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1 Technical information: (202) 691-5870 http://www.bls.gov/jlt/ Media contact: USDL 07-1881 For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Tuesday, December 11, 2007 691-5902 JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: OCTOBER 2007 On the last business day of October, there were 4.1 million job openings in the United States, and the job openings rate was 2.9 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The job openings, hires, and total separations rates were all essentially unchanged in October. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region. Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, Percent November 2004 - October 2007 Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted, Percent November 2004 - October 2007 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.5 Hires 3.3 3.5 3.1 2.9 3.3 Separations 2.7 3.1 2.5 2.3 2.9 2.1 1.9 2.7 1.7 1.5 2005 2006 2.5 2007 2005 2006 2007 Job Openings In October, the job openings rate remained at 2.9 percent. The rate has been 2.9 percent for 8 of the past 9 months. Job openings include only those jobs open on the last business day of the month. The job openings rate changed significantly in October only in retail trade, falling from 2.3 percent in September to 1.9 percent in October. Over the month, the job openings rate rose in the Northeast region (2.6 percent) and fell in the Midwest region (2.3 percent). The seasonally adjusted job openings rate was highest in October in accommodations and food services (4.9 percent). (See table 1.) Over the year, the job openings rate rose in wholesale trade (2.9 percent); accommodations and food services (4.6 percent); and federal government (1.7 percent). The rate fell over the year in natural resources and mining (1.4 percent); durable goods manufacturing (1.9 percent); retail trade (2.5 percent); information (2.7 percent); health care and social assistance (3.9 percent); and arts, entertainment, and recreation (2.8 percent). Regionally, the job openings rate fell over the year in the Northeast (2.8 percent). (See table 5.) Hires The hires rate was little changed at 3.5 percent in October. Hires are any additions to the payroll during the month. In October, the hires rate increased in education and health services (2.8 percent), in accommo- 2 Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted Industry Total 1 ……………………………………………… Total private 1 ………………………………….. Construction .................................................. Manufacturing ............................................... Trade, transportation, and utilities 2…...... Retail trade ............................................... Professional and business services .......... Education and health services ................... Leisure and hospitality 3……………..…… Accommodations and food services... Government 4……………………………………. State and local government ........................ Job openings Hires Sept. Oct. Oct. Sept. Oct. Oct. p 2006 2007 2007 p 2006 2007 2007 Levels (in thousands) 4,157 4,119 4,122 4,983 4,714 4,903 3,702 3,664 3,652 4,616 4,355 4,502 137 138 163 345 336 336 364 319 309 366 365 389 658 691 638 1,008 994 1,019 370 367 303 713 709 708 709 661 712 994 800 828 749 720 704 529 448 523 579 653 664 893 906 960 487 587 598 758 749 835 460 455 470 363 370 378 423 408 420 320 296 314 Total separations Oct. Sept. Oct. p 2006 2007 2007 4,613 4,323 373 359 987 688 921 424 791 673 298 248 4,430 4,146 364 379 954 676 832 411 723 627 289 213 4,665 4,394 384 397 994 682 882 431 811 692 292 240 3.4 3.8 4.8 2.5 3.8 4.5 5.2 2.4 6.0 5.9 1.3 1.3 3.2 3.6 4.8 2.7 3.6 4.4 4.6 2.2 5.3 5.4 1.3 1.1 3.4 3.8 5.1 2.8 3.8 4.4 4.9 2.3 5.9 5.9 1.3 1.2 Rates (percent) Total 1 ……………………………………………… Total private 1…………………………………… Construction .................................................. Manufacturing ............................................... Trade, transportation, and utilities 2……. Retail trade ............................................... Professional and business services .......... Education and health services ................... Leisure and hospitality 3……………..…... Accommodations and food services Government 4…………………………………… State and local government ........................ 1 2 3 4 3.0 3.1 1.7 2.5 2.4 2.4 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.1 2.0 2.1 2.9 3.1 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.3 3.5 3.7 4.6 4.8 2.0 2.0 2.9 3.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 1.9 3.8 3.7 4.6 4.9 2.1 2.1 3.6 4.0 4.5 2.6 3.8 4.7 5.6 2.9 6.7 6.7 1.6 1.7 3.4 3.8 4.4 2.6 3.7 4.6 4.5 2.4 6.6 6.4 1.7 1.5 3.5 3.9 4.4 2.8 3.8 4.6 4.6 2.8 7.0 7.1 1.7 1.6 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. Includes federal government, not shown separately. p = preliminary. 3 dations and food services (7.1 percent), and in the West region (3.9 percent). The hires rate did not fall significantly in October in any industry or region. As occurs nearly every month, the seasonally adjusted hires rate in October was highest in accommodations and food services (7.1 percent). (See table 2.) From October 2006 to October 2007, the hires rate decreased over the year in professional and business services (4.7 percent), in other services (3.0 percent), and in the Northeast region (2.5 percent). The hires rate did not increase significantly in any industry or region over the year. (See table 6.) Separations The total separations, or turnover, rate was essentially unchanged at 3.4 percent in October. Separations are terminations of employment that occur at any time during the month. Over the month, the separations rate changed significantly in state and local government (1.2 percent) and in the West region (3.8 percent); both rates rose. From October 2006 to October 2007, the total separations rate increased in durable goods manufacturing (2.7 percent) and wholesale trade (2.8 percent). Over the year, the total separations rate decreased in information (1.7 percent) and federal government (0.9 percent). The total separations rate did not change significantly in any region over the year. (See tables 3 and 7.) Total separations include quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including retirements). The quits rate, which can serve as a barometer of workers’ ability to change jobs, was unchanged in October. The quits rate increased over the month in professional and business services (2.8 percent) and accommodations and food services (4.4 percent). Geographically, the quits rate rose over the month in the West (2.3 percent). As has occurred every month since the series began in December 2000, the seasonally adjusted quits rate in October was highest in accommodations and food services (4.4 percent). (See table 4.) Over the year, the quits rate did not rise significantly in any industry but did fall in several industries, including information (1.1 percent); real estate and rental and leasing (1.4 percent); health care and social assistance (1.4 percent); and federal government (0.3 percent). Geographically, the quits rate rose over the year in the West (2.1 percent) and fell over the year in the Midwest (1.6 percent). (See table 8.) The other two components of total separations—layoffs and discharges, and other separations—are not seasonally adjusted. For October, the layoffs and discharges rate (1.3 percent) and level (1.8 million) were little changed from a year earlier. The layoffs and discharges rate in October 2007 was highest in arts, entertainment, and recreation (5.4 percent). The other separations level decreased over the year to 247,000. (See tables 9 and 10.) Flows in the Labor Market Several industries consistently have high rates of both hires and separations. These include construction; retail trade; professional and business services; arts, entertainment, and recreation; and accommodations and food services. In the 12 months ending in October 2007, these 5 industries produced 33.9 million hires and 32.3 million separations. Thus, these five industries accounted for 58 percent of total nonfarm hires and 59 percent of total nonfarm separations while comprising only 39 percent of total nonfarm employment. Although the month-to-month changes in job openings and turnover data are often small, some industries are experiencing significant over-the-year change. From October 2006 to October 2007, the information industry had decreases in its job openings, hires, and total separations rates. 4 For More Information For additional information, please read the Technical Note or visit the JOLTS Web site at http:// www.bls.gov/jlt/. Additional information about JOLTS also may be obtained by e-mailing Joltsinfo@bls.gov or by calling (202) 691-5870. ______________________________ The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for November 2007 is scheduled to be issued on Thursday, January 10, 2008. Release dates for the balance of 2008 are as follows: Dec. — Feb. 12 Jan. — March 12 Feb. — April 8 March — May 15 April — June 10 May — July 9 June — Aug. 12 July — Sept. 9 Aug. — Oct. 7 Sept. — Nov. 13 Oct. — Dec. 9 Technical Note The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Collection Each month, data are collected in a survey of business establishments for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, and mail. Coverage The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Concepts Industry classification. The industry classifications in this release are in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the industry code, location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment characteristics resulting from the verification process are always introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the first month of the year. Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where they are working. Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for the last business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using other similar methods. Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100. Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and are reported by type of separation— quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other discharges for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term employees, and terminations of seasonal employees. Other separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations do not include transfers within the same location or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and multiplying by 100. Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are released with the January news release each year. The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual estimates will be published only for not seasonally adjusted data. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can be created by summing the monthly estimates. Sample methodology The JOLTS sample design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over eight million establishments compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program. This program includes all employers subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE). The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and size class. Large firms fall into the sample with virtual certainty. JOLTS total employment estimates are controlled to the employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements. Rates are then computed from the adjusted levels. Using JOLTS data The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting data at that time. In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and separations data were revised to address possible underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be comparable with estimates for March 2002 and later. The federal government reorganization that involved transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel Management’s record shows these transfers were completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal government time series. Seasonal adjustment BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. Prior to the January 2007 benchmark release in March 2007, seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series was conducted using the stable seasonal filter option since there were not enough data observations available for the standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters. Although the seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series is conducted with fewer data observations than is customary, the number of observations is now above the minimum required by X-12-ARIMA to use the normal seasonal filters. Therefore, the standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters is now in place for JOLTS seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment now includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. Due to the improved diagnostics, three additional industries are now seasonally adjusted: retail trade, accommodations and food services, and state and local government. It is expected that more series may be seasonally adjusted when more data are available. Reliability of the estimates JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are available upon request. The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation. JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to exactly explain net changes in nonfarm payroll employment. Some reasons why it is problematic to compare changes in payroll employment with JOLTS hires and separations, especially on a monthly basis, are: 1) the reference period for payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the month, while the reference period for hires and separations is the calendar month; and 2) payroll employment can vary from month to month simply because part-time and on-call workers may not always work during the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Additionally, research has found that some reporters systematically underreport separations relative to hires due to a number of factors, including the nature of their payroll systems and practices. The shortfall appears to be about 2 percent or less over a 12-month period. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. Table 1. Job openings levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels 3 (in thousands) June July Aug. 2007 2007 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007p Oct. 2006 May 2007 June 2007 Rates July 2007 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007p 4,157 4,095 4,280 4,186 4,168 4,119 Total 4…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,122 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3,652 163 309 638 303 712 704 664 598 470 420 3.1 1.7 2.5 2.4 2.4 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.1 2.0 2.1 3.0 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.1 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.1 2.1 2.1 3.2 1.8 2.4 2.5 2.6 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.1 2.0 2.1 3.1 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.5 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.1 2.1 2.2 3.1 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.4 3.6 3.6 4.1 4.3 2.0 2.1 3.1 1.8 2.2 2.5 2.3 3.5 3.7 4.6 4.8 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 1.9 3.8 3.7 4.6 4.9 2.1 2.1 687 1,663 757 1,025 2.9 3.3 2.4 3.1 2.5 3.2 2.4 3.1 2.8 3.2 2.5 3.5 2.8 3.2 2.3 3.5 2.6 3.3 2.4 3.2 2.3 3.2 2.5 3.3 2.6 3.2 2.3 3.2 Industry and region Oct. 2006 May 2007 INDUSTRY 4 Total private ……………………………………………………………………………….. 3,702 3,627 3,810 3,711 3,709 3,664 Construction……………………………………………………………… 137 157 139 167 149 138 Manufacturing………………………………………………………. 364 345 344 340 328 319 Trade, transportation, and utilities 5………………………… 658 609 676 684 703 691 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 370 337 409 399 380 367 Professional and business services……………………. 709 654 763 693 676 661 Education and health services…………………………………………. 749 703 711 717 700 720 Leisure and hospitality 6………………...…………………………… 579 571 568 547 585 653 Accommodations and food services……………………. 487 500 497 497 518 587 Government 7…………………………………………………………………………….. 460 468 465 475 449 455 State and local government…………….………………………………………….………………. 423 424 424 430 410 408 REGION 8 Northeast………………………………………………………………. 760 674 732 741 682 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,649 1,648 1,635 1,612 1,690 Midwest…………………………………………………………………………….. 769 799 805 754 778 West………………………………………………………………………….. 989 970 1,106 1,120 1,024 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 611 1,651 828 1,048 8 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. p = preliminary. Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels 3 (in thousands) June July Aug. 2007 2007 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007p Oct. 2006 May 2007 June 2007 Rates July 2007 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007p Total 4…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,983 4,982 4,741 4,802 4,836 4,714 4,903 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 4,502 336 389 1,019 708 828 523 960 835 378 314 4.0 4.5 2.6 3.8 4.7 5.6 2.9 6.7 6.7 1.6 1.7 3.9 4.6 2.5 3.9 4.6 5.2 2.8 6.5 6.5 1.8 1.7 3.7 4.7 2.5 3.4 3.9 4.8 2.7 6.3 6.4 1.8 1.6 3.8 5.3 2.6 3.5 4.0 4.9 2.7 6.4 6.5 1.7 1.5 3.8 4.9 2.5 3.5 4.3 4.4 2.7 6.6 6.5 1.8 1.6 3.8 4.4 2.6 3.7 4.6 4.5 2.4 6.6 6.4 1.7 1.5 3.9 4.4 2.8 3.8 4.6 4.6 2.8 7.0 7.1 1.7 1.6 647 1,916 1,114 1,211 2.8 4.0 3.5 3.9 2.7 4.0 3.5 3.7 2.6 3.7 3.4 3.6 2.9 3.8 3.3 3.7 2.9 3.7 3.4 3.7 2.7 3.7 3.5 3.5 2.5 3.9 3.5 3.9 Industry and region Oct. 2006 May 2007 INDUSTRY Total private 4……………………………………………………………………………….. 4,616 4,503 4,335 4,443 4,369 4,355 Construction……………………………………………………………… 345 351 358 408 371 336 Manufacturing………………………………………………………. 366 356 355 359 349 365 Trade, transportation, and utilities 5………………………… 1,008 1,044 910 924 922 994 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 713 715 605 613 666 709 Professional and business services……………………. 994 935 865 879 797 800 Education and health services…………………………………………. 529 507 493 502 501 448 Leisure and hospitality 6………………...…………………………… 893 873 854 874 901 906 Accommodations and food services……………………. 758 755 736 748 758 749 Government 7…………………………………………………………………………….. 363 409 395 385 396 370 State and local government…………….………………………………………….………………. 320 330 312 293 314 296 REGION 8 Northeast………………………………………………………………. 727 705 684 750 761 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,969 1,960 1,842 1,898 1,841 Midwest…………………………………………………………………………….. 1,097 1,101 1,082 1,039 1,081 West………………………………………………………………………….. 1,198 1,143 1,117 1,135 1,148 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 2 689 1,848 1,125 1,068 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 3. Total separations levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels 3 (in thousands) June July Aug. 2007 2007 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007p Oct. 2006 May 2007 June 2007 Rates July 2007 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007p Total 4…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,613 4,544 4,543 4,507 4,446 4,430 4,665 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 4,394 384 397 994 682 882 431 811 692 292 240 3.8 4.8 2.5 3.8 4.5 5.2 2.4 6.0 5.9 1.3 1.3 3.7 4.5 2.8 3.6 4.5 4.3 2.4 6.2 6.2 1.4 1.2 3.7 4.7 2.7 3.7 4.5 4.1 2.6 6.3 6.3 1.4 1.2 3.6 5.0 2.7 3.7 4.5 4.1 2.2 6.2 6.3 1.5 1.3 3.6 4.9 2.7 3.5 4.2 4.1 2.3 6.0 6.1 1.4 1.3 3.6 4.8 2.7 3.6 4.4 4.6 2.2 5.3 5.4 1.3 1.1 3.8 5.1 2.8 3.8 4.4 4.9 2.3 5.9 5.9 1.3 1.2 681 1,757 1,005 1,190 2.9 3.5 3.4 3.5 2.5 3.6 3.2 3.4 2.5 3.4 3.2 3.9 2.4 3.5 3.2 3.7 2.6 3.5 3.3 3.4 2.4 3.6 3.1 3.3 2.6 3.5 3.1 3.8 Industry and region Oct. 2006 May 2007 INDUSTRY 4 Total private ……………………………………………………………………………….. 4,323 4,233 4,234 4,173 4,120 4,146 Construction……………………………………………………………… 373 346 363 384 371 364 Manufacturing………………………………………………………. 359 396 382 379 380 379 Trade, transportation, and utilities 5………………………… 987 950 974 987 926 954 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 688 685 688 687 652 676 Professional and business services……………………. 921 775 728 733 742 832 Education and health services…………………………………………. 424 437 473 414 430 411 Leisure and hospitality 6………………...…………………………… 791 833 850 837 808 723 Accommodations and food services……………………. 673 715 730 735 703 627 7 Government …………………………………………………………………………….. 298 315 310 323 322 289 State and local government…………….………………………………………….………………. 248 239 239 254 255 213 REGION 8 Northeast………………………………………………………………. 745 642 634 622 667 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,709 1,798 1,699 1,744 1,710 Midwest…………………………………………………………………………….. 1,072 1,024 1,033 1,014 1,038 West………………………………………………………………………….. 1,081 1,062 1,191 1,149 1,053 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, 631 1,760 998 1,018 and other services, not shown separately. 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels 3 (in thousands) June July Aug. 2007 2007 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007p Oct. 2006 May 2007 June 2007 Rates July 2007 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007p 2,655 2,686 2,627 2,640 2,539 2,450 Total 4…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2,653 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 2,507 136 200 589 433 504 256 561 519 146 128 2.2 1.8 1.4 2.3 2.9 2.7 1.5 4.1 4.4 .7 .6 2.2 1.6 1.5 2.3 2.9 2.4 1.6 4.1 4.3 .7 .7 2.1 1.7 1.4 2.3 2.9 2.3 1.5 4.4 4.7 .7 .6 2.2 2.3 1.3 2.2 2.8 2.3 1.5 4.4 4.8 .7 .6 2.1 1.9 1.4 2.1 2.6 2.2 1.5 4.1 4.4 .7 .6 2.0 1.8 1.4 2.1 2.7 2.3 1.4 3.0 3.1 .7 .6 2.2 1.8 1.4 2.2 2.8 2.8 1.4 4.1 4.4 .7 .7 336 1,077 549 702 1.4 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.3 2.4 1.7 2.1 1.5 2.1 1.7 2.1 1.2 2.2 1.7 2.2 1.2 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.2 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.3 2.2 1.7 2.3 Industry and region Oct. 2006 May 2007 INDUSTRY 4 Total private ……………………………………………………………………………….. 2,513 2,530 2,475 2,493 2,391 2,308 Construction……………………………………………………………… 137 124 129 176 145 135 Manufacturing………………………………………………………. 196 216 195 186 202 189 Trade, transportation, and utilities 5………………………… 593 606 618 572 545 559 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 438 445 448 427 401 412 Professional and business services……………………. 475 424 411 418 395 420 Education and health services…………………………………………. 274 284 271 276 270 253 Leisure and hospitality 6………………...…………………………… 542 551 595 597 557 410 Accommodations and food services……………………. 496 503 540 552 505 363 Government 7…………………………………………………………………………….. 144 157 152 148 148 146 State and local government…………….………………………………………….………………. 124 130 123 125 126 123 REGION 8 Northeast………………………………………………………………. 359 331 380 314 313 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,101 1,162 1,049 1,097 1,070 Midwest…………………………………………………………………………….. 604 551 555 553 564 West………………………………………………………………………….. 592 643 648 669 598 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 2 306 1,012 543 582 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 5. Job openings levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Oct. 2006 Sept. 2007 Rates Oct. 2007p Oct. 2006 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007p Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,189 4,273 4,157 3.0 3.0 2.9 Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 3,740 3,830 3,698 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 14 12 11 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 120 132 145 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 356 321 300 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 226 191 174 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 130 130 126 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 762 790 729 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 130 190 181 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 489 445 401 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 143 156 148 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 153 90 86 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 227 244 233 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 184 203 186 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 43 41 47 Professional and business services…………………………………. 711 669 721 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 740 750 698 Educational services………………………………………………………. 68 69 65 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 673 681 633 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 517 639 614 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 81 67 55 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 436 572 559 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 140 184 161 3.1 2.0 1.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.1 3.1 2.7 4.8 2.6 2.9 1.9 3.8 3.9 2.1 4.3 3.8 4.1 3.7 2.5 3.2 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 3.2 1.8 3.6 3.9 2.3 4.2 4.4 3.2 4.6 3.3 3.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.1 3.8 3.6 2.0 3.9 4.3 2.8 4.6 2.9 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 448 443 459 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 32 42 46 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 417 401 413 2.0 1.1 2.1 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.7 2.0 3.1 3.2 2.4 3.1 2.5 3.2 2.7 3.3 2.8 3.2 2.3 3.2 INDUSTRY REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 810 661 744 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,620 1,662 1,637 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 775 885 762 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 984 1,064 1,015 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 6. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Oct. 2006 Sept. 2007 Rates Oct. 2007p Oct. 2006 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007p Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,985 5,135 4,931 3.6 3.7 3.5 Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 4,645 4,572 4,587 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 20 27 19 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 309 332 297 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 331 382 359 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 187 214 211 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 144 168 148 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 1,122 1,105 1,149 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 139 183 171 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 823 756 831 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 159 167 147 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 74 60 60 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 217 236 224 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 140 142 164 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 77 93 59 Professional and business services…………………………………. 1,013 830 854 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 535 561 539 Educational services………………………………………………………. 73 130 68 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 463 431 472 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 810 866 920 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 81 124 93 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 729 742 827 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 215 172 166 4.0 2.8 3.9 2.3 2.1 2.8 4.3 2.3 5.4 3.1 2.4 2.6 2.3 3.5 5.7 2.9 2.3 3.1 6.1 4.3 6.5 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.2 2.7 2.4 3.3 4.2 3.0 4.9 3.2 2.0 2.8 2.3 4.2 4.6 3.0 4.4 2.8 6.3 6.1 6.3 3.2 3.9 2.5 3.8 2.6 2.4 2.9 4.3 2.8 5.4 2.9 2.0 2.7 2.6 2.7 4.7 2.9 2.1 3.0 6.8 4.8 7.1 3.0 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 340 563 344 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 31 113 37 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 308 451 307 1.5 1.2 1.6 2.5 4.2 2.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 2.9 4.0 3.4 4.0 3.3 3.9 3.8 3.7 2.5 3.9 3.4 4.0 INDUSTRY REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 738 848 642 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,962 1,922 1,938 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 1,068 1,214 1,098 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1,218 1,150 1,253 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 7. Total separations levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Oct. 2006 Sept. 2007 Rates Oct. 2007p Oct. 2006 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007p Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,621 4,896 4,689 3.4 3.5 3.4 Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 4,380 4,526 4,462 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 16 30 19 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 380 379 407 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 357 400 399 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 201 228 239 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 157 173 160 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 926 1,008 948 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 119 152 172 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 642 706 634 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 165 150 142 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 80 78 54 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 249 235 228 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 149 153 155 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 100 82 74 Professional and business services…………………………………. 888 847 910 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 379 442 387 Educational services………………………………………………………. 38 53 34 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 342 389 353 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 935 928 946 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 153 209 153 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 782 719 793 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 169 179 165 3.8 2.3 4.8 2.5 2.2 3.0 3.5 2.0 4.2 3.3 2.6 3.0 2.4 4.6 5.0 2.1 1.2 2.3 7.1 8.0 6.9 3.1 3.9 4.1 4.8 2.8 2.6 3.3 3.8 2.5 4.6 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.5 3.7 4.7 2.4 1.8 2.5 6.7 10.2 6.1 3.3 3.8 2.5 5.2 2.9 2.7 3.1 3.6 2.8 4.1 2.8 1.7 2.7 2.5 3.3 5.0 2.1 1.1 2.3 7.0 7.9 6.8 3.0 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 241 370 227 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 32 103 24 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 209 267 203 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.7 3.8 1.4 1.0 .9 1.0 2.9 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.7 3.4 3.7 2.7 3.5 3.1 3.9 INDUSTRY REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 754 802 711 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,731 1,839 1,771 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 1,055 1,098 991 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1,081 1,157 1,217 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 8. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Oct. 2006 Sept. 2007 Rates Oct. 2007p Oct. 2006 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007p Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2,593 2,671 2,604 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.8 2.2 1.1 2.8 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.6 2.6 2.4 1.4 .6 1.6 4.4 3.0 4.6 1.4 2.1 2.7 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.8 2.3 1.4 2.9 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.9 2.4 1.5 1.1 1.6 3.8 3.3 3.8 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.7 2.1 1.3 2.7 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.4 2.6 1.3 .6 1.4 4.3 2.3 4.7 1.9 .5 .5 .5 .8 1.3 .7 .5 .3 .5 1.4 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.5 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.3 2.2 1.6 2.1 INDUSTRY Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 2,473 2,498 2,486 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 10 20 11 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 140 144 141 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 196 207 202 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 104 114 116 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 93 93 86 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 567 610 566 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 65 87 78 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 424 445 422 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 78 78 66 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 52 52 34 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 157 132 124 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 100 91 92 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 57 41 32 Professional and business services…………………………………. 432 426 477 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 260 275 237 Educational services………………………………………………………. 17 32 20 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 243 243 217 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 580 517 590 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 56 68 44 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 524 450 545 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 78 116 104 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 120 173 118 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 14 36 9 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 105 137 109 REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 351 389 341 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,109 1,047 1,079 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 584 595 527 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 549 640 656 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Oct. 2006 Sept. 2007 Rates Oct. 2007p Oct. 2006 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007p Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,706 1,924 1,838 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 .5 2.6 .9 .9 1.0 1.1 .8 1.1 1.2 .8 .9 .6 1.7 2.2 .5 .6 .5 2.6 4.9 2.2 1.3 1.5 1.1 2.8 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.1 .6 1.1 .9 1.7 2.1 .8 .6 .8 2.9 6.8 2.2 1.0 1.5 .8 3.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.2 .4 1.1 .9 1.6 2.2 .6 .4 .6 2.4 5.4 2.0 .9 .4 .4 .4 .6 1.0 .5 .3 .3 .3 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.7 INDUSTRY Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 1,620 1,800 1,762 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 4 8 6 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 206 221 251 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 134 167 178 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 80 101 113 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 54 67 64 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 282 327 337 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 46 59 89 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 174 210 189 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 62 59 59 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 23 19 12 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 73 91 89 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 36 53 53 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 37 38 36 Professional and business services…………………………………. 400 371 395 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 88 143 112 Educational services………………………………………………………. 17 18 11 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 71 126 100 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 337 397 333 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 94 139 106 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 243 257 228 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 71 55 50 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 87 124 76 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 11 27 9 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 76 97 67 REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 345 345 309 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 495 707 598 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 411 438 414 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 455 435 517 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 10. Other separations levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Oct. 2006 Sept. 2007 Rates Oct. 2007p Oct. 2006 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007p Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 322 301 247 0.2 0.2 0.2 Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 287 228 214 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 2 2 2 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 34 14 15 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 27 26 19 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 17 13 10 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 10 13 10 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 77 71 45 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 7 6 5 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 44 51 23 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 26 13 16 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 5 7 8 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 19 12 15 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 13 9 9 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 7 3 6 Professional and business services…………………………………. 55 50 39 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 31 25 38 Educational services………………………………………………………. 3 3 3 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 27 21 35 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 17 14 23 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 2 2 3 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 15 12 20 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 20 8 10 .2 .3 .4 .2 .2 .2 .3 .1 .3 .5 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .4 .2 .3 .2 .2 .1 .2 .3 .1 .3 .3 .2 .1 .1 .1 .3 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 .1 .3 .3 .2 .1 .3 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 35 73 32 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 7 40 6 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 27 33 27 .2 .3 .1 .3 1.5 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 .3 .2 .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .1 INDUSTRY REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 58 68 60 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 127 86 94 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 60 65 49 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 77 82 44 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2