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TEXT Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages under current Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of Cost changes: Percent distribution of workers in Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry Technical Information: Janice Devine (202) 606-6276 Fehmida Sleemi (202) 606-6282 1994 Media Contact: (202) 606-5902 USDL: 94-362 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. EDT Tuesday, July 26, MAJOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING SETTLEMENTS IN PRIVATE INDUSTRY, SECOND QUARTER 1994 Major collective bargaining settlements reached in private industry during the second quarter of 1994 called for annual changes in wage rates over the contract term that were lower, on average, than were specified in the agreements they replaced, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. With the exception of the third quarter of 1992, this relationship has existed since the first quarter of 1992. The Bureau's series on major collective bargaining statistics covers bargaining units of 1,000 or more workers. Wage rate changes under settlements Settlements in the second quarter of 1994 specified wage rate changes averaging an increase of 2.3 percent in the first year of the agreements and 2.4 percent annually over the term of the contracts. (See tables 1 and 2.) Corresponding changes in agreements they replaced (which were primarily negotiated in 1991) were increases of 2.9 percent and 3.0 percent. (Lump-sum payments and cost-of-living adjustments are not included in specified wage rate changes.) During the quarter, 143 settlements, covering 627,000 workers, were concluded. Settlements in construction, trucking, apparel manufacturing, food stores, and real estate accounted for three-fourths of the workers. Fifteen agreements, covering 98,000 workers, contained newly negotiated cash lump-sum provisions. Such provisions were maintained in seven agreements for 20,000 workers and discontinued in seven agreements for 23,000 workers. As of June 30, 1994, lump-sum provisions covered 42 percent of the 5.4 million workers under all major collective bargaining contracts in private industry, up from 39 percent at the end of 1993 and 36 percent at the end of 1992. From the end of 1987, when lump-sum information was first compiled, through the fourth quarter of 1991, lump-sum coverage was between 40 and 43 percent. Twenty-nine agreements reached in the second quarter of 1994, covering 177,000 workers, retained their cost-of-living adjustment clauses (COLAs), while one agreement for 4,000 workers added COLA coverage, and one agreement covering 1,000 workers dropped it. As of June 30, COLA provisions covered 24 percent of the 5.4 million workers under major collective bargaining contracts, the same as at the end of 1993, but down from 28 percent at the end of 1992 and 30 percent at the end of 1991. COLA coverage had been about 40 percent from 1987 through 1990. Workers under second-quarter settlements accounted for 30 percent of the 2.1 million workers under the 362 settlements reached in the 12 months ended June 30, 1994. (See table 3.) On average, settlements during this period specified a lower wage rate change over their term than the contracts being replaced--an annual increase of 2.1 percent compared with 2.8 percent. (See the chart.) This has been the pattern in all but one of the last nine 4-quarter periods. Over their term, agreements reached during the year ended June 30, specified wage rate increases for 92 percent of the workers and no wage change for almost all the other workers. (See table 4.) These contracts had the longest average duration--37 months--recorded since the Bureau of Labor Statistics began publishing this measure in 1972. (See table 7.) Fifty-eight percent of the workers under settlements reached during the 4-quarter period ended June 30, had either a cash lump-sum payment provision or a COLA clause or both. Their wage changes over the contract term averaged an increase of 2.0 percent annually compared with 2.2 percent for workers in settlements with neither provision. Lump-sum payments are not part of the ongoing rate structure and, therefore, are excluded from the rate data. Such payments, however, are included in measures of compensation cost changes discussed in the next section. Potential wage changes from COLA clauses depend on future price changes and, therefore, are excluded from both rate and cost data. (See the Explanatory Note.) Lump-sum payment and COLA provisions typically are negotiated more frequently for manufacturing than for nonmanufacturing workers. During the year ended June 30, cash lump-sum payment and/or COLA provisions covered 86 percent of the workers in manufacturing settlements compared with 42 percent in nonmanufacturing. For all manufacturing settlements, the wage rate change averaged an annual increase of 1.5 percent over the contract term. Settlements with cash lump-sum and/or COLA provisions called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 1.4 percent annually over the life of the agreement compared with 2.3 percent in settlements with neither provision. Nonmanufacturing settlements reached in the year ended June 30, called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 2.4 percent annually over their life. Contrary to the pattern in manufacturing, settlements with lump-sum and/or COLA provisions had higher annual wage changes than those with neither provision--an increase of 2.8 percent over the contract term compared with 2.2 percent. Compensation cost changes under settlements The BLS data on negotiated changes in employers' costs for employee compensation relate to settlements covering 5,000 or more workers. Compensation cost changes include specified (guaranteed) cash and benefit lump-sum payments and reflect both the size and timing of compensation rate changes. Lump-sum payments and the timing are not taken into account in the rate measure. See the Explanatory Note for a more detailed description of the cost series. Sixty-three percent of the 627,000 workers covered by all major settlements negotiated in the second quarter of 1994 were covered by settlements for 5,000 workers or more. These settlements provided total compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.9 percent annually over the life of the contract. (See table 10.) Annual cost changes over the contract term averaged 1.4 percent for both wages alone and cash payments (wages and cash lump-sum payments) to workers. Annual cost changes for benefits averaged 2.7 percent. Seventy-two percent (1.5 million) of the workers under all major settlements negotiated in the year ended June 30, 1994, were covered under settlements for 5,000 or more workers. These settlements provided total compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.7 percent annually over the contract term. Over the contract term, annual changes averaged increases of 1.3 percent for both wages alone and for cash payments (including wages and cash lump-sum payments) and 2.2 percent for benefit costs. Fifty-three percent of the workers under settlements for 5,000 or more workers reached in the year ended June 30, could receive compensation increases beyond those specified in the settlement from contingent pay provisions. Examples of such provisions include COLA clauses and lump-sum provisions that call for a payment only if company profits exceed a specified amount. Potential payments under these provisions are excluded from the series. Annual compensation cost changes over the contract term averaged an increase of 1.7 percent in settlements with contingent pay provisions and 1.6 percent in those without such provisions. (See table 11.) Wage rate changes under all major contracts In addition to data just presented on changes in rates and costs under settlements, the Bureau compiled information on wage rate changes during the second quarter of 1994 under all major contracts. (See table 13.) Wage changes averaged an increase of 0.8 percent--0.2 percent from settlements reached during the quarter, 0.6 percent from agreements reached earlier, and 0.1 percent from COLAs. Approximately 5.4 million workers were covered by these contracts. About 2 million workers had their wages increased, another 3.4 million workers were under major contracts in which wage rates remained the same during the second quarter, and 14,000 workers had wage decreases. Wage rate increases during the second quarter of 1994 stemmed from one or more of the following: 1) Settlements reached in 1994 which provided increases in the quarter averaging 2.7 percent for 409,000 workers; 2) contracts negotiated before 1994 that specified increases in the quarter averaging 3.3 percent for 963,000 workers; and 3) COLA provisions, which yielded average increases of 0.5 percent for 652,000 workers. About 117,000 additional workers had COLA reviews which did not produce a wage change, largely because movement in the BLS Consumer Price Index was insufficient to trigger one. COLA reviews during the second quarter of 1994 generated average wage rate changes that amounted to 68 percent of the CPI movement during the review period. Third-quarter 1994 activity During July-September 1994, 247,000 workers are under 76 major agreements scheduled to expire or reopen for wage negotiations. Just over 50 percent of these workers are in the apparel manufacturing, construction, services, and food store industries. In addition, there are 333,000 workers under 97 agreements that expired or were reopened, but had not been renegotiated or ratified prior to July 1, 1994. Forty-seven percent of these workers are employed in the construction industry or involved in the manufacture of electrical, primary metal, or food products. In the third quarter, 1,157,000 workers are scheduled for wage increases averaging 3.5 percent under provisions of agreements negotiated prior to 1994, and about 88,000 are slated for increases averaging 3.4 percent under agreements reached during 1994. COLA reviews are scheduled for 821,000 workers during the quarter. EXPLANATORY NOTE ABOUT THE DATA This release covers major collective bargaining units--those with 1,000 or more workers--in private nonfarm industries. It is limited to production and related workers in manufacturing and nonsupervisory workers in nonmanufacturing. About 7.1 percent of the employed production and nonsupervisory workers in private industry (excluding households) are covered by a major bargaining agreement. Wage and compensation changes under settlements The series on major collective bargaining settlements estimates how much wage and compensation rates and compensation costs will change from existing levels as a result of new collective bargaining agreements reached during specified reference periods. Compensation rates include: Straight-time pay for time worked; premium pay for overtime, weekend, holiday, and shift work; paid leave; life, health, and sickness and accident insurance; pension and other retirement plans; severance pay; and legally required benefits. Compensation rates exclude lump-sum payments because they are not part of the ongoing rate structure. Compensation costs include: All items covered by compensation rates plus specified cash and benefit lump-sum payments, which are excluded from rate data. Wage and compensation rate changes: The rate change for a settlement is the percent difference between the average rate just prior to the start of a new agreement and the average rate that would exist at the end of the first 365 days of the new agreement (first year measure) or at its expiration date (over-the-life measure). (The over-the-life measure is expressed as an annual average change.) The average rate change for all settlements is calculated by first multiplying the rate change for each settlement by the number of workers under the settlement. Next, the resulting products are summed, and the sum is divided by the total number of workers under all settlements. The result is the average change for all settlements. Compensation cost changes: The compensation cost change for a settlement is the percent difference between the average cost of compensation per work hour (including the hourly cost of lump-sum payments made during the term of the expiring agreement) just prior to the start of a new agreement and the average cost of compensation per work hour under the settlement. The average cost of compensation under the settlement is calculated in two steps, as follows: 1) Each hourly compensation rate (excluding lump-sum payments) is multiplied by the number of hours it is to be paid during the agreement; the products are summed; and the total is divided by the number of work hours over the agreement term. The result is the cost per work hour of compensation excluding specified lump-sum payments. 2) The cost per work hour of specified lump-sum payments is computed by dividing the total amount of any cash and benefit lump sums by the total number of work hours over the agreement term. The sum of the results of steps 1 and 2 is the estimated average cost of compensation per work hour over the term of the new agreement. The percent difference between this amount and the average cost at the end of the expiring agreement is the average cost change under the settlement. The average cost change under all settlements is calculated by multiplying the percent change in cost under each settlement by the number of workers under the settlement. The results are summed, and the sum is divided by the total number of workers under all settlements. The following example illustrates one of the major differences between the compensation rate series and the compensation cost series. Two agreements (A and B) expire. At expiration, compensation under each agreement is $10 an hour. The agreements are replaced by new settlements that run for 1 year. The settlement replacing agreement A immediately increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour. The settlement replacing agreement B leaves compensation unchanged for the first 6 months and then increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour. The rate series measures the size of each settlement by calculating the difference between compensation at the expiration of the old agreement and compensation at the expiration of the new agreement and computing the percent change. Thus, it measures each settlement as providing a 5-percent ($.50/$10) compensation rate increase over the 1 year term. The cost series measures the size of each settlement by comparing employer costs for compensation under the settlement with what they were under the expiring agreement just before it was renegotiated as follows: When each agreement expired, an employee who worked 2,000 hours over the year would cost the employer $20,000 (2,000 hours at $10). Under the settlement replacing agreement A (with the immediate increase), the employer would pay for 2,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $21,000 for the year, a 5-percent increase over the $20,000. Under the settlement replacing agreement B (with the delayed increase), the employer would pay for 1,000 hours at $10 an hour and for 1,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $20,500 for the year, a 2.5-percent increase over the $20,000. Thus, the cost series reflects the influence of timing of changes during the agreement term which the rate series does not reflect. For a more detailed description of the compensation cost series and how it compares with the compensation rate series, see Alvin Bauman, "A New Measure of Compensation Cost Adjustments," Monthly Labor Review, August 1990, pp. 11-18. Data on changes under settlements exclude potential increases or decreases that may result from COLA clauses that are based on future changes in the CPI unknown at the time of settlement. The data do, however, include "guaranteed" COLA payments (those specified when the agreement was reached and specified to be implemented later) because they are not tied to subsequent price movements. Similarly, data on cost changes exclude contingent lump-sum payments (such as those tied to future profit levels or productivity increases) but include lump-sum payments guaranteed by the settlement. Estimates of changes are based on the assumption that conditions existing at the time of settlement (e.g., composition of the labor force or methods of funding pensions) will remain constant over the life of the agreement. Wage rate changes under all contracts The average reached earlier series on all major collective bargaining contracts estimates wage rate changes during the reference period under settlements during the calendar year as well as under major agreements reached and remaining in force during the period. The average change under all contracts in force during a period is computed by multiplying the percent change under each contract by the number of workers covered, adding the products, and dividing the sum by the total number of workers under all contracts. The average rate change reflects net rate increases, decreases, and zero changes during the reference period. Rate increases and decreases stem from settlements in the calendar year that call for increases or decreases during the period, from agreements reached earlier with increases or decreases deferred to the period, and from COLA clauses. (Although wage increases and decreases from COLA clauses are not incorporated into base wage rates under all agreements, they are included in the wage rate change measure for all contracts.) Wage changes under COLA clauses are based on changes in the Consumer Price Index for a review period designated in the agreement. Data for 1994 are preliminary and may be revised if additional information is obtained. Final data will be available in the Spring of 1995. Additional historical information is available from the Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212-0001. Data on major public sector collective bargaining settlements are developed separately and issued semi-annually. Data for the first half of 1994 are scheduled to be released in August 1994. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, TDD phone: 202-606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326-2577. Major private industry collective bargaining settlements data for the third quarter of 1994 and for the year ended September 30, 1994 will be released on October 25, 1994, at 10:00 AM (EDT). Table 1. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages under current and replaced private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods (in percent) 1992 1993 1994 Measure III IV I II III IV I(2) II(3) Quarterly averages First year change(4) Current settlements............... Replaced settlements.............. Annual change over the contract term(5) Current settlements............... Replaced settlements.............. 2.9 3.1 1.8 4.9 2.5 4.4 2.5 4.0 1.1 3.6 2.8 3.4 3.1 5.5 2.3 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.6 4.0 2.7 3.8 2.5 3.5 1.7 3.0 2.0 2.2 2.5 3.7 2.4 3.0 Four quarters ended First year change(4) Current settlements............... Replaced settlements.............. Annual change over the contract term(5) Current settlements............... Replaced settlements.............. 3.1 3.3 2.7 3.6 2.6 3.6 2.5 3.9 2.0 4.1 2.3 3.7 2.4 3.9 2.3 3.5 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.4 2.9 3.3 2.7 3.4 2.3 3.5 2.1 2.9 2.1 2.9 2.1 2.8 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Preliminary revised. 3 Preliminary. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements, second quarter of 1994 (preliminary) (in percent) Measure First-year change(2) Annual change over the contract term(3) Number of workers (000's) Number of settlements Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000 workers or more: All industries........................... With COLA clauses...................... Without COLA clauses................... With lump-sum provisions............... Without lump-sum provisions............ With either lump sums, COLA, or both... With neither lump sums nor COLA........ Manufacturing............................ With COLA clauses...................... Without COLA clauses................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both... With neither lump sums nor COLA........ Nonmanufacturing......................... With COLA clauses...................... Without COLA clauses................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both... With neither lump sums nor COLA........ Construction............................. Contracts without COLA clauses......... All industries excluding construction.... Contracts with COLA clauses............ Contracts without COLA clauses......... Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.. Contracts with COLA clauses............ Contracts without COLA clauses......... Goods-producing.......................... Service-producing........................ 2.3 3.2 1.9 2.8 2.2 3.1 1.8 3.0 3.3 2.3 3.0 3.4 2.0 3.1 1.9 3.2 1.7 1.0 1.0 3.0 3.2 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.9 1.8 2.9 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.5 627 181 446 122 505 247 380 148 108 40 130 18 479 73 405 117 362 215 215 412 181 231 264 73 191 363 264 143 30 113 23 120 48 95 41 24 17 30 11 102 6 96 18 84 60 60 83 30 53 42 6 36 101 42 Compensation changes in settlements covering 5,000 workers or more: All industries........................... With COLA clauses...................... Without COLA clauses................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both... With neither lump sums nor COLA........ Manufacturing............................ With either lump sums, COLA, or both... Nonmanufacturing......................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both... With neither lump sums nor COLA........ Construction............................. All industries excluding construction.... Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.. 3.5 6.0 2.1 5.6 1.9 4.6 4.6 3.2 6.6 1.9 (4) 4.9 5.1 2.9 3.9 2.4 3.9 2.3 3.5 3.5 2.8 4.2 2.3 1.4 3.6 3.6 395 134 261 161 234 78 78 317 83 234 120 276 198 22 7 15 9 13 6 6 16 3 13 9 13 7 Goods-producing.......................... Service-producing........................ 1.8 5.1 2.3 3.6 198 198 15 7 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. 4 More than 0 and less than 0.05 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Other detailed industry data do not meet publication standards for the third quarter of 1993. Table 3. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements, four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary) (in percent) Measure Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000 workers or more: All industries........................... With COLA clauses...................... Without COLA clauses................... With lump-sum provisions............... Without lump-sum provisions............ With either lump sums, COLA, or both... With neither lump sums nor COLA........ Manufacturing............................ With either lump sums, COLA, or both... With neither lump sums nor COLA........ Nonmanufacturing......................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both... With neither lump sums nor COLA........ Construction............................. All industries excluding construction.... Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.. First-year change(2) Annual change over the contract term(3) Number of workers (000's) Number of settlements 2.3 3.0 2.0 2.8 1.9 2.8 1.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.1 3.0 1.5 1.6 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.5 2.3 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.5 1.4 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.4 2,109 641 1,468 1,071 1,039 1,213 897 761 653 108 1,349 560 789 380 1,730 969 362 53 309 94 268 125 237 106 69 37 256 56 200 124 238 132 Goods-producing.......................... Service-producing........................ 2.4 2.2 1.8 2.5 1,212 897 234 128 Compensation changes in settlements covering 5,000 workers or more: All industries........................... With COLA clauses...................... Without COLA clauses................... With lump-sum provisions............... Without lump-sum provisions............ With either lump sums, COLA, or both... With neither lump sums nor COLA........ Manufacturing............................ Nonmanufacturing......................... Construction............................. All industries excluding construction.... Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.. Goods-producing.......................... Service-producing........................ 3.1 3.7 2.8 3.3 2.9 3.6 2.1 3.4 2.9 1.2 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.2 2.4 1.9 2.7 2.2 2.7 2.4 2.3 1.7 2.8 2.1 2.4 3.0 1.8 3.1 1,513 553 960 918 595 1,005 508 584 929 162 1,351 767 813 699 68 13 55 27 41 32 36 18 50 14 54 36 34 34 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change(1) in wages, four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary) All industries Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Measure First-year change(2) Number of workers (in thousands)....................... 2,109 761 1,349 Percent of workers All settlements...................................... 100 100 100 No wage change.................................... Decreases(3)...................................... Increases......................................... Under 2 percent................................ 2 and under 4 percent.......................... 4 percent and over ............................ 19 2 79 8 48 23 15 0 85 2 68 15 21 4 75 11 36 28 Changes (in percent): Mean change.......................................... Median change........................................ 2.3 3.0 2.7 3.1 2.1 3.0 Mean increase........................................ Median increase...................................... 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2 Annual change over the contract term(4) Number of workers (in thousands)....................... 2,109 761 1,349 Percent of workers All settlements...................................... 100 100 100 No wage change.................................... Decreases(3)...................................... Increases......................................... Under 2 percent................................ 2 and under 3 percent.......................... 3 and under 4 percent.......................... 4 percent and over............................. 8 1 92 45 16 25 6 6 0 94 71 4 16 2 8 1 91 30 22 30 9 Changes (in percent): Mean change.......................................... Median change........................................ 2.1 1.9 1.5 1.0 2.4 2.2 Mean increase........................................ Median increase...................................... 2.3 2.0 1.6 1.0 2.7 2.5 1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more by change(1) in compensation, four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary) Measure First-year change(2) Total number of workers (in thousands)....... 1,513 Percent of workers All settlements............................ 100 No change............................... Decreases(3)............................ Increases............................... Under 2 percent...................... 2 and under 4 percent................ 4 percent and over................... 9 4 87 16 35 37 Changes (in percent): Mean change................................ Median change.............................. 3.1 3.2 Mean increase.............................. Median increase............................ 3.8 3.6 Annual change over the contract term(4) Total number of workers (in thousands)....... Percent of workers 1,513 All settlements............................ 100 No change............................... Decreases(3)............................ Increases............................... Under 2 percent...................... 2 and under 3 percent................ 3 percent and over................... 2 2 96 43 16 37 Changes (in percent): Mean change................................ Median change.............................. 2.4 2.0 Mean increase.............................. Median increase............................ 2.5 2.0 1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 6. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change(1) in compensation and wages, four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary) First-year change(2) Measure Compensation Total number of workers (in thousands)...................... Percent of workers 380 Wages alone 380 All settlements........................................... 100 100 No change.............................................. Decreases(3)........................................... Increases.............................................. Under 2 percent..................................... 2 and under 3 percent............................... 3 and under 4 percent............................... 4 and under 5 percent............................... 5 percent and over.................................. 30 4 66 17 13 20 8 8 44 2 54 15 18 5 6 10 Changes (in percent): Mean change............................................... Median change............................................. 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.1 Mean increase............................................. Median increase........................................... 3.3 3.0 3.4 2.4 Annual change over the contract term(4) Compensation Total number of workers (in thousands)...................... 380 Wages alone 380 Percent of workers All settlements........................................... 100 100 No change.............................................. Decreases(3)........................................... Increases.............................................. Under 2 percent..................................... 2 and under 3 percent............................... 3 and under 4 percent............................... 4 and under 5 percent............................... 5 percent and over.................................. 6 3 91 35 18 24 9 6 10 2 87 39 14 17 8 9 Changes (in percent): Mean change............................................... Median change............................................. 2.4 2.3 2.4 1.9 Mean increase............................................. 2.8 2.8 Median increase........................................... 2.6 2.4 1 Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 7. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of contract, four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary) Contract duration Measure All contracts 12 months or less More than 12 and less than 24 months 24 months More than 24 and less than 36 months 36 months More than 36 months Number of settlements................... 362 34 17 20 57 136 98 Number of workers (in thousands)........ 2,109 86 43 72 309 853 748 Average contract duration (months)...... 37.0 11.9 13.9 24.0 33.2 36.0 45.1 Annualized over the contract term..... 2.1 2.0 0.9 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.5 Occurring in: First contract year(2).............. Second contract year(3)............. Third contract year(4).............. Fourth contract year(5)............. 2.3 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.8 NA NA NA 1.0 0.2 NA NA 1.8 1.6 NA NA 2.5 1.5 1.3 NA 2.6 1.6 1.6 NA 2.1 2.7 2.9 1.9 Percent change in wages:(1) 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. clauses. 2 Data are not annualized. Excludes lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA 3 Average is based only on settlements with a 4 Average is based only on settlements with a 5 Average is based only on settlements with a NOTE: "NA" indicates not applicable. Because totals. duration greater than 12 months. Data are duration greater than 24 months. Data are duration greater than 36 months. Data are of rounding, sums of individual employment not annualized. not annualized. not annualized. items may not equal Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements, by year and quarter (in percent) Annual averages Quarterly averages Measure 1992 1992 Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000 workers or more: First year(4) All industries........................ With COLA clauses.................... Without COLA clauses................. With lump sums....................... Without lump sums.................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both. With neither lump sums nor COLA...... Manufacturing......................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both. With neither lump sums nor COLA...... Nonmanufacturing...................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both. With neither lump sums nor COLA...... Construction.......................... All industries excluding construction. Nonmanufacturing excluding construction....................... Goods-producing....................... Service-producing..................... 1993 1994 1993 III IV I II III IV I(2) II(3) 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.6 1.9 3.4 2.7 3.2 2.5 2.0 2.9 2.3 2.8 2.1 2.6 2.0 2.6 2.0 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.1 2.4 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.9 (5) (5) 3.1 2.8 3.1 2.8 3.2 (5) (5) 2.9 (5) (5) 1.1 3.5 1.8 2.4 1.4 2.9 0.9 2.8 0.8 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 2.5 3.1 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.6 4.0 4.2 3.7 1.7 0.9 2.2 (5) (5) 2.5 1.2 2.7 1.4 2.9 1.5 2.9 1.7 1.1 2.6 2.8 2.0 3.0 2.3 2.7 1.1 (5) (5) (5) (5) 2.5 0.2 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 1.7 1.0 2.8 (5) (5) (5) (5) 2.9 2.7 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 3.1 (5) (5) 2.5 3.4 2.5 3.4 1.4 1.0 2.7 3.5 3.7 3.4 (5) (5) 2.3 3.2 1.9 2.8 2.2 3.1 1.8 3.0 3.0 3.4 2.0 3.2 1.7 1.0 3.0 3.0 2.3 3.0 2.0 2.6 2.0 3.5 1.9 3.5 (5) 2.1 1.6 (5) 3.6 1.5 3.4 2.1 3.4 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 3.3 3.0 2.9 1.8 2.9 Annual average over the contract term(6) All industries......................... With COLA clauses..................... Without COLA clauses.................. With lump sums........................ Without lump sums..................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. With neither lump sums nor COLA....... Manufacturing.......................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. With neither lump sums nor COLA....... Nonmanufacturing....................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. With neither lump sums nor COLA....... Construction........................... All industries excluding construction.. Nonmanufacturing excluding construction Goods-producing........................ Service-producing...................... Compensation changes in settlements covering 5,000 workers or more: All industries First year(4)......................... With COLA clauses.................... Without COLA clauses................. Annual average over the contract term(6)................................ With COLA clauses................ Without COLA clauses............. 3.0 2.5 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.0 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.0 2.4 3.1 3.3 2.5 3.3 2.1 1.4 2.5 1.9 2.5 1.9 2.5 1.5 1.3 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.1 2.5 1.9 2.6 3.1 (5) (5) 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 (5) (5) 3.1 (5) (5) 2.0 3.4 3.4 2.4 3.4 2.6 2.9 2.3 3.1 2.2 2.9 2.2 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 2.4 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.8 3.5 3.7 3.2 2.3 1.7 2.7 (5) (5) (5) 3.4 2.1 2.5 0.9 2.7 1.4 2.8 1.5 2.9 1.3 0.6 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.4 3.1 2.2 3.1 1.7 (5) (5) (5) (5) 1.5 1.8 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 2.1 1.6 (5) (5) (5) 2.0 (5) (5) (5) (5) 1.9 2.2 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 2.5 (5) (5) 1.7 2.9 1.7 2.9 1.7 1.3 2.9 2.7 2.0 2.9 (5) (5) (5) 2.9 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.5 3.0 4.1 2.7 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.3 (5) (5) 1.4 3.3 -1.1 3.1 4.3 1.7 3.2 1.7 3.4 1.0 (5) (5) 3.8 (5) (5) 3.0 3.0 3.5 6.0 2.1 3.1 3.0 3.2 2.4 1.7 2.8 3.0 (5) (5) 2.7 3.4 1.8 3.2 3.8 2.4 2.6 0.6 2.9 1.4 (5) (5) 2.5 (5) (5) 2.6 2.6 2.9 3.9 2.4 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Preliminary revised. 3 Preliminary. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 5 Data do not meet publication standards. 6 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. - There were no settlements in this cell. Table 9. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in wages and compensation in private industry collective bargaining settlements during 4-quarter periods (in percent) Four quarters ended Measure 1992 II Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000 workers or more: First year(4) All industries........................ With COLA clauses.................... Without COLA clauses................. With lump sums....................... Without lump sums.................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both. With neither lump sums nor COLA...... Manufacturing......................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both. With neither lump sums nor COLA...... Nonmanufacturing...................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both. With neither lump sums nor COLA...... Construction.......................... All industries excluding construction. Nonmanufacturing excluding construction....................... Goods-producing....................... Service-producing..................... Annual average over the contract term(5) All industries......................... With COLA clauses..................... Without COLA clauses.................. With lump sums........................ Without lump sums..................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. With neither lump sums nor COLA....... Manufacturing.......................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. III 1993 IV I II 1994 III IV I(2) II(3) 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 2.3 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.7 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.0 3.4 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.6 1.9 3.4 2.7 3.2 2.5 2.0 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.4 3.4 2.6 2.8 2.4 1.9 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.3 3.3 2.5 2.7 2.4 1.8 2.7 2.0 2.5 1.8 2.3 1.8 2.3 1.7 2.5 2.3 3.1 1.7 2.3 1.5 2.0 1.9 2.3 2.8 2.1 2.6 2.0 2.6 2.0 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.1 2.4 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.1 2.6 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.8 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.3 3.0 2.0 2.8 1.9 2.8 1.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.1 3.0 1.5 1.6 2.5 3.5 2.8 3.5 3.5 2.5 3.5 3.0 2.3 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.7 1.5 2.3 1.5 2.0 2.6 2.0 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.2 3.1 2.6 3.2 2.7 3.2 2.8 3.2 2.7 2.4 3.1 2.6 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.1 2.7 2.3 3.0 2.5 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.0 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.1 1.8 2.1 1.4 2.5 1.9 2.5 1.9 2.5 1.5 1.3 2.1 1.0 2.5 1.8 2.5 1.8 2.5 1.3 1.0 2.1 1.5 2.3 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.5 1.4 With neither lump sums nor COLA....... Nonmanufacturing....................... With either lump sums, COLA, or both.. With neither lump sums nor COLA....... Construction........................... All industries excluding construction.. Nonmanufacturing excluding construction Goods-producing........................ Service-producing...................... Compensation changes in settlements covering 5,000 workers or more: All industries First year(4)......................... With COLA clauses.................... Without COLA clauses................. Annual average over the contract term(5)................................ With COLA clauses................. Without COLA clauses.............. 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.3 2.7 3.2 3.4 2.7 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.1 2.5 3.2 3.4 2.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.0 2.4 3.1 3.3 2.5 3.3 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.5 3.0 3.1 2.6 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.9 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.9 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.1 2.5 1.9 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.0 2.5 1.8 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.4 1.8 2.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 4.3 3.2 3.0 4.1 2.7 3.0 4.2 2.6 2.9 4.2 2.4 2.1 3.0 1.5 3.0 3.2 2.9 3.0 (6) (6) 3.1 3.7 2.8 3.2 2.7 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.0 2.9 3.3 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 1.7 2.8 2.3 (6) (6) 2.4 1.9 2.7 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2 Preliminary revised. 3 Preliminary. 4 Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract effective date. 5 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the contract term. 6 Data do not meet publication standards. Table 10. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components annualized over the life of the contract(2) in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods (in percent) 1992 Item II III 1993 IV I II III 1994 IV I(3) II(4) Quarterly averages All industries Compensation .................. Cash payments (5).............. Wages.......................... Benefits....................... 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.7 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.8 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.6 2.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.4 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.4 1.4 2.7 Four quarters ended All industries Compensation................... Cash payments(5)............... Wages.......................... Benefits....................... With contingent pay provisions(6) Compensation................... Cash payments(5)............... Wages.......................... Benefits....................... Without contingent pay provisions(6) Compensation................... Cash payments(5)............... Wages.......................... Benefits....................... Manufacturing Compensation................... Cash payments(5)............... Wages.......................... Benefits....................... Nonmanufacturing Compensation................... Cash payments(5)............... Wages.......................... Benefits....................... Goods-producing Compensation................... Cash payments(5)............... 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.6 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.6 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.5 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.3 2.1 1.6 1.3 1.3 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.3 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.4 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.9 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.7 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.5 1.9 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.4 1.3 2.1 1.8 1.6 1.4 2.2 1.6 1.3 1.1 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 2.5 2.1 1.5 1.7 3.4 2.1 1.6 2.0 3.3 1.8 1.3 1.7 2.7 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.5 1.3 0.9 1.1 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.8 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.5 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 2.3 1.8 1.5 1.4 2.4 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.1 Wages.......................... Benefits....................... Service-producing Compensation................... Cash payments(5)............... Wages.......................... Benefits....................... 1.9 2.2 1.6 2.4 1.6 2.8 1.8 2.9 1.8 2.7 1.5 2.1 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.8 1.1 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.7 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.8 1.5 1.5 2.3 1.8 1.6 1.5 2.2 2.0 1.6 1.5 2.7 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and no change. Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provisions. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. 3 Preliminary revised. 4 Preliminary. 5 Cash payments include wages and lump-sum payments. 6 Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump-sum payment clauses. Data exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions. Table 11. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes(1) in the cost of compensation and components annualized over the life of the contract(2) in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary) (in percent) Measure Cash Compensation payments(3) Wages Benefits Number of workers (000's) All industries.......................... 1.7 1.3 1.3 2.2 1,513 With contingent pay provisions(4).... Without contingent pay provisions(4). 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 2.3 2.1 796 717 Manufacturing........................... 1.3 0.9 1.1 2.0 584 Nonmanufacturing........................ 1.8 1.5 1.4 2.4 929 Goods-producing......................... 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.8 813 Service-producing....................... 2.0 1.6 1.5 2.7 699 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provisions. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the life of the contract. 3 Cash payments include wages and lump sum payments. 4 Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump sum payment clauses. Data exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 12. Cost changes: Percent distribution of workers in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, by average (mean) changes(1) in compensation costs annualized over the life of the contract,(2) four quarters ended with the second quarter of 1994 (preliminary) Measure All industries Total number of workers (in thousands)............ 1,513 Percent of workers All settlements................................. 100 No change.................................... Decreases(3)................................. Increases.................................... 0 3 97 Under 1 percent........................... 1 and under 2 percent..................... 2 percent and over........................ 32 31 34 Changes (in percent): Mean change (percent)........................... Median change................................... 1.7 1.8 Mean increase (percent)...................... Median increase.............................. 1.8 1.8 1 Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provisions. 2 Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual (compound) rate over the life of the contract. 3 Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 13. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 workers or more, by year and quarter (in percent) Annual averages Quarterly averages Item 1992 1992 1993 1994 1993 III IV I II III IV I(1) II(2) Average wage rate change (3)............... 3.1 3.0 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.8 Source: Current settlements...................... Prior settlements..................... COLA provisions....................... 0.8 1.9 0.4 0.9 1.9 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.6 (4) 0.5 0.2 (4) 0.1 0.3 (4) 0.2 0.6 0.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 2.8 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.9 3.0 3.4 2.7 3.5 3.7 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.3 3.4 1.2 0.8 1.6 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.1 0.3 1.5 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.5 0.7 0.7 0.3 Industry Manufacturing............................ Nonmanufacturing...................... Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.............................. Construction.......................... Transportation and public utilities... Wholesale and retail trade............ Services.............................. Goods-producing....................... Service-producing..................... 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.8 0.8 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.7 Average wage rate increase(5).............. 3.7 3.5 2.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.7 2.5 1.6 2.3 Source:(6) Current settlements...................... Prior settlements..................... COLA provisions....................... 3.6 3.8 2.0 3.2 3.4 1.3 3.2 3.6 0.7 3.1 2.9 0.7 3.0 3.1 0.5 3.0 3.3 0.7 2.7 3.0 0.5 2.9 3.2 0.3 3.6 2.6 0.3 2.7 3.3 0.5 Number of workers receiving wage increases (in thousands)(7)......................... 4,665.5 4,795.1 2,226.7 1,452.4 1,377.9 2,116.4 1,715.0 1,603.9 1,359.1 2,013.7 Source: Current settlements...................... 1,292.3 1,671.7 Prior settlements..................... 2,817.8 2,999.2 COLA provisions....................... 1,036.3 872.2 Number of workers not receiving a wage increase (in thousands)................... 853.9 526.3 949.9 929.4 387.4 325.1 775.8 221.8 358.9 359.5 535.4 1,121.2 1,163.0 666.9 661.8 273.4 883.9 377.0 720.5 139.3 581.3 700.1 408.9 962.8 652.0 681.0 3,292.6 4,067.0 4,098.2 3,359.7 3,761.2 3,872.2 4,071.9 3,417.4 1 Preliminary revised. 2 Preliminary. 3 Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, settlements reached in a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 4 More than 0 and less than 0.05 percent. 5 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources was a wage rate increase. 6 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source was a wage rate increase. 7 The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers received wage changes from more than one source. Table 14. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 workers or more during 4-quarter periods (in percent) Four quarters ended Item 1992 1993 1994 III IV I II III IV I(1) II(2) Average wage rate change (3)..... 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.7 Source: Current settlements.......... Prior settlements............ COLA provisions.............. 0.9 1.9 0.4 0.8 1.9 0.4 0.8 1.8 0.4 0.7 1.8 0.4 0.6 1.8 0.3 0.9 1.9 0.2 0.9 1.8 0.2 0.8 1.7 0.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.6 3.3 2.8 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.7 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.4 2.9 3.3 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.4 2.7 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.4 3.8 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.3 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.5 3.5 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.3 3.1 2.8 2.6 Average wage rate increase(4).... 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 Source:(5) Current settlements.......... Prior settlements............ COLA provisions.............. 3.6 3.7 2.1 3.6 3.8 2.0 3.5 3.7 2.0 3.1 3.5 2.0 3.0 3.3 1.8 3.2 3.4 1.3 3.1 3.3 1.2 2.9 3.3 1.1 Industry Manufacturing................ Nonmanufacturing............. Nonmanufacturing excluding construction................ Construction................. Transportation and public utilities................... Wholesale and retail trade... Services..................... Goods-producing.............. Service-producing............ Number of workers receiving wage increases (in thousands)(6)...... 4,748.4 4,665.5 4,630.8 4,528.5 4,468.8 4,795.1 4,691.5 4,573.0 Source: Current settlements.......... 1,391.5 1,292.3 1,347.8 1,405.0 1,229.8 1,671.7 1,645.1 1,722.9 Prior settlements............ 2,973.4 2,817.8 2,706.0 2,785.0 2,965.9 2,999.2 2,989.1 2,888.2 COLA provisions.............. 1,063.9 1,036.3 1,067.4 1,064.2 921.2 872.2 841.0 843.0 Number of workers not receiving a wage increase (in thousands)..... 852.2 853.9 888.7 991.0 1,050.7 681.0 784.7 903.1 1 Preliminary revised. 2 Preliminary. 3 Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, agreements reached in a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 4 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources was an increase. 5 Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source was an increase. 6 The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers received wage changes from more than one source.