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News

United States
Department
of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics
Information:
(202) 691-5174 cbainfo@bls.gov
Media Contact: (202) 691-5902 hoyle_k@bls.gov
Internet Address: http://www.bls.gov/cba

Washington, D.C. 20212
USDL 04-418
For Release: 10:00 A.M. EST
Friday, March 19, 2004

MAJOR WORK STOPPAGES IN 2003
The number of workers idled, the number of days of idleness, and the percent of
estimated working time lost because of strikes and lockouts rose in 2003, but were still low by
historical standards, the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics reported.
Fourteen major work stoppages began during the year, idling 129,200 workers and resulting in
4.1 million workdays of idleness (about 1 out of every 10,000 available workdays). Comparable
figures for 2002 were 19 stoppages, 46,000 workers idled, and 660,000 days of idleness. (See
table 1 and charts A-C.) The major work stoppages series, which dates back to 1947, covers
strikes and lockouts involving 1,000 workers or more and lasting at least one shift. For work
stoppages that are still ongoing at the end of the calendar year, only those days of idleness in the
calendar year are counted.
Of the major work stoppages beginning in 2003, 12 were in private industry and two were
in state and local government. In private industry, the largest number of stoppages occurred in
the manufacturing sector (three) and in the retail trade sector (three). In state and local
government, one stoppage was in the transportation and warehousing sector and one was in
public administration.
Five work stoppages beginning in 2003 accounted for 82 percent of all workers idled.
The largest was between Albertsons, Ralphs Grocery Company, and Vons and the United Food
and Commercial Workers (UFCW), with 67,300 workers idled. The second largest was a
stoppage between General Electric Company and the Communications Workers (IUE-CWA) and
the United Electrical Workers (UE-Ind.) that idled 17,500 workers. The third was a stoppage
between Dierbergs Markets, Schnucks, and Shop ‘n Save and the United Food and Commercial
Workers (UFCW) that idled 10,200. The two work stoppages in state and local government were
the next largest. A work stoppage between the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation
Authority and the United Transportation Union (UTU-Ind.) idled 6,200 workers while a work
stoppage between The County of San Joaquin and the Service Employees (SEIU) idled 5,000
workers. (See table 2.)
Industry sectors with the most days of idleness during the year due to work stoppages
were retail trade (3,689,000 days), transportation and warehousing (178,700 days), and
manufacturing (82,800 days).

Nine-tenths of the year’s days of idleness stemmed from three major disputes, including
the disputes between Albertsons, Ralphs Grocery Company, and Vons and the United Food and
Commercial Workers (UFCW) (3,374,200 days), between Dierbergs Markets, Schnucks, and
Shop ‘n Save and the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) (183,600 days), and
between the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority and the United
Transportation Union (UTU-Ind.) (148,800 days).
The average length of work stoppages beginning in 2003 was 22 days, and 71 percent of
all work stoppages lasted 30 days or less. The longest work stoppage was the dispute between
Albertsons, Ralphs Grocery Company, and Vons and the United Food and Commercial Workers
(UFCW) that began on October 13 and was still in effect on December 31. It also was the only
dispute in 2003 that lasted more than 50 days (See Table A.)
Table A. Duration of work stoppages beginning in 2002 and 2003
2002
2003
Duration
Number Percent Number Percent
1-2 days
2
11
1
7
3-10 days
4
21
6
43
11-20 days
5
26
1
7
21-30 days
3
16
2
14
31-40 days
1
5
2
14
41-50 days
3
16
1
7
Over 50 days
1
5
1
7
Note: Percent totals may not add to 100 because of rounding.

The term "major work stoppage" includes both worker-initiated strikes and employerinitiated lockouts that involve 1,000 workers or more. BLS does not distinguish between strikes
and lockouts in its statistics.
Information on work stoppages is obtained from reports from the Federal Mediation and
Conciliation Service and state labor market information offices and from media sources such as
The Daily Labor Report and the Wall Street Journal. One or both of the parties involved in the
work stoppage (employer, union, etc.) is then contacted to verify the duration of and the number
of workers idled by the stoppage.

2

Table 1. Work stoppages involving 1,000 or more workers, 1947-2003
Days idle2

Number of
stoppages
beginning
in period

Number of
workers
involved1
(thousands)

Number
(thousands)

Percent of
estimated
working time3

1947 ..............................
1948 ..............................
1949 ..............................

270
245
262

1,629
1,435
2,537

25,720
26,127
43,420

(4)
.22
.38

1950 ..............................
1951 ..............................
1952 ..............................
1953 ..............................
1954 ..............................

424
415
470
437
265

1,698
1,462
2,746
1,623
1,075

30,390
15,070
48,820
18,130
16,630

.26
.12
.38
.14
.13

1955 ..............................
1956 ..............................
1957 ..............................
1958 ..............................
1959 ..............................

363
287
279
332
245

2,055
1,370
887
1,587
1,381

21,180
26,840
10,340
17,900
60,850

.16
.20
.07
.13
.43

1960 ..............................
1961 ..............................
1962 ..............................
1963 ..............................
1964 ..............................

222
195
211
181
246

896
1,031
793
512
1,183

13,260
10,140
11,760
10,020
16,220

.09
.07
.08
.07
.11

1965 ..............................
1966 ..............................
1967 ..............................
1968 ..............................
1969 ..............................

268
321
381
392
412

999
1,300
2,192
1,855
1,576

15,140
16,000
31,320
35,367
29,397

.10
.10
.18
.20
.16

1970 ..............................
1971 ..............................
1972 ..............................
1973 ..............................
1974 ..............................

381
298
250
317
424

2,468
2,516
975
1,400
1,796

52,761
35,538
16,764
16,260
31,809

.29
.19
.09
.08
.16

1975 ..............................
1976 ..............................
1977 ..............................
1978 ..............................
1979 ..............................

235
231
298
219
235

965
1,519
1,212
1,006
1,021

17,563
23,962
21,258
23,774
20,409

.09
.12
.10
.11
.09

1980 ..............................
1981 ..............................
1982 ..............................
1983 ..............................
1984 ..............................

187
145
96
81
62

795
729
656
909
376

20,844
16,908
9,061
17,461
8,499

.09
.07
.04
.08
.04

1985 ..............................
1986 ..............................
1987 ..............................
1988 ..............................
1989 ..............................

54
69
46
40
51

324
533
174
118
452

7,079
11,861
4,481
4,381
16,996

.03
.05
.02
.02
.07

1990 ..............................
1991 ..............................
1992 ..............................
1993 ..............................
1994 ..............................

44
40
35
35
45

185
392
364
182
322

5,926
4,584
3,989
3,981
5,021

.02
.02
.01
.01
.02

1995 ..............................
1996 ..............................
1997 ..............................
1998 ..............................

31
37
29
34

192
273
339
387

5,771
4,889
4,497
5,116

.02
.02
.01
.02

Period

See footnotes at end of table.

3

Table 1. Work stoppages involving 1,000 or more workers, 1947-2003—Continued

Period

Number of
stoppages
beginning
in period

Number of
workers
involved1
(thousands)

Days idle2
Number
(thousands)

Percent of
estimated
working time3

1999 ..............................
2000 ..............................
2001 ..............................
2002 ..............................

17
39
29
19

73
394
99
46

1,996
20,419
1,151
660

0.01
.06
(5)
(5)

2003 ..............................
January ..............
February ............
March .................
April ...................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........

14
1
0
2
1
1
1
0
3
0
5
0
0

129.2
17.5
0
4.0
4.0
1.3
4.0
0
8.2
0
82.2
8.06
0

4091.2
48.8
0
18.5
40.0
7.8
16.0
12.0
35.9
51.3
1168.5
1219.0
1473.4

.01
(5)
.00
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
.04
.05
.05

1 Workers are counted more than once if they
are involved in more than one stoppage during the
reference period.
2 Days idle includes all stoppages in effect
during the reference period. For work stoppages
that are still ongoing at the end of the calendar year,
only those days of idleness in the calendar year are
counted.

3 Agricultural and government employees are
included in the calculation of estimated working
time; private households, forestry, and fishery
employees are excluded.
4 Data not available.
5 Less than .005.
6 Reflects an increase in the number of workers
idled by a work stoppage in effect.

4

Table 2. Work stoppages involving 5,000 or more workers beginning in 2003
Industry
code2

Beginning
date

Ending
date

Number of
workers3

Days idle

General Electric Company
Communication Workers (IUE-CWA);
United Electrical Workers (UE-Ind.) ...........

334612

1/14/03

1/15/03

17,500

35,000

The County of San Joaquin
Stockton, CA
Service Employees (SEIU) ........................

921190

8/4/03

8/8/03

5,000

25,000

Dierbergs Markets, Schnucks, and
Shop ’n Save
St. Louis, MO
United Food and Commercial Workers
(UFCW) .....................................................

445110

10/7/03

10/31/03

10,200

183,600

Albertsons, Ralphs Grocery Company,
and Vons
Southern CA
United Food and Commercial Workers
(UFCW) .....................................................

445110

10/12/03

(4)

67,3005

3,374,200

Los Angeles County Metropolitan
Transportation Authority
Los Angeles, CA
United Transportation Union
(UTU-Ind.) ..................................................

485111

10/14/03

11/17/03

6,200

148,800

Organizations involved
and location1

1 Labor organizations are affiliated with the AFL-CIO except where noted as Independent (Ind.).
2 Industry code is from the 2002 NAICS (North American Industry Classification System).
3 The number of workers involved is rounded to the nearest 100.
4 As of December 31, 2003, the work stoppage was still ongoing.
5 The number of workers idled on October 12, 2003 was 59,300; on November 24, 2003 the number increased to 67,300 and on December
23, 2003 the number decreased to 61,300.

5

Chart A. Number of major work stoppages, 1947-2003
Number of work stoppages
500

400

300

200

100

0
47

51

55

59

63

67

71

75

79

83

87

91

95

99

03

91

95

99

03

95

99

03

Chart B. Number of workers involved in major work stoppages, 1947-2003
Number of workers
(thousands)
3,000

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

0
47

51

55

59

63

67

71

75

79

83

87

Chart C. Number of days of idleness from major work stoppages, 1947-2003
Days of idleness
(thousands)
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
47

51

55

59

63

67

71

6

75

79

83

87

91