The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
TEXT
Table 1. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages under current
Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation
Table 3. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and
Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private
Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under
Table 6. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under
Table 7. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering
Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and
Table 9. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and
Table 10. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of
Table 11. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of
Table 12. Cost changes: Percent distribution of workers in
Table 13. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private
Table 14. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry
Technical Information: USDL: 94-362
Janice Devine (202) 606-6276 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Fehmida Sleemi (202) 606-6282 Tuesday, July 26,
1994 Media Contact: (202) 606-5902
MAJOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING SETTLEMENTS
IN PRIVATE INDUSTRY, SECOND QUARTER 1994
Major collective bargaining settlements reached in private industry
during the second quarter of 1994 called for annual changes in wage rates
over the contract term that were lower, on average, than were specified in
the agreements they replaced, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of
Labor Statistics reported today. With the exception of the third quarter
of 1992, this relationship has existed since the first quarter of 1992.
The Bureau's series on major collective bargaining statistics covers
bargaining units of 1,000 or more workers.
Wage rate changes under settlements
Settlements in the second quarter of 1994 specified wage rate
changes averaging an increase of 2.3 percent in the first year of the
agreements and 2.4 percent annually over the term of the contracts. (See
tables 1 and 2.) Corresponding changes in agreements they replaced (which
were primarily negotiated in 1991) were increases of 2.9 percent and 3.0
percent. (Lump-sum payments and cost-of-living adjustments are not
included in specified wage rate changes.) During the quarter, 143
settlements, covering 627,000 workers, were concluded. Settlements in
construction, trucking, apparel manufacturing, food stores, and real estate
accounted for three-fourths of the workers.
Fifteen agreements, covering 98,000 workers, contained newly
negotiated cash lump-sum provisions. Such provisions were maintained in
seven agreements for 20,000 workers and discontinued in seven agreements
for 23,000 workers. As of June 30, 1994, lump-sum provisions covered 42
percent of the 5.4 million workers under all major collective bargaining
contracts in private industry, up from 39 percent at the end of 1993 and 36
percent at the end of 1992. From the end of 1987, when lump-sum
information was first compiled, through the fourth quarter of 1991,
lump-sum coverage was between 40 and 43 percent.
Twenty-nine agreements reached in the second quarter of 1994,
covering 177,000 workers, retained their cost-of-living adjustment clauses
(COLAs), while one agreement for 4,000 workers added COLA coverage, and one
agreement covering 1,000 workers dropped it. As of June 30, COLA
provisions covered 24 percent of the 5.4 million workers under major
collective bargaining contracts, the same as at the end of 1993, but down
from 28 percent at the end of 1992 and 30 percent at the end of 1991. COLA
coverage had been about 40 percent from 1987 through 1990.
Workers under second-quarter settlements accounted for 30 percent
of the 2.1 million workers under the 362 settlements reached in the 12
months ended June 30, 1994. (See table 3.) On average, settlements during
this period specified a lower wage rate change over their term than the
contracts being replaced--an annual increase of 2.1 percent compared with
2.8 percent. (See the chart.) This has been the pattern in all but one of
the last nine 4-quarter periods. Over their term, agreements reached
during the year ended June 30, specified wage rate increases for 92 percent
of the workers and no wage change for almost all the other workers. (See
table 4.) These contracts had the longest average duration--37
months--recorded since the Bureau of Labor Statistics began publishing this
measure in 1972. (See table 7.)
Fifty-eight percent of the workers under settlements reached during
the 4-quarter period ended June 30, had either a cash lump-sum payment
provision or a COLA clause or both. Their wage changes over the contract
term averaged an increase of 2.0 percent annually compared with 2.2 percent
for workers in settlements with neither provision. Lump-sum payments are
not part of the ongoing rate structure and, therefore, are excluded from
the rate data. Such payments, however, are included in measures of
compensation cost changes discussed in the next section. Potential wage
changes from COLA clauses depend on future price changes and, therefore,
are excluded from both rate and cost data. (See the Explanatory Note.)
Lump-sum payment and COLA provisions typically are negotiated more
frequently for manufacturing than for nonmanufacturing workers. During the
year ended June 30, cash lump-sum payment and/or COLA provisions covered 86
percent of the workers in manufacturing settlements compared with 42
percent in nonmanufacturing. For all manufacturing settlements, the wage
rate change averaged an annual increase of 1.5 percent over the contract
term. Settlements with cash lump-sum and/or COLA provisions called for
wage rate changes averaging an increase of 1.4 percent annually over the
life of the agreement compared with 2.3 percent in settlements with neither
provision.
Nonmanufacturing settlements reached in the year ended June 30,
called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 2.4 percent annually
over their life. Contrary to the pattern in manufacturing, settlements
with lump-sum and/or COLA provisions had higher annual wage changes than
those with neither provision--an increase of 2.8 percent over the contract
term compared with 2.2 percent.
Compensation cost changes under settlements
The BLS data on negotiated changes in employers' costs for employee
compensation relate to settlements covering 5,000 or more workers.
Compensation cost changes include specified (guaranteed) cash and benefit
lump-sum payments and reflect both the size and timing of compensation rate
changes. Lump-sum payments and the timing are not taken into account in
the rate measure. See the Explanatory Note for a more detailed description
of the cost series.
Sixty-three percent of the 627,000 workers covered by all major
settlements negotiated in the second quarter of 1994 were covered by
settlements for 5,000 workers or more. These settlements provided total
compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.9 percent annually
over the life of the contract. (See table 10.) Annual cost changes over
the contract term averaged 1.4 percent for both wages alone and cash
payments (wages and cash lump-sum payments) to workers. Annual cost
changes for benefits averaged 2.7 percent.
Seventy-two percent (1.5 million) of the workers under all major
settlements negotiated in the year ended June 30, 1994, were covered under
settlements for 5,000 or more workers. These settlements provided total
compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.7 percent annually
over the contract term. Over the contract term, annual changes averaged
increases of 1.3 percent for both wages alone and for cash payments
(including wages and cash lump-sum payments) and 2.2 percent for benefit
costs.
Fifty-three percent of the workers under settlements for 5,000 or
more workers reached in the year ended June 30, could receive compensation
increases beyond those specified in the settlement from contingent pay
provisions. Examples of such provisions include COLA clauses and lump-sum
provisions that call for a payment only if company profits exceed a
specified amount. Potential payments under these provisions are excluded
from the series. Annual compensation cost changes over the contract term
averaged an increase of 1.7 percent in settlements with contingent pay
provisions and 1.6 percent in those without such provisions. (See table
11.)
Wage rate changes under all major contracts
In addition to data just presented on changes in rates and costs
under settlements, the Bureau compiled information on wage rate changes
during the second quarter of 1994 under all major contracts. (See table
13.) Wage changes averaged an increase of 0.8 percent--0.2 percent from
settlements reached during the quarter, 0.6 percent from agreements reached
earlier, and 0.1 percent from COLAs.
Approximately 5.4 million workers were covered by these contracts.
About 2 million workers had their wages increased, another 3.4 million
workers were under major contracts in which wage rates remained the same
during the second quarter, and 14,000 workers had wage decreases.
Wage rate increases during the second quarter of 1994 stemmed from
one or more of the following: 1) Settlements reached in 1994 which
provided increases in the quarter averaging 2.7 percent for 409,000
workers; 2) contracts negotiated before 1994 that specified increases in
the quarter averaging 3.3 percent for 963,000 workers; and 3) COLA
provisions, which yielded average increases of 0.5 percent for 652,000
workers. About 117,000 additional workers had COLA reviews which did not
produce a wage change, largely because movement in the BLS Consumer Price
Index was insufficient to trigger one. COLA reviews during the second
quarter of 1994 generated average wage rate changes that amounted to 68
percent of the CPI movement during the review period.
Third-quarter 1994 activity
During July-September 1994, 247,000 workers are under 76 major
agreements scheduled to expire or reopen for wage negotiations. Just over
50 percent of these workers are in the apparel manufacturing, construction,
services, and food store industries. In addition, there are 333,000
workers under 97 agreements that expired or were reopened, but had not been
renegotiated or ratified prior to July 1, 1994. Forty-seven percent of
these workers are employed in the construction industry or involved in the
manufacture of electrical, primary metal, or food products.
In the third quarter, 1,157,000 workers are scheduled for wage
increases averaging 3.5 percent under provisions of agreements negotiated
prior to 1994, and about 88,000 are slated for increases averaging 3.4
percent under agreements reached during 1994. COLA reviews are scheduled
for 821,000 workers during the quarter.
EXPLANATORY NOTE ABOUT THE DATA
This release covers major collective bargaining units--those with
1,000 or more workers--in private nonfarm industries. It is limited to
production and related workers in manufacturing and nonsupervisory workers
in nonmanufacturing. About 7.1 percent of the employed production and
nonsupervisory workers in private industry (excluding households) are
covered by a major bargaining agreement.
Wage and compensation changes under settlements
The series on major collective bargaining settlements estimates how
much wage and compensation rates and compensation costs will change from
existing levels as a result of new collective bargaining agreements reached
during specified reference periods.
Compensation rates include: Straight-time pay for time worked;
premium pay for overtime, weekend, holiday, and shift work; paid leave;
life, health, and sickness and accident insurance; pension and other
retirement plans; severance pay; and legally required benefits.
Compensation rates exclude lump-sum payments because they are not part of
the ongoing rate structure.
Compensation costs include: All items covered by compensation
rates plus specified cash and benefit lump-sum payments, which are excluded
from rate data.
Wage and compensation rate changes: The rate change for a
settlement is the percent difference between the average rate just prior to
the start of a new agreement and the average rate that would exist at the
end of the first 365 days of the new agreement (first year measure) or at
its expiration date (over-the-life measure). (The over-the-life measure is
expressed as an annual average change.) The average rate change for all
settlements is calculated by first multiplying the rate change for each
settlement by the number of workers under the settlement. Next, the
resulting products are summed, and the sum is divided by the total number
of workers under all settlements. The result is the average change for all
settlements.
Compensation cost changes: The compensation cost change for a
settlement is the percent difference between the average cost of
compensation per work hour (including the hourly cost of lump-sum payments
made during the term of the expiring agreement) just prior to the start of
a new agreement and the average cost of compensation per work hour under
the settlement. The average cost of compensation under the settlement is
calculated in two steps, as follows: 1) Each hourly compensation rate
(excluding lump-sum payments) is multiplied by the number of hours it is to
be paid during the agreement; the products are summed; and the total is
divided by the number of work hours over the agreement term. The result is
the cost per work hour of compensation excluding specified lump-sum
payments. 2) The cost per work hour of specified lump-sum payments is
computed by dividing the total amount of any cash and benefit lump sums by
the total number of work hours over the agreement term. The sum of the
results of steps 1 and 2 is the estimated average cost of compensation per
work hour over the term of the new agreement. The percent difference
between this amount and the average cost at the end of the expiring
agreement is the average cost change under the settlement.
The average cost change under all settlements is calculated by
multiplying the percent change in cost under each settlement by the number
of workers under the settlement. The results are summed, and the sum is
divided by the total number of workers under all settlements.
The following example illustrates one of the major differences
between the compensation rate series and the compensation cost series. Two
agreements (A and B) expire. At expiration, compensation under each
agreement is $10 an hour. The agreements are replaced by new settlements
that run for 1 year. The settlement replacing agreement A immediately
increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour. The settlement
replacing agreement B leaves compensation unchanged for the first 6 months
and then increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour.
The rate series measures the size of each settlement by calculating
the difference between compensation at the expiration of the old agreement
and compensation at the expiration of the new agreement and computing the
percent change. Thus, it measures each settlement as providing a 5-percent
($.50/$10) compensation rate increase over the 1 year term.
The cost series measures the size of each settlement by comparing
employer costs for compensation under the settlement with what they were
under the expiring agreement just before it was renegotiated as follows:
When each agreement expired, an employee who worked 2,000 hours over the
year would cost the employer $20,000 (2,000 hours at $10). Under the
settlement replacing agreement A (with the immediate increase), the
employer would pay for 2,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $21,000 for the
year, a 5-percent increase over the $20,000. Under the settlement
replacing agreement B (with the delayed increase), the employer would pay
for 1,000 hours at $10 an hour and for 1,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or
$20,500 for the year, a 2.5-percent increase over the $20,000. Thus, the
cost series reflects the influence of timing of changes during the
agreement term which the rate series does not reflect.
For a more detailed description of the compensation cost series and
how it compares with the compensation rate series, see Alvin Bauman, "A New
Measure of Compensation Cost Adjustments," Monthly Labor Review, August
1990, pp. 11-18.
Data on changes under settlements exclude potential increases or
decreases that may result from COLA clauses that are based on future
changes in the CPI unknown at the time of settlement. The data do,
however, include "guaranteed" COLA payments (those specified when the
agreement was reached and specified to be implemented later) because they
are not tied to subsequent price movements. Similarly, data on cost
changes exclude contingent lump-sum payments (such as those tied to future
profit levels or productivity increases) but include lump-sum payments
guaranteed by the settlement.
Estimates of changes are based on the assumption that conditions
existing at the time of settlement (e.g., composition of the labor force or
methods of funding pensions) will remain constant over the life of the
agreement.
Wage rate changes under all contracts
The series on all major collective bargaining contracts estimates
average wage rate changes during the reference period under settlements
reached during the calendar year as well as under major agreements reached
earlier and remaining in force during the period.
The average change under all contracts in force during a period is
computed by multiplying the percent change under each contract by the
number of workers covered, adding the products, and dividing the sum by the
total number of workers under all contracts.
The average rate change reflects net rate increases, decreases, and
zero changes during the reference period. Rate increases and decreases
stem from settlements in the calendar year that call for increases or
decreases during the period, from agreements reached earlier with increases
or decreases deferred to the period, and from COLA clauses. (Although wage
increases and decreases from COLA clauses are not incorporated into base
wage rates under all agreements, they are included in the wage rate change
measure for all contracts.)
Wage changes under COLA clauses are based on changes in the
Consumer Price Index for a review period designated in the agreement.
Data for 1994 are preliminary and may be revised if additional
information is obtained. Final data will be available in the Spring of
1995.
Additional historical information is available from the Office of
Compensation and Working Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Washington, DC 20212-0001.
Data on major public sector collective bargaining settlements are
developed separately and issued semi-annually. Data for the first half of
1994 are scheduled to be released in August 1994.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, TDD phone:
202-606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326-2577.
Major private industry collective bargaining
settlements data for the third quarter of 1994 and
for the year ended September 30, 1994 will be
released on October 25, 1994, at 10:00 AM (EDT).
Table 1. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages under current
and replaced private industry collective bargaining settlements covering
1,000 workers or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods
(in percent)
1992 1993 1994
Measure
III IV I II III IV I(2) II(3)
Quarterly averages
First year change(4)
Current settlements............... 2.9 1.8 2.5 2.5 1.1 2.8 3.1 2.3
Replaced settlements.............. 3.1 4.9 4.4 4.0 3.6 3.4 5.5 2.9
Annual change over the contract
term(5)
Current settlements............... 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.5 1.7 2.0 2.5 2.4
Replaced settlements.............. 2.8 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.0 2.2 3.7 3.0
Four quarters ended
First year change(4)
Current settlements............... 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3
Replaced settlements.............. 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.1 3.7 3.9 3.5
Annual change over the contract
term(5)
Current settlements............... 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1
Replaced settlements.............. 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.8
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. All measures exclude any
cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Preliminary revised.
3 Preliminary.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months
of the contract effective date.
5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual
rate over the life of the contract.
Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation
in private industry collective bargaining settlements, second
quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
(in percent)
Annual Number of
Measure First-year change over workers Number of
change(2) the contract (000's) settlements
term(3)
Wage changes in settlements
covering 1,000 workers or more:
All industries........................... 2.3 2.4 627 143
With COLA clauses...................... 3.2 2.7 181 30
Without COLA clauses................... 1.9 2.3 446 113
With lump-sum provisions............... 2.8 2.4 122 23
Without lump-sum provisions............ 2.2 2.4 505 120
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 3.1 2.6 247 48
With neither lump sums nor COLA........ 1.8 2.3 380 95
Manufacturing............................ 3.0 2.5 148 41
With COLA clauses...................... 3.3 2.7 108 24
Without COLA clauses................... 2.3 2.0 40 17
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 3.0 2.5 130 30
With neither lump sums nor COLA........ 3.4 2.5 18 11
Nonmanufacturing......................... 2.0 2.4 479 102
With COLA clauses...................... 3.1 2.7 73 6
Without COLA clauses................... 1.9 2.3 405 96
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 3.2 2.8 117 18
With neither lump sums nor COLA........ 1.7 2.2 362 84
Construction............................. 1.0 2.2 215 60
Contracts without COLA clauses......... 1.0 2.2 215 60
All industries excluding construction.... 3.0 2.5 412 83
Contracts with COLA clauses............ 3.2 2.7 181 30
Contracts without COLA clauses......... 2.8 2.4 231 53
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.. 2.9 2.5 264 42
Contracts with COLA clauses............ 3.1 2.7 73 6
Contracts without COLA clauses......... 2.9 2.4 191 36
Goods-producing.......................... 1.8 2.3 363 101
Service-producing........................ 2.9 2.5 264 42
Compensation changes in settlements
covering 5,000 workers or more:
All industries........................... 3.5 2.9 395 22
With COLA clauses...................... 6.0 3.9 134 7
Without COLA clauses................... 2.1 2.4 261 15
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 5.6 3.9 161 9
With neither lump sums nor COLA........ 1.9 2.3 234 13
Manufacturing............................ 4.6 3.5 78 6
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 4.6 3.5 78 6
Nonmanufacturing......................... 3.2 2.8 317 16
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 6.6 4.2 83 3
With neither lump sums nor COLA........ 1.9 2.3 234 13
Construction............................. (4) 1.4 120 9
All industries excluding construction.... 4.9 3.6 276 13
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.. 5.1 3.6 198 7
Goods-producing.......................... 1.8 2.3 198 15
Service-producing........................ 5.1 3.6 198 7
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or
not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum
payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
4 More than 0 and less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Other
detailed industry data do not meet publication standards for the third quarter of 1993.
Table 3. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and
compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements, four
quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
(in percent)
Annual Number of
Measure First-year change over workers Number of
change(2) the contract (000's) settlements
term(3)
Wage changes in settlements
covering 1,000 workers or more:
All industries........................... 2.3 2.1 2,109 362
With COLA clauses...................... 3.0 1.5 641 53
Without COLA clauses................... 2.0 2.3 1,468 309
With lump-sum provisions............... 2.8 1.9 1,071 94
Without lump-sum provisions............ 1.9 2.3 1,039 268
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 2.8 2.0 1,213 125
With neither lump sums nor COLA........ 1.6 2.2 897 237
Manufacturing............................ 2.7 1.5 761 106
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 2.7 1.4 653 69
With neither lump sums nor COLA........ 2.8 2.3 108 37
Nonmanufacturing......................... 2.1 2.4 1,349 256
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 3.0 2.8 560 56
With neither lump sums nor COLA........ 1.5 2.2 789 200
Construction............................. 1.6 2.4 380 124
All industries excluding construction.... 2.5 2.0 1,730 238
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.. 2.3 2.4 969 132
Goods-producing.......................... 2.4 1.8 1,212 234
Service-producing........................ 2.2 2.5 897 128
Compensation changes in settlements
covering 5,000 workers or more:
All industries........................... 3.1 2.4 1,513 68
With COLA clauses...................... 3.7 1.9 553 13
Without COLA clauses................... 2.8 2.7 960 55
With lump-sum provisions............... 3.3 2.2 918 27
Without lump-sum provisions............ 2.9 2.7 595 41
With either lump sums, COLA, or both... 3.6 2.4 1,005 32
With neither lump sums nor COLA........ 2.1 2.3 508 36
Manufacturing............................ 3.4 1.7 584 18
Nonmanufacturing......................... 2.9 2.8 929 50
Construction............................. 1.2 2.1 162 14
All industries excluding construction.... 3.3 2.4 1,351 54
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.. 3.3 3.0 767 36
Goods-producing.......................... 3.0 1.8 813 34
Service-producing........................ 3.2 3.1 699 34
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or
not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum
payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private
industry collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more
by change(1) in wages, four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994
(preliminary)
All Manu- Nonmanu-
industries facturing facturing
Measure
First-year change(2)
Number of workers (in thousands)....................... 2,109 761 1,349
Percent of workers
All settlements...................................... 100 100 100
No wage change.................................... 19 15 21
Decreases(3)...................................... 2 0 4
Increases......................................... 79 85 75
Under 2 percent................................ 8 2 11
2 and under 4 percent.......................... 48 68 36
4 percent and over ............................ 23 15 28
Changes (in percent):
Mean change.......................................... 2.3 2.7 2.1
Median change........................................ 3.0 3.1 3.0
Mean increase........................................ 3.2 3.2 3.3
Median increase...................................... 3.1 3.1 3.2
Annual change over the contract term(4)
Number of workers (in thousands)....................... 2,109 761 1,349
Percent of workers
All settlements...................................... 100 100 100
No wage change.................................... 8 6 8
Decreases(3)...................................... 1 0 1
Increases......................................... 92 94 91
Under 2 percent................................ 45 71 30
2 and under 3 percent.......................... 16 4 22
3 and under 4 percent.......................... 25 16 30
4 percent and over............................. 6 2 9
Changes (in percent):
Mean change.......................................... 2.1 1.5 2.4
Median change........................................ 1.9 1.0 2.2
Mean increase........................................ 2.3 1.6 2.7
Median increase...................................... 2.0 1.0 2.5
1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median
increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude lump-sum payments and
potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under
private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000
workers or more by change(1) in compensation, four quarters ended
with the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
Measure First-year change(2)
Total number of workers (in thousands)....... 1,513
Percent of workers
All settlements............................ 100
No change............................... 9
Decreases(3)............................ 4
Increases............................... 87
Under 2 percent...................... 16
2 and under 4 percent................ 35
4 percent and over................... 37
Changes (in percent):
Mean change................................ 3.1
Median change.............................. 3.2
Mean increase.............................. 3.8
Median increase............................ 3.6
Annual change over
the contract term(4)
Total number of workers (in thousands)....... 1,513
Percent of workers
All settlements............................ 100
No change............................... 2
Decreases(3)............................ 2
Increases............................... 96
Under 2 percent...................... 43
2 and under 3 percent................ 16
3 percent and over................... 37
Changes (in percent):
Mean change................................ 2.4
Median change.............................. 2.0
Mean increase.............................. 2.5
Median increase............................ 2.0
1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and
zero change. Mean and median increases refer to only those
settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit
lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective
within 12 months of the contract effective date.
3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as
an average annual rate over the life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items
may not equal totals.
Table 6. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under
construction collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or
more by change(1) in compensation and wages, four quarters ended with the
second quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
First-year change(2)
Measure
Compensation Wages alone
Total number of workers (in thousands)...................... 380 380
Percent of workers
All settlements........................................... 100 100
No change.............................................. 30 44
Decreases(3)........................................... 4 2
Increases.............................................. 66 54
Under 2 percent..................................... 17 15
2 and under 3 percent............................... 13 18
3 and under 4 percent............................... 20 5
4 and under 5 percent............................... 8 6
5 percent and over.................................. 8 10
Changes (in percent):
Mean change............................................... 2.0 1.6
Median change............................................. 1.9 1.1
Mean increase............................................. 3.3 3.4
Median increase........................................... 3.0 2.4
Annual change over the contract term(4)
Compensation Wages alone
Total number of workers (in thousands)...................... 380 380
Percent of workers
All settlements........................................... 100 100
No change.............................................. 6 10
Decreases(3)........................................... 3 2
Increases.............................................. 91 87
Under 2 percent..................................... 35 39
2 and under 3 percent............................... 18 14
3 and under 4 percent............................... 24 17
4 and under 5 percent............................... 9 8
5 percent and over.................................. 6 9
Changes (in percent):
Mean change............................................... 2.4 2.4
Median change............................................. 2.3 1.9
Mean increase............................................. 2.8 2.8
Median increase........................................... 2.6 2.4
1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median
increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit
lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 7. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering
1,000 workers or more, by duration of contract, four quarters ended with
the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
Contract duration
Measure More than More than
All 12 months 12 and 24 months 24 and 36 months More than
contracts or less less than less than 36 months
24 months 36 months
Number of settlements................... 362 34 17 20 57 136 98
Number of workers (in thousands)........ 2,109 86 43 72 309 853 748
Average contract duration (months)...... 37.0 11.9 13.9 24.0 33.2 36.0 45.1
Percent change in wages:(1)
Annualized over the contract term..... 2.1 2.0 0.9 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.5
Occurring in:
First contract year(2).............. 2.3 1.8 1.0 1.8 2.5 2.6 2.1
Second contract year(3)............. 1.9 NA 0.2 1.6 1.5 1.6 2.7
Third contract year(4).............. 2.1 NA NA NA 1.3 1.6 2.9
Fourth contract year(5)............. 1.9 NA NA NA NA NA 1.9
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA
clauses.
2 Data are not annualized.
3 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 12 months. Data are not annualized.
4 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 24 months. Data are not annualized.
5 Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 36 months. Data are not annualized.
NOTE: "NA" indicates not applicable. Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal
totals.
Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and
compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements, by
year and quarter
(in percent)
Annual Quarterly averages
averages
Measure
1992 1993 1994
1992 1993
III IV I II III IV I(2) II(3)
Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000
workers or more:
First year(4)
All industries........................ 2.7 2.3 2.9 1.8 2.5 2.5 1.1 2.8 3.1 2.3
With COLA clauses.................... 2.7 2.8 (5) 2.4 3.1 1.2 (5) (5) (5) 3.2
Without COLA clauses................. 2.7 2.1 (5) 1.4 2.1 2.7 (5) (5) (5) 1.9
With lump sums....................... 2.8 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.4 1.4 (5) (5) 2.5 2.8
Without lump sums.................... 2.6 2.0 2.8 0.9 2.6 2.9 (5) (5) 3.4 2.2
With either lump sums, COLA, or both. 2.8 2.6 3.1 2.8 2.4 1.5 2.5 2.9 2.5 3.1
With neither lump sums nor COLA...... 2.6 2.0 2.8 0.8 2.6 2.9 0.2 2.7 3.4 1.8
Manufacturing......................... 2.6 2.7 3.2 (5) 4.0 1.7 (5) (5) 1.4 3.0
With either lump sums, COLA, or both. 1.9 2.7 (5) (5) 4.2 1.1 (5) (5) 1.0 3.0
With neither lump sums nor COLA...... 3.4 2.9 (5) (5) 3.7 2.6 (5) (5) 2.7 3.4
Nonmanufacturing...................... 2.7 2.1 2.9 (5) 1.7 2.8 (5) (5) 3.5 2.0
With either lump sums, COLA, or both. 3.2 2.4 (5) (5) 0.9 2.0 (5) (5) 3.7 3.2
With neither lump sums nor COLA...... 2.5 1.8 (5) (5) 2.2 3.0 (5) (5) 3.4 1.7
Construction.......................... 2.0 2.1 1.1 (5) (5) 2.3 1.7 (5) (5) 1.0
All industries excluding construction. 2.9 2.4 3.5 (5) (5) 2.7 1.0 (5) (5) 3.0
Nonmanufacturing excluding
construction....................... 3.0 2.0 3.5 (5) (5) 3.4 (5) (5) (5) 2.9
Goods-producing....................... 2.3 2.6 1.9 2.1 3.6 2.1 (5) (5) 3.3 1.8
Service-producing..................... 3.0 2.0 3.5 1.6 1.5 3.4 (5) (5) 3.0 2.9
Annual average over the contract term(6)
All industries......................... 3.0 2.1 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.5 1.7 2.0 2.5 2.4
With COLA clauses..................... 2.5 1.4 (5) 2.9 3.0 0.9 (5) (5) (5) 2.7
Without COLA clauses.................. 3.1 2.5 (5) 2.3 2.6 2.7 (5) (5) (5) 2.3
With lump sums........................ 2.9 1.9 3.2 3.1 2.6 1.4 (5) (5) 1.7 2.4
Without lump sums..................... 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.2 2.8 2.8 (5) (5) 2.9 2.4
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. 2.9 1.9 3.2 2.9 2.6 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.7 2.6
With neither lump sums nor COLA....... 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.2 2.8 2.9 1.8 2.2 2.9 2.3
Manufacturing.......................... 2.6 1.5 3.0 (5) 3.5 1.3 (5) (5) 1.7 2.5
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. 2.0 1.3 (5) (5) 3.7 0.6 (5) (5) 1.3 2.5
With neither lump sums nor COLA....... 3.2 2.5 (5) (5) 3.2 2.4 (5) (5) 2.9 2.5
Nonmanufacturing....................... 3.0 2.5 3.1 (5) 2.3 2.8 (5) (5) 2.7 2.4
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. 3.2 2.6 (5) (5) 1.7 2.4 (5) (5) 2.0 2.8
With neither lump sums nor COLA....... 3.0 2.5 (5) (5) 2.7 2.9 (5) (5) 2.9 2.2
Construction........................... 2.4 2.6 2.0 (5) (5) 2.7 2.1 (5) (5) 2.2
All industries excluding construction.. 3.1 2.1 3.4 (5) (5) 2.4 1.6 (5) (5) 2.5
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction 3.3 2.5 3.4 (5) (5) 3.1 (5) (5) (5) 2.5
Goods-producing........................ 2.5 1.9 2.4 2.4 3.4 2.2 (5) (5) 2.9 2.3
Service-producing...................... 3.3 2.6 3.4 2.6 2.1 3.1 (5) (5) 2.2 2.5
Compensation changes in settlements
covering 5,000 workers or more:
All industries
First year(4)......................... 3.0 3.0 3.3 1.4 3.1 3.2 1.0 3.8 3.0 3.5
With COLA clauses.................... 4.1 3.2 (5) 3.3 4.3 1.7 (5) (5) - 6.0
Without COLA clauses................. 2.7 2.9 (5) -1.1 1.7 3.4 (5) (5) 3.0 2.1
Annual average over the contract
term(6)................................ 3.1 2.4 3.0 2.7 3.2 2.6 1.4 2.5 2.6 2.9
With COLA clauses................ 3.0 1.7 (5) 3.4 3.8 0.6 (5) (5) - 3.9
Without COLA clauses............. 3.2 2.8 (5) 1.8 2.4 2.9 (5) (5) 2.6 2.4
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or
not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum
payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Preliminary revised.
3 Preliminary.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract
effective date.
5 Data do not meet publication standards.
6 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life
of the contract.
- There were no settlements in this cell.
Table 9. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and
compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements during
4-quarter periods
(in percent)
Four quarters ended
Measure 1992 1993 1994
II III IV I II III IV I(2) II(3)
Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000
workers or more:
First year(4)
All industries........................ 3.2 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.3
With COLA clauses.................... 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.7 3.0
Without COLA clauses................. 3.2 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.5 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.0
With lump sums....................... 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.8
Without lump sums.................... 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.5 1.8 2.0 2.1 1.9
With either lump sums, COLA, or both. 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.8
With neither lump sums nor COLA...... 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.5 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.6
Manufacturing......................... 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.7
With either lump sums, COLA, or both. 3.0 2.7 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.7
With neither lump sums nor COLA...... 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.8
Nonmanufacturing...................... 3.2 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.5 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.1
With either lump sums, COLA, or both. 3.3 3.2 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.8 3.0
With neither lump sums nor COLA...... 3.2 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.4 1.5 1.8 2.0 1.5
Construction.......................... 2.3 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.4 1.6
All industries excluding construction. 3.4 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.7 1.9 2.4 2.4 2.5
Nonmanufacturing excluding
construction....................... 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.7 1.5 2.0 2.3 2.3
Goods-producing....................... 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.4
Service-producing..................... 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.7 1.5 2.0 2.2 2.2
Annual average over the contract term(5)
All industries......................... 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.1
With COLA clauses..................... 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.1 1.4 1.0 1.5
Without COLA clauses.................. 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3
With lump sums........................ 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.9
Without lump sums..................... 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.3
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.0
With neither lump sums nor COLA....... 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.2
Manufacturing.......................... 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.1 1.5 1.3 1.5
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.3 1.0 1.4
With neither lump sums nor COLA....... 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.3
Nonmanufacturing....................... 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.4
With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8
With neither lump sums nor COLA....... 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.2
Construction........................... 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.4
All industries excluding construction.. 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4
Goods-producing........................ 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.3 1.9 1.8 1.8
Service-producing...................... 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.5
Compensation changes in settlements
covering 5,000 workers or more:
All industries
First year(4)......................... 3.6 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.1 3.0 3.0 3.1
With COLA clauses.................... 3.5 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.0 3.2 (6) 3.7
Without COLA clauses................. 3.6 3.2 2.7 2.6 2.4 1.5 2.9 (6) 2.8
Annual average over the contract
term(5)................................ 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4
With COLA clauses................. 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.3 2.5 1.7 (6) 1.9
Without COLA clauses.............. 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.3 2.8 (6) 2.7
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether
or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit
lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2 Preliminary revised.
3 Preliminary.
4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the
contract effective date.
5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
contract term.
6 Data do not meet publication standards.
Table 10. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of
compensation and components annualized over the life of the contract(2) in
private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers
or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods
(in percent)
1992 1993 1994
Item II III IV I II III IV I(3) II(4)
Quarterly averages
All industries
Compensation .................. 2.3 2.3 1.2 1.9 1.8 0.9 1.8 2.0 1.9
Cash payments (5).............. 2.1 2.1 1.1 1.4 1.7 0.8 1.4 1.9 1.4
Wages.......................... 2.1 2.0 1.3 1.6 1.7 0.7 1.4 1.7 1.4
Benefits....................... 2.7 2.8 1.4 2.7 1.8 1.1 2.4 2.1 2.7
Four quarters ended
All industries
Compensation................... 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.7
Cash payments(5)............... 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3
Wages.......................... 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
Benefits....................... 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.3 1.7 2.1 2.0 2.2
With contingent pay provisions(6)
Compensation................... 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.7
Cash payments(5)............... 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3
Wages.......................... 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4
Benefits....................... 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.5 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.3
Without contingent pay
provisions(6)
Compensation................... 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.6
Cash payments(5)............... 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.3
Wages.......................... 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.1
Benefits....................... 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.5 2.3 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.1
Manufacturing
Compensation................... 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3
Cash payments(5)............... 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9
Wages.......................... 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1
Benefits....................... 2.0 2.5 3.4 3.3 2.7 1.4 1.6 1.5 2.0
Nonmanufacturing
Compensation................... 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.9 2.0 1.8
Cash payments(5)............... 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.5
Wages.......................... 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4
Benefits....................... 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.8 2.4 2.3 2.4
Goods-producing
Compensation................... 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4
Cash payments(5)............... 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.1
Wages.......................... 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.1
Benefits....................... 2.2 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8
Service-producing
Compensation................... 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.8 1.8 2.0
Cash payments(5)............... 2.3 2.3 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.6
Wages.......................... 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5
Benefits....................... 2.2 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.3 2.3 2.2 2.7
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and no change. Excludes potential changes from
contingent pay provisions.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over
the life of the contract.
3 Preliminary revised.
4 Preliminary.
5 Cash payments include wages and lump-sum payments.
6 Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump-sum payment clauses.
Data exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions.
Table 11. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of
compensation and components annualized over the life of the contract(2) in
private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers
or more, four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary)
(in percent)
Cash Number of
Measure Compen- Wages Benefits workers
sation payments(- (000's)
3)
All industries.......................... 1.7 1.3 1.3 2.2 1,513
With contingent pay provisions(4).... 1.7 1.3 1.4 2.3 796
Without contingent pay provisions(4). 1.6 1.3 1.1 2.1 717
Manufacturing........................... 1.3 0.9 1.1 2.0 584
Nonmanufacturing........................ 1.8 1.5 1.4 2.4 929
Goods-producing......................... 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.8 813
Service-producing....................... 2.0 1.6 1.5 2.7 699
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes potential changes from contingent
pay provisions.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
life of the contract.
3 Cash payments include wages and lump sum payments.
4 Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump sum payment clauses. Data
exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 12. Cost changes: Percent distribution of workers in
private industry collective bargaining settlements covering
5,000 workers or more, by average (mean) changes(1) in
compensation costs annualized over the life of the contract,(2)
four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994
(preliminary)
Measure All
industries
Total number of workers (in thousands)............ 1,513
Percent of workers
All settlements................................. 100
No change.................................... 0
Decreases(3)................................. 3
Increases.................................... 97
Under 1 percent........................... 32
1 and under 2 percent..................... 31
2 percent and over........................ 34
Changes (in percent):
Mean change (percent)........................... 1.7
Median change................................... 1.8
Mean increase (percent)...................... 1.8
Median increase.............................. 1.8
1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change.
Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provisions.
2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed
as an average annual (compound) rate over the life of the
contract.
3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items
may not equal totals.
Table 13. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private
industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000
workers or more, by year and quarter
(in percent)
Annual averages Quarterly averages
Item 1992 1993 1994
1992 1993
III IV I II III IV I(1) II(2)
Average wage rate change (3)............... 3.1 3.0 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.8
Source:
Current settlements...................... 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2
Prior settlements..................... 1.9 1.9 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.6
COLA provisions....................... 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 (4) (4) (4) 0.1
Industry
Manufacturing............................ 3.1 3.3 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.7
Nonmanufacturing...................... 3.1 2.8 1.1 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.9
Nonmanufacturing excluding
construction.............................. 3.0 2.8 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.7
Construction.......................... 3.4 2.7 0.8 0.1 0.3 1.6 0.7 0.1 0.3 1.5
Transportation and public utilities... 2.7 3.0 1.6 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.7
Wholesale and retail trade............ 3.5 2.3 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.7
Services.............................. 3.7 3.4 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.7 1.5 0.6 0.8 0.3
Goods-producing....................... 3.1 3.1 0.8 0.4 0.5 1.1 0.6 0.8 0.4 1.0
Service-producing..................... 3.0 2.8 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.7
Average wage rate increase(5).............. 3.7 3.5 2.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.7 2.5 1.6 2.3
Source:(6)
Current settlements...................... 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.6 2.7
Prior settlements..................... 3.8 3.4 3.6 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.2 2.6 3.3
COLA provisions....................... 2.0 1.3 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5
Number of workers receiving wage increases
(in thousands)(7)......................... 4,665.5 4,795.1 2,226.7 1,452.4 1,377.9 2,116.4 1,715.0 1,603.9 1,359.1 2,013.7
Source:
Current settlements...................... 1,292.3 1,671.7 526.3 387.4 221.8 358.9 359.5 883.9 139.3 408.9
Prior settlements..................... 2,817.8 2,999.2 949.9 325.1 535.4 1,121.2 1,163.0 377.0 581.3 962.8
COLA provisions....................... 1,036.3 872.2 929.4 775.8 666.9 661.8 273.4 720.5 700.1 652.0
Number of workers not receiving a wage
increase (in thousands)................... 853.9 681.0 3,292.6 4,067.0 4,098.2 3,359.7 3,761.2 3,872.2 4,071.9 3,417.4
1 Preliminary revised.
2 Preliminary.
3 Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, settlements reached in a prior
period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
4 More than 0 and less than 0.05 percent.
5 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources was a wage rate increase.
6 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source was a wage rate increase.
7 The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers received wage changes
from more than one source.
Table 14. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry
collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 workers or more during
4-quarter periods
(in percent)
Four quarters ended
Item 1992 1993 1994
III IV I II III IV I(1) II(2)
Average wage rate change (3)..... 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.7
Source:
Current settlements.......... 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.8
Prior settlements............ 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7
COLA provisions.............. 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
Industry
Manufacturing................ 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.9
Nonmanufacturing............. 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7
Nonmanufacturing excluding
construction................ 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.7
Construction................. 3.0 3.4 3.3 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7
Transportation and public
utilities................... 3.3 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.7
Wholesale and retail trade... 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.0 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.3
Services..................... 3.3 3.7 3.2 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.1
Goods-producing.............. 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.8
Service-producing............ 3.4 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.6
Average wage rate increase(4).... 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4
Source:(5)
Current settlements.......... 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.9
Prior settlements............ 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3
COLA provisions.............. 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.1
Number of workers receiving wage
increases (in thousands)(6)...... 4,748.4 4,665.5 4,630.8 4,528.5 4,468.8 4,795.1 4,691.5 4,573.0
Source:
Current settlements.......... 1,391.5 1,292.3 1,347.8 1,405.0 1,229.8 1,671.7 1,645.1 1,722.9
Prior settlements............ 2,973.4 2,817.8 2,706.0 2,785.0 2,965.9 2,999.2 2,989.1 2,888.2
COLA provisions.............. 1,063.9 1,036.3 1,067.4 1,064.2 921.2 872.2 841.0 843.0
Number of workers not receiving a
wage increase (in thousands)..... 852.2 853.9 888.7 991.0 1,050.7 681.0 784.7 903.1
1 Preliminary revised.
2 Preliminary.
3 Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements,
agreements reached in a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of
individual items may not equal totals.
4 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources was an
increase.
5 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source was an
increase.
6 The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers
received wage changes from more than one source.