Full text of December 1999 : Text File, USDL 00-33
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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm
Technical information: USDL 00-33
Employment (202) 606-6559
Unemployment 606-6392
Media contact: 606-5902 For release: 10:00 A.M. EST
Wednesday, February 2, 2000
METROPOLITAN AREA EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT: DECEMBER 1999
In December, 206 metropolitan areas reported unemployment rates below
the U.S. average (3.7 percent, not seasonally adjusted), while 114 areas
registered higher rates, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today. Thirty-two metropolitan areas had
rates below 2.0 percent, with 15 of these located in the Midwest, 10 in the
South, and 5 in New England. Of the nine areas with jobless rates over
10.0 percent, eight were in the West.
Metropolitan Area Unemployment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)
In December, 143 metropolitan areas reported unemployment rates below
3.0 percent, while 31 areas had rates of at least 6.0 percent. Columbia,
Mo., again recorded the lowest jobless rate (0.9 percent), followed by
Charlottsville, Va., and Madison, Wis. (both 1.2 percent). The highest
unemployment rates were in Yuma, Ariz. (18.8 percent), Visalia-Tulare-
Porterville, Calif. (15.0 percent), McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Tex. (14.3
percent), and Merced, Calif. (13.5 percent). (See table 1 and the chart.)
Over the year, 160 metropolitan areas posted reductions in their
jobless rates that matched or exceeded the -0.3 percentage point decline in
the national rate. The two areas experiencing the largest over-the-year
decreases were in Texas: McAllen-Edinburg-Mission (-3.6 percentage points)
and Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito (-3.3 points). Seven additional
areas--four of them in California--recorded rate declines of 2.0 percentage
points or more; another 31 areas had decreases of at least 1.0 point. The
largest over-the-year rate increase was reported in Mansfield, Ohio (1.5
percentage points), followed by Anniston, Ala. (1.4 points). Six other
areas had increases of 1.0 percentage point. Altogether, 216 metropolitan
areas posted lower rates than in December 1998, 88 had higher rates, and 25
were unchanged.
Of the 51 largest metropolitan areas--those with a 1990 census
population of 1 million or more--40 recorded unemployment rates below the
U.S. average in December, while 9 had rates above it. Within this group,
the lowest rates were in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn.-Wis. (1.6 percent),
and San Francisco, Calif. (1.8 percent). The highest rates among these
large areas continued to be in Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif., and New
York, N.Y. (both 5.2 percent), and Miami, Fla. (5.0 percent). Compared
with last December, the largest decreases in jobless rates occurred in New
York, N.Y. (-1.6 percentage points), and Miami, Fla. (-1.1 points). Two
areas in California had over-the-year declines of 1.0 point--Los Angeles-
Long Beach and San Jose. For the fifth consecutive month, the largest over-
the-year increase was recorded in Houston, Tex. (0.5 percentage point).
- 2 -
Metropolitan Area Nonfarm Employment (Not Seasonally Adjusted)
Among the 272 metropolitan areas for which December nonfarm payroll
data were available, 240 had over-the-year increases in employment, 28 had
declines, and 4 had no change. The largest employment increases occurred
in Atlanta, Ga. (113,600), New York, N.Y. (105,600), and Los Angeles-Long
Beach, Calif. (72,700). The largest over-the-year percentage increases
occurred in Las Vegas, Nev.-Ariz. (6.3 percent), Atlanta, Ga., and Tucson,
Ariz. (5.4 percent each), and Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla. (5.3
percent). (See table 2.)
The largest over-the-year employment declines occurred in Flint, Mich.
(-6,200), Omaha, Neb. (-5,400), and Gary, Ind. (-3,300). Flint, Mich., had
the largest over-the-year percentage decrease in employment (-3.4 percent),
followed by Elmira, N.Y. (-1.8 percent), and Houma, La. (-1.7 percent).
Over the year, nonfarm employment grew in all 37 metropolitan areas
with employment levels of more than 750,000. Of these areas, Atlanta, Ga.,
had the largest over-the-year growth rate (5.4 percent), followed by Tampa-
St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla. (5.3 percent), and Orlando, Fla. (4.4
percent).
Over the year, employment growth in services and trade remained strong,
with increases in 234 and 221 metropolitan areas, respectively. In
contrast, manufacturing employment decreased in 137 areas.
------------------------------
The Regional and State Employment and Unemployment release for January
is scheduled to be issued on March 2. The Metropolitan Area Employment and
Unemployment release for January is scheduled to be issued on March 14.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Note: Effective with the release of data for January 2000, |
|labor force estimates for all states, the District of Columbia, |
|the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area, and New York City |
|will be revised to incorporate updated population controls, reesti- |
|mation of models, and benchmarking to CPS annual averages. Labor |
|force estimates for the remaining metropolitan areas will be revised|
|to reflect updated inputs and the new statewide estimates. Data |
|back to 1997 are subject to revision. All nonfarm payroll employ- |
|ment estimates for states and areas will be adjusted to 1999 bench- |
|mark levels, with the exception of data for New Jersey. Data back |
|to April 1998 are subject to revision. |
| |
| In addition, labor force estimates for the recently designated |
|Auburn-Opelika, Ala., and Corvallis, Ore., metropolitan areas will |
|be added to table 1. |
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Technical Note
This release presents labor force and unemployment data from
the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (table 1)
for 335 metropolitan areas, including those in Puerto Rico. Nonfarm
payroll employment estimates from the Current Employment Statistics
(CES) program (table 2) are provided for over 270 of these areas.
State estimates were previously published in the news release,
Regional and State Employment and Unemployment, and are republished
in this release for ease of reference. The LAUS and CES programs
are both Federal-State cooperative endeavors.
Labor force and unemployment-from the LAUS program
Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based
on the same concepts and definitions as those used for the
official national estimates obtained from the Current Population
Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households that is conducted for
the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the Bureau of the Census.
The labor force includes both the employed and the unemployed.
Employed persons are those who did any work at all for pay or
profit in the survey reference week (the week including the 12th
of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family
business or farm, plus those not working who have a job from which
they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such
reasons as labor-management dispute, illness, or vacation.
Unemployed persons are those who did not work at all (in the
reference week), have actively looked for a job (sometime in the
4-week period ending with the survey reference week), and are
currently available for work; persons on layoff expecting recall
need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed.
Method of estimation. Effective January 1996, estimates for
all states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach
metropolitan area, and New York City are produced using estimating
equations based on regression techniques. For all other sub-state
areas, estimates are prepared through indirect estimation
procedures. Employment estimates, which are based largely on
''place of work'' estimates from the CES program, are adjusted to
refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Unemployment
estimates are aggregates of persons previously employed in
industries covered by state unemployment (UI) laws and entrants to
the labor force data from the CPS. The sub-state estimates of
employment and unemployment which geographically exhaust the
entire state, are adjusted proportionally to ensure that they add
to the independently estimated state totals. A detailed
description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS
upon request.
Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data shown
for the prior year reflect adjustments made at the end of each
year, usually with January estimates. The adjusted estimates
reflect updated population data from the Bureau of the Census and
any revisions in the other data sources. In addition, data for
all states, the District of Columbia, and the two large sub-state
areas noted are adjusted annually to equal the CPS annual
averages, usually effective with January estimates. All other sub-
state estimates are adjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked)
state estimates.
Employment-from the CES program
Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on
establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay
period which includes the 12th of the month, except for federal
government employment, which represents the number of persons who
occupied positions on the last day of the month. Persons are
counted at their place of work rather than at their place of
residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on
each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their
principal product or activity in accordance with the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification Manual.
Method of estimation. The employment data are estimated
using a "link relative" technique in which a ratio (link relative)
of current-month employment to that of the previous month is
computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both
months. The estimates of employment for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by
these ratios.
Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually
to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived
principally from tax reports which are submitted by employers who
are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The
benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates
between the new benchmark and the preceding one and also to
establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month.
Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of
employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month
changes in the level for the subsequent months.
Reliability of the estimates
The estimates presented in this release are based on sample
survey and administrative data and thus are subject to sampling
and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of
sampling variability--that is, variation that occurs by chance
because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed.
Survey data are also subject to nonsampling errors, such as those
which can be introduced into the data collection and processing
operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys
are subject to additional errors resulting from the special
estimation processes used. The sums of individual items may not
always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of
rounding. With respect to the LAUS program, unemployment rates
are computed, in most instances, from unrounded data rather than
from data that may be displayed in the tables; differences,
however, are generally insignificant.
Labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling
error, in the form of the standard errors for state annual average
estimates derived from the CPS, are available in the annual BLS
bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Error measures cannot be computed for sub-state areas because of
the special estimation processes used. Measures of nonsampling
error for CPS data are not available, but additional information
on the subject is provided in the BLS monthly periodical,
Employment and Earnings.
Employment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not
available for state CES data, but the relatively large size of the
samples maintained by the state agencies and the annual adjustment
of employment estimates to more recent benchmark levels assure a
high degree of accuracy. Information on recent benchmark
revisions for states is available upon request.
Area definitions. The sub-state area data published in this
release reflect the standards and definitions established by the
U.S. Office of Management and Budget, dated June 30, 1996. A
detailed list of the geographic definitions is published annually
in the May issue of Employment and Earnings.
Additional information
More complete information on the technical procedures used to
develop these estimates and additional data appear in Employment
and Earnings, which is available by subscription for $40.00 a year
from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC 20402 (telephone 202-512-1800).
Estimates of unadjusted and seasonally adjusted labor force
and unemployment data for states, census regions and divisions,
and two areas are available in the news release, Regional and
State Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of labor force and
unemplopment for all states, metropolitan areas, labor market areas,
counties, cities with a population of 25,000 or more, and other
areas used in the administration of various federal economic
assistance programs are available from the BLS Internet at
(http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm). Employment data from the CES
program are available at (http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm).
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-5886;
TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
State and area Number Percent of labor force
November December November December November December
1998 1999 1998 1999p 1998 1999 1998 1999p 1998 1999 1998 1999p
Alabama................. 2,170.0 2,180.1 2,161.5 2,176.9 85.0 90.9 71.8 88.5 3.9 4.2 3.3 4.1
Anniston.............. 55.3 55.6 55.0 55.5 2.5 2.7 1.8 2.6 4.5 4.9 3.3 4.7
Birmingham............ 479.4 480.6 478.6 479.9 12.6 13.5 10.4 12.4 2.6 2.8 2.2 2.6
Decatur............... 72.8 74.2 72.8 74.3 2.7 3.2 2.4 3.2 3.8 4.3 3.3 4.3
Dothan................ 66.2 67.6 66.4 67.7 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.4 3.3 3.5 2.7 3.5
Florence.............. 69.4 69.3 69.1 70.1 4.3 3.7 3.4 4.0 6.2 5.4 5.0 5.7
Gadsden............... 50.8 50.1 50.4 49.9 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 5.5 5.1 4.6 4.4
Huntsville............ 172.8 173.2 172.5 172.6 4.5 4.7 4.2 4.6 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.7
Mobile................ 274.4 279.9 273.4 279.8 9.7 11.7 8.1 11.2 3.5 4.2 3.0 4.0
Montgomery............ 165.0 170.6 164.5 170.7 4.6 5.9 3.9 5.6 2.8 3.5 2.4 3.3
Tuscaloosa............ 85.1 86.7 85.2 86.7 2.0 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.4 1.9 2.3
Alaska.................. 313.7 314.5 310.5 311.9 17.4 18.2 18.2 18.3 5.5 5.8 5.9 5.9
Anchorage............. 143.8 144.5 144.5 145.3 5.4 5.9 5.3 5.7 3.7 4.1 3.6 3.9
Arizona................. 2,340.0 2,434.1 2,347.2 2,436.5 87.5 91.1 85.5 90.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.7
Flagstaff............. 60.6 63.1 59.6 64.6 3.8 3.3 4.1 3.9 6.2 5.2 6.8 6.0
Phoenix-Mesa.......... 1,560.1 1,609.2 1,569.5 1,614.6 41.6 43.7 41.3 44.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8
Tucson................ 383.6 410.0 385.0 410.1 9.2 12.9 9.0 13.5 2.4 3.2 2.3 3.3
Yuma.................. 65.1 68.2 63.1 64.5 14.9 15.2 12.7 12.1 22.9 22.4 20.1 18.8
Arkansas................ 1,241.8 1,255.6 1,247.5 1,248.7 60.4 48.7 65.2 54.4 4.9 3.9 5.2 4.4
Fayetteville-Springda-
le-Rogers.......... 143.3 150.2 143.8 148.8 3.9 3.1 4.0 3.3 2.7 2.1 2.8 2.2
Fort Smith............ 97.3 97.2 97.3 96.6 4.6 3.3 4.7 3.5 4.7 3.4 4.9 3.7
Jonesboro............. 42.5 43.2 42.6 43.1 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 3.7 3.1 3.6 3.6
Little Rock-North
Little Rock........ 302.2 306.2 303.6 304.7 10.2 8.9 10.4 9.4 3.4 2.9 3.4 3.1
Pine Bluff............ 36.6 37.1 37.3 37.0 2.7 2.3 3.1 2.4 7.4 6.2 8.4 6.5
California.............. 16,446.2 16,680.9 16,350.0 16,700.5 933.2 784.1 900.3 762.0 5.7 4.7 5.5 4.6
Bakersfield........... 280.7 284.3 279.9 285.9 35.6 29.6 34.0 30.7 12.7 10.4 12.2 10.7
Chico-Paradise........ 87.6 86.6 87.1 86.4 5.9 4.6 6.2 5.1 6.7 5.4 7.1 5.9
Fresno................ 415.3 420.2 422.1 426.3 59.4 53.2 59.0 53.9 14.3 12.7 14.0 12.6
Los Angeles-Long Beach 4,692.3 4,709.3 4,627.6 4,704.9 303.5 261.0 288.4 245.3 6.5 5.5 6.2 5.2
Merced................ 85.2 84.1 84.0 83.5 11.9 10.2 12.6 11.2 14.0 12.2 15.0 13.5
Modesto............... 199.9 199.3 197.6 198.8 22.6 18.5 22.1 18.4 11.3 9.3 11.2 9.2
Oakland............... 1,204.9 1,239.1 1,198.8 1,239.6 42.3 33.5 39.2 30.4 3.5 2.7 3.3 2.5
Orange County......... 1,449.2 1,495.1 1,448.9 1,502.8 39.2 35.3 35.7 31.9 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.1
Redding............... 71.6 71.3 70.7 71.0 5.5 4.1 5.9 4.5 7.7 5.8 8.4 6.4
Riverside-San
Bernardino......... 1,401.7 1,446.6 1,397.7 1,450.9 78.9 66.4 69.1 59.6 5.6 4.6 4.9 4.1
Sacramento............ 763.4 786.0 763.2 789.0 31.8 28.0 30.9 26.3 4.2 3.6 4.0 3.3
Salinas............... 184.9 189.8 185.0 188.6 17.6 14.3 27.2 23.0 9.5 7.6 14.7 12.2
San Diego............. 1,333.7 1,354.6 1,327.1 1,351.2 44.2 37.4 40.0 33.6 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.5
San Francisco......... 954.7 962.2 956.0 967.5 24.8 19.4 22.6 17.5 2.6 2.0 2.4 1.8
San Jose.............. 963.9 969.5 961.9 971.9 32.9 22.8 30.1 20.2 3.4 2.3 3.1 2.1
San Luis
Obispo-Atascadero-
Paso Robles........ 109.5 110.8 108.8 109.9 4.1 3.3 4.0 3.3 3.8 2.9 3.7 3.0
Santa Barbara-Santa
Maria-Lompoc....... 196.4 198.9 195.3 198.7 8.5 7.0 9.2 7.6 4.3 3.5 4.7 3.8
Santa Cruz-Watsonville 140.6 140.0 139.2 140.0 9.4 6.6 11.7 9.2 6.7 4.7 8.4 6.6
Santa Rosa............ 249.5 256.6 250.5 257.5 6.7 5.9 6.7 5.6 2.7 2.3 2.7 2.2
Stockton-Lodi......... 248.6 247.9 245.3 246.6 24.9 19.9 25.2 20.6 10.0 8.0 10.3 8.4
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa 245.1 250.1 243.7 248.9 11.2 9.5 11.1 9.1 4.6 3.8 4.6 3.7
Ventura............... 391.5 399.1 391.6 401.5 23.5 19.3 20.5 17.2 6.0 4.8 5.2 4.3
Visalia-Tulare-Porter-
ville.............. 164.6 166.7 163.6 170.5 27.3 24.0 26.7 25.7 16.6 14.4 16.3 15.0
Yolo.................. 87.9 89.6 85.5 88.3 4.3 3.6 4.8 4.0 4.9 4.0 5.7 4.5
Yuba City............. 54.8 56.3 55.3 56.3 7.6 6.6 8.0 6.8 13.8 11.6 14.6 12.1
Colorado................ 2,275.1 2,299.5 2,253.6 2,284.2 76.0 60.6 66.6 57.8 3.3 2.6 3.0 2.5
Boulder-Longmont...... 176.6 180.2 174.3 177.2 5.2 4.4 4.4 4.0 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.3
Colorado Springs...... 259.1 261.9 255.2 258.5 10.1 7.9 8.8 7.5 3.9 3.0 3.4 2.9
Denver................ 1,143.8 1,158.0 1,132.3 1,152.0 30.8 25.6 27.4 24.9 2.7 2.2 2.4 2.2
Fort Collins-Loveland. 144.4 146.7 142.1 145.1 5.3 4.0 4.6 3.7 3.7 2.7 3.2 2.5
Grand Junction........ 59.2 59.4 58.8 59.6 2.4 1.8 2.5 1.9 4.1 3.1 4.2 3.3
Greeley............... 85.9 85.4 83.2 83.9 3.5 2.7 3.0 2.5 4.0 3.1 3.6 3.0
Pueblo................ 62.3 61.6 61.6 61.6 3.8 2.7 3.5 2.7 6.1 4.4 5.7 4.4
Connecticut............. 1,715.0 1,716.2 1,706.7 1,704.1 50.1 45.6 47.7 39.5 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.3
Bridgeport............ 219.5 217.8 219.6 217.4 7.9 7.0 7.5 6.0 3.6 3.2 3.4 2.8
Danbury............... 110.5 110.4 110.9 110.4 2.2 1.9 2.1 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.5
Hartford.............. 582.6 584.3 579.4 579.4 17.1 16.2 16.6 14.4 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.5
New Haven-Meriden..... 274.2 274.4 271.3 271.0 8.1 7.3 7.6 6.2 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.3
New London-Norwich.... 152.2 154.3 150.9 152.7 4.9 4.4 4.5 3.9 3.2 2.8 3.0 2.5
Stamford-Norwalk...... 193.7 193.3 192.7 192.7 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.1 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.6
Waterbury............. 115.4 115.2 115.4 114.7 3.9 3.5 3.9 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.4 2.6
Delaware................ 399.9 400.0 399.3 398.7 12.1 11.7 10.7 11.7 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9
Dover................. 70.3 70.4 69.9 70.0 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.1 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.9
Wilmington-Newark..... 298.5 299.7 300.3 299.6 8.8 8.4 7.9 8.3 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.8
District of Columbia.... 263.8 274.8 261.7 274.1 21.0 15.6 18.8 15.1 8.0 5.7 7.2 5.5
Washington............ 2,596.8 2,656.7 2,601.7 2,648.3 74.0 62.6 66.3 57.0 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.2
Florida................. 7,360.2 7,547.0 7,375.1 7,502.4 310.9 303.2 282.2 256.2 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.4
Daytona Beach......... 190.7 195.7 191.1 193.9 6.3 6.3 6.4 5.4 3.3 3.2 3.3 2.8
Fort Lauderdale....... 767.6 780.4 770.5 776.2 34.4 33.1 31.7 28.6 4.5 4.2 4.1 3.7
Fort Myers-Cape Coral. 176.7 180.5 177.6 179.4 4.9 5.1 4.5 4.3 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.4
Fort Pierce-Port St.
Lucie.............. 122.9 124.5 122.5 122.4 10.4 10.3 8.8 7.9 8.5 8.3 7.2 6.5
Fort Walton Beach..... 79.5 83.4 79.7 82.4 2.5 3.1 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.7 3.3 3.4
Gainesville........... 104.3 107.6 104.4 106.8 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.9
Jacksonville.......... 539.2 555.8 540.1 550.8 15.8 18.1 14.6 15.4 2.9 3.3 2.7 2.8
Lakeland-Winter Haven. 200.9 203.7 200.1 201.8 10.0 10.0 8.1 7.7 5.0 4.9 4.1 3.8
Melbourne-Titusville-
Palm Bay........... 208.2 212.3 207.7 209.9 9.5 8.7 8.6 7.4 4.6 4.1 4.1 3.5
Miami................. 1,057.1 1,054.6 1,048.3 1,041.6 69.8 61.9 64.0 51.7 6.6 5.9 6.1 5.0
Naples................ 95.4 101.7 96.9 101.7 3.7 3.9 2.9 2.9 3.9 3.8 3.0 2.8
Ocala................. 98.6 101.2 98.8 100.8 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.4 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.4
Orlando............... 858.7 887.7 862.8 885.2 25.1 25.7 22.7 22.1 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.5
Panama City........... 64.8 66.4 64.8 66.3 5.2 4.9 5.1 5.2 8.0 7.4 7.9 7.8
Pensacola............. 174.2 179.1 174.6 177.8 6.4 7.3 6.1 6.2 3.7 4.1 3.5 3.5
Punta Gorda........... 45.0 46.0 45.4 45.9 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.2 3.3 3.4 3.0 2.7
Sarasota-Bradenton.... 265.4 273.5 266.4 271.5 6.1 6.3 5.5 5.1 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.9
Tallahassee........... 148.8 151.0 148.5 149.9 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.4 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.2
Tampa-St.
Petersburg-Clearwa-
ter................ 1,198.5 1,253.8 1,206.9 1,252.9 34.6 36.9 32.1 32.6 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6
West Palm Beach-Boca
Raton.............. 523.6 542.9 527.8 542.2 27.8 25.9 24.3 21.2 5.3 4.8 4.6 3.9
Georgia................. 4,056.9 4,137.5 4,037.6 4,135.0 152.6 142.0 145.0 132.8 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.2
Albany................ 57.0 54.2 56.2 53.8 4.5 3.1 4.1 3.1 7.9 5.8 7.4 5.7
Athens................ 72.9 72.4 72.0 71.5 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.0
Atlanta............... 2,120.1 2,130.6 2,101.5 2,123.2 63.2 60.3 59.7 55.9 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.6
Augusta-Aiken......... 204.1 199.6 201.2 197.2 9.8 9.6 8.8 8.7 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.4
Columbus.............. 125.0 124.7 123.7 123.5 5.4 5.8 5.1 5.6 4.4 4.7 4.1 4.5
Macon................. 151.8 145.6 149.5 143.7 7.2 5.9 6.7 5.3 4.8 4.0 4.5 3.7
Savannah.............. 134.2 130.2 132.0 128.3 6.2 4.5 5.7 4.1 4.7 3.5 4.3 3.2
Hawaii.................. 602.4 601.1 602.2 601.3 35.6 31.3 32.4 26.3 5.9 5.2 5.4 4.4
Honolulu.............. 434.0 430.1 434.0 430.0 22.7 20.2 20.2 16.7 5.2 4.7 4.6 3.9
Idaho................... 662.8 657.8 662.0 655.2 29.5 28.1 34.2 30.2 4.4 4.3 5.2 4.6
Boise City............ 229.9 230.4 229.3 229.3 7.6 7.6 8.3 7.4 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.2
Pocatello............. 42.1 41.6 41.7 40.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 4.5 4.5 4.8 4.7
Illinois................ 6,262.4 6,389.7 6,254.9 6,379.7 256.0 250.3 257.6 258.0 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0
Bloomington-Normal.... 87.4 88.6 86.9 88.7 1.6 1.9 1.6 2.2 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.4
Champaign-Urbana...... 95.6 97.0 94.6 96.9 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.2
Chicago............... 4,200.2 4,309.7 4,203.8 4,309.3 166.6 162.0 166.5 165.7 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.8
Davenport-Moline-Rock
Island............. 186.0 187.0 185.6 187.3 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.9 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.7
Decatur............... 57.5 58.2 57.2 58.4 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.8 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.8
Kankakee.............. 52.8 53.4 52.4 53.3 2.9 2.4 2.9 2.6 5.5 4.5 5.5 4.8
Peoria-Pekin.......... 185.3 189.0 183.6 186.9 6.2 7.8 6.0 7.2 3.3 4.1 3.3 3.8
Rockford.............. 193.8 198.8 194.1 197.9 7.9 8.0 9.1 8.9 4.1 4.0 4.7 4.5
Springfield........... 107.0 108.3 106.6 107.6 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.4
Indiana................. 3,119.7 3,104.9 3,111.5 3,087.8 88.0 85.8 90.7 88.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9
Bloomington........... 62.7 62.0 62.1 61.6 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.2 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.0
Elkhart-Goshen........ 95.8 96.2 95.7 95.6 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4
Evansville-Henderson.. 159.8 161.0 159.3 159.2 5.0 4.5 5.0 4.6 3.1 2.8 3.1 2.9
Fort Wayne............ 267.9 265.5 267.2 263.3 6.7 6.7 7.3 6.8 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.6
Gary.................. 308.0 299.6 308.3 299.5 11.4 10.7 11.9 11.7 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.9
Indianapolis.......... 843.1 841.4 842.2 837.1 19.8 19.5 20.1 19.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3
Kokomo................ 51.8 51.6 51.5 51.8 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.2 2.9 2.2 2.4 2.3
Lafayette............. 92.1 93.0 91.5 91.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.9
Muncie................ 63.1 63.7 63.0 63.6 2.1 1.7 2.3 1.9 3.3 2.6 3.6 2.9
South Bend............ 138.0 136.3 138.0 135.1 3.4 4.2 3.7 4.2 2.5 3.1 2.7 3.1
Terre Haute........... 70.5 69.0 70.2 68.6 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.3
Iowa.................... 1,581.4 1,579.2 1,574.9 1,584.1 39.4 31.4 41.9 34.5 2.5 2.0 2.7 2.2
Cedar Rapids.......... 112.4 113.6 112.5 113.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6
Des Moines............ 258.3 259.4 256.3 260.9 4.9 4.2 4.8 4.3 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.6
Dubuque............... 48.8 47.8 48.8 48.1 1.3 0.9 1.4 1.1 2.8 1.9 3.0 2.3
Iowa City............. 66.7 66.1 65.6 66.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.0 2.1 1.6 1.9 1.5
Sioux City............ 66.0 66.1 65.6 66.0 1.7 1.2 1.7 1.4 2.5 1.9 2.6 2.1
Waterloo-Cedar Falls.. 70.7 69.6 70.6 70.1 2.5 1.7 3.5 1.9 3.5 2.5 4.9 2.7
Kansas.................. 1,442.5 1,459.6 1,432.9 1,449.5 53.1 47.9 46.2 43.4 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.0
Lawrence.............. 58.1 57.8 57.0 57.4 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.6 3.9 3.5 3.2 2.8
Topeka................ 92.5 93.3 91.9 93.0 4.0 3.3 3.3 3.2 4.3 3.6 3.6 3.4
Wichita............... 293.5 296.8 291.6 294.6 10.2 11.8 8.9 10.5 3.5 4.0 3.1 3.6
Kentucky................ 1,942.9 1,962.5 1,935.3 1,952.2 79.8 72.7 73.8 69.7 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.6
Lexington............. 258.7 262.2 257.1 260.0 5.0 4.6 4.4 4.3 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7
Louisville............ 556.0 571.1 556.1 569.1 15.6 16.8 14.0 15.9 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.8
Owensboro............. 50.0 50.8 50.0 50.8 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.0 4.2 4.3 3.8 3.9
Louisiana............... 2,058.8 2,081.3 2,038.9 2,042.6 100.7 91.2 100.6 77.1 4.9 4.4 4.9 3.8
Alexandria............ 59.7 61.2 59.2 60.2 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.2 4.6 4.1 4.5 3.6
Baton Rouge........... 302.6 314.2 298.7 309.0 11.4 10.9 11.2 9.3 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.0
Houma................. 95.6 95.7 94.9 93.7 3.2 3.1 3.4 2.5 3.4 3.2 3.6 2.7
Lafayette............. 181.4 182.3 179.3 178.6 8.8 8.6 8.5 7.0 4.9 4.7 4.7 3.9
Lake Charles.......... 90.8 93.1 90.2 90.8 4.8 4.0 4.5 3.2 5.3 4.3 5.0 3.5
Monroe................ 70.8 72.1 69.6 70.9 3.2 2.5 3.1 2.1 4.5 3.4 4.4 2.9
New Orleans........... 618.2 626.1 611.5 616.6 25.5 24.9 24.3 20.6 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.3
Shreveport-Bossier
City............... 186.2 188.1 184.7 184.8 9.1 7.9 8.8 6.6 4.9 4.2 4.8 3.6
Maine................... 657.7 679.0 656.6 677.3 27.4 24.6 23.7 23.7 4.2 3.6 3.6 3.5
Bangor................ 50.4 53.4 51.6 53.8 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.4
Lewiston-Auburn....... 53.3 55.2 53.7 55.0 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.6 3.9 3.2 3.4 2.8
Portland.............. 136.2 141.3 137.0 141.5 2.6 2.8 2.2 2.5 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.8
Maryland................ 2,792.7 2,821.3 2,788.2 2,803.4 111.1 90.3 97.2 78.8 4.0 3.2 3.5 2.8
Baltimore............. 1,316.9 1,325.2 1,310.1 1,314.8 59.1 47.5 50.5 40.6 4.5 3.6 3.9 3.1
Cumberland............ 45.8 47.0 45.8 46.6 3.4 2.8 3.4 2.8 7.5 6.0 7.5 6.0
Hagerstown............ 70.0 71.8 70.5 71.3 2.4 1.9 2.2 1.6 3.4 2.6 3.2 2.3
Massachusetts........... 3,268.6 3,289.2 3,255.9 3,283.1 88.5 93.3 88.7 94.3 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.9
Barnstable-Yarmouth... 71.2 73.3 70.2 72.8 2.8 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.9 3.7 4.6 4.4
Boston................ 1,817.0 1,827.0 1,811.7 1,825.0 41.2 45.0 40.2 43.8 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.4
Brockton.............. 133.3 135.6 132.4 134.6 3.7 4.1 3.7 4.0 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0
Fitchburg-Leominster.. 68.9 69.4 68.7 68.7 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6
Lawrence.............. 198.3 200.8 197.4 199.5 8.9 8.7 8.3 7.8 4.5 4.4 4.2 3.9
Lowell................ 167.9 170.4 167.7 170.1 4.8 5.0 4.6 4.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9
New Bedford........... 81.6 82.7 81.0 82.8 4.2 3.9 4.2 4.1 5.1 4.7 5.2 4.9
Pittsfield............ 39.6 40.2 39.5 40.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.8
Springfield........... 283.3 284.4 281.4 283.1 8.5 8.6 8.6 9.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2
Worcester............. 254.8 252.7 253.2 252.6 6.7 7.0 6.6 7.0 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8
Michigan................ 5,074.0 5,131.5 5,043.7 5,099.5 167.8 169.1 173.6 161.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2
Ann Arbor............. 301.7 303.6 300.0 302.8 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.3 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7
Benton Harbor......... 83.5 84.1 82.2 83.0 3.3 3.0 3.3 2.8 4.0 3.6 4.0 3.3
Detroit............... 2,276.7 2,296.3 2,267.7 2,289.7 68.3 66.5 67.3 62.3 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.7
Flint................. 200.7 194.1 199.8 193.0 8.9 9.6 8.9 8.8 4.4 5.0 4.4 4.6
Grand
Rapids-Muskegon-Ho-
lland.............. 602.5 621.9 601.3 617.3 16.0 18.7 16.2 16.5 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.7
Jackson............... 76.9 78.6 76.6 78.2 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.2 3.0 2.8 3.3 2.8
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek 233.4 235.1 230.6 232.9 6.7 8.1 7.5 7.4 2.9 3.4 3.2 3.2
Lansing-East Lansing.. 246.2 248.3 243.3 246.0 5.4 5.6 6.1 5.8 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.4
Saginaw-Bay
City-Midland....... 201.7 203.5 200.4 201.6 7.5 7.4 7.8 7.1 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.5
Minnesota............... 2,722.9 2,744.9 2,695.8 2,713.5 58.2 57.5 59.2 58.5 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.2
Duluth-Superior....... 126.6 126.9 124.8 125.7 4.3 3.7 4.2 3.7 3.4 2.9 3.4 2.9
Minneapolis-St.Paul... 1,712.2 1,737.7 1,693.7 1,722.4 28.4 29.6 27.3 27.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6
Rochester............. 71.1 72.6 70.3 72.0 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.7
St. Cloud............. 94.9 96.6 94.0 95.2 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.3
Mississippi............. 1,281.2 1,285.0 1,289.0 1,299.3 56.5 49.0 55.6 57.5 4.4 3.8 4.3 4.4
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pasca-
goula.............. 169.8 173.6 170.8 175.9 5.7 5.7 4.9 6.3 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.6
Hattiesburg........... 51.4 50.5 51.8 50.9 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.6 2.7 2.9 2.4 3.2
Jackson............... 227.8 231.0 228.0 233.5 6.8 5.9 6.3 6.4 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.7
Missouri................ 2,882.1 2,881.7 2,898.3 2,883.1 92.9 66.5 90.6 77.2 3.2 2.3 3.1 2.7
Columbia.............. 84.6 81.9 85.6 82.1 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.9
Joplin................ 85.1 82.0 85.6 82.0 3.0 2.0 2.6 2.1 3.6 2.4 3.1 2.6
Kansas City........... 980.2 1,001.7 988.2 1,000.1 31.3 26.4 28.7 25.1 3.2 2.6 2.9 2.5
St. Joseph............ 50.2 48.2 50.3 48.5 1.9 1.1 1.7 1.4 3.7 2.3 3.4 2.9
St. Louis LMA......... 1,330.7 1,352.6 1,333.5 1,355.6 46.7 36.7 44.7 39.8 3.5 2.7 3.4 2.9
Springfield........... 165.9 173.2 166.2 173.8 4.2 2.7 4.0 3.1 2.5 1.5 2.4 1.8
Montana................. 469.1 474.8 466.7 472.3 26.3 22.7 27.3 25.0 5.6 4.8 5.9 5.3
Billings.............. 69.6 73.0 69.6 73.9 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.9 3.7 4.1 4.0
Great Falls........... 38.6 38.3 39.0 38.4 2.2 1.7 2.2 1.9 5.6 4.5 5.6 4.9
Missoula.............. 53.1 53.9 52.8 53.7 2.8 1.8 2.2 2.2 5.3 3.4 4.2 4.0
Nebraska................ 933.7 934.3 930.5 927.9 21.3 20.8 19.9 21.5 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.3
Lincoln............... 147.2 150.1 146.9 149.3 2.7 2.8 2.3 2.8 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.9
Omaha................. 397.7 398.5 398.2 396.3 8.4 8.1 7.4 8.3 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.1
Nevada.................. 935.6 963.9 928.7 959.0 29.4 38.0 26.4 33.5 3.1 3.9 2.8 3.5
Las Vegas............. 714.8 749.4 711.6 746.4 22.5 30.4 19.8 27.1 3.1 4.1 2.8 3.6
Reno.................. 176.5 177.9 175.0 177.9 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.5 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.5
New Hampshire........... 664.1 675.4 664.5 670.9 19.4 18.2 17.6 15.6 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.3
Manchester............ 106.6 108.0 106.3 105.9 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.1 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.0
Nashua................ 104.3 104.1 104.9 103.6 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.5 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.4
Portsmouth-Rochester.. 126.2 127.4 126.2 125.4 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.3 2.4 2.0 2.3 1.8
New Jersey.............. 4,173.5 4,245.3 4,194.1 4,249.8 173.8 173.0 173.5 163.6 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.8
Atlantic-Cape May..... 168.6 168.0 169.0 167.4 14.7 13.1 15.3 13.5 8.7 7.8 9.0 8.1
Bergen-Passaic........ 681.6 692.6 684.0 693.4 26.8 27.1 26.8 25.6 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.7
Jersey City........... 282.0 284.7 285.5 285.0 18.6 17.6 19.0 16.5 6.6 6.2 6.7 5.8
Middlesex-Somerset-Hu-
nterdon............ 639.0 654.0 642.7 655.8 18.1 19.2 17.3 17.5 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.7
Monmouth-Ocean........ 510.2 521.4 512.0 521.0 20.4 19.9 20.3 19.0 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.6
Newark................ 1,017.5 1,039.8 1,022.6 1,040.4 40.9 40.5 40.8 37.7 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.6
Trenton............... 168.0 170.3 169.1 171.0 6.0 5.8 6.3 5.4 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.2
Vineland-Millville-Br-
idgeton............ 64.6 64.5 64.9 64.2 5.1 4.9 5.4 5.0 8.0 7.6 8.4 7.7
New Mexico.............. 841.4 836.6 837.3 831.1 50.1 46.4 50.2 44.8 6.0 5.5 6.0 5.4
Albuquerque........... 367.5 365.3 366.1 363.4 16.5 14.4 16.1 13.2 4.5 3.9 4.4 3.6
Las Cruces............ 69.8 71.3 68.9 70.2 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.2 7.5 6.8 8.0 7.4
Santa Fe.............. 74.8 74.8 74.8 74.3 2.4 2.1 2.3 1.9 3.2 2.8 3.1 2.6
New York................ 8,862.0 8,890.7 8,855.5 8,881.0 459.5 422.8 454.3 402.7 5.2 4.8 5.1 4.5
Albany-Schenectady-Tr-
oy................. 453.4 451.3 451.5 449.3 14.1 14.6 13.9 15.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.4
Binghamton............ 126.3 125.7 125.7 125.7 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.7
Buffalo-Niagara Falls. 573.1 568.5 573.4 566.7 25.8 26.6 25.9 27.3 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.8
Dutchess County....... 119.0 121.2 118.3 120.4 3.4 3.7 3.3 3.5 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.9
Elmira................ 45.1 44.1 45.3 44.2 1.7 2.1 1.7 2.0 3.7 4.7 3.7 4.6
Glens Falls........... 58.6 57.6 57.8 57.6 3.4 2.7 3.3 2.9 5.8 4.7 5.8 5.0
Jamestown............. 66.7 66.4 66.6 66.3 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.2 5.1 4.5 5.1 4.8
Nassau-Suffolk........ 1,408.6 1,431.1 1,414.7 1,435.0 37.8 43.0 35.6 41.3 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.9
New York.............. 4,087.4 4,088.7 4,082.7 4,085.4 285.0 236.9 279.1 212.8 7.0 5.8 6.8 5.2
New York City...... 3,439.0 3,431.8 3,432.4 3,428.2 267.2 217.4 262.2 194.6 7.8 6.3 7.6 5.7
Newburgh.............. 171.3 176.3 171.1 175.5 5.1 5.3 4.7 4.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7
Rochester............. 572.9 571.4 571.5 569.3 20.0 22.2 20.5 23.0 3.5 3.9 3.6 4.0
Syracuse.............. 363.0 364.9 363.7 364.1 12.4 14.9 13.2 15.8 3.4 4.1 3.6 4.3
Utica-Rome............ 141.6 142.2 140.9 141.7 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2
North Carolina.......... 3,831.3 3,888.5 3,813.9 3,859.5 119.4 120.8 104.6 107.9 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.8
Asheville............. 111.9 112.3 111.4 112.1 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.8
Charlotte-Gastonia-Ro-
ck Hill............ 751.3 765.5 748.3 759.8 17.4 20.7 14.9 17.5 2.3 2.7 2.0 2.3
Fayetteville.......... 113.5 117.8 113.4 117.1 4.3 4.5 3.7 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.4
Goldsboro............. 47.7 47.8 46.6 47.4 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.6 4.3 4.0 3.5 3.4
Greensboro�Winston-Sa-
lem�High Point..... 637.0 644.9 635.6 641.6 14.0 15.4 11.7 13.5 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.1
Greenville............ 65.1 65.8 63.5 65.0 2.5 3.1 2.0 2.5 3.8 4.7 3.1 3.9
Hickory-Morganton-Len-
oir................ 170.6 173.6 170.5 173.5 3.9 3.1 3.2 2.9 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.6
Jacksonville.......... 45.3 46.3 45.2 46.1 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.3 3.5 3.4 2.9 2.9
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel
Hill............... 639.5 646.8 639.0 644.9 9.8 9.8 8.0 8.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3
Rocky Mount........... 66.8 66.4 65.5 65.3 4.2 4.4 3.3 3.5 6.2 6.6 5.1 5.3
Wilmington............ 105.1 112.7 104.8 111.9 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3
North Dakota............ 340.1 336.4 338.1 333.4 9.0 8.7 9.1 9.1 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7
Bismarck.............. 53.2 53.2 53.2 53.1 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.3 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.4
Fargo-Moorhead........ 103.1 102.6 103.0 101.9 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7
Grand Forks........... 53.6 53.3 53.1 52.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4
Ohio.................... 5,790.2 5,846.0 5,789.1 5,818.1 230.8 226.1 222.7 222.9 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8
Akron................. 365.3 372.3 366.8 371.0 13.7 14.1 13.4 14.6 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.9
Canton-Massillon...... 205.2 209.5 205.8 208.7 8.0 8.3 7.7 8.2 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.9
Cincinnati............ 857.5 878.1 857.1 872.0 27.7 28.8 24.5 26.0 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.0
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyr-
ia................. 1,126.8 1,137.0 1,127.1 1,134.5 46.7 46.8 45.5 48.5 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.3
Columbus.............. 830.5 843.6 830.3 839.3 20.9 20.5 19.3 18.8 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2
Dayton-Springfield.... 478.1 480.2 477.7 478.5 16.7 16.8 15.3 15.7 3.5 3.5 3.2 3.3
Hamilton-Middletown... 182.7 185.3 183.2 183.6 6.0 5.2 5.4 4.8 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.6
Lima.................. 75.2 75.9 74.9 75.9 3.7 3.0 3.4 2.9 4.9 4.0 4.5 3.8
Mansfield............. 83.7 84.4 83.6 83.7 4.4 5.8 4.1 5.4 5.2 6.8 4.9 6.4
Steubenville-Weirton.. 57.7 57.4 57.7 56.8 3.6 3.0 3.8 2.6 6.2 5.2 6.6 4.6
Toledo................ 325.8 327.7 326.1 326.3 14.5 12.5 13.6 11.6 4.4 3.8 4.2 3.6
Youngstown-Warren..... 288.0 289.8 288.4 288.1 15.0 14.2 15.8 13.7 5.2 4.9 5.5 4.8
Oklahoma................ 1,647.9 1,679.9 1,636.7 1,664.8 68.3 49.3 68.8 52.1 4.1 2.9 4.2 3.1
Enid.................. 27.6 27.9 27.4 27.5 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 3.7 2.7 3.5 2.9
Lawton................ 41.7 42.1 41.3 41.8 1.9 1.4 2.0 1.5 4.6 3.2 4.9 3.7
Oklahoma City......... 541.8 552.8 537.3 549.9 17.4 12.2 17.0 12.5 3.2 2.2 3.2 2.3
Tulsa................. 423.0 436.6 420.3 434.0 13.7 12.5 13.4 12.7 3.2 2.9 3.2 2.9
Oregon.................. 1,784.6 1,789.7 1,767.6 1,797.0 95.5 87.9 94.4 86.0 5.4 4.9 5.3 4.8
Eugene-Springfield.... 165.5 166.4 165.0 168.0 8.3 8.7 8.4 8.3 5.0 5.2 5.1 4.9
Medford-Ashland....... 90.2 90.5 91.2 92.0 5.3 4.3 5.1 4.3 5.9 4.7 5.6 4.7
Portland-Vancouver.... 1,065.9 1,077.8 1,058.9 1,080.0 45.3 40.7 43.1 38.3 4.2 3.8 4.1 3.5
Salem................. 170.4 170.2 168.3 169.8 9.2 8.9 9.6 9.2 5.4 5.3 5.7 5.4
Pennsylvania............ 5,955.5 5,972.9 5,931.5 5,956.1 253.1 241.8 226.9 212.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.6
Allentown-Bethlehem-E-
aston.............. 312.5 312.7 311.0 311.7 13.3 12.0 11.5 10.1 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.3
Altoona............... 62.6 62.8 62.3 63.4 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.5 4.4 4.5 4.0 4.0
Erie.................. 139.5 140.4 138.4 139.8 6.4 6.7 5.9 6.0 4.6 4.8 4.2 4.3
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Ca-
rlisle............. 350.4 349.3 350.0 348.5 9.6 10.4 8.6 8.6 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.5
Johnstown............. 102.1 101.3 101.8 101.0 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.1
Lancaster............. 242.5 243.3 241.8 242.0 6.4 6.2 5.4 5.2 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.1
Philadelphia.......... 2,505.8 2,529.4 2,501.7 2,529.1 98.8 100.7 85.5 86.2 3.9 4.0 3.4 3.4
Pittsburgh............ 1,155.1 1,159.5 1,154.0 1,158.0 48.3 44.7 44.8 40.3 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.5
Reading............... 183.4 183.5 182.6 183.3 7.3 6.0 6.4 5.0 4.0 3.3 3.5 2.7
Scranton�Wilkes-Barre-
�Hazleton.......... 309.8 307.7 309.0 307.7 17.0 15.2 16.1 14.6 5.5 4.9 5.2 4.7
Sharon................ 56.8 57.2 56.6 56.6 2.0 2.8 1.9 2.4 3.5 4.9 3.3 4.2
State College......... 69.0 69.6 66.6 67.5 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.6 2.6 2.2 2.7 2.4
Williamsport.......... 57.0 57.3 56.2 56.8 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.3 5.1 4.3 4.8 4.1
York.................. 190.8 193.5 190.7 193.2 6.3 6.6 5.4 5.4 3.3 3.4 2.8 2.8
Rhode Island............ 503.2 512.3 502.7 511.1 19.8 17.4 18.2 17.0 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.3
Providence-Fall
River-Warwick...... 578.1 587.2 577.8 586.1 22.4 20.0 21.1 20.4 3.9 3.4 3.7 3.5
South Carolina.......... 1,955.5 1,968.9 1,934.8 1,952.1 69.6 84.5 65.9 75.8 3.6 4.3 3.4 3.9
Charleston-North
Charleston......... 266.1 275.5 263.9 273.7 6.7 8.9 6.2 7.9 2.5 3.2 2.4 2.9
Columbia.............. 280.1 285.6 277.5 284.9 5.1 6.8 4.7 6.5 1.8 2.4 1.7 2.3
Florence.............. 64.0 63.3 63.3 62.2 2.6 3.9 2.4 3.0 4.0 6.1 3.8 4.8
Greenville-Spartanbur-
g-Anderson......... 493.4 498.0 489.1 495.1 12.8 14.9 12.0 13.1 2.6 3.0 2.5 2.7
Myrtle Beach.......... 101.5 102.7 99.8 100.7 4.1 4.6 4.8 5.0 4.0 4.5 4.8 4.9
Sumter................ 47.2 46.9 46.6 46.5 2.0 2.5 1.8 2.2 4.3 5.3 3.8 4.8
South Dakota............ 399.6 400.8 392.3 394.0 10.6 9.8 10.5 9.9 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.5
Rapid City............ 47.4 47.8 46.5 46.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.2
Sioux Falls........... 101.7 104.6 100.4 103.0 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5
Tennessee............... 2,825.7 2,845.7 2,790.6 2,806.3 110.7 100.4 97.3 87.1 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.1
Chattanooga........... 221.2 219.2 218.3 216.2 7.6 6.8 6.6 5.9 3.4 3.1 3.0 2.7
Clarksville-Hopkinsvi-
lle................ 83.1 84.5 82.6 84.1 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.2 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.6
Jackson............... 57.7 58.1 57.2 57.7 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.9
Johnson
City-Kingsport-Bri-
stol............... 227.6 225.4 227.3 223.2 8.8 8.1 10.3 7.4 3.9 3.6 4.5 3.3
Knoxville............. 351.3 352.1 345.6 345.7 12.3 9.6 10.8 8.7 3.5 2.7 3.1 2.5
Memphis............... 573.3 583.2 568.4 576.3 18.8 19.7 16.2 17.2 3.3 3.4 2.8 3.0
Nashville............. 660.1 675.0 654.2 664.0 17.4 17.1 14.0 14.2 2.6 2.5 2.1 2.1
Texas................... 10,251.0 10,410.9 10,237.4 10,401.0 471.1 441.8 447.9 435.8 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.2
Abilene............... 62.6 62.9 62.5 62.7 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.4
Amarillo.............. 113.9 116.5 114.1 116.7 3.6 4.3 3.2 4.1 3.1 3.7 2.8 3.6
Austin-San Marcos..... 697.9 721.0 692.6 718.7 17.2 14.6 15.9 14.4 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.0
Beaumont-Port Arthur.. 186.7 189.7 185.8 188.9 13.2 14.8 12.5 14.6 7.1 7.8 6.7 7.7
Brazoria.............. 106.3 106.2 105.7 106.1 6.0 6.8 5.7 6.7 5.7 6.4 5.4 6.3
Brownsville-Harlingen-
San Benito......... 126.9 124.0 128.3 124.0 14.8 11.4 16.2 11.5 11.6 9.2 12.6 9.3
Bryan-College Station. 77.3 80.1 77.0 79.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5
Corpus Christi........ 178.3 177.1 177.2 176.2 11.6 11.0 10.8 10.8 6.5 6.2 6.1 6.1
Dallas................ 1,898.2 1,946.1 1,894.7 1,943.4 56.9 57.0 52.0 54.8 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.8
El Paso............... 291.7 291.6 291.3 291.3 29.9 24.5 27.7 23.3 10.2 8.4 9.5 8.0
Fort Worth-Arlington.. 892.6 920.9 892.1 921.0 26.8 26.9 24.5 26.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.8
Galveston-Texas City.. 124.2 123.9 124.2 123.6 7.7 7.2 7.3 7.1 6.2 5.8 5.9 5.7
Houston............... 2,154.3 2,198.5 2,155.8 2,199.3 82.5 94.2 78.4 90.7 3.8 4.3 3.6 4.1
Killeen-Temple........ 115.6 116.4 115.4 116.3 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.3
Laredo................ 74.4 75.0 74.4 75.3 6.7 5.0 6.5 5.1 9.0 6.7 8.7 6.8
Longview-Marshall..... 107.4 106.8 106.9 106.6 7.9 6.7 7.3 6.6 7.4 6.3 6.9 6.2
Lubbock............... 125.3 126.7 124.7 126.3 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.3
McAllen-Edinburg-Miss-
ion................ 196.3 192.4 199.1 195.7 34.6 26.0 35.7 28.0 17.6 13.5 17.9 14.3
Odessa-Midland........ 128.6 126.3 129.1 125.7 7.9 8.2 8.4 7.8 6.1 6.5 6.5 6.2
San Angelo............ 53.6 53.2 53.3 52.9 2.7 1.8 2.4 1.7 5.0 3.5 4.5 3.2
San Antonio........... 766.6 781.3 766.3 781.5 25.1 24.3 22.6 23.9 3.3 3.1 2.9 3.1
Sherman-Denison....... 51.6 52.0 51.4 51.7 2.7 2.0 2.4 1.9 5.2 3.9 4.7 3.7
Texarkana............. 56.9 56.5 56.7 56.3 3.6 2.5 3.4 2.7 6.4 4.4 6.0 4.8
Tyler................. 91.3 93.1 91.1 94.0 4.3 3.7 3.8 4.2 4.8 4.0 4.2 4.5
Victoria.............. 43.5 43.9 43.4 43.7 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.5 4.5 3.7 4.0 3.4
Waco.................. 102.0 104.3 101.6 103.8 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.4 3.0 3.2 2.9
Wichita Falls......... 66.4 66.0 66.8 65.9 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.5
Utah.................... 1,089.5 1,110.3 1,090.0 1,101.0 34.7 29.9 29.9 26.8 3.2 2.7 2.7 2.4
Provo-Orem............ 164.6 169.4 163.5 168.1 4.7 3.4 3.9 3.0 2.8 2.0 2.4 1.8
Salt Lake City-Ogden.. 696.0 711.2 699.8 706.4 21.0 18.9 17.7 16.6 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.4
Vermont................. 336.2 338.9 338.3 341.0 9.9 8.5 9.6 8.7 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.5
Burlington............ 102.3 102.3 102.1 102.5 2.0 1.6 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.9 1.7
Virginia................ 3,550.8 3,600.9 3,554.5 3,581.2 96.1 93.5 96.6 92.1 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6
Charlottesville....... 76.6 77.9 76.4 77.2 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2
Danville.............. 57.4 56.7 57.4 56.5 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.5
Lynchburg............. 104.4 104.8 104.5 104.5 2.4 1.9 2.3 1.9 2.3 1.8 2.2 1.8
Norfolk-Virginia
Beach-Newport News. 746.5 750.1 746.2 746.4 24.3 23.4 23.4 22.5 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0
Richmond-Petersburg... 516.3 529.2 516.8 526.4 12.9 11.2 11.9 10.4 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.0
Roanoke............... 132.8 133.2 132.7 132.8 2.7 2.2 2.7 2.0 2.0 1.6 2.0 1.5
Washington.............. 3,054.5 3,065.6 3,080.8 3,075.3 148.7 124.0 153.3 131.8 4.9 4.0 5.0 4.3
Bellingham............ 79.9 77.8 80.8 78.6 4.5 3.5 4.6 3.8 5.6 4.5 5.7 4.9
Bremerton............. 91.4 92.1 92.0 92.8 4.7 4.1 4.6 4.1 5.1 4.5 5.0 4.4
Olympia............... 99.4 102.2 101.1 103.1 4.8 4.1 4.7 4.2 4.8 4.0 4.7 4.1
Richland-Kennewick-Pa-
sco................ 91.2 90.1 91.2 89.8 7.7 5.5 8.0 6.2 8.5 6.1 8.8 6.9
Seattle-Bellevue-Ever-
ett................ 1,398.6 1,419.3 1,414.1 1,431.6 43.1 42.2 43.0 42.4 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0
Spokane............... 212.7 209.4 214.5 210.5 11.2 8.8 11.4 9.9 5.3 4.2 5.3 4.7
Tacoma................ 336.6 338.1 341.2 341.3 14.9 13.2 14.4 13.6 4.4 3.9 4.2 4.0
Yakima................ 109.2 105.0 108.4 103.8 12.8 9.3 14.1 10.7 11.7 8.9 13.1 10.3
West Virginia........... 799.9 815.4 804.6 813.8 46.6 49.8 48.6 48.5 5.8 6.1 6.0 6.0
Charleston............ 130.4 135.5 131.4 134.4 5.7 6.3 5.9 6.1 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.5
Huntington-Ashland.... 137.5 139.8 138.4 140.3 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.1 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.8
Parkersburg-Marietta.. 78.4 79.5 78.3 79.7 4.2 3.3 4.1 3.4 5.3 4.1 5.3 4.3
Wheeling.............. 73.4 75.0 73.4 75.0 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.4 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.6
Wisconsin............... 2,970.4 2,958.9 2,968.0 2,953.3 95.4 75.3 92.9 76.7 3.2 2.5 3.1 2.6
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neen-
ah................. 223.7 225.7 223.6 225.5 5.6 4.2 5.1 4.1 2.5 1.9 2.3 1.8
Eau Claire............ 84.4 83.2 84.3 83.0 2.5 1.8 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.2 3.3 2.9
Green Bay............. 132.1 133.3 132.3 133.1 3.2 2.6 3.0 2.6 2.4 1.9 2.3 2.0
Janesville-Beloit..... 79.6 78.9 79.5 77.7 3.0 4.9 2.8 2.6 3.7 6.2 3.6 3.4
Kenosha............... 82.2 81.6 83.2 82.8 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.2 3.1 2.7 3.0 2.7
La Crosse............. 72.9 73.8 72.8 73.5 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8
Madison............... 266.8 267.4 266.3 266.7 3.6 3.0 3.5 3.1 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2
Milwaukee-Waukesha.... 817.5 809.6 814.6 811.1 27.7 22.3 24.0 20.7 3.4 2.7 2.9 2.5
Racine................ 93.4 91.6 93.7 91.7 3.7 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.6
Sheboygan............. 60.3 59.9 60.5 60.0 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.0 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.6
Wausau................ 74.6 74.7 74.7 74.5 2.2 1.6 2.4 1.8 3.0 2.1 3.1 2.5
Wyoming................. 258.9 261.7 256.9 260.6 11.6 10.8 11.7 11.6 4.5 4.1 4.6 4.4
Casper................ 33.3 34.0 33.4 34.4 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.7 5.1 4.5 5.0 4.9
Cheyenne.............. 39.7 40.7 39.7 41.6 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.5 3.3 3.0 3.6 3.5
Puerto Rico............. 1,314.3 1,290.3 1,326.4 1,303.4 163.7 150.4 146.8 132.1 12.5 11.7 11.1 10.1
Aguadilla............. 51.4 50.2 51.1 49.6 8.5 7.9 7.7 6.9 16.5 15.8 15.1 14.0
Arecibo............... 52.5 52.3 53.3 52.0 7.0 7.0 6.4 6.1 13.4 13.4 12.0 11.7
Caguas................ 119.5 118.5 121.1 121.7 14.0 12.9 12.5 11.2 11.7 10.9 10.3 9.2
Mayaguez.............. 92.7 90.4 93.9 91.1 12.7 13.6 11.3 11.9 13.7 15.0 12.1 13.1
Ponce................. 109.5 110.9 110.9 110.9 17.3 16.9 15.4 14.6 15.8 15.2 13.9 13.2
San Juan-Bayamon...... 719.8 704.9 725.5 717.0 74.8 65.5 66.9 57.5 10.4 9.3 9.2 8.0
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current
Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes
available. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of Employment and Earnings.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected metropolitan areas, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
November December Change: December 1998
to December 1999p
State and area
1998 1999 1998 1999p Number Percent
Alabama........................................... 1,931.3 1,946.5 1,937.4 1,948.5 11.1 0.6
Birmingham...................................... 480.9 485.6 483.1 487.5 4.4 .9
Huntsville...................................... 178.4 180.1 178.7 180.2 1.5 .8
Mobile.......................................... 230.2 235.1 231.2 236.2 5.0 2.2
Montgomery...................................... 164.2 170.2 164.9 171.3 6.4 3.9
Tuscaloosa...................................... 82.2 84.6 82.6 84.9 2.3 2.8
Alaska............................................ 269.3 271.7 265.1 268.3 3.2 1.2
Anchorage....................................... 130.0 132.2 130.2 132.6 2.4 1.8
Arizona........................................... 2,141.2 2,209.2 2,150.6 2,224.1 73.5 3.4
Phoenix-Mesa.................................... 1,506.2 1,543.0 1,515.7 1,556.6 40.9 2.7
Tucson.......................................... 334.7 353.1 336.4 354.4 18.0 5.4
Arkansas.......................................... 1,139.9 1,154.9 1,138.1 1,155.2 17.1 1.5
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers.................. 144.7 150.7 144.6 150.3 5.7 3.9
Fort Smith...................................... 98.2 98.4 98.2 98.2 .0 .0
Little Rock-North Little Rock................... 311.7 312.5 311.9 312.6 .7 .2
Pine Bluff...................................... 36.5 36.8 36.6 36.9 .3 .8
California........................................ 13,854.3 14,230.3 13,907.7 14,311.0 403.3 2.9
Bakersfield..................................... 187.6 194.5 188.3 194.8 6.5 3.5
Fresno.......................................... 282.3 290.7 283.4 289.8 6.4 2.3
Los Angeles-Long Beach.......................... 4,016.0 4,092.8 4,025.6 4,098.3 72.7 1.8
Modesto......................................... 139.8 141.9 140.0 142.8 2.8 2.0
Oakland......................................... 996.9 1,026.9 997.4 1,029.6 32.2 3.2
Orange County................................... 1,318.2 1,355.8 1,325.6 1,365.8 40.2 3.0
Riverside-San Bernardino........................ 899.7 932.3 904.9 937.8 32.9 3.6
Sacramento...................................... 661.4 681.0 664.0 684.9 20.9 3.1
Salinas......................................... 123.8 129.0 124.0 128.6 4.6 3.7
San Diego....................................... 1,121.3 1,138.6 1,122.9 1,139.0 16.1 1.4
San Francisco................................... 1,032.3 1,043.0 1,035.1 1,049.4 14.3 1.4
San Jose........................................ 962.0 971.0 965.5 975.8 10.3 1.1
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc................ 157.5 160.5 156.5 160.2 3.7 2.4
Santa Rosa...................................... 178.0 183.5 178.3 183.9 5.6 3.1
Stockton-Lodi................................... 175.7 178.2 174.0 177.7 3.7 2.1
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa.......................... 159.6 162.9 159.3 162.5 3.2 2.0
Ventura......................................... 257.7 264.8 259.5 267.2 7.7 3.0
Colorado.......................................... 2,086.4 2,131.3 2,102.6 2,151.1 48.5 2.3
Boulder-Longmont................................ 167.7 172.0 168.1 171.9 3.8 2.3
Colorado Springs................................ 229.0 234.1 229.1 234.1 5.0 2.2
Denver.......................................... 1,115.4 1,139.8 1,116.4 1,147.0 30.6 2.7
Connecticut....................................... 1,672.3 1,698.8 1,684.1 1,705.9 21.8 1.3
Bridgeport...................................... 190.1 189.5 191.8 191.4 -.4 -.2
Danbury......................................... 89.8 90.1 91.0 91.1 .1 .1
Hartford........................................ 613.9 617.8 615.1 618.1 3.0 .5
New Haven-Meriden............................... 259.8 260.8 259.9 260.4 .5 .2
New London-Norwich.............................. 139.8 141.9 140.2 142.0 1.8 1.3
Stamford-Norwalk................................ 208.0 208.4 209.6 210.2 .6 .3
Waterbury....................................... 87.5 87.9 88.1 88.3 .2 .2
Delaware.......................................... 406.5 418.5 409.6 419.9 10.3 2.5
Dover........................................... 54.8 56.6 54.8 56.7 1.9 3.5
Wilmington-Newark............................... 317.3 326.5 321.5 328.1 6.6 2.1
District of Columbia.............................. 618.8 623.4 618.6 622.5 3.9 .6
Washington PMSA................................. 2,597.5 2,666.9 2,611.5 2,676.2 64.7 2.5
Florida........................................... 6,809.6 7,075.1 6,877.6 7,147.3 269.7 3.9
Daytona Beach................................... 156.1 161.4 157.2 162.5 5.3 3.4
Fort Lauderdale................................. 656.5 674.4 663.9 681.9 18.0 2.7
Fort Myers-Cape Coral........................... 161.4 166.1 163.0 167.5 4.5 2.8
Gainesville..................................... 117.0 121.8 117.9 122.5 4.6 3.9
Jacksonville.................................... 540.4 559.4 544.5 562.5 18.0 3.3
Lakeland-Winter Haven........................... 179.3 183.6 180.5 185.4 4.9 2.7
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay................... 184.8 190.9 186.2 191.9 5.7 3.1
Miami........................................... 997.3 1,013.0 998.8 1,019.8 21.0 2.1
Orlando......................................... 859.8 897.2 868.7 907.2 38.5 4.4
Pensacola....................................... 157.7 162.9 159.0 164.7 5.7 3.6
Sarasota-Bradenton.............................. 255.5 265.9 258.1 268.4 10.3 4.0
Tallahassee..................................... 156.1 160.4 157.4 161.9 4.5 2.9
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater................. 1,154.8 1,216.7 1,167.6 1,229.6 62.0 5.3
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton...................... 488.3 514.0 497.2 523.1 25.9 5.2
Georgia........................................... 3,819.6 3,964.7 3,842.0 3,997.5 155.5 4.0
Albany.......................................... 59.7 60.3 59.8 60.8 1.0 1.7
Athens.......................................... 74.7 77.3 74.7 77.4 2.7 3.6
Atlanta......................................... 2,079.8 2,181.9 2,093.3 2,206.9 113.6 5.4
Augusta-Aiken................................... 199.0 200.9 199.3 201.4 2.1 1.1
Columbus........................................ 120.5 123.7 120.8 124.3 3.5 2.9
Macon........................................... 151.2 152.5 151.4 152.9 1.5 1.0
Savannah........................................ 135.7 138.9 135.7 139.2 3.5 2.6
Hawaii............................................ 531.7 535.5 533.8 537.1 3.3 .6
Honolulu........................................ 401.1 402.1 402.9 403.3 .4 .1
Idaho............................................. 535.5 540.6 534.1 539.7 5.6 1.0
Boise City...................................... 206.0 212.0 206.0 212.0 6.0 2.9
Illinois.......................................... 5,994.0 6,038.2 5,995.9 6,043.6 47.7 .8
Bloomington-Normal.............................. 86.5 86.4 86.3 86.7 .4 .5
Champaign-Urbana................................ 101.2 101.5 100.3 101.7 1.4 1.4
Chicago......................................... 4,203.8 4,253.7 4,221.5 4,267.1 45.6 1.1
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island.................... 183.7 184.5 184.4 184.6 .2 .1
Decatur......................................... 57.6 57.6 57.5 58.0 .5 .9
Kankakee........................................ 44.5 45.0 44.4 45.1 .7 1.6
Peoria-Pekin.................................... 178.0 178.7 177.1 177.2 .1 .1
Rockford........................................ 177.8 179.8 177.6 179.3 1.7 1.0
Springfield..................................... 115.2 115.5 115.4 115.2 -.2 -.2
Indiana........................................... 2,965.3 2,989.8 2,971.2 2,990.8 19.6 .7
Bloomington..................................... 66.6 67.2 66.6 67.3 .7 1.1
Elkhart-Goshen.................................. 122.1 124.4 122.9 124.8 1.9 1.5
Evansville-Henderson............................ 160.1 163.8 160.6 163.1 2.5 1.6
Fort Wayne...................................... 277.0 278.2 277.4 278.5 1.1 .4
Gary............................................ 274.2 271.1 275.4 272.1 -3.3 -1.2
Indianapolis.................................... 863.2 875.2 868.1 877.8 9.7 1.1
Kokomo.......................................... 53.3 54.5 53.7 55.0 1.3 2.4
Lafayette....................................... 97.3 100.0 97.1 99.6 2.5 2.6
Muncie.......................................... 61.4 63.3 61.7 63.6 1.9 3.1
South Bend...................................... 138.8 137.9 139.4 137.9 -1.5 -1.1
Terre Haute..................................... 68.7 68.4 68.8 68.3 -.5 -.7
Iowa.............................................. 1,475.9 1,510.9 1,478.3 1,513.3 35.0 2.4
Cedar Rapids.................................... 119.6 122.2 120.5 121.6 1.1 .9
Des Moines...................................... 284.4 288.8 284.7 288.9 4.2 1.5
Dubuque......................................... 52.3 52.0 52.4 51.9 -.5 -1.0
Iowa City....................................... 69.3 69.7 68.8 69.4 .6 .9
Sioux City...................................... 67.9 68.3 67.6 68.0 .4 .6
Waterloo-Cedar Falls............................ 75.5 75.9 74.6 75.6 1.0 1.3
Kansas............................................ 1,340.3 1,362.8 1,337.5 1,361.4 23.9 1.8
Lawrence........................................ 50.7 50.2 50.0 50.4 .4 .8
Topeka.......................................... 103.0 103.8 103.2 103.8 .6 .6
Wichita......................................... 289.7 290.1 289.9 289.8 -.1 .0
Kentucky.......................................... 1,778.8 1,816.6 1,782.2 1,819.9 37.7 2.1
Lexington....................................... 284.2 289.7 283.8 289.7 5.9 2.1
Louisville...................................... 577.8 592.5 580.5 595.0 14.5 2.5
Owensboro....................................... 45.2 45.8 45.6 46.5 .9 2.0
Louisiana......................................... 1,924.5 1,939.6 1,928.7 1,940.3 11.6 .6
Alexandria...................................... 56.3 56.9 56.7 57.0 .3 .5
Baton Rouge..................................... 302.1 308.6 301.7 308.9 7.2 2.4
Houma........................................... 80.8 79.4 80.9 79.5 -1.4 -1.7
Lafayette....................................... 170.1 167.9 170.4 168.4 -2.0 -1.2
Lake Charles.................................... 87.3 88.8 88.1 88.5 .4 .5
Monroe.......................................... 71.1 72.0 70.8 72.0 1.2 1.7
New Orleans..................................... 631.0 628.4 633.6 631.0 -2.6 -.4
Shreveport-Bossier City......................... 176.7 176.8 177.9 177.2 -.7 -.4
Maine............................................. 584.8 598.9 582.4 597.3 14.9 2.6
Lewiston-Auburn................................. 44.7 45.9 44.6 45.8 1.2 2.7
Portland........................................ 149.6 152.8 149.7 153.3 3.6 2.4
Maryland.......................................... 2,367.4 2,409.1 2,368.7 2,418.7 50.0 2.1
Baltimore PMSA.................................. 1,209.9 1,225.6 1,209.9 1,226.7 16.8 1.4
Baltimore City.................................. 408.0 417.5 407.0 416.8 9.8 2.4
Suburban Maryland-D.C........................... 875.6 893.7 879.5 897.5 18.0 2.0
Massachusetts..................................... 3,229.3 3,271.0 3,234.1 3,278.8 44.7 1.4
Barnstable-Yarmouth............................. 57.4 59.7 56.9 59.2 2.3 4.0
Boston.......................................... 1,975.7 1,998.5 1,982.9 2,006.1 23.2 1.2
Brockton........................................ 99.5 101.4 99.7 101.3 1.6 1.6
Fitchburg-Leominster............................ 53.0 53.7 53.2 53.5 .3 .6
Lawrence........................................ 152.8 155.5 153.3 156.2 2.9 1.9
Lowell.......................................... 122.2 124.8 122.7 125.2 2.5 2.0
New Bedford..................................... 66.6 68.0 66.6 68.4 1.8 2.7
Pittsfield...................................... 42.7 43.5 42.8 43.7 .9 2.1
Springfield..................................... 258.6 261.2 258.3 260.7 2.4 .9
Worcester....................................... 233.8 233.1 234.0 234.3 .3 .1
Michigan.......................................... 4,596.3 4,626.7 4,596.2 4,630.8 34.6 .8
Ann Arbor....................................... 280.9 283.4 281.3 284.5 3.2 1.1
Benton Harbor................................... 72.8 73.6 72.3 73.5 1.2 1.7
Detroit......................................... 2,157.3 2,185.5 2,166.1 2,193.7 27.6 1.3
Flint........................................... 180.1 174.2 180.6 174.4 -6.2 -3.4
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland................... 578.0 596.0 581.0 597.2 16.2 2.8
Jackson......................................... 62.3 64.4 62.4 64.3 1.9 3.0
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek.......................... 215.9 216.6 214.2 216.6 2.4 1.1
Lansing-East Lansing............................ 239.3 242.0 237.8 240.9 3.1 1.3
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland........................ 182.6 185.1 182.8 184.6 1.8 1.0
Minnesota......................................... 2,610.0 2,658.7 2,609.4 2,654.6 45.2 1.7
Duluth-Superior................................. 115.7 117.6 115.2 117.2 2.0 1.7
Minneapolis-St. Paul............................ 1,706.1 1,741.8 1,709.9 1,745.7 35.8 2.1
Rochester....................................... 79.4 81.5 79.7 81.8 2.1 2.6
St. Cloud....................................... 89.2 91.5 89.0 91.3 2.3 2.6
Mississippi....................................... 1,142.3 1,139.5 1,142.4 1,137.1 -5.3 -.5
Jackson......................................... 226.7 230.0 225.8 229.7 3.9 1.7
Missouri.......................................... 2,732.2 2,732.9 2,737.1 2,732.7 -4.4 -.2
Kansas City..................................... 960.2 976.2 969.4 977.4 8.0 .8
St. Louis....................................... 1,326.0 1,338.4 1,326.6 1,341.0 14.4 1.1
Springfield..................................... 168.0 172.1 167.5 172.6 5.1 3.0
Montana........................................... 379.1 388.1 377.3 386.6 9.3 2.5
Nebraska.......................................... 891.0 887.3 892.4 886.8 -5.6 -.6
Lincoln......................................... 151.4 152.6 151.5 152.6 1.1 .7
Omaha........................................... 413.2 410.3 415.4 410.0 -5.4 -1.3
Nevada............................................ 953.2 999.3 951.6 1,000.0 48.4 5.1
Las Vegas....................................... 684.7 727.3 685.0 728.2 43.2 6.3
Reno............................................ 185.7 191.9 184.5 192.6 8.1 4.4
New Hampshire..................................... 594.2 603.6 598.5 607.5 9.0 1.5
Manchester...................................... 102.3 103.6 102.8 104.0 1.2 1.2
Nashua.......................................... 94.2 93.6 95.6 94.6 -1.0 -1.0
Portsmouth-Rochester............................ 118.8 119.8 118.8 119.0 .2 .2
New Jersey........................................ 3,850.5 3,918.5 3,865.8 3,930.8 65.0 1.7
Atlantic-Cape May............................... 177.1 178.0 176.8 177.1 .3 .2
Bergen-Passaic.................................. 667.9 678.0 669.8 680.1 10.3 1.5
Camden.......................................... 494.5 503.4 496.5 506.4 9.9 2.0
Jersey City..................................... 247.3 250.6 249.3 251.6 2.3 .9
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon.................... 630.6 643.7 634.4 647.2 12.8 2.0
Monmouth-Ocean.................................. 367.5 375.5 368.5 376.2 7.7 2.1
Newark.......................................... 981.8 1,003.4 986.3 1,006.5 20.2 2.0
Trenton......................................... 201.5 204.2 202.3 205.5 3.2 1.6
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton.................... 59.6 59.8 59.7 59.5 -.2 -.3
New Mexico........................................ 729.1 739.9 731.3 742.1 10.8 1.5
Albuquerque..................................... 342.1 347.9 343.3 348.6 5.3 1.5
Las Cruces...................................... 53.8 56.5 54.0 56.3 2.3 4.3
Santa Fe........................................ 72.6 74.7 72.8 74.7 1.9 2.6
New York.......................................... 8,386.5 8,550.9 8,417.7 8,581.0 163.3 1.9
Albany-Schenectady-Troy......................... 448.5 451.4 447.1 449.8 2.7 .6
Binghamton...................................... 118.6 119.6 118.1 119.6 1.5 1.3
Buffalo-Niagara Falls........................... 554.1 555.5 554.6 554.3 -.3 -.1
Dutchess County................................. 111.2 114.6 110.7 114.4 3.7 3.3
Elmira.......................................... 44.8 43.9 45.0 44.2 -.8 -1.8
Glens Falls..................................... 49.1 49.2 48.5 49.3 .8 1.6
Nassau-Suffolk.................................. 1,176.4 1,207.2 1,184.2 1,214.5 30.3 2.6
New York PMSA................................... 4,131.5 4,235.5 4,158.2 4,263.8 105.6 2.5
New York City................................... 3,598.2 3,689.0 3,622.0 3,714.1 92.1 2.5
Newburgh........................................ 124.1 129.0 124.4 129.4 5.0 4.0
Rochester....................................... 545.9 549.3 545.0 547.6 2.6 .5
Rockland County................................. 107.0 109.7 107.7 110.2 2.5 2.3
Syracuse........................................ 347.0 350.2 347.3 349.5 2.2 .6
Utica-Rome...................................... 131.8 133.7 131.0 133.4 2.4 1.8
Westchester County.............................. 404.4 414.5 406.7 416.4 9.7 2.4
North Carolina.................................... 3,852.9 3,887.9 3,865.6 3,893.0 27.4 .7
Asheville....................................... 113.6 114.5 113.7 114.9 1.2 1.1
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill.................... 791.4 803.5 791.8 803.6 11.8 1.5
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point........... 659.6 665.2 660.4 666.1 5.7 .9
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill...................... 676.4 683.1 677.8 684.7 6.9 1.0
North Dakota...................................... 320.6 321.9 321.0 321.2 .2 .1
Bismarck........................................ 50.3 50.6 50.4 50.5 .1 .2
Fargo-Moorhead.................................. 100.8 100.9 100.7 100.3 -.4 -.4
Grand Forks..................................... 49.5 49.4 49.2 49.2 .0 .0
Ohio.............................................. 5,550.3 5,583.6 5,557.9 5,597.1 39.2 .7
Akron........................................... 327.5 333.4 329.3 333.5 4.2 1.3
Canton-Massillon................................ 186.2 189.9 186.9 190.2 3.3 1.8
Cincinnati...................................... 877.4 895.2 881.3 897.7 16.4 1.9
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria......................... 1,164.2 1,171.0 1,166.8 1,173.9 7.1 .6
Columbus........................................ 847.6 859.6 849.9 862.2 12.3 1.4
Dayton-Springfield.............................. 481.0 481.5 482.5 484.1 1.6 .3
Hamilton-Middletown............................. 124.5 126.7 125.3 126.5 1.2 1.0
Lima............................................ 77.8 79.3 78.1 80.1 2.0 2.6
Mansfield....................................... 80.7 79.9 81.0 80.2 -.8 -1.0
Steubenville-Weirton............................ 51.9 51.6 51.5 51.6 .1 .2
Toledo.......................................... 329.1 332.3 330.4 333.9 3.5 1.1
Youngstown-Warren............................... 250.6 253.6 250.1 253.7 3.6 1.4
Oklahoma.......................................... 1,461.7 1,498.1 1,465.9 1,501.4 35.5 2.4
Enid............................................ 24.6 24.8 24.6 24.6 .0 .0
Lawton.......................................... 38.8 39.4 38.5 39.2 .7 1.8
Oklahoma City................................... 520.9 534.3 522.6 535.7 13.1 2.5
Tulsa........................................... 399.8 412.0 401.7 412.9 11.2 2.8
Oregon............................................ 1,589.2 1,615.0 1,581.7 1,610.8 29.1 1.8
Eugene-Springfield.............................. 143.9 146.5 143.7 146.3 2.6 1.8
Medford-Ashland................................. 73.3 75.7 73.6 75.4 1.8 2.4
Portland-Vancouver.............................. 957.5 983.1 957.6 986.4 28.8 3.0
Salem........................................... 136.6 138.9 135.6 137.0 1.4 1.0
Pennsylvania...................................... 5,577.9 5,607.5 5,577.9 5,597.6 19.7 .4
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton...................... 277.5 278.8 277.7 279.2 1.5 .5
Altoona......................................... 59.9 60.2 59.9 61.0 1.1 1.8
Erie............................................ 133.5 134.4 132.6 134.2 1.6 1.2
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle..................... 363.1 362.6 363.3 363.1 -.2 -.1
Johnstown....................................... 88.8 88.3 88.7 88.2 -.5 -.6
Lancaster....................................... 220.5 223.2 221.2 223.2 2.0 .9
Philadelphia PMSA............................... 2,357.6 2,380.5 2,360.6 2,389.0 28.4 1.2
Philadelphia City............................... 683.8 692.0 685.4 694.4 9.0 1.3
Pittsburgh...................................... 1,109.3 1,120.4 1,109.4 1,120.2 10.8 1.0
Reading......................................... 168.9 170.9 168.9 171.5 2.6 1.5
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton................ 283.6 284.5 283.2 284.4 1.2 .4
Sharon.......................................... 50.1 49.7 49.9 49.4 -.5 -1.0
State College................................... 72.6 73.9 69.9 71.4 1.5 2.1
Williamsport.................................... 54.6 55.5 54.2 55.2 1.0 1.8
York............................................ 165.8 168.5 166.4 169.0 2.6 1.6
Rhode Island...................................... 467.6 475.5 467.0 472.9 5.9 1.3
Providence-Fall River-Warwick................... 526.7 535.4 528.4 533.8 5.4 1.0
South Carolina.................................... 1,811.2 1,854.8 1,819.2 1,861.5 42.3 2.3
Charleston-North Charleston..................... 238.3 250.3 239.7 251.4 11.7 4.9
Columbia........................................ 296.5 307.0 297.6 308.5 10.9 3.7
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson................. 474.1 486.6 476.1 488.8 12.7 2.7
South Dakota...................................... 365.5 367.5 364.8 368.1 3.3 .9
Rapid City...................................... 48.0 48.7 48.1 48.7 .6 1.2
Sioux Falls..................................... 107.3 110.5 107.8 110.7 2.9 2.7
Tennessee......................................... 2,677.8 2,702.9 2,681.8 2,705.9 24.1 .9
Chattanooga..................................... 220.9 220.8 221.3 221.6 .3 .1
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol.................. 198.0 196.3 197.9 196.6 -1.3 -.7
Knoxville....................................... 326.4 327.8 324.9 326.3 1.4 .4
Memphis......................................... 596.3 601.7 596.9 602.4 5.5 .9
Nashville....................................... 659.6 670.7 661.8 672.1 10.3 1.6
Texas............................................. 9,105.1 9,353.0 9,127.2 9,383.6 256.4 2.8
Abilene......................................... 58.5 59.0 58.6 59.2 .6 1.0
Amarillo........................................ 97.3 100.2 97.8 100.5 2.7 2.8
Austin-San Marcos............................... 615.1 642.9 612.6 643.2 30.6 5.0
Beaumont-Port Arthur............................ 164.2 166.7 164.4 166.2 1.8 1.1
Brazoria........................................ 76.0 75.9 75.7 76.0 .3 .4
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito................ 100.2 101.6 100.6 101.9 1.3 1.3
Bryan-College Station........................... 75.2 78.5 75.0 78.0 3.0 4.0
Corpus Christi.................................. 158.2 158.6 158.2 158.4 .2 .1
Dallas.......................................... 1,868.2 1,930.5 1,873.6 1,936.5 62.9 3.4
El Paso......................................... 248.3 255.7 249.1 256.6 7.5 3.0
Ft. Worth-Arlington............................. 752.8 781.7 754.9 785.4 30.5 4.0
Galveston-Texas City............................ 89.6 90.2 89.8 90.5 .7 .8
Houston......................................... 2,021.8 2,072.1 2,025.3 2,081.4 56.1 2.8
Killeen-Temple.................................. 100.6 102.4 101.0 102.7 1.7 1.7
Laredo.......................................... 65.3 67.8 65.6 68.4 2.8 4.3
Longview-Marshall............................... 91.9 92.8 91.9 93.2 1.3 1.4
Lubbock......................................... 117.8 119.8 117.8 120.3 2.5 2.1
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission........................ 141.2 145.9 142.6 147.5 4.9 3.4
Odessa-Midland.................................. 107.0 105.8 106.9 105.8 -1.1 -1.0
San Angelo...................................... 44.7 45.6 44.9 45.6 .7 1.6
San Antonio..................................... 693.0 714.0 694.4 716.1 21.7 3.1
Sherman-Denison................................. 45.1 46.2 45.1 46.1 1.0 2.2
Texarkana....................................... 51.8 52.4 51.8 52.4 .6 1.2
Tyler........................................... 80.9 83.8 81.5 84.3 2.8 3.4
Victoria........................................ 36.1 37.2 36.3 37.1 .8 2.2
Waco............................................ 98.9 101.9 98.6 101.8 3.2 3.2
Wichita Falls................................... 60.5 60.3 60.9 60.7 -.2 -.3
Utah.............................................. 1,045.6 1,073.9 1,049.3 1,077.1 27.8 2.6
Provo-Orem...................................... 144.5 150.9 144.1 151.3 7.2 5.0
Salt Lake City-Ogden............................ 702.4 717.6 704.9 719.0 14.1 2.0
Vermont........................................... 290.0 296.2 294.0 300.4 6.4 2.2
Barre-Montpelier................................ 31.0 32.0 31.5 32.3 .8 2.5
Burlington...................................... 102.8 104.7 103.3 105.1 1.8 1.7
Virginia.......................................... 3,371.5 3,437.5 3,379.4 3,443.3 63.9 1.9
Bristol......................................... 39.3 40.6 39.4 40.8 1.4 3.6
Charlottesville................................. 85.3 87.5 85.3 87.6 2.3 2.7
Danville........................................ 45.9 46.0 46.4 46.2 -.2 -.4
Lynchburg....................................... 100.4 101.6 100.3 101.6 1.3 1.3
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News............. 687.1 696.9 689.1 698.7 9.6 1.4
Northern Virginia............................... 1,057.6 1,102.2 1,065.1 1,107.0 41.9 3.9
Richmond-Petersburg............................. 541.9 562.0 544.6 563.5 18.9 3.5
Roanoke......................................... 147.5 149.6 147.5 150.2 2.7 1.8
Washington........................................ 2,647.8 2,696.4 2,637.3 2,688.9 51.6 2.0
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett........................ 1,379.9 1,406.3 1,377.7 1,409.6 31.9 2.3
Spokane......................................... 191.9 191.2 190.2 190.2 .0 .0
Tacoma.......................................... 240.2 243.1 240.5 243.6 3.1 1.3
West Virginia..................................... 730.4 736.8 730.6 737.0 6.4 .9
Charleston...................................... 133.8 135.7 133.8 135.2 1.4 1.0
Huntington-Ashland.............................. 124.0 124.8 124.7 125.5 .8 .6
Parkersburg-Marietta............................ 71.9 72.9 71.8 73.2 1.4 1.9
Wheeling........................................ 67.7 68.4 67.4 68.3 .9 1.3
Wisconsin......................................... 2,753.0 2,777.9 2,750.4 2,776.9 26.5 1.0
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah......................... 200.0 205.6 200.0 205.6 5.6 2.8
Eau Claire...................................... 76.3 76.9 75.9 76.5 .6 .8
Green Bay....................................... 138.5 142.2 138.7 142.0 3.3 2.4
Janesville-Beloit............................... 70.5 68.9 70.4 70.0 -.4 -.6
Kenosha......................................... 54.8 55.5 55.4 56.2 .8 1.4
La Crosse....................................... 71.9 73.7 71.9 73.6 1.7 2.4
Madison......................................... 283.5 288.4 282.7 287.6 4.9 1.7
Milwaukee-Waukesha.............................. 859.7 868.1 860.2 870.3 10.1 1.2
Racine.......................................... 82.5 82.4 83.1 82.4 -.7 -.8
Sheboygan....................................... 59.5 60.0 59.8 60.3 .5 .8
Wausau.......................................... 68.2 69.9 68.1 69.8 1.7 2.5
Wyoming........................................... 226.2 231.0 226.2 230.3 4.1 1.8
Casper.......................................... 30.8 32.0 31.0 32.1 1.1 3.5
Puerto Rico....................................... 981.9 981.0 996.1 999.3 3.2 .3
Caguas.......................................... 67.6 68.1 69.7 70.4 .7 1.0
Mayaguez........................................ 70.4 67.2 72.2 68.7 -3.5 -4.8
Ponce........................................... 75.6 78.0 77.6 79.1 1.5 1.9
San Juan-Bayamon................................ 611.5 609.1 618.5 620.6 2.1 .3
Virgin Islands.................................... 41.7 (1) 41.8 (1) (1) (1)
1 Data not available.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to March 1998 benchmark levels. Estimates
subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available.