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1 Technical information: (202) 691-5870 http://www.bls.gov/jlt/ Media contact: USDL 07-1201 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Wednesday, August 8, 2007 691-5902 JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: JUNE 2007 On the last business day of June, there were 4.3 million job openings in the United States, and the job openings rate was 3.0 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The job openings rate increased slightly in June, while the hires rate and the total separations rate were essentially unchanged. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region. Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, Percent July 2004 - June 2007 Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted, Percent July 2004 - June 2007 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 Hires 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.3 2.9 Separations 2.7 3.1 2.5 2.3 2.9 2.1 2.7 1.9 1.7 2.5 1.5 2005 2006 2007 2005 2006 2007 Job Openings In June, the job openings rate increased slightly to 3.0 percent after remaining steady at 2.9 percent for the prior 4 months. Job openings include only those jobs still open on the last business day of the month. The job openings rate rose in June in retail trade and in professional and business services but fell in construction. The job openings rate increased over the month in the West region. The seasonally adjusted job openings rate was highest in June for the following industries: professional and business services (4.3 percent) and accommodations and food services (4.0 percent). (See table 1.) Over the year, the job openings rate increased in nondurable goods manufacturing; retail trade; and professional and business services. The rate decreased in construction and in transportation, warehousing, and utilities. The job openings rate increased over the year in the West region. (See table 5.) 2 Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted Industry Job openings Hires June May June June May June p p 2006 2007 2007 2006 2007 2007 Levels (in thousands) Total1 ................................................................... 3,995 Total private1......................................................... 3,538 Construction ................................................. 168 Manufacturing .............................................. 308 2 Trade, transportation, and utilities ............ 663 Retail trade ............................................... 386 Professional and business services .......... 595 Education and health services ................... 665 Leisure and hospitality 3................................ 495 Accommodations and food services .. 434 Government 4.......................................................... 455 State and local government ........................ 421 4,095 4,305 3,627 3,830 157 110 345 348 609 673 337 427 654 801 703 708 571 562 500 486 468 469 424 427 4,986 4,520 369 375 1,075 747 934 489 826 717 392 341 4,982 4,503 351 356 1,044 715 935 507 873 755 409 330 Total separations June May June p 2006 2007 2007 4,752 4,339 348 360 900 603 899 512 850 727 398 317 4,654 4,326 356 378 1,046 771 778 439 813 689 316 257 4,544 4,233 346 396 950 685 775 437 833 715 315 239 4,513 4,203 348 376 969 681 732 467 847 718 309 238 3.4 3.7 4.5 2.6 3.4 3.9 5.0 2.8 6.3 6.3 1.8 1.6 3.4 3.8 4.6 2.7 4.0 5.0 4.4 2.5 6.2 6.2 1.4 1.3 3.3 3.7 4.5 2.8 3.6 4.5 4.3 2.4 6.2 6.2 1.4 1.2 3.3 3.6 4.5 2.7 3.7 4.4 4.1 2.5 6.2 6.2 1.4 1.2 Rates (percent) Total 1 ................................................................... Total private 1......................................................... Construction ................................................. Manufacturing .............................................. 2 Trade, transportation, and utilities ............ Retail trade ............................................... Professional and business services .......... Education and health services ................... Leisure and hospitality 3................................ Accommodations and food services .. Government 4.......................................................... State and local government ........................ 1 2 3 4 2.9 3.0 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.7 2.0 2.1 2.9 3.0 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.1 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.1 2.1 2.1 3.0 3.2 1.4 2.4 2.5 2.7 4.3 3.7 4.0 4.0 2.1 2.1 3.7 4.0 4.8 2.6 4.1 4.9 5.3 2.7 6.3 6.4 1.8 1.8 3.6 3.9 4.6 2.5 3.9 4.6 5.2 2.8 6.5 6.5 1.8 1.7 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. Includes federal government, not shown separately. p = preliminary. Hires The hires rate was little changed at 3.4 percent in June. Hires are any additions to the payroll during the month. In June, the hires rate did not increase significantly in any industry but decreased in retail trade. The hires rate decreased over the month in the South region. The seasonally adjusted hires rate was highest in June in accommodations and food services (6.3 percent). (See table 2.) From June 2006 to June 2007, the hires rate rose in natural resources and mining; finance and insurance; and federal government. The hires rate fell in retail trade; transportation, warehousing, and utilities; and state and local government. The hires rate decreased over the year in both the Northeast and South regions. (See table 6.) 3 Separations The total separations, or turnover, rate was unchanged at 3.3 percent in June. Separations are terminations of employment that occur at any time during the month. Over the month, none of the industries or regions experienced a significant change in the separations rate. From June 2006 to June 2007, the total separations rate increased in federal government. The total separations rate decreased in retail trade; transportation, warehousing, and utilities; real estate and rental and leasing; and state and local government. Geographically, the total separations rate fell over the year in both the Northeast and South regions. (See tables 3 and 7.) Total separations include quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including retirements). The quits rate, which can serve as a barometer of workers’ ability to change jobs, was unchanged at 1.9 percent in June. None of the industries experienced a significant change in the quits rate over the month. The quits rate decreased in the South region. In June, the seasonally adjusted quits rate was highest in the accommodations and food services industry (4.6 percent). (See table 4.) Over the year, the quits rate rose in natural resources and mining. The quits rate fell over the year in information and in real estate and rental and leasing. Geographically, the quits rate fell over the year in the South region. (See table 8.) The other two components of total separations—layoffs and discharges, and other separations—are not seasonally adjusted. For June, the layoffs and discharges rate (1.1 percent) and level (1.5 million) were unchanged from a year earlier. The layoffs and discharges rate in June was highest in educational services (2.0 percent), followed closely by arts, entertainment, and recreation (1.9 percent) and construction (1.9 percent). From June 2006 to June 2007, the other separations rate was unchanged at 0.3 percent and the level was essentially unchanged at 410,000. (See tables 9 and 10.) The total separations rate is driven by the relative contribution of its three components (quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations), with quits contributing the largest portion. The percentage of total separations attributable to quits has risen and fallen over time along with total nonfarm employment levels. The proportion of total separations due to quits fell from 61 percent in February 2001 to 51 percent in August 2003 (seasonally adjusted), and has since risen. In June 2007, quits accounted for 58 percent of total separations. Flows in the Labor Market Several industries consistently have high rates of both hires and separations. These include construction; retail trade; professional and business services; arts, entertainment, and recreation; and accommodations and food services. In the 12 months ending in June 2007, these 5 industries produced 34.4 million hires and 32.4 million separations. Thus, these five industries accounted for 58 percent of total nonfarm hires and 59 percent of total nonfarm separations while comprising only 39 percent of total nonfarm employment. 4 For More Information For additional information, please read the Technical Note or visit the JOLTS Web site at http:// www.bls.gov/jlt/. Additional information about JOLTS also may be obtained by e-mailing Joltsinfo@bls.gov or by calling (202) 691-5870. ______________________________ The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for July 2007 is scheduled to be issued on Tuesday, September 11. Technical Note The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Collection Each month, data are collected in a survey of business establishments for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, and mail. Coverage The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Concepts Industry classification. The industry classifications in this release are in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the industry code, location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment characteristics resulting from the verification process are always introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the first month of the year. Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where they are working. Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for the last business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using other similar methods. Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100. Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and are reported by type of separation— quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other discharges for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term employees, and terminations of seasonal employees. Other separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations do not include transfers within the same location or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and multiplying by 100. Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are released with the January news release each year. The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual estimates will be published only for not seasonally adjusted data. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can be created by summing the monthly estimates. Sample methodology The JOLTS sample design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over eight million establishments compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program. This program includes all employers subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE). The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and size class. Large firms fall into the sample with virtual certainty. JOLTS total employment estimates are controlled to the employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements. Rates are then computed from the adjusted levels. Using JOLTS data The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting data at that time. In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and separations data were revised to address possible underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be comparable with estimates for March 2002 and later. The federal government reorganization that involved transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel Management’s record shows these transfers were completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal government time series. Seasonal adjustment BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. Prior to the January 2007 benchmark release in March 2007, seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series was conducted using the stable seasonal filter option since there were not enough data observations available for the standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters. Although the seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series is conducted with fewer data observations than is customary, the number of observations is now above the minimum required by X-12-ARIMA to use the normal seasonal filters. Therefore, the standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters is now in place for JOLTS seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment now includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. Due to the improved diagnostics, three additional industries are now seasonally adjusted: retail trade, accommodations and food services, and state and local government. It is expected that more series may be seasonally adjusted when more data are available. Reliability of the estimates JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are available upon request. The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation. JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to exactly explain net changes in nonfarm payroll employment. Some reasons why it is problematic to compare changes in payroll employment with JOLTS hires and separations, especially on a monthly basis, are: 1) the reference period for payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the month, while the reference period for hires and separations is the calendar month; and 2) payroll employment can vary from month to month simply because part-time and on-call workers may not always work during the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Additionally, research has found that some reporters systematically underreport separations relative to hires due to a number of factors, including the nature of their payroll systems and practices. The shortfall appears to be about 2 percent or less over a 12-month period. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. Table 1. Job openings levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels 3 (in thousands) Feb. Mar. Apr. 2007 2007 2007 May 2007 June 2007p June 2006 Jan. 2007 Feb. 2007 Rates Mar. 2007 Apr. 2007 May 2007 June 2007p 3,995 4,222 4,149 4,176 4,170 4,095 Total 4…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,305 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3,830 110 348 673 427 801 708 562 486 469 427 3.0 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.7 2.0 2.1 3.1 1.8 2.3 2.7 2.6 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.1 2.1 2.2 3.1 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.4 3.5 3.6 4.0 4.3 2.1 2.2 3.1 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.4 4.1 3.6 4.1 4.2 2.1 2.2 3.1 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.5 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.8 2.1 2.2 3.0 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.1 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.1 2.1 2.1 3.2 1.4 2.4 2.5 2.7 4.3 3.7 4.0 4.0 2.1 2.1 696 1,646 843 1,109 2.7 3.1 2.4 2.9 2.8 3.2 2.5 3.2 2.7 3.2 2.4 3.2 2.7 3.3 2.4 3.2 2.6 3.3 2.4 3.3 2.5 3.2 2.4 3.1 2.6 3.2 2.6 3.5 Industry and region June 2006 Jan. 2007 INDUSTRY 4 Total private ……………………………………………………………………………….. 3,538 3,746 3,666 3,702 3,683 3,627 Construction……………………………………………………………… 168 142 229 152 154 157 Manufacturing………………………………………………………. 308 337 330 316 350 345 Trade, transportation, and utilities 5………………………… 663 727 660 677 669 609 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 386 413 378 375 389 337 Professional and business services……………………. 595 707 642 758 735 654 Education and health services…………………………………………. 665 707 670 685 706 703 Leisure and hospitality 6………………...…………………………… 495 552 566 574 512 571 Accommodations and food services……………………. 434 495 511 506 453 500 Government 7…………………………………………………………………………….. 455 477 482 470 488 468 State and local government…………….………………………………………….………………. 421 439 438 430 439 424 REGION 8 Northeast………………………………………………………………. 702 733 717 703 675 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,583 1,653 1,631 1,658 1,670 Midwest…………………………………………………………………………….. 786 822 783 797 779 West………………………………………………………………………….. 913 1,005 1,011 1,027 1,038 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 674 1,648 799 970 8 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. p = preliminary. Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels 3 (in thousands) Feb. Mar. Apr. 2007 2007 2007 May 2007 June 2007p June 2006 Jan. 2007 Feb. 2007 Rates Mar. 2007 Apr. 2007 May 2007 June 2007p Total 4…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,986 4,959 4,815 4,815 4,832 4,982 4,752 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.4 4,339 348 360 900 603 899 512 850 727 398 317 4.0 4.8 2.6 4.1 4.9 5.3 2.7 6.3 6.4 1.8 1.8 4.0 3.9 2.6 3.9 4.9 5.4 2.8 7.1 7.2 1.7 1.7 3.9 3.9 2.6 3.9 4.5 5.3 2.9 7.0 6.8 1.7 1.6 3.8 4.6 2.3 3.8 4.5 4.9 2.7 6.4 6.3 1.8 1.6 3.8 4.3 2.5 3.9 4.6 4.6 2.8 6.7 7.0 1.9 1.7 3.9 4.6 2.5 3.9 4.6 5.2 2.8 6.5 6.5 1.8 1.7 3.7 4.5 2.6 3.4 3.9 5.0 2.8 6.3 6.3 1.8 1.6 668 1,791 1,110 1,152 2.8 4.0 3.4 3.9 3.2 3.9 3.7 3.7 2.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 2.9 3.7 3.5 3.8 2.9 3.8 3.4 3.6 2.7 4.0 3.5 3.7 2.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 Industry and region June 2006 Jan. 2007 INDUSTRY Total private 4……………………………………………………………………………….. 4,520 4,607 4,509 4,416 4,423 4,503 Construction……………………………………………………………… 369 299 298 356 330 351 Manufacturing………………………………………………………. 375 369 371 318 350 356 Trade, transportation, and utilities 5………………………… 1,075 1,020 1,018 1,006 1,028 1,044 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 747 757 695 691 706 715 Professional and business services……………………. 934 954 953 881 828 935 Education and health services…………………………………………. 489 508 518 497 507 507 Leisure and hospitality 6………………...…………………………… 826 956 934 867 903 873 Accommodations and food services……………………. 717 825 778 726 811 755 Government 7…………………………………………………………………………….. 392 384 379 404 421 409 State and local government…………….………………………………………….………………. 341 321 317 313 333 330 REGION 8 Northeast………………………………………………………………. 705 833 709 740 759 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,934 1,899 1,837 1,835 1,894 Midwest…………………………………………………………………………….. 1,073 1,167 1,184 1,105 1,069 West………………………………………………………………………….. 1,188 1,142 1,156 1,157 1,122 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 2 705 1,960 1,101 1,143 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 3. Total separations levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels 3 (in thousands) Feb. Mar. Apr. 2007 2007 2007 May 2007 June 2007p June 2006 Jan. 2007 Feb. 2007 Rates Mar. 2007 Apr. 2007 May 2007 June 2007p Total 4…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,654 4,602 4,556 4,741 4,524 4,544 4,513 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 4,203 348 376 969 681 732 467 847 718 309 238 3.8 4.6 2.7 4.0 5.0 4.4 2.5 6.2 6.2 1.4 1.3 3.7 5.2 2.8 3.7 4.4 5.0 2.3 5.7 5.4 1.4 1.3 3.7 4.2 3.0 3.6 4.3 4.8 2.3 6.2 6.1 1.3 1.2 3.8 4.5 2.8 3.7 4.4 4.9 2.4 6.3 6.1 1.4 1.2 3.7 4.7 2.7 3.7 4.4 4.5 2.3 6.4 6.3 1.4 1.2 3.7 4.5 2.8 3.6 4.5 4.3 2.4 6.2 6.2 1.4 1.2 3.6 4.5 2.7 3.7 4.4 4.1 2.5 6.2 6.2 1.4 1.2 633 1,689 1,019 1,189 2.8 4.0 3.0 3.6 2.9 3.6 3.3 3.4 2.6 3.6 3.3 3.4 2.6 3.7 3.2 3.8 2.5 3.9 3.1 3.4 2.5 3.6 3.2 3.4 2.5 3.4 3.2 3.9 Industry and region June 2006 Jan. 2007 INDUSTRY 4 Total private ……………………………………………………………………………….. 4,326 4,296 4,263 4,417 4,227 4,233 Construction……………………………………………………………… 356 400 322 344 360 346 Manufacturing………………………………………………………. 378 399 422 400 380 396 Trade, transportation, and utilities 5………………………… 1,046 973 943 974 975 950 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 771 680 656 682 678 685 Professional and business services……………………. 778 894 862 876 805 775 Education and health services…………………………………………. 439 423 419 429 414 437 Leisure and hospitality 6………………...…………………………… 813 768 835 846 861 833 Accommodations and food services……………………. 689 612 697 702 720 715 7 Government …………………………………………………………………………….. 316 309 294 315 311 315 State and local government…………….………………………………………….………………. 257 254 243 238 241 239 REGION 8 Northeast………………………………………………………………. 717 740 675 667 640 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,953 1,783 1,763 1,829 1,904 Midwest…………………………………………………………………………….. 937 1,034 1,054 1,006 981 West………………………………………………………………………….. 1,100 1,037 1,041 1,165 1,040 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, 642 1,798 1,024 1,062 and other services, not shown separately. 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted Levels 3 (in thousands) Feb. Mar. Apr. 2007 2007 2007 May 2007 June 2007p June 2006 Jan. 2007 Feb. 2007 Rates Mar. 2007 Apr. 2007 May 2007 June 2007p 2,748 2,648 2,705 2,763 2,637 2,686 Total 4…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2,627 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2,473 127 202 616 447 417 277 588 532 153 123 2.3 2.2 1.3 2.4 3.1 2.4 1.6 4.7 5.0 .7 .6 2.2 1.8 1.6 2.3 2.7 2.8 1.5 3.7 3.9 .7 .7 2.2 1.6 1.5 2.3 2.9 2.7 1.5 4.3 4.6 .6 .6 2.2 1.7 1.5 2.3 2.8 2.6 1.5 4.4 4.7 .7 .7 2.2 1.6 1.4 2.3 2.9 2.3 1.5 4.4 4.7 .7 .7 2.2 1.6 1.5 2.3 2.9 2.4 1.6 4.1 4.3 .7 .7 2.1 1.7 1.4 2.3 2.9 2.3 1.5 4.3 4.6 .7 .6 371 1,036 569 643 1.4 2.5 1.8 2.0 1.4 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.3 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.4 2.3 1.9 2.2 1.4 2.4 1.7 1.9 1.3 2.4 1.7 2.1 1.4 2.1 1.8 2.1 Industry and region June 2006 Jan. 2007 INDUSTRY 4 Total private ……………………………………………………………………………….. 2,601 2,505 2,571 2,591 2,486 2,530 Construction……………………………………………………………… 170 141 120 131 126 124 Manufacturing………………………………………………………. 190 229 212 216 199 216 Trade, transportation, and utilities 5………………………… 617 594 606 608 600 606 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 467 422 438 428 440 445 Professional and business services……………………. 418 498 486 461 418 424 Education and health services…………………………………………. 292 271 280 267 274 284 Leisure and hospitality 6………………...…………………………… 618 489 579 590 592 551 Accommodations and food services……………………. 561 448 531 539 542 503 Government 7…………………………………………………………………………….. 146 150 139 155 153 157 State and local government…………….………………………………………….………………. 120 129 117 130 129 130 REGION 8 Northeast………………………………………………………………. 363 355 322 352 350 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,219 1,099 1,152 1,150 1,163 Midwest…………………………………………………………………………….. 555 595 599 588 544 West………………………………………………………………………….. 615 602 629 665 590 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 2 331 1,162 551 643 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 5. Job openings levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region June 2006 May 2007 Rates June 2007p June 2006 May 2007 June 2007p Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,044 4,278 4,361 2.9 3.0 3.0 Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 3,535 3,790 3,838 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 15 14 13 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 198 190 128 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 317 356 356 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 210 216 224 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 107 140 131 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 653 621 666 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 139 134 133 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 367 345 409 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 147 142 124 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 137 141 158 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 279 247 259 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 213 197 204 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 66 50 56 Professional and business services…………………………………. 610 665 823 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 673 725 713 Educational services………………………………………………………. 69 71 78 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 605 654 635 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 493 656 560 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 55 82 77 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 438 575 483 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 159 175 161 3.0 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.8 4.3 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.3 3.7 2.5 3.9 3.5 2.5 3.7 2.8 3.2 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.7 4.3 2.8 3.1 2.2 3.6 3.8 2.3 4.1 4.6 3.9 4.7 3.1 3.2 1.8 1.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.6 2.4 4.8 3.0 3.1 2.4 4.4 3.8 2.7 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.9 2.8 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 509 488 523 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 33 49 40 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 476 438 484 2.3 1.2 2.4 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.3 1.4 2.4 2.7 3.1 2.4 3.0 2.6 3.4 2.5 3.1 2.6 3.2 2.6 3.6 INDUSTRY REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 712 692 699 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,587 1,756 1,636 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 786 822 848 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 959 1,008 1,178 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 6. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region June 2006 May 2007 Rates June 2007p June 2006 May 2007 June 2007p Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5,980 5,689 5,708 4.4 4.1 4.1 Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 5,461 5,261 5,184 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 23 36 33 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 477 464 452 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 439 416 421 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 283 242 260 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 156 174 161 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 1,210 1,165 994 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 175 187 179 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 850 812 662 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 185 166 153 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 97 79 83 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 229 276 255 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 140 177 187 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 89 100 67 Professional and business services…………………………………. 1,044 989 999 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 585 504 613 Educational services………………………………………………………. 87 55 106 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 498 449 508 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 1,091 1,129 1,090 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 186 214 186 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 905 914 904 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 265 204 243 4.7 3.3 6.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 4.6 2.9 5.6 3.7 3.2 2.7 2.3 4.0 5.9 3.3 3.2 3.3 8.0 8.6 7.9 4.8 4.5 5.0 6.0 3.0 2.7 3.4 4.4 3.1 5.3 3.3 2.5 3.3 2.8 4.5 5.5 2.7 1.8 2.9 8.2 10.5 7.8 3.7 4.4 4.6 5.7 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.8 3.0 4.3 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.5 3.4 3.8 3.3 7.7 8.4 7.6 4.4 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 518 428 524 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 67 92 114 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 452 336 410 2.4 2.4 2.4 1.9 3.4 1.7 2.4 4.2 2.1 3.7 4.6 4.1 4.7 3.3 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.3 4.2 4.3 4.5 INDUSTRY REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 936 843 849 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 2,282 2,215 2,085 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 1,307 1,386 1,363 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1,456 1,245 1,410 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 7. Total separations levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region June 2006 May 2007 Rates June 2007p June 2006 May 2007 June 2007p Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4,940 4,544 4,776 3.6 3.3 3.4 Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 4,462 4,201 4,311 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 16 25 19 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 327 328 313 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 380 403 372 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 222 238 229 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 158 165 142 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 1,045 974 974 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 146 118 178 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 759 708 675 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 140 148 121 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 92 77 74 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 224 245 202 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 133 169 145 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 91 76 57 Professional and business services…………………………………. 835 722 743 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 515 488 554 Educational services………………………………………………………. 86 69 103 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 429 418 451 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 826 800 855 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 99 93 98 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 727 707 757 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 202 140 205 3.9 2.4 4.1 2.7 2.4 3.0 4.0 2.5 5.0 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.1 4.1 4.7 2.9 3.2 2.9 6.0 4.6 6.3 3.7 3.6 3.5 4.2 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.7 2.0 4.6 2.9 2.5 2.9 2.7 3.4 4.0 2.7 2.3 2.7 5.8 4.6 6.0 2.5 3.7 2.7 4.0 2.6 2.6 2.7 3.7 2.9 4.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 4.1 3.0 3.7 2.9 6.0 4.4 6.4 3.7 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 478 344 465 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 76 78 95 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 402 266 369 2.2 2.8 2.1 1.5 2.9 1.3 2.1 3.5 1.9 3.1 4.2 3.0 3.8 2.2 3.9 3.1 3.4 2.6 3.6 3.2 4.1 INDUSTRY REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 788 567 684 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 2,053 1,931 1,780 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 938 982 1,021 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1,161 1,064 1,290 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 8. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region June 2006 May 2007 Rates June 2007p June 2006 May 2007 June 2007p Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2,993 2,850 2,838 2.2 2.1 2.0 Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 2,788 2,668 2,628 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 8 18 13 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 193 142 146 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 201 227 212 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 120 133 128 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 81 94 83 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 623 651 627 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 86 66 112 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 464 495 449 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 74 90 66 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 70 43 43 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 150 173 130 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 91 128 101 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 58 45 29 Professional and business services…………………………………. 452 439 433 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 328 305 314 Educational services………………………………………………………. 43 29 44 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 285 276 270 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 635 565 603 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 57 42 53 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 577 523 550 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 127 107 107 2.4 1.2 2.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 2.4 1.4 3.0 1.5 2.3 1.8 1.5 2.6 2.5 1.9 1.6 1.9 4.6 2.6 5.0 2.3 2.3 2.5 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.5 1.1 3.2 1.8 1.4 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.7 .9 1.8 4.1 2.0 4.5 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.6 2.4 1.9 2.9 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.3 2.4 1.7 1.6 1.8 4.3 2.4 4.6 1.9 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 204 182 209 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 30 30 33 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 174 152 177 .9 1.1 .9 .8 1.1 .8 .9 1.2 .9 1.5 2.7 1.8 2.3 1.3 2.5 1.8 2.2 1.5 2.2 1.8 2.3 INDUSTRY REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 383 330 396 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,339 1,259 1,118 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 578 585 591 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 692 676 732 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region June 2006 May 2007 Rates June 2007p June 2006 May 2007 June 2007p Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1,513 1,380 1,528 1.1 1.0 1.1 Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 1,339 1,290 1,395 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 3 6 4 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 114 164 154 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 147 140 136 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 80 80 86 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 67 60 50 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 312 265 249 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 45 44 46 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 225 177 165 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 42 45 37 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 14 24 22 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 55 53 55 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 27 28 36 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 28 24 19 Professional and business services…………………………………. 310 247 265 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 154 147 203 Educational services………………………………………………………. 37 37 55 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 117 110 148 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 170 217 228 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 40 49 43 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 130 167 185 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 60 27 80 1.2 .4 1.4 1.0 .9 1.3 1.2 .8 1.5 .8 .5 .7 .4 1.3 1.7 .9 1.4 .8 1.2 1.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 .8 2.1 1.0 .9 1.2 1.0 .7 1.2 .9 .8 .6 .5 1.1 1.4 .8 1.2 .7 1.6 2.4 1.4 .5 1.2 .5 1.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9 .8 1.1 .7 .7 .6 .6 .8 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.0 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.4 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 175 91 133 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 26 17 26 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 148 74 107 .8 1.0 .8 .4 .6 .4 .6 1.0 .5 1.2 1.1 .9 1.3 .7 1.1 1.0 1.0 .9 1.1 1.0 1.5 INDUSTRY REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 312 188 221 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 541 562 529 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 269 321 326 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 390 310 452 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 10. Other separations levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region June 2006 May 2007 Rates June 2007p June 2006 May 2007 June 2007p Total…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 434 313 410 0.3 0.2 0.3 Total private……………………………………………………………………………….. 335 242 288 Natural resources and mining…………………………………………… 6 2 2 Construction………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 22 14 Manufacturing…………………………………………………………………………. 32 36 24 Durable goods...……………………………………………………………..…. 22 25 15 Nondurable goods...………………………………………………………..… 10 10 9 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………………………………………. 109 58 98 Wholesale trade………………………………………………………...……… 15 8 19 Retail trade………………………………………………………..…..……….. 70 36 60 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……………….... 25 13 18 Information………………………………………………………………...……….. 8 10 9 Financial activities……..…………………………………………………….…… 20 20 17 Finance and insurance…………………………………………………………………………. 15 13 9 Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………….. 5 7 8 Professional and business services…………………………………. 73 36 44 Education and health services………………………………………….……………. 33 36 37 Educational services………………………………………………………. 6 4 5 Health care and social assistance……………………………. 27 32 33 Leisure and hospitality………………...……………………………...……… 21 19 24 Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………………. 2 2 2 Accommodations and food services…………………………. 20 16 23 Other services……………………………………………………….…………….. 14 6 17 .3 .8 .2 .2 .2 .2 .4 .3 .5 .5 .2 .2 .2 .2 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .3 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .1 .2 .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .4 .3 .4 .4 .3 .2 .1 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 .3 Government…………………………………………………………………………….. 99 71 122 Federal……………………………………………………………………...…………… 19 32 36 State and local…………….………………………………………….………………. 80 39 86 .5 .7 .4 .3 1.2 .2 .6 1.3 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 INDUSTRY REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………………………………………….. 93 50 67 South………………………………………………………………………………….. 172 110 133 Midwest………………………………………………………………………………..….. 91 76 104 West…………………………………………………………………………………………. 78 78 106 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2