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1 Technical information: (202) 691-5870 http://www.bls.gov/jlt/ Media contact: USDL 06-1200 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Tuesday, July 11, 2006 691-5902 JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: MAY 2006 The hires rate increased, while the job openings and total separations rates were essentially unchanged in May, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region. Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, Percent June 2003 - May 2006 Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted, Percent June 2003 - May 2006 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.5 Hires 3.3 3.5 3.1 2.9 3.3 2.7 Separations 3.1 2.5 2.3 2.9 2.1 1.9 2.7 1.7 1.5 2.5 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 Job Openings On the last business day of May 2006, there were 4.0 million job openings in the United States, and the job openings rate was 2.9 percent. The job openings rate was unchanged over the month and has been essentially unchanged since November 2005. There were no significant over-the-month changes in the job openings rate in any industry or region. The industries with the highest seasonally adjusted job openings rates in May 2006 were professional and business services, and leisure and hospitality (3.8 percent each), and education and health services (3.5 percent). (See table 1.) Over the year, the job openings rate increased in several industries and in three of the four regions—the Northeast, South, and West. None of the industries or regions experienced a significant decrease in the job openings rate from the prior year. (See table 5.) Hires The hires rate increased to 3.7 percent in May, offsetting declines in the previous 2 months. Hires are any additions to the payroll during the month. In May, the hires rate increased in manufacturing, professional and business services, and in the Midwest region. There were no significant declines in the hires rate in any 2 Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted Job openings Industry May 2005 1 Total ........................................................... 3,364 Total private 1................................... .... 3,005 Construction ..................................... 114 Manufacturing ................................ 235 Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................................... 613 Professional and business services ......................................... 623 Education and health services ..... 597 Leisure and hospitality .................. 447 Government .......................................... 361 Hires Apr. 2006 May 2006 p May 2005 4,070 3,603 138 323 3,989 3,542 125 308 Levels (in thousands) 4,649 4,962 4,778 4,454 4,301 4,586 434 376 365 344 328 377 4,543 4,290 405 384 4,495 4,203 373 346 4,654 4,339 461 382 672 706 1,043 1,029 1,047 1,013 1,022 1,005 748 674 485 467 677 643 518 452 862 469 782 325 858 481 775 361 1,004 518 810 380 794 427 762 260 790 437 770 302 854 440 742 321 Apr. 2006 May 2006 p Total separations May May Apr. 2006 2006 p 2005 Rates (percent) 1 Total .......................................................... Total private 1....................................... Construction .................................... Manufacturing ................................ Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................................... Professional and business services ......................................... Education and health services ..... Leisure and hospitality .................. Government .......................................... 1 2.5 2.6 1.5 1.6 2.9 3.1 1.8 2.2 2.9 3.0 1.6 2.1 3.6 4.0 6.0 2.4 3.4 3.8 5.0 2.3 3.7 4.1 4.9 2.6 3.4 3.8 5.6 2.7 3.3 3.7 5.0 2.4 3.4 3.8 6.1 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.6 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.4 1.6 4.2 3.7 3.6 2.1 3.8 3.5 3.8 2.0 5.1 2.7 6.1 1.5 5.0 2.7 6.0 1.6 5.8 2.9 6.2 1.7 4.7 2.5 6.0 1.2 4.6 2.5 5.9 1.4 5.0 2.5 5.7 1.5 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. p = preliminary. industry or region. The seasonally adjusted hires rate was highest in the leisure and hospitality industry (6.2 percent). (See table 2.) From May 2005 to May 2006, the hires rate rose in nondurable goods manufacturing, professional and business services, and the federal government and declined in construction. The hires rate did not change significantly over the year in any geographic region. (See table 6.) Separations The total separations, or turnover, rate was little changed at 3.4 percent in May. Separations are terminations of employment that occur at any time during the month. In May, the total separations rate increased in construction; all other industries and regions were about unchanged. (See table 3.) Total separations include quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including retirements). The quits rate, which can serve as a barometer of workers’ ability to change jobs, rose to 2.0 percent in May. The quits rate increased in the construction and manufacturing industries and in the South region. In May, the seasonally adjusted quits rate was highest in the leisure and hospitality industry (4.1 percent), which also had the highest hires rate. (See table 4.) 3 Over the year, the quits rate grew in several industries and in the South region. The quits rate declined in real estate and rental and leasing as well as in other services. (See table 8.) The other two components of total separations—layoffs and discharges, and other separations—are not seasonally adjusted. From May 2005 to May 2006, the layoffs and discharges rate was little changed at 1.0 percent. For May 2006, the construction industry had the highest layoffs and discharges rate (2.3 percent). From May 2005 to May 2006, the other separations rate increased to 0.3 percent. (See tables 9 and 10.) Flows in the Labor Market Hires and separations data help show dynamic flows in the labor market. Over the 12 months ending in May 2006, hires have averaged 4.8 million per month and separations have averaged 4.5 million per month (not seasonally adjusted). The comparable figures for the prior 12-month period were 4.7 million hires and 4.4 million separations. (See the Technical Note for additional information on these measures.) For More Information For additional information, please read the Technical Note or visit the JOLTS Web site at http://www. bls.gov/jlt/. Additional information about JOLTS also may be obtained by e-mailing Joltsinfo@bls.gov or by calling (202) 691-5870. ______________________________ The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for June 2006 is scheduled to be issued on Wednesday, August 9, 2006. Technical Note The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Collection Each month, data are collected in a survey of business establishments for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, and mail. Coverage The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Concepts Industry classification. The industry classifications in this release are in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the industry code, location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment characteristics resulting from the verification process are always introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the first month of the year. Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where they are working. Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for the last business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using other similar methods. Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100. Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and are reported by type of separation— quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other discharges for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term employees, and terminations of seasonal employees. Other separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations do not include transfers within the same location or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and multiplying by 100. Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are released with the January news release each year. The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual estimates will be published only for not seasonally adjusted data. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can be created by summing the monthly estimates. Sample methodology The JOLTS sample design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over eight million establishments compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program. This program includes all employers subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE). The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and size class. Large firms fall into the sample with virtual certainty. JOLTS total employment estimates are controlled to the employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements. Rates are then computed from the adjusted levels. Using JOLTS data The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting data at that time. In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and separations data were revised to address possible underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be comparable with estimates for March 2002 and later. The federal government reorganization that involved transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel Management’s record shows these transfers were completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal government time series. Seasonal adjustment BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. Data users should note that seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series is conducted with fewer data observations than is customary. The historical data, therefore, may be subject to larger than normal revisions. Since the seasonal patterns in economic data series typically emerge over time, the standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters to capture these effects requires longer series than are currently available. As a result, the stable seasonal filter option is used in the seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS data. When calculating seasonal factors, this filter takes an average for each calendar month after detrending the series. The stable seasonal filter assumes that the seasonal factors are fixed; a necessary assumption until sufficient data are available. When the stable seasonal filter is no longer needed, other program features also may be introduced, such as outlier adjustment and extended diagnostic testing. Additionally, it is expected that more series, such as layoffs and discharges and additional industries, may be seasonally adjusted when more data are available. Reliability of the estimates JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are available upon request. The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation. JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to exactly explain net changes in nonfarm payroll employment. Some reasons why it is problematic to compare changes in payroll employment with JOLTS hires and separations, especially on a monthly basis, are: 1) the reference period for payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the month, while the reference period for hires and separations is the calendar month; and 2) payroll employment can vary from month to month simply because part-time and on-call workers may not always work during the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Additionally, research has found that some reporters systematically underreport separations relative to hires due to a number of factors, including the nature of their payroll systems and practices. The shortfall appears to be about 2 percent or less over a 12-month period. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. Table 1. Job openings levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted 3 Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p Total4…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3,364 3,941 3,981 3,994 4,089 4,070 3,989 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3,633 144 318 651 702 692 506 458 3,603 138 323 672 748 674 485 467 3,542 125 308 706 677 643 518 452 2.6 1.5 1.6 2.3 3.6 3.3 3.4 1.6 3.0 2.2 2.2 2.5 4.2 3.4 3.9 2.0 3.0 1.5 2.2 2.6 4.3 3.4 3.8 2.0 3.0 1.6 2.2 2.5 4.0 3.5 4.3 2.1 3.1 1.9 2.2 2.4 3.9 3.8 3.8 2.0 3.1 1.8 2.2 2.5 4.2 3.7 3.6 2.1 3.0 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.8 3.5 3.8 2.0 732 1,634 721 985 672 1,600 770 1,022 663 1,627 762 960 2.1 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.3 2.3 3.0 2.8 3.1 2.3 3.0 2.7 3.1 2.5 3.1 2.8 3.3 2.2 3.2 2.6 3.2 2.4 3.3 2.5 3.3 2.4 3.1 INDUSTRY 4 Total private ……………………………………………………………………………….. 3,005 3,509 3,533 3,531 Construction……………………………………………………………… 114 170 114 121 Manufacturing………………………………………………………. 235 313 324 318 Trade, transportation, and utilities………………………… 613 661 687 660 Professional and business services……………………. 623 750 777 716 Education and health services…………………………………………. 597 618 627 640 Leisure and hospitality………………...…………………………… 447 522 507 587 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 361 435 449 460 REGION 5 Northeast………………………………………………………………. 550 718 740 707 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,320 1,612 1,550 1,547 Midwest…………………………………………………………………………….. 749 738 745 797 West………………………………………………………………………….. 773 919 928 1 957 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, of the month. 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, 3 and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. p = preliminary. and other services, not shown separately. 5 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Table 2. Hires levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels3 (in thousands) Industry and region Rates May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May May Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p 4,649 4,962 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.7 4,503 344 341 1,103 922 435 899 397 4,301 376 328 1,029 858 481 775 361 4,586 365 377 1,047 1,004 518 810 380 4.0 6.0 2.4 4.0 5.1 2.7 6.1 1.5 3.9 5.8 2.2 3.9 5.0 2.7 6.6 1.3 4.1 5.1 2.6 4.5 5.6 2.5 6.6 1.6 4.1 5.4 2.3 4.3 4.9 2.5 7.9 1.7 4.0 4.6 2.4 4.2 5.4 2.5 6.9 1.8 3.8 5.0 2.3 4.0 5.0 2.7 6.0 1.6 4.1 4.9 2.6 4.0 5.8 2.9 6.2 1.7 914 1,803 1,117 1,127 849 1,777 965 1,152 834 1,874 1,136 1,115 3.2 3.7 3.6 3.7 2.8 3.8 3.3 3.8 2.9 4.1 3.3 4.0 3.2 4.3 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.3 3.7 3.1 3.9 3.3 3.9 3.6 3.7 4 Total …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,778 4,694 4,941 4,954 4,884 INDUSTRY Total private4……………………………………………………………………………….. 4,454 4,397 4,584 4,578 Construction……………………………………………………………… 434 426 379 403 Manufacturing………………………………………………………. 344 307 366 333 Trade, transportation, and utilities………………………… 1,043 1,011 1,177 1,117 Professional and business services……………………. 862 849 953 841 Education and health services…………………………………………. 469 467 446 435 Leisure and hospitality………………...…………………………… 782 853 847 1,019 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 325 293 352 379 REGION 5 Northeast………………………………………………………………. 805 698 727 814 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,766 1,817 1,946 2,061 Midwest…………………………………………………………………………….. 1,110 1,038 1,043 1,045 West………………………………………………………………………….. 1,101 1,127 1,176 1,083 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. 1 2 Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels3 (in thousands) Industry and region Rates May 2005 Dec. 2005 Jan. 2006 Feb. 2006 Mar. 2006 Apr. 2006 Total 4……………………………………………… 4,543 4,359 4,285 4,531 4,681 4,067 348 355 1,027 735 400 843 270 3,995 374 353 880 780 353 848 300 4,252 335 380 997 826 403 881 285 685 1,759 934 997 701 1,653 987 970 736 1,694 1,032 1,054 May 2006p May 2005 Dec. 2005 Jan. 2006 Feb. 2006 Mar. 2006 Apr. 2006 2006p May 4,495 4,654 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.4 4,360 422 427 989 798 399 769 326 4,203 373 346 1,022 790 437 770 302 4,339 461 382 1,005 854 440 742 321 3.8 5.6 2.7 3.9 4.7 2.5 6.0 1.2 3.6 4.7 2.5 3.9 4.3 2.3 6.5 1.2 3.5 5.0 2.5 3.4 4.6 2.0 6.6 1.4 3.8 4.5 2.7 3.8 4.8 2.3 6.8 1.3 3.9 5.6 3.0 3.8 4.6 2.3 5.9 1.5 3.7 5.0 2.4 3.9 4.6 2.5 5.9 1.4 3.8 6.1 2.7 3.9 5.0 2.5 5.7 1.5 714 1,810 1,014 1,188 711 1,710 992 1,116 781 1,744 1,052 1,075 2.9 3.7 3.2 3.6 2.7 3.7 3.0 3.4 2.8 3.4 3.1 3.3 2.9 3.5 3.3 3.5 2.8 3.8 3.2 4.0 2.8 3.5 3.2 3.7 3.1 3.6 3.3 3.6 Dec. 2005 Jan. 2006 Feb. 2006 Mar. 2006 Apr. 2006 2006p INDUSTRY Total private4…………………………………… 4,290 405 Manufacturing………………………………… 384 Trade, transportation, and utilities………… 1,013 Professional and business services……… 794 Education and health services……………… 427 Leisure and hospitality………………...…… 762 Government……………………………………… 260 Construction………………………………… REGION 5 Northeast……………………………………… 739 South………………………………………… 1,741 Midwest……………………………………… 985 West…………………………………………… 1,059 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted 3 Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates May 2005 Dec. 2005 Jan. 2006 Feb. 2006 Mar. 2006 Apr. 2006 May 2006p May 2005 May Total 4……………………………………………… 2,534 2,567 2,577 2,663 2,763 2,541 2,737 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 2,428 189 184 634 365 254 558 139 2,435 179 196 551 415 225 569 143 2,526 153 202 602 422 279 607 139 2,606 182 205 598 426 267 561 156 2,383 167 175 613 409 253 535 159 2,579 208 207 624 444 280 529 159 2.2 2.3 1.2 2.3 2.4 1.5 3.9 .6 2.2 2.6 1.3 2.4 2.1 1.4 4.3 .6 2.2 2.4 1.4 2.1 2.4 1.3 4.4 .7 2.2 2.0 1.4 2.3 2.5 1.6 4.7 .6 2.3 2.4 1.4 2.3 2.5 1.5 4.3 .7 2.1 2.2 1.2 2.4 2.4 1.4 4.1 .7 2.3 2.8 1.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 4.1 .7 390 1,069 481 618 369 1,068 571 569 368 1,114 600 567 383 1,129 619 642 370 1,026 575 593 386 1,132 590 620 1.5 2.1 1.8 2.0 1.5 2.2 1.5 2.1 1.5 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.4 2.3 1.9 1.9 1.5 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.5 2.1 1.8 2.0 1.5 2.3 1.9 2.1 INDUSTRY 4 Total private …………………………………… 2,406 164 Manufacturing………………………………… 168 Trade, transportation, and utilities………… 602 Professional and business services……… 411 Education and health services……………… 257 Leisure and hospitality………………...…… 494 Government……………………………………… 127 Construction………………………………… REGION 5 Northeast……………………………………… 380 South………………………………………… 1,009 Midwest……………………………………… West…………………………………………… 551 591 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 5. Job openings levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates May Apr. May May Apr. May 2005 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006p 4,285 2.6 3.0 3.1 3,794 11 15 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 143 168 155 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 254 329 332 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 166 233 222 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 88 96 110 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 636 673 736 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 142 140 159 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 374 395 440 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 120 138 137 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 74 142 138 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 220 314 307 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 161 251 245 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 58 64 63 Professional and business services…………………………………. 639 768 685 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 627 686 675 Educational services………………………………………………………. 70 106 82 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 557 580 593 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 505 574 585 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 64 101 66 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 441 473 520 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 116 101 164 2.8 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.7 3.7 3.5 2.4 3.7 3.7 3.2 3.8 2.1 3.2 1.6 2.2 2.3 2.5 1.8 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.7 4.4 3.7 3.9 2.9 4.3 3.7 3.4 3.8 4.3 5.1 4.1 1.8 3.2 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.7 4.3 3.6 3.8 2.8 3.8 3.7 2.7 3.8 4.2 3.2 4.4 2.9 491 48 443 1.7 1.5 1.8 2.1 1.7 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.2 726 1,717 790 1,051 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.7 3.3 2.5 3.5 2.8 3.4 2.4 3.4 Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3,617 4,236 INDUSTRY Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 3,224 3,766 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 12 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 393 470 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 41 48 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 352 422 REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 608 694 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,387 1,661 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 774 810 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 847 1,070 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. 3 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 6. Hires levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates May Apr. May May Apr. May 2005 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006p 5,675 4.1 3.6 4.2 5,285 27 24 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 559 495 464 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 390 333 437 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 254 216 272 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 137 117 165 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 1,144 1,011 1,144 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 160 146 161 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 801 725 814 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 183 140 169 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 85 79 101 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 258 194 234 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 159 114 135 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 99 80 99 Professional and business services…………………………………. 914 935 1,101 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 459 433 511 Educational services………………………………………………………. 45 69 59 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 414 364 452 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 1,032 898 1,061 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 198 181 209 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 834 717 851 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 245 199 209 4.6 4.4 7.6 2.7 2.8 2.6 4.4 2.8 5.3 3.7 2.8 3.2 2.7 4.7 5.4 2.6 1.6 2.9 7.9 10.1 7.6 4.5 4.1 4.1 6.7 2.3 2.4 2.3 3.9 2.5 4.8 2.8 2.6 2.3 1.9 3.7 5.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 7.0 9.7 6.5 3.7 4.7 3.5 6.1 3.1 3.0 3.2 4.4 2.7 5.4 3.4 3.3 2.8 2.2 4.6 6.4 2.9 2.0 3.0 8.0 10.5 7.6 3.9 390 74 316 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.2 2.0 1.1 1.7 2.7 1.6 966 2,125 1,371 1,213 3.7 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.3 3.7 3.4 3.9 3.8 4.4 4.3 4.0 Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5,444 4,871 INDUSTRY Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 5,113 4,604 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 27 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 331 266 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 43 53 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 288 214 REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 931 833 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,992 1,794 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 1,320 1,080 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1,201 1,164 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 7. Total separations levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region May Apr. May May Apr. May 2005 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006p 4,631 3.3 3.1 3.4 4,291 22 12 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 356 299 407 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 367 341 369 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 259 183 199 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 108 157 169 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 1,035 892 1,031 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 156 135 140 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 691 622 750 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 187 135 141 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 76 95 81 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 190 182 205 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 108 125 148 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 81 57 56 Professional and business services…………………………………. 767 814 860 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 449 406 471 Educational services………………………………………………………. 65 37 85 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 384 369 386 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 732 745 702 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 80 83 56 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 652 663 645 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 223 134 155 3.8 2.8 4.9 2.6 2.9 2.1 4.0 2.7 4.6 3.8 2.5 2.3 1.8 3.8 4.6 2.6 2.3 2.7 5.6 4.1 5.9 4.1 3.5 3.4 4.1 2.4 2.0 3.0 3.5 2.3 4.1 2.7 3.1 2.2 2.0 2.7 4.7 2.3 1.2 2.5 5.8 4.4 6.0 2.5 3.8 1.8 5.4 2.6 2.2 3.2 4.0 2.4 4.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.6 5.0 2.6 2.9 2.6 5.3 2.8 5.7 2.8 340 65 275 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.0 2.0 .9 1.5 2.4 1.4 707 1,844 1,022 1,059 2.6 3.8 3.0 3.5 2.5 3.4 2.7 3.4 2.8 3.8 3.2 3.5 Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,485 4,158 INDUSTRY Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 4,213 3,929 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 18 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 272 229 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 27 53 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 245 176 REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 652 643 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,834 1,628 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 952 858 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1,047 1,029 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 8. Quits levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates May Apr. May May Apr. May 2005 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006p 2,868 2.0 1.8 2.1 2,687 11 8 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 167 159 213 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 173 176 215 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 108 108 111 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 65 68 104 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 634 568 661 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 72 79 69 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 495 405 503 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities………………....66 84 90 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 51 66 65 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 123 92 130 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 68 65 98 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 54 28 32 Professional and business services…………………………………. 423 402 469 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 273 239 299 Educational services………………………………………………………. 30 18 44 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 243 222 256 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 514 510 541 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 44 42 34 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 470 469 507 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 128 70 85 2.2 1.9 2.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.5 1.3 3.3 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.1 2.6 2.5 1.6 1.0 1.7 4.0 2.2 4.3 2.4 2.0 1.6 2.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.2 1.4 2.7 1.7 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.3 2.3 1.3 .6 1.5 3.9 2.2 4.2 1.3 2.4 1.3 2.8 1.5 1.2 2.0 2.5 1.2 3.3 1.8 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.5 2.7 1.7 1.5 1.7 4.1 1.7 4.5 1.6 181 30 151 .6 .4 .7 .6 1.0 .5 .8 1.1 .8 400 1,200 623 646 1.5 2.2 1.9 2.1 1.3 2.1 1.7 1.8 1.6 2.5 2.0 2.1 Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2,641 2,421 INDUSTRY Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 2,498 2,294 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 12 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 143 127 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 12 27 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 132 100 REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 385 323 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,061 1,012 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 581 532 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 614 552 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region May Apr. May May Apr. May 2005 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006p 1,373 1.1 1.0 1.0 1,273 10 2 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 179 110 173 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 150 131 124 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 113 57 68 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 36 75 56 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 353 247 253 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 77 43 46 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 170 180 173 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 106 23 33 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 20 24 11 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 52 60 51 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 26 32 30 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 26 28 21 Professional and business services…………………………………. 277 348 322 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 148 123 150 Educational services………………………………………………………. 32 15 39 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 116 108 111 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 186 205 136 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 35 38 20 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 150 166 116 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 82 54 52 1.3 .6 2.4 1.1 1.3 .7 1.4 1.3 1.1 2.2 .7 .6 .4 1.2 1.7 .9 1.1 .8 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.5 .9 .6 1.4 1.0 .7 1.2 .5 .8 .7 .5 1.3 2.0 .7 .5 .7 1.6 2.1 1.5 1.0 1.1 .3 2.3 .9 .8 1.1 1.0 .8 1.1 .7 .4 .6 .5 1.0 1.9 .8 1.3 .7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 99 15 84 .4 .3 .4 .3 .4 .2 .4 .6 .4 233 480 327 333 .8 1.4 1.0 1.2 1.0 .9 .8 1.3 .9 1.0 1.0 1.1 Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,533 1,370 INDUSTRY Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 1,450 1,313 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 3 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 83 58 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 8 12 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 75 46 REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 211 256 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 675 458 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 299 259 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 348 398 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 10. Other separations levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region May Apr. May May Apr. May 2005 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006p 390 0.2 0.3 0.3 330 2 1 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 29 22 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 44 34 29 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 38 19 20 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 7 15 9 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 47 77 117 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 7 12 25 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 26 37 74 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities………………....15 28 18 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 5 4 4 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 16 30 23 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 14 28 20 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 1 1 3 Professional and business services…………………………………. 66 64 69 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 28 43 22 Educational services………………………………………………………. 4 4 3 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 25 39 19 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 32 30 25 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 1 3 3 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 31 27 23 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 13 9 17 .2 .4 .1 .3 .4 .1 .2 .1 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .1 .4 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1 .3 .2 .3 .3 .4 .2 .2 .3 .3 .2 .2 .6 .1 .4 .5 .1 .4 .2 .1 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .5 .4 .5 .4 .1 .3 .3 .2 .4 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 .2 .3 60 19 41 .2 .3 .2 .2 .5 .2 .3 .7 .2 74 164 72 80 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .2 .3 .3 .3 .2 .3 Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 312 367 INDUSTRY Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 265 323 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 2 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 46 45 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 8 15 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 39 30 REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 56 64 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 98 158 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 72 67 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 85 79 1 2 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 5, table 1. p = preliminary.