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HUNT'S MERCHANTS’ -MAGAZINE COMMERCI AL R E V I E W C O N D U C T E D B Y F R E E M A N H U N T , A. M., M E M B E R O F T H E N E W Y O R K C H A M B E R O F C O M M E R C E ; C O R R E S P O N D IN G M E M B E R O F T H E A M E R IC A N AN D LO N D O N S T A T IS T IC A L S O C IE T IE S ; M E M B E R OF T H E N E W Y O R K H IS T O R IC A L S O C IE T Y ; H O N O R A R Y MEMJUf XL p F T I jr f M E R C A N T IL E L IB R A R Y A S S O C IA T IO N S O F N E W Y O R K , » H I L 4 j >J&LEHI.‘ , BO STO N -, B A L T IM O R E , 4 C H T JS V IL L E , C H A R L E S T O N , ANE C C N C IN N A TI, E T C .* • •• * VOLUME THIRTY-FOUR. t*r< FROM JANUARY TO JUNE, INCLUSIVE, 1856. JJ’ctB Uork: PUBLISHED AT 1 4 2 FULTON-STREET. 1856. CONTRIBUTORS ’ •/. 1 ,( » TO THE THIRTY-FOURTH VOLUME* OF THE MERCHANTS’MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW. A bbott B rothers , Counselors-at-Law, New York. S umner A lbee , Esq., of .the Suffolk Bar. J . H. A llen, Esq. ^ Hon. N athan A ppleton , of Massachusetts. E dward E. B oyle, Esq. H. B oynton, Esq., of New York. Hon. T homas G. Cary, of Massachusetts.^ • ••* * * ** • R. B. F orbes, Esq,, of Massachusetts. • G eorg^ BrJSoi:, Esq., IpMlaielpliia! t* t • * , • # • • CaAl4LESr"W‘. F redericks®?'; Bicker, of New York. E nock'H a'Li;, jit, Esq.,‘-of New 3fork. T. B. H alL, Esq., of Massachusetts. G eorge L ivermore, Esq., Merchant, of New York. J . W. S cott, Esq., of Ohio. Hon. F . 0. J. S mith, of Maine. R ichard S ulley , of Indiana. George F . T rain , Esq., of Melbourne, Australia. E x-P resident J ohn T yler, of V irginia. E manuel W eiss , Esq., of New York. G eorge M. W eston, Esq., of Maine. L. W oodruff, Esq., of Michigan. P rofessor W urm, of Hamburg. F reeman H unt, Editor and Proprietor. OCT 31 1941 I N D E X TO YOLTJME XXXI Y. , FROM J A N X J ' J ^ f f ^ S ^ C L U S I V E , 1S56. A. “ EOT Abbott Lawrence, memoir o f ....................... 659 Bank dividends, New Y ork.......................... 341 “ the man, the merchant, & 44 loan, collateral security for a ................ 218 the statesman.............. 46 44 of England, clerks and salaries in......... 730 Act relating to bills of lading..... ................ 248 44 stocks, Boston, in 1855-56 ................... 213 “ 44 weights & measures in La----- 374 Banks, condition of the Baltimore....... 203, 219 44 44 44 Philadelphia ... 203, 215 “ 44 wrecks, British........................ 248 44 .relative to contracts made by women... 617 44 44 44 Rhode Island.......... 342 44 in N. Y. receiving bills of other States 75 44 to secure payment of int. on State bonds 601 Action to recover for merchandise bought.. 326 44 liabilities and resources of Boston, 79, 203, 329, 457, 585 Africa,' commerce of, with U. States............ 606 Agents, liability o f ........................................ 452 44 of circulation....................................... 344. 44 of Kentucky, condition o f ................... 466 Agricultural fairs at Paris............................. 378 “ productions of U. States.......... 253 44 of Massachusetts, condition o f ........... 215 46 resources of California............ 379 44 of N. Orleans, condition of................... 473 44 of Portland, condition o f .................... 344 44 statistics of Scotland................ 381 “ statistics of Massachusetts........ 752 44 of South Carolina in 1855.................... 337 Agriculture, statistics of. 118,253,378,502,624,752 44 of United States, condition of............ 212 44 savings, in Massachusetts.................... 217 Alabama, finances o f .................... 211 Albany & Bangor, lumber.trade o f.............. 362 44 weekly average of New York city, 78, 202, 329, 457, 584, 713 Alexander llenry, biography o f................... 36 America & Europe, st’rn communicat’n betw. 372 44 weekly average of Boston, American copper..........................................260 79, 202, 329, 457,584, 713 44 mercantile biography.................... 389 Barbadoes, W. I., light on Needham P oint.. 110 44 merchant in Melbourne, a n ........... 393 Barnstable merchants in New York.............. 644 “ merchants, lives o f.. 272, 316, 514, 568 Beverage, coffee leaf as a .............................. 137 44 railroads, present and future o f... 367 Belfast, Ireland, tonnage o f .......................... 607 “ seamen in U. States................. . 384 Belgium, commerce of, with U. S tates....... . 604 44 tobacco in Europe.......................... 626 Bell’s Commercial College at Chicago.. . . . . . 264 w wool, the quality of........................ 256 Bills of lading, British law relating t o ......... 248 Ames’ shovel manufactory............................ 128 Biography, mercantile: Alexander Henry... 36 Ancient banking........................................... 724 nook trade............ . 139, 267,395,523, 651, 776 Anthracite coal trade of U. States................ 258 Boots and shoes, invention of....................... 388 Application of voluntary payments, the . . . . 66 Boston, alien passengers arrived at, in 1855. 251 Arabia, commerce with Egypt an d ...............’560 44 and New York stock m arkets..........465 44 bank capital and dividends.............. 598 Arizona copper mines, the.................... 759 Armed neutrality, Russia & principles of Ihe 275 44 44 stocks in 1855-56 ................... 213 Atlantic Mutual Insurance Company, the .. . 491 44 Board of Trade, th e .......................... 261 44 Calcutta trade o f .............................. 133 44 steamships, passages of.................... 240 44 comparative imports a t.................... 204 44 shortest passage across.................... 751 Australia, commerce and resources o f ......... 416 44 insurance companies....................... 489 44 population o f.................................. 421 44 44 4k condition of... 612 44 44 44 in 1855-56........ 234 “ the trees and woods of................... 260 44 liabilities and resources of banks in, w yield of gold fields o f ..................... 388 79, 203, 329, 457, 585 Austria, commerce and industry of.............. 557 44 manuf. stocks in, in 1855-56 ............ 259 44 44 of, with U.States.......... 605 44 New England railroad stocks i n -----368 44 financial condition of......................... 472 44 ship building in, in 1855................... 127 Austrian tariff, modification o f .................... 746 44 stocks in 1855, dividends o n ... . 213 II. 44 receipts for duties at.......................... 719 4 4 banks, weekly averages of, Baltimore & Charleston, growth of, compar’d 137 79, 202, 329, 457, 584, 713 “ comparative imports a t .................. 204 44 condition of banks of............ 203, 219 Bramble’s automaton for weighing grain---- 504 44 houses in.......................................... 384 Breakwater light at Portland refuge harbor.. I ll Bangor and Albany, lumber trade of........... 362 Bremen steamers, passages of....................... 242 u population of...................................... 56? Bricks, glass faced and grooved................... 129 Banker, fortune of a g reat............................ 394 British empire, mercantile marine o f...........232 Bankers, integrity of London....................... 104 44 law relating to bills of lading...........248 4* responsibility of............................... 104 44 44 wrecks....................... 248 Banking, currency and finance journal of, 44 merchant, character of the................ 773 99, 208, 337, 465, 593, 721 44 system of railroads, the .................. 622 44 department of State of N. York. . . . 338 Brokers, duty of, on making a contract.........582 44 in New South Wales........................ 729 Business, generosity i n ................................. 644 44 in Virginia........................................ 594 4k how to ruin a neighbor’s................ 648 44 law, the free, in Tennessee amend’d 726 44 life, the courtesies of...................... 649 44 money and.....................................'. 185 Buffalo, the greatest grain market in the 44 system, the N. Y., brief sketch of . 34u w orld.......................................................... 754 Bank bills, for preventing the alteration of.. 219 Buskar light, Winga Sound, Sweden........... 610 IV INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIV. C. Calcutta trade of Boston............................... 133 Coolie trade, t h e ........................................... 649 California, agricultural resources of.............. 379 Copartnership, decisions on law o f .............. 199 ' 44 early gold discoveries in................ 631 Copper mines of Tennessee.......................... 512 44 44 the Lake Superior.................. 507 “ quicksilver mines o f ..................... 513 44 the American................................... 260 44 Oregon, & Washington, letters for 740 Canada and the N. Y. Chamber of Comm’ce 314 Cotton and hemp of Japan............................ 120 44 economy or waste in the culture of.. 624 “ postage............................................... 616 44 gin, the............................................... 511 Canal commerce of Oswego.......................... 247 44 imports of, into U. States.................. 206 Cape Elizabeth and Wood island lighthouse. 481 44 manufactures in U. S tates................ 511 44 Florida, lighthouse a t ..................... .... 610 44 trade and consumption in England.. 732 w La Plata, fixed light at, N. coast of Spain ] i ] 44 Pembroke, fixed light a t ....................... 735 Courtown Cays—Mosquito Coast................. 480 44 St. Bias, Florida, lighthouse a t ....... .. 432 Credit Mobilier in Europe, the...................... 219 44 Shablah, fixed light a t .......................... 735 Cuba, greatest sugar plantation in ................ 754 Carlisle Bay, light on Needham Point.......... n o Cuban commercial decrees............................ 377 Castle Pinckney beacon, Charleston harbor.. 734 Cumberland coal fields, production of th e... 386 Cattle and hogs in Ohio................................. 121 Cunard steamers, passages of........................ 241 44 market of N. York for 1855, the.........254 Currency and banking in New England....... 288 *4 44 the Philadelphia..................... 399 44 decimal, adoption of, in England.. 217 44 gold and th e .............................. 101 Census, the seventh United States................ 106 44 national, a system o f ...................... 19 Central America, commerce of, with U. S ... 605 44 of the United States, the................. 347 Ceuta, coast of Africa, light at....................... 355 44 question in Massachusetts............ 695 Character, the true m ercantile..................... 59 Chamber of Commerce, the New Y ork....... 314 Cyprus, shipping and ship-building a t ......... 387 Champagne marks or brands......................... 453 13. Charleston & Baltimore, growth of, compar’d 137 44 bar, S. C., buoyage o f.................... 609 Daguerreotyping, progress o f ....................... 388 Chicago, Bell’s commercial college a t...........264 Dammara varnish........................................... 506 “ Board of Trade............................... 617 Debt and finances of Georgia....................... 102 44 44 of several S tates.............. 208 w Illinois, railroads centering at............ 494 •4 44 of Virginia................ 102, 208 Chili, commerce of, with U. States................606 44 of North Carolina.........................., . . . 208 China, change in the currency o f .................217 4 4 of South Carolina.......................... . . . . 100 44 commerce of, with U. States............ 605 44 of the city of Philadelphia................... 599 44 population of..................................... 493 4 4 of Tennessee........................................... 210 44 export of teas from, to U. States....... 733 Chloride of lime—bleaching pow der........... 130 Delivery of goods—consignee....................... 450 Deposits at assay office, New York, Cincinnati Merchants’ Exchange................... 521 79, 204, 328, 458, 585, 714 44 pork packing in............................ 625 Cities, the growth of commercial................ 137 Deviation of the mariners’ compass............ 112 44 progressive growth of....................... 705 Discovery of the paper plant........................ 120 Cleveland Board of T rad e............................ 618 Dividends on stocks in Boston in 1855......... 213 44 prices of wheat a t ...........................364 Do fraudulent schemers succeed ? ................ 650 Coal trade of U. States, the anthracite......... 258 Don’t believe in advertising.......................... 135 44 regulation of, in New York.........616 Duff’s Mercantile College of Pennsylvania.. 263 “ thebitum inus............................... 633 Dunkerque roads, alteration in buoys in. . . . 353 Cochineal of commerce, culture of the........ 504 Dutch treaty with Japan................................ 742 Coffee leaf as a beverage............................... 137 E. Collins steamers, passages of......................... 240 Commandress of a canal boat, t h e .............. 751 East India and Pacific trade.......................... 364 trade with the........................................ 689 Commerce and industry of Austria................ 557 44 and navigation of France.......... 357 Egypt and Arabia, commerce w ith .............. 560 44 the nitre lakes of................................. 513 44 44 the lakes........ 134 “ “ U. States........ 85 England, adoption of decimal currency in .. 217 a new doctrine of prize law in . . . . 73 44 and resources of Australia.........416 bank of, clerks &. salaries i n ......... 730 44 luxuries vs. necessaries o f ............ 771 cotton trade and consumption in .. 732 w of Havana................................... 360 the commercial traveler of............ 773 44 of Russia in 1854......................... 427 the mystery of exchange on...........702 44 of the U. States__ 29, 178, 297, 441 safely of railway traveling i n ....... 246 44 44 44 statistics of.......... 220 the numerically great families in .. 252 44 44 44 in 1854-55............ 478 44 one of the curiosities o f ............. 516 English and French agriculture, statistics of. 505 44 railroads in 1854-5 .......... 621 44 the morals o f .............................. 642 law—contract—attachment................ 74 44 useful vs. luxurious..................... 650 44 with Egypt and Arabia................ 560 Erie Canal and Hudson River navigation . . . 245 Commercial affairs in Russia ....................... 518 Europe & America, st’m communicat’n betw. 372 American tobacco in ........................ 620 44 chronicle and review, credit mobilier i n ....................... 219 76, 201, 327, 454, 582, 712 Exportsthe , <Src., see 44 Com. Chron. &. Review 44 cities of U. S., Bangor, Me.......... 565 also name of place. 41 44 44 Providence, R. I . 668 F. 44 44 temperature of..................647 44 croakers...................................... 638 Families in England, the numerically great . 252 44 journalism.................................. 517 Finance, a paragraph of the language o f .... 599 44 regulations... 247, 374, 483,616, 742 Finances and debt of Georgia....................... 102 44 statistics.. 85, 220, 357, 454, 602, 731 44 44 Illinois.......................... 209 Common carriers, liability of ferrymen as .. 454 44 national, of France...................... 99 44 merchandise not luggage. 579 44 of Alabama....................................... 211 Companies, insurance, notes on..................... 232 44 of Pennsylvania.............................. 211 Coney Island, Raffles light a t......................... I ll 44 of Virginia, debt and..................... 102 Congress, franking privilege to members of.. 234 Financial condition of Austria...................... 472 Contract—consideration............................... 70 44 44 of Massachusetts................210 44 waiver of condition........................ 73 44 statistics of the nations................... 593 INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIV. V PA G E Insurance on the ship Great Republic......... 125 Integrity of London bankers......................... 104 Intelligence, nautical.. 110,237, 353,480,609, 734 Interest and d e b t.......................................... 394 International steamships, the loss o f ........... 147 Invention of boots and shoes........................ 388 Ireland, census of, in 1851 ............................ 637 Iron, analysis of Lake Superior................... 387 44 model furnace for m aking................... 126 44 steamers, navigation o f ....... * ............. 759 44 trade of Scotland in 1855...................... 385 Is there native iron in A frica?..................... 635 Italy, commerce of, with U. S tates.............. 603 J. James Johnson, biography o f ....................... 306 Japan cotton and hemp................................. 120 44 Dutch treaty with............................... 742 G. Java, cofiee trade of, a monopoly.................. 774 Georgia, debt and finances o f.. . . .................. 102 Journal of banking, currency, and finance, Germany, railroad management i n .............. 117 99, 208, 337, 465, 593, 721 Gimlet rangers or sugar brokers................... 519 Journal of insurance.. 122, 232, 348, 489, 612, 736 Glass-faced and grooved bricks . . ................ 129 44 of mercantile law, Gloucester and Marblehead fisheries............ 650 70, 195,326,450,578, 710 Gold and the currency................................... 101 44 of mining and manufactures, 44 fields of Australia, yield of................... 388 125,257, 385, 506, 629, 759 “ of California, and its effects on prices . 531 K. Goods, action on charge of obtaining wrong ful possession o f ........................................ 578 Kentucky, condition of banks of................... 466 Grain, exportation of, from Ottoman domin’s 247 44 foreign insurance companies in ... 615 44 production of, in Illinois................... 381 44 fraudulent assignm’t of mortg’s in 768 Grape culture and manufacture of wine . . . . 502 44 law ot; regulaiing agencies of for Great Britain and U. States, root crops of... 628 eign insurance companies......... 737 u commerce of, with U. States... 602 Kieoen, or Kie Island, light at Svolvter....... 734 Great Republic, insurance on the ship ......... 125 JL. Grundsundhplm, fixed light at.........................237 Guano, and the guano trade.......................... 430 Labor, improved condition of....................... 403 44 brief history o f ................................. 118 Lace manufacture.......................................... 125 44 imports of, into U. States................. 449 Lake Superior copper mines......................... 507 44 trade, statistics of t h e ....................... 447 4 iron, analysis of..................... 387 Guayaquil, Chili, export trade of.................. 477 Lakes, commerce and navigation of the . . . . 134 Gunfleet lighthouse, East Swin, England----482 Landlord and tenant—liquidated damages .. 711 Law, journal of mercantile, H. 70, 195, 326, 450, 578, 710 Hamilton board of trad e .............................. 746 Law merchant, t h e .......................... 66, 189, 571 Harbor light at Nice, Mediterranean Sea... . I ll Law of copartnership, decisions on the....... 199 Harbor-masters, duties of, in N. Orleans . . . . 376 Lead mines of Missouri, production of......... 386 Havana, commerce o f ................................... 360 Lectures on mercantile law................... 553, 706 Havre steamers, passages of.......................... 243 Leeroen, fixed light o n ................................ 238 Hay crop of the U. States, value of.............. 380 Lehigh canal, opening and closing of........... 502 Ha>ti &. St. Domingo, comm’ce of, with U. S. 60G 44 region, coal product o f ..................... 258 History of guano, brief.................................. 118 Letters by ocean steamships, revenue from . 366 Hops, prices of, in Philadelphia, 1853-55.... 479 44 registered, and the franking privilege 237 Houses in Baltimore...................................... 384 Liability of innkeepers for money lost......... 198 Hudson River and Erie Canal navigation.. .. 245 Libel for material used in a ship................... 71 llumaue Society of xMassachusetts.............. 239 Light at Singapore, East Indies................... 110 44 vessel, Nantucket south shoal............ 239 Lighthouse at Cape St. Bias, Florida............ 482 44 Minot ledge................................. 112 Ice trade, t h e ...................... 231 Illinois, finances and debt of.......................... 209 Lighthouses, Cape Elizabeth & Wood Island 481 44 production of grain in...................... 381 Lights on southwest coast of Norway......... 110 44 progress of population i n ...- .......... 251 Lille Blegen, fixed light on............................ 238 44 the live stock of, in 1855.......... .. 755 Litigation, the great India-rubber................. 319 Immigration at port of New York................ 251 Liverpool, Eng., the growth o f ..................... 646 Imports —see 44Comm. Chron. and Review ” Live within your means................................. 769 Loffoden channel lights, Norway................. 734 each month ; also name of place. Improved condition of labor......................... 403 London bankers, integrity of......................... 104 44 pig-iron trade o f .............................. 511 Incombustible wood...................................... 129 44 the Victoria dock at........................ 138 Indiana, corn crop of, in 1855 ....................... 752 India rubber litigation, the great................... 319 Louisiana, inspect’n of w’ghts & measures in 374 Innkeepers’ liability for money lost.......... .. 198 44 law of, rel. to contr’cts of women 617 44 production of sugar in................. 119 Insanity and death from intense devotion to business...................................................... 640 Louisville as a flour market.......................... 479 Insurance companies, Boston, condition o f.. 490 chamber of commerce......... ........ 617 44 44 14 in 1855-56 . .. 234 provisions imported into.............. 476 44 44 fire, in New York........ 349 tobacco market, th e ..................... 363 44 44 in Massachusetts........ 348 trade and commerce o f ................ 474 44 44 life, in Virginia........ 736 value of imports a t....................... 475 44 44 notes on insurance and 232 Lynn, shoe trade of........................................ 130 44 company, the Atlantic mutual-----491 M. 44 44 the N. Eng. mutual life. 122 44 journal of.. 122, 233, 348, 489, 612, 736 Madagascar, trade w ith ................................. 768 .Fires, property destroyed by, in 1854-55 . . . . 233 Flashing light on Sylt Island, North Sea . . . . 481 Flax, imports of, into U. States..................... 207 Flour, compressing the bulk o f ................... 505 44 market, Louisville as a ....................... 479 Folgeroen, fixed light on............................... 238 Foo-chow, China, postage t o ........................ 741 Fort Sumter lighthouse, Charleston harbor.. 735 France, commerce and navigation o f ...........357 “ 44 of, with U. States............ 603 44 national finances of.......................... 99 44 postal monopoly to be abolished in. 366 “ and Spanish American Republics, trade between............................... 731 Franking privilege, the................................. 741 French finances aud financiers....................... 601 Furnace for making iron, the m odel............ 126 VI INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIV. PAG K PAGE Mail steamers, sailing of U. States.............. 234 Needham Point, light on, Carlisle Bay ..% ... 110 Maine, railroads of, in 1854-55 ..................... 747 New England, currency and banking in . . . . 288 44 mutual life insurance comp.. 122 Malamocco, Venice, lights a t........................ 354 44 railroad stocks in Boston . . . . 368 Man, merchant, & statesman, A. Lawrence.. 46 Manchester merchant, smuggling silks by a. 768 New Orleans, condition of banks o f ...... 473 44 duties of harbor-mastersin .... 376 Marblehead and Gloucester fisheries............ 650 Marine, mercantile, of British empire.......... 232 44 exports from....................... ... 205 44 inspection of beef & pork in ... 744 Mariners’ compass, deviation of................... 112 Mariners, notices to........................ 110,237, 353 New South Wales, banking in...................... 729 Manufacture and consumption of perfumery. 260 New York bank dividends............................ 341 44 banking department of State o f.. 338 44 the lace.— .............................. 125 Manufacturing stocks in Boston in 1855-56.. 259 44 banks in State of, receiving bills Manufactory, Ames’ shovel........................... 128 of other States.......................... 75 Massachusetts, population of.................... 105 44 Barnstable merchants in.............. 644 44 white population of.......... 106 44 brief sketch of banking system of 340 44 colored population o f ....... 107 44 cauals, trade and commerce of... 369 44 nativity of population o f - 107 44 canals, rates ol tolls o n ........ ... 748 44 progress of population in . . . . 252 44 cash duties received at port of, 80, 204, 332, 462,589, 718 44 condition of bauks o f ........215 44 financial condition of........ 210 44 chamber of commerce on our trade with Canada....................... 314 44 humane society o f ............ 239 44 insurance companies i n ... 348 44 city banks, weekly averages of, 78, 202, 329, 457, 584, 713 44 railroads in 1855 ................ 619 44 savings banks in ............... 217 44 comparative imports a t................. 204 44 stock manuf companies in .. 629 44 cotton market, 84, 265, 335, 463, 591, 774 44 the mackerel fishery o f ......362 44 what manufac. have doue for. 508 deposits at assay office of, 79, 204, 328, 458, 585, 714 44 agricultural statistics o f ... 752 44 banks o f ............................ 724 exports from ............................... 608 44 population of, 1850 and 1855. 756 44 to foreign ports, 82, 205, 331, 461, 589, 717 44 the currency question in............ 695 lire insurance companies in ..... 349 Mechanical skill, commercial value o f .........507 foreign imports at, Mediterranean Sea, harbor light at Nice....... 111 80, 204, 329, 459, 586, 715 Melbourne, an American merchant in.......... 393 imports of dry goods at, “ stock and share list, 1855 ............ 420 81,205, 330, 459, 587, 716 Mercantile biography, Alexander Henry....... 36 immigration at port o f ........... 251 44 44 James Johnson..............306 manufacture of salt i n ........... 509 44 44 our American.............. 389 population of cities and towns in. 382 44 character, the true................. 58 population of State of............. 249 44 failures......................................... 645 railroads in, in 1855................ 75L 44 failures in San Francisco in 1855. 470 receipts and export of specie a t.. 344 44 honesty, realization o f ...................263 regulation of coal trade in .......... 616 44 Law, Journal of, 44 of hardware dealers in 745 70, 201, 327, 454, 532, 710 ship-building in, in 1855......... 257 44 law, lectures on.................... 553, 706 the cattle market of, for 1855....... 254 44 Miscellanies, 131,261, 389,514,638, 765 tonnage at, in 1855................. 333 44 from foreign ports_____ 334 Merchandise imported into U. States, 1854-5 220 valuation of personal property in 211 44 liability of innkeepers for lost . 198 Merchant of the past and present, th e .........542 North Carolina, debt of............................. 208 44 the law............................. 66, 189, 571 Norway & Sweden, commerce of, with U. S. 604 44 lights on southwest coast of-110,237 Merchants, the mercy of................................ 645 44 and manufacturers’journal......... 51 44 44 west coast of........ 238 44 a lesson fo r................................... 642 Notices to mariners.................................110, 237 44 exchange, the Cincinnati.............. 521 Nice, harbor lights at, Mediterranean S ea... I l l •“ Magazine, a practical patron o f.. 391 Nitre lakes of Egypt, t h e .............................. 513 44 and manufacturers, the rights of, O. to their trade m arks.................. 710 Mexican su?ar, 3 n e w ...................................381 Ocean steamships, revenue from letters b y .. 366 44tariff of January 1,1856.......................... 483 Ochlockonec shoal, Florida, bell boat a t,.... 611 44custom-house ordinance........................ 746 Ohio banks, notes of circulation issued by... 595 44 condition of the banks of.....................600 Midlholmen, fixed light o n .......................... 278 Mining and Manufactures, Journal of, 44 hogs and cattle in.................................. 121 125, 257, 385, 506, 629, 759 44 rates of taxation in cities and towns of. 596 Minot Ledge lighthouse................................. 112 44 increase of cattle i n ............................. 753 Misdescription—sale of property.................. 327 Oland, shoal off the north end of................. 355 Missouri, production of lead mines o f ......... 386 Olinda, coast of Brazil, white buoy off.........356 44 payment of int. on State bonds of. 601 Onondaga salt springs, salt inspected a t.......509 Money and banking...................................... 185 Oregon, Washington, &. California, letters for 740 44 independence the chief value o f..... 770 Oswego, canal commerce of.......................... 247 Mortgages, first and second............................ 195 Ottoman dominions, export of grain from ... 247 Mutual life insurance company, the N. Eng.. 122 Oxyd of copper............................................. 387 Oziers, or basket willow, cultivation o f ....... 503 N. V p. Nantucket south shoal light vessel.............. 239 National currency, a system o f ..................... 19 Pacific trade, the East India and................... 364 44 finances of France.......................... 99 Paper plant, discovery of t h e ....................... 120 Nations, financial statistics of the.................. 593 Paris, agricultural lairs at.............................. 378 Nautical intellgence.. 110,237,353, 480,609, 734 44 bourse, speculation in the..................... 470 Navigation and commerce of the lakes........ 134 Passages of Atlantic steamships................... 210 44 Collins & Cunard ste’m’rs comp. 244 44 44 44 U. States.. 85 44 of Hudson River and Erie Canal. 245 Passengers, alien, arrived at Boston in 1855.. 251 INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIV. V ll Pennsylvania, Duff’s mercantile college of... 263 Rhode Island, taxable property in................ 725 44 expenses of legislation of ... 600 Rice, exports of, from United States............ 207 Rio tie Janeiro, exports of cnffee from......... 608 u finances o f ........................... 211 44 population of................• • • • • 636 Rivers, steamboats on western and southern. 117 44 railroad and canal tolls in ... . 368 Roads, common, steam carriages for -------- 113 44 soapstone.................................612 Russia, and principles of armed neutrality .. 275 commerce of, with United States.... 605 Perfumery, manufacture and coDSumpt’n of. 260 18 commercial affairs in . Personal property in N. York, valuation of.. 211 foreign commerce of, in 1854........... 427 Peru, commerce of, with U. States................606 494 population of towns of................. Philadelphia cattle market..................... 380 restrictions on foreign merchants in. 769 44 comparative imports a t ...... 204 44 condition of banks of....... 203, 215 S. 44 debt of city of..................... 509 Salamis roads and Port Peiraeus, light for . . . 611 44 flour mills of...................... 635 44 prices of hops in, in 1853-55. . 479 Sale of property—misdescription................. 327 44 railroad stocks held by....... 500 Salt, manufacture of, in New York.............. 509 44 merchant, brief biography of.. 767 Samuel Appleton, tablet to the memory of.. 264 Pig-iron trade of London............................. 511 Sandwich Islands, commerce of, with U. S .. 607 Pilotage, claim for extra allowance of.......... 453 San Francisco, arrival of shipping at.......... - 357 mercantile failures in, 1855 .. 470 Pittsburg, steel manufacture of..................... 388 mint, coinage of.................... 586 Population in Illinois, progress o f ................251 44 Massachusetts, progress o f... . 252 operations of mint of............ 472 taxable property in................ 347 44 of China................................. 493 U. States branch mint a t . . . . 218 44 of cities & towns in N. V. in ’55. 382 44 of Massachusetts................... 105 Sardinia, commerce of, with U. States......... 604 44 of State of New York in 1855... 249 Savings banks in Massachusetts..................... 217 44 of towns in R ussia..................494 Schuylkill region, coal product of................. 258 44 of Wisconsin, 1850 and 1855. 493 Scotland, agricultural statistics o f ................381 44 statistics of. 105,249,382,492,636, 756 44 iron trade of, in 1855 ..................... 385 44 white, of free and slave States... 492 Sea sickness, a liquid for preventing............ 3% Portland, condition of banks o f ....... ........... 344 Seas, dangers of the, and possible remedies.. 549 44 refuge harbor, breakwater light at. I ll Shambles shoals, th e .................................... 112 Port Louis, Mauritius, lights at..................... 609 Shanghai, China, trade of............................... 393 Portugal, commerce of, with U. States.........603 Shershel, harbor lights a t .............................. 355 Postal arrangements between S. A. and U. S. 489 Ship-building in Boston in 1855 ..................... 127 Postal Department............ 234,365,486,615, 738 44 44 New York in 1855................ 257 44 monopoly to be abolished in France.. 366 44 libel for materials used in a ................. 71 44 lien of builder upon —maritime law.. . 74 44 regulations for 1856............................. 234 Postmasters, instructions to.......................... 486 Ships’ cabin, patent table for........................ 514 Post-office department, the U. States............ 365 44 and goods, regulations for surveys of.. 580 Present and future of American railroads... 367 Shipping and ship-building at Cyprus.......... 387 Principles and effects not patentable . . . . . . Shoe trade of Lynn......................................... 130 Prize law in England, a new doctrine of . . . . 73 Short weight star candles............................. 632 Production of the Cumberland coal fields.^. 386 Should the Usury Laws be repealed............. 310 Property destroyed by fires in 1854 and 1855. 233 Shovel manufactory, A m es.......................... 128 44 taxable, in San Francisco................ 347 Sicilies, the two, commerce of, with U. S .... 604 Public debt of United Stales...........................343 Silk, imports of. into United States.............. 206 Purchase of U. S. stocks by government....... 103 Singapore E. 1., light at............................... 110 Smuggled boots, watches, and lace.............. 647 SocieLe generale de credit mobilier............ 467 Quality of American wool, t h e ................... 256 S. Amer. &. U. S., postal arrangem’ts betw’n. 489 Quarantine laws of Venezuela....................... 485 South Carolina, debt o f.................................. 100 Quicksilver mines of California................... 513 44 the banks of, in 1855....... .. 337 Southern commercial convention................ 392 R. Southern trade, some suggestions on............ 522 Raffles light at Coney Island.......................... Ill Southwest pass, bell boat off........................ 612 Railroad accidents in 1855.............................. 373 Spain, commerce of with U. S tates.............. 603 44 and canal tolls in Pennsylvania----368 Spain, north coast, fixed light at C. La Plata. I ll 44 canal, and steamboat statistics, Spanish Amer. Republics and France, trade 113, 240, 367, 494, 618, 747 between...................................................... 731 44 management, cost of....................... 621 Spafford’s self-adjusting signal....................... 374 44 44 in Germany................ 117 Specie, receipts and exports of, at N. York.. 344 44 44 in U. States.................682 Stang-holm, fixed light o n ...............................356 44 stocks held by Philadelphia...........500 State of New York, population o f................ 249 44 stocks, N. England, in Boston....... 368 States, debt and finances of several.............. 208 Railroads centering at Chicago, Illinois......494 States, population, &c., of several................ 343 44 in New York in 1855 ............ 751 Statistics of agriculture, 118,253,378,502,624, 752 44 in Maine in 1854-55 ..................... 747 44 of population, 105,249,382,492, 636,756 44 in United States.............................. 245 Stavaernso, fixed light on............................... 354 44 of Wisconsin................................... 618 Steamboat accidents in 1855.......................... 373 44 present and future ofAmerican.. 367 Steamboat disasters on W'estern w aters....... 369 Railway traveling in England, safety of....... 246 Steamboats on Western and Southern rivers. 117 Railways, liabilities of................................... 712 Steam-carriages for common roads............... 113 Ratblin-o-Birne flashing light........................ 481 Steam navigation, statistics of......................... 501 44 lighthouse, Ireland.............. 480 Steamships, the loss of internalional............ 147 Real and personal property in R. Island.......725 Steel manufacture of Pittsburg .............. . 388 Receipt, general theory of the....................... 573 Sterling exchange, the par of........................ 345 Receipts, sealed............................................. 191 St. Louis, increase of trade of, in 1855.......... 361 44 —uses of the receipt..................... 571 Stock markets, the Boston and New York ... 465 Regulations,commercial.. 247,374,483,616, 742 Sugar, a new Mexican .............. .................. 381 Responsibility of bankers............................ 104 44 brokers, or gimlet rangers................. 519 Rhode Island banks, condition of................. 342 44 production of, in Louisiana............... 119 v iii INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIV. PA G E page Sylt Island, North Sea, flashing light o n ........481 United States, vessels built in the................•• 98 “ and Gt. Britain registration of System of national currency.......................... 19 letters between................... 738 T. “ cultivation of the olive in........ 755 Tablet to the memory of Samuel Appleton, a 264 “ export of leas from China to .. 733 Taxation, rates of, in cities and towns of Ohio 596 “ mint, change in for’gn coins at 728 Tea, how it is adulterated.............................. 138 “ operations of mint of, for 1855. 721 Telegraph lines, progress of, in the world__ 750 “ railroad management in .......... 682 Tennessee, debt of.......................................... 210 “ commerce of, with G. Britain. 602 “ the copper mines o f ................... 512 “ “ with France----- 603 “ free banking law of, amended... 726 “ 44 with Spain........ 603 “ The power of integrity.” . .......................... 136 “ 44 with Portugal.. 603 The way import duties w ork.........................521 “ “ with Italy.............603 Tobacco, American, in Europe..................... 626 “ “ with Sardinia.. 604 “ exports of, from U. States.............. 207 “ “ with two Sicilies 604 “ market, the Louisville................... 363 “ “ with N.&Sw’dn 604 Trade and commerce of Louisville............... 474 “ “ with Belgium .. 604 “ and commerce of New York canals... 369 “ M with Austria and “ of Shanghai, China .............................. 393 possessions.. 605 “ of United States, indirect ....................227 “ “ with Russia.... 605 “ shoe, of Lynn....................................... 130 “ “ with China___ 605 “ its trickeries and its usages................ 131 “ “ with C. America 605 “ the i c e .................................................. 231 “ “ with Turkey. .. 606 “ with the E a st....................................... 689 “ 44 with Hayti and Trader, value of civility to the.......................772 San Domingo 606 Troubridge Island, revolving light on...........482 44 44 with P eru ......... 606 True mercantile character, the....................... 58 44 44 with Africa gen. 606 Turkey, commerce of with U. States............ 606 44 44 with C hili........607 Turkey \ paper money i n ............................... 731 44 44 with Venezuela. 607 Turkish loan, profits of the............................. 452 44 44 with S. Islands. 607 Upper Jettee Range lights, N. Carolina....... 611 U. Useful vs. luxurious commerce..................... 650 United States, agricultural productions o f... 253 Usury laws a dead letter, the........................ 342 “ American seamen in................ 384 Usury laws, should they be repealed ?........... 310 “ and Canada, postage between. 616 V. “ and Europe, ste’mshipsbetw’n 620 « and S. America, post’l arrange Vanderbilt’s steamers, passages o f ................. 243 ments between................... 489 Vanilla of commerce, t h e ............................. 755 “ animal products of................... 253 Varnish, a new g o ld ....................................... 636 “ a postal prohibition in ............ 615 Vendor and purchaser—misdescription....... 581 branch mint, San Francisco .. 218 Venezuela, commerce of, with U. S .............. 607 “ census, the seventh................. 166 Venezuela, quarantine laws of.........................485 “ commerce of the-----29,92, 178,441 Vibber-odde, fixed light a t ............................. 237 “ commerce of, with the world . 602 Victoria, arrivals at........................................ 427 “ commerce of, 1854-55 ............. 478 44 condition of banks o f ........................423 “ condition of banks i n ............. 212 44 course of exchange a t...................... 426 “ cotton manufactures of.. . . . . . 511 44 dock, London, the........................... 138 “ domestic exports of................. 86 44 monster nuggets found in............... 419 “ exports from to foreign ports . 207 44 product of gold i n ........................... 634 “ exports of cotton from, to for 44 revenue collected a t ........................ 422 eign countries..................... 88 44 exports and imports of.................... 733 “ exports of foreign merchandise 89 Virginia, banking in........................................ 594 “ exports of rice and tobacco.... 207 44 debt and finances o f .......................... 208 “ exports of, to each for’gn c’ntry 87 44 funded debt of, 1852 ....................... 209 “ foreign population of, in 1850. 109 44 hypothecated bonds................ ... 346 “ foreign vessels enter’d & cle’rd 92 44 lile insurance companies in ........... 736 “ imports of foreign mdse. into. 90 Voluntary payments, the application of......... 66 “ imports of cotton in................. 206 W. “ imports of flax in.................... 207 “ imports of silk i n .................... 206 Waiver of condition—contract..................... 73 “ imports of wool in ................... 206 Washington, Oregon, and Cal., letters for . . . . 740 “ imports of guano into............. 449 Weekly averages of New York city banks, “ indirect tra^e o f ...................... 227 78, 202, 329, 457, 584 “ lands cultivated in................... 176 Western waters, steamboat disasters on....... 369 “ mail steamers, sailing of............234 When are bank-notes at par ? ........................ 346 “ maple sugar crop of................. 505 Wilmington, N. C., exports of, 1854-55......... 360 “ merch’ndise impr’td into, ’54-5 220 Wine, duty on in bottles............................... 618 “ mint, value of silver coin a t ... 594 Wine, grape culture and manufacture of... . . 502 “ navigation and commerce of.. 85 Winding up.................................................... 711 “ navigation of the.................. 94 Wisconsin, banks o f...................................... 730 “ post-office department............. 365 44 population of, 1850 and 1855 . . . . 493 “ public debt of........................... 343 “ the railroads o f............................ 618 “ purchase of stocks of, by gov. 103 Wood, incombustible..................................... 129 “ railroads in............................ 245 Woods of Australia, the trees an d ................ 260 “ statistics of commerce o f........ 220 Wool, American, the quality o f ................... 256 “ the anthracite coal trade o f . . . 258 Wool, imports of, into U. States................... 206 “ the book trade i n .................... 649 World, the largest mill in the........................ 634 “ the currency of th e ...................347 Wrecks, British law relating to..................... 248 “ ton’age of collection districts in 95 Wyoming region, coal product of....................258 “ tonnage of the......................... 97 Z. “ value of hay crop of...................380 “ vegetable products of............... 253 Zinc paint 129
