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THE MERCHANTS’ MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW:.; EDITED BT I. SMITH HOMANS, (SECEETAEY OF TIIE CHAMBEE OF COMMEECF. OF THE STATE OF NJCW-YOBK,) A N D W IL L IA M B. D AN A. VOLUME FORTY-FOURTH, FROM J A N U A R Y TO JUNE, INCLUSIVE, 1861. PUBLISHED BY W IL L IAM Chamber of Commerce and U nderwriters’ B uilding , 1 8 6 1. N o. B. D A N A , 61 and 68 W illiam Street ■ CONTRIBUTORS TO THE FORTY-FOURTH VOLUME OF THE MERCHANTS’ MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW. A. N. B el l , M,'D.,'of Brhoklyp, ‘L ; I . , J. R us' s fll -UjiAfiFORD, of BdSfroh, Ala*.' ; S. D e W i t t ‘Bioope'ooD} of.New-Yorlc City. A l v i n B r o n s o 'n , .Chairnian'‘Board of Trade, Oswego, N. Y. W i l l i a m B. I>AyA,.'of New-York. E. H a s k e t D e r b y , of Boston, Mass. L . H a m i l t o n , of Cincinnati, Ohio. I. S m i t h H o m a n s , of New-York. T homas P. K ettell. L e v i , of Bondon. •. \ C. F. McK V’,\j£ G«\gia. * C. S. S t e r l i n g , of DincmnatjL Ohi(^J I s a a c H . U p t o n , Agent N. '^Board of Underwriters. C o m m a n d e r J. H . W a r d , U. S. Navy. J. W . S c o t t , of Toledo, Ohio. C. F. W r e a k s , Secretary Neptune Marine Insurance Co., N. Y. P rof. P rof. L eone OCT 31 1941 A L P H A B E T I C A L I N D E X TO 3UBJKCTS CONTAINED IX THE MERCHANTS’ MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW, V olume X L IV . FROM J A N U A R Y TO JU NE, 1S61, BOTH INCLUSIVE. E dited by I. Smith II omaxs, (S ecretary op the C hamber of Commerce N ew -Y ork ,) and W illiam B. D ana . A. A b a n d o n m e n t of ships, when justified, (law case,)..-................................................. 773 Abbeokuta, grbwth of cotton in,.................... 680 Abuse of credit,................................................. 39G Accidents by rail-roads in 1860,.................... 780 Act authorizing United States loan,............. 381 Admiralty, appeal in, (law case,).................. 72 “ law, “ .................. 623 Africa, cotton in ,...................................... 891, 679 “ the first railway in,........................... 119 Agriculture, statistics of,........................ 127, 382 “ o f Ireland,................................... 3S3 “ in South Australia,............................ 258 Albany, lumber trade o f,................................... 356 “ city and county, valuation o f,......... 221 “ banks, failures of,............................. 791 Alphabetical arrangement of U. S. Tariffs,.. 459 American sea officers in Great Britain,....... 657 “ street railways,............................... 7S0 Amsterdam, city o f,.......................................... 697 Ancient commercial cities o f low countries,. 689 Augola, growth of cotton in,........................... 680 Annual statement o f marine insurance com panies for 1860,................................................ 429 Antwerp—Anvers, city of,............................... 693 Arizona mines and mining companies,........ 242 Armstrong gun, how manufactured,............. 240 Asia Minor, growth of cotton in ,.................. 679 Assay office, N ew -Y ork,........... 81, 201, 330, 415 Assays o f silver ore,........................................ 222 Assignment, (law case,).................................. 7f5 Australia, cotton in ,.......................................... 391 Austria, value o f new silver florin,.................. 416 Average, general,............................................. 319 B. B a h a m a s , formation, population, & c.,... 45 Baltimore and Ohio Rail-Road,...................... 115 Banks o f Albany, failures o f,......................... 791 “ Canada, for January, 1861,............. 520 u Illinois................................................ 222 “ South Carolina,................................. 337 “ Wisconsin,............................... 94 Bank o f Exchange, St. Louis,.......................... 337 “ loans, New-York city,........................... 91 “ returns, weekly, o f New-York, Boston, Philadelphia, Pittsburg and New-Orleans, 86, 212, 336, 519 Banking, currency and finance, journal of, 84, 212, 336, 519 Bangor, survey of lumber at,......................... 358 Barbadocs, growth o f cotton in ,.................... 682 Barometer and the weather,........................... 360 Bar rolled iron, various tariffs on ,................ 564 Beacons in the Gulf o f Riga,......................... 529 of the State op Bills o f exchange, rates of, at New-York, 78, 199, 329, 416 Bond, suit on, (law case,)............................... 776 Books, not ices and reviews, 143, 271, 399, 542, 796 Blockade of southern ports, President’ s pro clamations, ............................................ 785, 786 Bombay Chamber o f Commerce, report for the years 1859-1860,...................................... 526 Borneo, cotton production o f,........................ 392 Boston Board o f Trade, meeting o f,............. 771 Boston weekly bank returns,............ 86, 213, 336 “ horse rail-roads,................................... 375 “ importations o f wool,.......................... 853 “ steam marine of,....................................355 Brazil, commerce of,........................................ 530 Bremen, emigration from,............................... 889 Brighton, cattle market for 1860,.................... 225 British and American life-boat societies,___752 u leather bankrupts,................................ 519 “ light-house commission,..................... 750 “ navy,.................................. 749 “ “ flogging in ,.................................. 761 Bruges, city o f,................................................. 690 Brussels, city of,............................................... 692 Buchanan, James, views on tariff,...................571 C. C a l h o n u , J. C., views on tariff,........ 565, Caloric engines in Spain and Germany,....... Canada, banks of, for 1860,.............................. “ commerce of,..................................... “ free ports in,...................................... “ immigration to,................................. “ timber, exports o f,........................... Canals, steam navigation on,......................... Cape Colony, cotton growth of,..................... Carolina Islands, Ianthe Shoal,...................... Cars of iron,....................................................... Cattle market o f Brighton,............................. Central heat o f the earth,............................... Centre o f the world,................................... Chamber of Commerce, New-York, proceed ings of,.................................... 420, 558, 763, Charter-party, lien. (law case,)....................... Charleston, population of,............................... China, tariffs on,............................................... Chinese merchants, visit to ,........................... “ proverbs,.......................... Chicago, exports of,.......................................... “ grain a t,............................................ “ losses by fire in,............................... “ rail-roads o f,.................................... Churches, dimensions o f European,.............. Cigarette papers,............................................. Cincinnati, population o f,............................... City, population of,.......................................... Clay, Henry, views on tariffs,........................ 566 229 520 637 662 387 611 779 681 641 244 225 398 390 791 72 261 564 140 267 857 352 364 537 136 246 133 65 56S IN D E X TO VOLU M E Clerks, English railway,.................................. 252 Clothing, different, United States tariffs on, 564 Coals in Russia,............................................... 126 Cocos Islands, Glendinning Shoals,.............. 641 Coffee, consumption in United States,......... 350 44 trade o f New-York,............................. 729 44 various tariffs on,................................ 564 (join, abrasion of,............................................. 270 44 sale in Philadelphia,.............................. 270 Coinage, French,............................................. 342 Collisions at sea, prevention of,...................... 109 “ in the harbor, (law case,)............... 625 u change in the rule o f damages, (law case,)................................... 627 “ at sea, (law case,)............................ 627 44 “ “ ............................. 628 Coming o f storms,.............................. „............ 642 Commerce, American, rise and progress o f,. 263 w o f Brazil,........................................ 530 “ o f Canada,..................................... 637 “ of France,...................................... 522 “ o f New-York, foreign,........ 591, 658 “ of Northern Italy,......................... 603 “ of the prairies,.............................. 19 44 o f Toronto,.................................... 631 Commercial acts and regulations,................. 652 44 chronicle and review, 196, 327, 413, 665, 787 “ and industrial cities,.......... 178, 631 “ paper, rates of,................. 78, 198, 332 44 regulations, 111, 232, 367, 530, 661, 7S4 Commission, rates recommended,.................. 234 Compass, its variation and deviation,........... 139 Comparative purity o f gold from modern m ines,............................................................ 340 Comparative, table o f prices at New-York for the years 1856, 1857,1858,1859,1860,1861, 210 Connecticut, population of,............................. 262 Construction o f steamers,................................ 307 Contribution by States for defence of Union, 790 Copyright, (law case,)..................................... 629 Copper from Lake Superior,........................... 876 44 interest o f Michigan,.......................... 701 “ mine of Minnesota,............................. 704 Correspondence, foreign,......................... 649, 792 Cotton, cottonized flax, flbrilia,...................... 547 “ crop, movement of,............................. 328 44 in Africa,.............................................. 391 44 in Australia,.................. 391 44 in Borneo,............................................... 392 “ in India,........ ...................................... 253 “ import, export and consumption of, in Great Britain,.... 354, 686, 782, 793 “ new route fo r ,.................................... 782 “ production of,...................................... 101 “ future supply o f,................................. 675 “ different U. S. tariffs on,.................... 564 Credit,................................................................ 268 “ abuse o f,................................................. 396 Crews o f stranded vessels, saving o f,............. 75S Crops, actual yield of,per acre,...................... 129 Cuba, cotton growth o f,................................... 6S2 “ finances o f,.............................................. 346 “ sugar crop o f,........................................ 96 Culture of hemp,............................................... 254 Cyprus, cotton growth o f,............................... 679 D. D n m of the Amster,...................................... 697 Damages for detention, (law case,)............... 629 Dangers o f the sea overcome,........................ 641 Dead letters,............................................. 238, 366 Debt of Illinois,............................................... 220 “ Pennsylvania,.................................... 221 Delft, town of,................................................... 696 Detroit, trade o f,............................................. 227 44 “ in staves,................................. 783 Distilled spirits, various U. S. tariffs on ,.. . 564 Dry goods for January,.................................... 82 44 44 February,..................................... 208 44 44 March,........................................ 334 X L IV . Dry goods for April,......................................... “ “ M a y ,........................................... 44 44 June,........................................... Dubuque, property of, in the last seven years, Duties received at New-York,.............. 208, Duty on hides, (law case,)............................. 44 lithographs,........................................ 44 m osaics,............................................. 44 plate paper,........................................ 44 pyrites,................................................ 44 silver watch cases,........................... 44 skeletons,........................................... 44 soda,.................................................... 44 trimming goods,................................ Dyeing, new discovery in process o f,........... 417 670 788 92 417 775 368 368 367 235 112 368 368 367 243 E. E a r t h , central heat of,................................ 396 Eastern shoes in Pennsylvania,.................... 228 Egyptj growth o f cotton in ,........................... 679 Egyptian frigate,............................................. 749 Electric telegraph from Dunwich to Amster dam, ............................................................... 529 Emigration from Bremen and H am burg,... 389 Engines, caloric, in Spain and Germany,... 229 English rail-roads, returns of,........................ 372 44 railway clerks,.................................. 252. Envelope business,.......................................... 142 Erie Rail-Road Company,............................... 776 Europe, steam line to ,.................................... 524 44 new light-houses in,......................... 638 European railways,.......................................... 892 Exports of Chicago,.......................................... 357 44 Great Britain,............................... 793 44 France,............................................ 523 44 New-York, 83, 208, 209, 835, 336, 728, 789 Exports and imports o f each State for the last four years,............................................... 728 Exports of quicksilver,.................................... 702 F. F a c t o r i e s o f L owell,.................................. 541 Failures in U. S. for January, 1861,.............. 327 44 reported for 1860,....... ....................... 203 Finances o f Cuba,............................................ 346 44 G eorgia,....................................... 93 44 South Carolina,............................ 219 44 U. S., for 1860,.............................. 84 Fire, losses by, in U. S .,................................. 364 44 lives lost by, in 1860,............................. 230 44 proof safes,............................................... 380 44 insurance companies, list of, belonging to Chicago Board o f Underwriters,.. 108 44 insurance companies, foreign, in Mass., 107 44 44 44 44 in N. Y., 106 Flax, growth of, and new method o f dressing, 547 Flogging in the British navy,........................ 761 Florin o f Austria, value of,.............. ........... 416 Flour, importation into Great Britain,......... 349 44 and grain, exports of, from Lake Michigan,...................................... 229, 857 44 and wheat, stocks and shipments o f,.. . 226 Food and foreign markets,............................. 348 Foreign commerce o f N ew -Y ork,.................. 591 44 correspondence,........................ 649, 792 44 mail service,...................................... 365 44 owners of vessels, (law case,)......... 772 France, changes in light-houses,.................. 640 44 commerce of,...................................... 522 44 dissolution o f the company o f the caisse M ik e s , ........................................ 795 44 gold loan to,........................................ 344 44 specie movements in,........................ 519 Freight, rates o f,............................................. 111 44 44 at Liverpool,........................ 795 Fremont, trade o f,............................................ 224 Free ports in Canada,...................................... 662 French coinage,............................................... 342 44 wines,............................. ?................... 137 Frigate, Egyptian,........................................... 749 Fur trade, the western,.................................. 103 IN D E X TO VOLU M E X L IV . V Insurance, journal of,....................... 106, 230, 362 “ marine rates of,....................... 230, 645 “ mutual, (law case,)........................ 617 246 319 Iowa, State Bank of,........................................ 222 “ wheat, production of,............................ 257 603 383 93 Ireland, agriculture o f,............... 136 Iron, coating with India Rubber,.................. 398 “ ca rs ,.......................................................... 248 691 564 locomotive,.............................................. 248 “ cost of making on Lake Superior,....... 541 229 “ ships ts. wooden ones,........................... 605 “ trade o f Marquette,................................. 125 340 “ “ o f Scotland,................................... 795 344 “ pig, different U. S. tariff's on,................ 564 243 “ bar rolled, different U. 8. tariffs on ,___564 “ manufactured, different U.S. tariffs on, 564 415 521 Italy, commerce of Northern,........................ 603 6S0 350 J. 783 130 .I n t u n i c a , cotton growth of,...................... 682 657 Jefferson, views on tariffs,............., .............. 562 782 Journal o f banking, currency and finance, 84, 212, 336, 519 793 “ of insurance,.........................106, 230, 362 “ of mercantile law, 72, 193, 324, 615, 772 354 “ of mining manufactures and art, 121, 240, 376, 541, 701 349 “ of nautical intelligence, 778 109, 236, 359, 529, 638, 749 610 659 L. 358 761 678 1^a g o s , cotton growth of, ......................... 680 259 Lake disasters, 1851—1860,............................. 582 “ Michigan, exports o f flour and grain, 784 229, 357 529 “ Superior, cop p e r,.!................................. 876 “ “ cost o f making iron on ,......... 541 Iff. Lakes, loss of life on, for 1860,......................... 237 “ losses on ,............................................... 643 H a m b u r g , emigration from,..................... 3S9 “ rail-roads and trade o f,...................... 119 Hamilton, Alexander, views on tariff's,........ 562 “ trade and tonnage o f,......................... 97 “ Canada, trade of,............................. 226 Law, stop, of Tennessee,................................. 668 “ County, Ohio, tax o f,...................... 342 Happiness and wealth,.................................... 138 Law cases, abandonment o f vessel, when justified,......................................................... 773 Hemp, culture o f,............................................ 254 Law cases, appeal in admiralty,.................... 72 History o f the U. S. tariff's from the tariff of “ assignment,.................................... 775 1789 to that o f 1861, inclusive,..................... 561 u collision at sea,.............................. 627 Hog crop o f Europe and America,.............. 131 “ collision at sea, right o f way,-----628 Home manufactures,...................................... 245 “ change in the rule o f damages,... 627 Horses, shoeing of cavalry,............................ 3S4 “ in the harbor,.................................. 625 Houston, Texas, prosperity of,...................... 120 “ copyright,....................................... 629 Hurricanes and gales, record of,.................... 588 “ duty on hides, fraudulent invoice, 775 “ damages for detention,................ 629 1. “ foreign owners o f vessels,............ 772 “ illegal coasting trade,................... 772 I l l i n o i s , banks o f,....................................... 222 “ innocent holder,............................ 825 “ debt o f,.......................................... 220 “ insurance,....................................... 617 “ two mill tax o f,............................ 222 “ liability o f ship-owners,___ 626, 630 w “ owners foreign ships,... 624 Immigration to Canada,............................. 387 “ to N ew -Y ork,............................ 387 “ “ for neglect,...................... 774 “ to United States,....................... 262 “ libel,................................................ 623 Imports o f France,.......................................... 522 “ marine policy,.................................. 626 “ Montreal,...................................... 227 u maritime law ,................................ 626 “ partners and agents,.................... 615 “ New-York, “ stay law of Missouri,..................... 680 81,202,206,334,417,418,724,789, 790 u suit on a bond,............................... 776 “ New-York, for the month of Jan uary, for several years,................................ 333 Lead, shipments o f,......................................... 708 Imports of dry goods at N ew -Y ork,.............. 208 Leaky vessels,................................................... 760 Leather bankrupts, British,............................. 519 “ and exports o f each State for the last four years,.............................................. 728 Leyden, city of,.................................. Imports and exports of naval stores,.............. 738 Liberia, growth o f cotton in ,........................... 679 “ of United States,................................. 227 Liege, City o f,................................................... 692 Importations o f guano,.................................... 784 Lies in trade,..................................................... 266 “ o f wool at Boston,.................... 353 Life-boat societies, British and American,... 752 India, cotton in ,............................................... 253 Life insurance policies, value of,............ 58, 184 “ loss at sea,............................................... 590 “ “ growth o f,................................. 685 “ indigo in ,.............................................. 393 Light, Drummond,........................................... 751 Indiana, population o f,................................... 134 Light-houses, new ones in Europe,___ 638, 753 “ changes in France,.................. 640 “ real and personal property in,___ 347 “ commission, British,................ 750 Insolvency cases in San Francisco for 1860,. 520 Insurance companies o f Penn., capital of.,... 362 Lisle, or Lille, City of,...................................... 693 0 . G a s , manufacture of,..................................... General average,............................................. Genoa? commerce of,........................... ......... Georgia, finances o f,........................................ Germany, marriage in,.................................... Ghent, city of,................................................... Glass, different U. S. tariff's on ,...................... Gloucester, shipping o f,.................................. Gold, comparative purity of, from modern mines,..................................................... “ loan to France,........................................ “ mines,....................................................... “ received from California and exported, 80, 200, 829, “ region o f Pike’ s Peak,........................... “ coast, cotton growth o f,........................ Grain at Chicago,............................................. “ movements o f,...................................... Grapes, culture of, in Sonoma V alley,......... Great Britain, American sea officers in,....... “ “ cotton used, where from, 676, “ “ “ exports of,................. “ “ import, export and consump tion of cotton,...................... “ “ importation o f wheat & flour into,...................................... “ “ railroads o f,............................ 4i “ timber trade of^...................... “ “ wool trade o f,................... 609, “ “ year’ s trade of,................. Great Eastern, voyage o f,............................... Greece, cotton growth o f,............................... Growth of New-Orleans,................................. Guano, importations of, under act o f 1856,.. Gulf of Riga, beacons in ,................................. 696 VI IN D E X TO List of tares, by law and custom ,.................. Lithographs, duty on ,...................................... Liverpool, rates o f freight a t,........................ Lives lost by fires in 1860,.............................. 44 by steamboat accidents in 1860,... Locomotive car, o f iron,................................. London Times, glance at its machinery,___ 44 streets, rail-roads in,......................... Louvain, city of,............................................... Loss of screw propellers in 1860,................... 44 on ships and freights in 1860,................ 44 of life at sea,............................................ Louisiana, State assessment for 1860,........... 44 sugar region o f,........................... Lowell, factories of,......................... ............... Lumber, survey of, at Bangor,..................... 44 trade o f Albany................................ ML V l n c h i n c r y in the useful arts,.................. Madder trade,.................................................. Madeira, cotton growth o f,............................ Madison, James, views on tariffs,.................. Mail service, foreign,...................................... Manufacture of gas,........................................ Manufactured iron, various U. S. duties on, Manure, production of, from atmosphere,... Massachusetts, foreign fire ins. companies in, 44 population of,......................... 44 rail-roads, for 1860,.............. 44 shoe trade of,......................... 44 valuation of,........................... Marine insurance in Europe,......................... 44 44 companies of New-York,. 44 losses for 1860,........................... 363, 44 44 for January, 1861,................... 44 44 for February, 1861,................. 44 44 for March, 1861,...................... 44 statistics,............................................ Mariners, notice to,............... ................ 529, Maritime law, (law case,).............................. Marriage in Germany,................................... Maryland, census returns o f,......................... Marquette iron trade, rise and progress o f,.. Maury, physical geography of the sea,......... Mercantile law, journal o f,....... 72, 193,324, 44 miscellanies,......... 137, 263, 391, Merchants, obituary of^................................... Michigan, copper interests o f,....................... 44 population o f,................................ Militia force of the United States,................ Mines, various gold ,....................................... 44 and mining companies of Arizona,.. Mining, manufactures and art, journal of, 121, 240, 376, 541, Minnesota copper mine,................................ 44 population o f,............................... 44 statistics o f,.................................. Mint at Phila., deposits and coinage of, 81, 201, 330, Missouri stay law, (law case,)....................... Molasses, consumption of, in United States, 44 trade o f New-York, 716, 717, 718, Monthly stock table,....................................... Montreal, imports o f,...................................... Mosaics, duty on ,............................................. N. N a i l s , to coat iron, with tin ,...................... Natal, cotton growth of^................................. Nautical intelligence. 109, 236, 359, 529, 638, Naval architecture, American,..................... 44 stores, imports and exports o f N. Y., Navy, British,.................................................. 44 44 flogging in ,.............................. New discovery in the process of dyeing,__ New-Jersey, population o f,........................... New-Orleans, growth o f,............................... 44 sugar crop,................................... “ weekly bank returns,... 88, 214, 44 Opelousas and Gt.West’ n R .K .,. VO LU M E X L IV . 232 New steam line to Europe,............................ 524 368 New system o f railway,.................................. 539 795 New-York City Assay Office, business o^ 81, 201, 330, 415 231 U 41 1m nQ Q1 236 44 cash duties rec’ d at,' 208* 417,789 248 44 44 coffee trade of^.................... 729 394 44 44 exports from, 779 693 83, 208, 209, 335, 725, 789 44 44 foreign com’rco of, thirty236 six years, 591 592 44 44 44 44 1861,....... 658 590 44 44 gold rec’ d at, and exported, 342 80, 200, 329, 415 129 44 44 imports of, in Nov., 1860,. 81 541 44 44 44 in January, for 358 different years, 333 356 44 44 44 82, 83, 202, 206, 334 417, 418, 724, 789, 790 44 44 44 and exports o f naval stores, 738 704 44 “ rate o f bills o f exchange, 100 78, 199, 329, 416 679 562 New-York City and State rail-roads,............. 373 4 4 4 4 weekly bank returns,... 86, 212 365 44 Central Kail-Road,......................... 250 246 4 4 4 4 4 4 report o f........... 369 564 44 foreign insurance companies in,.... 106 384 4 4 and Pennsylvania rail-roads,......... 370 107 44 sugar receipts o f,. ..........................705 182 Night signals,................................................... 644 537 850 Nile, sources o f,............................................... 391 Norfolk, trade o f,............................................. 224 344 645 North America, rail-roads in,......................... 672 429 North Carolina, population o f,...................... 262 44 44 rail-roads o f,........................ 375 430 433 Northern Italy', commerce o f,....................... 603 434 Notice to mariners,.................................. 529, 663 584 423 O. 663 626 O b i t u a r y of prominent merchants..,.......528 136 Ocean steamers, number o f passengers by,. 22S 260 Odd Fellows, order of, .................................. 262 125 Ohio and Mississippi Kail-Eoad,................... 778 593 615 P. 657 528 Paper, new kind, for cigarettes,................. 246 701 Partners and agents, (law case,)...................... 615 390 Passengers, number of, by ocean steamers,.. 228 259 Pennsylvania and N. Y . rail-roads compared, 370 44 debt o f,........................................ 221 243 44 insurance, law o f,..................... 107 242 44 44 companies, capital of, 362 44 population of,............................ 388 701 704 Peru, cotton growth of,................................... 682 261 Philadelphia, assessed value o f real estate,.. 93 44 horse rail-roads o f,.................... 120 127 44 weekly b’ k returns of, 87, 213, 836 415 Physical geography o f the sea and its meteo rology,............................................................ 593 630 354 Pickens, of Mass., views on tariff,...................566 719 Pig iron, different, U. 8. tariffs on ,................. 564 343 Pike’ s Peak gold region,................................ 521 227 Pittsburg weekly bank returns,....... 89, 215, 336 368 Plate paper, duty on ,....................................... 367 Plows, steel, duty o n ,...................................... 112 Population o f Charleston,................................. 261 44 44 Cincinnati,................................. 133 124 44 44 Connecticut,.............................. 262 44 44 Indiana,..................................... 134 681 44 44 Maryland,.................................. 260 749 44 44 Massachusetts,.......................... 132 359 44 44 Michigan,................................... 390 738 44 44 Minnesota,................................. 261 749 44 44 N ew-Jersey,............................. 135 761 44 44 North Carolina,........................ 262 243 44 44 Pennsylvania,............................ 388 135 44 44 United States,......... 886, 890, 540 259 44 44 Victoria,........ ........................... 138 723 44 44 Wisconsin, ................................ 132 336 “ 44 various cities o f U. States,. . . 65 777 IN D E X TO V O LU M E X L IV . V ll Population and formation o f Bahamas,........ 45 Rotterdam, city of,. ........................................ 696 44 city,...................................................... 65 Russia, coals in,............................................... 126 “ interesting speculation on increase 44 trade and harvest o f,........................ 382 o f , .................................................... 185 44 statistics o f,................182,259,386, 540 S. 44 western,............................................. 261 Postal department,.................... 113, 237,365, 646 S nhotH or wooden shoes,............................. 245 Postage stamps and stamped envelopes,___237 Safes, fire proof,..................................................3S0 Sale o f coin in Philadelphia,........................... 270 Post-office, receipts and expenditures of,___237 Prairies, commerce o f,..................................... 19 Sales o f rail-roads,............................................ 776 San Francisco, insolvency cases in, for 1860, 520 President’ s proclamation blockading south ern ports,.............................................. 785, 786 Save it in something else,............................... 269 Saving crews o f stranded vessels,................ 758 Prices, comparative table of, at New-York, for the last five years,.................................... 210 Scottish iron trade,.......................................... 795 Production o f manure from the atmosphere, 3S4 Screw propellers,.............................................. 643 44 o f cotton,........................................ 101 44 44 loss of, in 1860,................... 236 Profits and partnership,.................................... 193 Sea, dangers overcome,.................. : .............. 641 590 Propellers, screw,....... ..................................... 643 44 loss o f life at,.............................. 593 Proverbs, Chinese.............................................. 267 44 physical geography of,.............. Providence, weekly bank returns o f ,. ... 90, 217 44 prevention o f collisions at,...................... 109 Public lands, statistics of,................................. 258 Sherbro, growth of cotton in,.......................... 679 Pyrites, duty on,................................................ 235 Ships, iron, ®8. wooden,................................... 605 Shipping o f Gloucester,................................... 229 Shoal, Caroline Islands,................................... 641 Q. 44 Cocos Islands,...................................... 641 Q u a r a n t i n e , its necessity, origin, &c.,... 403 Shoe trade of Massachusetts..............................350 44 regulations, report o f the Shoes, eastern, in Pennsylvania,.................... 228 fourth national quarantine and sanitary Shoeing o f cavalry horses,................................. 384 convention,................................................... 147 Sierra Leone, growth o f cotton in,................ 679 644 Quartz mills o f Rocky Mountains,................ 121 Signals, night,.......................... Quicksilver, exports o f,.................................... 702 Silk weaving,..................................................... 123 44 worm, new,.................................... 657 Quick voyage,................................................... 653 Silver at the U. S. m int,................................. 346 44 ore, assays o f,........................................ 222 K. Skeletons, duty on ,.......................................... 368 Social philosophy, review o f different sys R a i l - R o a d , canal and steamboat sta tems, .............................................................. 275 tistics,.. 115, 117, 247, 369, 537, 672, 776 44 N. Y . Central, .•............................ 250 Societies, British and American Life-boat,.. 752 44 Ohio and Mississippi,............... 778 Soda, duty on,................................................... 868 “ Sunbury and E rie,..................... 781 South Australia, agriculture o f,.................... 25S Rail-roads, a new system o f,.......................... 539 South Carolina, banks o f,............................... 337 44 accidents on, in 1860,........... 249, 780 44 44 finances of,.............................. 219 44 and trade o f lakes,.........................119 44 44 rail-roads o f,........................... 378 44 Baltimore and Ohio,..................... 115 Spain, population of,........................................ 135 44 British,........................................... 778 Specie movements in France,........................ 519 44 English returns o f,....................... 872 Spirits, distilled, different U. S. tariffs o n ,.. 564 44 European,......................................... 892 Statistics of agriculture,.................. 127,253, 382 44 horse, of Boston and vicinity,. . . 875 44 o f Indiana,.................................. 347 44 44 of Philadelphia,................. 120 44 o f Minnesota,............................. 127 44 marine,........................................ 423 44 in streets of London,..................... 779 44 New-York City and State,.......... 373 44 population,............... 132,259, 386,540 44 o f Chicago,..................................... 537 44 post-office department,.............. 646 44 of trade and commerce, “ o f Massachusetts, for 1860,.......... 537 “ o f New-York, annual report of,. 869 96, 223, 348, 522, 782 “ o f North America,......................... 672 44 rail-road, canal and steamboat, 44 o f North Carolina,......................... 375 115, 247, 369, 537, 672, 776 44 o f South Carolina,......................... 873 Statistical table o f failures for 1860,.............. 204 44 o f Switzerland,.................................118 State Bank o f Iow a,........................................ 222 44 contributions for defence o f the Union, 790 44 o f T urkey,........................................ 250 “ taxation, rate o f,.................................... 521 44 o f the United States,........................371 States, trade ofi................................................. 659 •41 sales o f,........................................... 776 44 the first African,............................... 119 Staves, trade or, year 1860,.................... 613, 783 Steamboat accidents in 1860,................ 236, 752 Randolph, John, views on tariff,.................... 566 Raising sunken vessels,................................... 760 Steam line to Europe, new ,........................... 524 4 4 marine of Boston,.................................. 355 Rates o f commission recommended,............... 234 44 navigation on canals,........................... 779 44 commercial paper,............. 78, 198, 332 4 4 on the Welland canal,........................... 657 44 freight,...................................................I l l 44 wagons for common roads,.................. 247 44 insurance,............................................ 280 Steamers, construction o f,............................... 307 44 State taxation,................................... 521 44 number of passengers by each line, 228 Red River raft,................................................. 656 Stick to your own business,............................. 264 Reciprocity treaty, U. S. and Canada,......... 160 Record of hurricanes, gales, & c.,.................. 588 Stock table, monthly,........................................ 343 Stocks and shipments o f flour and wheat,... 226 Report of Bombay Chamber of Commerce,. . . 526 44 wool trade o f Great Britain,......... 609 Stop law of Tennessee,........................... 824, 663 Revenue protest,.............................................. 74 Storms, coming of,.................................. St. Louis, weekly bank returns,— 90, 216, 387 Review, historical and critical, o f different systems of social philosophy,........................ 275 St. Mary’ s, trade and prospects of,................ 104 Street railways in Am erica,............................. 780 Review of books and the book trade, 143, 271, 399, 542, 796 Submarine telegraphic cables^........................ 758 Richmond, sale o f real estate in ,.................. 340 Sugar, consumption of, in United States,... 228 44 crops o f Cuba,....................................... 96 44 sugar refinery,................................... 244 44 44 New-Orleans,......................... 723 Rise and progress o f American commerce,.. 263 44 receipts o f the United States,.............. 70T Rocky Mountains, quartz mills of,...................121 642 V lll IN D E X TO Sugar refinery o f Richmond,.......................... u region of Louisiana,............................. “ tariffs on,............................................... “ trade of 1860,......................................... Suggestions as to Quarantine,........................ Summary o f lake disasters, 1851—1860,......... Sunbury and Erie Rail-Road,......................... , Sunken vessels, raising o f,............................. Sweden, its tariff,............................................. Switzerland, railways in,................................ V O LU M E X L IV . 244 United States, militia force o f;...................... 259 129 “ immigration to ,..........................262 “ imports of;................................. 22T 564 705 “ mint, Philadelphia, opera 403 tions o f;.. 81, 201, 330, 346, 415 582 “ molasses trade of; 760 716, 717, 718, 719 781 “ population o f,.................. 386, 540 “ post-office, revenue and ope 419 rations of;........................... 113 118 “ proclamation o f President of, T. blockading southern ports, 7S5, 786 T a r e s , list o f by law and custom,............. 232 u rail-roads o f,.................... 371 Tariff o f United States, 1842-1861,................ 437 “ sugar receipts of,..................... 707 “ history of the different U. S. tariffs,... 561 “ tariff o f 1861,........................... 437 “ Swedish,................................................. 419 “ tariffs for 1812, 1846, 1857, “ Turkish,................................................. 661 1861,............................................................... 459 Taxation, rates o f different States,................ 521 United States tariffs, history of, from the Telegraph from Dunwich to Amsterdam,. . . 529 first enacted, 1789, to that o f 1861, inclu Telegraphic cables, submarine,...................... 758 sive, ................................................................ 561 Tennessee, stop law of,........................... 324, 663 Useful arts, machinery in,.............................. 705 Ten years, changes o f;.................................... 141 Texas, rail-roads o f,........................................ 777 V. The future supply o f cotton,........................... 675 “ first African railway,............................... 119 V a lu a tio n o f Hamilton Co., Ohio,......... 342 “ Great Eastern,.......................................... 761 “ “ life insurance policies,. 58,. 184 “ Hague, short account o f;........................ 695 “ “ Louisiana,............................. 342 Time gun at Edinburgh,................................. 643 “ “ Massachusetts,...................... 344 Timber trade o f Great Britain,...................... 610 Venezuela, cotton growth o f,......................... 682 Tin, British exports o f,.................................. 703 Vessels, leaky,...................... 760 Tobago, cotton growth of,............................... 6S2 “ sunken, raising o f;......................... 760 Toronto, C. W ., commerce o f,........................ 631 Victoria, population o f,................................... 183 Trade and commerce, statistics of, Vitriol, manufacture of, in California,......... 245 96, 223, 348, 522, 782 “ and tonnage o f the lakes,.................... 97 W. “ lie s ,........................................................ 266 “ marks bill,............................................. 774 W a t c h C a s e s , silver, duty on ,................. 112 “ o f Detroit,............................................. 227 “ and clock, difference between,__ 124 “ o f Fremont,........................................... 224 Wealth, what becomes o f it ,............................397 ‘‘ o f Hamilton,.......................................... 226 “ and happiness,.................................. 138 “ o f Norfolk,.: .......................................... 224 “ and poverty, naturo o f;................... 141 “ o f the States,......................................... 659 Weather and the barometer,......................... 360 “ o f St. Mary’ s, and prospects o f;......... 101 Webster Daniel, views on tariffs,.................. 566 “ the madder,........................................... 100 Welland canal, steam on ,............................... 657 “ the sugar, o f San Francisco,............... 102 Western population,........................................ 261 “ the western fur,.................................... 103 “ waters, disasters on,......................... 752 Trade winds, remarks on ,............................... 600 Whale fishery in 1860,..................................... 223 Train’ s street railway in London,................ 779 Whaling business, the right,........................... 99 Treasury instructions,............................. 653, 785 Wheat, importation into Great Britain,....... 349 Trimming goods, duty o n ,............................. 367 “ and flour, stocks and shipments o f.,. 226 Tunis, cotton growth in ,................................. 629 “ production in Iow a ,........................... 257 Turkey, cotton growth in,............................. 678 Wilmington, N. C., shipment o f naval stores, 748 Turkish railway,............................................. 250 Wines, French,................................................. 13T Wisconsin, banks o f;....................................... 94 IT. “ population o f;...................................132 W ooden ships vs. iron ships,.......................... 605 U n i o n , State contributions for defence of, 790 W ooden shoes or sabots,.............................. 245 United States, area of;.................................... 382 W ool importations at Boston,........................ 353 “ act authorizing loan,.............. 331 “ trade o f Great Britain,...... .......... 609, 659 “ consumption o f coffee,.......... 350 Woollens, different, U. S. tariffs o n ,.............•564 “ “ of molasses,.... 354 Would I were ricli,.......................................... 395 “ “ o f sugar,.......... 228 World’ s centre,................................................. 390 “ finances of, for 1860,.............. 84 Wright, Silas, remarks on proposed U. S. “ losses by fire in,..................... 364 ' tariff,.............................................................. 571
@FedFRASER