Full text of June 2006 : Text File, USDL-06-1363
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Technical information: (202) 691-5870 USDL 06-1363
http://www.bls.gov/jlt/
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: 691-5902 Wednesday, August 9, 2006
JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: JUNE 2006
The hires and total separations rates edged down, while the job openings
rate was essentially unchanged in June, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of
the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. This release includes estimates
of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total
nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region.
Job Openings
On the last business day of June 2006, there were 4.0 million job openings
in the United States, and the job openings rate was 2.9 percent. The job open-
ings rate was about unchanged over the month and has been essentially unchanged
since November 2005. In June, the job openings rate increased in construction
and government and declined in professional and business services. The indus-
tries with the highest seasonally adjusted job openings rate in June 2006 were
education and health services (3.7 percent), leisure and hospitality (3.6 per-
cent), and professional and business services (3.4 percent). (See table 1.)
Over the year, the job openings rate increased in many industries and in
three of the four regions--the Northeast, South, and West. None of the indus-
tries or regions experienced a significant decrease in the job openings rate
from the prior year. (See table 5.)
Hires
The hires rate edged down to 3.5 percent in June. Hires are any additions
to the payroll during the month. In June, the hires rate decreased in profes-
sional and business services, education and health services, and in the North-
east and Midwest regions. There were no significant increases in the hires
rate in any industry or region. The seasonally adjusted hires rate was high-
est in the leisure and hospitality industry (6.5 percent). (See table 2.)
From June 2005 to June 2006, the hires rate rose in nondurable goods manu-
facturing, educational services, and state and local government and declined
in construction; arts, entertainment, and recreation; and the federal govern-
ment. The hires rate did not change significantly over the year in any geo-
graphic region. (See table 6.)
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Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | June | May | June | June | May | June | June | May | June
| 2005 | 2006 | 2006p| 2005 | 2006 | 2006p| 2005 | 2006 | 2006p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........|3,598 |3,945 |4,004 |4,807 |4,949 |4,758 |4,590 |4,811 |4,550
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1).|3,183 |3,496 |3,509 |4,471 |4,573 |4,385 |4,321 |4,488 |4,263
Construction...| 112 | 119 | 156 | 413 | 374 | 362 | 403 | 478 | 318
Manufacturing..| 259 | 311 | 313 | 340 | 385 | 377 | 341 | 381 | 373
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and| | | | | | | | |
utilities.....| 636 | 687 | 663 |1,057 |1,018 |1,037 | 980 |1,046 |1,042
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services......| 643 | 693 | 611 | 904 |1,006 | 868 | 873 | 833 | 752
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices.........| 601 | 651 | 674 | 462 | 549 | 471 | 412 | 487 | 464
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality...| 493 | 496 | 486 | 892 | 811 | 843 | 839 | 799 | 781
Government.......| 397 | 452 | 478 | 338 | 379 | 373 | 266 | 324 | 286
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........| 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.4
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1).| 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.8
Construction...| 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 4.2
Manufacturing..| 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.6
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and| | | | | | | | |
utilities.....| 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.0
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services......| 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.4
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices.........| 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.6
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality...| 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 7.0 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 6.0
Government.......| 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
Separations
The total separations, or turnover, rate decreased to 3.4 percent in June.
Separations are terminations of employment that occur at any time during the
month. In June, the total separations rate decreased in construction, govern-
ment, and the Midwest region. There were no significant increases in the total
separations rate in any industry or region. (See table 3.)
Total separations include quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and dis-
charges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including retire-
ments). The quits rate, which can serve as a barometer of workers' ability
to change jobs, was about unchanged at 1.9 percent in June. The quits rate
decreased in construction, professional and business services, and govern-
ment. In June, the seasonally adjusted quits rate was highest in the lei-
sure and hospitality industry (4.5 percent), which also had the highest
hires rate. (See table 4.)
- 3 -
Over the year, the quits rate grew in nondurable goods manufacturing and
accommodations and food services as well as in the South region. The quits
rate declined in professional and business services. (See table 8.)
The other two components of total separations--layoffs and discharges,
and other separations--are not seasonally adjusted. From June 2005 to
June 2006, the layoffs and discharges rate decreased to 1.1 percent. For
June 2006, the professional and business services industry had the highest
layoffs and discharges rate (1.9 percent). From June 2005 to June 2006,
the other separations rate increased to 0.3 percent. (See tables 9 and 10.)
Flows in the Labor Market
Hires and separations data help show dynamic flows in the labor market.
Over the 12 months ending in June 2006, hires have averaged 4.8 million per
month and separations have averaged 4.5 million per month (not seasonally
adjusted). The comparable figures for the prior 12-month period were 4.7
million hires and 4.5 million separations. (See the Technical Note for
additional information on these measures.)
For More Information
For additional information, please read the Technical Note or visit the
JOLTS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/jlt/. Additional information about
JOLTS also may be obtained by e-mailing Joltsinfo@bls.gov or by calling
(202) 691-5870.
______________________________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for July 2006 is scheduled
to be issued on Tuesday, September 12, 2006.
- 4 -
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) are
collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business establishments
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
Each month, data are collected in a survey of business establishments
for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Data collection methods include computer-assisted
telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as
factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local
government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible
quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and update,
if necessary, the industry code, location, and ownership classification of
all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment characteris-
tics resulting from the verification process are always introduced into the
JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or re-
ceived pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference
month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried,
and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or
other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses,
unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay or on strike for
the entire pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of tempo-
rary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the establish-
ment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for the
last business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that:
1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that posi-
tion, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable
candidate is found, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside
the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time,
permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in news-
papers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications,
or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or
recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates
more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have been hired
but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors,
or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number
of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
- 5 -
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll occurring
at any time during the reference month, including both new and rehired em-
ployees, full-time and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal em-
ployees, employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more
than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after
having been formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The
hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies
or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The
hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and
multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and are
reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (ex-
cept for retirements, which are reported as other separations). Lay-
offs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the em-
ployer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal layoffs
lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges resulting
from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other discharges
for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term employees, and
terminations of seasonal employees. Other separations include re-
tirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations
due to disability. Separations do not include transfers within the
same location or employees on strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations
by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly, divid-
ing the number by employment and multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires, quits,
layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are released
with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges,
other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 12 published
monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by dividing the an-
nual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average employ-
ment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be ap-
proximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the
JOLTS and CES annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the
annual estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual es-
timates will be published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last business
day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are
counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be cumulated throughout
each month, annual figures for job openings cannot be created by summing
the monthly estimates. Hires and separations are flow measures and are
cumulated over the month with a total reported for the month. Therefore,
the annual figures can be created by summing the monthly estimates.
- 6 -
Sample methodology
The JOLTS sample design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm business
establishments, including factories, offices, and stores, as well as
federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states and the District
of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over eight
million establishments compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly
Census of Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program. This program includes
all employers subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal
agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector,
and size class. Large firms fall into the sample with virtual certainty.
JOLTS total employment estimates are controlled to the employment estimates
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS
employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
Rates are then computed from the adjusted levels.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are rel-
atively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel
enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the original data
series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system
was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The supple-
mental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not
completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those
points are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier
months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting
data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and separations data
were revised to address possible underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires
and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be compar-
able with estimates for March 2002 and later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring approx-
imately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland Security is not
reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal gov-
ernment. The Office of Personnel Management's record shows these transfers
were completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS defi-
nitions of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of
workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorgan-
ization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these intergovern-
mental transfers would distort the federal government time series.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year.
Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes in
the level of the series, particularly those associated with general
economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjust-
ment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are
calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including
the data for the current month.
- 7 -
Data users should note that seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series is
conducted with fewer data observations than is customary. The historical
data, therefore, may be subject to larger than normal revisions. Since the
seasonal patterns in economic data series typically emerge over time, the
standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters to capture these effects
requires longer series than are currently available. As a result, the stable
seasonal filter option is used in the seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS data.
When calculating seasonal factors, this filter takes an average for each cal-
endar month after detrending the series. The stable seasonal filter assumes
that the seasonal factors are fixed; a necessary assumption until sufficient
data are available. When the stable seasonal filter is no longer needed,
other program features also may be introduced, such as outlier adjustment
and extended diagnostic testing. Additionally, it is expected that more
series, such as layoffs and discharges and additional industries, may be
seasonally adjusted when more data are available.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a
chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population
values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is
a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true"
population value because of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors
are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling
error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a seg-
ment of the population, the inability to obtain data from all units in the
sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection
or processing of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark data
used in estimation.
JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to exactly ex-
plain net changes in nonfarm payroll employment. Some reasons why it is
problematic to compare changes in payroll employment with JOLTS hires and
separations, especially on a monthly basis, are: 1) the reference period
for payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the month,
while the reference period for hires and separations is the calendar month;
and 2) payroll employment can vary from month to month simply because part-
time and on-call workers may not always work during the pay period that in-
cludes the 12th of the month. Additionally, research has found that some
reporters systematically underreport separations relative to hires due to a
number of factors, including the nature of their payroll systems and prac-
tices. The shortfall appears to be about 2 percent or less over a 12-month
period.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p
Total(4)............................... 3,598 3,981 3,994 4,089 4,070 3,945 4,004 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 3,183 3,533 3,531 3,633 3,603 3,496 3,509 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0
Construction......................... 112 114 121 144 138 119 156 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.6 2.0
Manufacturing........................ 259 324 318 318 323 311 313 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 636 687 660 651 672 687 663 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5
Professional and business services... 643 777 716 702 748 693 611 3.7 4.3 4.0 3.9 4.2 3.9 3.4
Education and health services........ 601 627 640 692 674 651 674 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.7
Leisure and hospitality.............. 493 507 587 506 485 496 486 3.7 3.8 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.6
Government............................ 397 449 460 458 467 452 478 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.1
REGION(5)
Northeast............................ 628 740 707 732 672 670 726 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.8
South................................ 1,360 1,550 1,547 1,634 1,600 1,591 1,536 2.8 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1
Midwest.............................. 750 745 797 721 770 787 772 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4
West................................. 828 928 957 985 1,022 918 933 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.0
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p
Total(4)............................... 4,807 4,941 4,954 4,884 4,649 4,949 4,758 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 4,471 4,584 4,578 4,503 4,301 4,573 4,385 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.9
Construction......................... 413 379 403 344 376 374 362 5.7 5.1 5.4 4.6 5.0 5.0 4.8
Manufacturing........................ 340 366 333 341 328 385 377 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 1,057 1,177 1,117 1,103 1,029 1,018 1,037 4.1 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0
Professional and business services... 904 953 841 922 858 1,006 868 5.4 5.6 4.9 5.4 5.0 5.8 5.0
Education and health services........ 462 446 435 435 481 549 471 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.7 3.1 2.7
Leisure and hospitality.............. 892 847 1,019 899 775 811 843 7.0 6.6 7.9 6.9 6.0 6.2 6.5
Government............................ 338 352 379 397 361 379 373 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7
REGION(5)
Northeast............................ 779 727 814 914 849 852 716 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.6 3.3 3.3 2.8
South................................ 1,854 1,946 2,061 1,803 1,777 1,849 1,836 3.9 4.1 4.3 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8
Midwest.............................. 1,041 1,043 1,045 1,117 965 1,133 1,022 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.1 3.6 3.2
West................................. 1,137 1,176 1,083 1,127 1,152 1,114 1,177 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.9
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p
Total(4)............................... 4,590 4,285 4,531 4,681 4,495 4,811 4,550 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 4,321 3,995 4,252 4,360 4,203 4,488 4,263 3.9 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.7 4.0 3.8
Construction......................... 403 374 335 422 373 478 318 5.5 5.0 4.5 5.6 5.0 6.4 4.2
Manufacturing........................ 341 353 380 427 346 381 373 2.4 2.5 2.7 3.0 2.4 2.7 2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 980 880 997 989 1,022 1,046 1,042 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0
Professional and business services... 873 780 826 798 790 833 752 5.2 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.4
Education and health services........ 412 353 403 399 437 487 464 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.8 2.6
Leisure and hospitality.............. 839 848 881 769 770 799 781 6.6 6.6 6.8 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.0
Government............................ 266 300 285 326 302 324 286 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3
REGION(5)
Northeast............................ 785 701 736 714 711 779 742 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.9
South................................ 1,708 1,653 1,694 1,810 1,710 1,828 1,774 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.8 3.7
Midwest.............................. 918 987 1,032 1,014 992 1,045 849 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 2.7
West................................. 1,120 970 1,054 1,188 1,116 1,136 1,127 3.8 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.8
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p
Total(4)............................... 2,541 2,577 2,663 2,763 2,541 2,723 2,614 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 2,413 2,435 2,526 2,606 2,383 2,565 2,478 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.2
Construction......................... 147 179 153 182 167 207 159 2.0 2.4 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.8 2.1
Manufacturing........................ 185 196 202 205 175 202 191 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 587 551 602 598 613 622 594 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3
Professional and business services... 414 415 422 426 409 434 357 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.1
Education and health services........ 269 225 279 267 253 276 286 1.5 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6
Leisure and hospitality.............. 504 569 607 561 535 533 588 3.9 4.4 4.7 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.5
Government............................ 132 143 139 156 159 159 137 .6 .7 .6 .7 .7 .7 .6
REGION(5)
Northeast............................ 356 369 368 383 370 370 349 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4
South................................ 998 1,068 1,114 1,129 1,026 1,152 1,120 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.3
Midwest.............................. 538 571 600 619 575 581 535 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.7
West................................. 661 569 567 642 593 612 615 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.1
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2005 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006p
Total........................................... 3,702 4,229 4,120 2.7 3.0 2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,264 3,739 3,590 2.8 3.2 3.0
Natural resources and mining.................. 13 15 15 2.0 2.2 2.1
Construction.................................. 130 145 187 1.7 1.9 2.4
Manufacturing................................. 275 325 333 1.9 2.2 2.3
Durable goods................................ 173 219 217 1.9 2.4 2.3
Nondurable goods............................. 102 106 116 1.9 2.0 2.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 631 717 656 2.4 2.7 2.4
Wholesale trade.............................. 125 156 136 2.1 2.6 2.3
Retail trade................................. 384 413 365 2.5 2.7 2.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 122 148 154 2.4 2.9 3.0
Information................................... 93 131 138 2.9 4.1 4.3
Financial activities.......................... 211 285 285 2.5 3.3 3.3
Finance and insurance........................ 171 221 220 2.8 3.5 3.4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 39 64 65 1.8 2.9 2.9
Professional and business services............ 685 710 638 3.9 4.0 3.5
Education and health services................. 616 681 695 3.5 3.7 3.8
Educational services......................... 65 80 62 2.4 2.7 2.3
Health care and social assistance............ 551 602 633 3.6 3.9 4.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 504 558 493 3.6 4.1 3.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 75 66 51 3.4 3.2 2.3
Accommodations and food services............. 428 492 442 3.7 4.2 3.7
Other services................................ 108 170 152 1.9 3.0 2.7
Government..................................... 438 490 529 2.0 2.1 2.4
Federal....................................... 36 44 41 1.3 1.6 1.5
State and local............................... 401 446 488 2.1 2.2 2.5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 639 726 743 2.5 2.8 2.8
South......................................... 1,414 1,683 1,592 2.9 3.4 3.2
Midwest....................................... 760 818 787 2.4 2.5 2.4
West.......................................... 889 1,002 998 2.9 3.2 3.2
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2005 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006p
Total........................................... 5,855 5,666 5,775 4.4 4.2 4.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 5,416 5,277 5,290 4.8 4.6 4.6
Natural resources and mining.................. 28 25 23 4.5 3.7 3.3
Construction.................................. 542 481 469 7.2 6.3 6.1
Manufacturing................................. 391 444 437 2.7 3.1 3.0
Durable goods................................ 261 286 275 2.9 3.2 3.0
Nondurable goods............................. 130 158 162 2.4 3.0 3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,170 1,107 1,143 4.5 4.3 4.4
Wholesale trade.............................. 171 155 180 3.0 2.6 3.1
Retail trade................................. 828 784 765 5.4 5.2 5.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 171 168 198 3.5 3.4 4.0
Information................................... 78 98 80 2.5 3.2 2.6
Financial activities.......................... 196 226 240 2.4 2.7 2.9
Finance and insurance........................ 120 131 142 2.0 2.1 2.3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 77 95 98 3.6 4.4 4.4
Professional and business services............ 1,028 1,097 979 6.0 6.4 5.6
Education and health services................. 558 542 567 3.3 3.0 3.2
Educational services......................... 61 66 88 2.3 2.2 3.3
Health care and social assistance............ 497 476 479 3.4 3.2 3.2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 1,154 1,061 1,087 8.6 8.0 8.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 243 222 187 11.3 11.2 8.6
Accommodations and food services............. 911 838 901 8.1 7.5 7.9
Other services................................ 269 197 264 4.9 3.6 4.8
Government..................................... 439 389 485 2.0 1.7 2.2
Federal....................................... 56 67 37 2.0 2.5 1.4
State and local............................... 383 322 449 2.0 1.6 2.3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 1,037 1,000 951 4.1 3.9 3.7
South......................................... 2,189 2,092 2,172 4.6 4.3 4.5
Midwest....................................... 1,255 1,365 1,222 4.0 4.3 3.8
West.......................................... 1,373 1,209 1,430 4.6 4.0 4.7
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2005 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006p
Total........................................... 4,806 4,800 4,753 3.6 3.5 3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,404 4,457 4,323 3.9 3.9 3.8
Natural resources and mining.................. 15 13 16 2.4 1.9 2.3
Construction.................................. 398 422 311 5.3 5.6 4.0
Manufacturing................................. 349 367 376 2.4 2.6 2.6
Durable goods................................ 219 203 214 2.4 2.2 2.3
Nondurable goods............................. 130 164 162 2.4 3.2 3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 940 1,078 1,006 3.6 4.1 3.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 124 140 142 2.1 2.4 2.4
Retail trade................................. 631 766 699 4.1 5.1 4.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 185 173 165 3.8 3.5 3.3
Information................................... 70 84 72 2.3 2.7 2.3
Financial activities.......................... 186 211 219 2.3 2.5 2.6
Finance and insurance........................ 126 152 123 2.1 2.5 2.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 60 58 96 2.8 2.7 4.3
Professional and business services............ 931 853 792 5.5 4.9 4.5
Education and health services................. 478 514 537 2.8 2.9 3.1
Educational services......................... 88 83 85 3.4 2.9 3.2
Health care and social assistance............ 390 431 452 2.7 2.9 3.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 854 765 790 6.4 5.8 5.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 112 119 89 5.2 6.0 4.1
Accommodations and food services............. 742 646 700 6.6 5.7 6.1
Other services................................ 182 151 205 3.3 2.8 3.7
Government..................................... 403 342 430 1.9 1.5 2.0
Federal....................................... 47 52 31 1.7 1.9 1.1
State and local............................... 356 291 399 1.9 1.5 2.1
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 873 704 828 3.5 2.8 3.2
South......................................... 1,777 1,945 1,850 3.7 4.0 3.8
Midwest....................................... 1,007 1,018 913 3.2 3.2 2.9
West.......................................... 1,149 1,133 1,163 3.9 3.8 3.8
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2005 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006p
Total........................................... 2,729 2,860 2,797 2.0 2.1 2.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,545 2,677 2,607 2.3 2.4 2.3
Natural resources and mining.................. 9 9 8 1.4 1.3 1.1
Construction.................................. 181 210 183 2.4 2.8 2.4
Manufacturing................................. 196 210 202 1.4 1.5 1.4
Durable goods................................ 125 112 117 1.4 1.2 1.3
Nondurable goods............................. 71 99 84 1.3 1.9 1.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 585 663 589 2.3 2.5 2.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 76 70 82 1.3 1.2 1.4
Retail trade................................. 427 498 431 2.8 3.3 2.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 83 94 76 1.7 1.9 1.5
Information................................... 49 67 54 1.6 2.2 1.7
Financial activities.......................... 144 134 146 1.8 1.6 1.7
Finance and insurance........................ 96 99 84 1.6 1.6 1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 48 35 63 2.2 1.6 2.8
Professional and business services............ 443 463 380 2.6 2.7 2.2
Education and health services................. 298 294 321 1.7 1.7 1.8
Educational services......................... 49 39 42 1.9 1.3 1.6
Health care and social assistance............ 249 254 279 1.7 1.7 1.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 507 543 599 3.8 4.1 4.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 57 36 51 2.6 1.8 2.3
Accommodations and food services............. 450 507 548 4.0 4.5 4.8
Other services................................ 131 84 125 2.4 1.5 2.3
Government..................................... 185 183 191 .9 .8 .9
Federal....................................... 17 24 11 .6 .9 .4
State and local............................... 167 159 180 .9 .8 .9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 389 383 378 1.5 1.5 1.5
South......................................... 1,063 1,225 1,195 2.2 2.5 2.5
Midwest....................................... 574 616 565 1.8 1.9 1.8
West.......................................... 703 636 658 2.4 2.1 2.2
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2005 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006p
Total........................................... 1,745 1,547 1,551 1.3 1.1 1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,624 1,446 1,397 1.4 1.3 1.2
Natural resources and mining.................. 4 2 3 .6 .3 .4
Construction.................................. 195 179 110 2.6 2.4 1.4
Manufacturing................................. 127 127 145 .9 .9 1.0
Durable goods................................ 76 71 75 .8 .8 .8
Nondurable goods............................. 51 56 69 1.0 1.1 1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 304 320 335 1.2 1.2 1.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 43 57 46 .7 1.0 .8
Retail trade................................. 177 204 223 1.2 1.3 1.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 83 59 66 1.7 1.2 1.3
Information................................... 17 12 11 .5 .4 .4
Financial activities.......................... 31 51 50 .4 .6 .6
Finance and insurance........................ 20 32 21 .3 .5 .3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 11 20 29 .5 .9 1.3
Professional and business services............ 436 317 334 2.6 1.8 1.9
Education and health services................. 147 195 180 .9 1.1 1.0
Educational services......................... 33 41 37 1.3 1.4 1.4
Health care and social assistance............ 114 153 143 .8 1.0 1.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 323 193 166 2.4 1.5 1.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 55 80 37 2.5 4.0 1.7
Accommodations and food services............. 269 113 129 2.4 1.0 1.1
Other services................................ 40 50 64 .7 .9 1.2
Government..................................... 121 101 154 .6 .5 .7
Federal....................................... 13 12 13 .5 .4 .5
State and local............................... 108 90 141 .6 .5 .7
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 402 242 368 1.6 .9 1.4
South......................................... 607 557 493 1.3 1.1 1.0
Midwest....................................... 368 326 257 1.2 1.0 .8
West.......................................... 369 423 433 1.2 1.4 1.4
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2005 2006 2006p 2005 2006 2006p
Total........................................... 332 392 405 0.2 0.3 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 235 334 320 .2 .3 .3
Natural resources and mining.................. 2 2 5 .3 .4 .8
Construction.................................. 22 32 18 .3 .4 .2
Manufacturing................................. 26 30 30 .2 .2 .2
Durable goods................................ 18 20 21 .2 .2 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 8 10 9 .1 .2 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 51 96 82 .2 .4 .3
Wholesale trade.............................. 6 12 13 .1 .2 .2
Retail trade................................. 27 64 46 .2 .4 .3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 19 19 23 .4 .4 .5
Information................................... 5 5 7 .2 .2 .2
Financial activities.......................... 11 25 23 .1 .3 .3
Finance and insurance........................ 10 22 18 .2 .4 .3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 1 3 5 .1 .2 .2
Professional and business services............ 52 73 78 .3 .4 .4
Education and health services................. 32 26 37 .2 .1 .2
Educational services......................... 5 3 6 .2 .1 .2
Health care and social assistance............ 27 23 31 .2 .2 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 23 29 25 .2 .2 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1 3 2 (4) .2 .1
Accommodations and food services............. 23 26 23 .2 .2 .2
Other services................................ 12 17 15 .2 .3 .3
Government..................................... 97 58 85 .4 .3 .4
Federal....................................... 16 16 6 .6 .6 .2
State and local............................... 80 42 79 .4 .2 .4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 82 79 82 .3 .3 .3
South......................................... 107 163 162 .2 .3 .3
Midwest....................................... 65 76 90 .2 .2 .3
West.......................................... 78 74 71 .3 .2 .2
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 5, table 1.
4 Data round to zero.
p = preliminary.