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1 Technical information: (202) 691-5870 http://www.bls.gov/jlt/ Media contact: USDL 05-1290 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Tuesday, July 12, 2005 691-5902 JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: MAY 2005 The job openings, hires, and total separations rates were all essentially unchanged in May, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region. Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, Percent December 2000 - May 2005 Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted, Percent December 2000 - May 2005 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.0 Hires Separations 1.8 1.8 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Job Openings On the last business day of May 2005, there were 3.5 million job openings in the United States, and the job openings rate was 2.5 percent. (See table 1.) The job openings rate was little changed in May, but has generally trended upward since September 2003. In May, the job openings rate decreased in the manufacturing industry and in the Northeast region. Hires and Separations The hires rate was little changed at 3.5 percent in May. (See table 2.) Hires are any additions to the payroll during the month. In May, the hires rate did not change significantly in any industry, but increased in the South and Midwest regions. The total separations, or turnover, rate was little changed at 3.3 percent in May. (See table 3.) Separations are terminations of employment that occur at any time during the month. In May, the total separations rate did not change significantly in any industry, but decreased in the Northeast region. 2 Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted Job openings Industry 1 Total ............................................................ Total private 1........................................ Construction ................................... Manufacturing ................................ Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................................... Professional and business services ......................................... Education and health services .... Leisure and hospitality ................. Government .......................................... May 2004 Apr. 2005 Hires Apr. 2005 May 2005p May 2004 Levels (in thousands) 4,538 4,708 4,339 4,057 4,212 4,366 369 412 422 347 319 345 3,181 2,819 114 241 3,576 3,178 113 259 3,465 3,090 111 236 549 627 622 954 1,042 582 540 394 359 691 608 457 396 645 604 465 374 691 445 790 276 792 487 742 329 May 2005p Total separations May May Apr. 2005 2005p 2004 4,254 3,986 388 370 4,562 4,306 421 369 4,425 4,180 392 357 1,036 976 1,018 946 834 460 750 338 648 390 736 274 869 433 709 256 824 413 746 254 Rates (percent) Total 1......................................................... Total private 1....................................... Construction ................................... Manufacturing ................................ Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................................... Professional and business services ......................................... Education and health services .... Leisure and hospitality ................. Government .......................................... 1 2.4 2.5 1.6 1.7 2.6 2.8 1.5 1.8 2.5 2.7 1.5 1.6 3.3 3.7 5.3 2.4 3.4 3.8 5.7 2.2 3.5 3.9 5.8 2.4 3.2 3.6 5.6 2.6 3.4 3.9 5.8 2.6 3.3 3.7 5.4 2.5 2.1 2.4 2.4 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.1 3.1 1.6 3.9 3.4 3.5 1.8 3.7 3.4 3.5 1.7 4.2 2.6 6.3 1.3 4.7 2.8 5.8 1.5 5.0 2.7 5.9 1.6 4.0 2.3 5.9 1.3 5.2 2.5 5.6 1.2 4.9 2.4 5.9 1.2 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. p = preliminary. Total separations include quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including retirements). The quits rate, which can serve as a barometer of workers’ ability to change jobs, remained at 1.9 percent in May. (See table 4.) The quits rate did not change significantly in any industry in May, but decreased in the Northeast region. The other two components of total separations—layoffs and discharges, and other separations—are not seasonally adjusted. From May 2004 to May 2005, the layoffs and discharges rate (1.1 percent) and the other separations rate (0.2 percent) were unchanged. (See tables 9 and 10.) Hires and separations data help show dynamic flows in the labor market. Over the last 12 months, hires have averaged 4.6 million per month and separations have averaged 4.3 million per month. The comparable figures a year earlier were 4.3 million hires and 4.1 million separations. (See the Technical Note for additional information on these measures.) 3 For More Information For additional information, please see the Technical Note or the JOLTS Web site at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Additional information about JOLTS also may be obtained by e-mailing Joltsinfo@bls.gov or by calling (202) 691-5870. ______________________________ The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for June 2005 is scheduled to be issued on Wednesday, August 10, 2005. Technical Note The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Collection Each month, data are collected in a survey of business establishments for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, and mail. Coverage The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Concepts Industry classification. The industry classifications in this release are in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Employment Security Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the industry code, location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment characteristics resulting from the verification process are always introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the first month of the year. Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where they are working. Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for the last business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using other similar methods. Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100. Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and are reported by type of separation— quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other discharges for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term employees, and terminations of seasonal employees. Other separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations do not include transfers within the same location or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and multiplying by 100. Sample methodology The JOLTS sample design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over eight million establishments compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program. This program includes all employers subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE). The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and size class. Large firms fall into the sample with virtual certainty. JOLTS total employment estimates are controlled to the employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements. Rates are then computed from the adjusted levels. Using JOLTS data The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting data at that time. In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and separations data were revised to address possible underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be comparable with estimates for March 2002 and later. The federal government reorganization that involved transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel Management’s record shows these transfers were completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal government time series. Seasonal adjustment BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. Data users should note that seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series is conducted with fewer data observations than is customary. The historical data, therefore, may be subject to larger than normal revisions. Since the seasonal patterns in economic data series typically emerge over time, the standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters to capture these effects requires longer series than are currently available. As a result, the stable seasonal filter option is used in the seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS data. When calculating seasonal factors, this filter takes an average for each calendar month after detrending the series. The stable seasonal filter assumes that the seasonal factors are fixed; a necessary assumption until sufficient data are available. When the stable seasonal filter is no longer needed, other program features also may be introduced, such as outlier adjustment and extended diagnostic testing. Additionally, it is expected that more series, such as layoffs and discharges and additional industries, may be seasonally adjusted when more data are available. Reliability of the estimates JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are available upon request. The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation. JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to exactly explain net changes in nonfarm payroll employment. Some reasons why it is problematic to compare changes in payroll employment with JOLTS hires and separations, especially on a monthly basis, are: 1) the reference period for payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the month, while the reference period for hires and separations is the calendar month; and 2) payroll employment can vary from month to month simply because part-time and on-call workers may not always work during the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Additionally, research has found that some reporters systematically underreport separations relative to hires due to a number of factors, including the nature of their payroll systems and practices. The shortfall appears to be about 2 percent or less over a 12-month period. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. 1 2 Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted 3 Levels (in thousands) Industry and region May Rates Mar. 2005 Apr. 2005 May May 2005p Total4…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3,181 3,507 3,385 3,569 3,598 3,576 170 258 624 646 616 440 383 615 1,447 737 806 2004 Dec. 2004 Jan. 2005 Feb. 2005 2004 Dec. 2004 Jan. 2005 Feb. 2005 Mar. 2005 Apr. 2005 2005p May 3,465 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 3,178 113 259 627 691 608 457 396 3,090 111 236 622 645 604 465 374 2.5 1.6 1.7 2.1 3.4 3.1 3.1 1.6 2.7 1.8 1.8 2.1 4.0 3.1 3.4 1.8 2.7 1.8 1.7 2.2 3.9 3.2 3.3 1.6 2.8 1.8 1.7 2.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 1.8 2.8 2.3 1.8 2.4 3.7 3.5 3.4 1.7 2.8 1.5 1.8 2.4 3.9 3.4 3.5 1.8 2.7 1.5 1.6 2.4 3.7 3.4 3.5 1.7 602 1,414 742 818 548 1,335 798 801 2.1 2.6 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.8 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.8 2.4 3.0 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.7 2.5 2.7 INDUSTRY 4 Total private ……………………………………………………………………………….. 2,819 3,106 3,020 3,160 3,212 Construction……………………………………………………………… 114 132 127 133 Manufacturing………………………………………………………. 241 266 252 252 Trade, transportation, and utilities………………………… 549 561 564 668 Professional and business services……………………. 582 699 682 607 Education and health services…………………………………………. 540 557 560 602 Leisure and hospitality………………...…………………………… 394 450 434 447 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 359 396 346 404 REGION Northeast………………………………………………………………. 546 620 602 606 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,224 1,329 1,342 1,399 Midwest…………………………………………………………………………….. 698 740 716 745 West………………………………………………………………………….. 720 792 718 1 823 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, of the month. 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, and other services, not shown separately. P = preliminary. and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise and Wyoming. Table 2. Hires levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels3 (in thousands) Industry and region May Jan. 2005 Feb. 2005 Rates Mar. 2005 Apr. 2005 2005 Total4…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,339 4,639 4,709 4,760 4,841 4,538 414 334 1,047 895 472 798 336 856 1,922 1,034 1,036 2004 Dec. 2004 May May 2004 Dec. 2004 Jan. 2005 Feb. 2005 Mar. 2005 Apr. 2005 2005p 4,708 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 4,212 412 319 1,042 792 487 742 329 4,366 422 345 1,036 834 460 750 338 3.7 5.3 2.4 3.7 4.2 2.6 6.3 1.3 3.9 5.2 2.3 3.8 5.3 2.6 6.6 1.4 3.9 4.8 2.1 4.1 5.3 2.6 6.6 1.6 4.0 6.0 2.3 4.1 5.1 2.9 6.1 1.5 4.0 5.8 2.3 4.1 5.3 2.7 6.3 1.5 3.8 5.7 2.2 4.0 4.7 2.8 5.8 1.5 3.9 5.8 2.4 4.0 5.0 2.7 5.9 1.6 825 1,701 1,020 1,037 768 1,834 1,113 1,005 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.0 4.0 3.5 3.3 3.2 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.4 4.1 3.3 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.0 3.9 3.5 3.4 p May INDUSTRY 4 Total private ……………………………………………………………………………….. 4,057 4,337 4,374 4,430 4,497 Construction……………………………………………………………… 369 368 339 430 Manufacturing………………………………………………………. 347 324 307 336 Trade, transportation, and utilities………………………… 954 986 1,056 1,055 Professional and business services……………………. 691 878 882 853 Education and health services…………………………………………. 445 452 445 500 Leisure and hospitality………………...…………………………… 790 834 826 771 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 276 307 341 329 REGION Northeast………………………………………………………………. 769 858 762 820 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,645 1,770 1,880 1,867 Midwest…………………………………………………………………………….. 982 1,043 1,092 1,081 West………………………………………………………………………….. 957 970 959 1,069 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. P = preliminary. NOTE: See NOTE, table 1. 1 2 Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted 3 Levels (in thousands) Industry and region May Rates Mar. 2005 Apr. 2005 May May 2005p Total4…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,254 4,435 4,352 4,295 4,502 4,562 303 360 980 924 445 743 267 802 1,763 1,051 926 2004 Dec. 2004 Jan. 2005 Feb. 2005 2004 Dec. 2004 Jan. 2005 Feb. 2005 Mar. 2005 Apr. 2005 2005p May 4,425 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.3 4,306 421 369 1,018 869 433 709 256 4,180 392 357 946 824 413 746 251 3.6 5.6 2.6 3.8 4.0 2.3 5.9 1.3 3.7 5.0 2.5 4.1 5.0 2.2 6.0 1.3 3.7 5.9 2.5 3.4 5.0 2.1 6.6 1.2 3.6 5.7 2.4 3.7 4.6 2.3 6.3 1.2 3.8 4.2 2.5 3.8 5.5 2.6 5.9 1.2 3.9 5.8 2.6 3.9 5.2 2.5 5.6 1.2 3.7 5.4 2.5 3.7 4.9 2.4 5.9 1.2 807 1,766 982 1,006 685 1,728 976 984 3.0 3.4 2.8 3.6 3.0 3.6 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.7 3.1 3.3 2.9 3.5 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.7 3.1 3.4 2.7 3.6 3.1 3.4 Jan. 2005 Feb. 2005 Mar. 2005 Apr. 2005 2005p INDUSTRY 4 Total private ……………………………………………………………………………….. 3,986 4,146 4,091 4,035 4,237 Construction……………………………………………………………… 388 355 417 403 Manufacturing………………………………………………………. 370 353 361 341 Trade, transportation, and utilities………………………… 976 1,062 882 940 Professional and business services……………………. 648 833 836 772 Education and health services…………………………………………. 390 375 356 389 Leisure and hospitality………………...…………………………… 736 758 832 790 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 274 274 258 260 REGION Northeast………………………………………………………………. 753 773 773 732 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,594 1,707 1,747 1,647 Midwest…………………………………………………………………………….. 881 986 981 937 West………………………………………………………………………….. 1,026 953 964 961 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. P = preliminary. NOTE: See NOTE, table 1. Table 4. Quits levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels3 (in thousands) Industry and region May Rates Mar. 2005 Apr. 2005 May May 2005p 2004 Dec. 2004 Total4…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2,276 2,495 2,530 2,307 2,516 2,520 2,493 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 150 186 583 424 280 458 124 2,395 146 178 577 417 272 506 125 2,370 151 168 589 413 260 494 122 2.0 2.0 1.2 2.1 1.9 1.4 3.8 .6 2.1 2.3 1.4 2.2 2.5 1.4 4.0 .6 2.2 2.4 1.3 2.2 2.5 1.3 4.1 .6 2.0 2.0 1.3 2.0 2.4 1.5 3.8 .5 2.1 2.1 1.3 2.3 2.5 1.6 3.6 .6 2.1 2.0 1.2 2.2 2.5 1.6 4.0 .6 2.1 2.1 1.2 2.3 2.5 1.5 3.9 .6 410 1,003 561 562 446 992 540 573 364 1,024 556 544 1.3 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.5 2.2 1.7 1.9 1.7 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.3 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.6 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.7 2.0 1.4 2.2 1.8 1.9 2004 Dec. 2004 Jan. 2005 Feb. 2005 May INDUSTRY Total private4……………………………………………………………………………….. 2,148 2,366 2,412 2,192 2,383 Construction……………………………………………………………… 142 162 171 139 Manufacturing………………………………………………………. 170 194 185 181 Trade, transportation, and utilities………………………… 533 570 563 512 Professional and business services……………………. 311 415 417 410 Education and health services…………………………………………. 229 232 230 259 Leisure and hospitality………………...…………………………… 480 506 516 474 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 128 129 124 117 REGION Northeast………………………………………………………………. 331 392 424 340 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 896 1,021 1,053 914 Midwest…………………………………………………………………………….. 502 544 539 509 West………………………………………………………………………….. 545 536 530 550 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. P = preliminary. NOTE: See NOTE, table 1. Table 5. Job openings levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates May Apr. May May Apr. May 2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p 3,761 2.6 2.7 2.7 3,349 9 13 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 151 141 143 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 272 266 265 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 168 178 176 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 104 88 89 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 577 631 654 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 111 126 137 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 379 413 381 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities………………....87 92 135 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 83 78 79 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 199 226 224 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 163 175 168 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 36 51 57 Professional and business services…………………………………. 627 707 683 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 559 604 630 Educational services………………………………………………………. 47 62 72 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 513 542 558 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 449 543 533 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 64 67 53 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 385 476 481 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 137 118 125 2.7 .9 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.5 1.8 2.6 2.4 2.7 1.7 3.7 3.2 1.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 2.4 2.9 1.4 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.6 2.4 2.2 2.7 1.8 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.4 4.0 3.3 2.0 3.6 4.1 3.6 4.2 2.1 2.9 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.6 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.6 3.9 3.5 2.4 3.7 4.0 2.7 4.2 2.2 412 62 350 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.7 1.8 2.2 1.8 607 1,418 843 893 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.7 2.4 3.0 2.4 2.8 2.3 2.9 2.6 2.9 Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3,456 3,711 INDUSTRY Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 3,059 3,323 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 5 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 397 388 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 49 58 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 348 330 REGION Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 619 632 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,305 1,465 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 730 774 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 802 840 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. P = preliminary. NOTE: See NOTE, table 1. Table 6. Hires levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates May Apr. May May Apr. May 2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p 5,354 3.7 3.6 4.0 5,007 28 25 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 461 541 541 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 391 326 398 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 243 193 248 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 148 132 149 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 1,044 1,031 1,131 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 147 167 165 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 746 709 792 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 151 155 174 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 80 80 82 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 235 174 268 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 118 117 166 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 117 57 102 Professional and business services…………………………………. 735 895 892 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 432 431 447 Educational services………………………………………………………. 41 45 45 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 391 386 403 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 1,054 853 992 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 193 145 160 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 862 709 832 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 197 176 230 4.2 3.7 6.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 4.1 2.6 5.0 3.1 2.6 2.9 2.0 5.6 4.5 2.5 1.5 2.8 8.3 10.1 8.0 3.6 4.1 4.6 7.6 2.3 2.2 2.5 4.0 2.9 4.7 3.2 2.6 2.1 1.9 2.7 5.3 2.5 1.5 2.7 6.7 8.1 6.5 3.2 4.5 4.1 7.4 2.8 2.8 2.8 4.4 2.9 5.2 3.5 2.6 3.3 2.7 4.8 5.3 2.6 1.6 2.8 7.7 8.5 7.5 4.2 347 44 304 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.6 891 2,052 1,326 1,085 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 4.3 4.2 3.7 Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,935 4,774 INDUSTRY Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 4,653 4,535 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 22 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 282 239 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 45 34 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 238 205 REGION Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 905 803 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,839 1,749 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 1,153 1,146 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1,038 1,075 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. 2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. P = preliminary. NOTE: See NOTE, table 1. Table 7. Total separations levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region May Apr. May May Apr. May 2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p 4,368 3.2 3.2 3.3 4,104 15 18 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 344 355 348 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 351 366 337 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 202 242 226 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 150 124 111 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 1,001 891 966 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 183 135 158 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 645 631 656 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 172 125 152 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 71 80 72 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 184 159 190 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 110 99 101 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 74 61 89 Professional and business services…………………………………. 655 890 816 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 404 394 430 Educational services………………………………………………………. 59 38 58 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 345 356 371 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 713 692 720 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 81 88 85 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 632 604 635 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 189 196 207 3.6 3.2 4.9 2.4 2.3 2.8 3.9 3.2 4.3 3.6 2.3 2.3 1.8 3.5 4.0 2.4 2.1 2.4 5.6 4.2 5.9 3.5 3.6 2.5 5.0 2.6 2.7 2.3 3.5 2.4 4.2 2.6 2.5 2.0 1.6 2.9 5.3 2.3 1.3 2.5 5.5 4.9 5.6 3.6 3.7 2.9 4.8 2.4 2.5 2.1 3.7 2.8 4.3 3.1 2.3 2.3 1.7 4.2 4.8 2.5 2.0 2.6 5.6 4.5 5.8 3.8 264 26 238 1.3 1.3 1.3 .9 1.0 .8 1.2 .9 1.2 607 1,823 950 988 2.7 3.6 2.8 3.5 2.8 3.6 2.8 3.2 2.4 3.8 3.0 3.4 Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,222 4,231 INDUSTRY Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 3,931 4,039 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 19 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 291 192 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 35 28 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 256 164 REGION Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 673 723 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,673 1,694 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 860 870 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1,016 944 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. P = preliminary. NOTE: See NOTE, table 1. Table 8. Quits levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates May Apr. May May Apr. May 2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p 2,625 1.8 1.8 2.0 2,486 9 12 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 143 148 152 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 179 183 176 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 112 112 108 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 67 71 67 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 551 545 616 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 101 71 71 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 392 419 478 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities………………....58 55 67 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 33 51 50 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 139 89 125 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 78 55 65 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 62 34 59 Professional and business services…………………………………. 315 399 412 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 243 254 276 Educational services………………………………………………………. 27 21 31 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 216 234 245 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 514 493 529 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 37 44 49 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 476 449 480 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 126 150 139 2.0 1.1 2.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 2.2 1.8 2.6 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.3 2.9 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.5 4.0 2.0 4.4 2.3 2.1 1.4 2.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.1 1.2 2.8 1.1 1.6 1.1 .9 1.6 2.4 1.5 .7 1.6 3.9 2.5 4.1 2.7 2.2 1.9 2.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 2.4 1.2 3.2 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.1 2.8 2.4 1.6 1.1 1.7 4.1 2.6 4.4 2.5 139 11 128 .7 .5 .7 .4 .4 .5 .6 .4 .7 367 1,098 592 567 1.4 2.0 1.7 2.0 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.8 1.4 2.3 1.9 1.9 Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2,396 2,420 INDUSTRY Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 2,251 2,321 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 7 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 145 99 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 15 11 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 130 89 REGION Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 345 399 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 946 978 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 533 503 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 572 540 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. 2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. P = preliminary. NOTE: See NOTE, table 1. Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region May Apr. May May Apr. May 2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p 1,451 1.1 1.2 1.1 1,376 5 4 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 190 194 180 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 136 150 133 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 65 105 95 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 71 45 38 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 382 292 299 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 76 61 80 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 206 182 150 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities………………....99 49 70 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 33 19 19 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 30 51 54 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 21 28 26 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 9 23 28 Professional and business services…………………………………. 296 446 341 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 131 118 129 Educational services………………………………………………………. 28 13 25 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 103 105 104 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 169 179 163 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 39 42 35 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 130 137 128 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 44 42 55 1.3 1.4 2.7 .9 .7 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.4 2.1 1.1 .4 .4 .4 1.8 .8 1.0 .7 1.3 2.0 1.2 .8 1.3 .7 2.7 1.1 1.2 .9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 .6 .6 .5 1.1 2.6 .7 .4 .7 1.4 2.4 1.3 .8 1.2 .6 2.5 .9 1.1 .7 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.4 .6 .7 .4 1.3 2.0 .7 .9 .7 1.3 1.9 1.2 1.0 75 8 67 .4 .2 .4 .2 .3 .2 .3 .3 .3 188 636 296 331 1.0 1.4 .8 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.2 .7 1.3 .9 1.1 Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,509 1,549 INDUSTRY Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 1,420 1,495 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 8 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 89 54 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 6 7 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 83 47 REGION Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 249 265 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 632 624 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 264 307 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 364 353 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. 2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. P = preliminary. NOTE: See NOTE, table 1. Table 10. Other separations levels1 and rates2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Rates Industry and region May Apr. May May Apr. May 2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p 292 .2 .2 .2 242 3 17 29 23 6 51 7 28 16 4 11 9 2 63 25 2 23 28 1 26 13 .2 .7 .1 .3 .3 .2 .3 .1 .3 .3 .1 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .4 .2 .4 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .1 .2 .4 .3 .2 .3 .1 .3 .1 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 .4 .2 .2 .3 .1 .2 .1 .2 .3 .1 .1 .1 .1 .4 .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 50 7 43 .3 .5 .2 .2 .4 .1 .2 .3 .2 52 89 62 90 .3 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 317 263 INDUSTRY Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 260 224 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 4 2 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 14 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 36 33 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 25 25 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 11 8 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 68 54 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 7 3 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 47 30 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities………………....15 21 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 4 9 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 14 19 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 11 16 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 3 3 Professional and business services…………………………………. 44 46 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 29 22 Educational services………………………………………………………. 4 5 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 25 17 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 30 20 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 4 2 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 26 18 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 19 4 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 57 39 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 14 10 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 43 29 REGION Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 79 60 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 95 92 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 62 61 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 80 51 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. 2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. P = preliminary. NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.