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Table 1. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages under current and replaced
Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
Table 3. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining
Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under
Table 6. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining
Table 7. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of
Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
Table 9. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
Table 10. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components
Table 11. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components
Table 12. Cost changes: Percent distribution of workers in
Table 13. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000
Table 14. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining
Technical Information: USDL: 94-523
Janice Devine (202) 606-6276 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. EDT
William Davis (202) 606-6277 Tuesday, October 25, 1994
Media Contact: (202) 606-5902
MAJOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING SETTLEMENTS
IN PRIVATE INDUSTRY, THIRD QUARTER 1994
Major collective bargaining settlements reached in private industry
during the third quarter of 1994 called for annual changes in wage rates
over the contract term that were lower, on average, than were specified
in the agreements they replaced, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau
of Labor Statistics reported today. This relationship has now existed
for eight consecutive quarters. The Bureau's series on major collective
bargaining statistics covers bargaining units of 1,000 or more workers.
Wage rate changes under settlements
Settlements in the third quarter of 1994 specified wage rate
changes averaging an increase of 0.9 percent in the first year of the
agreements and 1.9 percent annually over the term of the contracts.
(See tables 1 and 2.) Corresponding changes in agreements they replaced
(which were negotiated in 1991 for the majority of workers) were
increases of 2.6 percent and 2.8 percent. (Lump-sum payments and cost-
of-living adjustments are not included in specified wage rate changes.)
During the quarter, 97 settlements, covering 348,000 workers, were
concluded. Settlements in construction, airlines, and the manufacture
of electrical and food products accounted for nearly two-thirds of the
workers.
Fifteen agreements, covering 57,000 workers, contained newly
negotiated cash lump-sum provisions. Such provisions were maintained in
nine agreements for 26,000 workers and discontinued in two agreements
for 11,000 workers. As of September 30, 1994, lump-sum provisions
covered 42 percent of the 5.4 million workers under all major collective
bargaining contracts in private industry, the level that existed when
lump-sum information was first compiled in 1987. Lump-sum coverage had
been as high as 44 percent in 1989 and dropped to a low of 36 percent at
the end of 1992.
Twelve agreements reached in the third quarter of 1994, covering
82,000 workers, retained their cost-of-living adjustment clauses
(COLAs), while four agreements for 8,000 workers dropped COLA coverage,
and no agreements added it. As of September 30, COLA provisions covered
24 percent of the 5.4 million workers under major collective bargaining
contracts, the same as at the end of 1993, but down from 28 percent at
the end of 1992 and 30 percent at the end of 1991. COLA coverage had
been about 40 percent from 1987 through 1990.
- 2 -
Workers under third-quarter settlements accounted for 17 percent of
the 2 million workers under the 373 settlements reached in the 12 months
ended September 30, 1994. (See table 3.) On average, settlements
during this 4-quarter period specified a lower wage rate change over
their term than the contracts being replaced--an annual increase of 2.2
percent compared with 2.7 percent. (See the chart.) This has been the
pattern in the last eight 4-quarter periods. Over their term,
agreements reached during the year ended September 30 specified wage
rate increases for 93 percent of the workers, no wage change for 5
percent of the workers, and decreases for 2 percent. (See table 4.)
These contracts had the longest average duration--37.9 months--recorded
since the Bureau of Labor Statistics began publishing this measure in
1972. (See table 7.)
Fifty-seven percent of the workers under settlements reached during
the 4-quarter period ended September 30 had either a cash lump-sum
payment provision or a COLA clause or both. Their wage changes over the
contract term averaged an increase of 2.1 percent annually, nearly the
same as the 2.2 percent received by workers in settlements with neither
provision. Lump-sum payments are not part of the ongoing rate structure
and, therefore, are excluded from the rate data. Such payments,
however, are included in measures of compensation cost changes discussed
in the next section. Potential wage changes from COLA clauses depend on
future price changes and, therefore, are excluded from both rate and
cost data. (See the Explanatory Note.)
Lump-sum payment and COLA provisions typically are negotiated more
frequently for manufacturing than for nonmanufacturing workers. During
the year ended September 30, cash lump-sum payment and/or COLA
provisions covered 79 percent of the workers in manufacturing
settlements compared with 44 percent in nonmanufacturing. For all
manufacturing settlements, the wage rate change averaged an annual
increase of 1.7 percent over the contract term. Settlements with cash
lump-sum and/or COLA provisions called for wage rate changes averaging
an increase of 1.6 percent annually over the life of the agreement
compared with 2.0 percent in settlements with neither provision.
Nonmanufacturing settlements reached in the year ended September 30
called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 2.5 percent
annually over their life. Contrary to the pattern in manufacturing,
settlements with lump-sum and/or COLA provisions had higher annual wage
changes than those with neither provision--an increase of 2.7 percent
over the contract term compared with 2.3 percent.
Compensation cost changes under settlements
The BLS data on negotiated changes in employers' costs for employee
compensation relate to settlements covering 5,000 or more workers.
Compensation cost changes include specified (guaranteed) cash and
benefit lump-sum payments and reflect both the size and timing of
compensation rate changes. Lump-sum payments and the timing are not
taken into account in the rate measure. See the Explanatory Note for a
more detailed description of the cost series.
- 3 -
Fifty-one percent of the 348,000 workers covered by all major
settlements negotiated in the third quarter of 1994 were covered by
settlements for 5,000 workers or more. These settlements provided total
compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 0.8 percent annually
over the life of the contract. (See table 10.) Annual cost changes
over the contract term averaged 0.8 percent for wages alone and 0.9
percent for cash payments (wages and cash lump-sum payments) to workers.
Annual cost changes for benefits averaged 0.5 percent.
Seventy percent (1.4 million) of the workers under all major
settlements negotiated in the year ended September 30, 1994, were
covered under settlements for 5,000 or more workers. These settlements
provided total compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.7
percent annually over the contract term. Over the contract term, annual
changes averaged increases of 1.4 percent for both wages alone and for
cash payments (including wages and cash lump-sum payments) and 2.2
percent for benefit costs.
Fifty-two percent of the workers under settlements for 5,000 or
more workers reached in the year ended September 30 could receive
compensation increases beyond those specified in the settlement from
contingent pay provisions. Examples of such provisions include COLA
clauses and lump-sum provisions that call for a payment only if company
profits exceed a specified amount. Potential payments under these
provisions are excluded from the series. Annual compensation cost
changes over the contract term averaged an increase of 1.9 percent in
settlements with contingent pay provisions and 1.5 percent in those
without such provisions. (See table 11.)
Wage rate changes under all major contracts
In addition to data just presented on changes in rates and costs
under settlements, the Bureau compiled information on wage rate changes
during the third quarter of 1994 under all major contracts. (See table
13.) Wage changes averaged an increase of 0.9 percent--0.1 percent from
settlements reached during the quarter, 0.7 percent from agreements
reached earlier, and 0.1 percent from COLAs.
Approximately 5.4 million workers were covered by these contracts.
About 2 million workers had their wages increased, another 3.3 million
workers were under major contracts in which wage rates remained the same
during the third quarter, and 31,000 workers had wage decreases.
Wage rate increases during the third quarter of 1994 stemmed from
one or more of the following: 1) Settlements reached in 1994 which
provided increases in the quarter averaging 3.0 percent for 295,000
workers; 2) contracts negotiated before 1994 that specified increases in
the quarter averaging 3.5 percent for 1,131,000 workers; and 3) COLA
provisions, which yielded average increases of 0.5 percent for 629,000
workers. About 238,000 additional workers had COLA reviews which did
not produce a wage change, largely because movement in the BLS Consumer
Price Index was insufficient to trigger one. COLA reviews during the
third quarter of 1994 generated average wage rate changes that amounted
to 54 percent of the CPI movement during the review period.
- 4 -
Fourth-quarter 1994 activity
During October-December 1994, 148,000 workers are under 50 major
agreements scheduled to expire or reopen for wage negotiations. About
38 percent of these workers are employed in food stores and electric,
gas, and sanitary services. In addition, there are 223,000 workers
under 62 agreements that expired or were reopened, but had not been
renegotiated or ratified prior to October 1, 1994. Thirty-six percent
of these workers are in the health services, airline, food store, and
construction industries.
In the fourth quarter, 652,000 workers are scheduled for wage
increases averaging 2.9 percent under provisions of agreements
negotiated prior to 1994, and about 86,000 are slated for increases
averaging 2.3 percent under agreements reached during 1994. COLA
reviews are scheduled for 805,000 workers during the quarter.
EXPLANATORY NOTE ABOUT THE DATA
This release covers major collective bargaining units--those with
1,000 or more workers--in private nonfarm industries. It is limited to
production and related workers in manufacturing and nonsupervisory
workers in nonmanufacturing. About 6.8 percent of the employed
production and nonsupervisory workers in private industry (excluding
households) are covered by a major bargaining agreement.
Wage and compensation changes under settlements
The series on major collective bargaining settlements estimates how
much wage and compensation rates and compensation costs will change from
existing levels as a result of new collective bargaining agreements
reached during specified reference periods.
Compensation rates include: Straight-time pay for time worked;
premium pay for overtime, weekend, holiday, and shift work; paid leave;
life, health, and sickness and accident insurance; pension and other
retirement plans; severance pay; and legally required benefits.
Compensation rates exclude lump-sum payments because they are not part
of the ongoing rate structure.
Compensation costs include: All items covered by compensation
rates plus specified cash and benefit lump-sum payments, which are
excluded from rate data.
Wage and compensation rate changes: The rate change for a
settlement is the percent difference between the average rate just prior
to the start of a new agreement and the average rate that would exist at
the end of the first 365 days of the new agreement (first year measure)
or at its expiration date (over-the-life measure). (The over-the-life
measure is expressed as an annual average change.) The average rate
change for all settlements is calculated by first multiplying the rate
change for each settlement by the number of workers under the
settlement. Next, the resulting products are summed, and the sum is
divided by the total number of workers under all settlements. The
result is the average change for all settlements.
- 5 -
Compensation cost changes: The compensation cost change for a
settlement is the percent difference between the average cost of
compensation per work hour (including the hourly cost of lump-sum
payments made during the term of the expiring agreement) just prior to
the start of a new agreement and the average cost of compensation per
work hour under the settlement. The average cost of compensation under
the settlement is calculated in two steps, as follows: 1) Each hourly
compensation rate (excluding lump-sum payments) is multiplied by the
number of hours it is to be paid during the agreement; the products are
summed; and the total is divided by the number of work hours over the
agreement term. The result is the cost per work hour of compensation
excluding specified lump-sum payments. 2) The cost per work hour of
specified lump-sum payments is computed by dividing the total amount of
any cash and benefit lump sums by the total number of work hours over
the agreement term. The sum of the results of steps 1 and 2 is the
estimated average cost of compensation per work hour over the term of
the new agreement. The percent difference between this amount and the
average cost at the end of the expiring agreement is the average cost
change under the settlement.
The average cost change under all settlements is calculated by
multiplying the percent change in cost under each settlement by the
number of workers under the settlement. The results are summed, and the
sum is divided by the total number of workers under all settlements.
The following example illustrates one of the major differences
between the compensation rate series and the compensation cost series.
Two agreements (A and B) expire. At expiration, compensation under each
agreement is $10 an hour. The agreements are replaced by new
settlements that run for 1 year. The settlement replacing agreement A
immediately increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour.
The settlement replacing agreement B leaves compensation unchanged for
the first 6 months and then increases compensation from $10 an hour to
$10.50 an hour.
The rate series measures the size of each settlement by calculating
the difference between compensation at the expiration of the old
agreement and compensation at the expiration of the new agreement and
computing the percent change. Thus, it measures each settlement as
providing a 5-percent ($.50/$10) compensation rate increase over the 1
year term.
The cost series measures the size of each settlement by comparing
employer costs for compensation under the settlement with what they were
under the expiring agreement just before it was renegotiated as follows:
When each agreement expired, an employee who worked 2,000 hours over the
year would cost the employer $20,000 (2,000 hours at $10). Under the
settlement replacing agreement A (with the immediate increase), the
employer would pay for 2,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $21,000 for the
year, a 5-percent increase over the $20,000. Under the settlement
replacing agreement B (with the delayed increase), the employer would
pay for 1,000 hours at $10 an hour and for 1,000 hours at $10.50 an
hour, or $20,500 for the year, a 2.5-percent increase over the $20,000.
Thus, the cost series reflects the influence of timing of changes during
the agreement term which the rate series does not reflect.
- 6 -
For a more detailed description of the compensation cost series and
how it compares with the compensation rate series, see Alvin Bauman, "A
New Measure of Compensation Cost Adjustments," Monthly Labor Review,
August 1990, pp. 11-18.
Data on changes under settlements exclude potential increases or
decreases that may result from COLA clauses that are based on future
changes in the CPI unknown at the time of settlement. The data do,
however, include "guaranteed" COLA payments (those specified when the
agreement was reached and specified to be implemented later) because
they are not tied to subsequent price movements. Similarly, data on
cost changes exclude contingent lump-sum payments (such as those tied to
future profit levels or productivity increases) but include lump-sum
payments guaranteed by the settlement.
Estimates of changes are based on the assumption that conditions
existing at the time of settlement (e.g., composition of the labor force
or methods of funding pensions) will remain constant over the life of
the agreement.
Wage rate changes under all contracts
The series on all major collective bargaining contracts estimates
average wage rate changes during the reference period under settlements
reached during the calendar year as well as under major agreements
reached earlier and remaining in force during the period.
The average change under all contracts in force during a period is
computed by multiplying the percent change under each contract by the
number of workers covered, adding the products, and dividing the sum by
the total number of workers under all contracts.
The average rate change reflects net rate increases, decreases, and
zero changes during the reference period. Rate increases and decreases
stem from settlements in the calendar year that call for increases or
decreases during the period, from agreements reached earlier with
increases or decreases deferred to the period, and from COLA clauses.
(Although wage increases and decreases from COLA clauses are not
incorporated into base wage rates under all agreements, they are
included in the wage rate change measure for all contracts.)
Wage changes under COLA clauses are based on changes in the
Consumer Price Index for a review period designated in the agreement.
Data for 1994 are preliminary and may be revised if additional
information is obtained. Final data will be available in the Spring of
1995.
Additional historical information is available from the Office of
Compensation and Working Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Washington, DC 20212-0001.
- 7 -
Data on major public sector collective bargaining settlements are
developed separately and issued semi-annually. Data for the first half
of 1994 were released in August 1994.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, TDD
phone: 202-606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326-
2577.
_____________________________________________
Major private industry collective bargaining
settlements data for the fourth quarter of 1994
and for the full year 1994 will be
released on January 31, 1995, at 10:00 AM (EST).
Table 1. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages under current and replaced
private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by
quarter, and during 4-quarter periods
(in percent)
1992 1993 1994
Measure
III IV I II III IV I(2) II(2) III(-
3)
Quarterly averages
First year change(4)
Current settlements............... 2.9 1.8 2.5 2.5 1.1 2.8 3.0 2.3 0.9
Replaced settlements.............. 3.1 4.9 4.4 4.0 3.6 3.4 5.4 2.8 2.6
Annual change over the contract
term(5)
Current settlements............... 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.5 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.5 1.9
Replaced settlements.............. 2.8 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.0 2.2 3.7 3.0 2.8
Four quarters ended
First year change(4)
Current settlements............... 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3
Replaced settlements.............. 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.5 3.3
Annual change over the contract
term(5)
Current settlements............... 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2
Replaced settlements.............. 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. All measures exclude any cash or
benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Preliminary revised.
3 Preliminary.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the
contract effective date.
5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate
over the life of the contract.
Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
collective bargaining settlements, third quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
(in percent)
Annual Number of
Measure First-year change over workers Number of
change(2) the contract (000's) settlements
term(3)
Wage changes in settlements
covering 1,000 workers or more:
All industries........................... 0.9 1.9 348 97
With lump-sum provisions............... 0.8 1.8 83 24
Without lump-sum provisions............ 0.9 1.9 265 73
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 1.8 2.2 129 26
With neither lump sums nor COLA........ 0.3 1.7 218 71
Manufacturing............................ 2.0 2.1 160 36
Nonmanufacturing......................... -0.1 1.8 187 61
Construction............................. 2.2 2.5 86 33
Contracts without COLA clauses......... 2.2 2.5 86 33
All industries excluding construction.... 0.4 1.7 262 64
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.. -2.0 1.1 102 28
Goods-producing.......................... 2.1 2.2 246 69
Service-producing........................ -2.0 1.1 102 28
Compensation changes in settlements
covering 5,000 workers or more:
All industries........................... -0.1 1.4 178 14
Manufacturing............................ 2.7 2.1 101 6
Nonmanufacturing......................... -3.9 0.5 77 8
Construction............................. 2.4 2.7 18 3
All industries excluding construction.... -0.4 1.3 159 11
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.. -5.9 -0.2 59 5
Goods-producing.......................... 2.7 2.2 119 9
Service-producing........................ -5.9 -0.2 59 5
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or
not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum
payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 3. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
collective bargaining settlements, four quarters ended with the third quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
(in percent)
Annual Number of
Measure First-year change over workers Number of
change(2) the contract (000's) settlements
term(3)
Wage changes in settlements
covering 1,000 workers or more:
All industries........................... 2.3 2.2 2,020 373
With COLA clauses...................... 2.9 1.7 608 55
Without COLA clauses................... 2.1 2.4 1,412 318
With lump-sum provisions............... 2.7 2.0 980 99
Without lump-sum provisions............ 2.0 2.3 1,040 274
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 2.8 2.1 1,160 129
With neither lump sums nor COLA........ 1.8 2.2 860 244
Manufacturing............................ 2.6 1.7 774 127
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 2.7 1.6 610 75
With neither lump sums nor COLA........ 2.3 2.0 164 52
Nonmanufacturing......................... 2.2 2.5 1,246 246
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 2.8 2.7 550 54
With neither lump sums nor COLA........ 1.6 2.3 696 192
Construction............................. 1.8 2.6 348 114
All industries excluding construction.... 2.5 2.1 1,671 259
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.. 2.3 2.5 898 132
Goods-producing.......................... 2.4 2.0 1,194 245
Service-producing........................ 2.2 2.5 826 128
Compensation changes in settlements
covering 5,000 workers or more:
All industries........................... 3.1 2.5 1,407 62
With COLA clauses...................... 4.0 2.1 517 14
Without COLA clauses................... 2.6 2.7 890 48
With lump-sum provisions............... 3.5 2.4 803 23
Without lump-sum provisions............ 2.6 2.5 604 39
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 3.8 2.6 935 29
With neither lump sums nor COLA........ 1.7 2.1 472 33
Manufacturing............................ 3.6 1.9 557 19
Nonmanufacturing......................... 2.8 2.8 850 43
Construction............................. 1.1 2.1 153 14
All industries excluding construction.... 3.4 2.5 1,254 48
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.. 3.1 3.0 697 29
Goods-producing.......................... 3.1 2.0 778 35
Service-producing........................ 3.1 3.1 629 27
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or
not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum
payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining
settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change(1) in wages, four quarters ended with the third
quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
All Manu- Nonmanu-
industries facturing facturing
Measure
First-year change(2)
Number of workers (in thousands)....................... 2,020 774 1,246
Percent of workers
All settlements...................................... 100 100 100
No wage change.................................... 18 15 19
Decreases(3)...................................... 2 (4) 4
Increases......................................... 80 85 77
Under 3 percent................................ 22 17 25
3 and under 5 percent.......................... 54 67 46
5 percent and over ............................ 4 1 6
Changes (in percent):
Mean change.......................................... 2.3 2.6 2.2
Median change........................................ 3.1 3.1 3.0
Mean increase........................................ 3.2 3.1 3.3
Median increase...................................... 3.1 3.1 3.2
Annual change over the contract term(5)
Number of workers (in thousands)....................... 2,020 774 1,246
Percent of workers
All settlements...................................... 100 100 100
No wage change.................................... 5 6 5
Decreases(3)...................................... 2 (4) 3
Increases......................................... 93 94 92
Under 2 percent................................ 41 63 27
2 and under 3 percent.......................... 22 15 26
3 and under 4 percent.......................... 24 14 30
4 percent and over............................. 6 2 8
Changes (in percent):
Mean change.......................................... 2.2 1.7 2.5
Median change........................................ 2.0 1.0 2.4
Mean increase........................................ 2.4 1.8 2.8
Median increase...................................... 2.1 1.2 2.6
1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median
increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude lump-sum payments and
potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
4 Less than 0.5 percent.
5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under
private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000
workers or more by change(1) in compensation, four quarters ended
with the third quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
Measure First-year change(2)
Total number of workers (in thousands)....... 1,407
Percent of workers
All settlements............................ 100
No change............................... 8
Decreases(3)............................ 4
Increases............................... 88
Under 2 percent...................... 11
2 and under 4 percent................ 38
4 percent and over................... 40
Changes (in percent):
Mean change................................ 3.1
Median change.............................. 3.4
Mean increase.............................. 3.9
Median increase............................ 3.6
Annual change over
the contract term(4)
Total number of workers (in thousands)....... 1,407
Percent of workers
All settlements............................ 100
No change............................... 0
Decreases(3)............................ 3
Increases............................... 97
Under 2 percent...................... 38
2 and under 3 percent................ 20
3 percent and over................... 38
Changes (in percent):
Mean change................................ 2.5
Median change.............................. 2.3
Mean increase.............................. 2.6
Median increase............................ 2.5
1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and
zero change. Mean and median increases refer to only those
settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit
lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective
within 12 months of the contract effective date.
3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as
an average annual rate over the life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items
may not equal totals.
Table 6. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining
settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change(1) in compensation and wages, four quarters
ended with the third quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
First-year change(2)
Measure
Compensation Wages alone
Total number of workers (in thousands)...................... 348 348
Percent of workers
All settlements........................................... 100 100
No change.............................................. 29 40
Decreases(3)........................................... 2 2
Increases.............................................. 68 58
Under 2 percent..................................... 17 12
2 and under 3 percent............................... 21 22
3 and under 4 percent............................... 14 10
4 and under 5 percent............................... 9 4
5 percent and over.................................. 9 9
Changes (in percent):
Mean change............................................... 2.0 1.8
Median change............................................. 2.1 1.7
Mean increase............................................. 3.2 3.4
Median increase........................................... 2.7 2.7
Annual change over the contract term(4)
Compensation Wages alone
Total number of workers (in thousands)...................... 348 348
Percent of workers
All settlements........................................... 100 100
No change.............................................. 3 8
Decreases(3)........................................... 2 2
Increases.............................................. 94 90
Under 2 percent..................................... 35 32
2 and under 3 percent............................... 27 20
3 and under 4 percent............................... 16 21
4 and under 5 percent............................... 9 7
5 percent and over.................................. 7 9
Changes (in percent):
Mean change............................................... 2.5 2.6
Median change............................................. 2.4 2.4
Mean increase............................................. 2.7 2.9
Median increase........................................... 2.6 2.6
1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median
increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit
lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 7. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of
contract, four quarters ended with the third quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
Contract duration
Measure More than More than
All 12 months 12 and 24 months 24 and 36 months More than
contracts or less less than less than 36 months
24 months 36 months
Number of settlements................... 373 34 12 24 56 138 109
Number of workers (in thousands)........ 2,020 81 22 92 280 774 772
Average contract duration (months)...... 37.9 11.2 15.5 24.0 33.2 36.0 46.5
Percent change in wages:(1)
Annualized over the contract term..... 2.2 2.4 1.4 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.5
Occurring in:
First contract year(2).............. 2.3 2.1 1.6 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.2
Second contract year(3)............. 2.1 NA 0.5 2.2 1.7 1.7 2.8
Third contract year(4).............. 2.1 NA NA NA 1.2 1.7 2.9
Fourth contract year(5)............. 1.4 NA NA NA NA NA 1.4
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA
clauses.
2 Data are not annualized.
3 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 12 months. Data are not annualized.
4 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 24 months. Data are not annualized.
5 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 36 months. Data are not annualized.
NOTE: "NA" indicates not applicable. Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal
totals.
Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
collective bargaining settlements, by year and quarter
(in percent)
Annual Quarterly averages
averages
Measure 1992 1993 1994
1992 1993
IV I II III IV I(2) II(2) III(-
3)
Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000
workers or more:
First year(4)
All industries........................ 2.7 2.3 1.8 2.5 2.5 1.1 2.8 3.0 2.3 0.9
With COLA clauses.................... 2.7 2.8 2.4 3.1 1.2 (5) (5) (5) 3.2 (5)
Without COLA clauses................. 2.7 2.1 1.4 2.1 2.7 (5) (5) (5) 1.9 (5)
With lump sums....................... 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.4 1.4 (5) (5) 2.5 2.9 0.8
Without lump sums.................... 2.6 2.0 0.9 2.6 2.9 (5) (5) 3.3 2.1 0.9
With either lump sums, COLA, or both. 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.4 1.5 2.5 2.9 2.5 3.1 1.8
With neither lump sums nor COLA...... 2.6 2.0 0.8 2.6 2.9 0.2 2.7 3.3 1.8 0.3
Manufacturing......................... 2.6 2.7 (5) 4.0 1.7 (5) (5) 1.4 3.0 2.0
With either lump sums, COLA, or both. 1.9 2.7 (5) 4.2 1.1 (5) (5) 1.0 3.0 (5)
With neither lump sums nor COLA...... 3.4 2.9 (5) 3.7 2.6 (5) (5) 2.3 3.1 (5)
Nonmanufacturing...................... 2.7 2.1 (5) 1.7 2.8 (5) (5) 3.5 2.0 -0.1
With either lump sums, COLA, or both. 3.2 2.4 (5) 0.9 2.0 (5) (5) 3.7 3.2 (5)
With neither lump sums nor COLA...... 2.5 1.8 (5) 2.2 3.0 (5) (5) 3.4 1.7 (5)
Construction.......................... 2.0 2.1 (5) (5) 2.3 1.7 (5) (5) 1.0 2.2
All industries excluding construction. 2.9 2.4 (5) (5) 2.7 1.0 (5) (5) 3.0 0.4
Nonmanufacturing excluding
construction....................... 3.0 2.0 (5) (5) 3.4 (5) (5) (5) 2.9 -2.0
Goods-producing....................... 2.3 2.6 2.1 3.6 2.1 (5) (5) 3.2 1.9 2.1
Service-producing..................... 3.0 2.0 1.6 1.5 3.4 (5) (5) 2.9 2.9 -2.0
Annual average over the contract term(6)
All industries......................... 3.0 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.5 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.5 1.9
With COLA clauses..................... 2.5 1.4 2.9 3.0 0.9 (5) (5) (5) 2.7 (5)
Without COLA clauses.................. 3.1 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.7 (5) (5) (5) 2.4 (5)
With lump sums........................ 2.9 1.9 3.1 2.6 1.4 (5) (5) 1.7 2.6 1.8
Without lump sums..................... 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.8 2.8 (5) (5) 2.8 2.4 1.9
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. 2.9 1.9 2.9 2.6 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.7 2.7 2.2
With neither lump sums nor COLA....... 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.8 2.9 1.8 2.2 2.8 2.3 1.7
Manufacturing.......................... 2.6 1.5 (5) 3.5 1.3 (5) (5) 1.7 2.7 2.1
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. 2.0 1.3 (5) 3.7 0.6 (5) (5) 1.3 2.7 (5)
With neither lump sums nor COLA....... 3.2 2.5 (5) 3.2 2.4 (5) (5) 2.4 2.6 (5)
Nonmanufacturing....................... 3.0 2.5 (5) 2.3 2.8 (5) (5) 2.7 2.4 1.8
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. 3.2 2.6 (5) 1.7 2.4 (5) (5) 2.0 2.8 (5)
With neither lump sums nor COLA....... 3.0 2.5 (5) 2.7 2.9 (5) (5) 2.9 2.3 (5)
Construction........................... 2.4 2.6 (5) (5) 2.7 2.1 (5) (5) 2.3 2.5
All industries excluding construction.. 3.1 2.1 (5) (5) 2.4 1.6 (5) (5) 2.6 1.7
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction 3.3 2.5 (5) (5) 3.1 (5) (5) (5) 2.5 1.1
Goods-producing........................ 2.5 1.9 2.4 3.4 2.2 (5) (5) 2.8 2.4 2.2
Service-producing...................... 3.3 2.6 2.6 2.1 3.1 (5) (5) 2.2 2.5 1.1
Compensation changes in settlements
covering 5,000 workers or more:
All industries
First year(4)......................... 3.0 3.0 1.4 3.1 3.2 1.0 3.8 3.0 3.4 -0.1
With COLA clauses.................... 4.1 3.2 3.3 4.3 1.7 (5) (5) - 5.8 (5)
Without COLA clauses................. 2.7 2.9 -1.1 1.7 3.4 (5) (5) 3.0 2.1 (5)
Annual average over the contract
term(6)................................ 3.1 2.4 2.7 3.2 2.6 1.4 2.5 2.6 2.9 1.4
With COLA clauses................ 3.0 1.7 3.4 3.8 0.6 (5) (5) - 3.8 (5)
Without COLA clauses............. 3.2 2.8 1.8 2.4 2.9 (5) (5) 2.6 2.4 (5)
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or
not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum
payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Preliminary revised.
3 Preliminary.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
5 Data do not meet publication standards.
6 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life
of the contract.
- There were no settlements in this cell.
Table 9. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry
collective bargaining settlements during 4-quarter periods
(in percent)
Four quarters ended
Measure 1992 1993 1994
III IV I II III IV I(2) II(2) III(-
3)
Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000
workers or more:
First year(4)
All industries........................ 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3
With COLA clauses.................... 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.9
Without COLA clauses................. 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.5 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.1
With lump sums....................... 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.7
Without lump sums.................... 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.5 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.0
With either lump sums, COLA, or both. 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8
With neither lump sums nor COLA...... 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.5 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.6 1.8
Manufacturing......................... 3.0 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.6
With either lump sums, COLA, or both. 2.7 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.7
With neither lump sums nor COLA...... 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.3
Nonmanufacturing...................... 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.5 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.2
With either lump sums, COLA, or both. 3.2 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.8 3.0 2.8
With neither lump sums nor COLA...... 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.4 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.6
Construction.......................... 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.4 1.7 1.8
All industries excluding construction. 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.7 1.9 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5
Nonmanufacturing excluding
construction....................... 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.7 1.5 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.3
Goods-producing....................... 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4
Service-producing..................... 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.7 1.5 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.2
Annual average over the contract term(5)
All industries......................... 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2
With COLA clauses..................... 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.1 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.7
Without COLA clauses.................. 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4
With lump sums........................ 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.0
Without lump sums..................... 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.3
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1
With neither lump sums nor COLA....... 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2
Manufacturing.......................... 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.1 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.7
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.6
With neither lump sums nor COLA....... 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.0
Nonmanufacturing....................... 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.7
With neither lump sums nor COLA....... 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.3
Construction........................... 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.6
All industries excluding construction.. 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5
Goods-producing........................ 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.3 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.0
Service-producing...................... 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5
Compensation changes in settlements
covering 5,000 workers or more:
All industries
First year(4)......................... 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1
With COLA clauses.................... 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.0 3.2 (6) 3.7 4.0
Without COLA clauses................. 3.2 2.7 2.6 2.4 1.5 2.9 (6) 2.8 2.6
Annual average over the contract
term(5)................................ 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5
With COLA clauses................. 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.3 2.5 1.7 (6) 1.9 2.1
Without COLA clauses.............. 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.3 2.8 (6) 2.7 2.7
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether
or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit
lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Preliminary revised.
3 Preliminary.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the
contract effective date.
5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
contract term.
6 Data do not meet publication standards.
Table 10. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components
annualized over the life of the contract(2) in private industry collective bargaining
settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods
(in percent)
1992 1993 1994
Item III IV I II III IV I(3) II(3) III(-
4)
Quarterly averages
All industries
Compensation .................. 2.3 1.2 1.9 1.8 0.9 1.8 2.0 1.9 0.8
Cash payments (5).............. 2.1 1.1 1.4 1.7 0.8 1.4 1.9 1.4 0.9
Wages.......................... 2.0 1.3 1.6 1.7 0.7 1.4 1.7 1.4 0.8
Benefits....................... 2.8 1.4 2.7 1.8 1.1 2.4 2.1 2.7 0.5
Four quarters ended
All industries
Compensation................... 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7
Cash payments(5)............... 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4
Wages.......................... 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4
Benefits....................... 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.3 1.7 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.2
With contingent pay provisions(6)
Compensation................... 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.9
Cash payments(5)............... 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4
Wages.......................... 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.6
Benefits....................... 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.5 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.5
Without contingent pay
provisions(6)
Compensation................... 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5
Cash payments(5)............... 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.3
Wages.......................... 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.1
Benefits....................... 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.3 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.8
Manufacturing
Compensation................... 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.5
Cash payments(5)............... 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 1.0
Wages.......................... 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2
Benefits....................... 2.5 3.4 3.3 2.7 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.9 2.1
Nonmanufacturing
Compensation................... 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8
Cash payments(5)............... 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.6
Wages.......................... 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5
Benefits....................... 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.8 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.2
Goods-producing
Compensation................... 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
Cash payments(5)............... 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2
Wages.......................... 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2
Benefits....................... 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8
Service-producing
Compensation................... 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0
Cash payments(5)............... 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6
Wages.......................... 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6
Benefits....................... 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.3 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.7
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and no change. Excludes potential changes from
contingent pay provisions.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over
the life of the contract.
3 Preliminary revised.
4 Preliminary.
5 Cash payments include wages and lump-sum payments.
6 Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump-sum payment clauses.
Data exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions.
Table 11. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components
annualized over the life of the contract(2) in private industry collective bargaining settlements
covering 5,000 workers or more, four quarters ended with the third quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
(in percent)
Cash Number of
Measure Compen- Wages Benefits workers
sation payments(- (000's)
3)
All industries.......................... 1.7 1.4 1.4 2.2 1,407
With contingent pay provisions(4).... 1.9 1.4 1.6 2.5 726
Without contingent pay provisions(4). 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.8 681
Manufacturing........................... 1.5 1.0 1.2 2.1 557
Nonmanufacturing........................ 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.2 850
Goods-producing......................... 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.8 778
Service-producing....................... 2.0 1.6 1.6 2.7 629
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes potential changes from contingent
pay provisions.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
3 Cash payments include wages and lump sum payments.
4 Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump sum payment clauses. Data
exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 12. Cost changes: Percent distribution of workers in
private industry collective bargaining settlements covering
5,000 workers or more, by average (mean) changes(1) in
compensation costs annualized over the life of the contract,(2)
four quarters ended with the third quarter of 1994
(preliminary)
Measure All
industries
Total number of workers (in thousands)............ 1,407
Percent of workers
All settlements................................. 100
No change.................................... 0
Decreases(3)................................. 3
Increases.................................... 97
Under 1.5 percent......................... 41
1.5 and under 2.5 percent................. 29
2.5 percent and over...................... 27
Changes (in percent):
Mean change (percent)........................... 1.7
Median change................................... 1.8
Mean increase (percent)...................... 1.8
Median increase.............................. 1.8
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change.
Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provisions.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed
as an average annual (compound) rate over the life of the
contract.
3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items
may not equal totals.
Table 13. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000
workers or more, by year and quarter
(in percent)
Annual averages Quarterly averages
Item 1992 1993 1994
1992 1993
IV I II III IV I(1) II(1) III(2)
Average wage rate change (3)............... 3.1 3.0 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.8 0.9
Source:
Current settlements...................... 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1
Prior settlements..................... 1.9 1.9 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.7
COLA provisions....................... 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 (4) (4) (4) 0.1 0.1
Industry
Manufacturing............................ 3.1 3.3 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.6
Nonmanufacturing...................... 3.1 2.8 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.9 1.0
Nonmanufacturing excluding
construction.............................. 3.0 2.8 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.2
Construction.......................... 3.4 2.7 0.1 0.3 1.6 0.7 0.1 0.3 1.5 0.7
Transportation and public utilities... 2.7 3.0 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.7 1.9
Wholesale and retail trade............ 3.5 2.3 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5
Services.............................. 3.7 3.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.5 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.6
Goods-producing....................... 3.1 3.1 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.6
Service-producing..................... 3.0 2.8 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.6 1.2
Average wage rate increase(5).............. 3.7 3.5 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.7 2.5 1.7 2.2 2.5
Source:(6)
Current settlements...................... 3.6 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.6 2.7 3.0
Prior settlements..................... 3.8 3.4 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.2 2.7 3.2 3.5
COLA provisions....................... 2.0 1.3 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5
Number of workers receiving wage increases
(in thousands)(7)......................... 4,665.5 4,795.1 1,452.4 1,377.9 2,116.4 1,715.0 1,603.9 1,324.6 2,009.5 2,034.3
Source:
Current settlements...................... 1,292.3 1,671.7 387.4 221.8 358.9 359.5 883.9 140.7 426.5 294.6
Prior settlements..................... 2,817.8 2,999.2 325.1 535.4 1,121.2 1,163.0 377.0 555.8 934.8 1,131.2
COLA provisions....................... 1,036.3 872.2 775.8 666.9 661.8 273.4 720.5 689.7 658.2 629.0
Number of workers not receiving a wage
increase (in thousands)................... 853.9 681.0 4,067.0 4,098.2 3,359.7 3,761.2 3,872.2 4,034.2 3,349.4 3,324.6
1 Preliminary revised.
2 Preliminary.
3 Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, settlements reached in a prior
period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
4 More than 0 and less than 0.05 percent.
5 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources was a wage rate increase.
6 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source was a wage rate increase.
7 The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers received wage changes
from more than one source.
Table 14. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining
agreements covering 1,000 workers or more during 4-quarter periods
(in percent)
Four quarters ended
Item 1992 1993 1994
IV I II III IV I(1) II(1) III(2)
Average wage rate change (3)..... 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9
Source:
Current settlements.......... 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8
Prior settlements............ 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.9
COLA provisions.............. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Industry
Manufacturing................ 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.8
Nonmanufacturing............. 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.9
Nonmanufacturing excluding
construction................ 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.0
Construction................. 3.4 3.3 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.9
Transportation and public
utilities................... 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.5
Wholesale and retail trade... 3.5 3.1 3.0 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.4
Services..................... 3.7 3.2 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.1 2.3
Goods-producing.............. 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.9
Service-producing............ 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.0
Average wage rate increase(4).... 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.6
Source:(5)
Current settlements.......... 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.0
Prior settlements............ 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4
COLA provisions.............. 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.4
Number of workers receiving wage
increases (in thousands)(6)...... 4,665.5 4,630.8 4,528.5 4,468.8 4,795.1 4,691.5 4,590.1 4,499.4
Source:
Current settlements.......... 1,292.3 1,347.8 1,405.0 1,229.8 1,671.7 1,646.7 1,739.5 1,675.2
Prior settlements............ 2,817.8 2,706.0 2,785.0 2,965.9 2,999.2 2,989.1 2,888.2 2,965.4
COLA provisions.............. 1,036.3 1,067.4 1,064.2 921.2 872.2 841.0 845.0 785.6
Number of workers not receiving a
wage increase (in thousands)..... 853.9 888.7 991.0 1,050.7 681.0 784.7 886.1 976.7
1 Preliminary revised.
2 Preliminary.
3 Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements,
agreements reached in a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of
individual items may not equal totals.
4 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources was an
increase.
5 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source was an
increase.
6 The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers
received wage changes from more than one source.