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HUNT’S 832 39 MERCHANTS’ MAGAZINE • .♦ U 3 6 kI - ' - .fj; r AND COMMERCIAL REYIEW. C O N D U C T E D B Y F R E E M A N H U N T , A.M., M EM BER OF T H E N EW Y O R K CHAM BER OF C O M M E R C E ; CORRESPONDING M EM BER OF TH E AM E R IC A S AND LONDON S T A T IS T IC A L SOCIETIES ; MEM BER OF T H E NEW Y O R K H ISTO R IC A L SO CIETY ? HONORARY MEMBER OF TIIE M ERCANTILE LIB R A R Y ASSOCIATIONS OF N EW Y O R K , PH IL A D E L P H IA , BOSTON , B A L T IM O R E , LO U ISVILLE, CH ARLESTO N , AND CINCINNATI, E T C . ' / i . ! *- I VO LUM E i: * * T H IR T Y - O N E . . v ., ■ l > . »; . * » * .. , v . •; n . ‘ FROM JULY TO DECEMBER INCLUSIVE, 1854. ' ' It PUBLISHED AT 142 FULTON-STREET. 1854. a! CONTRIBUTORS TO THE THIRTY-FIRST VOLUME OF THE MEECHANTS' MAGAZINE AND COMMEECIAL EE VIEW. G. M. B ell, Esq., Secretary o f the London Bank o f Australia, etc. Hon. G eorge S. B outwell, late Governor o f Massachusetts. John P, B rown, Esq., o f the United States Legation at Constantinople. H enry C. Carey , Esq., author o f several works on Political Economy, Banking, etc., etc., o f New Jersey. J. H. G ibbon, M. D., o f the United States Branch Mint, North Carolina. E noch H ale , Jr., Esq., o f Massachusetts. Rev. D. F. H untingdon, o f Massachusetts. D. R . Jaques, Esq., o f the New York bar. D. T . L eech, Esq., o f the Post-Office Department, Washington. W illiam J. M cA lpine, Esq., late Chief Engineer, etc., o f the State o f New York. C. F. McCa y , Professor in the College o f South Carolina. D exter F. P arker , Esq., o f Massachusetts. John L. P etton, Esq., o f Illinois. G erard R alston, Esq., late Vice-President o f the An^eipcan .Colonization Society. \ * * • •* •,*, J. W . S cott, Esq.,'of.Ofhib»\ ,• : M atthew H ale S mith, Esq^-of; tbe'JJdstonibar. B enjamin G. S mith, Esq., Priqtprjdf N eV Y efk . R ichard S mith, Esq., Editor o f the Cincinnati Price Current, etc. John Milton S tearns, Esq., o f New YoYk. ‘ R ichard S ulley , Esq., o f Indiana. M. D e T egoborski, o f New York. Hon. G eorge T ucker, late Professor o f Moral Philosophy and Political Econ omy in the University o f Virginia, author o f the Life o f Jefferson, etc. A masa W alker, late Secretary o f State in Massachusetts. J. B. W ickersham, Esq., o f New York. F reeman H unt, Editor and Proprietor. OCT 31194-1 INDEX TO YOLUME XXXI. FROM JULY TO DECEMBER INCLUSIVE, 1854. A . PAGE Acorn and. chicory coffee................................ 774 Belgian railroads, earnings and expendit. of. 748 Act, inspection, o f Maryland.......................... 110 Bills of exchange, lost.........................................455 44 new British stamp................................... 730 Blindness, ten years mercantile...................... 650 “ relating to circulation o f bank notes in Bonds o f merchants in China trade canceled 741 O h io....................................................... 617 Book trade, notices o f new books, etc., “ relating to auctioneers in Minnesota.. . . 739 139, 267, 395, 523, 651, 777 Africa, compound interest in.......................... 231 Borneo, treaty between U. States and........... 610 Agriculture, statistics of. Boston, finances of, in 1854 .............................. 622 128, 255, 371, 504, 640, 756 44 bank capital and d ividends............. 612 44 in Germany................................... 128 44 & Worcester Railr’d, full statistics of. 500 44 in Massachusetts, products o f... 255 44 banks, condition o f.............................. 494 “ the profits and wastes of............. 692 44 bank returns and law.......................... 97 Agricultural productions in California.. 129, 373 44 banks, weekly statements, 44 exports of United States.............105 83,210,336, 461,592, 718 « and commercial value o f railr’ ds 508 44 duties collected at, from 1838 to 1853. 107 Alabama, finances o f ....................................... 427 44 business facilities o f ............................ 391 Albany, prices o f wheat at, for 61 years........109 44 and New York, tonnage compared... 360 Alcohol Irom pea-pods................................... 514 44 & Lowell Railr’d, historical notice of. 754 “ per centage of, and wines................... 292 44 expenditures of, 1853-54...................... 733 Alcoholic liquors, Ohio law, on adulterat’n o f 233 Breadstuffs, imports into Great Britain o f___ 106 Algiers, product o f French colonies in ......... 761 British steam and sail marine, increase o f ... 503 Amazon, the field o f the.............................. 39-56 44 new, stamp act..................................... 730 American lake cities, our................................. 404 44 mail packets, letters by the...................742 44 stocks held by foreigners................ 102 Brooklyn city railroads..................................... 249 44 Commerce, adventurous spirit of. 771 Broom corn, the production o f..................... 759 Animal products exported from U. States... 109 Buffalo Board o f Trade on measurement o f Anthracite burning locomotive....................... 635 grain................................................................ 353 Antwerp, in Belgium, account of..................... 558 Business success, the elements o f ............... 56-62 Atlantic and Pacific ports, transportation of 44 the charm o f life................................ 61 merchandise between................................... 373 44 endurance............................................ 59 Atmospheric telegraphs for carrying p ’kages 266 44 how to commence.............................. 770 Auctioneers in Minnesota, act relating t o .... 739 Australia, what to export t o .......................... 393 44 product of gold in................. . . 231 California gold product.................................. 227 44 Bhips from London t o ................... 44 gold mines, future o f....................... 387 “ American commerc’ l enterprise in 74^ 44 market, preserved meats for...........394 Australian gold, sssay o f.................................. 347 44 finances o f ........................................ 434 Autobiography, a mercantile............................ 414 44 agricultural productions................ 129 44 history o f the discovery o f gold in 385 B. 44 banking-house, a.............................. 227 44 mining districts of............................ 644 Baltimore, guano inspection law for.............. 232 44 inspection o f flour and meal a t.. . 746 44 commercial importance o f ............. 769 Bank-note counterfeits, how to prevent........495 44 gold product.................................... 727 Bank stocks of the States held by foreigners. 104 Camel market.................................................... 137 44 taxation in O h io ....................................... 231 Camphor o f C om m erce................................. 774 “ and railroad stocks.................................. 732 Canada, minerals of.......................................... 644 44 o f England, bullion in............................ 728 r.44 reciprocity treaty in............................ 742 Banks o f Wisconsin, condition of, July, 1854. 349 Canadian wheat crop in 1854 .......................... 3#4 44 o f Conn, the condition for 18 years.. . 621 Canal Statistics........... 117, 247, 374, 496, 629, 748 44 in Massachusetts, large dividends o f . . 614 44 boats, unloading....................................... 381 44 of New Orleans, condition of 351, 492, 729 44 and river improvements, western . . . . 376 44 o f Ohio, condition o f............................. 91 44 length o f navigation in New Y o r k ___ 248 44 ' in U. S., condition of, 1850-4........... 95, 99 Canals and other public works o f New York, 44 of Illinois, condition o f ......................... 94 123, 227, 374, 496, 629, 748 44 Boston returns and law......................... 97 44 rates o f transportation on railr’ds and 123 44 New York city, monthly, 44 o f New York, business of, in 1853... 748 83, 210, 335, 461, 592, 717 44 44 trade upon, in 1853.... 751 44 in Massachusetts, condition o f................ 229 Candles, manufacture o f mineral................... 386 44 capital and dividends o f N. York city. 225 Canvas and cordage o f cotton........................ 382 44 in Connecticut, act regulating................ 225 Capital does not always help a place............. 394 44 liabilities.................................................... 458 Carriers, common, action against..................... 202 44 by sea.................................................. 80 44 of S. Carolina, condition o f......... 488, 620 Banking law, free, o f New York.................... 584 Cedar Keys, Florida, light-house at............... 365 44 Journal o f ... . 91, 216, 344, 488, 612, 726 Census, cost of taking the several U. States. 254 44 o f U. S. for 1850, full statistics o f .. . . 675 44 and currency, essay on...................... 188 44 legislation o f U. States, 1790 to 1850. 252 44 house at San Francisco...................... 227 44 of Sandwich Islands............................ 128 Bargaining by pantoraine................................ 137 Barley, the production o f................................ 759 Certificates o f stock, suggestions relating to. 647 IV INDEX TO VOLUME XXXI. PAGE Charleston, condition o f banks of, 1853-54.. 345 44 maritime progress o f.................... 359 u trade of, in flour.............................264 44 export o f cotton, rice, &.C., from. 605 Charter party...................................... 328 Chicago, real and personal property o f......... 726 Chili, exports and imports o f .......................... 107 China trade, bonds o f merchants in, canceled 741 Chinese mercantile operations........................ 391 Cincinnati, trade & commerce of, in 1854.... 544 44 statistics o f trade & commerce of. 601 44 condition o f free b’k currency at. 615 u ’ "oney ^c.^xcbangppiarket i n ’54. 615 Cilio'o, bur .aericiu. ,ialte................................ 403 Cloai .ng-hx le, NoW York, business a t ........228 Clerk’s Bible, the.............................. 13/ Cloth, manufacture o f f e l t .............................. 645 Coal mines, Turkish.......................................... 388 44 fields of the world..................... 386 44 analysis o f several kinds.......................... 259 44 trade o f Pennsylvania............................. 258 44 region of Maryland................................. 516 44 and the coal trade......................... 515 44 how to dig anthracite.............................. 646 44 fields, mines, and trade............................ 765 Coast lines, length o f navigation o n ............. 248 Coffee, discovery o f.......................................... 374 44 and tea trade........................................ 135 44 asparagus seed a substitute lor......... 509 44 acorn and chicory................................ 774 Coin counting process, a curious.................... 622 Coinage and deposits at U. States Mint, 84,211, 338, 462, 593, 718 44 a uniform, for commercial nations.. 63 Collins steamers, quick passages of................. 251 44 mail steamers, expenses of.................... 504 Collision o f ships at sea, rules to prevent.. . . 366 44 —maritime law.................................. 712 Comer’s steel pens, an excellent article......... 389 Commerce o f New Orleans, 1854, with full statistics....................................... 440 o f the United States, history of, 159, 275, 531, 659 44 of Gloucester, Massachussetts... 110 44 is King...................................... 136 44 sail and steam......................... 19-38 44 o f Russia with the U. States.. 575 44 American, adventurous spirit of. 771 44 of the Crimea........................... 701 44 o f each State and Territory..... 744 44 o f our cities, com parative.... 743 44 o f San Francisco in 1853........ 745 Commercial importance o f Liberia...............200 44 Regulations, 110, 232, 352, 469, 607, 737 44 view o f Russo-Turkish question 147 44 Statistics. 105, 236, 355, 475, 600, 743 44 Chronicle and Review, 81,207, 333, 454, 589, 716 44 and industrial cities o f Europe. 558 44 enterprise o f Salem..................... 772 44 enterprise, Iceland a field fo r ... 776 44 importance o f California............769 Commissions on business at San Francisco.. I l l Compensation, law o f....................................... 520 Composition for sheathing ships.................... 132 Connecticut, act regulating banks in............. 225 44 statistics of railroads of............ 249 44 condition of b’ ks of, for 18 y’rs. 621 44 value of taxable property in ... 619 Contract, performance o f ................................ 74 Contracts—sale and delivery........... ..............714 Corn, import into U. Kingdom o f...................361 44 exchange association at Philadelphia, regulations of...................................... 352 44 measure of European and other ports. 760 Cotton culture in India.................................... 507 44 received at Vicksburg, by railroad.. . 636 44 buyers and sellers, an item f o r ......... 265 44 market, New York, 89, 217, 343,467, 599, 725 44 manufactures inMLInited States........... 133 PAGE Cotton and linen, tanning..................................263 44 growth of, in In d ia .............................. 371 44 falsely packed....................................... 456 44 canvas and cotton cordage................. 382 44 exports of, from New Orleans............. 477 44 manufactories in the South and West 384 44 trad e...................................................... 707 Counterfeits, how to prevent bank-note....... 495 Counterfeiting trade m arks............................ 79 Credit in Paris.................................................... 775 Creditors’ bills not superseded........................ 204 Crimea, commerce o f ....................................... 701 Cuba, population o f......................................... 511 Cumberland coal trade from 1842 to 1-853___ 515 Currency, Journal o f... 91,216, 344, 488, 612, 726 44 * Macuquino, at Porto R ico............. 112 44 and banking, essay on.................... 188 44 new Canadian................................... 496 44 of Switzerland................................ 226 44 Norway and S w eden.................... 623 Customs fees at St. Helena............................... 612 I>. Danish sound dues, their history, &c............. 435 Debt, national, o f France..................... 230 44 public, o f United States.................... 91 Debts and debtors............................................ 732 Denmark, sound tolls o f.................................... 235 Detroit, progress o f population in.................. 512 Devaar light-house............................................ 245 Dioscorea Japonica a substitute for potatoes. 509 Dividends of banks in Massachusetts............... 348 44 o f railroads in Massachusetts........378 Dry goods, a short chapter on........................ 389 Drug store, sample clerk in a ........................ 775 Duties remitted by Great Britain.................... 234 E. Earnings and Expenses o f Belgian Railroads 748 Eggs, product o f in Ireland............................ 373 Elements of business success........... %........56-62 Emigrants, arrival of Irish, at Liverpool . . . . 368 Emigration and the marine hospital............... 738 Employers and Employed, hint to both....... 265 Engineers’ railroad c lo c k s .............................. 636 England, debts and debtors in........................ 732 44 farms and farmers in......................... 761 44 progress o f import & exp’ t trade o f 606 44 prices o f grain in, from 1802 to 1853 108 44 national debt of, from 1801 to 1852. 492 44 taxation in.......................................... 494 44 trade and gold supplies of.............. 728 44 trade with Russia............................. 521 Everett, Edward, letter to Freeman Hunt... 263 Exchange, domestic, rales o f.................... 96, 346 44 rates of, at Cincinnati in 1853-4.. 616 Exchanges, foreign, essay on .......................... 320 . Export of produce & raanuf. from N. Orleans 745 Exjiorts, &c., see 44Com. Chron. aud Review, each month; also name o f place, &c. F. Falkland islands—Port William................... 762 Farming, is it profitable ? ............................... 509 Feather aud hair trade o f New York............. 393 Field o f the Amazon, the........................... 39-56 Finance, journal o f .. . 91, 216, 344, 488, 612,726 Finances o f the States o f the Union, 1853-54. 420 Financiers, a sermon for................................. 565 Fire Insurance for firemen.............................. 363 Fisheries, the, aud reciprocity treaty............. 607 Flax, Venezuelan tariff o n ................................ 354 Flour and meal, inspection of, at.Baltimore. 746 Flour, trade of Charleston, S. C., in............... 264 Flour trade, Virginia, in 1853-54.................... 600 Foreign population of United States............. 512 44 exchanges, Bell’s essay on................ 320 France, national debt of................................... 236 44 postage in............................................ 742 Free banks in Indiana, &c.............................. 490 INDEX TO VOLUME XXXI. PAGE V PAGE 741 Insurance for firemen....................................... 363 44 suit on an open policy o f ............... 362 456 44 policy, average loss, set-off............. 115 761 4 4 journal o f .. 113, 243, 362, 483, 623, 734 503 44 life, companies................................. 736 737 4 4 (life) Wright’s tables o f..................... 734 229 44 (marine) losses of Boston comp’es 115 606 44 construction o f policy o f life........... 113 G. 44 com panies,foreign.......................... 245 44 companies in New Jersey, act o f .. 362 Galena and Chicago Union railroad. ........... 503 44 fire, New York law o f...................... 243 Gas, cost and consumption of, in U. S........... 224 44 ship owners...................................... 80 Gas works of San Francisco............................ 260 44 statistics in Engl’d &. Scotl’d o f fire 626 Gauging imports, of conformity in ................. 473 ‘4 companies, lial/ii' fm n ' t£L ?3h Geographical position o f Russian Em pire... 370 44 stocks, held by foreigners. . . . . jl1 4 Germany, agriculture i n ................................. 128 Inspection of flour and meal at Baltimore... 746 Gloucester, commerce o f................................. HO Ireland, lights on coast o f ............................... 365 Gold, assay o f Australian...................... *------347 44 product of eggs in............................. 373 44 produced in California f’ m 1848 to 1854 227 44 population of, from 1805 to 1 853.... 755 44 and coin shipped from San Francisco.. 350 44 statistics o f trade and commerce of. 743 44 California product o f............................. 727 Iron, properties o f............................................ 384 44 product in world (1853) of.................... 93 44 manufactures o f the world.................... 130 44 coin of the U. S., the $3........................ 103 44 manufactures of, by Renton process.. 517 “ in California, history o f discovery o f .. 385 44 ore in Virginia, for manufactures......... 7C8 « digging near Canton, C hina................. 516 41 mines o f North Carolina.......................... 517 J. 44 method to make oxide o f..................... 132 44 shipments at San Francisco................... 618 Japan, commercial treaty w ith ...................... 234 44 and other minerals o f Canada............ 644 4k ports and harbors o f ............................ 626 44 mines o f California not giving o u t.. . . 517 Joeddereen reef, new beacon to indicate___ 763 44 dep. at mint, Philadelphia, for coinage 593 Joint-stock companies..................................... 332 44 mines, future of the California............. 387 Journal o f Banking, Currency and Finance, 44 trade, and gold, supplies o f ................. 728 91, 216, 344, 488, 612, 726 44 what a moralist says o f............................ 771 Journal o f Insurance .. 113, 243, 362,483, 623, 735 Goods delivered, dispute as to quality o f-----454 Journal of Mining and Manufactures, 44 not removed from warehouse after 130,258, 382,513, 644, 763 payment o f duties............................. 374 44 in warehouse or in transitu.................372 K . 44 for lading and re-exportation............. 469 44 sold by sam ple..................................... 457 Kentucky, finances o f....................................... 425 44 production o f hogs in.................... 506 Grain, prices of, in England............................ 108 44 tobacco trade of, in 1854............... 747 44 exported to Great Britain from Ireland 743 44 import and cons, of, in U . Kiugdom.. 361 Key to mercantile character............................ 265 44 regulations for measurement o f..........353 Great Britain, families and houses i n ........... 367 li. 44 remission o f duties b y .............. 234 44 imports o f wine in to .................. 298 Labor, division o f ............................................ 756 Lace and muslin, printing for........................ 769 44 results of census of,126,252,274,637 44 imports o f breadstuff’s into------ 106 Lading, bills o f.................................................. 80 Lakes, length o f navigation on m inor........... 248 Guano, inspection law o f Maryland............... 232 4* length of western, & c........................... 377 Guarantors.........................................................331 Land case, decided by S. Court of Texas.. . . 332 Gum arabic o f commerce, the........................ 392 Lands, improved and unim proved................. 756 504 4 4 value of, in Ohio.................................. II. Lager beer trade o f St. L o u is ........................ 606 Hamburg money changers.............................. 730 Law, Journal o f Mercantile, Havana port regulations................................. 355 74,202, 328, 454, 584, 712 44 cost of transport t o ............................ 497 Lawrence, Abbott, letter to Freeman Hunt.. 262 Havre, cost o f transport to ............................. 497 44 the Pacific mill at........................... 768 Hemp and flax, the culture o f........................ 757 Lead ore in Tennessee..................................... 388 Ilist’y o f commerce of U. States 159,275,531,659 Letters by the British mail packets............... 742 Hogs, production of, in Kentucky, in 1853-54 506 Liability o f railroad companies for delivery Honest trader, the, an epitaph........................ 263 o f goods.......................................................... 78 Hope ic Co., house of, Amsterdam............... 417 Liability o f surety............................................. 715 Liabilities o f railroads...................................... 455 I. Liberia, commercial importance o f............... 200 Iceland a field of commercial enterprise----- 776 Life insurance policy, construction o f-----. . . 113 Illinois, statistical view o f».............................. 669 Lighthouses................ 115, 245, 364, 510, 629, 762 44 finances o f.............................................429 Liquor trade, of the United States.................. 289 44 stocks held by banks in.......................227 Lisbon, navigation o f .................................... 367 4* taxes and property o f........................ 97 Literature of commerce.................................... 518 44 condition of banks o f ........................ 94 Liverpool, cost o f transport to ......................... 497 Imports—See 44Com. Chron. and Review,” 44 arrival o f Irish emigrants a t . . . . . 368 each month; also name o f place. Louisiana, finances o f........................................ 432 India, growth of cotton i n ............................. 371 44 cost of producing sugar in........ .. C4I) 44 culture o f cotton in............................... 507 Indiana, progress o f railroads in.................... 379 M. 44 finances o f........................................... 431 44 free banks of, capital, &c., o f......... 490 Macuquino, currency.................................. 112 44 production o f hogs in ...................... 642 Maine, finances o f .............................................. 420 Insolvency......................................................... 458 Manufactures, Am’n and European comp’d . 258 Insurance Co. Massaclmsetts Life Company. 487 Manufacturing Law o f New York.................. 767 44 on marine risks at Boston, rates o f 483 44 and other companies o f Mass. 513 Free ships make free good3................. Freight—shipping merchants............. French colonies in Africa, products of 44 railroad receipts...................... 44 tariff alterations........................ Funded debt o f the country................. Fur trade in 1803................................... . . . . . . . INDEX TO VOLUME XXXI. VI PAG K Marine hospital and emigration........................ 738 41 insurance,suggestions of underwriters 623 44 risks at Boston, rates o f ...................... 483 Mariners, notices to . . . 115,245, 364, 510, 626, 762 Maritime law, collision................................... 712 44 progress of Charleston, S. C........... 359 Maryland coal region................... 516 44 finances o f...........................................423 44 new inspection law o f.................... 110 Massachusetts, condition of banks in.............229 44 nav’n, commerce and fisheries o f 747 44 profits and wastes of agriculture. 692 44 State m ut life insurance comp’y. 487 44 incorporated companies o f..........513 44 and Tennessee, population o f. . . . 369 “ products of agriculture in............ 255 44 pauper population o f.................... 639 44 finances o f ................... 421 44 railroads, dividends o f....................378 44 divid’s o f banks in, out o f Boston 348 Merchant, the energetic................................... 522 Merchant’s clerk, the wife of a .......................... 773 44 and clerks, a word to the former. 391 44 Magazine and its friends................ 261 44 what the proper education o f .. . . 648 44 a sermon fo r .................................. 565 Mercantile blindness, ten years...................... 650 44 character, key t o .......................... 265 “ law cases,&.C. 74,202,328,454,584,712 44 integrity and its securities............ 565 44 law in surrogate’ s courts.............. 571 44 autobiography of Vincent Nolte. 414 “ miscellanies 135,261,389,518,647,769 Mexico, New, quicksilver i n .......................... 260 44 population o f ....................................... 754 Mexican dollars, extraordinary counterfeit o f 348 Michigan, finances o f ....................................... 430 Millionaires of St. L ou is................................. 393 Mines, coal fields, and trade........................... 765 44 of New Jersey....................................... 131 Mineral resources of the United States......... 763 Mining districts o f California.......................... 644 Mining and Manufactures, journal of, 130, 258, 382, 513, 644, 763 Minnesota, act relating to auctioneers in___739 Miscellanies, Mercantile 135,261,389,518,647,769 Mobile, rates o f lor. and domestic exch’ge at 618 Molucca islands, free ports............................. 612 Money and merchandise, difference o f......... 265 Montreal, Victoria railroad bridge a t ........... 501 44 the bank of 1854............................. 344 TV. Naples, sulphur trade o f ................................. 392 Natives of old States residing in the land St’s 369 Nautical Intelligence. .115, 245, 364i 510, 626, 762 Navigation, commerce, and fisheries of Mass. 747 44 length on riv e rs ........... ............ 248 44 o f U. S., statistical view o f ........356 44 into Spithead............................... 116 Newberry Agricult’l Society on education of merchants...................................................... 648 New Jersey, act relating to ins’ce companies 362 44 valuation o f property in............. 620 44 finances o f................................... 422 44 m in es.......................................... 131 New Orleans, condition banks of 103,351,492,729 44 statistics o f trade o f in 1853-54. 475 44 produce rec’d from interior into 375 44 trade and commerce o f in 1854 440 exp't o f produce aud manuft’s. 795 44 imports o f specie in t o ..............496 44 rates of exchange at................. 495 44 for full statistics of trade of, see 440 to 453, and 475 to 482. New York clearing house, business a t ......... 228 44 city, assessed value of property o f 489 44 city banks, condition of, 83, 210, 335, 461,592,717 44 central railroad, receipts o f.............380 44 manufacturing law o f..................... 767 New York monthly exports at 88, 217,342, 466, 598, 721 44 banks, capital and dividends o f .. 225 44 canals and public works o f 123, 227, 374, 496, 629, 748 44 and Boston tonnage com pared.. . 360 44 statistics o f railroads o f state o f .. 117 44 cotton market 89,217,343,467,599,725 44 code, construction o f...................... 204 44 law o f fire insurance companies in 243 44 chartered banks, when they expire 321 44 construction o f free banki’g law o f 584 44 monthly imports at 84, 212,339, 463,595, 721 Nolte, Vincent, autobiography o f.................. 414 North Carolina gold m ines............................. 517 North Unst lighthouse, Shetland.................... 628 North Ronaldshay lighthouse........................ 115 O. Ocean, mysteries o f th e................................... 116 44 transport, cost o f ................................. 498 Ohio law on adulteration o f liquors................. 233 44 finances o f................................................. 428 44 grape culture and wine manufacture o f 642 44 condition o f banks o f............................ 91 44 bank taxation in....................................... 231 44 law of relating to bank notes.................. 617 44 liability of stockholders, in..................... 229 44 value of lands in..................................... 504 Ottoman Empire, commerce of the............... 327 Our American lake citie s............................... 403 Overtrading, or large cre d it........................... 136 Oxide o f gold, method o f m ak in g................. 132 P. Pacific railroad route, length o f .................... 379 44 railroad to, economical view o f ........633 Paper money, Swedenborg o n ........................ 619 Paper-making, new pulp and machine for .. 388 Paris, credit i n .................................................. 775 44 stock exchange defalcations in........... 223 Patent-office, full statistics o f.......................... 384 Patents, law o f .................................................. 206 Pauper population of Massachusetts............. 639 Pennsylvania, finances o f ............................... 422 14 coal trade................................... 258 44 increase o f property in........... 619 Perfumery, price o f.......................................... 242 Philadelphia debt and finances o f................... 621 44 corn exchange regulations....... 352 44 custom house, duties at 87, 337, 465, 544 Pittsburgh board o f trade, resolutions o f . . . . 262 Planet, new, discovered by Ferguson........... 650 Political economy—wages................................ 178 Population o f Russian E m pire........................370 44 law of, in Great Britain............... 126 44 statistics of, 126,252, 367,511, 637,754 44 of Mass, and Tennessee compared 369 44 of Cuba.................................. 511 44 o f each of U. States, by ages . . . . 676 44 o f Ireland from 1805 to 1853......... 755 44 of Mexico................................. 754 44 o f the world, figures about the .. 755 Port royal, fixed light a t ................................. 510 Port William, sailing directions for entering. 762 Postage in France.............................................. 742 Post office of the United States, the general. 305 Printing for lace and m uslin............................ 769 Profits and wastes of agriculture.................... 692 Progress of free-trade in Europe.................... 775 Progress o f population In United States....... 675 Public lands for actual settlers and cultivators 760 Potatoes, a substitute f o r ............................... 509 Preserved meats for California market......... 394 Price of wheat, effect o f seasons upon........... 641 Prices thirty-seven years ago.......................... 243 44 of pork at New O rleans...................... 451 Principal and agent............................................ 205 Vll INDEX TO VOLUME XXXI. pags PAGE Principle, business.......................................... 58 Progress o f loeomotion by steam.....................251 Promissory note..................................................205 Property, separate o f husband and w ife.-----579 Property destroyed by fire in San Francisco. 114 Q. Quicksilver in New Mexico.............................. 260 Quick passages of Collins steamers................. 251 Question, the Rus3o-Turkish................... 147-159 Quotations o f domestic exchanges......... 96, 346 II. Railroad to the Pacific, commercial view of. 633 « statistics . . . . 117,247, 374, 496, 629, 748 44 Boston and Worcester, statistics of. 500 44 for Broadway.................................... 72 44 lines completed west o f New York 376 44 investments in New England..........377 44 stocks held by foreigners................ 117 44 fares in Virginia................................ 251 44 receipts o f N .Y . central................... 380 Railroads, how they increase wealth............. 502 44 statistics of New Y ork............ 117-122 “ twenty years ago............................ 381 “ length o f completed in New York 249 44 agricult’l and commerc’l value of. 508 44 of Conn, in 1853-54, statistics o f . . 249 44 and canals, rates transportation on 123 Reefing sails, invention for.............................. 116 Regulations, Commercial 110, 232, 352, 467, 607, **37 44 o f Treasury United States......... 469 Rent, ejectment for non-payment o f ............. 458 R io de Janeiro, cost o f transport t o ............... 497 Russia, commerce with, in peace and w a r... 521 44 finances o f.............................................. 226 w commerce o f United States with . . . . 575 Russian vessels, on the sale o f...........................354 44 Empire, pop’lat’n & geog. position o f 370 Russo-Turkish question, com . view o f . ..147-159 S. Sail, improvement in shortening..................... 367 Sail and steam commerce................................ 19 Sailing directions for Japan, & c .. ................. 626 Salem, commercial enterprise of.?................... 772 Sample clerk wanted in a drug store............. 775 San Francisco, commercial regulations a t.... I ll 44 property destroyed by fire at. 114 44 to N. Y., rates o f passage.... 380 44 duties received at custom house of...................................352 M gas works o f............................... 260 44 shipments o f gold &. coin frm 350 44 United States branch mint at. 228 44 arrival and departures at.........370 w commerce o f m 1853................ 745 44 duties received at, in 1853.... 746 44 effect o f steamer day at.......... 753 44 quicksilver exported from,’53. 746 44 vessels cleared from, in 1853.. 745 San Lucas, harbor lights at port of........... .. 364 Sandwich Islands, census o f............................ 128 Sayings banks, how they get rich..................... 493 44 in N. York, statistics o f.........102 Sea, rules to prevent collision at.................... 366 Sea, exports o f products of, from U. States.. 109 Seaworthiness, ship............................................ 202 Selection o f business....................................... 57 Separate property o f husband and wife........579 Sheep, history and export o f.......................... 642 44 and wool growing................................ 373 Ship-owners, liability of.................................. 206 Ship, contract for sale o f................................. 79 44 ow n ers.................................................... 74 Ships, composition for sheathing................... 132 44 cleared from London to A ustralia.... 107 Shippers, shipmasters, and consignees......... 203 Shoal off New Point Comfort discovered. . . . 510 Shop boy, the honest.......................... ............773 Shot, process'of manufacture o f.................... 516 Sicilies, sanatary regulations o f the T w o .. . . 354 Silver, product in world (1853) o f.................. 93 Slave-holding States, classification o f pop. of. 687 Smyrna, commerce of, in 1853 ...................... 327 Sound dues upon Am. com. in the Baltic.... 435 44 tolls, Danish.......................................... 235 South Carolina, condition o f banks in.. 488, 620 44 finances of...................... .. 424 44 wool-growing in..................... 762 Spain, claims o f United States.........................235 44 decline of population o f...................... 127 Spanish tonnage duties reduced.................... 353 Specie, imports and exports of....................... 622 44 as baggage in cars............................... 101 “ in U. S. in 1820-1849-1854.................. 93 Spit-head, navigation into................................ 116 Star Point Light-house................................... 115 States, bonds o f the, outstanding.................... 219 44 natives o f the land residing in o ld .... 369 44 and Territories, commerce of.............. 744 Statistics of transportation o f letters, &c., in United States................................... 318 44 commercial.. 105, 236,355,475, 600, 743 44 o f foreign commerce, returns o f . .. 470 w railroad, canal, &c., 117, 247,374,496,629, 748 44 of lands in O hio................................ 504 46 o f population, *126, 252, 367, 511, 637, 754 44 o f agriculture, 128, 255, 371, 504, 640, 756 44 and history o f rice........................... 758 44 o f trade and commerce of Ireland. 743 Statistical view of State o f Illinois................ 669 St. Louis chamber o f com’ce, resolutions of. 261 44 lager beer trade o f........... ................ 606 44 millionaires o f................................... 393 Steamboat navigation on western rivers....... 376 44 agents, important to....................... 378 44 statistics.. 117, 247, 374, 496, 629, 748 Steamboats at Cincinnati in 1854.................... 636 44 supervision and inspection o f . .. 471 Steamer day at San Francisco, effect o f.........753 Steamship, the Himalaya, the largest............ 382 44 and the sail ship............................. 381 Stock exchange defalcations at Paris............. 223 44 suggestions touching certificates o f . . . 647 Stocks, value o f South Carolina bank........... 488 44 railroad, held by foreigners................ 117 44 held as security for free bank in Ind. 491 44 held by foreigners, value o f............... 102 Storage of goods imported into United States in steamers....................................................... 611 Success, industry the road to.......................... 138 Sugar in Louisiana, cost o f producing...........640 44 and molasses, exports of, from N. O .. 477 44 consumption in United States o f......... 392 Sulphur trade of Naples................................. 392 Sumner, Charles, letter to Freeman H u n t.... 262 Surety’s liability................................................ 715 Swedenborg on paper-money.......................... 619 Switzerland, currency o f....................................226 Surrogate’s Court, mercantile law in............. 571 T. Tailors, tricks o f .............................................. 138 Tariff alterations, French................................. 737 Taxable property in Pennsylvania................. 619 Taxation in Engiand......................................... 494 Tea and coffee trade......................................... 135 Tea, the material for adulterating..................... 776 Tennessee, lead ore in.........................................388 44 finances o f....................................... 425 Texas, land case decided by S. Court o f ....... 332 Timber, how to preserve it from ship worm. 390 Tobacco, export of, from New Orleans......... 477 44 trad e of Virginia in 1 8 5 3 -5 4 ....... 600 44 culture of, in African France......... 642 Tonnage o f New York and Boston compared 360 INDEX TO VOLUME XXXI. PAGE Trade and commerce o f Cincinnati in 1854.. 544 44 44 Ireland, statistics of. 743 44 marks, counterfeiting........................... 79 44 cotton.................................................... 707 Transcript, Freeman Hunt to ed. of Boston.. 518 Treaty between U. States and Borneo........... CIO 41 reciprocity, between U. States & G. B. 607 44 between U. States and R ussia........... 741 True basis o f national wealth......................... 195 Turk, mercantile honesty o f a ......... .............. 520 TJ. Underwriters of New York with reference to insurance....................................................... G23 Uniform system of coinage for nations.......... 63 United States, cotton manufactures in ......... 133 “ public debt o f.....................91, 222 44 wheat produced in................... 507 44 exp’ ts of products of forests o f 105 44 and Borneo, treaty between.. 610 44 mint, deposits, &c., at, 84, 211, 338, 462, 593, 718 44 property of the several............ 219 44 value o f merchandise export ed to foreign countries, ’53. 236 44 value o f foreign imports into. 236 44 quantity and value o f foreign exports from ........................ 238 44 and U. Kingdom, trade betw . 360 44 foreign population of............... 512 44 receipts and expenditures of. 495 44 specie in.................................... 93 44 treasury, deposits in the.......... 347 44 general post-office in the.........305 44 exp’ ts o f products of sea from 109 44 slave and white population of, 1790 to 1850 .......................... 254 44 history o f the commerce of, 159, 275, 531, 659 44 funded debt of.......................... 220 44 cost and consump. of glass in. 224 44 claims of, against Spain........... 235 44 exports of animal products... 109 44 patent office, statistics o f.____ 384 44 imports o f wines into, from 1843-53.................................. 295 44 branch mint at S. Francisco.. 228 44 statistical view of coram’ce of. 356 u nationality of vessels entered and cleared........................... 355 44 mineral resources o f ................. 763 f PAGE United States, moneys appro, by Congress o f 44 progress o f population o f . . . . 44 progress o f pop. in 60 years.. United Kingdom, import and consumption of grain in..............T...................................... Unseaworthiness of vessels............................. Unsuccessful, hint for the................................ Usury laws, repeal o f the............................... 731 675 688 361 138 704 V. Value o f real and personal property in New York city......................................................... J89 Varna, port of, on Black Sea............................ ~4o Vermont, issue of fraudulent stocks o f ........ 732 Vicksburg, cotton received at........................ 636 Victoria railroad bridge at Montreal............. 501 Virginia, iron ore in, for manufactures........ 768 44 tobacco and flour trade in 1853-54 . 600 44 railroad fares in................................ 251 44 small note law o f.............................. 230 Venezuelan tariff on flax....................................354 44 commercial regulation............... 612 Vessels entered and cleared U. S................... 355 44 that passed the Danish sound............ 437 44 invention for reefing sails o f........... . 116 W . Wages, essay on ...................... . ....................... 178 Warehouses, duties o f officers in U.S. bonded 471 Waiver—contracts........................................... 714 Wamsutta cotton m ills ................................... 764 Wastes o f agriculture....................................... 692 Wealth, true basis o f national........................ 195 Wheat, effect of seasons upon price o f..........641 44 prices of at Albany for 61 years....... 109 44 prices in foreign ports........................ 108 44 production and exportation o f U. S.. 507 Wickersham’s, railroad for Broadway.......... 72 Wine, and the wine and spirit trade............. 289 Wine and grape in Ohio, culture o f............... 642 Winterton, lighthouse a t ................................ 116 Wisconsin, condition o f the banks o f..............349 44 finances o f ..................................... 432 Wives and daughters o f merchants............... 522 Women, figures about...................................... 640 Wool-growing in South Carolina..................... 762 W ool, price of, in England, for 30 years........606 Wool, history and export o f............................ 642 World, coal-fields o f ........................................... 386 World, iron manufactures o f the..................... 130 Wright’s tables of insurance................... . . . . 734
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