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TEXT
Table 1. Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation under current and replaced private
Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
Table 3. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining
Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under
Table 6. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining
Table 7. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of
Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering
Table 9. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
Table 9. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
Table 10. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
Table 11. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components
Table 12. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components
Table 13. Cost changes: Percent distribution of workers in
Table 14. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000
Table 15. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering
Technical Information: USDL: 95-443
Janice Devine (202) 606-6276 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. EST
William Davis (202) 606-6277 Tuesday, October 31, 1995
Media Contact: (202) 606-5902
MAJOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING SETTLEMENTS
IN PRIVATE INDUSTRY, THIRD QUARTER 1995
Major collective bargaining settlements reached in private industry
during the third quarter of 1995 called for annual changes in wage rates
over the contract term that were slightly lower, on average, than those
specified in the agreements they replaced, the U.S. Department of Labor's
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Average annual wage changes
have been lower in current settlements compared with replaced contracts for
12 consecutive quarters. The Bureau's series on major collective
bargaining statistics covers bargaining units of 1,000 or more workers.
Wage rate changes under settlements
Settlements in the third quarter of 1995 specified wage rate
changes averaging an increase of 3.2 percent both in their first year and
annually over their contract term. (See tables 1 and 2.) Corresponding
changes in agreements they replaced (which were primarily negotiated in
1992) were increases of 3.8 percent and 3.3 percent. Lump-sum payments and
cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) are not included in specified wage rate
changes. During the third quarter, 63 settlements, covering 407,000
workers, were concluded. Settlements in telephone communications,
electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing, and construction
accounted for just over three-fourths of the workers.
During the third quarter of 1995, cash lump-sum payment provisions
were added in 14 agreements covering 165,000 workers, maintained in another
14 agreements for 144,000 workers, and discontinued in 2 agreements for
19,000 workers. As of September 30, 1995, such provisions covered 45
percent of the 5.4 million workers under all major collective bargaining
contracts in private industry, the highest level of coverage since the
Bureau of Labor Statistics began compiling this information in 1987. The
previous high was 44 percent in 1989.
Four agreements covering 6,000 workers reached in the third quarter
of 1995 retained their COLA clauses, while three agreements for 71,000
workers discontinued them. No settlement added a COLA clause. As of
September 30, 1995, COLA provisions covered 22 percent of the 5.4 million
workers under major collective bargaining contracts compared with 24
percent at the end of 1994. Coverage has been steadily declining since the
late 1980s when it was about 40 percent.
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Workers under third-quarter settlements accounted for 30 percent of
the 1.4 million workers under the 350 settlements reached in the 12 months
ended September 30, 1995. (See table 3.) Settlements during this 4-quarter
period, on average, specified a lower wage rate change over their term than
the contracts being replaced--an annual increase of 2.6 percent compared
with 3.1 percent. (See the chart.) This has been the pattern for the last
12 4-quarter periods. Over their term, agreements reached during the year
ended September 30, 1995, specified wage rate increases for 89 percent of
the workers and no wage change for nearly all the others. (See table 4.)
These contracts had an average duration of 37.9 months. (See table 7.)
Thirty-nine percent of the workers under settlements reached during
the 4-quarter period ended September 30, 1995, had either a cash lump-sum
payment provision, a COLA clause, or both. Their wage changes over the
contract term averaged an increase of 2.5 percent annually compared with
2.6 percent for workers in settlements with neither provision. Lump-sum
payments are not part of the ongoing rate structure and, therefore, are
excluded from the rate data. Such payments, however, are included in
measures of compensation cost changes discussed in the next section.
Potential wage changes from COLA clauses depend on future price changes
and, therefore, are excluded from both rate and cost data. (See the
Explanatory Note.)
Typically, lump-sum payment and COLA provisions are negotiated more
frequently for manufacturing than for nonmanufacturing workers. During the
year ended September 30, 1995, cash lump-sum payment and/or COLA provisions
covered 62 percent of the workers in manufacturing settlements compared
with 33 percent in nonmanufacturing. For all manufacturing settlements,
the wage rate change averaged an annual increase of 2.1 percent over the
contract term. Settlements with cash lump-sum and/or COLA provisions
called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 1.8 percent annually
over the life of the agreement compared with 2.5 percent in settlements
with neither provision.
Nonmanufacturing settlements reached in the year ended September
30, 1995, called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 2.7 percent
annually over their life. Settlements with lump-sum and/or COLA provisions
had annual wage changes averaging an increase of 2.9 percent over the
contract term compared with 2.6 percent in settlements with neither
provision.
Compensation cost changes under settlements
The BLS data on negotiated changes in employers' costs for employee
compensation relate to settlements covering 5,000 or more workers.
Compensation cost changes include specified (guaranteed) cash and benefit
lump-sum payments and reflect both the size and timing of compensation rate
changes. Lump-sum payments and the timing are not taken into account in
the rate measure. See the Explanatory Note for a more detailed description
of the cost series.
- 3 -
Settlements for 5,000 workers or more accounted for 76 percent
(308,000) of the 407,000 workers covered by all major settlements
negotiated in the third quarter of 1995. They provided total compensation
cost changes averaging an increase of 2.8 percent annually over the life of
the contract, the same percentage as in the contracts being replaced.
Under third-quarter settlements, annual cost changes over the contract term
averaged 2.2 percent for wages alone, 2.5 percent for cash payments (wages
and cash lump-sum payments), and 3.3 percent for benefits. (See table 11.)
For the 12 months ended September 30, 1995, settlements for 5,000
or more workers accounted for 58 percent (793,000) of the 1.4 million
workers under all major settlements. These settlements provided total
compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.8 percent annually
over the contract term. The corresponding change in the agreements they
replaced was an increase of 2.4 percent. Over the contract term,
settlements reached in the 12 months ended September 30, 1995, specified
annual changes averaging increases of 1.6 percent for wages alone, 1.7
percent for cash payments (including wages and cash lump-sum payments), and
1.8 percent for benefit costs.
Twenty-nine percent of the workers under settlements for 5,000 or
more workers reached in the year ended September 30, 1995, could receive
compensation increases beyond those specified in the settlement from
contingent pay provisions. Examples of such provisions include COLA
clauses and lump-sum provisions that call for a payment only if company
profits exceed a specified amount. Potential payments under these
provisions are excluded from the series. Specified annual compensation
cost changes over the contract term averaged an increase of 2.5 percent in
settlements with contingent pay provisions and 1.5 percent in those without
such provisions. (See table 12.)
Wage rate changes under all major contracts
In addition to data on changes in rates and costs under
settlements, BLS compiled information on wage rate changes during the third
quarter of 1995 under all major contracts. Wage rate changes averaged an
increase of 0.8 percent--0.2 percent from settlements reached during the
quarter, 0.5 percent from agreements reached earlier, and 0.1 percent from
COLAs. (See table 14.)
Approximately 5.4 million workers were covered by these contracts.
About 1.9 million workers had their wages increased, another 3.5 million
workers were under major contracts in which wage rates remained the same
during the third quarter, and 1,700 workers had wage decreases.
Wage rate increases during the third quarter of 1995 stemmed from
one or more of the following: Settlements reached in 1995 which provided
increases in the quarter averaging 3.3 percent for 377,000 workers;
contracts negotiated before 1995 that specified increases in the quarter
averaging 3.1 percent for 854,000 workers; and COLA provisions, which
yielded increases averaging 0.5 percent for 641,000 workers. About 52,000
additional workers had COLA reviews which did not produce a wage change,
largely because movement in the BLS Consumer Price Index was insufficient
to trigger one. COLA reviews during the third quarter of 1995 generated
average wage rate changes that amounted to 65 percent of the CPI movement
during the review period.
- 4 -
Fourth-quarter 1995 activity
During October-December 1995, 291,000 workers are covered by 68
major agreements scheduled to expire or reopen for wage negotiations. Just
under 70 percent of these workers are in the aerospace, real estate
operators, building cleaning and maintenance services, health services, and
construction industries. In addition, there are 624,000 workers under 81
agreements that expired or were reopened, but had not been renegotiated or
ratified prior to October 1, 1995. Sixty percent of these workers are
employed in the railroad, telephone communications, food store, and
construction industries.
In the fourth quarter, 494,000 workers are scheduled for wage
increases averaging 2.7 percent under provisions of agreements negotiated
prior to 1995, and about 67,000 are slated for increases averaging 2.5
percent under agreements reached during 1995. COLA reviews are scheduled
for 735,000 workers during the quarter.
EXPLANATORY NOTE ABOUT THE DATA
This release covers major collective bargaining units--those with
1,000 or more workers--in private nonfarm industries. It is limited to
production and related workers in manufacturing and nonsupervisory workers
in nonmanufacturing. About 6.7 percent of the employed production and
nonsupervisory workers in private industry (excluding households) are
covered by a major bargaining agreement.
Wage and compensation changes under settlements
The series on major collective bargaining settlements estimates how
much wage and compensation rates and compensation costs will change from
existing levels as a result of new collective bargaining agreements reached
during specified reference periods.
Compensation rates include: Straight-time pay for time worked;
premium pay for overtime, weekend, holiday, and shift work; paid leave;
life, health, and sickness and accident insurance; pension and other
retirement plans; severance pay; and legally required benefits.
Compensation rates exclude lump-sum payments because they are not part of
the ongoing rate structure.
Compensation costs include: All items covered by compensation
rates plus specified cash and benefit lump-sum payments, which are excluded
from rate data.
Wage and compensation rate changes: The rate change for a
settlement is the percent difference between the average rate just prior to
the start of a new agreement and the average rate that would exist at the
end of the first 365 days of the new agreement (first year measure) or at
its expiration date (over-the-life measure). The over-the-life measure is
expressed as an annual average change. The average rate change for all
- 5 -
settlements is calculated by first multiplying the rate change for each
settlement by the number of workers under the settlement. Next, the
resulting products are summed, and the sum is divided by the total number
of workers under all settlements. The result is the average change for all
settlements.
Compensation cost changes: The compensation cost change for a
settlement is the percent difference between the average cost of
compensation per work hour (including the hourly cost of lump-sum payments
made during the term of the expiring agreement) just prior to the start of
a new agreement and the average cost of compensation per work hour under
the settlement. The average cost of compensation under the settlement is
calculated in two steps, as follows: 1) Each hourly compensation rate
(excluding lump-sum payments) is multiplied by the number of hours it is to
be paid during the agreement; the products are summed; and the total is
divided by the number of work hours over the agreement term. The result is
the cost per work hour of compensation excluding specified lump-sum
payments. 2) The cost per work hour of specified lump-sum payments is
computed by dividing the total amount of any cash and benefit lump sums by
the total number of work hours over the agreement term. The sum of the
results of steps 1 and 2 is the estimated average cost of compensation per
work hour over the term of the new agreement. The percent difference
between this amount and the average cost at the end of the expiring
agreement is the average cost change under the settlement.
The average cost change under all settlements is calculated by
multiplying the percent change in cost under each settlement by the number
of workers under the settlement. The results are summed, and the sum is
divided by the total number of workers under all settlements.
The following example illustrates one of the major differences
between the compensation rate series and the compensation cost series. Two
agreements (A and B) expire. At expiration, compensation under each
agreement is $10 an hour. The agreements are replaced by new settlements
that run for 1 year. The settlement replacing agreement A immediately
increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour. The settlement
replacing agreement B leaves compensation unchanged for the first 6 months
and then increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour.
The rate series measures the size of each settlement by calculating
the difference between compensation at the expiration of the old agreement
and compensation at the expiration of the new agreement and computing the
percent change. Thus, it measures each settlement as providing a 5-percent
($.50/$10) compensation rate increase over the 1 year term.
The cost series measures the size of each settlement by comparing
employer costs for compensation under the settlement with what they were
under the expiring agreement just before it was renegotiated as follows:
When each agreement expired, an employee who worked 2,000 hours over the
year would cost the employer $20,000 (2,000 hours at $10). Under the
settlement replacing agreement A (with the immediate increase), the
employer would pay for 2,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $21,000 for the
year, a 5-percent increase over the $20,000. Under the settlement
replacing agreement B (with the delayed increase), the employer would pay
- 6 -
for 1,000 hours at $10 an hour and for 1,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or
$20,500 for the year, a 2.5-percent increase over the $20,000. Thus, the
cost series reflects the influence of the timing of changes during the
agreement term which the rate series does not.
For a more detailed description of the compensation cost series and
how it compares with the compensation rate series, see Alvin Bauman, "A New
Measure of Compensation Cost Adjustments," Monthly Labor Review, August
1990, pp. 11-18.
Data on changes under settlements exclude potential increases or
decreases that may result from COLA clauses that are based on future
changes in the CPI unknown at the time of settlement. The data do,
however, include "guaranteed" COLA payments (those specified when the
agreement was reached) because they are not tied to subsequent price
movements. Similarly, data on cost changes exclude contingent lump-sum
payments (such as those tied to future profit levels or productivity
increases) but include lump-sum payments guaranteed by the settlement.
Estimates of changes are based on the assumption that conditions
existing at the time of settlement (e.g., composition of the labor force or
methods of funding pensions) will remain constant over the life of the
agreement.
Wage rate changes under all contracts
The series on all major collective bargaining contracts estimates
average wage rate changes during the reference period under settlements
reached during the calendar year as well as under major agreements reached
earlier and remaining in force during the period.
The average change under all contracts in force during a period is
computed by multiplying the percent change under each contract by the
number of workers covered, adding the products, and dividing the sum by the
total number of workers under all contracts.
The average rate change reflects net rate increases, decreases, and
zero changes during the reference period. Rate increases and decreases
stem from settlements in the calendar year that call for increases or
decreases during the period, from agreements reached earlier with increases
or decreases deferred to the period, and from COLA clauses. (Although wage
increases and decreases from COLA clauses are not incorporated into base
wage rates under all agreements, they are included in the wage rate change
measure for all contracts.) Wage changes under COLA clauses are based on
changes in the Consumer Price Index for a review period designated in the
agreement.
Data for 1995 are preliminary and may be revised if additional
information is obtained. Final data will be available in the Spring of
1996. Data on major public sector collective bargaining settlements are
developed separately and issued semi-annually. Data for the first half of
1995 were released August 23, 1995. Historical information is available
from the Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Washington, DC 20212-0001.
- 7 -
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, TDD phone:
202-606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326-2577.
Major private industry collective bargaining settlements data for
the fourth quarter of 1995 and for the full year 1995 are scheduled to be
released on January 30, 1996, at 10:00 AM (EST). After the release of
final data for 1995, because of anticipated budget reductions, the Bureau
of Labor Statistics plans to terminate publication of statistics on major
collective bargaining settlements.
Table 1. Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation under current and replaced private
industry collective bargaining settlements, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods
(in percent)
________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | |
| 1993 | 1994 | 1995
|_________________|_______________________|_________________
Measure | | | | | | | | | |
| II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I(2)|II(2)|III(-
| | | | | | | | | | 3)
____________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____
|
| Quarterly averages
|
| | | | | | | | | |
Wage-rate changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | |
covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | |
First-year change(4) | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements.............| 2.5| 1.1| 2.8| 3.0| 2.0| 1.0| 2.2| 1.9| 2.2| 3.2
Replaced settlements............| 4.0| 3.6| 3.4| 5.4| 2.8| 2.5| 3.3| 3.5| 3.0| 3.8
Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | |
term(5) | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements.............| 2.5| 1.7| 2.0| 2.4| 2.4| 1.9| 2.5| 2.1| 2.3| 3.2
Replaced settlements............| 3.5| 3.0| 2.2| 3.7| 3.0| 2.8| 2.9| 2.9| 2.9| 3.3
Compensation-rate changes in | | | | | | | | | |
settlements | | | | | | | | | |
covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | |
First-year change(4) | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements.............| 3.2| 1.0| 3.8| 3.0| 3.4| (6) | 1.5| 1.4| 1.8| 4.8
Replaced settlements............| 5.0| 4.2| 3.8| 5.9| 3.8| 3.4| 4.9| 3.8| 4.0| 4.5
Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | |
term(5) | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements.............| 2.6| 1.4| 2.5| 2.6| 2.9| 1.4| 2.1| 1.7| 1.8| 3.7
Replaced settlements............| 3.9| 2.8| 2.5| 4.1| 3.6| 3.0| 4.0| 2.9| 3.1| 3.4
Compensation-cost changes in | | | | | | | | | |
settlements | | | | | | | | | |
covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | |
Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | |
term(5) | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements.............| 1.8| 0.9| 1.8| 2.0| 1.9| 0.8| 1.2| 1.1| 1.1| 2.8
Replaced settlements............| 2.9| 2.4| 2.0| 3.6| 2.2| 1.9| 2.6| 1.9| 2.1| 2.8
|___________________________________________________________
|
| Four quarters ended
|_
| | | | | | | | | |
Wage-rate changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | |
covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | |
First-year change(4) | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements.............| 2.5| 2.0| 2.3| 2.4| 2.2| 2.3| 2.0| 1.8| 1.8| 2.4
Replaced settlements............| 3.9| 4.1| 3.7| 3.8| 3.5| 3.2| 3.2| 2.9| 3.0| 3.4
Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | |
term(5) | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements.............| 2.7| 2.3| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.2| 2.6
Replaced settlements............| 3.4| 3.5| 2.9| 2.9| 2.8| 2.7| 3.0| 2.9| 2.9| 3.1
Compensation-rate changes in | | | | | | | | | |
settlements | | | | | | | | | |
covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | |
First-year change(4) | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements.............| 2.9| 2.1| 3.0| 3.0| 3.1| 3.1| 2.3| 2.1| 1.2| 2.9
Replaced settlements............| 4.6| 4.8| 4.2| 4.3| 4.1| 3.9| 4.2| 3.9| 3.9| 4.3
Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | |
term(5) | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements.............| 2.9| 2.4| 2.4| 2.3| 2.4| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3| 1.7| 2.6
Replaced settlements............| 3.5| 3.6| 2.9| 2.9| 2.9| 3.0| 3.5| 3.4| 3.2| 3.3
Compensation-cost changes in | | | | | | | | | |
settlements | | | | | | | | | |
covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | |
Annual change over the contract | | | | | | | | | |
term(5) | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements.............| 1.9| 1.4| 1.6| 1.6| 1.6| 1.7| 1.6| 1.4| 1.1| 1.8
Replaced settlements............| 3.0| 3.2| 2.3| 2.4| 2.3| 2.2| 2.4| 2.1| 2.1| 2.4
____________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. All rate measures exclude any cash or
benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Preliminary revised.
3 Preliminary.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the
contract effective date.
5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
6 Less than 0 and greater than -0.05 percent.
Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
collective bargaining settlements, third quarter of 1995 (preliminary)
(in percent)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | | |
| | Annual | Number of |
Measure | First-year | change over| workers | Number of
| change(2) |the contract| (000's) | settlements
| | term(3) | |
_______________________________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________
| | | |
Wage changes in settlements | | | |
covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | |
All industries...........................| 3.2 | 3.2 | 407 | 63
With lump-sum provisions...............| 3.3 | 3.2 | 315 | 26
Without lump-sum provisions............| 2.8 | 3.2 | 92 | 37
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.3 | 3.2 | 315 | 26
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.8 | 3.2 | 92 | 37
Manufacturing............................| 2.7 | 2.6 | 73 | 19
Nonmanufacturing.........................| 3.3 | 3.3 | 334 | 44
Construction.............................| 2.8 | 3.1 | 36 | 18
All industries excluding construction....| 3.2 | 3.2 | 371 | 45
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..| 3.4 | 3.4 | 298 | 26
Goods-producing..........................| 2.7 | 2.7 | 109 | 37
Service-producing........................| 3.4 | 3.4 | 298 | 26
| | | |
Compensation changes in settlements | | | |
covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | |
All industries...........................| 4.8 | 3.7 | 308 | 12
_______________________________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or
not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum
payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 3. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
collective bargaining settlements, four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1995
(preliminary)
(in percent)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | | |
| | Annual | Number of |
Measure | First-year | change over| workers | Number of
| change(2) |the contract| (000's) | settlements
| | term(3) | |
_______________________________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________
| | | |
Wage changes in settlements | | | |
covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | |
All industries...........................| 2.4 | 2.6 | 1,373 | 350
With COLA clauses......................| 1.4 | 1.3 | 84 | 31
Without COLA clauses...................| 2.5 | 2.7 | 1,288 | 319
With lump-sum provisions...............| 2.6 | 2.6 | 516 | 93
Without lump-sum provisions............| 2.3 | 2.6 | 857 | 257
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.6 | 2.5 | 537 | 103
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.4 | 2.6 | 836 | 247
Manufacturing............................| 2.1 | 2.1 | 286 | 99
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.0 | 1.8 | 176 | 56
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.4 | 2.5 | 110 | 43
Nonmanufacturing.........................| 2.5 | 2.7 | 1,087 | 251
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.8 | 2.9 | 361 | 47
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.4 | 2.6 | 726 | 204
Construction.............................| 2.5 | 2.8 | 313 | 115
All industries excluding construction....| 2.4 | 2.5 | 1,060 | 235
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..| 2.5 | 2.7 | 774 | 136
Goods-producing..........................| 2.3 | 2.5 | 599 | 214
Service-producing........................| 2.5 | 2.7 | 774 | 136
| | | |
Compensation changes in settlements | | | |
covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | |
All industries...........................| 2.9 | 2.6 | 793 | 52
With COLA clauses......................| 1.2 | 1.2 | 38 | 5
Without COLA clauses...................| 3.0 | 2.7 | 755 | 47
With lump-sum provisions...............| 4.0 | 3.1 | 363 | 19
Without lump-sum provisions............| 1.9 | 2.1 | 430 | 33
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 4.0 | 3.1 | 369 | 20
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 1.9 | 2.1 | 424 | 32
Manufacturing............................| 3.2 | 2.1 | 130 | 10
Nonmanufacturing.........................| 2.8 | 2.7 | 662 | 42
Construction.............................| 2.0 | 2.3 | 123 | 10
All industries excluding construction....| 3.0 | 2.6 | 670 | 42
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..| 3.0 | 2.8 | 539 | 32
Goods-producing..........................| 2.6 | 2.2 | 253 | 20
Service-producing........................| 3.0 | 2.8 | 539 | 32
_______________________________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or
not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum
payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining
settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change(1) in wages, four quarters ended with the third
quarter of 1995 (preliminary)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | |
| All | Manu- | Nonmanu-
| industries | facturing | facturing
Measure |______________|______________|______________
|
| First-year change(2)
_______________________________________________________|____________________________________________
| | |
Number of workers (in thousands).......................| 1,373 | 286 | 1,087
| | |
| | |
Percent of workers | | |
All settlements......................................| 100 | 100 | 100
| | |
No wage change....................................| 19 | 27 | 17
Decreases(3)......................................| 1 | 1 | (4)
Increases.........................................| 80 | 72 | 82
Under 1 percent................................| 1 | 2 | 1
1 and under 2 percent..........................| 6 | 3 | 7
2 and under 3 percent..........................| 25 | 28 | 24
3 and under 4 percent..........................| 38 | 25 | 41
4 and under 5 percent..........................| 8 | 11 | 8
5 percent and over ............................| 2 | 4 | 1
| | |
| | |
Changes (in percent): | | |
Mean change..........................................| 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.5
Median change........................................| 2.9 | 2.3 | 3.0
| | |
Mean increase........................................| 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.1
Median increase......................................| 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.2
|____________________________________________
|
| Annual change over the contract term(5)
|____________________________________________
| | |
Number of workers (in thousands).......................| 1,373 | 286 | 1,087
| | |
| | |
Percent of workers | | |
All settlements......................................| 100 | 100 | 100
| | |
No wage change....................................| 11 | 16 | 9
Decreases(3)......................................| 1 | 1 | (4)
Increases.........................................| 89 | 83 | 90
Under 2 percent................................| 16 | 21 | 15
2 and under 4 percent..........................| 62 | 55 | 64
4 percent and over.............................| 10 | 7 | 11
| | |
| | |
Changes (in percent): | | |
Mean change..........................................| 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.7
Median change........................................| 2.8 | 2.2 | 3.0
| | |
Mean increase........................................| 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.0
Median increase......................................| 3.1 | 2.3 | 3.2
_______________________________________________________|______________|______________|______________
1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median
increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude lump-sum payments and
potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
4 Less than 0.5 percent.
5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under
private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000
workers or more by change(1) in compensation, four quarters ended
with the third quarter of 1995 (preliminary)
__________________________________________________________________
|
Measure |First-year change(2)
_____________________________________________|____________________
|
|
Total number of workers (in thousands).......| 793
|
Percent of workers |
|
All settlements............................| 100
|
No change...............................| 13
Decreases(3)............................| 8
Increases...............................| 80
Under 2 percent......................| 9
2 and under 3 percent................| 25
3 percent and over...................| 46
|
Changes (in percent): |
Mean change................................| 2.9
Median change..............................| 2.7
|
Mean increase..............................| 3.7
Median increase............................| 3.1
|____________________
|
| Annual change over
|the contract term(4)
|____________________
|
|
Total number of workers (in thousands).......| 793
|
Percent of workers |
|
All settlements............................| 100
|
No change...............................| 8
Decreases(3)............................| 3
Increases...............................| 89
Under 2 percent......................| 16
2 and under 3 percent................| 31
3 and under 4 percent................| 20
4 percent and over...................| 23
|
Changes (in percent): |
Mean change................................| 2.6
Median change..............................| 2.6
|
Mean increase..............................| 2.9
Median increase............................| 2.8
_____________________________________________|____________________
1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and
zero change. Mean and median increases refer to only those
settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit
lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective
within 12 months of the contract effective date.
3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as
an average annual rate over the life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items
may not equal totals.
Table 6. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining
settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change(1) in compensation and wages, four quarters
ended with the third quarter of 1995 (preliminary)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
| First-year change(2)
Measure |_______________________________________
| |
| Compensation | Wages alone
____________________________________________________________|___________________|___________________
| |
| |
Total number of workers (in thousands)......................| 313 | 313
| |
Percent of workers | |
| |
All settlements...........................................| 100 | 100
| |
No change..............................................| 15 | 17
Decreases(3)...........................................| 1 | (4)
Increases..............................................| 84 | 83
Under 2 percent.....................................| 10 | 16
2 and under 3 percent...............................| 27 | 30
3 and under 4 percent...............................| 37 | 21
4 and under 5 percent...............................| 5 | 12
5 percent and over..................................| 5 | 4
| |
Changes (in percent): | |
Mean change...............................................| 2.6 | 2.5
Median change.............................................| 2.7 | 2.6
| |
Mean increase.............................................| 3.2 | 3.0
Median increase...........................................| 3.1 | 2.9
|_______________________________________
|
|Annual change over the contract term(5)
|_______________________________________
| |
| Compensation | Wages alone
|___________________|___________________
| |
| |
Total number of workers (in thousands)......................| 313 | 313
| |
Percent of workers | |
| |
All settlements...........................................| 100 | 100
| |
No change..............................................| 5 | 15
Decreases(3)...........................................| 1 | (4)
Increases..............................................| 94 | 84
Under 3 percent.....................................| 47 | 31
3 and under 4 percent...............................| 34 | 29
4 and under 5 percent...............................| 10 | 21
5 percent and over..................................| 3 | 4
| |
Changes (in percent): | |
Mean change...............................................| 2.7 | 2.8
Median change.............................................| 2.8 | 3.1
| |
Mean increase.............................................| 3.0 | 3.3
Median increase...........................................| 3.0 | 3.3
____________________________________________________________|___________________|___________________
1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median
increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit
lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
4 Greater than 0 and less than 0.5 percent.
5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 7. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of
contract, four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1995 (preliminary)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
| Contract duration
|____________________________________________________________________________
| | | | | | |
Measure | | | More than| | More than| |
| All | 12 months| 12 and | 24 months| 24 and | 36 months| More than
| contracts| or less | less than| | less than| | 36 months
| | | 24 months| | 36 months| |
________________________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
| | | | | | |
Number of settlements...................| 350 | 30 | 14 | 24 | 34 | 120 | 128
| | | | | | |
Number of workers (in thousands)........| 1,373 | 69 | 20 | 60 | 97 | 457 | 671
| | | | | | |
Average contract duration (months)......| 37.9 | 11.0 | 16.3 | 24.0 | 33.1 | 36.0 | 44.5
| | | | | | |
Percent change in wages:(1) | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Annualized over the contract term.....| 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.7
| | | | | | |
Occurring in: | | | | | | |
First contract year(2)..............| 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.7
Second contract year(3).............| 2.7 | NA | .5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.8
Third contract year(4)..............| 2.5 | NA | NA | NA | 1.4 | 2.5 | 2.7
Fourth contract year(5).............| 1.0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.0
________________________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA
clauses.
2 Data are not annualized.
3 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 12 months. Data are not annualized.
4 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 24 months. Data are not annualized.
5 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 36 months. Data are not annualized.
NOTE: "NA" indicates not applicable. Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal
totals.
Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering
1,000 workers or more, by region,(2) during 4-quarter periods
(in percent)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
| Four quarters ended
|_______________________________________________________________________
| | |
Measure | 1993 | 1994 | 1995
|________|___________________________________|__________________________
| | | | | | | |
| IV | I | II | III | IV | I(3) | II(3) | III(4)
__________________________________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________
| | | | | | | |
First-year wage change(5) | | | | | | | |
Interregional.................................| 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 2.9
New England...................................| 1.9 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.9
Middle Atlantic...............................| 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 1.7
East North Central............................| 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.9
West North Central............................| 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.2
South Atlantic................................| 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3
East South Central............................| 3.6 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.6
West South Central............................| -.5 | .5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 3.0
Mountain......................................| 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.8
Pacific.......................................| 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5
Annual wage change over the contract term(6) | | | | | | | |
Interregional.................................| 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.9
New England...................................| 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.9
Middle Atlantic...............................| 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.5
East North Central............................| 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.0
West North Central............................| 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.2
South Atlantic................................| 2.6 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7
East South Central............................| 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.4
West South Central............................| .5 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.2
Mountain......................................| 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.7
Pacific.......................................| 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.5
__________________________________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________|________
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and
potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Regions and the States they comprise (including the District of Columbia) are the following: New
England--Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont; Middle Atlantic--New Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania; East North Central--Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin; West North Central--Iowa, Kansas,
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota; South Atlantic--Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia; East South Central--Kentucky, Tennessee,
Alabama, Mississippi; West South Central--Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas; Mountain--Arizona, Colorado, Idaho,
Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming; Pacific--Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington.
3 Preliminary revised.
4 Preliminary.
5 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date.
6 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract.
Table 9. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
collective bargaining settlements, by year and quarter
(in percent)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Annual | Quarterly averages
| averages |
|___________|_______________________________________________
| | | | |
Measure | | | 1993| 1994 | 1995
| | |_____|_______________________|_________________
| 1993| 1994| | | | | | | |
| | | IV | I | II | III | IV | I(2)|II(2)|III(-
| | | | | | | | | | 3)
__________________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____
| | | | | | | | | |
Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000| | | | | | | | | |
workers or more: | | | | | | | | | |
First year(4) | | | | | | | | | |
All industries........................| 2.3| 2.0| 2.8| 3.0| 2.0| 1.0| 2.2| 1.9| 2.2| 3.2
With COLA clauses....................| 2.8| 2.7| (5) | (5) | 3.2| (5) | 1.8| .4| 2.1| (5)
Without COLA clauses.................| 2.1| 1.8| (5) | (5) | 1.6| (5) | 2.3| 2.2| 2.2| (5)
With lump sums.......................| 2.6| 2.2| (5) | 2.5| 2.8| 1.0| 2.5| .8| 1.8| 3.3
Without lump sums....................| 2.0| 1.9| (5) | 3.2| 1.9| .9| 2.2| 2.7| 2.2| 2.8
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.6| 2.5| 2.9| 2.5| 3.0| 1.8| 2.1| .7| 1.8| 3.3
With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 2.0| 1.6| 2.7| 3.2| 1.4| .4| 2.2| 2.8| 2.2| 2.8
Manufacturing.........................| 2.7| 2.4| (5) | 1.5| 3.0| 1.9| 2.7| 1.0| 2.3| 2.7
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.7| 2.4| (5) | 1.0| 3.0| 2.0| 2.8| .7| (5) | (5)
With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 2.9| 2.2| (5) | 2.2| 2.8| 1.8| 2.6| 2.5| (5) | (5)
Nonmanufacturing......................| 2.1| 1.8| (5) | 3.5| 1.7| .1| 2.1| 2.4| 2.2| 3.3
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.4| 2.6| (5) | 3.6| 3.0| 1.4| 1.8| .7| (5) | (5)
With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 1.8| 1.6| (5) | 3.4| 1.3| -.3| 2.2| 2.8| (5) | (5)
Construction..........................| 2.1| 1.8| (5) | (5) | 1.0| 2.2| (5) | (5) | 2.4| 2.8
All industries excluding construction.| 2.4| 2.0| (5) | (5) | 2.6| .6| (5) | (5) | 1.9| 3.2
Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | |
construction.......................| 2.0| 1.8| (5) | (5) | 2.3| -1.5| (5) | (5) | 1.7| 3.4
Goods-producing.......................| 2.6| 2.1| (5) | 3.1| 1.9| 2.0| 2.7| 1.3| 2.4| 2.7
Service-producing.....................| 2.0| 1.8| (5) | 2.9| 2.3| -1.6| 2.1| 2.4| 1.7| 3.4
Annual average over the contract term(6) | | | | | | | | | |
All industries.........................| 2.1| 2.3| 2.0| 2.4| 2.4| 1.9| 2.5| 2.1| 2.3| 3.2
With COLA clauses.....................| 1.4| 2.5| (5) | (5) | 2.7| (5) | 2.3| .7| 1.2| (5)
Without COLA clauses..................| 2.5| 2.3| (5) | (5) | 2.3| (5) | 2.6| 2.3| 2.3| (5)
With lump sums........................| 1.9| 2.0| (5) | 1.7| 2.4| 1.7| 2.2| 1.1| 1.6| 3.2
Without lump sums.....................| 2.5| 2.4| (5) | 2.8| 2.4| 1.9| 2.6| 2.8| 2.4| 3.2
With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 1.9| 2.3| 1.9| 1.7| 2.6| 2.1| 2.2| 1.1| 1.7| 3.2
With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.5| 2.3| 2.2| 2.8| 2.3| 1.7| 2.6| 2.8| 2.4| 3.2
Manufacturing..........................| 1.5| 2.3| (5) | 1.8| 2.5| 2.0| 2.5| 1.2| 2.2| 2.6
With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 1.3| 2.3| (5) | 1.3| 2.6| 2.1| 2.7| .9| (5) | (5)
With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.5| 2.2| (5) | 2.5| 2.5| 2.0| 2.4| 3.1| (5) | (5)
Nonmanufacturing.......................| 2.5| 2.3| (5) | 2.7| 2.4| 1.7| 2.5| 2.6| 2.3| 3.3
With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 2.6| 2.4| (5) | 2.0| 2.7| 2.1| 2.0| 1.8| (5) | (5)
With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.5| 2.3| (5) | 2.9| 2.3| 1.6| 2.7| 2.8| (5) | (5)
Construction...........................| 2.6| 2.5| (5) | (5) | 2.3| 2.5| (5) | (5) | 2.7| 3.1
All industries excluding construction..| 2.1| 2.3| (5) | (5) | 2.5| 1.7| (5) | (5) | 1.8| 3.2
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction| 2.5| 2.2| (5) | (5) | 2.5| 1.1| (5) | (5) | 1.5| 3.4
Goods-producing........................| 1.9| 2.4| (5) | 2.8| 2.4| 2.2| 2.6| 1.6| 2.6| 2.7
Service-producing......................| 2.6| 2.2| (5) | 2.2| 2.5| 1.1| 2.5| 2.5| 1.5| 3.4
__________________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 9. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
collective bargaining settlements, by year and quarter - Continued
(in percent)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Annual | Quarterly averages
| averages |
|___________|_______________________________________________
| | | | |
Measure | | | 1993| 1994 | 1995
| | |_____|_______________________|_________________
| 1993| 1994| | | | | | | |
| | | IV | I | II | III | IV | I(2)|II(2)|III(-
| | | | | | | | | | 3)
__________________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Compensation changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | |
covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | |
All industries | | | | | | | | | |
First year(4).........................| 3.0| 2.3| 3.8| 3.0| 3.4| (7) | 1.5| 1.4| 1.8| 4.8
With COLA clauses....................| 3.2| 5.0| (5) | 1 | 5.8| (5) | (5) | (5) | (5) | 1
Without COLA clauses.................| 2.9| 1.5| (5) | 3.0| 2.1| (5) | (5) | (5) | (5) | 4.8
Annual average over the contract | | | | | | | | | |
term(6)................................| 2.4| 2.4| 2.5| 2.6| 2.9| 1.4| 2.1| 1.7| 1.8| 3.7
With COLA clauses................| 1.7| 3.4| (5) | 1 | 3.8| (5) | (5) | (5) | (5) | 1
Without COLA clauses.............| 2.8| 2.1| (5) | 2.6| 2.4| (5) | (5) | (5) | (5) | 3.7
__________________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or
not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum
payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Preliminary revised.
3 Preliminary.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
5 Data do not meet publication standards.
6 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life
of the contract.
7 Less than 0 and greater than -0.05 percent.
'-' Dashes indicate that there were no settlements.
Table 10. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
collective bargaining settlements during 4-quarter periods
(in percent)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
| Four quarters ended
|___________________________________________________________
| | |
Measure | 1993 | 1994 | 1995
|_________________|_______________________|_________________
| | | | | | | | | |
| II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I(2)|II(2)|III(-
| | | | | | | | | | 3)
__________________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____
| | | | | | | | | |
Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000| | | | | | | | | |
workers or more: | | | | | | | | | |
First year(4) | | | | | | | | | |
All industries........................| 2.5| 2.0| 2.3| 2.4| 2.2| 2.3| 2.0| 1.8| 1.8| 2.4
With COLA clauses....................| 2.7| 2.5| 2.8| 2.7| 3.0| 2.9| 2.7| 2.5| 1.7| 1.4
Without COLA clauses.................| 2.5| 1.8| 2.1| 2.3| 1.9| 2.0| 1.8| 1.6| 1.8| 2.5
With lump sums.......................| 2.6| 2.3| 2.6| 2.6| 2.8| 2.6| 2.2| 1.8| 1.4| 2.6
Without lump sums....................| 2.5| 1.8| 2.0| 2.1| 1.7| 1.9| 1.9| 1.8| 1.9| 2.3
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.6| 2.3| 2.6| 2.6| 2.8| 2.7| 2.5| 2.2| 1.6| 2.6
With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 2.5| 1.7| 2.0| 2.1| 1.5| 1.6| 1.6| 1.5| 1.9| 2.4
Manufacturing.........................| 2.8| 2.5| 2.7| 2.5| 2.7| 2.6| 2.4| 2.2| 1.9| 2.1
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.3| 2.3| 2.7| 2.4| 2.7| 2.7| 2.4| 2.2| 1.7| 2.0
With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 3.3| 3.1| 2.9| 2.6| 2.6| 2.2| 2.2| 2.2| 2.2| 2.4
Nonmanufacturing......................| 2.5| 1.7| 2.1| 2.3| 2.0| 2.0| 1.8| 1.6| 1.7| 2.5
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.| 2.7| 2.3| 2.4| 2.8| 2.9| 2.8| 2.6| 2.3| 1.5| 2.8
With neither lump sums nor COLA......| 2.4| 1.5| 1.8| 2.0| 1.3| 1.4| 1.6| 1.4| 1.8| 2.4
Construction..........................| 1.8| 2.0| 2.1| 2.4| 1.7| 1.8| 1.8| 1.5| 2.4| 2.5
All industries excluding construction.| 2.7| 1.9| 2.4| 2.4| 2.4| 2.3| 2.0| 1.9| 1.6| 2.4
Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | |
construction.......................| 2.7| 1.5| 2.0| 2.3| 2.1| 2.1| 1.8| 1.6| 1.3| 2.5
Goods-producing.......................| 2.3| 2.3| 2.6| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 2.1| 1.9| 2.2| 2.3
Service-producing.....................| 2.7| 1.5| 2.0| 2.2| 2.0| 2.0| 1.8| 1.6| 1.3| 2.5
Annual average over the contract term(5) | | | | | | | | | |
All industries.........................| 2.7| 2.3| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.2| 2.6
With COLA clauses.....................| 2.5| 2.1| 1.4| 1.0| 1.5| 1.7| 2.5| 2.4| 1.8| 1.3
Without COLA clauses..................| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.2| 2.2| 2.7
With lump sums........................| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.9| 2.0| 2.0| 1.9| 1.6| 2.6
Without lump sums.....................| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5| 2.3| 2.3| 2.4| 2.4| 2.3| 2.6
With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 2.0| 2.1| 2.3| 2.2| 1.8| 2.5
With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.8| 2.5| 2.5| 2.5| 2.2| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.3| 2.6
Manufacturing..........................| 2.6| 2.1| 1.5| 1.3| 1.5| 1.7| 2.3| 2.1| 2.0| 2.1
With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 2.2| 1.8| 1.3| 1.0| 1.4| 1.5| 2.3| 2.1| 1.7| 1.8
With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 3.0| 2.9| 2.5| 2.3| 2.3| 2.0| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.5
Nonmanufacturing.......................| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5| 2.6| 2.4| 2.5| 2.3| 2.3| 2.3| 2.7
With either lump sums, COLA, or both..| 2.9| 2.5| 2.6| 2.7| 2.7| 2.7| 2.4| 2.4| 1.9| 2.9
With neither lump sums nor COLA.......| 2.7| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.3| 2.3| 2.6
Construction...........................| 2.4| 2.4| 2.6| 2.7| 2.5| 2.6| 2.5| 2.4| 2.7| 2.8
All industries excluding construction..| 2.9| 2.3| 2.1| 2.0| 2.0| 2.1| 2.3| 2.2| 2.0| 2.5
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction| 3.0| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 2.2| 2.3| 2.0| 2.7
Goods-producing........................| 2.5| 2.3| 1.9| 1.8| 1.8| 1.9| 2.4| 2.2| 2.3| 2.5
Service-producing......................| 3.0| 2.4| 2.6| 2.6| 2.5| 2.5| 2.2| 2.3| 2.0| 2.7
| | | | | | | | | |
Compensation changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | |
covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | |
All industries | | | | | | | | | |
First year(4).........................| 2.9| 2.1| 3.0| 3.0| 3.1| 3.1| 2.3| 2.1| 1.2| 2.9
With COLA clauses....................| 4.2| 3.0| 3.2| 2.9| (6) | 4.0| 5.0| 4.6| 2.6| 1.2
Without COLA clauses.................| 2.4| 1.5| 2.9| 3.1| (6) | 2.6| 1.5| 1.1| 0.9| 3.0
Annual average over the contract | | | | | | | | | |
term(5)................................| 2.9| 2.4| 2.4| 2.3| 2.4| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3| 1.7| 2.6
With COLA clauses.................| 3.3| 2.5| 1.7| 1.2| (6) | 2.1| 3.4| 3.1| 2.0| 1.2
Without COLA clauses..............| 2.8| 2.3| 2.8| 2.8| (6) | 2.6| 2.1| 2.0| 1.7| 2.7
__________________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or not
settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments
and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Preliminary revised.
3 Preliminary.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
contract term.
6 Data do not meet publication standards.
Table 11. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components
annualized over the life of the contract(2) in private industry collective bargaining settlements
covering 5,000 workers or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods
(in percent)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | |
| 1993 | 1994 | 1995
|_________________|_______________________|_________________
| | | | | | | | | |
Item | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I(3)|II(3)|III(-
| | | | | | | | | | 4)
|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____
|
| Quarterly averages
________________________________________|___________________________________________________________
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
All industries | | | | | | | | | |
Compensation ..................| 1.8| 0.9| 1.8| 2.0| 1.9| 0.8| 1.2| 1.1| 1.1| 2.8
Cash payments (5)..............| 1.7| .8| 1.4| 1.9| 1.4| .9| 1.5| 1.2| 1.1| 2.5
Wages..........................| 1.7| .7| 1.4| 1.7| 1.4| .9| 1.5| 1.0| 1.1| 2.2
Benefits.......................| 1.8| 1.1| 2.4| 2.1| 2.7| .5| .6| .9| 1.1| 3.3
|___________________________________________________________
|
| Four quarters ended
|___________________________________________________________
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
All industries | | | | | | | | | |
Compensation...................| 1.9| 1.4| 1.6| 1.6| 1.6| 1.7| 1.6| 1.4| 1.1| 1.8
Cash payments(5)...............| 1.7| 1.2| 1.3| 1.3| 1.3| 1.4| 1.4| 1.3| 1.2| 1.7
Wages..........................| 1.8| 1.3| 1.3| 1.3| 1.3| 1.4| 1.3| 1.3| 1.1| 1.6
Benefits.......................| 2.3| 1.7| 2.1| 2.0| 2.2| 2.2| 1.8| 1.6| .8| 1.8
With contingent pay provisions(6) | | | | | | | | | |
Compensation...................| 2.0| 1.4| 1.5| 1.4| 1.7| 1.9| 2.2| 2.1| 1.4| 2.5
Cash payments(5)...............| 1.7| 1.2| 1.2| 1.2| 1.3| 1.4| 1.8| 1.7| 1.5| 2.1
Wages..........................| 1.9| 1.4| 1.4| 1.3| 1.4| 1.6| 1.7| 1.6| 1.3| 1.9
Benefits.......................| 2.5| 1.8| 2.0| 1.8| 2.3| 2.5| 3.0| 2.8| 1.1| 3.3
Without contingent pay | | | | | | | | | |
provisions(6) | | | | | | | | | |
Compensation...................| 1.9| 1.4| 1.7| 1.8| 1.6| 1.5| 1.3| 1.1| 1.0| 1.5
Cash payments(5)...............| 1.7| 1.3| 1.4| 1.6| 1.3| 1.3| 1.3| 1.1| 1.1| 1.6
Wages..........................| 1.7| 1.2| 1.3| 1.4| 1.1| 1.1| 1.2| 1.1| 1.1| 1.5
Benefits.......................| 2.3| 1.6| 2.1| 2.2| 2.1| 1.8| 1.3| 1.1| .8| 1.3
Manufacturing | | | | | | | | | |
Compensation...................| 1.8| 1.1| 1.2| 1.1| 1.3| 1.5| 1.9| 1.7| 1.2| 1.7
Cash payments(5)...............| 1.3| 1.0| .8| .7| .9| 1.0| 1.7| 1.6| 1.3| 1.4
Wages..........................| 1.7| 1.2| 1.1| .9| 1.1| 1.2| 1.6| 1.4| 1.2| 1.2
Benefits.......................| 2.7| 1.4| 1.6| 1.5| 1.9| 2.1| 2.3| 2.0| 1.0| 2.0
Nonmanufacturing | | | | | | | | | |
Compensation...................| 2.0| 1.5| 1.9| 2.0| 1.8| 1.8| 1.4| 1.3| 1.0| 1.8
Cash payments(5)...............| 1.8| 1.3| 1.6| 1.8| 1.5| 1.6| 1.3| 1.2| 1.1| 1.8
Wages..........................| 1.8| 1.3| 1.5| 1.6| 1.4| 1.5| 1.3| 1.2| 1.1| 1.7
Benefits.......................| 2.2| 1.8| 2.4| 2.3| 2.4| 2.2| 1.6| 1.5| .8| 1.8
Goods-producing | | | | | | | | | |
Compensation...................| 1.9| 1.6| 1.4| 1.4| 1.4| 1.4| 1.6| 1.4| 1.3| 1.6
Cash payments(5)...............| 1.6| 1.4| 1.1| 1.2| 1.1| 1.2| 1.5| 1.3| 1.4| 1.4
Wages..........................| 1.8| 1.5| 1.2| 1.2| 1.1| 1.2| 1.4| 1.2| 1.3| 1.3
Benefits.......................| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.8| 1.8| 1.6| 1.5| 1.2| 1.8
Service-producing | | | | | | | | | |
Compensation...................| 2.0| 1.2| 1.8| 1.8| 2.0| 2.0| 1.5| 1.5| .8| 1.9
Cash payments(5)...............| 1.8| 1.1| 1.5| 1.6| 1.6| 1.6| 1.3| 1.3| 1.0| 1.9
Wages..........................| 1.8| 1.0| 1.5| 1.5| 1.5| 1.6| 1.3| 1.3| 1.0| 1.7
Benefits.......................| 2.2| 1.3| 2.3| 2.2| 2.7| 2.6| 1.9| 1.7| .4| 1.9
________________________________________|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____|_____
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and no change. Excludes potential changes from contingent
pay provisions.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
3 Preliminary revised.
4 Preliminary.
5 Cash payments include wages and lump-sum payments.
6 Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump-sum payment clauses. Data
exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions.
Table 12. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components
annualized over the life of the contract(2) in private industry collective bargaining settlements
covering 5,000 workers or more, four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1995 (preliminary)
(in percent)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | | | |
| Compen-| Cash | | | Number of
Measure | sation | payments-| Wages | Benefits | workers
| | (3) | | | (000's)
_____________________________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
All industries..........................| 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 793
| | | | |
With contingent pay provisions(4)....| 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 232
Without contingent pay provisions(4).| 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 561
| | | | |
Manufacturing...........................| 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 130
| | | | |
Nonmanufacturing........................| 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 662
| | | | |
Goods-producing.........................| 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 253
| | | | |
Service-producing.......................| 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 539
_____________________________________________|__________|__________|__________|__________|__________
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes potential changes from contingent
pay provisions.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
3 Cash payments include wages and lump sum payments.
4 Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump sum payment clauses. Data
exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 13. Cost changes: Percent distribution of workers in
private industry collective bargaining settlements covering
5,000 workers or more, by average (mean) changes(1) in
compensation costs annualized over the life of the contract,(2)
four quarters ended with the third quarter of 1995
(preliminary)
_______________________________________________________________
|
Measure | All
| industries
__________________________________________________|____________
|
|
|
Total number of workers (in thousands)............| 793
|
|
Percent of workers |
|
All settlements.................................| 100
|
No change....................................| 6
Decreases(3).................................| 1
Increases....................................| 94
|
Under 1 percent...........................| 17
1 and under 2 percent.....................| 34
2 and under 3 percent.....................| 22
3 percent and over........................| 20
|
|
Changes (in percent): |
Mean change (percent)...........................| 1.8
Median change...................................| 1.8
|
Mean increase (percent)......................| 1.9
Median increase..............................| 1.8
__________________________________________________|____________
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change.
Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provisions.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed
as an average annual (compound) rate over the life of the
contract.
3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment
items may not equal totals.
Table 14. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000
workers or more, by year and quarter
(in percent)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
|Annual averages| Quarterly averages
|_______________|_______________________________________________________________
| | | | |
Item | | | 1993 | 1994 | 1995
| 1993 | 1994 |_______|_______________________________|_______________________
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | IV | I | II | III | IV | I(1) | II(1) | III(2)
_____________________________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Average wage rate change (3)...............| 3.0 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.8
| | | | | | | | | |
Source: | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements......................| .9 | .6 | .5 | .1 | .2 | .1 | .2 | .1 | .2 | .2
Prior settlements.....................| 1.9 | 1.9 | .2 | .3 | .6 | .7 | .3 | .2 | .5 | .5
COLA provisions.......................| .2 | .2 | (4) | (4) | .1 | .1 | .1 | (4) | .1 | .1
| | | | | | | | | |
Industry | | | | | | | | | |
Manufacturing............................| 3.3 | 2.4 | 1.1 | .4 | .7 | .6 | .7 | .4 | .8 | .6
Nonmanufacturing......................| 2.8 | 2.9 | .6 | .4 | .9 | 1.0 | .6 | .3 | .8 | .9
Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | |
construction..............................| 2.8 | 2.9 | .7 | .4 | .6 | 1.2 | .7 | .3 | .5 | .9
Construction..........................| 2.7 | 2.7 | .1 | .3 | 1.6 | .7 | .2 | .2 | 1.6 | .7
Transportation and public utilities...| 3.0 | 2.8 | .7 | .2 | .7 | 1.9 | .2 | .2 | .4 | 1.3
Wholesale and retail trade............| 2.3 | 2.9 | .6 | .6 | .7 | .5 | 1.1 | .5 | .8 | .5
Services..............................| 3.4 | 3.3 | .6 | .8 | .3 | .6 | 1.6 | .6 | .5 | .7
Goods-producing.......................| 3.1 | 2.5 | .8 | .4 | 1.0 | .6 | .5 | .3 | 1.1 | .7
Service-producing.....................| 2.8 | 2.9 | .7 | .4 | .6 | 1.2 | .6 | .4 | .5 | .9
| | | | | | | | | |
Average wage rate increase(5)..............| 3.5 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.3
| | | | | | | | | |
Source:(6) | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements................| 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.3
Prior settlements.....................| 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.1
COLA provisions.......................| 1.3 | 1.7 | .3 | .3 | .5 | .5 | .7 | .3 | .7 | .5
| | | | | | | | | |
Number of workers receiving wage increases | | | | | | | | | |
(in thousands)(7).........................|4,795.1|4,644.6|1,603.9|1,335.1|2,023.7|2,061.5|1,569.3|1,222.1|1,980.2|1,850.5
| | | | | | | | | |
Source: | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements......................|1,671.7|1,083.3| 883.9| 149.0| 432.9| 317.5| 292.8| 95.6| 314.1| 376.5
Prior settlements.....................|2,999.2|3,037.1| 377.0| 558.2| 941.0|1,133.7| 646.9| 506.6|1,029.8| 854.2
COLA provisions.......................| 872.2| 760.8| 720.5| 689.5| 655.8| 628.9| 695.0| 639.2| 688.6| 641.0
| | | | | | | | | |
Number of workers not receiving a wage | | | | | | | | | |
increase (in thousands)...................| 681.0| 777.3|3,872.2|4,086.8|3,398.2|3,360.4|3,852.6|4,164.5|3,406.4|3,536.1
_____________________________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______
1 Preliminary revised.
2 Preliminary.
3 Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, settlements reached in a prior
period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
4 More than 0 and less than 0.05 percent.
5 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources was a wage rate increase.
6 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source was a wage rate increase.
7 The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers received wage changes
from more than one source.
Table 15. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering
1,000 workers or more during 4-quarter periods
(in percent)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
| Four quarters ended
|_______________________________________________________________________________
| | |
Item | 1993 | 1994 | 1995
|_______________________|_______________________________|_______________________
| | | | | | | | | |
| II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I(1) | II(1) | III(2)
_____________________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Average wage rate change (3).....| 2.9 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Source: | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements..........| .7 | .6 | .9 | .9 | .9 | .8 | .6 | .5 | .5 | .6
Prior settlements............| 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.6
COLA provisions..............| .4 | .3 | .2 | .2 | .2 | .2 | .2 | .3 | .3 | .3
| | | | | | | | | |
Industry | | | | | | | | | |
Manufacturing................| 3.0 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5
Nonmanufacturing.............| 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.5
Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | |
construction................| 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.4
Construction.................| 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7
Transportation and public | | | | | | | | | |
utilities...................| 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.0
Wholesale and retail trade...| 3.0 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8
Services.....................| 3.3 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.3
Goods-producing..............| 2.8 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.6
Service-producing............| 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.4
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Average wage rate increase(4)....| 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.2
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Source:(5) | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements..........| 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1
Prior settlements............| 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.1
COLA provisions..............| 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.0
| | | | | | | | | |
Number of workers receiving wage | | | | | | | | | |
increases (in thousands)(6)......|4,528.5|4,468.8|4,795.1|4,696.5|4,598.6|4,512.5|4,644.6|4,616.7|4,442.2|4,281.6
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Source: | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements..........|1,405.0|1,229.8|1,671.7|1,651.8|1,748.1|1,689.4|1,083.3|1,082.6| 971.1|1,043.9
Prior settlements............|2,785.0|2,965.9|2,999.2|2,989.1|2,888.2|2,965.4|3,037.1|3,018.5|3,110.7|2,831.0
COLA provisions..............|1,064.2| 921.2| 872.2| 839.2| 843.2| 786.2| 760.8| 748.4| 744.7| 752.3
| | | | | | | | | |
Number of workers not receiving a| | | | | | | | | |
wage increase (in thousands).....| 991.0|1,050.7| 681.0| 779.6| 877.5| 963.7| 777.3| 803.8| 978.2|1,138.8
_____________________________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______
1 Preliminary revised.
2 Preliminary.
3 Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, agreements reached in
a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.
4 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources was an increase.
5 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source was an increase.
6 The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers received wage
changes from more than one source.