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TEXT BLES Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages under current and replaced private Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private industry Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private industry Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private Rate changes: Average (mean) changes in wages and compensation in private Cost changes: Average (mean) changes in the cost of compensation and components Cost changes: Average (mean) changes in the cost of compensation and components annualized over the Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining Technical Information: Janice Devine (202) 606-6276 William Davis (202) 606-6277 Media Contact: (202) 606-5902 USDL: 94-221 FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. EDT Tuesday, April 26, 1994 MAJOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING SETTLEMENTS IN PRIVATE INDUSTRY, FIRST QUARTER 1994 Major collective bargaining settlements reached in private industry during the first quarter of 1994 called for annual changes in wage rates over the contract term that were lower, on average, than were specified in the agreements they replaced, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This relationship has existed since the first quarter of 1992, with the exception of the third quarter of 1992. The Bureau's series on major collective bargaining statistics covers bargaining units of 1,000 or more workers. Wage rate changes under settlements Settlements in the first quarter of 1994 specified wage rate changes averaging an increase of 3.2 percent in the first year of the agreements and 2.5 percent annually over the term of the contracts. (See tables 1 and 2.) Corresponding changes in agreements they replaced (which were primarily negotiated in 1991) were increases of 5.4 percent and 3.6 percent. (Lump-sum payments and cost-of-living adjustments are not included in specified wage rate changes.) During the quarter, 50 settlements, covering 206,000 workers, were concluded. Settlements in services, food stores, construction, and primary metals manufacturing accounted for two-thirds of the workers. During the first quarter of 1994, cash lump-sum payment provisions were newly negotiated in nine agreements for 41,000 workers and maintained in seven agreements for 28,000 workers. No settlements discontinued these provisions. As of March 31, 1994, such provisions covered 40 percent of the 5.5 million workers under all major collective bargaining contracts in private industry, up from 39 percent at the end of 1993 and 36 percent at the end of 1992. From the end of 1987, when lump-sum information was first compiled, through the fourth quarter of 1991, lump-sum coverage was between 40 and 43 percent. No additions or deletions to COLA coverage occurred under settlements reached in the first quarter of 1994, while two agreements for 5,300 workers retained their COLAs. As of March 31, 1994, COLA provisions covered 24 percent of the 5.5 million workers under major collective bargaining contracts, the same as at the end of 1993, but down from 28 percent at the end of 1992 and 30 percent at the end of 1991. COLA coverage had been about 40 percent from 1987 through 1990. Workers under first-quarter settlements accounted for 10 percent of the 2 million workers under the 375 settlements reached in the 12 months ended March 31, 1994. (See table 3.) Settlements during this 4-quarter period, on average, specified a lower wage rate change over their term than the contracts being replaced--an annual increase of 2.1 percent - 2 compared with 2.9 percent. (See the chart.) This has been the pattern in all but one of the last eight 4-quarter periods. Over their term, agreements reached during the 4-quarter period ended March 31, 1994, specified wage rate increases for 89 percent of the workers and no wage change for almost all the other workers. (See table 4.) Fifty-six percent of the workers under settlements reached during the 4-quarter period ended March 31, 1994, had either a cash lump-sum payment provision or a COLA clause or both. Their wage changes over the contract term averaged an increase of 1.8 percent annually compared with 2.5 percent for workers in settlements with neither provision. Lump-sum payments are not part of the ongoing rate structure and, therefore, are excluded from the rate data. Such payments, however, are included in measures of compensation cost changes discussed in the next section. Potential wage changes from COLA clauses depend on future price changes and, therefore, are excluded from both rate and cost data. See the Explanatory Note. Typically, lump-sum payment and COLA provisions are more frequently negotiated for manufacturing than for nonmanufacturing workers; they also tend to impact the average level of specified wage rate changes in settlements in manufacturing, but not in nonmanufacturing. During the year ended March 31,1994, cash lump-sum payment and COLA provisions covered 82 percent of workers in manufacturing settlements compared with 41 percent in nonmanufacturing. For all manufacturing settlements, the wage rate change averaged an annual increase of 1.2 percent over the contract term. Settlements with cash lump-sum and/or COLA provisions called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 1.0 percent annually over the life of the agreement compared with 2.3 percent in settlements with neither provision. Nonmanufacturing settlements reached in the year ended March 31, 1994, called for wage rate changes averaging an increase of 2.6 percent annually over their life. Those with lump-sum and/or COLA provisions had annual wage changes averaging an increase of 2.7 percent over the contract term compared with 2.5 percent in settlements with neither provision. Compensation cost changes under settlements The Bureau's data on negotiated changes in employers' costs for employee compensation relate to settlements covering 5,000 or more workers. Compensation cost changes include specified (guaranteed) cash and benefit lump-sum payments and reflect both the size and timing of compensation rate changes. (Lump-sum payments and the timing are not taken into account in the rate measure.) See the Explanatory Note for a more detailed description of the cost series. Settlements for 5,000 or more workers accounted for 64 percent of the 206,000 workers covered by all major settlements negotiated in the first quarter of 1994. They provided total compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 2.0 percent annually over the life of the contract. (See table 10.) Annual cost changes over the contract term averaged 1.7 percent for wages alone and 1.9 percent for cash payments (wages and cash lump-sum payments) to workers. Annual cost changes for benefits averaged 2.2 percent. - 3 For the 12 months ended March 31, 1994, settlements covering 5,000 or more workers accounted for 68 percent (1.3 million) of the workers under all major settlements. They provided total compensation cost changes averaging an increase of 1.6 percent annually over the contract term. Over the contract term, annual changes averaged increases of 1.3 percent for both wages alone and for cash payments (including wages and cash lump-sum payments) and 2.0 percent for benefit costs. Fifty-two percent of the workers under settlements for 5,000 or more workers reached in the 4-quarter period ended March 31, 1994, had contingent pay provisions which could provide compensation increases beyond those specified in the settlement. COLA provisions, discussed earlier, and lump-sum provisions that call for a payment only if company profits exceed a specified amount are examples. Potential payments under these provisions are excluded from the series. Annual compensation cost changes over the contract term averaged an increase of 1.4 percent in settlements with contingent pay provisions and 1.8 percent in those without such provisions. (See table 11.) Wage rate changes under all major contracts In addition to data just presented on changes in rates and costs under settlements, the Bureau compiled information on wage rate changes during the first quarter of 1994 under all major contracts. (See table 12.) Wage changes averaged an increase of 0.4 percent--0.1 percent from settlements reached during the quarter, 0.3 percent from agreements reached earlier, and less than 0.05 percent from COLAs. Approximately 5.5 million workers were covered by these contracts. About 1.4 million workers had their wages increased, another 4.1 million workers were under major contracts in which wage rates remained the same during the first quarter, and 5,000 workers had wage cuts. Wage rate increases during the first quarter of 1994 stemmed from one or more of the following: 1) Settlements reached in the first quarter which provided increases in the quarter averaging 3.6 percent for 131,000 workers; 2) contracts negotiated earlier that specified increases in the quarter averaging 2.6 percent for 586,000 workers; and 3) COLA provisions, which yielded average increases of 0.3 percent for 699,000 workers. (About 107,000 additional workers had COLA reviews which did not produce a wage change, largely because movement in the BLS Consumer Price Index was insufficient to trigger one. COLA reviews during the first quarter of 1994 generated average wage rate changes that amounted to 49 percent of the CPI movement during the review period.) Second-quarter 1994 activity During April-June 1994, 657,000 workers are under 182 major agreements scheduled to expire or reopen for wage negotiations. Just under two-thirds of these workers are in the construction, apparel manufacturing, electrical products manufacturing, food store, and real estate industries. In addition, there are 354,000 workers under 75 agreements that expired or were reopened, but had not been renegotiated or ratified prior to March 31, 1994. Fifty-nine percent of these workers are in the trucking and construction industries. - 4 In the second quarter, 963,000 workers are scheduled for wage increases averaging 3.3 percent under provisions of agreements negotiated prior to 1994, and about 15,000 are slated for increases averaging 3.8 percent under agreements reached during the first 3 months of 1994. COLA reviews are scheduled for 786,000 workers during the quarter. EXPLANATORY NOTE ABOUT THE DATA This release covers major collective bargaining units--those with 1,000 or more workers--in private nonfarm industries. It is limited to production and related workers in manufacturing and nonsupervisory workers in nonmanufacturing. About 7.5 percent of the employed production and nonsupervisory workers in private industry (excluding households) are covered by a major bargaining agreement. Wage and compensation changes under settlements The series on major collective bargaining settlements estimates how much wage and compensation rates and compensation costs will change from existing levels as a result of new collective bargaining agreements reached during specified reference periods. Compensation rates include: Straight-time pay for time worked; premium pay for overtime, weekend, holiday, and shift work; paid leave; life, health, and sickness and accident insurance; pension and other retirement plans; severance pay; and legally required benefits. Compensation rates exclude lump-sum payments because they are not part of the ongoing rate structure. Compensation costs include: The items covered by compensation rates plus specified cash and benefit lump-sum payments, which are excluded from rate data. Wage and compensation rate changes: The rate change for a settlement is the percent difference between the average rate just prior to the start of a new agreement and the average rate that would exist at the end of the first 365 days of the new agreement (first year measure) or at its expiration date (over-the-life measure). (The over-the-life measure is expressed as an annual average change.) The average rate change for all settlements is calculated by first multiplying the rate change for each settlement by the number of workers under the settlement. Next, the resulting products are summed, and the sum is divided by the total number of workers under all settlements. The result is the average change for all settlements. Compensation cost changes: The compensation cost change for a settlement is the percent difference between the average cost of compensation per work hour (including the hourly cost of lump-sum payments made during the term of the expiring agreement) just prior to the start of a new agreement and the average cost of compensation per work hour under the settlement. The average cost of compensation under the settlement is calculated in two steps, as follows: 1) Each hourly compensation rate (excluding lump-sum payments) is multiplied by the number of hours it is to be paid during the agreement; the products are summed; and the total is divided by the number of work hours over the - 5 agreement term. The result is the cost per work hour of compensation excluding specified lump-sum payments. 2) The cost per work hour of specified lump-sum payments is computed by dividing the total amount of any cash and benefit lump sums by the total number of work hours over the agreement term. The sum of the results of steps 1 and 2 is the estimated average cost of compensation per work hour over the term of the new agreement. The percent difference between this amount and the average cost at the end of the expiring agreement is the average cost change under the settlement. The average cost change under all settlements is calculated by multiplying the percent change in cost under each settlement by the number of workers under the settlement. The results are summed, and the sum is divided by the total number of workers under all settlements. The following example illustrates one of the major differences between the compensation rate series and the compensation cost series. Two agreements (A and B) expire. At expiration, compensation under each agreement is $10 an hour. The agreements are replaced by new settlements that run for 1 year. The settlement replacing agreement A immediately increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour. The settlement replacing agreement B leaves compensation unchanged for the first 6 months and then increases compensation from $10 an hour to $10.50 an hour. The rate series measures the size of each settlement by calculating the difference between compensation at the expiration of the old agreement and compensation at the expiration of the new agreement and computing the percent change. Thus, it measures each settlement as providing a 5-percent ($.50/$10) compensation rate increase over the 1 year term. The cost series measures the size of each settlement by comparing employer costs for compensation under the settlement with what they were under the expiring agreement just before it was renegotiated as follows: When each agreement expired, an employee who worked 2,000 hours over the year would cost the employer $20,000 (2,000 hours at $10). Under the settlement replacing agreement A (with the immediate increase), the employer would pay for 2,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $21,000 for the year, a 5-percent increase over the $20,000. Under the settlement replacing agreement B (with the delayed increase), the employer would pay for 1,000 hours at $10 an hour and for 1,000 hours at $10.50 an hour, or $20,500 for the year, a 2.5-percent increase over the $20,000. Thus, the cost series reflects the influence of timing of changes during the agreement term which the rate series does not reflect. For a more detailed description of the compensation cost series and how it compares with the compensation rate series, see Alvin Bauman, "A New Measure of Compensation Cost Adjustments," Monthly Labor Review, August 1990, pp. 11-18. Data on changes under settlements exclude potential increases or decreases that may result from COLA clauses that are based on future changes in the CPI unknown at the time of settlement. The data do, however, include "guaranteed" COLA payments (those specified when the - 6 agreement was reached and specified to be implemented later) because they are not tied to subsequent price movements. Similarly, data on cost changes exclude contingent lump-sum payments (such as those tied to future profit levels or productivity increases) but include lump-sum payments guaranteed by the settlement. Estimates of changes are based on the assumption that conditions existing at the time of settlement (e.g., composition of the labor force or methods of funding pensions) will remain constant over the life of the agreement. Wage rate changes under all contracts The series on all major collective bargaining contracts estimates average wage rate changes during the reference period under settlements reached during the calendar year as well as under major agreements reached earlier and remaining in force during the period. The average change under all contracts in force during a period is computed by multiplying the percent change under each contract by the number of workers covered, adding the products, and dividing the sum by the total number of workers under all contracts. The average rate change reflects net rate increases, decreases, and zero changes during the reference period. Rate increases and decreases stem from settlements in the calendar year that call for increases or decreases during the period, from agreements reached earlier with increases or decreases deferred to the period, and from COLA clauses. (Although wage increases and decreases from COLA clauses are not incorporated into base wage rates under all agreements, they are included in the wage rate change measure for all contracts.) Wage changes under COLA clauses are based on changes in the Consumer Price Index for a review period designated in the agreement. Data for the first quarter of 1994 are preliminary and may be revised if additional information is obtained. Final data will be available in the Spring of 1995. Additional historical information is available from the Office of Compensation and Working Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212-0001. Data on major public sector collective bargaining settlements are developed separately and issued semi-annually. Data for the first half of 1994 are scheduled to be released in August 1994. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, TDD phone: 202-606-5897, TDD Message Referral Phone Number: 1-800-3262577. Major private industry collective bargaining settlements data for the second quarter of 1994 and for the year ended June 30, 1994 will be released on July 26, 1994, at 10:00 AM (EDT). Table 1. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes 1/ in wages under current and replaced private _ industry collective bargaining settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods (in percent) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 Measure | | | ____________________ ___________________________ ______ | | | | | | | | | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I2/ _ | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Quarterly averages | _______________________________________________________ First year change3/ | | | | | | | | _ Current settlements...............| 2.8 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 3.2 Replaced settlements..............| 3.0 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 5.4 | | | | | | | | Annual change over the life of the | | | | | | | | contract4/ | | | | | | | | _ Current settlements...............| 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.5 Replaced settlements..............| 3.2 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 3.6 | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended | _______________________________________________________ First year change3/ | | | | | | | | _ Current settlements...............| 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.4 Replaced settlements..............| 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 3.9 | | | | | | | | Annual change over the life of the | | | | | | | | contract4/ | | | | | | | | _ Current settlements...............| 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.1 Replaced settlements..............| 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 2.9 | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. All measures exclude any cash or _ benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Preliminary. _ 3/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the _ contract effective date. 4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate _ over the life of the contract. Table 2. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes 1/ in wages and compensation in private industry _ collective bargaining settlements, first quarter of 1994 (preliminary) (in percent) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |Annual change| Number of | Measure | First-year | over the | workers | Number of | change2/ | contract | (000's) | settlements _ | | term3/ | | _ | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Wage changes in settlements | | | | covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | | All industries...........................| 3.2 | 2.5 | 206 | 50 With lump-sum provisions...............| 2.6 | 1.7 | 75 | 19 Without lump-sum provisions............| 3.5 | 2.9 | 131 | 31 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.6 | 1.7 | 75 | 19 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.5 | 2.9 | 131 | 31 Manufacturing............................| 1.5 | 1.7 | 41 | 12 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 1.0 | 1.3 | 33 | 8 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.3 | 3.3 | 9 | 4 Nonmanufacturing.........................| 3.6 | 2.7 | 165 | 38 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.8 | 2.1 | 42 | 11 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.5 | 2.9 | 123 | 27 Goods-producing..........................| 3.4 | 3.0 | 77 | 22 Service-producing........................| 3.0 | 2.2 | 130 | 28 | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | All industries...........................| 3.0 | 2.6 | 132 | 12 | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or _ not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract _ effective date. 3/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the _ life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Other detailed industry data do not meet publication standards for the first quarter of 1994. Table 3. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes 1/ in wages and compensation in private industry _ collective bargaining settlements, four quarters ended with the first quarter of 1994 (preliminary) (in percent) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | |Annual change| Number of | Measure | First-year | over the | workers | Number of | change2/ | contract | (000's) | settlements _ | | term3/ | | _ | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Wage changes in settlements | | | | covering 1,000 workers or more: | | | | All industries...........................| 2.4 | 2.1 | 1,982 | 375 With COLA clauses......................| 2.7 | 1.0 | 523 | 45 Without COLA clauses...................| 2.3 | 2.5 | 1,459 | 330 With lump-sum provisions...............| 2.6 | 1.8 | 1,068 | 105 Without lump-sum provisions............| 2.1 | 2.5 | 914 | 270 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.6 | 1.8 | 1,104 | 122 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.1 | 2.5 | 878 | 253 Manufacturing............................| 2.5 | 1.2 | 729 | 103 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.4 | 1.0 | 595 | 62 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.7 | 2.3 | 134 | 41 Nonmanufacturing.........................| 2.3 | 2.6 | 1,253 | 272 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.8 | 2.7 | 509 | 60 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.0 | 2.5 | 744 | 212 Construction.............................| 2.4 | 2.7 | 378 | 136 All industries excluding construction....| 2.4 | 2.0 | 1,604 | 239 Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..| 2.3 | 2.6 | 874 | 136 Goods-producing..........................| 2.5 | 1.8 | 1,180 | 243 Service-producing........................| 2.2 | 2.6 | 802 | 132 | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | All industries...........................| 3.0 | 2.3 | 1,339 | 70 With lump-sum provisions...............| 3.1 | 2.1 | 900 | 31 Without lump-sum provisions............| 2.9 | 2.7 | 439 | 39 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.1 | 2.1 | 900 | 31 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.9 | 2.7 | 439 | 39 Manufacturing............................| 3.1 | 1.3 | 562 | 19 Nonmanufacturing.........................| 3.0 | 3.0 | 777 | 51 Construction.............................| 4.3 | 3.9 | 135 | 15 All industries excluding construction....| 2.9 | 2.1 | 1,204 | 55 Nonmanufacturing excluding construction..| 2.7 | 2.8 | 642 | 36 Goods-producing..........................| 3.3 | 1.8 | 764 | 36 Service-producing........................| 2.6 | 2.9 | 575 | 34 | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to whether or _ not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the contract _ effective date. 3/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the _ life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 4. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining 1/ settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change in wages, four quarters ended with the first _ quarter of 1994 (preliminary) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | All | Manu| Nonmanu| industries | facturing | facturing Measure | | | ______________ ______________ ______________ | | First-year change2/ _ | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Number of workers (in thousands).......................| 1,982 | 729 | 1,253 | | | | | | Percent of workers | | | All settlements......................................| 100 | 100 | 100 | | | No wage change....................................| 17 | 17 | 17 Decreases3/.......................................| 3 | 0 | 4 _ Increases.........................................| 80 | 83 | 78 Under 2 percent................................| 10 | 4 | 14 2 and under 4 percent..........................| 47 | 72 | 32 4 percent and over ............................| 23 | 6 | 32 | | | | | | Changes (in percent): | | | Mean change..........................................| 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.3 Median change........................................| 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 Mean increase.....................................| 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.4 Median increase...................................| 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.3 | | | ____________________________________________ | | | Annual change over the contract term4/ _ | ____________________________________________ | | | Number of workers (in thousands).......................| 1,982 | 729 | 1,253 | | | | | | Percent of workers | | | All settlements......................................| 100 | 100 | 100 | | | No wage change....................................| 11 | 10 | 11 Decreases3/.......................................| (5) | 0 | 1 _ Increases.........................................| 89 | 90 | 88 Under 2 percent................................| 41 | 75 | 21 2 and under 3 percent..........................| 15 | 6 | 21 3 and under 4 percent..........................| 24 | 6 | 34 4 percent and over.............................| 8 | 3 | 12 | | | | | | Changes (in percent): | | | Mean change..........................................| 2.1 | 1.2 | 2.6 Median change........................................| 1.9 | 1.0 | 2.6 Mean increase.....................................| 2.3 | 1.4 | 2.9 Median increase...................................| 2.1 | 1.0 | 3.0 | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median _ increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the con_ tract effective date. 3/ Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. _ 4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the _ life of the contract. 5/ Less than 0.5 percent. _ NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 5. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under private industry collective bargaining 1/ settlements covering 5,000 workers or more by change in compensation, four quarters ended with _ first quarter of 1994 (preliminary) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Measure | First-year change2/ _ | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Total number of workers (in thousands).........................| 1,339 | Percent of workers | | All settlements................................................| 100 | No change...................................................| 7 Decreases3/.................................................| 5 _ Increases...................................................| 88 | Under 2 percent..........................................| 16 2 and under 4 percent....................................| 42 4 percent and over.......................................| 30 | Changes (in percent): | Mean change..................................................| 3.0 Median change................................................| 3.2 Mean increase.............................................| 3.7 Median increase...........................................| 3.2 | __________________________________ | | | | Annual change over | the contract term4/ _ | __________________________________ | | Total number of workers (in thousands).........................| 1,339 | Percent of workers | | All settlements................................................| 100 | No change...................................................| 5 Decreases...................................................| 3 Increases...................................................| 93 | Under 2 percent..........................................| 43 2 and under 3 percent....................................| 19 3 percent and over.......................................| 31 | Changes (in percent): | Mean change..................................................| 2.3 Median change................................................| 1.9 Mean increase.............................................| 2.5 Median increase...........................................| 2.0 | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median _ increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the con_ tract effective date. 3/ Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. _ 4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the _ life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 6. Rate changes: Percent distribution of workers under construction collective bargaining 1/ settlements covering 1,000 workers or more by change in compensation and wages, four quarters _ ended with first quarter of 1994 (preliminary) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | First-year change2/ _ Measure | _______________________________________ | | | Compensation | Wages alone | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | Total number of workers (in thousands)....................| 378 | 378 | | Percent of workers | | | | All settlements...........................................| 100 | 100 | | No change..............................................| 10 | 21 Decreases3/............................................| 3 | 2 _ Increases..............................................| 87 | 77 Under 2 percent.....................................| 17 | 24 2 and under 3 percent...............................| 22 | 27 3 and under 4 percent...............................| 24 | 6 4 and under 5 percent...............................| 7 | 7 5 percent and over..................................| 18 | 13 | | Changes (in percent): | | Mean change.............................................| 3.0 | 2.4 Median change...........................................| 2.8 | 2.0 Mean increase........................................| 3.5 | 3.2 Median increase......................................| 3.1 | 2.5 | | _______________________________________ | |Annual change over the contract term4/ _ | _______________________________________ | | | Compensation | Wages alone | | _______________________________________ | | | | Total number of workers (in thousands)....................| 378 | 378 | | Percent of workers | | | | All settlements...........................................| 100 | 100 | | No change..............................................| 8 | 13 Decreases3/............................................| 1 | 1 _ Increases..............................................| 92 | 87 Under 2 percent.....................................| 18 | 27 2 and under 3 percent...............................| 25 | 21 3 and under 4 percent...............................| 26 | 17 4 and under 5 percent...............................| 7 | 10 5 percent and over..................................| 16 | 12 | | Changes (in percent): | | Mean change.............................................| 3.0 | 2.7 Median change...........................................| 2.9 | 2.5 Mean increase........................................| 3.3 | 3.1 Median increase......................................| 3.1 | 2.7 | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Mean and median changes include net increases, decreases, and zero change. Mean and median _ increases refer to only those settlements with a net increase. Data exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the con_ tract effective date. 3/ Distributions are not shown to protect confidentiality. _ 4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate over the _ life of the contract. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 7. Rate changes: Selected characteristics of settlements covering 1,000 workers or more, by duration of contract, four quarters ended with first quarter of 1994 (preliminary) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Contract duration | ____________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Measure | | |More than | |More than | | | All |12 months | 12 and |24 months | 24 and |36 months |More than |contracts | or less |less than | |less than | |36 months | | |24 months | |36 months | | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Number of settlements...................| 375 | 43 | 22 | 25 | 49 | 130 | 106 | | | | | | | Number of workers (in thousands)........| 1,982 | 113 | 58 | 96 | 290 | 755 | 670 | | | | | | | Average contract duration (months)......| 35.6 | 11.7 | 15.2 | 24.0 | 32.6 | 36.0 | 43.9 | | | | | | | Percent change in wages1/: | | | | | | | _ | | | | | | | Annualized over the contract term.....| 2.1 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.5 | | | | | | | Occurring in: | | | | | | | First contract year2/...............| 2.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.0 _ Second contract year3/..............| 1.9 | NA | .3 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 2.7 _ Third contract year4/...............| 1.9 | NA | NA | NA | 1.4 | 1.4 | 2.8 _ Fourth contract year5/..............| 1.9 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.9 _ | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero _ COLA clauses. 2/ Data are not annualized. _ 3/ Average is based only on settlements with a _ 4/ Average is based only on settlements with a _ 5/ Average is based only on settlements with a change. Excludes lump-sum payments and potential changes from duration greater than 12 months. Data are not annualized. duration greater than 24 months. Data are not annualized. duration greater than 36 months. Data are not annualized. _ NOTE: Table 8. "NA" indicates not applicable. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes 1/ in wages and compensation in private _ industry collective bargaining settlements, by year and quarter (in percent) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Annual | Quarterly averages |averages | | | _________ _______________________________________ | | | | | Measure | | | 1992 | 1993 |199| | | | |42/ _ |1992|1993| | | ______________ ___________________ ____ | | | | | | | | | | | | | II |III | IV | I | II |III | IV |I2/ _ | | | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000| | | | | | | | | | workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | First year3/ | | | | | | | | | | _ All industries..........................| 2.7| 2.3| 2.8| 2.9| 1.8| 2.5| 2.5| 1.1| 2.8| 3.2 With COLA clauses......................| 2.7| 2.8| 1.9| (4)| 2.4| 3.1| 1.2| (4)| (4)| (4) Without COLA clauses...................| 2.7| 2.1| 3.0| (4)| 1.4| 2.1| 2.7| (4)| (4)| (4) With lump sums.........................| 2.8| 2.6| 2.3| 3.1| 2.9| 2.4| 1.4| (4)| (4)| 2.6 Without lump sums......................| 2.6| 2.0| 3.0| 2.8| .9| 2.6| 2.9| (4)| (4)| 3.5 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.8| 2.6| 2.4| 3.1| 2.8| 2.4| 1.5| 2.5| 2.9| 2.6 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.6| 2.0| 3.0| 2.8| .8| 2.6| 2.9| .2| 2.7| 3.5 Manufacturing...........................| 2.6| 2.7| 1.9| 3.2| (4)| 4.0| 1.7| (4)| (4)| 1.5 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 1.9| 2.7| 1.1| (4)| (4)| 4.2| 1.1| (4)| (4)| 1.0 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.4| 2.9| 3.2| (4)| (4)| 3.7| 2.6| (4)| (4)| 3.3 Nonmanufacturing........................| 2.7| 2.1| 3.0| 2.9| (4)| 1.7| 2.8| (4)| (4)| 3.6 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.2| 2.4| 3.1| (4)| (4)| .9| 2.0| (4)| (4)| 3.8 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 2.5| 1.8| 3.0| (4)| (4)| 2.2| 3.0| (4)| (4)| 3.5 Construction............................| 2.0| 2.1| 2.5| 1.1| (4)| (4)| 2.3| 1.7| (4)| (4) All industries excluding construction...| 2.9| 2.4| 3.0| 3.5| (4)| (4)| 2.7| 1.0| (4)| (4) Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.| 3.0| 2.0| 3.4| 3.5| (4)| (4)| 3.4| (4)| (4)| (4) Goods-producing.........................| 2.3| 2.6| 2.3| 1.9| 2.1| 3.6| 2.1| (4)| (4)| 3.4 Service-producing.......................| 3.0| 2.0| 3.4| 3.5| 1.6| 1.5| 3.4| (4)| (4)| 3.0 Annual average over the life of the | | | | | | | | | | contract5/ | | | | | | | | | | _ All industries..........................| 3.0| 2.1| 3.0| 3.1| 2.6| 2.7| 2.5| 1.7| 2.0| 2.5 With COLA clauses......................| 2.5| 1.4| 1.8| (4)| 2.9| 3.0| .9| (4)| (4)| (4) Without COLA clauses...................| 3.1| 2.5| 3.3| (4)| 2.3| 2.6| 2.7| (4)| (4)| (4) With lump sums.........................| 2.9| 1.9| 2.4| 3.2| 3.1| 2.6| 1.4| (4)| (4)| 1.7 Without lump sums......................| 3.0| 2.5| 3.3| 3.0| 2.2| 2.8| 2.8| (4)| (4)| 2.9 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.9| 1.9| 2.4| 3.2| 2.9| 2.6| 1.5| 1.5| 1.9| 1.7 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.0| 2.5| 3.3| 3.0| 2.2| 2.8| 2.9| 1.8| 2.2| 2.9 Manufacturing...........................| 2.6| 1.5| 1.8| 3.0| (4)| 3.5| 1.3| (4)| (4)| 1.7 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.0| 1.3| 1.0| (4)| (4)| 3.7| .6| (4)| (4)| 1.3 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.2| 2.5| 3.0| (4)| (4)| 3.2| 2.4| (4)| (4)| 3.3 Nonmanufacturing........................| 3.0| 2.5| 3.3| 3.1| (4)| 2.3| 2.8| (4)| (4)| 2.7 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.2| 2.6| 3.1| (4)| (4)| 1.7| 2.4| (4)| (4)| 2.1 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.0| 2.5| 3.4| (4)| (4)| 2.7| 2.9| (4)| (4)| 2.9 Construction............................| 2.4| 2.6| 2.9| 2.0| (4)| (4)| 2.7| 2.1| (4)| (4) All industries excluding construction...| 3.1| 2.1| 3.1| 3.4| (4)| (4)| 2.4| 1.6| (4)| (4) Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.| 3.3| 2.5| 3.6| 3.4| (4)| (4)| 3.1| (4)| (4)| (4) Goods-producing.........................| 2.5| 1.9| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 3.4| 2.2| (4)| (4)| 3.0 Service-producing.......................| 3.3| 2.6| 3.6| 3.4| 2.6| 2.1| 3.1| (4)| (4)| 2.2 | | | | | | | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | | First year3/............................| 3.0| 3.0| 3.6| 3.3| 1.4| 3.1| 3.2| 1.0| 3.8| 3.0 _ With COLA clauses......................| 4.1| 3.2| (4)| (4)| 3.3| 4.3| 1.7| (4)| (4)| Without COLA clauses...................| 2.7| 2.9| (4)| (4)|-1.1| 1.7| 3.4| (4)| (4)| 3.0 Annual over life of contract5/..........| 3.1| 2.4| 3.6| 3.0| 2.7| 3.2| 2.6| 1.4| 2.5| 2.6 _ With COLA clauses......................| 3.0| 1.7| (4)| (4)| 3.4| 3.8| .6| (4)| (4)| Without COLA clauses...................| 3.2| 2.8| (4)| (4)| 1.8| 2.4| 2.9| (4)| (4)| 2.6 | | | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer to _ whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Preliminary. _ 3/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months of the _ contract effective date. 4/ Data do not meet publication standards. _ 5/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual rate _ over the life of the contract. - There were no settlements in this cell. Table 9. Rate changes: Average (mean) changes 1/ in wages and compensation in private _ industry collective bargaining settlements during 4-quarter periods (in percent) _______________________________________________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended | ____________________________________________ | | | Measure | 1992 | 1993 |1994 | | | ___________________ ___________________ ____ | | | | | | | | | | I | II |III | IV | I | II |III | IV |I2/ _ | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | Wage changes in settlements covering 1,000| | | | | | | | | workers or more: | | | | | | | | | First year3/ | | | | | | | | | _ All industries..........................| 3.5| 3.2| 3.1| 2.7| 2.6| 2.5| 2.0| 2.3| 2.4 With COLA clauses......................| 3.3| 3.0| 3.1| 2.7| 2.8| 2.7| 2.5| 2.8| 2.7 Without COLA clauses...................| 3.5| 3.2| 3.1| 2.7| 2.6| 2.5| 1.8| 2.1| 2.3 With lump sums.........................| 3.3| 3.0| 3.0| 2.8| 2.7| 2.6| 2.3| 2.6| 2.6 Without lump sums......................| 3.5| 3.3| 3.1| 2.6| 2.6| 2.5| 1.8| 2.0| 2.1 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.4| 3.1| 3.1| 2.8| 2.7| 2.6| 2.3| 2.6| 2.6 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.5| 3.2| 3.1| 2.6| 2.6| 2.5| 1.7| 2.0| 2.1 Manufacturing...........................| 3.5| 3.1| 3.0| 2.6| 2.9| 2.8| 2.5| 2.7| 2.5 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.5| 3.0| 2.7| 1.9| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.7| 2.4 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.7| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.3| 3.1| 2.9| 2.7 Nonmanufacturing........................| 3.4| 3.2| 3.1| 2.7| 2.6| 2.5| 1.7| 2.1| 2.3 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 2.8| 2.7| 2.3| 2.4| 2.8 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.5| 3.2| 3.0| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 1.5| 1.8| 2.0 Construction............................| 2.3| 2.3| 2.0| 2.0| 1.9| 1.8| 2.0| 2.1| 2.4 All industries excluding construction...| 3.7| 3.4| 3.4| 2.9| 2.8| 2.7| 1.9| 2.4| 2.4 Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.| 3.7| 3.5| 3.5| 3.0| 2.8| 2.7| 1.5| 2.0| 2.3 Goods-producing.........................| 3.1| 2.8| 2.5| 2.3| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.6| 2.5 Service-producing.......................| 3.7| 3.5| 3.5| 3.0| 2.8| 2.7| 1.5| 2.0| 2.2 Annual average over the life of the | | | | | | | | | contract4/ | | | | | | | | | _ All industries..........................| 3.2| 3.1| 3.1| 3.0| 2.9| 2.7| 2.3| 2.1| 2.1 With COLA clauses......................| 3.0| 2.6| 2.6| 2.5| 2.6| 2.5| 2.1| 1.4| 1.0 Without COLA clauses...................| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5 With lump sums.........................| 2.8| 2.7| 2.9| 2.9| 2.9| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8 Without lump sums......................| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.0| 2.9| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.0| 2.8| 3.0| 2.9| 2.8| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.4| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 3.0| 2.8| 2.5| 2.5| 2.5 Manufacturing...........................| 3.0| 2.7| 2.7| 2.6| 2.8| 2.6| 2.1| 1.5| 1.2 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 2.9| 2.4| 2.3| 2.0| 2.4| 2.2| 1.8| 1.3| 1.0 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.3| 3.1| 3.1| 3.2| 3.2| 3.0| 2.9| 2.5| 2.3 Nonmanufacturing........................| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.0| 2.9| 2.8| 2.4| 2.5| 2.6 With either lump sums, COLA, or both...| 3.2| 3.1| 3.3| 3.2| 3.0| 2.9| 2.5| 2.6| 2.7 With neither lump sums nor COLA........| 3.4| 3.3| 3.1| 3.0| 2.9| 2.7| 2.4| 2.5| 2.5 Construction............................| 3.0| 2.7| 2.5| 2.4| 2.5| 2.4| 2.4| 2.6| 2.7 All industries excluding construction...| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 2.9| 2.3| 2.1| 2.0 Nonmanufacturing excluding construction.| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.3| 3.1| 3.0| 2.4| 2.5| 2.6 Goods-producing.........................| 3.0| 2.7| 2.6| 2.5| 2.6| 2.5| 2.3| 1.9| 1.8 Service-producing.......................| 3.4| 3.4| 3.4| 3.3| 3.1| 3.0| 2.4| 2.6| 2.6 | | | | | | | | | Compensation changes in settlements | | | | | | | | | covering 5,000 workers or more: | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | First year3/............................| 4.0| 3.6| 3.5| 3.0| 3.0| 2.9| 2.1| 3.0| 3.0 _ With COLA clauses......................| 4.3| 3.5| 4.3| 4.1| 4.2| 4.2| 3.0| 3.2| (5) Without COLA clauses...................| 3.9| 3.6| 3.2| 2.7| 2.6| 2.4| 1.5| 2.9| (5) Annual over life of contract4/..........| 3.4| 3.2| 3.2| 3.1| 3.1| 2.9| 2.4| 2.4| 2.3 _ With COLA clauses......................| 3.3| 2.7| 2.9| 3.0| 3.3| 3.3| 2.5| 1.7| (5) Without COLA clauses...................| 3.4| 3.4| 3.2| 3.2| 3.0| 2.8| 2.3| 2.8| (5) | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. The lump-sum measures refer _ to whether or not settlements have cash lump-sum provisions. All measures exclude any cash or benefit lump-sum payments and potential changes from COLA clauses. 2/ Preliminary. _ 3/ Changes under settlements reached in the period and effective within 12 months _ of the contract effective date. 4/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual _ rate over the life of the contract. 5/ Data do not meet publication standards. _ Table 10. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes 1/ in the cost of compensation and components _ 2/ annualized over the life of the contract in private industry collective bargaining _ settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, by quarter, and during 4-quarter periods (in percent) ______________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 1992 | 1993 |1994 | | | _______________________ _______________________ _____ | | | | | | | | | Item | I | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I3/ _ | | | | | | | | | _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ | | Quarterly averages | ______________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All industries | | | | | | | | | Compensation ..................| 2.8| 2.3| 2.3| 1.2| 1.9| 1.8| 0.9| 1.8| 2.0 Cash payments 4/...............| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 1.1| 1.4| 1.7| .8| 1.4| 1.9 _ Wages.........................| Benefits.......................| | 2.2| 2.1| 2.0| 1.3| 1.6| 1.7| .7| 1.4| 1.7 4.1| 2.7| 2.8| 1.4| 2.7| 1.8| 1.1| 2.4| 2.2 | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________ | | | | | | All industries | Compensation...................| Cash payments4/................| _ Wages.........................| Benefits.......................| With contingent pay provisions5/ | _ Compensation...................| Cash payments4/................| _ Wages.........................| Benefits.......................| Without contingent pay | provisions5/ | _ Compensation...................| Cash payments4/................| _ Wages.........................| Benefits.......................| | | Manufacturing | Compensation...................| Cash payments4/................| _ Wages.........................| Benefits.......................| | | Nonmanufacturing | Compensation...................| Cash payments4/................| Four quarters ended _____________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2.4| 2.2| 2.3| 2.1| 2.0| 1.9| 1.4| 1.6| 1.6 2.2| 2.2| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.7| 1.2| 1.3| 1.3 2.1| 2.6| | 2.0| 2.2| | 2.0| 2.6| | 1.9| 2.6| | 1.9| 2.5| | 1.8| 2.3| | 1.3| 1.7| | 1.3| 2.1| | 1.3 2.0 2.3| 2.1| 1.8| 1.8| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.0| 2.1| 1.9| 2.0| 1.7| 1.4| 1.2| 1.5| 1.2| 1.4 1.2 2.2| 2.7| | | 1.9| 1.8| | | 2.0| 2.0| | | 2.0| 2.3| | | 2.0| 2.5| | | 1.9| 2.5| | | 1.4| 1.8| | | 1.4| 2.0| | | 1.3 1.8 2.4| 2.3| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.1| 2.2| 1.9| 2.0| 1.8| 1.9| 1.7| 1.4| 1.3| 1.7| 1.4| 1.8 1.6 2.1| 2.5| | | | 2.2| 2.0| 2.1| 2.4| | | | 1.8| 1.8| 2.0| 2.9| | | | 2.0| 1.8| 1.9| 2.7| | | | 2.1| 1.5| 1.8| 2.5| | | | 2.1| 1.6| 1.7| 2.3| | | | 1.8| 1.3| 1.2| 1.6| | | | 1.1| 1.0| 1.3| 2.1| | | | 1.2| .8| 1.4 2.2 2.1| 2.7| | | | 2.5| 2.4| 1.8| 2.0| | | | 2.4| 2.3| 1.6| 2.5| | | | 2.3| 2.1| 1.7| 3.4| | | | 2.1| 2.0| 2.0| 3.3| | | | 2.0| 1.9| 1.7| 2.7| | | | 2.0| 1.8| 1.2| 1.4| | | | 1.5| 1.3| 1.1| 1.6| | | | 1.9| 1.6| .9 1.5 1.1 .7 2.0 1.8 _ Wages.........................| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.8| 1.3| 1.5| 1.6 Benefits.......................| 2.5| 2.3| 2.6| 2.5| 2.4| 2.2| 1.8| 2.4| 2.4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Goods-producing | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 2.3| 2.0| 1.8| 1.9| 1.9| 1.9| 1.6| 1.4| 1.4 Cash payments4/................| 2.0| 1.9| 1.7| 1.5| 1.5| 1.6| 1.4| 1.1| 1.2 _ Wages.........................| 2.1| 1.9| 1.6| 1.6| 1.8| 1.8| 1.5| 1.2| 1.2 Benefits.......................| 2.8| 2.2| 2.4| 2.8| 2.9| 2.7| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Service-producing | | | | | | | | | Compensation...................| 2.5| 2.3| 2.4| 2.2| 2.1| 2.0| 1.2| 1.8| 1.8 Cash payments4/................| 2.4| 2.3| 2.3| 2.1| 1.9| 1.8| 1.1| 1.5| 1.6 _ Wages.........................| 2.1| 2.1| 2.2| 2.0| 1.9| 1.8| 1.0| 1.5| 1.5 Benefits.......................| 2.4| 2.2| 2.7| 2.5| 2.4| 2.2| 1.3| 2.3| 2.3 | | | | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and no change. Excludes potential changes from con_ tingent pay provisions. 2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual (com_ pound) rate over the life of the contract. 3/ Preliminary. _ 4/ Cash payments include wages and lump-sum payments. _ 5/ Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump-sum payment _ clauses. Data exclude potential changes from contingent pay provisions. Table 11. Cost changes: Average (mean) changes 1/ in the cost of compensation and components annualized over the _ 2/ life of the contract in private industry collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000 workers or more, four _ quarters ended with first quarter of 1994 (preliminary) (in percent) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Cash | | | Number of Measure |Compensation| payments3/ | Wages | Benefits| workers _ | | | | | (000's) | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All industries...............................| 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 1,339 | | | | | With contingent pay provisions4/..........| 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 700 _ Without contingent pay provisions4/.......| 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 639 _ | | | | | Manufacturing................................| 1.1 | .7 | .9 | 1.5 | 562 | | | | | Nonmanufacturing.............................| 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 777 | | | | | Goods-producing..............................| 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 764 | | | | | Service-producing............................| 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 575 | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes net increases, decreases, and zero change. Excludes potential changes from contingent pay provi_ sions. 2/ Changes under settlements reached in the period expressed as an average annual (compound) rate over the life _ of the contract. 3/ Cash payments include wages and lump sum payments. _ 4/ Contingent pay provisions include COLA clauses and/or contingent lump sum payment clauses. Data exclude po_ tential changes from contingent pay provisions. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual employment items may not equal totals. Table 12. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 workers or more, by year and quarter (in percent) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | |Annual averages| Quarterly averages | | _______________ _______________________________________________________________ | | | | | Item | | | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1992 | 1993 | | | _______________________ _______________________________ _______ | | | | | | | | | | | | | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I1/ _ | | | | | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate changes 2/..........| 3.1 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.4 _ | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements..............| .8 | .9 | .2 | .3 | .2 | .1 | .2 | .1 | .5 | .1 Prior settlements................| 1.9 | 1.9 | .7 | .6 | .2 | .3 | .7 | .6 | .2 | .3 COLA provisions..................| .4 | .2 | .1 | .1 | .1 | .1 | .1 | (3) | (3) | (3) | | | | | | | | | | Industry | | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing....................| 3.1 | 3.3 | .8 | .9 | .6 | .6 | .9 | .6 | 1.1 | .4 Nonmanufacturing.................| 3.1 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 | .3 | .4 | 1.0 | .9 | .6 | .4 Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | | | construction...................| 3.0 | 2.8 | .8 | 1.2 | .4 | .4 | .8 | .9 | .7 | .4 Construction.....................| 3.4 | 2.7 | 2.2 | .8 | .1 | .3 | 1.6 | .7 | .1 | .3 Transportation and public | | | | | | | | | | utilities......................| 2.7 | 3.0 | .7 | 1.6 | .2 | .4 | .7 | 1.1 | .7 | .2 Wholesale and retail trade.......| 3.5 | 2.3 | 1.0 | .9 | .8 | .4 | .9 | .3 | .6 | .6 Services.........................| 3.7 | 3.4 | .6 | 1.1 | 1.0 | .6 | .7 | 1.5 | .6 | .8 Goods-producing..................| 3.1 | 3.1 | 1.2 | .8 | .4 | .5 | 1.1 | .6 | .8 | .4 Service-producing................| 3.0 | 2.8 | .8 | 1.2 | .4 | .5 | .8 | .9 | .7 | .4 | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate increase4/..........| 3.7 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 1.6 _ | | | | | | | | | | Source:5/ | | | | | | | | | | _ Current settlements..............| 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.6 Prior settlements................| 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 2.6 COLA provisions..................| 2.0 | 1.3 | .6 | .7 | .7 | .5 | .7 | .5 | .3 | .3 | | | | | | | | | | Number of workers receiving wage | | | | | | | | | | increases (in thousands)6/............|4,665.5|4,795.1|2,210.0|2,226.7|1,452.4|1,377.9|2,116.4|1,715.0|1,603.9|1,354.5 _ | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | | | Current settlements..............|1,292.3|1,671.7| 363.1| 526.3| 387.4| 221.8| 358.9| 359.5| 883.9| 131.1 Prior settlements................|2,817.8|2,999.2|1,042.2| 949.9| 325.1| 535.4|1,121.2|1,163.0| 377.0| 585.8 COLA provisions..................|1,036.3| 872.2| 827.9| 929.4| 775.8| 666.9| 661.8| 273.4| 720.5| 699.3 | | | | | | | | | | Number of workers not receiving a wage| | | | | | | | | | increase (in thousands)...............| 853.9| 681.0|3,309.4|3,292.6|4,067.0|4,098.2|3,359.7|3,761.2|3,872.2|4,137.3 | | | | | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Preliminary. _ 2/ Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, settlements reached in _ a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 3/ More than 0 and less than 0.05 percent. _ 4/ Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources is a wage rate increase. _ 5/ Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source is a wage rate increase. _ 6/ The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some workers receive wage _ changes from more than one source. Table 13. Rate changes: Average changes in wages in private industry collective bargaining agreements covering 1,000 workers or more during 4-quarter periods (in percent) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Four quarters ended | _______________________________________________________________ | | | Item | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | | | _______________________ _______________________________ _______ | | | | | | | | | II | III | IV | I | II | III | IV | I1/ _ | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate changes 2/.....| 3.4| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 2.9| 2.6| 3.0| 2.9 _ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | Current settlements..........| .9| .9| .8| .8| .7| .6| .9| .8 Prior settlements............| 2.0| 1.9| 1.9| 1.8| 1.8| 1.8| 1.9| 1.8 COLA provisions..............| .4| .4| .4| .4| .4| .3| .2| .2 | | | | | | | | Industry | | | | | | | | Manufacturing................| 3.1| 3.2| 3.1| 2.9| 3.0| 2.7| 3.3| 3.1 Nonmanufacturing.............| 3.5| 3.2| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| 2.6| 2.8| 2.8 Nonmanufacturing excluding | | | | | | | | construction................| 3.5| 3.3| 3.0| 2.9| 2.9| 2.6| 2.8| 2.8 Construction.................| 3.4| 3.0| 3.4| 3.3| 2.7| 2.5| 2.7| 2.7 Transportation and public | | | | | | | | utilities...................| 3.1| 3.3| 2.7| 2.8| 2.9| 2.5| 3.0| 2.7 Wholesale and retail trade...| 3.8| 3.5| 3.5| 3.1| 3.0| 2.4| 2.3| 2.5 Services.....................| 4.6| 3.3| 3.7| 3.2| 3.3| 3.8| 3.4| 3.5 Goods-producing..............| 3.2| 3.1| 3.1| 3.0| 2.8| 2.6| 3.1| 2.9 Service-producing............| 3.6| 3.4| 3.0| 2.9| 2.9| 2.7| 2.8| 2.8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average wage rate increase3/.....| 3.9| 3.8| 3.7| 3.6| 3.6| 3.4| 3.5| 3.4 _ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source:4/ | | | | | | | | _ Current settlements..........| 3.9| 3.6| 3.6| 3.5| 3.1| 3.0| 3.2| 3.1 Prior settlements............| 3.7| 3.7| 3.8| 3.7| 3.5| 3.3| 3.4| 3.3 COLA provisions..............| 1.9| 2.1| 2.0| 2.0| 2.0| 1.8| 1.3| 1.2 | | | | | | | | Number of workers receiving wage | | | | | | | | increases (in thousands)5/.......|4,870.2|4,748.4|4,665.5|4,630.8|4,528.5|4,468.8|4,795.1|4,684.9 _ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Source: | | | | | | | | Current settlements..........|1,320.5|1,391.5|1,292.3|1,347.8|1,405.0|1,229.8|1,671.7|1,636.7 Prior settlements............|3,092.1|2,973.4|2,817.8|2,706.0|2,785.0|2,965.9|2,999.2|2,989.1 COLA provisions..............|1,244.8|1,063.9|1,036.3|1,067.4|1,064.2| 921.2| 872.2| 841.0 | | | | | | | | Number of workers not receiving a| | | | | | | | wage increase (in thousands)......| 730.5| 852.2| 853.9| 888.7| 991.0|1,050.7| 681.0| 791.2 | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Preliminary. _ 2/ Includes increases, decreases, and zero change in wages stemming from current settlements, _ agreements reached in a prior period, and COLA clauses. Because of rounding and compounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 3/ Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from all sources is an _ increase. 4/ Reflects only contracts where the net effect of increases and decreases from each source is an _ increase. 5/ The employment total does not equal the sum of employment for each source, because some _ workers receive wage changes from more than one source.