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H U N T ’S COMMERCIAL R E V I E W . jy t jb . C O N D U C T E D 1!Y F R E E M A N H U N T , A. M., M A M B E R O r T H E N E W Y O R K C H A M B E R O F C O M M E R C E ; C O R R E S P O N D I N G M E M B E R OF T H E A M E R I C A N A ND LO ND ON S T A T I S T I C A L S O C I E T I E S ; M E M B E R O F T H E N E W Y O R K H I S T O R I C A L S O C I E T Y J H O N O R A R Y M E M B E R OF T H E M E R C A N T I L E L I B R A R Y A S S O C I A T I O N S OF N E W YORK, PHILA D ELPH IA , BOSTON, BALTIM ORE, LOUISVILLE, C H A R L E S T O N , AND C I N C I N N A T I , E T C . FROM JANUARY TO JUNE, INCLUSIVE, 1857. Nero $ork: r U B L I S l I E D AT 142 FULT ON- STREET. 1857 CONTRIBUTORS TO THE THIRTY-SIXTH VOLUME O? T HE MERCHANTS’MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW. Counselors-at-Law, New York. H enry B. A uciiincloss , Esq., of New York. D avid M. B alfour, Esq., of Massachusetts. A. N . B ell, M. I V ' N q w ^ o rk , k ^ ^ jf the United States Navy. J ohn P . B rown, Esq., of the United States Legation a t Constantinople. H enry C. Carey, Esq., Author of “ The Principles of Political Econ omy,” “ The Past, Present, and Future,” “ The Harmony of Interests, Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Commercial,” of Pennsylvania. E. H . D erby, Esq., Counselor-at-Law, of Massachusetts. H enry M. F lint , Esq., of Illinois. Charles W . F rederickson, Broker, of New York. D aniel It. H undley, Esq., of Illinois.. • * * « •** " • A. B. J.oilnsoNj Esqi, *£rj3s5dent of the Branch Batik of Ontario. CALEivLAMsp.vKsq./CWnsefor-at-Lav.v o£* Massachusetts. J ames M cH enry fc'jDe.,, American.Commission Merchants, of Liverpool. A dolphus Meier & Co., 'Merchants, of Missouri. E. M eriam , Esq., of New Y-drk.t • P liny M iles , Esq., of New York. E. P. P eabody, of Massachusetts. C. J. W. B ussell, Esq., of California. J . W. S cott, Esq., of New York. L. W. T enei.l i , Esq., of New York. G eorge F rancis T rain , Esq., Merchant. A masa W alker, Esq.,, late Secretary of Slate of Massachusetts. G eorge M. W eston, Esq., of Maine. D avid W ilder , Jr., Esq., of Massachusetts. F r e e m a n H u n t , Editor and Proprietor. A b bot t B r o t h e r s , OCT 31.1941 S o d s- I N D E X TO V O L U M E X X X V I . , FROM JANUARY TO JUNE, INCLUSIVE, 1857. A * IS . Baltimore, Peabody Institute in............ 434, 068 44 banks, condition of th e............... 467 Bank, dividend day at th e ............................ 131 14 capital and circulation in State of New York, increase o f............................ 725 “ of England................................... 559, 682 “ of France........................................... 5GI “ of Ireland, property o f ...................... 222 “ of Paris, the international................. G82 Banking, currency, and finance, journal of, 81, 217, 337, 455, 589, 721 “ and bankers in England............... 680 w in New York, the three eras of__ 592 “ law and banks of Illinois,new__ 469 Bank-note redemption, act of N. Y. Slate on. 727 Bank-notes, the use of................................... 424 “ doing double duty, half............... 729 Bankrupt merchant, anecdote of a .............. 773 Bankruptcy and barbarism in London......... 519 Banks and banking in New York State........ 465 “ and banking law of Missouri............... 725 “ connected with Montreal...................... 41 “ dividends for five years of Boston.... 596 “ in Arkansas......................................... 541 u in Baltimore, condition of the.............. 407 u in Boston, weekly averages of, 74, 208, 330, 459, 582, 714 “ in Europe, first establishment o f ........ 85 “ in Massachusetts, condition of............. 341 “ 44 dividends o f........... 81 44 the savings............ 344 PA GE PAGE Abandonment—insurance............................ 4.13 Abbott’s horometer............................... . . . . 485 Absecum, New Jersey, lighthouse a t .... 98, 307 Action, the watchword of success................ 391 44 to recover lor injury done to goods in private warehouse........................ 325 Advertising bores.......................................... 264 Affreightment, parol contract of................... 706 Africa, commerce and productions of.......... 514 African slave trade........................................ 137 Agents—action to recover value of cotton sold to a manufacturer.............................. 324 Agricultural future of. United States............ 116 44 products & labor in olden times 755 Agriculture of United States........................ 371 44 statistics of... 113, 371, 492, 635, 752 Alabama, financial condition of.................... 223 u va.ley, first American trader t o . . . 519 Albany, barley trade of.................................. 230 44 real and personal property in ......... 222 Algiers, cultivation of cotton in................... 113 America, Central, population of................... 500 41 the wine grape in.......................... 635 American commerce, present and future of. 516 44 enterprise abroad.......................... 263 Americans and American trade at Constanti nople. By John P. rown........................ 282 Apprentices, a good lesson fo r..................... 518 Arkansas, finances and debt of..................... 541 Assay office, New Yo.k, deposits at, 71, 206,328, 457,580, 711 Assignments—debtor and creditor................ 68 44 in Kentucky,of fraudulent... 349 Australia, railways i n ................................... 253 Banks in Boston, capital & divid’ds in ’56-7.. 722 44 in Missouri, condition of..................... 209 44 in New Jersey, statement of April.’57 582 44 in New O rleans.... 208, 330, 459, 582, 714 44 in New York city, weekly averages of, 73, 207,330, 458, 581, 712 *4 in New York (State) condition of.---- 723 44 44 44 the savings....... 721 44 in Pennsylvania, condition o f ............ 208 44 in Portland, M e.................................... 208 44 in United States .. . ....... 217, 338, 342 44 in Wisconsin, condition o f ................ 330 44 Mr. Gilbart and the joint stock...........682 44 origin of savings................................. 82 Bank stock, fluctuations in Boston, for ’56... 343 44 transfer o f ................................. 454 Bargain, a curious............... 518 44 a Quaker......................................... 648 Barley trade of Albany .......................... 230 Biography, mere., 147,313, 428, 517, 641, G46, 769 Birds, trade in, and commercial value o f.. . 375 Book trade, the........ 139,265, 393,521, 649, 777 Bottomry—hypothecation of ship, etc........ 452 Boston banks....... 74, 208, 330, 459, 582, 714, 722 44 44 for five years, dividends of.__ 596 44 bank stock, 11actuations in ’56 of.___ 343 44 fire insurance in ................................. 4.-4) 44 insurance companies, dividends of... 227 44 44 . .*44 IS in ’56.............. 346 44 market, railroad and city bonds sold in 1856-7 i n .................................... 342 44 sales of stock of manufacturing com panies in 1856-7 in.......................... 384 44 mere, lib’y asso’n, donation for........ 668 44 with Mediterranean &• India, com. of 731 Brazil, light on the east coast of................... 96 Bread, the basis of commercial enterprise... 390 44 and meat in cities, prices o f .............. 494 Breadstuffs, United States exports to Great Britain and Ireland.................. 92 44 & provisions, U . S. exp’ts of, 79, 89 44 into G. B. in 1856, imports o f... 733 British patents............................................... 129 44 pawnbroker’s catechism.................... J35 44 postal 8) stem, work of the................ 622 44 railways, tariff of taxes o n ................ 377 44 royal lifeboat institution...................... 743 44 wreck register for 1855....................... 743 Brooklyn, Berden’s bakery in........................ 258 Burlington, Iowa, descript’n & statistics of.. 687 Business firms, titles o f ................................... 520 C. Calcutta, directions for approaching the Sand Heads in both monsoons............................ 365 Calcutta, port rules of.................................... 738 California, bonded and war debt of.............. 210 44 Chinese population of.................. 640 44 fisheries. By C J. W. Russell.... 573 44 gold mining i n ............................. 631 44 gold received at New York.......... 340 California, the debt o f ............ ................... 469 Canada, commercial progress of................... 479 44 imports at the several ports and du ties collected in 1856..................... 361 44 justice to—the 44 almighty dollar”. . . 645 44 post-office department of................. 757 IV INDEX TO VOLUME XXXVI. PACK Canadian canal*............................................. 38 Commercial intercourse between the United Canal, Lake Erie and Michigan transit ship.. 030 States and Two Sicilies.......... 239 44 the Suez............................................. 250 44 regulations 104,239, 348, 483,599,735 44 value of pictures....................... 137 “ boats, no United States tax on.......... 376 “ the Sault Ste Marie........................... 765 Commissions, rates recommended by Cham Canals, tolls on the New Y ork..................... 253 ber of Commerce of New York.......... 107, 483 44 trade, tolls, and tonnage of the N. Y. 502 Communication not slander, a privileged__ 482 Capital & labor, high price of. By D. Wilder 53 Compass, M. Del uil’s self registering............ 99 “ unproductive ..................................... 549 Concealment of immaterial tact no fraud.... 68 u fixed and circulating.......................... 550 Coustantinople, American trade with............ 282 Carriers, rights of colored pass, and common 577 44 commercial regulations a t... 290 Cashmere goat and shawls............................ 133 44 light on Stephano Burun, Cent” of the U. S. coinage, the old 44red . . . . 392 near entrance of channel of........................ 486 Cents at U. S. Mint, coinage of......................470 Consular fees of the United States................ 104 Character better than credit.......................... 261 Contract for future delivery of flour—position of brokers..................................... 318 Charter party—custom—arbitration.............. 202 44 guaranty and original-:................... 68 44 navigation of Western rivers. 449 44 —hiring of slaves............................. 455 Checks, law of England on............................ 86 44 of affreightment, parol.................. 706 Cheese consumed in Paris, statistics of.........310 Chicago beef trade......................................... 374 44 non-performance at the day—pass’r 707 44 in 1856. By II. M. Flint...................565 Coolies, truffle in. By I). R. llundley............ 570 44 trade in Cuba in, the........................ 774 “ w tonnage of........................ 252 “ post office, statistics for 20 years__ 488 Copper mining at Lake Superior in 1856__ 747 “ China, our relations with” .......................... 392 Cotton crop of 1856-7, sixty-five estimates of 638 44 war of Great Britain with................ 558 from United states to foreign coun tries in 1855-6, exports of............... 732 “ sea-beacon tower at Kiu T’oan___621 Cincinnati, pork trade a t................................. 616 imported into France........................ 360 “ prices of produce & merchandise in Algiers,cultivation of.................... 113 manufacture in the West................... 385 a t......................... 90,229,363,477 w trade of......................................... 92 market, review of New York, Cities in U. S., postal carriage in certain....... 758 79, 215, 335, 463, 587, 719 packing regulations for......................... 351 “ valuation and taxation in....... 468 presses at New Orleans....................... 517 Clearing House for English railroads............ 125 seed o il............................................... 386 Clerks an'1 salesmen, choosing...................... 134 value and price of U. S. exports......... 79 44 Christian............................................. 773 Cleveland, commerce of Ohio Canal at......... 120 Credit system—some of its evils................... 387 Clock business, American............................. 131 dispensing of mercantile..................... 775 44 French railroad........................... 630 Currency, a uniform...................................... 597 Cloth, manufacture of enameled................... 254 the nature of. By A. Walker.. . 671 Customs and regulations of Hamburg, revised 348 Coal consumed in manufacture of iron at the Rumney Iron Works, South Wales............ 257 I> . Coal, how bought and sold in London.......... 264 44 in New South Wales............................. 258 Danish sound dues.......... ..................... 228, 685 44 oils, manufacture of........... j .................385 Danvers, Mass, Peabody Institute in ...............434 “ production of Pennsylvania.....................511 Debt of California, bonded............................ 210 44 the................................... 469 Coinage, adaptation of precious metals fo r.. 405 Illinois............................................. 544 44 at British Mint........................... 87 the United States............................. 337 “ of France....................... 561 Debt, liability, and assets of South Carolina.. 540 44of U.8 . Mints, monthly statement of 72, 206, 329, 457, 580, 711 Debtor and creditor—assignments................ 68 Delaware, finances of..................................... 539 w of the U. 8 . and Great Britain, rela tive value of 597 Delivery, contract for future......................... 318 Coins at U. S. Mint, foreign................... ........ 470 Derby, Elias flasket, merchant of Salem. By E. H. Dei by............................................... . 44 of U.S., counterfeiting the............. 724 Detroit and Philadelphia, trade between....... 518 Collision between a steamer and schooner— aportiouraent.................................................326 Dollar: “ the almighty.” By A. B..Johnson.. 48 Collision, damages in case of........................ 68 4‘ Dollar, the almighty” -justice to Canada... 645 44Don’t stay long.” .......................................... 520 44 —lights—cloudy weather—duty of 67 steamers.................................... 575 Draft: 44payable in gold dust.” .................. Commerce, article on. By G. M. Weston__ 19 Dry goods and brand y ................................... 774 44 by the Suez Caual, increase of... 250 E. 44 of Boston with the Mediterra nean and India........................ 731 Enameled cloth, manufacture of................... 254 44 of France, 1845-55........................ 735 England, adulteration of food and drugs in.. 515 44 bank o f................................... 559, 682 “ of Great Britain............................ 359 44 import of specie and bullion, ’56... 597 44 of Russia....................................... 259 44 on payment of checks, law of......... 86 M of United States in 1856, 44 railway shareholders in .................. 253 355, 472, 608, 733 44 regulations of buoy s and beacons on Commerce of the lake ports............................ 89 the coast of.................................................. 619 44 one of the curiosities of............... 519 Europe, establishment of banks in ................ 85 * statistics of trade and, 87, 228, 355, 472, 608, 730 44 direct trade betw’11 our lake ports and 438 44 the New York Chamber of........... 441 European commercial correspondence. By Geo. F. Train.......................... 188, 296, 557, 677 44 44 44 Pliny Miles 6!io Commercial advantages of Great Britain....... 771 Evils of commercial supremacy. By 1). R. Hundley...................................................... 3 16 44 and industrial cities of the U. S. 552, 687 Exchange, of computing sterling and French. 469 4‘ chronicle and review, F. 69, 204, 327, 455, 578, 709 44 enterprise, bread the basis of . . . 390 Factors, important to underwriters and........ 747 44 importance of Beirut in Syria... 770 Failures in 1856, mercantile.......................... 595 44 progress of Canada...................... 479 Farming lands, speculation in........................ 440 V INDEX TO VOLUME XXXVI, PAOB Finances and debt of Arkansas.......................... ... 541 it tt Illinois................. tt tt Louisiana.............. .. . 540 tt tt tt tt Massachusetts....... tt it Michigan.............. it it New York............ it It North Carolina ... .. . 539 tt it Ohio.................... . . . 542 tt it Pennsylvania....... . . . 538 tt it the States of the Union 531 . . . 539 tt of Delaware. “ Io w a............................................. 44 New Jersey..................................... 53/ 44 Rhode Island.................................. 53o 44 Wisconsin...................................... 54? Financial condition of Alabama...................... 223 44 44 Indiana........................ 544 44 44 Missouri...................... 339 44 44 Texas........................... 344 Fire insurance................................................ 346 44 decision on a policy o f.......... 483 44 in Boston................................. 480 “ practical question in 345, 624, 626, 744 Fires, means of arresting................................ 745 Fisheries of California.................................... 573 44 Massachusetts, mackerel & other 616 Food and drugs in England, adulteration of. 515 Food of Paris: pork and cheese......................303 France, bank of............................................... 561 44 imports of cotton into........................ 360 44 postal treaty between U. S. and........ 622 44 financial prosperity of....................... 679 44 in 1847-55, commerce o f ................... 735 44 new method of making perfumes in. 750 “ post-office system of.......................... 758 Fraud, concealment of immaterial fact no. .. 68 Fraudulent assignments in Kentucky............. 349 Furs and skins, import of iuto London......... 88 Fur trude of Minnesota.................................. 362 G. Galena, business o f........................................ Gas works in Great Britain............................ Georgia, mineral wealth o f............................ Glass, printing colored designs on................ Gloucester, Mass., trade to Surinam.............. Gold and silver, movements of...................... Gold mining in California ............................ Grains, new method for drying wet.............. Great Britain, commerce of............................ 44 mining results i n ..................... 44 commercial advantages of_ 44 imports of breadstuffs in 1856. Great Britain, relative value of coinage of U. States a n d .................................................. Guano—its history......................................... 44 trade ................................................ Guaranty and original contract...................... Gutta-percha, the strength of......................... 91 257 632 751 513 425 631 776 359 512 771 733 597 638 686 68 255 II. Hamburg, revised customs and regulations in 348 Hams, premium recipes for curing.............. 495 Havre, imports of cotton................................ 360 Hogs, sheep, beeves, etc., consumed in New York city...................................................... 492 Hudson’s Bay Company................................. 262 Hurd, A. M., Jo sep h ..................................... 769 I. Ice, forming of artificial................................. 46 Illinois Central Railroad.................................. 507 44 debt o f ............................................... 544 44 new banking law and banks of.......... 469 44 the Chinese sugar-cane i n .................. 494 44 threshing out debts in........................ 774 Immigration at port of New York......... 369, 496 Indorsing n o tes............................................. 647 Inspection of provisions in Ohio................... 484 Insurance—abandonment.......................• • • • 453 “ company, N. England mutual life.. 223 44 companies, dividends of Boston... 227 tt 44 in 1856, Boston............ 346 “ Daniel Webster’s experience in. . . . 101 44 decision on policy of fire.................. 483 44 in Boston, fire............................. . 480 44 journal o f .. 100,223, 345, 480, 624, 744 44 marine ............................................ 103 44 practical question of fire .. 345 624, 744 Interest, law aud rates o f........................ 55, 444 44 methods of computing..................... 589 44 in United States, rates o f ....................705 44 short method of calculating. By H. B. Auchincloss........................................... 196 Iowa, assessable property in.......................... 248 44 in 1856, census of................................. 497 44 population and progress of..................247 44 the city of Burlington in ...................... 687 Ireland, decline in the population of............ 639 44 in 1851, census of.............................. 120 44 lighthouse on Rathlin Island........... 97 44 property of the Bank of.................... 222 Iron and coal in New South Wales................ 258 44 castings, patterns for............................. 256 44 coating with zinc, e tc ............................ 130 44 in building, the use o f ......................... 643 44 manufacture of, and the consumption of coal...................................................... 257 44 more useful than gold........................... 260 44 of Lake Superior.................................. 128 44 ore, black b a u d .................................... 386 44 44 of Oneida County, N. Y.................. 635 Italy’s manufactures and exports of silk....... 193 J. Java, population, commerce, & resources of 759 Journal of banking, currency, and finance, 81,217, 337, 455, 589, 721 44 insurance.. 100, 223, 345, 480, 624, 744 44 merca’tile law, 61,202,318,449, 575,706 44 mining and manufactures, 127, 254, 381, 508, 631,747 K . Kentucky, coal-oil works at Cloverport......... 385 44 fraudulent assignments i n ...........349 Key West, wreck statistics of.......................... 487 Knitting-machine, patent case........................ 258 Ii. Labor, high price of capital and................... 53 *4 advantages of division of................... 279 44 disadvantages 44 ................... 547 44 prices in olden times of agricultural.. 755 44 productive.......................................... 548 44 unproductive.........................................549 Lake Erie and Michigan Transit Ship Canal.. 630 44 commerce o f .......................................... 89 Lakes, marine and steam disasters on th e ... 629 44 the five great American...................... 38 Lake Superior, iron o f .................................... 128 Law merchant. Abbott’s ................ 55, 444, 701 44 of trade-marks, Brindle’s w atches....... 322 44 of replevin, a new point in the.............. 708 Leland, William Wallace, biography of....... 641 Letters, defective stamping of....................... 491 44 registration of................................... 236 44 writers, information for................... 109 Liens under U. S. maritime la w ....... ........... 61 Lien upon a vessel for materials and supplies furnished.................................................... 449 Light at Bombay Harbor, India................... 367 44 at Ipswich Harbor, Mass....................... 99 44 at Maceio, east coast of Brazil............. 96 44 at Portpatrick Harbor, Scotland......... 98 “ at Verclut, St. Catherine’s, JerseyChannel Islands................................ 366 44 Cape Hatteras beacon............................ 97 44 on Cape Caballeria, Island of Minorca, Mediterranean Sea.......................... 621 u on Cape Moreton, Australia, east coast, revolving.......................................... 742 vi INDEX TO VOLUME XXXVI. PAGE Light on Cape Race, N. F., fixed................... 95 w on Cape Spathi, Island of Cerigo......... 620 w Fanar Islet, Meditterranean—Sea of M arm ora.......................................... 742 M on Green Isle, Ca'alina Harbor, N. F .. 743 Lights at Lofoten Is!: nil*, Norway................ 485 “ at mouths of M.ss:ssippi River.......... 367 “ in the Black S ea........................... 96, 368 Lighthouse at Absecum, N. J ................. 98, 367 “ at Aransas Pass,Texas................ 99 “ at entrance of Humboldt Bay, Cal. 238 u at Faulkner’s Island, L. I. Sound 239 “ at Gay Head, Vineyard Sound... 366 u at Nayat Point, entrance of Prov idence River, R. 1................... 366 “ at Sabine Pass, L a ...................... 97 M Winter Harbor, Frenchman’s Bay, M aine.................................... 237 u near Santa Barbara, Cal.............. 238 “ on Edgemoggin Reach, Me......... 487 w on Ralhlin Island, north coast of Ireland.................................... 97 “ at SL Croix River, M e................. 486 “ on the VVeser............................... 237 w at Moose Peak and Manheigin, Me............................................. 237 “ at Sand’s Point and Execution Rocks, N.Y............................. 620 “ near Liverpool, Eng......................618 Light-vessel at Bartlett’s Reef, L. I. Sound... 620 “ off Cornfield Point, Conn............239 “ off Sazaluitzk Spit, Sea of Azof,. 238 Liverpool, lighthouses at port of.................. 618 London, import of furs and skins at.............. 88 “ stationer and scrivener, a ................ 772 u the underwriters at Lloyd’s ............. 746 Long Island Sound, beacons and buoys in ... 621 Lottery tickets, chances of making money by 771 Louisville in 1853-7, pork packing at........... 732 “ manufacture of tobacco at............ 633 M. Machine for sawing marble to a taper form.. 256 Machinery, the growth o f............................. 381 Mackerel and other fisheries of Massachusetts 616 Maine in 1856, operations of railroads of.__ 760 Manufacture of enameled cloth..................... 254 Manufacture of friction matches................... 127 “ of goods from old woolens....... 634 , “ of perfumes, new method of.... 750 “ of whiskey in Ohio.................... 383 Manufactures in the United States................ 381 “ of Massachusetts....................... 751 “ of Pittsburg............................. 634 Manufacturing companies in Boston in 1856 aud 1857, sales of stock o f.......................... 384 Marine and steam disasters on the lakes....... 629 “ insurance........................................... 103 Massachusetts banks, condition of................ 341 “ “ dividends of................ 81 “ in 1845-55, industry o f ............751 “ railroads, operations of........... 627 “ savings banks o f...................... 344 Material ? what is raw ................................... 410 McKay, Donald, the shipbuilder................... 138 Measures of Turkey, weights and....................736 Mercantile correspondence, a sample of....... 264 “ credits, dispensing of.................... 775 “ drummer, a persevering.................770 “ failures in 1856 ............................ 595 “ law, journal of, 61,202,318,449,575,706 “ life, American.............................. 261 “ miscellanies, 131, 259,387,513,641,767 “ morality......................................... 389 “ “ Mahommedan.................. 776 Merchant, anecdote of a bankrupt................ 773 u in Europe, Asia, and Australia. G. F. Train’s book.......................... 767 w the la w ........................... 55, 444, 701 “ Merchant,” the terms “ship” and................ 263 Merchants, benefactions by millionaire......... 668 PA G E Merchants in San Francisco, expenses and profits of...................................................... 1^6 Michigan, copper mining in 1856 i n ............ 747 “ finances and debt of...................... 545 “ the Sault Ste. Marie Canal............765 “ Transit Ship Canal, Lake Erie and 630 Mineral resources, our............... 510 “ wealth of Georgia............................ 632 Mining and manufactures, journal of, 127, 254,381,508, 631,747 <l results in Great Britain..................... 512 Minnesota, the fur trade of............................ 362 “ taxes and taxable property in . . . . 467 “ River, steamboats on the.............. 248 Mississippi River, lights at mouths o f...........367 Missouri, banks and banking law o f ............ 725 “ condition of banks in...................... 209 “ financial condition of...................... 339 Money, a few words about lending............... 772 “ article on. By H.C. Carey................. 403 “ as a motive of action.......................... 48 “ by lottery tickets, chances of making. 771 “ how the Germans handle....................391 “ how to double................................... 138 w the nature of. By Amasa Walker... 669 Montreal, banks connected with................... 41 “ railways connected w ith ............... 122 “ revenue o f ...................................... 31 u trade and commerce o f ................. 31 N. National Institute at Washington, D.C., th e .. 508 Nautical intelligence... 94, 2o6, 365, 485,618, 741 Navigation in Russia,steam.......................... 761 “ problems in astronomy con’d with 485 New Jersey banks, statement of April, 1857.. 582 “ finances of.................................... 537 New Orleans banks................. 208, 459, 582, 714 “ cotton pres3es a t....................... 517 “ property and taxation in 1856 . . . 218 New South Wales, iron and coal................... 258 New York Bay,buoys marking channels in.. 621 “ “ etc., buoys i n ........................ 743 “ “ range lights for channels through............................. 94 “ canals, tolls on the........................... 253 “ “ trade, tolls, and tonnage__ 502 “ Chamber of Commerce.................... 441 “ “ “ Pliny Miles.. 695 “ city banks.... 73, 207, 330,458,581,*712 “ “ consumption of domestic ani mals i n ................................. 492 “ “ Cooper Institute i n .................... 664 M “ cotton market, review of 79, 215, 335, 463, 587, 719 “ “ fire law ..................................... 100 “ “ maritime advancement of....... 87 “ “ Stock Exch’ge, prices of stocks, bonds, and shares at, 1854-6. 219 “ u wharves and wharfage.............. 328 “ iron ores of Oneida County............. 635 “ port of, exports of specie from in 1851-6............................... 211 “ “ immigration a t .......... 369, 496 “ “ imports and exports, 74,210,331,459, 583,715 M “ smuggling diamonds a t... 776 “ State, banks and banking in........... 465 “ “ censuses of 1790-1855...... 246 “ “ condition of banks in ... 713, 723 “ “ finances and debt of........ 535 “ w increase of bank capital and circulation i n .................. 725 u “ on bank-note redemption, act of................................. 727 M “ savings banks in ............... 721 “ “ the three eras of banking in . 592 Nicaragua &. Central America, population of. 500 “ Greytown Harbor........................ 487 Norfolk in 1855, yellow fever a t .................... 43 Norwood, Andrew S., brief biography of__ 517 Notes, indorsing............................................... 647 V ll INDEX TO VOLUME XXXVI. O* 120 755 542 484 383 380 385 Paris Bourse, a transaction on the................. 44 figures about the population of............ “ joint-stock gambling i n ........................ 44 pork and cneese consumed in, qualities and prices......................................... Passengers aud common carriers, rights of colored....................................................... Patent case, an important............................. Peabody, George, biography of..... ............... Pennsylvania, black-band iron ore in McKean County................................. 44 coal production o f.................. “ condition of banks i n ............ 44 finances and debt of................ Peru, commercial regulations o f................... Philadelphia, baking busi .ess in................... 44 business at port of................... 44 Phoenixville Iron Works near.. 44 the Grigg building i n .............. 44 traffic in dead bodies in........... Pictures, commercial value o f....................... Pitt Coal Depot, channel to the..................... Pittsburg, manufactures o f............................ Political economy. By Amasa Walker, 275, 547, Population and progress of Iowa............. . 44 commerce, and resources of Java. 44 effects of civilization on heathen.. 44 in N. America, Westward move ment of. By J. W. Scott......... 44 in United States, progress of....... 44 of California, Chinese.................. 44 of gold diggings in Victoria......... 44 of Ireland, decline in the... ......... 44 of Nicaragua and Central America 44 of the United States, aud valua tion of property in ................... 44 of Paris, figures about the............ 44 statistics of, 118, 246,368,496,639, Pork consumed in Paris, statistics of............ 44 packing in Louisville, Ky., 1853-7 ....... “ 44 in the Western States, 1856-7.. 44 trade at Cincinnati................................. Portland, condition of banks in..................... Portugal, the wine districts o f....................... Postage, reduction of ocean........................... 44 on transient printed matter, prepay ment o f ........................................ 44 stamps, perforated........................... Postal arrangements between England and France............................................. 44 carriage in certain cities, U. 3 .......... 44 Department . 109, 233, 352, 488,622, 44 service in 1856, U. S........................... “ system, work of British...................... 44 treaty between U. S.and France....... Postmasters, instructions to .......................... Post-office, as it has been,is, and should be.. 44 Department in 1856, receipts and expenditures of the U.S............ 44 Department of Canada, th e ......... 44 establishment of Russia, the........ 44 system of France, the................... 44 of Chicago, statistics for 20 years. Price of capital and labor............................... Prices of agricultural labor and products in olden lim es.................................... u of all articles fluctuate with changes of time and place............................... 44 of bread and meat in cities................ 44 of produce and merchandise at Cincin nati............................. 90, 229, 363, 477 PA GE PAGE Ohio Canal, commerce at Cleveland of......... “ cultivation of tobacco i n ....................... 44 finances and debt of.............................. “ inspection of provisions in ................... “ manufacture of whisky i n .................. . Oil, cotton-seed................................ Oils, manufacture of coal............................... Property and taxation in New Orleans....... - 218 44 real and personal, in Albany......... 222 Provisions in Ohio, inspection of................... 484 Prussia, the galvanic telegraph i n ................623 Public benefactions. By E. P. Peabody....... 659 <!• Quaker bargain, a ............................................648 Quarantine, removal of New York. By E. Meriara...................................................... R. Racine, Wis., city of........................ 552 Railroad and city bonds sold in Boston mar ket in 1856-7............................... 342 44 bondholders......................... 379 44 bonds and shares, and State and city stocks at New York Stock Exchange, in 1854-6, prices of... 219 44 canal, and steamboat statistics, 121), 248, 376, 501, 627, 760 Railroad cars, luxurious............................... 766 4* clocks, French...................................630 44 decision, important.................... 254 44 freight cars, improvem’t in sealing. 766 44 Guide, Dinsmore’s American........... 253 44 Illinois Central...................................507 44 stockholders within the statutes . . . 763 44 stocks in Boston m arket................. 380 Railroads, Clearing-house for English........... 125 44 in Maine in 1856, operations of___ 760 44 in United States, Jan. 1, 1857........ 506 44 in the world in 1856....................... 507 44 operations of Massachusetts............. 627 44 receipts and prospects o f............... 249 Railway light signal...................................... 766 44 shareholders in England.................... 253 Railways and the Credit Mobilier, Russian.. 629 44 connected with Montreal............... 122 44 in A ustralia.../.................... 253 44 in France......................................... 299 44 tariff of taxes on British..................... 377 44 obstructions to navigation arising from............................................................. 323 Rates of commissions recommended by the Chamber of Commerce of N. Y ........... 107, 483 Rhode Island, finances o f .............................. 535 Richmond, exports of tobacco from.............. 89 Russia, commerce o f .......................................259 *4 internal trade o f ................................. 232 44 post-office establishment o f................. 756 44 steam navigation in ........................... 761 Russian railways and the Credit Mobilier... . 629 S. Sabine Pass, La., lighthouse a t ................ 97 Sailing of U. S. mail steamers between the U. S. and Europe, 1857 ............................... 233 Salem, Mass., earlv commercial history of... 147 Sand’s Point and Execution Rocks, N. York, change of lights at lighthouses o n ............. 620 Sandwich Islands—decline of population... . 247 San Francisco insolvency for 1856 ................. 339 44 merchants, expenses and pro fits of 136 44 “ payable in gold dust,” draft drawn on house i n ............ 67 Santa Barbara, Cal., lighthouse near............ 238 Savings banks in Massachusetts .................. 344 44 in New York State........... 721 44 origin of........................... 82 Sazalnitzk Spit, Sea of Azof, light-vessel off. 238 Seamen, improvement of. By Dr. A.N. Bell 692 “ registered in U. S., American.........368 Self-support the road to fame and fortune... 388 Seward and an oil and paint dealer, anecdote of Senator................................................... 392 Shawls, cashmere and goat............................ 133 Shilling, the d irty ........................................... 262 Ship Canal, Lake Erie and Michigau Transit. 630 Ships, Brother Jonathan’s................................641 V lll INDEX TO VOLUME XXXVI. PAGE P A GE Sicilies, treaty between the U.S. and Two. 239 United States, agriculture of.......................... 371 44 American seamen registered in 368 Silk cultivation profitable............................. 77(5 44 and Gt. Britain, relative value “ facts about the culture o f ...................... 752 of coinage o f........................ 597 Silver, curiosities of coinage o f................. 87 44 banks in........................217,338,342 Slander, a privileged communication n o t.. .. 482 44 coinage, 44red cent” o f ............. 392 Slaves, hiring of—contracts.......................... 455 44 coins, counterfeiting t h e ---- - 724 44 trade, the African.............................. 137 44 commerce and navigation of, in Smuggling diamonds in N. Y., curious case of 776 1856 ................ 355, 472, 608, 733 Sound dues, the Danish........................ 228, 685 44 commerce of each State, etc., South Carolina, debt, liability,and assets of.. 540 in 1856.................................. 734 “ law concerning colored seamen 350 44 consular fees............................ 104 Specie, exporls from N. Y. in 1851-6 o f ....... 211 44 exports of breadstuff’s, value of. 79 Speculation in farming lands. By J. W. Scott 440 44 44 44 provisions, etc. 89 Sprague, Seth, sketch of the late................... 313 44 44 44 to Gt. Britain St. Paul, arrivals of steamboats in 1841-56 at 248 and Ireland. 92 Steamboats on the upper Mississippi............ 248 u 44 of cotton................ 79,752 Steamer and schooner, collision between— u 44 of domestic produce... 355 apportionment.............................. 326 it importations, 1845-56.............. 232 w the great iron.................................. 380 it imports and exports, 1845-56.. 78 Steamers,duty of—collision,etc................... 575 ii 44 in 1856 ....................... 609 44 U. S. mail, days of sailing.............. 233 Steam navigation In Russia.......................... 761 manufactures in the................. 381 ii militia of the.............................. 501 Stock, fluctuations in 1856 in Boston bank... 343 it “ of manufacturing companies sold in Mint, foreign coins, and coinage Boston in 1856-7 .............................. 384 of cents a t ............................ 470 ti “ transfer of bank................................... 454 Mints, monthly statistics of coin age of.. 72, 206, 329, 457, 580, 712 Stockholders within the statutes, railroad . . . 763 ti population and valuation....... 118 Stocks, purchase of the U. S .......................... 341 it progress of internal commui.i44 State and city, at New' York Stock Ex change in 1854-6, prices of........................ 219 cation in.................................. 502 progress of population............ 499 Storage of goods in bonded warehouses....... 454 it postal service in 1856 .............. 352 Success, action the watchword of................. 391 it Post office Department in 1856, Suez Canal, its effects on commerce..............250 Sugar-cane in Illinois, the Chinese.................. 494 receipts and expenditures..... 490 tt privateering during the revolu 44 house and sugar plantation in Cuba, a 637 tionary w a r.......................... 163 44 on the Rio Grande, production of....... 495 it public debt of.......................... 337 44 produced in Louisiana......................... 709 it railroads in, Jan. 1,1857.......... 506 T. tt shipping built in 1855-6 ......... 615 tt steam tonnage of the principal Tariff acts and treasury regulations............... 607 cities in................................. 627 44 of 1842, the U .S.................................... 4 18 tt stocks, purchase of the............ 341 44 of 1846, 44 419 tariff of ’57 applicable to goods 44 of 1857, probable loss of revenue by the 617 in bond................................. 741 44 44 to goods in bond, application of 741 it Tariffs of 1857-46, U. S.................................. 599 tariffs of 1857-46 ..................... 599 tonnage, enrolled and licensed. 472 Telegraph in Prussia, the galvanic................. 623 t; Texas, financial condition o f.......................... 344 44 entered and cleared, ’56. 358 44 of collection districts.... 473 4‘ sugar making on the Rio Grande in ... 495 tt treaty between Two Sicilies and 239 Time-bargain system........................................260 it Tobacco at Louisville, manufacture o f.........633 value of domestic produce ex ported to each foreign coun 44 exports from Richmond, Va., o f.... 89 44 in Ohio, cultivation of....................... 755 try by.................................... 475 it value of exports and imports Tonnage of Chicago in 1856........................... 252 from each toreign country.... 357 44 of N. Y. city, statistics of............ 87, 332 44 of principal cities in the U. S. steam 627 44 of United Kingdom in 1856, etc...... 762 V. 44 of vessels......................................... 364 Valuation and taxation of cities in U .S ........ 468 Trade between our lakeports and Europe. 437 Vessel, bottomry—hypothecation o f.............. 452, 44 of Chicago............................................ 566 44 lor materials and supplies furnished, “ of Russia, internal.................................. 232 lien upon a.................................... 449 44 the African slave.................................. 137 Victoria, population of the gold diggings...... 370 “ to Surinam, American........................... 513 Virginia, commerce of,in 1788........................ 28 Trade-marks, injunction for imitating...........520 44 law of....................................... 322 W. Transfer of bank-stock.................................. 454 War, the cost o f............................................... 219 Turkey, pilots for vessels visiting ports o f. .. 741 Warehouse, action to recover for injury done 44 regulations for printing in............... 735 to goods in private........................................325 “ weights and measures o f ..................736 Warehouses, storage of goods in bonded. . . . 454 Turkish Empire, U.S. trade with.................. 282 Washington, National Institute at................. 508 44 Smithsonian Institute at.......... 668 U. Watch, a symbol of society, t h e ................... 260 UnderwTiters and factors, important to.........747 Weights and measures of Turkey.................. 736 44 at Lloyd’s, London....................746 Whale tisbery, statistics of t h e ........................231 United Kingdom in 1856, factories in the__ 749 Wine districts of Portugal, the...................... 753 44 tonnage of the__ 762 44 grape in America, the.......................... 635 44 spirits distilled, imported, 44 vintage of 1856..................................... 493 and consumed in th e.... 228 Wisconsin, condition of banks in.................. 330 yield of the mines o f......... 512 44 finances o f .....................................546 United States, agricultural future o f ............. 116 44 railroads from Racine.................. 554 44 and France, postal treaty be Wool and woolen goods........................... 372 tween the................................ 622 Woolens, manufacture of goods from old.. . . 634
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