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TEXT
Table 1. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages under current and replaced private
Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private industry
Table 3. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining
Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining
Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining
Table 6. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of
Table 7. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private
Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private
Table 9. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes in the cost of compensation and components
Table 10. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes in the cost of compensation and components annualized over the
Table 11. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000
Table 12. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining
Technical Information: USDL: 94-38
Janice Devine (202) 606-6276 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. EST
William Davis (202) 606-6277 Tuesday, January 25, 1994
Media Contact: (202) 606-5902
MAJOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING SETTLEMENTS IN
PRIVATE INDUSTRY, FOURTH QUARTER AND FULL YEAR 1993
Major collective bargaining settlements reached in private industry
during the fourth quarter of 1993 called for annual changes in wage
rates over the contract term that were lower, on average, than were
specified in the agreements they replaced, the U.S. Department of
Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This relationship
has existed since the first quarter of 1992, with the exception of the
third quarter of 1992. The Bureau's series on major collective
bargaining statistics covers bargaining units of 1,000 or more workers.
Wage rate changes under settlements
Fourth-quarter settlements specified wage rate changes averaging an
increase of 2.9 percent in the first year of the agreements and 2.0
percent annually over the term of the contracts. (See table 1.)
Corresponding changes in agreements they replaced (which were primarily
negotiated in 1990) were increases of 3.4 percent and 2.2 percent.
(Lump-sum payments and cost-of-living adjustments are not included in
specified wage rate changes.) During the quarter, 57 settlements,
covering 789,000 workers, were concluded. Settlements in transportation
equipment manufacturing, parcel delivery, food stores, and bituminous
coal mining accounted for 83 percent of the workers.
Workers under fourth-quarter settlements accounted for 38 percent
of the 2.1 million workers under the 395 settlements reached in all of
1993. Settlements during 1993, on average, specified a lower wage rate
change over their term than the contracts being replaced--an annual
increase of 2.1 percent compared with 2.9 percent. (See the chart.)
This has been the pattern in all but one of the last seven 4-quarter
periods. Over their term, agreements reached during 1993 specified wage
rate increases for 90 percent of the workers, no rate change for 9
percent, and a net decrease for 1 percent. (See table 3.)
During 1993, cash lump-sum payment provisions were newly negotiated
in 36 agreements for 273,000 workers and dropped in 23 agreements
affecting 74,000 workers. Such provisions now cover 39 percent of the
5.5 million workers under all major collective bargaining contracts in
private industry, up from 36 percent at the end of 1992. From the end
of 1987, when lump-sum information was first compiled, through the
fourth quarter of 1991, lump-sum coverage was between 40 and 43 percent.
Thirteen settlements, for 202,000 workers, reached during 1993
discontinued cost-of-living adjustment clauses (COLAs) and three
settlements for 7,500 workers added them. At year's end, COLA
provisions covered about 24 percent of the 5.5 million workers under
major collective bargaining contracts, down from 28 percent at the end
2
of 1992 and 30 percent at the end of 1991. COLA coverage had been about
40 percent from 1987 through 1990.
Fifty-six percent of the workers under settlements reached during
1993 had either a cash lump-sum payment provision or a COLA clause or
both. Typically, agreements that contain such provisions specify
smaller wage rate changes than those that do not. In 1993, settlements
with either a lump-sum provision or a COLA clause or both provided
annual wage rate changes over their contract terms averaging an increase
of 1.9 percent, compared with 2.5 percent for settlements with neither
provision. Lump-sum payments are not part of the ongoing rate structure
and, therefore, are excluded from the rate data. Such payments,
however, are included in measures of compensation cost changes discussed
in the next section. Potential wage changes from COLA clauses depend on
future price changes and, therefore, are excluded from both rate and
cost data. See the Explanatory Note.
Under 1993 settlements, cash lump-sum payment and COLA provisions
applied to a larger proportion of manufacturing than of nonmanufacturing
workers, nearly four-fifths compared with just over two-fifths. For all
manufacturing settlements, the annual wage rate change averaged an
increase of 1.5 percent over the contract term. Settlements with cash
lump-sum and/or COLA provisions called for wage rate changes averaging
an increase of 1.3 percent annually over the life of the agreement
compared with 2.5 percent in settlements with neither provision.
Nonmanufacturing settlements reached in 1993 called for wage rate
changes averaging an increase of 2.5 percent annually over their life.
Those with either a lump-sum or COLA provision or both had about the
same average annual wage change as those with neither provision--
increases of 2.6 and 2.5 percent, respectively.
Compensation cost changes under settlements
The Bureau's data on negotiated changes in employers' costs for
employee compensation relate to settlements covering 5,000 or more
workers. Compensation cost changes include specified (guaranteed) cash
and benefit lump-sum payments and reflect both the size and timing of
compensation rate changes. (Lump-sum payments and the timing are not
taken into account in the rate measure.) See the Explanatory Note for a
more detailed description of the cost series.
Settlements for 5,000 or more workers accounted for 88 percent of
the 789,000 workers covered by all major settlements negotiated in the
fourth quarter of 1993. They provided total compensation cost changes
averaging an increase of 1.8 percent annually over the life of the
agreement. (See table 9.) Annual cost changes over the life of the
agreement averaged 1.4 percent for both wages alone and cash payments
(wages and cash lump-sum payments) to workers. Annual cost changes for
benefits averaged 2.4 percent.
3
Settlements covering 5,000 or more workers accounted for two-thirds
(1.4 million) of the workers under all major settlements reached in
1993. They provided total compensation cost changes averaging an
increase of 1.6 percent annually over the agreement term. Over the
agreement term, annual changes averaged 1.3 percent for both wages alone
and for cash payments (including wages and cash lump-sum payments) and
2.1 percent for benefit costs.
Fifty-seven percent of the workers under 1993 settlements for 5,000
or more workers had contingent pay provisions which could provide
compensation increases beyond those specified in the settlement. COLA
provisions, discussed earlier, and lump-sum provisions that call for a
payment only if company profits exceed a specified amount are examples.
Potential payments under these provisions are excluded from the series.
Annual compensation cost changes over the contract term were about the
same in settlements with and without contingent pay provisions--
increases of 1.5 percent and 1.6 percent, respectively.
Wage rate changes under all major contracts
In addition to data just presented on changes in rates and costs
under settlements, the Bureau compiled information on wage rate changes
during 1993 under all major contracts. (See tables 11 and 12.) They
averaged an increase of 3.0 percent--0.9 percent from settlements
reached during 1993, 1.9 percent from agreements reached earlier, and
0.2 percent from COLAs.
Approximately 5.5 million workers were covered by these contracts.
About 4.8 million workers had their wages increased, another 600,000
workers were under major contracts in which wage rates remained the
same during the year, and nearly 79,000 workers had wage cuts.
Wage rate increases in 1993 stemmed from one or more of the
following: 1) Settlements reached in the year which provided increases
in 1993 averaging 3.2 percent for 1.7 million workers; 2) contracts
negotiated earlier that specified increases in 1993 averaging 3.4
percent for 3 million workers; and 3) COLA provisions, which yielded
average increases of 1.3 percent for 873,000 workers. (About 296,000
additional workers had COLA reviews which did not produce a wage change,
largely because movement in the BLS Consumer Price Index was
insufficient to trigger one. COLA reviews during 1993 generated average
wage rate changes that amounted to 48 percent of the CPI movement during
the review period.)
First-quarter 1994 activity
During January-March 1994, 338,000 workers are under 71 major
agreements scheduled to expire or reopen for wage negotiations. About
four-fifths of these workers are in the trucking, construction, steel
manufacturing, and food store industries. In addition, there are
229,000 workers under 64 agreements that expired or were reopened, but
had not been renegotiated or ratified prior to December 31, 1993. About
43 percent of these workers are in the services and construction
industries.
4
In the first quarter, 573,000 workers are scheduled for wage
increases averaging 2.7 percent under provisions of agreements
negotiated prior to 1994. COLA reviews are scheduled for 848,000
workers during the quarter.
EXPLANATORY NOTE ABOUT THE DATA
This release covers major collective bargaining units--those with
1,000 or more workers--in private nonfarm industries. It is limited to
production and related workers in manufacturing and nonsupervisory
workers in nonmanufacturing. About 7.5 percent of the employed
production and nonsupervisory workers in private industry (excluding
households) are covered by a major bargaining agreement.
Wage and compensation changes under settlements
The series on major collective bargaining settlements estimates how
much wage and compensation rates and compensation costs will change from
existing levels as a result of new collective bargaining agreements
reached during specified reference periods.
Compensation rates include: Straight-time pay for time worked;
premium pay for overtime, weekend, holiday, and shift work; paid leave;
life, health, and sickness and accident insurance; pension and other
retirement plans; severance pay; and legally required benefits.
Compensation rates exclude lump-sum payments because they are not part
of the ongoing rate structure.
Compensation costs include: The items covered by compensation
rates plus specified cash and benefit lump-sum payments, which are
excluded from rate data.
Wage and compensation rate changes: The rate change for a
settlement is the percent difference between the average rate just prior
to the start of a new agreement and the average rate that would exist at
the end of the first 365 days of the new agreement (first year measure)
or at its expiration date (over-the-life measure). (The over-the-life
measure is expressed as an annual average change.) The average rate
change for all settlements is calculated by first multiplying the rate
change for each settlement by the number of workers under the
settlement. Next, the resulting products are summed, and the sum is
divided by the total number of workers under all settlements. The
result is the average change for all settlements.
Compensation cost changes: The compensation cost change for a
settlement is the percent difference between the average cost of
compensation per work hour (including the hourly cost of lump-sum
payments made during the term of the expiring agreement) just prior to
the start of a new agreement and the average cost of compensation per
work hour under the settlement. The average cost of compensation under
the settlement is calculated in two steps, as follows: 1) Each hourly
compensation rate (excluding lump-sum payments) is multiplied by the
number of hours it is to be paid during the agreement; the products are
summed; and the total is divided by the number of work hours over the
agreement term. The result is the cost per work hour of compensation
5
excluding specified lump-sum payments. 2) The cost per work hour of
specified lump-sum payments is computed by dividing the total amount of
any cash and benefit lump sums by the total number of work hours over
the agreement term. The sum of the results of steps 1 and 2 is the
estimated average cost of compensation per work hour over the term of
the new agreement. The percent difference between this amount and the
average cost at the end of the expiring agreement is the average cost
change under the settlement.
The average cost change under all settlements is calculated by
multiplying the percent change in cost under each settlement by the
number of workers under the settlement. The results are summed, and the
sum is divided by the total number of workers under all settlements.
The following example illustrates one of the major differences
between the compensation rate series and the compensation cost series.
Two agreements (A and B) expire. At expiration, compensation under each
agreement is $10 an hour. The agreements are replaced by new
settlements that run for 1 year. The settlement replacing agreement A
immediately increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour.
The settlement replacing agreement B leaves compensation unchanged for
the first 6 months and then increases compensation from $10 an hour to
$10.50 an hour.
The rate series measures the size of each settlement by calculating
the difference between compensation at the expiration of the old
agreement and compensation at the expiration of the new agreement and
computing the percent change. Thus, it measures each settlement as
providing a 5-percent ($.50/$10) compensation rate increase over the 1
year term.
The cost series measures the size of each settlement by comparing
employer costs for compensation under the settlement with what they were
under the expiring agreement just before it was renegotiated as follows:
When each agreement expired, an employee who worked 2,000 hours over the
year would cost the employer $20,000 (2,000 hours at $10). Under the
settlement replacing agreement A (with the immediate increase), the
employer would pay for 2,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $21,000 for the
year, a 5-percent increase over the $20,000. Under the settlement
replacing agreement B (with the delayed increase), the employer would
pay for 1,000 hours at $10 an hour and for 1,000 hours at $10.50 an
hour, or $20,500 for the year, a 2.5-percent increase over the $20,000.
Thus, the cost series reflects the influence of timing of changes during
the agreement term which the rate series does not reflect.
For a more detailed description of the compensation cost series and
how it compares with the compensation rate series, see Alvin Bauman, "A
New Measure of Compensation Cost Adjustments," Monthly Labor Review,
August 1990, pp. 11-18.
Data on changes under settlements exclude potential increases or
decreases that may result from COLA clauses that are based on future
changes in the CPI unknown at the time of settlement. The data do,
however, include "guaranteed" COLA payments (those specified when the
agreement was reached and specified to be implemented later) because
they are not tied to subsequent price movements. Similarly, data on
6
cost changes exclude contingent lump-sum payments (such as those tied to
future profit levels or productivity increases) but include lump-sum
payments guaranteed by the settlement.
Estimates of changes are based on the assumption that conditions
existing at the time of settlement (e.g., composition of the labor force
or methods of funding pensions) will remain constant over the life of
the agreement.
Wage rate changes under all contracts
The series on all major collective bargaining contracts estimates
average wage rate changes during the reference period under settlements
reached during the calendar year as well as under major agreements
reached earlier and remaining in force during the period.
The average change under all contracts in force during a period is
computed by multiplying the percent change under each contract by the
number of workers covered, adding the products, and dividing the sum by
the total number of workers under all contracts.
The average rate change reflects net rate increases, decreases, and
zero changes during the reference period. Rate increases and decreases
stem from settlements in the calendar year that call for increases or
decreases during the period, from agreements reached earlier with
increases or decreases deferred to the period, and from COLA clauses.
(Although wage increases and decreases from COLA clauses are not
incorporated into base wage rates under all agreements, they are
included in the wage rate change measure for all contracts.)
Wage changes under COLA clauses are based on changes in the
Consumer Price Index for a review period designated in the agreement.
Data for 1993 are preliminary and may be revised if additional
information is obtained. Final data are scheduled to be published in
the March 1994 issue of Compensation and Working Conditions.
Additional historical information is available from the Office of
Compensation and Working Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
Washington, DC 20212-0001.
Data on major public sector collective bargaining settlements are
developed separately and issued semi-annually. Data for 1993 are
scheduled to be released in February 1994.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, TDD
phone: 202-606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-326-
2577.
_____________________________________________
Major private industry collective bargaining
settlements data for the first quarter 1994 will be
released on April 26, 1994, at 10:00 AM (EDT).
1/
Table 1. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages under current and replaced private
_
industry collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by quarter, and
during 4-quarter periods
____________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| 1992 | 1993
Measure | |
___________________________ ___________________________
| | | | | | | |
| I | II | III | IV | I2/ |II2/ |III2/ |IV3/
_ _ _ _
| | | | | | | |
____________________________________________________________________________________________
|
| Quarterly averages
|
_______________________________________________________
First year change4/ | | | | | | | |
_
Current settlements...............| 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 2.9
Replaced settlements..............| 5.6 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.4
| | | | | | | |
Annual change over the life of the | | | | | | | |
contract5/ | | | | | | | |
_
Current settlements...............| 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 2.0
Replaced settlements..............| 5.0 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.2
| | | | | | | |
_______________________________________________________
|
| Four quarters ended
|
_______________________________________________________
First year change4/ | | | | | | | |
_
Current settlements...............| 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.3
Replaced settlements..............| 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 3.7
| | | | | | | |
Annual change over the life of the | | | | | | | |
contract5/ | | | | | | | |
_
Current settlements...............| 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.1
Replaced settlements..............| 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 2.9
| | | | | | | |
____________________________________________________________________________________________
1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. All measures exclude any cash or
_
benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2/ Preliminary revised.
_
3/ Preliminary.
_
4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the
_
contract effective date.
5/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate
_
over the life of the contract.
1/
Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private industry
_
collective bargaining settlements, 1993 (preliminary)
(in percent)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | | |
| | Annual | |
| First-year | change | Number of | Number of
Measure | change2/ | over the | workers |settlements
_
| |life of the | (000's) |
| |contracts3/ | |
_
| | | |
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | | |
Wage changes in settlements | | | |
covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | |
All industries...........................| 2.3 | 2.1 | 2,058 | 395
With COLA clauses......................| 2.8 | 1.4 | 624 | 55
Without COLA clauses...................| 2.1 | 2.5 | 1,434 | 340
With lump-sum provisions...............| 2.6 | 1.9 | 1,117 | 104
Without lump-sum provisions............| 2.0 | 2.4 | 942 | 291
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.6 | 1.9 | 1,154 | 123
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.0 | 2.5 | 904 | 272
Manufacturing............................| 2.7 | 1.5 | 792 | 125
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.7 | 1.3 | 622 | 68
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.9 | 2.5 | 170 | 57
Nonmanufacturing.........................| 2.1 | 2.5 | 1,266 | 270
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.5 | 2.6 | 532 | 55
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 1.8 | 2.5 | 734 | 215
Construction.............................| 2.1 | 2.5 | 386 | 140
All industries excluding construction....| 2.4 | 2.1 | 1,672 | 255
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..| 2.0 | 2.5 | 880 | 130
Goods-producing..........................| 2.6 | 1.9 | 1,241 | 267
Service-producing........................| 2.0 | 2.6 | 818 | 128
| | | |
Compensation changes in settlements | | | |
covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | |
All industries...........................| 3.0 | 2.4 | 1,382 | 73
With COLA clauses......................| 3.2 | 1.7 | 539 | 16
Without COLA clauses...................| 2.9 | 2.8 | 843 | 57
With lump-sum provisions...............| 3.2 | 2.3 | 959 | 34
Without lump-sum provisions............| 2.7 | 2.6 | 423 | 39
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.2 | 2.3 | 959 | 34
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.7 | 2.6 | 423 | 39
Manufacturing............................| 3.3 | 1.6 | 595 | 23
Nonmanufacturing.........................| 2.8 | 3.0 | 787 | 50
Construction.............................| 3.8 | 3.6 | 134 | 15
All industries excluding construction....| 2.9 | 2.2 | 1,248 | 58
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..| 2.6 | 2.8 | 653 | 35
Goods-producing..........................| 3.4 | 1.9 | 789 | 39
Service-producing........................| 2.5 | 2.9 | 593 | 34
| | | |
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether
_
or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-
sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the con-
_
tract effective date.
3/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
_
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 3. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining
1/
settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change in wages, 1993 (preliminary)
_
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | |
| All | Manu- | Nonmanu-
| industries | facturing | facturing
Measure | | |
______________ ______________ ______________
|
| First-year change2/
_
|
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | |
Number of workers (in thousands).......................| 2,058 | 792 | 1,266
| | |
| | |
Percent of workers | | |
All settlements......................................| 100 | 100 | 100
| | |
No wage change....................................| 15 | 16 | 15
Decreases3/.......................................| 4 | 0 | 6
_
Increases.........................................| 81 | 84 | 79
Under 2 percent................................| 13 | 4 | 18
2 and under 4 percent..........................| 46 | 69 | 32
4 percent and over ............................| 22 | 11 | 29
| | |
| | |
Changes (in percent): | | |
Mean change..........................................| 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.1
Median change........................................| 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.7
Mean increase.....................................| 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.1
Median increase...................................| 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1
| | |
____________________________________________
|
| Annual change over
| life of contracts4/
_
|
____________________________________________
| | |
Number of workers (in thousands).......................| 2,058 | 792 | 1,266
| | |
| | |
Percent of workers | | |
All settlements......................................| 100 | 100 | 100
| | |
No wage change....................................| 9 | 10 | 9
Decreases3/.......................................| 1 | 0 | 1
_
Increases.........................................| 90 | 90 | 89
Under 2 percent................................| 38 | 67 | 20
2 and under 3 percent..........................| 17 | 6 | 24
3 and under 4 percent..........................| 26 | 12 | 35
4 percent and over.............................| 9 | 6 | 10
| | |
| | |
Changes (in percent): | | |
Mean change..........................................| 2.1 | 1.5 | 2.5
Median change........................................| 2.1 | 1.0 | 2.6
Mean increase.....................................| 2.4 | 1.7 | 2.8
Median increase...................................| 2.2 | 1.0 | 2.9
| | |
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
1/ Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median
_
increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude lump-sum payments and
potential changes from COLA clauses.
2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the con-
_
tract effective date.
3/ Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
_
4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
_
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining
1/
settlements covering 5,000 workers or more by change in compensation, 1993 (preliminary)
_
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
Measure | First-year change2/
_
|
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
Total number of workers (in thousands).........................| 1,382
|
Percent of workers |
|
All settlements................................................| 100
|
No change...................................................| 5
Decreases3/.................................................| 5
_
Increases...................................................| 90
|
Under 3 percent..........................................| 24
3 and under 5 percent....................................| 41
5 percent and over.......................................| 25
|
Changes (in percent): |
Mean change..................................................| 3.0
Median change................................................| 3.2
Mean increase.............................................| 3.7
Median increase...........................................| 3.4
|
__________________________________
|
|
|
| Annual change over
| life of contracts4/
_
|
__________________________________
|
|
Total number of workers (in thousands).........................| 1,382
|
Percent of workers |
|
All settlements................................................| 100
|
No change...................................................| 6
Decreases...................................................| 3
Increases...................................................| 92
Under 3 percent..........................................| 57
3 and under 5 percent....................................| 30
5 percent and over.......................................| 5
|
Changes (in percent): |
Mean change..................................................| 2.4
Median change................................................| 2.0
Mean increase.............................................| 2.6
Median increase...........................................| 2.5
|
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
1/ Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median
_
increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit
lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the con-
_
tract effective date.
3/ Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
_
4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
_
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining
1/
settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change in compensation and wages, 1993 (prelimi-
_
nary)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
| First-year change2/
_
Measure |
_______________________________________
| |
| Compensation | Wages alone
| |
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| |
Total number of workers (in thousands)....................| 386 | 386
| |
Percent of workers | |
| |
All settlements...........................................| 100 | 100
| |
No change..............................................| 9 | 20
Decreases3/............................................| 3 | 4
_
Increases..............................................| 87 | 76
Under 2 percent.....................................| 16 | 23
2 and under 3 percent...............................| 21 | 29
3 and under 4 percent...............................| 23 | 6
4 and under 5 percent...............................| 11 | 8
5 percent and over..................................| 16 | 10
| |
Changes (in percent): | |
Mean change.............................................| 2.9 | 2.1
Median change...........................................| 2.9 | 2.0
Mean increase........................................| 3.4 | 2.8
Median increase......................................| 3.2 | 2.7
| |
_______________________________________
|
| Annual change over
| life of contracts4/
_
|
_______________________________________
| |
| Compensation | Wages alone
| |
_______________________________________
| |
| |
Total number of workers (in thousands)....................| 386 | 386
| |
Percent of workers | |
| |
All settlements...........................................| 100 | 100
| |
No change..............................................| 6 | 11
Decreases3/............................................| 1 | 1
_
Increases..............................................| 93 | 89
Under 2 percent.....................................| 18 | 29
2 and under 3 percent...............................| 24 | 21
3 and under 4 percent...............................| 27 | 19
4 and under 5 percent...............................| 11 | 10
5 percent and over..................................| 13 | 10
| |
Changes (in percent): | |
Mean change.............................................| 2.9 | 2.5
Median change...........................................| 3.0 | 2.5
Mean increase........................................| 3.2 | 2.9
Median increase......................................| 3.2 | 2.6
| |
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
1/ Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median
_
increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit
lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the con-
_
tract effective date.
3/ Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality.
_
4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the
_
life of the contract.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 6. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of
contract, 1993 (preliminary)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
| Contract duration
|
____________________________________________________________________________
| | | | | | |
Measure | | |More than | |More than | |
| All |12 months | 12 and |24 months | 24 and |36 months |More than
|contracts | or less |less than | |less than | |36 months
| | |24 months | |36 months | |
| | | | | | |
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | | | | | |
Number of settlements...................| 395 | 47 | 23 | 27 | 46 | 142 | 110
| | | | | | |
Number of workers (in thousands)........| 2,058 | 121 | 63 | 74 | 264 | 835 | 702
| | | | | | |
Average contract duration (months)......| 35.8 | 11.8 | 15.2 | 24.0 | 32.7 | 36.0 | 43.9
| | | | | | |
Percent change1/ in wages: | | | | | | |
_
First contract year...................| 2.3 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 3.3 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.0
Second contract year2/................| 2.0 | NA | .3 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 2.8
_
Third contract year3/.................| 2.1 | NA | NA | NA | 1.1 | 1.7 | 2.9
_
| | | | | | |
Average annual over the life of the | | | | | | |
contract.............................| 2.1 | 1.4 | .9 | 3.2 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.6
| | | | | | |
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes lump-sum payments and potential changes from
_
COLA clauses.
2/ Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 12 months.
_
3/ Average is based only on settlements with a duration greater than 24 months.
_
NOTE: "NA" indicates not applicable.
1/
Table 7. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private
_
industry collective bargaining settlements, by year and quarter
(in percent)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Annual | Quarterly averages
|averages |
| |
_________ _______________________________________
| | | |
Measure | | | 1992 | 19932/
_
|1992|1993| |
___________________ ___________________
| | 2/ | | | | | | | |
_
| | | I | II |III | IV |I3/ |II- |III-|IV-
_
| | | | | | | |3/ |3/ |2/
_ _ _
| | | | | | | | | |
____________________________________________________________________________________________
| | | | | | | | | |
Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000| | | | | | | | | |
workers or more: | | | | | | | | | |
First year4/ | | | | | | | | | |
_
All industries..........................| 2.7| 2.3| 3.1| 2.8| 2.9| 1.8| 2.5| 2.5| 1.1| 2.9
With COLA clauses......................| 2.7| 2.8| (5)| 1.9| (5)| 2.4| 3.1| 1.2| (5)| (5)
Without COLA clauses...................| 2.7| 2.1| (5)| 3.0| (5)| 1.4| 2.1| 2.7| (5)| (5)
With lump sums.........................| 2.8| 2.6| 3.4| 2.3| 3.1| 2.9| 2.4| 1.4| (5)| (5)
Without lump sums......................| 2.6| 2.0| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| .9| 2.6| 2.9| (5)| (5)
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.8| 2.6| 3.7| 2.4| 3.1| 2.8| 2.4| 1.5| (5)| (5)
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.6| 2.0| 3.0| 3.0| 2.8| .8| 2.6| 2.9| (5)| (5)
Manufacturing...........................| 2.6| 2.7| (5)| 1.9| 3.2| (5)| 4.0| 1.7| (5)| (5)
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 1.9| 2.7| 3.6| 1.1| (5)| (5)| 4.2| 1.1| (5)| (5)
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.4| 2.9| 3.8| 3.2| (5)| (5)| 3.7| 2.6| (5)| (5)
Nonmanufacturing........................| 2.7| 2.1| (5)| 3.0| 2.9| (5)| 1.6| 2.8| (5)| (5)
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.2| 2.5| 3.9| 3.1| (5)| (5)| .9| 2.0| (5)| (5)
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.5| 1.8| 2.9| 3.0| (5)| (5)| 2.1| 3.0| (5)| (5)
Construction............................| 2.0| 2.1| (5)| 2.5| 1.1| (5)| (5)| 2.3| 1.6| (5)
All industries excluding construction...| 2.9| 2.4| (5)| 3.0| 3.5| (5)| (5)| 2.7| .9| (5)
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.| 3.0| 2.0| (5)| 3.4| 3.5| (5)| (5)| 3.4| (5)| (5)
Goods-producing.........................| 2.3| 2.6| 3.2| 2.3| 1.9| 2.1| 3.6| 2.1| (5)| (5)
Service-producing.......................| 3.0| 2.0| 3.0| 3.4| 3.5| 1.6| 1.5| 3.4| (5)| (5)
Annual average over the life of the | | | | | | | | | |
contract6/ | | | | | | | | | |
_
All industries..........................| 3.0| 2.1| 3.1| 3.0| 3.1| 2.6| 2.7| 2.5| 1.7| 2.0
With COLA clauses......................| 2.5| 1.4| (5)| 1.8| (5)| 2.9| 3.0| .9| (5)| (5)
Without COLA clauses...................| 3.1| 2.5| (5)| 3.3| (5)| 2.3| 2.6| 2.7| (5)| (5)
With lump sums.........................| 2.9| 1.9| 3.4| 2.4| 3.2| 3.1| 2.6| 1.4| (5)| (5)
Without lump sums......................| 3.0| 2.4| 3.1| 3.3| 3.0| 2.2| 2.8| 2.8| (5)| (5)
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.9| 1.9| 3.5| 2.4| 3.2| 2.9| 2.6| 1.5| (5)| (5)
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.0| 2.5| 3.1| 3.3| 3.0| 2.2| 2.8| 2.9| (5)| (5)
Manufacturing...........................| 2.6| 1.5| (5)| 1.8| 3.0| (5)| 3.5| 1.3| (5)| (5)
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.0| 1.3| 3.3| 1.0| (5)| (5)| 3.7| .6| (5)| (5)
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.2| 2.5| 3.5| 3.0| (5)| (5)| 3.2| 2.4| (5)| (5)
Nonmanufacturing........................| 3.0| 2.5| (5)| 3.3| 3.1| (5)| 2.3| 2.8| (5)| (5)
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.2| 2.6| 3.9| 3.1| (5)| (5)| 1.7| 2.4| (5)| (5)
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.0| 2.5| 3.0| 3.4| (5)| (5)| 2.6| 2.9| (5)| (5)
Construction............................| 2.4| 2.5| (5)| 2.9| 2.0| (5)| (5)| 2.7| 2.1| (5)
All industries excluding construction...| 3.1| 2.1| (5)| 3.1| 3.4| (5)| (5)| 2.4| 1.5| (5)
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.| 3.3| 2.5| (5)| 3.6| 3.4| (5)| (5)| 3.0| (5)| (5)
Goods-producing.........................| 2.5| 1.9| 3.1| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 3.4| 2.2| (5)| (5)
Service-producing.......................| 3.3| 2.6| 3.2| 3.6| 3.4| 2.6| 2.1| 3.0| (5)| (5)
| | | | | | | | | |
Compensation changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | |
covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | |
All industries | | | | | | | | | |
First year4/............................| 3.0| 3.0| 2.7| 3.6| 3.3| 1.4| 3.1| 3.2| .9| 3.8
_
With COLA clauses......................| 4.1| 3.2| - | (5)| (5)| 3.3| 4.3| 1.7| (5)| (5)
Without COLA clauses...................| 2.7| 2.9| 2.7| (5)| (5)|-1.1| 1.7| 3.4| (5)| (5)
Annual over life of contract6/..........| 3.1| 2.4| 3.5| 3.6| 3.0| 2.7| 3.2| 2.6| 1.4| 2.5
_
With COLA clauses......................| 3.0| 1.7| - | (5)| (5)| 3.4| 3.8| .7| (5)| (5)
Without COLA clauses...................| 3.2| 2.8| 3.5| (5)| (5)| 1.8| 2.4| 2.9| (5)| (5)
| | | | | | | | | |
____________________________________________________________________________________________
1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to
_
whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or
benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2/ Preliminary.
_
3/ Preliminary revised.
_
4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the
_
contract effective date.
5/ Data do not meet publication standards.
_
6/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate
_
over the life of the contract.
1/
Table 8. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private
_
industry collective bargaining settlements during 4-quarter periods
(in percent)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
|
| Four quarters ended
|
____________________________________________
| | |
Measure |1991| 1992 | 1993
| | |
____ ___________________ ___________________
| | | | | | | | |
| IV | I | II |III | IV |I2/ |II- |III-|IV-
_
| | | | | | |2/ |2/ |3/
_ _ _
| | | | | | | | |
_______________________________________________________________________________________
| | | | | | | | |
Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000| | | | | | | | |
workers or more: | | | | | | | | |
First year4/ | | | | | | | | |
_
All industries..........................| 3.6| 3.5| 3.2| 3.1| 2.7| 2.6| 2.5| 2.0| 2.3
With COLA clauses......................| 3.4| 3.3| 3.0| 3.1| 2.7| 2.8| 2.7| 2.5| 2.8
Without COLA clauses...................| 3.7| 3.5| 3.2| 3.1| 2.7| 2.6| 2.5| 1.8| 2.1
With lump sums.........................| 3.9| 3.3| 3.0| 3.0| 2.8| 2.7| 2.6| 2.3| 2.6
Without lump sums......................| 3.5| 3.5| 3.3| 3.1| 2.6| 2.6| 2.5| 1.7| 2.0
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.7| 3.4| 3.1| 3.1| 2.8| 2.7| 2.5| 2.3| 2.6
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.5| 3.5| 3.2| 3.1| 2.6| 2.6| 2.5| 1.7| 2.0
Manufacturing...........................| 3.9| 3.5| 3.1| 3.0| 2.6| 2.9| 2.8| 2.5| 2.7
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 4.1| 3.5| 3.0| 2.7| 1.9| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.7
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.6| 3.7| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.3| 3.1| 2.9
Nonmanufacturing........................| 3.4| 3.4| 3.2| 3.1| 2.7| 2.5| 2.5| 1.7| 2.1
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.3| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 2.8| 2.7| 2.3| 2.5
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.5| 3.5| 3.2| 3.0| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3| 1.5| 1.8
Construction............................| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.0| 2.0| 1.9| 1.8| 2.0| 2.1
All industries excluding construction...| 3.8| 3.7| 3.4| 3.4| 2.9| 2.8| 2.7| 1.9| 2.4
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.| 3.7| 3.7| 3.5| 3.5| 3.0| 2.8| 2.7| 1.5| 2.0
Goods-producing.........................| 3.2| 3.1| 2.8| 2.5| 2.3| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.6
Service-producing.......................| 3.9| 3.7| 3.5| 3.5| 3.0| 2.8| 2.7| 1.5| 2.0
Annual average over the life of the | | | | | | | | |
contract5/ | | | | | | | | |
_
All industries..........................| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.1| 3.0| 2.9| 2.7| 2.3| 2.1
With COLA clauses......................| 3.0| 3.0| 2.6| 2.6| 2.5| 2.6| 2.5| 2.1| 1.4
Without COLA clauses...................| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5
With lump sums.........................| 3.0| 2.8| 2.7| 2.9| 2.9| 2.9| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9
Without lump sums......................| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.0| 2.9| 2.8| 2.4| 2.4
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| 3.0| 2.9| 2.8| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.3| 3.4| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 3.0| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5
Manufacturing...........................| 3.1| 3.0| 2.7| 2.7| 2.6| 2.8| 2.6| 2.1| 1.5
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.1| 2.9| 2.4| 2.3| 2.0| 2.4| 2.2| 1.8| 1.3
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.2| 3.3| 3.1| 3.1| 3.2| 3.2| 3.0| 2.9| 2.5
Nonmanufacturing........................| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.0| 2.9| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5
With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.3| 3.2| 3.0| 2.9| 2.4| 2.6
With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.3| 3.4| 3.3| 3.1| 3.0| 2.9| 2.7| 2.4| 2.5
Construction............................| 2.9| 3.0| 2.7| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 2.4| 2.4| 2.5
All industries excluding construction...| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| 2.3| 2.1
Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.3| 3.1| 3.0| 2.4| 2.5
Goods-producing.........................| 2.9| 3.0| 2.7| 2.6| 2.5| 2.6| 2.5| 2.3| 1.9
Service-producing.......................| 3.6| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.3| 3.1| 3.0| 2.4| 2.6
| | | | | | | | |
Compensation changes in settlements | | | | | | | | |
covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | |
All industries | | | | | | | | |
First year4/............................| 4.1| 4.0| 3.6| 3.5| 3.0| 3.0| 2.9| 2.1| 3.0
_
With COLA clauses......................| 4.3| 4.3| 3.5| 4.3| 4.1| 4.2| 4.2| 3.0| 3.2
Without COLA clauses...................| 4.0| 3.9| 3.6| 3.2| 2.7| 2.6| 2.4| 1.5| 2.9
Annual over life of contract5/..........| 3.4| 3.4| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.1| 2.9| 2.4| 2.4
_
With COLA clauses......................| 3.3| 3.3| 2.7| 2.9| 3.0| 3.3| 3.3| 2.5| 1.7
Without COLA clauses...................| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.2| 3.2| 3.0| 2.8| 2.3| 2.8
| | | | | | | | |
_______________________________________________________________________________________
1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer
_
to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any
cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses.
2/ Preliminary revised.
_
3/ Preliminary.
_
4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months
_
of the contract effective date.
5/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual
_
rate over the life of the contract.
1/
Table 9. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes in the cost of compensation and components
_
2/
annualized over the life of the contract in private industry collective bargaining
_
settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods
(in percent)
______________________________________________________________________________________________
| | |
|1991 | 1992 | 1993
| | |
_____ _______________________ _______________________
| | | | | | | | |
Item | IV | I | II | III | IV | I3/ |II3/ |III- |IV4/
_ _ _
| | | | | | | | 3/ |
_
| | | | | | | | |
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
|
| Quarterly averages
|
______________________________________________________________________________________________
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
All industries | | | | | | | | |
Compensation ..................| 2.1| 2.8| 2.3| 2.3| 1.2| 1.9| 1.8| 0.8| 1.8
Cash payments 5/...............| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 1.1| 1.4| 1.7| .7| 1.4
_
Wages.........................| 2.0| 2.2| 2.1| 2.0| 1.3| 1.6| 1.7| .7| 1.4
Benefits.......................| 1.8| 4.1| 2.7| 2.8| 1.4| 2.7| 1.8| 1.1| 2.4
| | | | | | | | |
_____________________________________________________
|
| Four quarters ended
|
_____________________________________________________
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
All industries | | | | | | | | |
Compensation...................| 2.4| 2.4| 2.2| 2.3| 2.1| 2.0| 1.9| 1.4| 1.6
Cash payments5/................| 2.3| 2.2| 2.2| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.7| 1.2| 1.3
_
Wages.........................| 2.1| 2.1| 2.0| 2.0| 1.9| 1.9| 1.8| 1.3| 1.3
Benefits.......................| 2.5| 2.6| 2.2| 2.6| 2.6| 2.5| 2.3| 1.7| 2.1
With contingent pay provisions6/ | | | | | | | | |
_
Compensation...................| 2.5| 2.3| 1.8| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.0| 1.4| 1.5
Cash payments5/................| 2.4| 2.1| 1.8| 2.1| 2.0| 1.9| 1.7| 1.2| 1.2
_
Wages.........................| 2.4| 2.2| 1.9| 2.0| 2.0| 2.0| 1.9| 1.4| 1.4
Benefits.......................| 2.6| 2.7| 1.8| 2.0| 2.3| 2.5| 2.5| 1.8| 2.0
Without contingent pay | | | | | | | | |
provisions6/ | | | | | | | | |
_
Compensation...................| 2.4| 2.4| 2.4| 2.3| 2.2| 2.0| 1.9| 1.4| 1.6
Cash payments5/................| 2.2| 2.3| 2.3| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.7| 1.2| 1.4
_
Wages.........................| 2.0| 2.1| 2.1| 2.0| 1.9| 1.8| 1.7| 1.2| 1.3
Benefits.......................| 2.4| 2.5| 2.4| 2.9| 2.7| 2.5| 2.3| 1.6| 2.1
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Manufacturing | | | | | | | | |
Compensation...................| 2.4| 2.2| 1.8| 2.0| 2.1| 2.1| 1.8| 1.1| 1.2
Cash payments5/................| 2.2| 2.0| 1.8| 1.8| 1.5| 1.6| 1.3| 1.0| .8
_
Wages.........................| 2.3| 2.1| 1.8| 1.6| 1.7| 2.0| 1.7| 1.2| 1.1
Benefits.......................| 2.7| 2.7| 2.0| 2.5| 3.4| 3.3| 2.7| 1.4| 1.6
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Nonmanufacturing | | | | | | | | |
Compensation...................| 2.4| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3| 2.1| 2.0| 2.0| 1.5| 1.9
Cash payments5/................| 2.3| 2.4| 2.3| 2.1| 2.0| 1.9| 1.8| 1.3| 1.6
_
Wages.........................| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.8| 1.3| 1.5
Benefits.......................| 2.4| 2.5| 2.3| 2.6| 2.5| 2.4| 2.2| 1.8| 2.4
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Goods-producing | | | | | | | | |
Compensation...................| 2.3| 2.3| 2.0| 1.8| 1.9| 1.9| 1.9| 1.6| 1.5
Cash payments5/................| 1.9| 2.0| 1.9| 1.7| 1.5| 1.5| 1.6| 1.4| 1.1
_
Wages.........................| 2.0| 2.1| 1.9| 1.6| 1.6| 1.8| 1.8| 1.5| 1.2
Benefits.......................| 2.7| 2.8| 2.2| 2.4| 2.8| 2.9| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Service-producing | | | | | | | | |
Compensation...................| 2.5| 2.5| 2.3| 2.4| 2.2| 2.1| 2.0| 1.2| 1.8
Cash payments5/................| 2.5| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.1| 1.5
_
Wages.........................| 2.2| 2.1| 2.1| 2.2| 2.0| 1.9| 1.8| 1.0| 1.4
Benefits.......................| 2.4| 2.4| 2.2| 2.7| 2.5| 2.4| 2.2| 1.3| 2.2
| | | | | | | | |
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and no change. Excludes potential changes from con-
_
tingent pay provisions.
2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual (com-
_
pound) rate over the life of the contract.
3/ Preliminary revised.
_
4/ Preliminary.
_
5/ Cash payments include wages and lump-sum payments.
_
6/ Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump-sum payment
_
clauses. Data exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions.
1/
Table 10. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes in the cost of compensation and components annualized over the
_
2/
life of the contract in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, 1993
_
(preliminary)
(in percent)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | | | |
| | Cash | | | Number of
Measure |Compensation| payments3/ | Wages | Benefits| workers
_
| | | | | (000's)
| | | | |
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
All industries...............................| 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 1,382
| | | | |
With contingent pay provisions4/..........| 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 792
_
Without contingent pay provisions4/.......| 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 590
_
| | | | |
Manufacturing................................| 1.2 | .8 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 595
| | | | |
Nonmanufacturing.............................| 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 787
| | | | |
Goods-producing..............................| 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 789
| | | | |
Service-producing............................| 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 593
| | | | |
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provi-
_
sions.
2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual (compound) rate over the life
_
of the contract.
3/ Cash payments include wages and lump sum payments.
_
4/ Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump sum payment clauses. Data exclude po-
_
tential changes from contingent pay provisions.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals.
Table 11. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000
workers or more, by year and quarter
(in percent)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
|Annual averages| Quarterly averages
| |
_______________ _______________________________________________________________
| | | |
Item | | | 1992 | 1993
| 1992 |19931/ | |
_ _______________________________ _______________________________
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | I | II | III | IV | I2/ | II2/ |III2/ | IV1/
_ _ _ _
| | | | | | | | | |
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Average wage rate changes 3/..........| 3.1 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7
_
| | | | | | | | | |
Source: | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements..............| .8 | .9 | .1 | .2 | .3 | .2 | .1 | .2 | .1 | .5
Prior settlements................| 1.9 | 1.9 | .4 | .7 | .6 | .2 | .3 | .7 | .6 | .2
COLA provisions..................| .4 | .2 | .1 | .1 | .1 | .1 | .1 | .1 | (4) | (4)
| | | | | | | | | |
Industry | | | | | | | | | |
Manufacturing....................| 3.1 | 3.3 | .8 | .8 | .9 | .6 | .6 | .9 | .6 | 1.1
Nonmanufacturing.................| 3.1 | 2.8 | .5 | 1.1 | 1.1 | .3 | .4 | 1.0 | .9 | .6
Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | |
construction...................| 3.0 | 2.8 | .6 | .8 | 1.2 | .4 | .4 | .8 | .9 | .7
Construction.....................| 3.4 | 2.7 | .3 | 2.2 | .8 | .1 | .3 | 1.6 | .7 | .1
Transportation and public | | | | | | | | | |
utilities......................| 2.7 | 3.0 | .3 | .7 | 1.6 | .2 | .4 | .7 | 1.1 | .7
Wholesale and retail trade.......| 3.5 | 2.3 | .7 | 1.0 | .9 | .8 | .4 | .9 | .3 | .6
Services.........................| 3.7 | 3.4 | 1.0 | .6 | 1.1 | 1.0 | .6 | .7 | 1.5 | .6
Goods-producing..................| 3.1 | 3.1 | .6 | 1.2 | .8 | .4 | .5 | 1.1 | .6 | .8
Service-producing................| 3.0 | 2.8 | .6 | .8 | 1.2 | .4 | .5 | .8 | .9 | .7
| | | | | | | | | |
Average wage rate increase5/..........| 3.7 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.5
_
| | | | | | | | | |
Source:6/ | | | | | | | | | |
_
Current settlements..............| 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.9
Prior settlements................| 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.2
COLA provisions..................| 2.0 | 1.3 | .6 | .6 | .7 | .7 | .5 | .7 | .5 | .3
| | | | | | | | | |
Number of workers receiving wage | | | | | | | | | |
increases (in thousands)7/............|4,665.5|4,787.6|1,512.7|2,210.0|2,226.7|1,452.4|1,377.5|2,118.3|1,709.1|1,600.0
_
| | | | | | | | | |
Source: | | | | | | | | | |
Current settlements..............|1,292.3|1,663.5| 139.3| 363.1| 526.3| 387.4| 220.8| 360.2| 354.0| 879.9
Prior settlements................|2,817.8|2,999.2| 630.9|1,042.2| 949.9| 325.1| 535.4|1,121.2|1,163.0| 377.0
COLA provisions..................|1,036.3| 872.8| 791.4| 827.9| 929.4| 775.8| 667.5| 662.4| 273.0| 716.7
| | | | | | | | | |
Number of workers not receiving a wage| | | | | | | | | |
increase (in thousands)8/.............| 853.9| 684.8|4,006.6|3,309.4|3,292.6|4,067.0|4,094.9|3,354.0|3,763.3|3,872.4
_
| | | | | | | | | |
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1/ Preliminary.
_
2/ Preliminary revised.
_
3/ Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, settlements reached in
_
a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
4/ More than 0 and less than 0.05 percent.
_
5/ Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources is a wage rate increase.
_
6/ Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source is a wage rate increase.
_
7/ The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers receive wage
_
changes from more than one source.
8/ Less than two percent of these workers received wage decreases and the remainder received zero change.
_
Table 12. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining
agreements covering 1,000 workers or more during 4-quarter periods
(in percent)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
| Four quarters ended
|
_______________________________________________________________
| |
Item | 1992 | 1993
| |
_______________________________ _______________________________
| | | | | | | |
| I | II | III | IV | I1/ | II1/ |III1/ | IV2/
_ _ _ _
| | | | | | | |
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Average wage rate changes 3/.....| 3.5| 3.4| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 2.9| 2.6| 3.0
_
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Source: | | | | | | | |
Current settlements..........| 1.1| .9| .9| .8| .8| .7| .5| .9
Prior settlements............| 2.0| 2.0| 1.9| 1.9| 1.8| 1.8| 1.8| 1.9
COLA provisions..............| .4| .4| .4| .4| .4| .4| .3| .2
| | | | | | | |
Industry | | | | | | | |
Manufacturing................| 3.3| 3.1| 3.2| 3.1| 2.9| 3.0| 2.7| 3.3
Nonmanufacturing.............| 3.6| 3.5| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| 2.6| 2.8
Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | |
construction................| 3.6| 3.5| 3.3| 3.0| 2.9| 2.9| 2.6| 2.8
Construction.................| 3.3| 3.4| 3.0| 3.4| 3.3| 2.7| 2.5| 2.7
Transportation and public | | | | | | | |
utilities...................| 3.4| 3.1| 3.3| 2.7| 2.8| 2.9| 2.5| 3.0
Wholesale and retail trade...| 3.5| 3.8| 3.5| 3.5| 3.1| 3.0| 2.4| 2.3
Services.....................| 5.0| 4.6| 3.3| 3.7| 3.2| 3.3| 3.8| 3.4
Goods-producing..............| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| 2.6| 3.1
Service-producing............| 3.7| 3.6| 3.4| 3.0| 2.9| 2.9| 2.7| 2.8
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Average wage rate increase4/.....| 3.8| 3.9| 3.8| 3.7| 3.6| 3.6| 3.4| 3.5
_
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Source:5/ | | | | | | | |
_
Current settlements..........| 4.0| 3.9| 3.6| 3.6| 3.5| 3.1| 3.0| 3.2
Prior settlements............| 3.7| 3.7| 3.7| 3.8| 3.7| 3.5| 3.3| 3.4
COLA provisions..............| 1.8| 1.9| 2.1| 2.0| 2.0| 2.0| 1.8| 1.3
| | | | | | | |
Number of workers receiving wage | | | | | | | |
increases (in thousands)6/.......|5,106.3|4,870.2|4,748.4|4,665.5|4,630.8|4,529.7|4,465.5|4,787.6
_
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Source: | | | | | | | |
Current settlements..........|1,531.5|1,320.5|1,391.5|1,292.3|1,347.8|1,406.2|1,226.5|1,663.5
Prior settlements............|3,017.8|3,092.1|2,973.4|2,817.8|2,706.0|2,785.0|2,965.9|2,999.2
COLA provisions..............|1,279.0|1,244.8|1,063.9|1,036.3|1,067.4|1,064.2| 921.2| 872.8
| | | | | | | |
Number of workers not receiving a| | | | | | | |
wage increase (in thousands)7/...| 494.4| 730.5| 852.2| 853.9| 888.7| 989.8|1,054.0| 684.8
_
| | | | | | | |
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
1/ Preliminary revised.
_
2/ Preliminary.
_
3/ Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements,
_
agreements reached in a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of
individual items may not equal totals.
4/ Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources is an
_
increase.
5/ Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each sources is
_
an increase.
6/ The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some
_
workers receive wage changes from more than one source.
7/ Less than two percent of these workers received wage decreases and the remainder received zero
_
change.