Full text of June 2005 : Text File, USDL-05-1514
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Technical information: (202) 691-5870 USDL 05-1514
http://www.bls.gov/jlt/
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: 691-5902 Wednesday, August 10, 2005
JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: JUNE 2005
The job openings, hires, and total separations rates were all
essentially unchanged in June, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today. This release includes estimates of the
number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total
nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region.
Job Openings
On the last business day of June 2005, there were 3.5 million job
openings in the United States, and the job openings rate was 2.6 percent.
(See table 1.) The job openings rate was little changed in June, but has
generally trended upward since September 2003. In June, the job openings
rate was little changed in all industries and regions except in the West,
where it increased.
Hires and Separations
The hires rate was little changed at 3.5 percent in June. (See table
2.) Hires are any additions to the payroll during the month. In June, the
hires rate was little changed in each region, and changed significantly
only in the leisure and hospitality industry, where it increased.
The total separations, or turnover, rate was little changed at 3.3
percent in June. (See table 3.) Separations are terminations of em-
ployment that occur at any time during the month. In June, the total
separations rate did not change significantly in any industry or region.
Total separations include quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and
discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including
retirements). The quits rate, which can serve as a barometer of workers'
ability to change jobs, remained at 1.9 percent in June. (See table 4.)
The quits rate did not change significantly in any industry in June. In
the regions, the quits rate changed only in the West, where it increased.
The other two components of total separations--layoffs and discharges,
and other separations--are not seasonally adjusted. From June 2004 to June
2005, the layoffs and discharges rate was unchanged at 1.1 percent, but the
other separations rate decreased to 0.2 percent. (See tables 9 and 10.)
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Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | June | May | June | June | May | June | June | May | June
| 2004 | 2005 | 2005p| 2004 | 2005 | 2005p| 2004 | 2005 | 2005p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........|3,140 |3,416 |3,541 |4,492 |4,740 |4,635 |4,235 |4,504 |4,362
Total private(1).|2,777 |3,050 |3,165 |4,185 |4,398 |4,309 |3,966 |4,256 |4,111
Construction...| 93 | 107 | 111 | 446 | 420 | 390 | 367 | 408 | 370
Manufacturing..| 247 | 240 | 259 | 354 | 342 | 330 | 324 | 369 | 344
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and| | | | | | | | |
utilities.....| 553 | 597 | 624 | 951 |1,030 |1,040 | 874 | 989 | 950
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services......| 570 | 659 | 634 | 754 | 887 | 826 | 740 | 851 | 795
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices.........| 505 | 611 | 603 | 420 | 466 | 453 | 355 | 405 | 389
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality...| 412 | 440 | 479 | 761 | 750 | 863 | 782 | 750 | 745
Government.......| 361 | 378 | 381 | 315 | 339 | 331 | 262 | 254 | 255
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........| 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.3
Total private(1).| 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.7
Construction...| 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.1
Manufacturing..| 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.4
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and| | | | | | | | |
utilities.....| 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 3.7
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services......| 3.4 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 4.7
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices.........| 2.9 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.2
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality...| 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 6.1 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 5.8
Government.......| 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
Hires and separations data help show dynamic flows in the labor market.
Over the last 12 months, hires have averaged 4.6 million per month and
separations have averaged 4.4 million per month (not seasonally adjusted).
The comparable figures a year earlier were 4.3 million hires and 4.1
million separations. (See the Technical Note for additional information on
these measures.)
For More Information
For additional information, please read the Technical Note or visit the
JOLTS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/jlt/. Additional information about
JOLTS also may be obtained by e-mailing Joltsinfo@bls.gov or by calling
(202) 691-5870.
______________________________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for July 2005 is scheduled
to be issued on Wednesday, September 7, 2005.
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Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) are
collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business establishments
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
Each month, data are collected in a survey of business establishments
for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Data collection methods include computer-assisted
telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as
factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local
government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible
quality of data, State Employment Security Agencies verify with employers
and update, if necessary, the industry code, location, and ownership clas-
sification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establish-
ment characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the
first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or re-
ceived pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference
month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried,
and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or
other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses,
unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay or on strike for
the entire pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of tempo-
rary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the establish-
ment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for the
last business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that:
1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that posi-
tion, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable
candidate is found, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside
the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time,
permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in news-
papers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications,
or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or
recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates
more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have been hired
but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors,
or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number
of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
- 4 -
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll occurring
at any time during the reference month, including both new and rehired em-
ployees, full-time and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal em-
ployees, employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more
than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after
having been formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The
hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies
or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The
hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and
multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and are
reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (ex-
cept for retirements, which are reported as other separations). Lay-
offs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the em-
ployer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal layoffs
lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges resulting
from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other discharges
for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term employees, and
terminations of seasonal employees. Other separations include re-
tirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations
due to disability. Separations do not include transfers within the
same location or employees on strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations
by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly, divid-
ing the number by employment and multiplying by 100.
Sample methodology
The JOLTS sample design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm business
establishments, including factories, offices, and stores, as well as
federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states and the District
of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over eight
million establishments compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly
Census of Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program. This program includes
all employers subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal
agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector,
and size class. Large firms fall into the sample with virtual certainty.
JOLTS total employment estimates are controlled to the employment estimates
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS
employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
Rates are then computed from the adjusted levels.
- 5 -
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are rel-
atively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel
enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the original data
series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system
was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The supple-
mental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not
completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those
points are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier
months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting
data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and separations data
were revised to address possible underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires
and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be compar-
able with estimates for March 2002 and later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring approx-
imately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland Security is not
reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal gov-
ernment. The Office of Personnel Management's record shows these transfers
were completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS defi-
nitions of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of
workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorgan-
ization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these intergovern-
mental transfers would distort the federal government time series.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year.
Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes in
the level of the series, particularly those associated with general
economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjust-
ment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are
calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including
the data for the current month.
Data users should note that seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series is
conducted with fewer data observations than is customary. The historical
data, therefore, may be subject to larger than normal revisions. Since the
seasonal patterns in economic data series typically emerge over time, the
standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters to capture these effects
requires longer series than are currently available. As a result, the stable
seasonal filter option is used in the seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS data.
When calculating seasonal factors, this filter takes an average for each cal-
endar month after detrending the series. The stable seasonal filter assumes
that the seasonal factors are fixed; a necessary assumption until sufficient
data are available. When the stable seasonal filter is no longer needed,
other program features also may be introduced, such as outlier adjustment
and extended diagnostic testing. Additionally, it is expected that more
series, such as layoffs and discharges and additional industries, may be
seasonally adjusted when more data are available.
- 6 -
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a
chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population
values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is
a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true"
population value because of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors
are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling
error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a seg-
ment of the population, the inability to obtain data from all units in the
sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection
or processing of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark data
used in estimation.
JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to exactly ex-
plain net changes in nonfarm payroll employment. Some reasons why it is
problematic to compare changes in payroll employment with JOLTS hires and
separations, especially on a monthly basis, are: 1) the reference period
for payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the month,
while the reference period for hires and separations is the calendar month;
and 2) payroll employment can vary from month to month simply because part-
time and on-call workers may not always work during the pay period that in-
cludes the 12th of the month. Additionally, research has found that some
reporters systematically underreport separations relative to hires due to a
number of factors, including the nature of their payroll systems and prac-
tices. The shortfall appears to be about 2 percent or less over a 12-month
period.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p
Total(4)............................... 3,140 3,385 3,569 3,598 3,576 3,416 3,541 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 2,777 3,020 3,160 3,212 3,178 3,050 3,165 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8
Construction......................... 93 127 133 170 113 107 111 1.3 1.8 1.8 2.3 1.5 1.5 1.5
Manufacturing........................ 247 252 252 258 259 240 259 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 553 564 668 624 627 597 624 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4
Professional and business services... 570 682 607 646 691 659 634 3.4 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.6
Education and health services........ 505 560 602 616 608 611 603 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4
Leisure and hospitality.............. 412 434 447 440 457 440 479 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6
Government............................ 361 346 404 383 396 378 381 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7
REGION
Northeast............................ 555 602 606 615 602 563 584 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.2
South................................ 1,157 1,342 1,399 1,447 1,414 1,303 1,290 2.4 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.6
Midwest.............................. 657 716 745 737 742 786 755 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3
West................................. 732 718 823 806 818 799 872 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.9
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p
Total(4)............................... 4,492 4,709 4,760 4,841 4,538 4,740 4,635 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 4,185 4,374 4,430 4,497 4,212 4,398 4,309 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9
Construction......................... 446 339 430 414 412 420 390 6.4 4.8 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.4
Manufacturing........................ 354 307 336 334 319 342 330 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 951 1,056 1,055 1,047 1,042 1,030 1,040 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0
Professional and business services... 754 882 853 895 792 887 826 4.6 5.3 5.1 5.3 4.7 5.3 4.9
Education and health services........ 420 445 500 472 487 466 453 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6
Leisure and hospitality.............. 761 826 771 798 742 750 863 6.1 6.6 6.1 6.3 5.8 5.9 6.8
Government............................ 315 341 329 336 329 339 331 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5
REGION
Northeast............................ 747 762 820 856 825 764 763 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.0
South................................ 1,679 1,880 1,867 1,922 1,701 1,816 1,763 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.8 3.7
Midwest.............................. 1,032 1,092 1,081 1,034 1,020 1,129 1,056 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.4
West................................. 1,046 959 1,069 1,036 1,037 1,048 1,070 3.6 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p
Total(4)............................... 4,235 4,352 4,295 4,502 4,562 4,504 4,362 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 3,966 4,091 4,035 4,237 4,306 4,256 4,111 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7
Construction......................... 367 417 403 303 421 408 370 5.3 5.9 5.7 4.2 5.8 5.6 5.1
Manufacturing........................ 324 361 341 360 369 369 344 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 874 882 940 980 1,018 989 950 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7
Professional and business services... 740 836 772 924 869 851 795 4.5 5.0 4.6 5.5 5.2 5.1 4.7
Education and health services........ 355 356 389 445 433 405 389 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.2
Leisure and hospitality.............. 782 832 790 743 709 750 745 6.3 6.6 6.3 5.9 5.6 5.9 5.8
Government............................ 262 258 260 267 256 254 255 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
REGION
Northeast............................ 776 773 732 802 807 714 688 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.2 2.8 2.7
South................................ 1,568 1,747 1,647 1,763 1,766 1,743 1,664 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5
Midwest.............................. 866 981 937 1,051 982 976 909 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.1 2.9
West................................. 971 964 961 926 1,006 1,034 1,032 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p
Total(4)............................... 2,330 2,530 2,307 2,516 2,520 2,514 2,498 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 2,207 2,412 2,192 2,383 2,395 2,391 2,369 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1
Construction......................... 142 171 139 150 146 168 139 2.0 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.3 1.9
Manufacturing........................ 169 185 181 186 178 183 194 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 532 563 512 583 577 589 575 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2
Professional and business services... 370 417 410 424 417 420 401 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.4
Education and health services........ 226 230 259 280 272 249 260 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5
Leisure and hospitality.............. 478 516 474 458 506 488 500 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.6 4.0 3.8 3.9
Government............................ 121 124 117 124 125 123 125 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6
REGION
Northeast............................ 344 424 340 410 446 373 349 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.4
South................................ 931 1,053 914 1,003 992 1,020 977 2.0 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1
Midwest.............................. 494 539 509 561 540 554 540 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7
West................................. 568 530 550 562 573 562 633 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.2
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p
Total........................................... 3,245 3,714 3,660 2.4 2.7 2.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,839 3,298 3,234 2.5 2.9 2.8
Natural resources and mining.................. 9 14 13 1.5 2.2 1.9
Construction.................................. 111 137 130 1.5 1.8 1.7
Manufacturing................................. 265 268 276 1.8 1.8 1.9
Durable goods................................ 160 174 184 1.7 1.9 2.0
Nondurable goods............................. 105 94 92 1.9 1.7 1.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 547 623 617 2.1 2.4 2.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 128 141 119 2.2 2.4 2.0
Retail trade................................. 334 367 378 2.2 2.4 2.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 84 115 121 1.7 2.3 2.4
Information................................... 73 78 91 2.3 2.4 2.8
Financial activities.......................... 194 214 230 2.3 2.6 2.7
Finance and insurance........................ 162 161 184 2.6 2.6 2.9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 32 53 46 1.5 2.4 2.1
Professional and business services............ 617 707 681 3.6 4.0 3.8
Education and health services................. 516 642 614 3.0 3.6 3.5
Educational services......................... 46 71 61 1.8 2.4 2.3
Health care and social assistance............ 470 572 553 3.2 3.8 3.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 401 494 474 3.0 3.7 3.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 42 49 68 2.0 2.5 3.2
Accommodations and food services............. 359 445 407 3.2 3.9 3.5
Other services................................ 105 120 108 1.9 2.1 1.9
Government..................................... 407 416 426 1.9 1.8 1.9
Federal....................................... 57 60 40 2.0 2.1 1.4
State and local............................... 350 357 387 1.8 1.8 2.0
REGION
Northeast..................................... 574 624 603 2.2 2.4 2.3
South......................................... 1,221 1,383 1,345 2.5 2.8 2.7
Midwest....................................... 668 833 769 2.1 2.6 2.4
West.......................................... 782 874 943 2.6 2.9 3.1
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p
Total........................................... 5,452 5,402 5,602 4.1 4.0 4.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 5,050 5,053 5,180 4.6 4.5 4.6
Natural resources and mining.................. 20 25 27 3.4 3.9 4.3
Construction.................................. 591 537 510 8.2 7.4 6.8
Manufacturing................................. 406 393 377 2.8 2.8 2.6
Durable goods................................ 261 246 251 2.9 2.7 2.8
Nondurable goods............................. 145 148 126 2.7 2.8 2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,041 1,124 1,137 4.1 4.4 4.4
Wholesale trade.............................. 183 156 163 3.2 2.7 2.8
Retail trade................................. 710 774 804 4.7 5.1 5.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 148 193 170 3.0 3.9 3.4
Information................................... 92 90 83 2.9 2.8 2.6
Financial activities.......................... 282 258 190 3.5 3.1 2.3
Finance and insurance........................ 159 161 111 2.7 2.7 1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 123 97 79 5.8 4.5 3.6
Professional and business services............ 839 967 913 5.1 5.7 5.3
Education and health services................. 504 456 541 3.0 2.6 3.2
Educational services......................... 62 43 53 2.5 1.5 2.0
Health care and social assistance............ 441 413 488 3.1 2.9 3.4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 984 985 1,115 7.5 7.6 8.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 168 165 198 8.1 8.7 9.5
Accommodations and food services............. 815 819 917 7.4 7.4 8.2
Other services................................ 292 219 287 5.3 4.0 5.2
Government..................................... 402 349 422 1.9 1.6 1.9
Federal....................................... 46 44 54 1.7 1.6 2.0
State and local............................... 356 305 369 1.9 1.6 1.9
REGION
Northeast..................................... 997 891 1,006 3.9 3.5 3.9
South......................................... 1,957 2,032 2,040 4.2 4.3 4.3
Midwest....................................... 1,242 1,340 1,263 4.0 4.3 4.0
West.......................................... 1,256 1,139 1,292 4.3 3.9 4.4
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p
Total........................................... 4,401 4,483 4,486 3.3 3.3 3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,003 4,217 4,101 3.6 3.8 3.6
Natural resources and mining.................. 17 18 14 2.9 2.9 2.3
Construction.................................. 354 365 353 4.9 5.0 4.7
Manufacturing................................. 340 359 346 2.4 2.5 2.4
Durable goods................................ 234 245 213 2.6 2.7 2.4
Nondurable goods............................. 106 114 133 1.9 2.1 2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 854 1,020 910 3.3 4.0 3.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 154 158 112 2.7 2.8 1.9
Retail trade................................. 569 667 620 3.8 4.4 4.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 131 195 178 2.7 3.9 3.6
Information................................... 67 69 82 2.1 2.2 2.6
Financial activities.......................... 227 181 192 2.8 2.2 2.3
Finance and insurance........................ 128 100 129 2.1 1.6 2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 99 82 63 4.6 3.8 2.9
Professional and business services............ 763 873 807 4.6 5.2 4.7
Education and health services................. 421 421 452 2.5 2.4 2.6
Educational services......................... 69 65 63 2.7 2.3 2.4
Health care and social assistance............ 352 356 388 2.5 2.5 2.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 783 725 747 6.0 5.6 5.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 86 81 104 4.1 4.2 5.0
Accommodations and food services............. 698 645 643 6.4 5.8 5.7
Other services................................ 175 185 197 3.2 3.4 3.5
Government..................................... 398 267 385 1.8 1.2 1.8
Federal....................................... 36 26 37 1.3 1.0 1.3
State and local............................... 361 240 349 1.9 1.2 1.8
REGION
Northeast..................................... 861 637 754 3.4 2.5 3.0
South......................................... 1,624 1,847 1,710 3.5 3.9 3.6
Midwest....................................... 940 958 973 3.0 3.0 3.1
West.......................................... 977 1,042 1,049 3.4 3.5 3.5
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p
Total........................................... 2,514 2,655 2,683 1.9 2.0 2.0
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,346 2,515 2,510 2.1 2.2 2.2
Natural resources and mining.................. 11 12 9 1.8 1.9 1.4
Construction.................................. 175 172 165 2.4 2.4 2.2
Manufacturing................................. 180 191 208 1.2 1.3 1.4
Durable goods................................ 120 122 125 1.3 1.4 1.4
Nondurable goods............................. 60 69 83 1.1 1.3 1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 533 617 574 2.1 2.4 2.2
Wholesale trade.............................. 102 73 72 1.8 1.3 1.3
Retail trade................................. 378 476 420 2.5 3.1 2.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 53 68 82 1.1 1.4 1.6
Information................................... 47 49 57 1.5 1.5 1.8
Financial activities.......................... 148 116 147 1.8 1.4 1.8
Finance and insurance........................ 83 61 97 1.4 1.0 1.6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 64 55 50 3.0 2.6 2.3
Professional and business services............ 390 449 417 2.4 2.7 2.4
Education and health services................. 252 263 290 1.5 1.5 1.7
Educational services......................... 31 29 37 1.2 1.0 1.4
Health care and social assistance............ 221 234 253 1.6 1.6 1.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 483 521 506 3.7 4.0 3.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 39 47 54 1.9 2.5 2.6
Accommodations and food services............. 443 474 452 4.0 4.3 4.0
Other services................................ 129 125 136 2.4 2.3 2.4
Government..................................... 167 140 173 .8 .6 .8
Federal....................................... 12 12 16 .4 .4 .6
State and local............................... 155 128 157 .8 .7 .8
REGION
Northeast..................................... 387 386 381 1.5 1.5 1.5
South......................................... 1,004 1,095 1,048 2.1 2.3 2.2
Midwest....................................... 530 592 578 1.7 1.9 1.8
West.......................................... 593 581 676 2.0 2.0 2.3
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p
Total........................................... 1,522 1,570 1,498 1.1 1.2 1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,381 1,492 1,381 1.2 1.3 1.2
Natural resources and mining.................. 4 4 2 .7 .6 .4
Construction.................................. 166 183 174 2.3 2.5 2.3
Manufacturing................................. 130 142 113 .9 1.0 .8
Durable goods................................ 94 104 71 1.0 1.2 .8
Nondurable goods............................. 36 38 42 .7 .7 .8
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 249 352 284 1.0 1.4 1.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 39 79 35 .7 1.4 .6
Retail trade................................. 146 160 168 1.0 1.1 1.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 63 112 81 1.3 2.3 1.6
Information................................... 16 17 19 .5 .5 .6
Financial activities.......................... 57 56 33 .7 .7 .4
Finance and insurance........................ 30 30 22 .5 .5 .4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 27 26 11 1.3 1.2 .5
Professional and business services............ 302 377 356 1.8 2.2 2.1
Education and health services................. 142 134 134 .8 .8 .8
Educational services......................... 35 33 22 1.4 1.1 .8
Health care and social assistance............ 107 101 112 .8 .7 .8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 278 172 219 2.1 1.3 1.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 44 33 50 2.1 1.7 2.4
Accommodations and food services............. 234 139 169 2.1 1.3 1.5
Other services................................ 37 55 48 .7 1.0 .9
Government..................................... 141 78 116 .7 .4 .5
Federal....................................... 16 7 9 .6 .3 .3
State and local............................... 125 71 107 .7 .4 .6
REGION
Northeast..................................... 391 202 318 1.5 .8 1.2
South......................................... 503 668 541 1.1 1.4 1.1
Midwest....................................... 321 316 333 1.0 1.0 1.1
West.......................................... 308 384 306 1.1 1.3 1.0
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p
Total........................................... 365 258 305 0.3 0.2 0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 276 209 209 .2 .2 .2
Natural resources and mining.................. 3 3 3 .4 .4 .4
Construction.................................. 13 10 15 .2 .1 .2
Manufacturing................................. 31 25 25 .2 .2 .2
Durable goods................................ 21 19 18 .2 .2 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 10 6 8 .2 .1 .1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 73 50 53 .3 .2 .2
Wholesale trade.............................. 13 5 6 .2 .1 .1
Retail trade................................. 45 30 32 .3 .2 .2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 15 15 16 .3 .3 .3
Information................................... 5 3 6 .1 .1 .2
Financial activities.......................... 22 10 12 .3 .1 .1
Finance and insurance........................ 15 8 10 .2 .1 .2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 8 1 1 .4 .1 .1
Professional and business services............ 71 46 33 .4 .3 .2
Education and health services................. 27 24 28 .2 .1 .2
Educational services......................... 3 3 5 .1 .1 .2
Health care and social assistance............ 24 21 23 .2 .1 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 23 33 22 .2 .3 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 2 1 1 .1 .1 (3)
Accommodations and food services............. 20 32 21 .2 .3 .2
Other services................................ 9 5 13 .2 .1 .2
Government..................................... 89 49 96 .4 .2 .4
Federal....................................... 8 7 11 .3 .3 .4
State and local............................... 81 42 85 .4 .2 .4
REGION
Northeast..................................... 83 49 55 .3 .2 .2
South......................................... 117 84 121 .2 .2 .3
Midwest....................................... 90 50 62 .3 .2 .2
West.......................................... 75 76 67 .3 .3 .2
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 Data round to zero.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.