77.5 72.5 76.6 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.1 2.7 1.8 2.0 1.4
Danville.............. 57.2 59.7 56.9 58.4 4.8 4.4 4.9 4.0 8.4 7.4 8.6 6.8
Lynchburg............. 100.2 103.8 101.0 104.4 4.7 3.3 3.7 3.4 4.6 3.2 3.7 3.2
Norfolk-Virginia
Beach-Newport News. 734.6 760.4 736.2 760.5 44.2 33.2 38.3 28.1 6.0 4.4 5.2 3.7
Richmond-Petersburg... 498.5 526.5 500.8 527.8 20.7 17.2 17.4 14.9 4.2 3.3 3.5 2.8
Roanoke............... 126.9 130.6 126.3 131.5 5.0 3.6 4.3 3.3 3.9 2.8 3.4 2.5
Washington.............. 3,017.3 3,049.6 3,065.1 3,084.1 134.4 133.6 135.0 136.9 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4
Bellingham............ 79.2 79.4 82.3 82.4 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.4 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.3
Bremerton............. 93.2 90.0 94.4 91.3 5.0 4.6 4.9 4.6 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.0
Olympia............... 97.5 99.7 98.4 100.1 4.8 4.6 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.6 5.0 4.9
Richland-Kennewick-Pa-
sco................ 102.5 101.2 97.5 97.0 6.4 6.7 6.2 6.5 6.3 6.6 6.4 6.7
Seattle-Bellevue-Ever-
ett................ 1,343.6 1,375.3 1,368.8 1,396.9 43.8 40.4 44.4 42.0 3.3 2.9 3.2 3.0
Spokane............... 206.2 206.0 207.2 204.5 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.8 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3
Tacoma................ 328.2 329.6 332.4 332.2 14.6 14.6 14.7 14.8 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5
Yakima................ 126.9 124.2 124.9 123.2 10.2 10.4 9.9 10.6 8.0 8.4 7.9 8.6
West Virginia........... 816.2 818.9 818.9 822.4 53.3 53.7 53.9 54.0 6.5 6.6 6.6 6.6
Charleston............ 132.6 135.4 134.2 136.9 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.0 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4
Huntington-Ashland.... 140.4 140.0 139.3 137.5 10.3 9.3 9.1 7.5 7.3 6.6 6.5 5.5
Parkersburg-Marietta.. 78.7 79.0 78.7 78.1 4.1 4.8 3.8 4.4 5.2 6.1 4.9 5.6
Wheeling.............. 75.4 75.5 76.2 77.0 5.4 4.1 4.5 3.5 7.2 5.5 5.9 4.6
Wisconsin............... 2,991.0 3,023.6 2,995.2 3,039.6 118.7 96.3 110.3 101.5 4.0 3.2 3.7 3.3
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neen-
ah................. 226.2 231.5 226.8 232.4 7.4 6.3 6.6 5.3 3.3 2.7 2.9 2.3
Eau Claire............ 83.3 83.6 83.4 83.9 3.2 2.5 2.7 2.2 3.8 3.0 3.2 2.6
Green Bay............. 134.3 133.7 133.7 134.1 5.0 3.8 4.3 3.4 3.7 2.8 3.2 2.5
Janesville-Beloit..... 82.9 81.3 83.1 88.3 4.8 3.1 4.3 10.9 5.8 3.9 5.2 12.3
Kenosha............... 78.9 80.3 78.9 80.1 3.4 2.8 4.8 4.1 4.4 3.5 6.1 5.2
La Crosse............. 70.6 71.5 70.7 71.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.7 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.4
Madison............... 260.8 265.2 262.4 267.2 4.9 4.0 4.4 4.0 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.5
Milwaukee-Waukesha.... 821.6 833.1 821.9 834.5 34.1 27.5 33.1 28.6 4.2 3.3 4.0 3.4
Racine................ 95.9 98.4 97.4 98.8 4.5 3.7 5.4 4.6 4.7 3.7 5.5 4.7
Sheboygan............. 62.7 62.1 62.8 62.4 2.0 1.4 1.8 1.9 3.2 2.3 2.9 3.0
Wausau................ 74.0 74.6 74.5 75.1 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.2 3.6 3.3 3.2 2.9
Wyoming................. 253.4 263.0 254.8 263.8 11.8 11.1 11.5 10.6 4.7 4.2 4.5 4.0
Casper................ 31.9 33.4 32.3 33.7 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.6 5.8 4.7 5.8 4.7
Cheyenne.............. 38.0 39.8 38.8 40.7 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.0
Puerto Rico............. 1,324.8 1,341.0 1,322.5 1,316.9 194.0 183.5 192.2 178.3 14.6 13.7 14.5 13.5
Aguadilla............. 51.1 51.5 52.7 51.2 10.3 9.9 11.5 9.7 20.1 19.2 21.8 18.9
Arecibo............... 54.3 52.8 54.3 51.7 9.5 8.9 9.0 8.8 17.5 16.8 16.6 17.0
Caguas................ 117.6 136.4 114.8 115.9 16.2 15.4 15.6 15.1 13.8 11.3 13.6 13.0
Mayaguez.............. 95.1 94.5 96.4 92.8 15.5 14.8 18.8 14.0 16.3 15.6 19.5 15.1
Ponce................. 115.7 114.9 113.0 113.5 21.9 19.5 20.9 19.4 19.0 17.0 18.5 17.1
San Juan-Bayamon...... 712.2 721.4 713.8 724.2 83.9 81.7 80.9 78.2 11.8 11.3 11.3 10.8
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current
Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes
available. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of Employment and Earnings.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected metropolitan areas, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
June July Change: July 1997 to
July 1998
State and area
1997 1998 1997 1998p Number Percent
Alabama.......................................... 1,868.4 1,883.2 1,860.6 1,879.5 18.9 1.0
Birmingham..................................... 464.2 472.8 464.5 473.4 8.9 1.9
Huntsville..................................... 173.2 175.0 170.9 173.7 2.8 1.6
Mobile......................................... 222.5 225.5 221.5 226.8 5.3 2.4
Montgomery..................................... 156.5 156.9 156.6 156.8 .2 .1
Tuscaloosa..................................... 77.5 80.2 77.5 80.6 3.1 4.0
Alaska........................................... 283.1 287.2 289.0 294.2 5.2 1.8
Anchorage...................................... 127.4 130.6 127.4 131.2 3.8 3.0
Arizona.......................................... 1,959.6 2,051.1 1,932.2 2,020.1 87.9 4.5
Phoenix-Mesa................................... 1,368.7 1,449.8 1,358.7 1,429.9 71.2 5.2
Tucson......................................... 310.8 320.2 299.6 312.2 12.6 4.2
Arkansas......................................... 1,108.0 1,131.0 1,096.8 1,115.9 19.1 1.7
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers................. 137.2 139.6 137.3 138.7 1.4 1.0
Fort Smith..................................... 95.8 96.6 95.8 95.7 -.1 -.1
Little Rock-North Little Rock.................. 304.4 307.4 301.8 304.6 2.8 .9
Pine Bluff..................................... 35.8 35.6 35.3 34.9 -.4 -1.1
California....................................... 13,238.0 13,632.7 13,165.6 13,559.3 393.7 3.0
Bakersfield.................................... 184.0 183.9 178.5 179.8 1.3 .7
Fresno......................................... 277.6 281.1 280.6 281.0 .4 .1
Los Angeles-Long Beach......................... 3,878.8 3,976.3 3,851.2 3,950.5 99.3 2.6
Modesto........................................ 134.5 136.1 138.1 138.7 .6 .4
Oakland........................................ 957.2 979.2 950.1 970.9 20.8 2.2
Orange County.................................. 1,239.4 1,283.6 1,230.9 1,277.0 46.1 3.7
Riverside-San Bernardino....................... 847.1 883.3 836.0 873.8 37.8 4.5
Sacramento..................................... 627.6 640.5 626.0 639.1 13.1 2.1
Salinas........................................ 119.1 121.1 119.5 121.2 1.7 1.4
San Diego...................................... 1,057.4 1,086.7 1,047.5 1,078.0 30.5 2.9
San Francisco.................................. 992.2 1,005.3 991.9 1,006.6 14.7 1.5
San Jose....................................... 934.3 960.3 937.6 960.4 22.8 2.4
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc............... 153.1 155.0 150.7 153.0 2.3 1.5
Santa Rosa..................................... 166.5 171.5 163.1 167.2 4.1 2.5
Stockton-Lodi.................................. 168.0 169.3 169.8 170.2 .4 .2
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa......................... 152.3 157.6 151.6 157.0 5.4 3.6
Ventura........................................ 246.1 252.6 240.4 251.4 11.0 4.6
Colorado......................................... 1,994.6 2,055.4 1,985.8 2,047.3 61.5 3.1
Boulder-Longmont............................... 157.9 161.9 157.6 161.1 3.5 2.2
Colorado Springs............................... 219.7 223.9 216.5 223.8 7.3 3.4
Denver......................................... 1,066.3 1,100.8 1,061.0 1,094.6 33.6 3.2
Connecticut...................................... 1,628.0 1,658.9 1,605.8 1,637.7 31.9 2.0
Bridgeport..................................... 185.6 185.7 181.7 182.7 1.0 .6
Danbury........................................ 86.3 87.6 85.4 86.7 1.3 1.5
Hartford....................................... 600.6 601.6 592.1 595.1 3.0 .5
New Haven-Meriden.............................. 251.1 250.5 248.3 247.7 -.6 -.2
New London-Norwich............................. 138.6 141.3 139.2 141.3 2.1 1.5
Stamford-Norwalk............................... 205.9 211.1 205.6 210.8 5.2 2.5
Waterbury...................................... 87.7 89.5 86.2 88.2 2.0 2.3
Delaware......................................... 393.4 406.6 391.8 403.3 11.5 2.9
Dover.......................................... 51.8 54.8 50.9 54.7 3.8 7.5
Wilmington-Newark.............................. 304.0 315.5 301.4 311.9 10.5 3.5
District of Columbia............................. 616.4 612.7 630.2 619.9 -10.3 -1.6
Washington PMSA................................ 2,501.3 2,561.6 2,501.4 2,558.3 56.9 2.3
Florida.......................................... 6,422.1 6,666.9 6,335.3 6,584.8 249.5 3.9
Daytona Beach.................................. 149.7 154.0 147.4 151.8 4.4 3.0
Fort Lauderdale................................ 627.0 647.8 617.6 638.2 20.6 3.3
Fort Myers-Cape Coral.......................... 149.4 153.0 147.0 150.4 3.4 2.3
Gainesville.................................... 109.0 112.6 108.0 112.2 4.2 3.9
Jacksonville................................... 520.5 542.2 515.7 538.0 22.3 4.3
Lakeland-Winter Haven.......................... 168.3 172.6 164.9 169.5 4.6 2.8
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay.................. 177.6 181.2 176.7 180.8 4.1 2.3
Miami.......................................... 960.3 977.6 950.6 969.0 18.4 1.9
Orlando........................................ 797.4 835.9 787.2 825.6 38.4 4.9
Pensacola...................................... 150.1 155.6 148.4 154.3 5.9 4.0
Sarasota-Bradenton............................. 248.2 268.7 245.9 265.9 20.0 8.1
Tallahassee.................................... 144.5 146.6 143.5 146.5 3.0 2.1
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater................ 1,063.5 1,112.4 1,053.9 1,102.3 48.4 4.6
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton..................... 433.5 453.6 425.6 445.3 19.7 4.6
Georgia.......................................... 3,620.4 3,739.4 3,611.1 3,720.8 109.7 3.0
Albany......................................... 59.7 59.8 60.0 59.9 -.1 -.2
Athens......................................... 72.5 75.0 70.0 72.4 2.4 3.4
Atlanta........................................ 1,965.3 2,033.3 1,962.2 2,023.5 61.3 3.1
Augusta-Aiken.................................. 193.2 195.5 192.2 194.9 2.7 1.4
Columbus....................................... 115.3 117.4 114.6 116.4 1.8 1.6
Macon.......................................... 148.5 151.6 148.2 150.8 2.6 1.8
Savannah....................................... 131.1 133.6 130.7 132.1 1.4 1.1
Hawaii........................................... 534.5 527.5 528.8 521.7 -7.1 -1.3
Honolulu....................................... 406.4 398.7 399.3 392.0 -7.3 -1.8
Idaho............................................ 516.6 523.1 514.5 520.3 5.8 1.1
Boise City..................................... 195.1 199.9 194.2 199.3 5.1 2.6
Illinois......................................... 5,816.3 5,911.6 5,788.8 5,879.7 90.9 1.6
Bloomington-Normal............................. 77.3 79.9 76.8 79.5 2.7 3.5
Champaign-Urbana............................... 94.9 95.9 94.5 95.7 1.2 1.3
Chicago........................................ 4,075.5 4,130.0 4,069.9 4,118.6 48.7 1.2
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island................... 180.9 184.6 179.4 181.7 2.3 1.3
Decatur........................................ 57.6 57.5 57.2 57.5 .3 .5
Kankakee....................................... 43.9 44.6 43.8 44.1 .3 .7
Peoria-Pekin................................... 172.3 175.3 172.4 174.3 1.9 1.1
Rockford....................................... 176.9 180.0 175.8 178.8 3.0 1.7
Springfield.................................... 113.9 114.2 112.7 113.2 .5 .4
Indiana.......................................... 2,867.3 2,890.9 2,833.6 2,840.5 6.9 .2
Bloomington.................................... 61.7 62.1 60.8 61.4 .6 1.0
Elkhart-Goshen................................. 117.5 117.4 116.2 116.2 .0 .0
Evansville-Henderson........................... 154.4 153.2 153.1 153.4 .3 .2
Fort Wayne..................................... 271.0 275.2 267.1 265.8 -1.3 -.5
Gary........................................... 267.2 268.2 262.6 264.2 1.6 .6
Indianapolis................................... 831.0 851.6 824.9 842.8 17.9 2.2
Kokomo......................................... 51.3 53.3 50.7 51.0 .3 .6
Lafayette...................................... 88.4 91.2 87.5 90.7 3.2 3.7
Muncie......................................... 57.0 58.5 55.7 56.2 .5 .9
South Bend..................................... 135.5 136.8 134.0 135.0 1.0 .7
Terre Haute.................................... 66.1 66.0 65.7 65.3 -.4 -.6
Iowa............................................. 1,428.8 1,459.7 1,400.1 1,433.0 32.9 2.3
Cedar Rapids................................... 113.0 114.6 110.2 113.0 2.8 2.5
Des Moines..................................... 275.0 274.9 270.5 272.2 1.7 .6
Dubuque........................................ 51.1 51.9 50.6 51.3 .7 1.4
Iowa City...................................... 65.7 67.1 61.9 63.8 1.9 3.1
Sioux City..................................... 66.0 66.4 65.0 65.7 .7 1.1
Waterloo-Cedar Falls........................... 70.2 71.6 69.9 70.9 1.0 1.4
Kansas........................................... 1,281.4 1,312.7 1,261.3 1,292.4 31.1 2.5
Lawrence....................................... 44.7 45.8 44.1 45.3 1.2 2.7
Topeka......................................... 100.9 102.0 99.2 100.8 1.6 1.6
Wichita........................................ 277.8 283.4 273.1 279.7 6.6 2.4
Kentucky......................................... 1,724.5 1,761.0 1,712.9 1,746.4 33.5 2.0
Lexington...................................... 267.0 276.7 265.0 272.5 7.5 2.8
Louisville..................................... 556.0 575.3 555.2 573.3 18.1 3.3
Owensboro...................................... 43.1 44.1 42.9 44.1 1.2 2.8
Louisiana........................................ 1,854.0 1,890.5 1,845.4 1,882.5 37.1 2.0
Alexandria..................................... 54.3 54.8 53.6 54.6 1.0 1.9
Baton Rouge.................................... 282.1 289.6 280.4 289.0 8.6 3.1
Houma.......................................... 74.2 78.6 74.9 78.1 3.2 4.3
Lafayette...................................... 160.8 164.3 161.2 164.8 3.6 2.2
Lake Charles................................... 84.3 86.0 84.9 86.2 1.3 1.5
Monroe......................................... 67.8 68.3 67.5 67.9 .4 .6
New Orleans.................................... 617.7 620.2 617.2 623.5 6.3 1.0
Shreveport-Bossier City........................ 172.3 173.9 171.8 173.1 1.3 .8
Maine............................................ 564.9 574.7 560.2 569.9 9.7 1.7
Lewiston-Auburn................................ 41.5 42.5 40.6 41.2 .6 1.5
Portland....................................... 141.2 141.3 140.2 141.2 1.0 .7
Maryland......................................... 2,293.6 2,303.9 2,271.6 2,288.2 16.6 .7
Baltimore PMSA................................. 1,174.4 1,189.7 1,167.5 1,182.4 14.9 1.3
Baltimore City................................. 405.7 411.6 408.5 408.4 -.1 .0
Suburban Maryland-D.C.......................... 841.7 851.6 835.1 844.6 9.5 1.1
Massachusetts.................................... 3,150.1 3,239.7 3,113.4 3,205.1 91.7 2.9
Barnstable-Yarmouth............................ 62.1 63.5 65.4 67.0 1.6 2.4
Boston......................................... 1,928.2 1,981.6 1,911.2 1,966.0 54.8 2.9
Brockton....................................... 95.6 97.9 93.6 96.6 3.0 3.2
Fitchburg-Leominster........................... 53.3 54.5 52.7 53.2 .5 .9
Lawrence....................................... 151.7 153.0 148.0 148.9 .9 .6
Lowell......................................... 116.5 121.4 114.8 118.1 3.3 2.9
New Bedford.................................... 64.4 65.8 63.2 64.8 1.6 2.5
Pittsfield..................................... 42.9 44.0 42.8 43.8 1.0 2.3
Springfield.................................... 253.6 259.2 247.3 252.9 5.6 2.3
Worcester...................................... 224.9 229.3 220.9 224.7 3.8 1.7
Michigan......................................... 4,480.3 4,576.7 4,401.9 4,434.6 32.7 .7
Ann Arbor...................................... 263.9 272.3 260.4 263.3 2.9 1.1
Benton Harbor.................................. 71.9 72.6 71.1 71.1 .0 .0
Detroit........................................ 2,093.2 2,151.0 2,055.5 2,068.1 12.6 .6
Flint.......................................... 181.0 178.7 175.6 158.4 -17.2 -9.8
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland.................. 554.4 574.3 549.1 560.0 10.9 2.0
Jackson........................................ 61.4 62.7 60.6 61.4 .8 1.3
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek......................... 209.4 212.1 206.6 206.9 .3 .1
Lansing-East Lansing........................... 228.3 231.4 225.3 218.2 -7.1 -3.2
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland....................... 181.4 184.8 178.9 175.2 -3.7 -2.1
Minnesota........................................ 2,521.5 2,585.8 2,491.8 2,557.5 65.7 2.6
Duluth-Superior................................ 112.0 114.6 111.2 113.5 2.3 2.1
Minneapolis-St. Paul........................... 1,629.2 1,671.1 1,613.6 1,658.6 45.0 2.8
Rochester...................................... 74.4 77.4 73.9 77.1 3.2 4.3
St. Cloud...................................... 83.9 86.6 82.5 84.3 1.8 2.2
Mississippi...................................... 1,106.5 1,123.3 1,099.4 1,112.5 13.1 1.2
Jackson........................................ 221.8 229.2 219.2 225.8 6.6 3.0
Missouri......................................... 2,662.9 2,697.0 2,627.8 2,662.6 34.8 1.3
Kansas City.................................... 926.5 951.6 919.3 943.0 23.7 2.6
St. Louis...................................... 1,301.2 1,313.7 1,286.7 1,301.8 15.1 1.2
Springfield.................................... 160.0 163.4 156.1 159.8 3.7 2.4
Montana.......................................... 370.0 374.9 369.2 372.2 3.0 .8
Nebraska......................................... 863.3 883.3 856.5 874.8 18.3 2.1
Lincoln........................................ 145.8 146.8 145.0 146.8 1.8 1.2
Omaha.......................................... 400.4 415.8 399.0 413.2 14.2 3.6
Nevada........................................... 891.8 930.3 890.2 929.3 39.1 4.4
Las Vegas...................................... 629.7 661.5 627.3 658.8 31.5 5.0
Reno........................................... 178.6 182.0 178.6 183.4 4.8 2.7
New Hampshire.................................... 577.3 580.4 573.8 573.7 -.1 .0
Manchester..................................... 97.1 96.8 95.1 94.1 -1.0 -1.1
Nashua......................................... 92.6 94.9 91.9 91.9 .0 .0
Portsmouth-Rochester........................... 115.0 114.0 115.2 112.6 -2.6 -2.3
New Jersey....................................... 3,780.5 3,855.9 3,751.7 3,823.3 71.6 1.9
Atlantic-Cape May.............................. 191.7 194.5 198.1 200.5 2.4 1.2
Bergen-Passaic................................. 646.1 657.5 636.2 644.0 7.8 1.2
Camden......................................... 473.3 487.7 466.2 481.8 15.6 3.3
Jersey City.................................... 241.3 244.4 240.4 242.2 1.8 .7
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon................... 612.2 631.6 606.3 626.8 20.5 3.4
Monmouth-Ocean................................. 378.0 381.9 377.0 379.9 2.9 .8
Newark......................................... 957.4 975.7 952.5 962.1 9.6 1.0
Trenton........................................ 199.1 199.3 195.2 195.4 .2 .1
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton................... 59.2 60.9 58.1 59.3 1.2 2.1
New Mexico....................................... 712.8 723.0 707.2 718.0 10.8 1.5
Albuquerque.................................... 335.2 341.5 333.2 338.8 5.6 1.7
Las Cruces..................................... 50.0 51.6 49.1 50.5 1.4 2.9
Santa Fe....................................... 71.9 74.4 72.8 74.4 1.6 2.2
New York......................................... 8,101.4 8,236.2 8,026.8 8,140.9 114.1 1.4
Albany-Schenectady-Troy........................ 436.0 438.0 426.5 430.7 4.2 1.0
Binghamton..................................... 113.8 115.8 111.6 113.3 1.7 1.5
Buffalo-Niagara Falls.......................... 550.1 551.9 543.2 535.0 -8.2 -1.5
Dutchess County................................ 107.8 109.8 105.8 108.0 2.2 2.1
Elmira......................................... 43.3 43.3 42.0 42.5 .5 1.2
Glens Falls.................................... 52.9 53.6 53.3 54.1 .8 1.5
Nassau-Suffolk................................. 1,136.0 1,161.7 1,117.2 1,141.7 24.5 2.2
New York PMSA.................................. 3,939.0 4,032.3 3,917.2 4,010.9 93.7 2.4
New York City.................................. 3,422.5 3,503.3 3,405.1 3,486.8 81.7 2.4
Newburgh....................................... 122.7 123.5 121.8 122.5 .7 .6
Rochester...................................... 538.5 534.6 528.7 521.0 -7.7 -1.5
Rockland County................................ 101.7 106.9 100.8 106.0 5.2 5.2
Syracuse....................................... 339.5 339.7 334.4 334.4 .0 .0
Utica-Rome..................................... 128.8 130.0 128.4 130.7 2.3 1.8
Westchester County............................. 394.3 400.7 390.6 396.4 5.8 1.5
North Carolina................................... 3,696.6 3,758.8 3,629.7 3,690.0 60.3 1.7
Asheville...................................... 108.8 110.7 106.6 108.3 1.7 1.6
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill................... 760.2 767.3 748.6 756.5 7.9 1.1
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point.......... 636.9 638.4 622.5 623.7 1.2 .2
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill..................... 615.9 637.9 607.7 629.8 22.1 3.6
North Dakota..................................... 315.1 322.5 313.1 318.4 5.3 1.7
Bismarck....................................... 49.6 50.4 49.0 49.8 .8 1.6
Fargo-Moorhead................................. 95.3 98.2 95.1 97.2 2.1 2.2
Grand Forks.................................... 46.2 48.1 46.4 47.9 1.5 3.2
Ohio............................................. 5,453.1 5,516.3 5,378.1 5,421.0 42.9 .8
Akron.......................................... 322.6 326.0 320.0 324.6 4.6 1.4
Canton-Massillon............................... 182.5 186.7 182.4 186.2 3.8 2.1
Cincinnati..................................... 852.8 877.1 847.9 871.6 23.7 2.8
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria........................ 1,153.8 1,177.5 1,143.7 1,164.9 21.2 1.9
Columbus....................................... 823.0 846.3 820.1 838.9 18.8 2.3
Dayton-Springfield............................. 476.7 477.7 469.5 465.9 -3.6 -.8
Hamilton-Middletown............................ 117.0 118.3 114.8 115.7 .9 .8
Lima........................................... 78.6 78.8 77.5 78.1 .6 .8
Mansfield...................................... 81.0 79.8 80.4 78.4 -2.0 -2.5
Steubenville-Weirton........................... 48.9 52.0 48.2 51.1 2.9 6.0
Toledo......................................... 317.7 314.8 307.4 304.1 -3.3 -1.1
Youngstown-Warren.............................. 250.5 252.3 246.5 239.7 -6.8 -2.8
Oklahoma......................................... 1,387.0 1,428.1 1,377.1 1,413.1 36.0 2.6
Enid........................................... 24.7 25.5 24.4 25.1 .7 2.9
Lawton......................................... 37.4 37.7 36.2 36.7 .5 1.4
Oklahoma City.................................. 499.7 511.2 492.2 502.3 10.1 2.1
Tulsa.......................................... 373.0 386.6 373.0 386.3 13.3 3.6
Oregon........................................... 1,539.0 1,576.4 1,523.6 1,561.0 37.4 2.5
Eugene-Springfield............................. 139.3 141.6 135.0 137.6 2.6 1.9
Medford-Ashland................................ 68.3 70.1 67.4 69.2 1.8 2.7
Portland-Vancouver............................. 921.8 947.9 917.8 941.5 23.7 2.6
Salem.......................................... 132.2 134.6 131.9 133.9 2.0 1.5
Pennsylvania..................................... 5,428.7 5,479.8 5,377.2 5,440.5 63.3 1.2
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton..................... 267.7 268.3 264.4 265.3 .9 .3
Altoona........................................ 58.6 59.3 58.1 59.1 1.0 1.7
Erie........................................... 128.8 130.1 128.5 129.9 1.4 1.1
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle.................... 352.8 358.5 349.0 355.8 6.8 1.9
Johnstown...................................... 88.6 89.3 87.4 88.0 .6 .7
Lancaster...................................... 214.1 217.7 212.2 215.7 3.5 1.6
Philadelphia PMSA.............................. 2,266.3 2,284.0 2,247.9 2,280.1 32.2 1.4
Philadelphia City.............................. 662.2 663.7 663.6 670.2 6.6 1.0
Pittsburgh..................................... 1,082.0 1,081.5 1,069.8 1,073.9 4.1 .4
Reading........................................ 166.2 166.5 163.0 162.0 -1.0 -.6
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton............... 276.1 279.3 273.9 277.2 3.3 1.2
Sharon......................................... 47.4 48.4 46.7 48.0 1.3 2.8
State College.................................. 64.2 66.3 65.2 66.4 1.2 1.8
Williamsport................................... 53.2 53.7 53.0 53.8 .8 1.5
York........................................... 163.3 164.4 161.8 162.5 .7 .4
Rhode Island..................................... 455.3 459.2 443.8 449.0 5.2 1.2
Providence-Fall River-Warwick.................. 509.3 511.3 496.5 497.8 1.3 .3
South Carolina................................... 1,738.5 1,821.2 1,720.2 1,789.1 68.9 4.0
Charleston-North Charleston.................... 224.0 236.5 221.7 233.0 11.3 5.1
Columbia....................................... 281.7 293.3 279.4 290.2 10.8 3.9
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson................ 461.9 477.5 455.2 469.3 14.1 3.1
South Dakota..................................... 362.1 367.5 359.4 363.0 3.6 1.0
Rapid City..................................... 48.8 48.7 48.8 48.6 -.2 -.4
Sioux Falls.................................... 104.6 109.1 103.2 107.5 4.3 4.2
Tennessee........................................ 2,596.8 2,628.3 2,575.5 2,608.4 32.9 1.3
Chattanooga.................................... 221.5 222.0 220.6 222.5 1.9 .9
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol................. 200.6 200.4 199.7 198.6 -1.1 -.6
Knoxville...................................... 323.2 322.6 319.0 318.4 -.6 -.2
Memphis........................................ 555.7 558.3 552.3 555.8 3.5 .6
Nashville...................................... 631.1 638.9 623.7 633.4 9.7 1.6
Texas............................................ 8,624.2 8,892.1 8,608.6 8,878.6 270.0 3.1
Abilene........................................ 54.7 56.2 54.6 56.0 1.4 2.6
Amarillo....................................... 92.9 95.1 92.9 94.8 1.9 2.0
Austin-San Marcos.............................. 563.6 587.8 560.7 586.9 26.2 4.7
Beaumont-Port Arthur........................... 156.5 160.5 155.5 159.2 3.7 2.4
Brazoria....................................... 72.8 74.5 72.6 73.9 1.3 1.8
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito............... 97.6 100.9 97.3 99.7 2.4 2.5
Bryan-College Station.......................... 64.6 65.9 65.8 66.8 1.0 1.5
Corpus Christi................................. 154.4 158.2 153.5 157.6 4.1 2.7
Dallas......................................... 1,765.6 1,841.5 1,764.6 1,840.9 76.3 4.3
El Paso........................................ 243.8 250.5 244.0 250.5 6.5 2.7
Ft. Worth-Arlington............................ 710.4 734.4 706.4 730.2 23.8 3.4
Galveston-Texas City........................... 88.6 90.6 88.0 90.0 2.0 2.3
Houston........................................ 1,894.4 1,975.1 1,892.9 1,974.5 81.6 4.3
Killeen-Temple................................. 97.9 101.4 97.2 100.0 2.8 2.9
Laredo......................................... 60.1 62.2 59.9 61.0 1.1 1.8
Longview-Marshall.............................. 88.8 90.4 88.3 89.8 1.5 1.7
Lubbock........................................ 112.0 116.4 112.1 115.6 3.5 3.1
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission....................... 133.6 140.6 132.3 138.2 5.9 4.5
Odessa Midland................................. 103.4 106.4 102.7 106.1 3.4 3.3
San Angelo..................................... 44.0 43.4 42.6 43.2 .6 1.4
San Antonio.................................... 665.2 687.4 662.1 685.0 22.9 3.5
Sherman-Denison................................ 43.8 43.9 43.3 43.4 .1 .2
Texarkana...................................... 51.4 52.1 51.0 51.8 .8 1.6
Tyler.......................................... 77.5 80.0 77.1 79.2 2.1 2.7
Victoria....................................... 35.4 36.7 35.4 36.5 1.1 3.1
Waco........................................... 95.4 97.4 94.6 96.7 2.1 2.2
Wichita Falls.................................. 59.8 60.4 58.6 59.9 1.3 2.2
Utah............................................. 999.2 1,031.5 989.6 1,016.2 26.6 2.7
Provo-Orem..................................... 132.6 136.6 130.9 134.7 3.8 2.9
Salt Lake City-Ogden........................... 673.1 695.7 669.2 687.8 18.6 2.8
Vermont.......................................... 278.9 282.9 274.9 279.2 4.3 1.6
Barre-Montpelier............................... 30.5 31.5 29.1 30.7 1.6 5.5
Burlington..................................... 98.2 100.1 96.5 100.0 3.5 3.6
Virginia......................................... 3,260.6 3,347.3 3,222.5 3,325.4 102.9 3.2
Bristol........................................ 37.8 36.7 36.5 36.1 -.4 -1.1
Charlottesville................................ 81.1 84.1 80.0 82.0 2.0 2.5
Danville....................................... 45.5 46.0 44.1 44.6 .5 1.1
Lynchburg...................................... 96.4 96.9 95.6 95.8 .2 .2
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News............ 673.5 681.7 664.2 673.6 9.4 1.4
Northern Virginia.............................. 1,008.5 1,049.7 1,002.6 1,046.8 44.2 4.4
Richmond-Petersburg............................ 529.0 540.3 521.1 533.8 12.7 2.4
Roanoke........................................ 142.3 141.8 138.6 140.4 1.8 1.3
Washington....................................... 2,548.3 2,620.0 2,524.6 2,601.1 76.5 3.0
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett....................... 1,308.0 1,367.9 1,301.9 1,365.1 63.2 4.9
Spokane........................................ 187.5 190.4 183.8 186.2 2.4 1.3
Tacoma......................................... 231.2 237.7 228.7 236.8 8.1 3.5
West Virginia.................................... 713.1 721.0 712.8 721.6 8.8 1.2
Charleston..................................... 131.5 134.5 132.4 135.1 2.7 2.0
Huntington-Ashland............................. 121.4 122.0 120.0 120.3 .3 .3
Parkersburg-Marietta........................... 70.7 70.4 70.0 69.1 -.9 -1.3
Wheeling....................................... 66.0 67.1 66.8 68.3 1.5 2.2
Wisconsin........................................ 2,691.7 2,751.0 2,667.5 2,719.9 52.4 2.0
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah........................ 195.9 201.9 194.2 199.8 5.6 2.9
Eau Claire..................................... 72.6 74.0 71.9 73.4 1.5 2.1
Green Bay...................................... 135.7 136.5 133.8 135.8 2.0 1.5
Janesville-Beloit.............................. 70.1 70.3 69.6 64.8 -4.8 -6.9
Kenosha........................................ 50.6 52.0 49.1 50.3 1.2 2.4
La Crosse...................................... 68.0 69.0 67.0 68.1 1.1 1.6
Madison........................................ 269.0 274.8 267.2 273.9 6.7 2.5
Milwaukee-Waukesha............................. 836.1 856.4 826.5 846.4 19.9 2.4
Racine......................................... 81.9 84.8 81.4 83.6 2.2 2.7
Sheboygan...................................... 59.7 59.8 59.2 58.8 -.4 -.7
Wausau......................................... 65.5 66.6 65.1 66.3 1.2 1.8
Wyoming.......................................... 234.0 235.3 231.2 232.8 1.6 .7
Casper......................................... 30.7 31.2 30.1 30.7 .6 2.0
Puerto Rico...................................... 1,000.7 1 987.5 1 1 1
Caguas......................................... 67.3 1 64.9 1 1 1
Mayaguez....................................... 72.3 1 69.6 1 1 1
Ponce.......................................... 80.0 1 77.5 1 1 1
San Juan-Bayamon............................... 619.2 1 615.2 1 1 1
Virgin Islands................................... 41.5 1 42.4 1 1 1
p = preliminary.
1 Not available.
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to March 1997 bechmark levels. Estimates
subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available.