View original document

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

News

United States
Department
of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics
Information:
(202) 691-6127 cbainfo@bls.gov
Media Contact: (202) 691-5902
Internet Address: http://www.bls.gov/cba

Washington, D.C. 20212
USDL 05-598
For Release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Friday, April 8, 2005

MAJOR WORK STOPPAGES IN 2004
The number of workers idled because of lockouts and strikes in 2004 rose from the prior
year while the number of days of idleness fell. As a result, the percent of estimated working time
lost remained roughly the same as in 2003, the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported. These figures were still low by historical standards.
Seventeen major work stoppages began during 2004 and one major work stoppage
continued from 2003, idling 170,700 workers and resulting in 3.3 million workdays of idleness.
Comparable figures for 2003 were 14 stoppages, 129,200 workers idled, and 4.1 million workdays
of idleness. (See Tables 1 & 3 and Charts A-C.) The major work stoppages series, which dates
back to 1947, covers strikes and lockouts involving 1,000 or more employees and lasting at least
one shift. For work stoppages that span two different calendar years, only those days of idleness in
calendar year 2004 are counted. Detailed work stoppage statistics are available at
(http://www.bls.gov/cba/).
Of the 17 major work stoppages beginning in 2004, 14 were in private industry and three
were in State and local governments. In private industry, the largest number of stoppages occurred
among the service providing industries (seven) and among the manufacturing sector of the goods
producing industries (three). Of the stoppages occurring in the service providing industries, four
were in the health care and social assistance sector and three were in the accommodation and food
service sector. In State and local governments, two stoppages were in the transportation and
warehousing sector and one was in the health care and social assistance sector.
Four work stoppages, three beginning in 2004 and one that began in 2003, accounted for 83
percent of all workers idled in 2004. The largest was between SBC Communications, Inc. and the
Communications Workers of America (CWA), with 102,000 workers idled. The second largest,
the stoppage that began in 2003 and continued into 2004, was between Albertsons, Ralphs Grocery
Company, Vons and the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW), with 61,300 workers
idled. The third largest was a stoppage between the Home Health Care Agencies in New York
City and the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), which idled 19,000 workers. The
fourth largest was a stoppage between the Hotel and Casino Employers in Atlantic City and
UNITE HERE, which idled 10,000 workers. These four work stoppages cited above were
responsible for 85 percent of the days of idleness in 2004. (See Table 2.)

The industries with the most days of idleness during the year due to work stoppages were
retail trade (2,447,900 days) and other services (747,700 days).
The average length of a work stoppage beginning in 2004 was 14.6 days; 83 percent of all
work stoppages lasted 30 days or less. (See Table A.) The longest work stoppage was a dispute
between the Automobile Dealers Association in St. Louis, MO, with the International Association
of Machinists (IAM) and the International Brother of Teamsters (IBT) lasting 52 days. The
dispute between Albertsons, Ralphs Grocery Company, Vons and the United Food and
Commercial Workers (UFCW) lasted 39 days in 2004 and 56 days in 2003, for a combined 95-day
work stoppage (this work stoppage is represented in Table A for 2003 because it was initiated in
2003). There were two major work stoppages still in effect on December 31, 2004: a work
stoppage between Ormet and United Steel Workers of America (USWA) and a work stoppage
between Jersey Central Power and Light and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
(IBEW).
Table A. Duration of work stoppages beginning in 2004, 2003, and 2002
2004
2003
2002
Duration Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
1-2 days
3
18
1
7
2
11
3-10 days
6
35
6
43
4
21
11-20 days
3
18
1
7
4
21
21-30 days
2
12
2
14
3
16
31-40 days
2
12
1
7
2
11
41-50 days
0
0
1
7
3
16
> 50 days
1
6
2
14
1
5
Note: Percent totals may not add to 100 because of rounding. The 2003 and 2002 numbers represent the
total duration of all work stoppages initiated during these respective years. The 2004 numbers represent
work stoppages initiated in 2004; at the time of this news release, there are two work stoppages still
ongoing in 2005.

The term “major work stoppage” includes both worker-initiated strikes and employerinitiated lockouts that involve 1,000 workers or more. BLS does not distinguish between
strikes and lockouts in its statistics.
Information on work stoppages is obtained from reports from the Federal Mediation and
Conciliation Service, State labor market information offices, and from media sources such
as The Daily Labor Report and the Wall Street Journal. One or both parties involved in the
work stoppage (employer or union) is contacted to verify the duration of and the number of
workers idled by the stoppage.

2

Table 1. Work stoppages involving 1,000 or more workers, 1947-2004

Period

Number of
work
stoppages
beginning
in
period

2004 ............................................................
2003 ............................................................
2002 ............................................................
2001 ............................................................
2000 ............................................................

17
14
19
29
39

1999 ............................................................
1998 ............................................................
1997 ............................................................
1996 ............................................................
1995 ............................................................

Days idle2
Numbers of
workers
involved
(thousands)1

Number
(thousands)

Percent of
estimated
working time3

171
129
46
99
394

3,344
4,091
660
1,151
20,419

.01
.01
(4)
(4)
.06

17
34
29
37
31

73
387
339
273
192

1,996
5,116
4,497
4,889
5,771

.01
.02
.01
.02
.02

1994 ............................................................
1993 ............................................................
1992 ............................................................
1991 ............................................................
1990 ............................................................

45
35
35
40
44

322
182
364
392
185

5,021
3,981
3,989
4,584
5,926

.02
.01
.01
.02
.02

1989 ............................................................
1988 ............................................................
1987 ............................................................
1986 ............................................................
1985 ............................................................

51
40
46
69
54

452
118
174
533
324

16,996
4,381
4,481
11,861
7,079

.07
.02
.02
.05
.03

1984 ............................................................
1983 ............................................................
1982 ............................................................
1981 ............................................................
1980 ............................................................

62
81
96
145
187

376
909
656
729
795

8,499
17,461
9,061
16,908
20,844

.04
.08
.04
.07
.09

1979 ............................................................
1978 ............................................................
1977 ............................................................
1976 ............................................................
1975 ............................................................

235
219
298
231
235

1,021
1,006
1,212
1,519
965

20,409
23,774
21,258
23,962
17,563

.09
.11
.10
.12
.09

1974 ............................................................
1973 ............................................................
1972 ............................................................
1971 ............................................................
1970 ............................................................

424
317
250
298
381

1,796
1,400
975
2,516
2,468

31,809
16,260
16,764
35,538
52,761

.16
.08
.09
.19
.29

1969 ............................................................
1968 ............................................................
1967 ............................................................
1966 ............................................................
1965 ............................................................

412
392
381
321
268

1,576
1,855
2,192
1,300
999

29,397
35,367
31,320
16,000
15,140

.16
.20
.18
.10
.10

1964 ............................................................
1963 ............................................................
1962 ............................................................
1961 ............................................................
1960 ............................................................

246
181
211
195
222

1,183
512
793
1,031
896

16,220
10,020
11,760
10,140
13,260

.11
.07
.08
.07
.09

1959 ............................................................
1958 ............................................................
1957 ............................................................
1956 ............................................................
1955 ............................................................

245
332
279
287
363

1,381
1,587
887
1,370
2,055

60,850
17,900
10,340
26,840
21,180

.43
.13
.07
.20
.16

See footnotes at end of table.

3

Table 1. Work stoppages involving 1,000 or more workers, 1947-2004 — Continued
Days idle2

Period

Number of
work
stoppages
beginning
in
period

Numbers of
workers
involved
(thousands)1

Number
(thousands)

Percent of
estimated
working time3

1954 ............................................................
1953 ............................................................
1952 ............................................................
1951 ............................................................
1950 ............................................................

265
437
470
415
424

1,075
1,623
2,746
1,462
1,698

16,630
18,130
48,820
15,070
30,390

.13
.14
.38
.12
.26

1949 ............................................................
1948 ............................................................
1947 ............................................................

262
245
270

2,537
1,435
1,629

43,420
26,127
25,720

.38
.22
(5)

1 Number of workers involved includes only those
workers who participated in work stoppages that began in
the calendar year. Workers are counted more than once if
they are involved in more than one stoppage during the
reference period. Numbers are rounded to the nearest
thousand.
2 Days idle includes all stopages in effect during the
reference period. For work stoppages that are still ongoing
at the end of the calendar year, only those days of idleness
in the calendar year are counted.
3 Agricultural and government employees are included

in the calculation of estimated working time; private
households, forestry, and fishery employees are excluded.
4 Less than .005.
5 Data not available.
Note: "Number of workers involved" in Table 1 reflects a
tabulation of workers involved in a work stoppage that
began in a specific year. "Number of workers involved" in
Table 3 reflects a tabulation of all workers involved in a
work stoppage in that year without making the distinction of
when the work stoppage was initiated.

4

Table 2. Work stoppages involving 5,000 or more workers beginning in 2004
Industry
code2

Beginning
date

Ending
date

American Axle and Manufacturing, Inc
MI and NY
United Auto Workers (UAW) ......................

334350

2/26/04

2/26/04

6,700

6,700

SBC Communications, Inc.
Nationwide
Communications Workers
of America (CWA) ......................................

517110

5/21/04

5/24/04

102,000

204,000

Home Health Care Agencies
New York, NY
Service Employees
International Union (SEIU) .........................

621610

6/7/04

6/9/04

19,000

57,000

City of New York
New York, NY
American Federation of State, County,
and Municipal Employees (AFSME) ..........

664410

6/9/04

6/11/04

7,000

21,000

Hotel and Casino Employees
Atlantic City, NJ
UNITE HERE .............................................

721120

10/1/04

11/3/04

10,000

230,000

Sutter Health
San Francisco, CA
Service Employees
International Union (SEIU) .........................

622110

12/6/04

12/10/04

7,000

35,000

Organizations involved
and location1

1 Labor organizations are affiliated with the AFL-CIO except where noted as Independent (Ind.).
2 Industry code is from the 2002 NAICS (North American Industry Classification System).
3 The number of workers involved is rounded to the nearest 100.

5

Number of
workers3

Days idle

Table 3. Work stoppages involving 1,000 or more workers, detailed monthly data, 2004, 2003, and 2002
Number of
work
stoppages
beginning
in
period

Number of
work
stoppages in
effect during
period1

2004:
January .....................................................
February ...................................................
March ........................................................
April ..........................................................
May ...........................................................
June ..........................................................
July ...........................................................
August ......................................................
September ................................................
October .....................................................
November .................................................
December .................................................
Annual .......................................................

0
1
1
0
2
3
0
2
2
1
2
3
17

1
2
1
1
2
4
1
2
3
3
4
4
(4)

61
67
2
2
103
29
2
4
7
16
17
11
320

1204
1147
44
26
204
94
3
53
57
300
115
98
3344

2003:
January .....................................................
February ...................................................
March ........................................................
April ..........................................................
May ...........................................................
June ..........................................................
July ...........................................................
August ......................................................
September ................................................
October .....................................................
November .................................................
December .................................................
Annual ......................................................

1
0
2
1
1
1
0
3
0
5
0
0
14

2
0
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
5
3
2
4
( )

19
0
4
4
1
4
4
8
3
82
77
71
277

49
0
19
40
8
16
12
36
51
1169
1219
1473
4091

2002:
January .....................................................
February ...................................................
March ........................................................
April ..........................................................
May ...........................................................
June ..........................................................
July ...........................................................
August ......................................................
September ................................................
October .....................................................
November .................................................
December .................................................
Annual ......................................................

0
1
1
2
3
1
3
1
3
1
2
1
19

1
2
1
3
5
3
4
3
3
3
2
1
(4)

1
3
3
7
9
5
8
6
14
14
4
1
75

21
9
44
81
138
36
54
51
40
133
24
29
660

Period

1 Includes stoppages that began in prior months and
are still active.
2 Includes ongoing work stoppages. Numbers are
rounded to the nearest thousand.
3 Days idle includes all stoppages ongoing during the
reference period.
4 This column includes all work stoppages ongoing
during the month. If a work stoppage continues longer than

Numbers of
workers
involved
(thousands)2

Days idle
(thousands)3

one month, it will be counted in each of the months.
Note: "Number of workers involved" in Table 1 reflects a
tabulation of workers involved in a work stoppage that
began in a specific year. "Number of workers involved" in
Table 3 reflects a tabulation of all workers involved in a
work stoppage in that year without making the distinction of
when the work stoppage was initiated.

6

Chart A. Number of major work stoppages, 1947-2004
Number of work stoppages
500

400

300

200

100

0
47

50

53

56

59

62

65

68

71

74

77

80

83

86

89

92

95

98

01

04

92

95

98

01

04

92

95

98

01

04

Chart B. Number of workers involved in major work stoppages, 1947-2004
Number of workers
(thousands)
3 ,0 0 0

2 ,5 0 0

2 ,0 0 0

1 ,5 0 0

1 ,0 0 0

500

0
47

50

53

56

59

62

65

68

71

74

77

80

83

86

89

Chart C. Number of days of idleness from major work stoppages, 1947-2004
Days of idleness
(thousands)
7 0 ,0 0 0
6 0 ,0 0 0
5 0 ,0 0 0
4 0 ,0 0 0
3 0 ,0 0 0
2 0 ,0 0 0
1 0 ,0 0 0
0
47

50

53

56

59

62

65

68

71

74

7

77

80

83

86

89