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1 Technical information: (202) 691-5870 http://www.bls.gov/jlt/ Media contact: USDL 07-1381 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Tuesday, September 11, 2007 691-5902 JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: JULY 2007 On the last business day of July, there were 4.2 million job openings in the United States, and the job openings rate was 3.0 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The job openings rate was unchanged in July, while the hires rate and the total separations rate were essentially unchanged. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region. Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted, Percent August 2004 - July 2007 Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted, Percent August 2004 - July 2007 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.3 Hires 3.5 3.1 2.9 3.3 Separations 2.7 3.1 2.5 2.3 2.9 2.1 1.9 2.7 1.7 1.5 2005 2006 2007 2.5 2005 2006 2007 Job Openings In July, the job openings rate remained at 3.0 percent. The rate has been 2.9 or 3.0 percent for the last 7 months. Job openings include only those jobs still open on the last business day of the month. The job openings rate did not change significantly in July in any industry or region. The seasonally adjusted job openings rate was highest in July in professional and business services and in accommodations and food services (4.0 percent each). (See table 1.) Over the year, the job openings rate increased in nondurable goods manufacturing and in professional and business services. The rate decreased in the information industry. The job openings rate increased over the year in the West region. (See table 5.) Hires The hires rate was little changed at 3.5 percent in July. Hires are any additions to the payroll during the month. In July, the hires rate did not change significantly in any industry or region. The seasonally adjusted hires rate was highest in July in accommodations and food services (6.1 percent). (See table 2.) 2 Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted Industry Job openings July June July p 2006 2007 2007 Total 1 ...................................................................... 3,891 Total private 1 ..................................................... 3,404 Construction ................................................. 153 Manufacturing .............................................. 311 Trade, transportation, and utilities 2 ........ 646 Retail trade ............................................... 392 Professional and business services .......... 574 Education and health services ................... 667 Leisure and hospitality 3 ............................ 497 Accommodations and food services . 450 Government 4 .................................................... 485 State and local government ....................... 442 4,280 4,225 3,810 3,749 139 170 344 339 676 660 409 404 763 751 711 714 568 533 497 479 465 475 424 429 Hires Total separations June July July July June July p p 2006 2007 2007 2006 2007 2007 Levels (in thousands) 5,141 4,835 377 377 1,095 767 942 570 851 731 372 299 4,741 4,335 358 355 910 605 865 493 854 736 395 312 4,816 4,453 411 356 919 617 921 500 834 713 392 297 4,643 4,304 438 368 985 680 807 445 817 692 327 269 4,543 4,234 363 382 974 688 728 473 850 730 310 239 4,479 4,135 366 372 990 697 768 396 815 702 326 249 3.4 3.8 5.7 2.6 3.8 4.4 4.6 2.5 6.2 6.2 1.5 1.4 3.3 3.7 4.7 2.7 3.7 4.5 4.1 2.6 6.3 6.3 1.4 1.2 3.2 3.6 4.8 2.6 3.7 4.5 4.3 2.2 6.0 6.0 1.5 1.3 Rates (percent) Total 1 ..................................................................... Total private 1 ..................................................... Construction ................................................. Manufacturing ............................................... Trade, transportation, and utilities 2 ......... Retail trade ............................................... Professional and business services .......... Education and health services ................... Leisure and hospitality 3 ............................ Accommodations and food services .. Government 4 .................................................... State and local government ....................... 2.8 2.9 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.5 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.9 2.2 2.2 3.0 3.2 1.8 2.4 2.5 2.6 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.1 2.0 2.1 3.0 3.1 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.6 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.0 2.1 2.2 3.8 4.2 4.9 2.7 4.2 5.0 5.4 3.2 6.5 6.5 1.7 1.6 3.4 3.7 4.7 2.5 3.4 3.9 4.8 2.7 6.3 6.4 1.8 1.6 3.5 3.8 5.4 2.5 3.5 4.0 5.1 2.7 6.1 6.1 1.8 1.5 1 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 3 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. 4 Includes federal government, not shown separately. p = preliminary. 2 From July 2006 to July 2007, the hires rate rose in federal government. The hires rate fell in retail trade; transportation, warehousing, and utilities; information; finance and insurance; health care and social assistance; and state and local government. The hires rate also fell over the year in the Northeast region. (See table 6.) Separations The total separations, or turnover, rate was essentially unchanged at 3.2 percent in July. Separations are terminations of employment that occur at any time during the month. Over the month, the only industry to experience a significant change in the separations rate was education and health services. None of the regions experienced a significant change in the separations rate. From July 2006 to July 2007, the total separations rate increased in natural resources and mining and in federal government. The total separations rate decreased in information; real estate and rental and leasing; and educational services. Geographically, the total separations rate fell over the year in both the Northeast and Midwest regions. (See tables 3 and 7.) 3 Total separations include quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including retirements). The quits rate, which can serve as a barometer of workers’ ability to change jobs, was unchanged in July, and has been 1.9 percent for 4 months in a row. None of the industries experienced a significant change in the quits rate over the month. Regionally, the quits rate decreased in the Northeast. In July, the seasonally adjusted quits rate was highest in the accommodations and food services industry (4.5 percent). (See table 4.) Over the year, the quits rate rose in natural resources and mining. The quits rate fell over the year in durable goods manufacturing; information; real estate and rental and leasing; and state and local government. Geographically, the quits rate fell over the year in the Northeast region. (See table 8.) The other two components of total separations—layoffs and discharges, and other separations—are not seasonally adjusted. For July, the layoffs and discharges rate (1.1 percent) and level (1.5 million) were unchanged from a year earlier. The layoffs and discharges rate in July was highest in construction (1.8 percent), followed closely by professional and business services (1.7 percent). From July 2006 to July 2007, the other separations level declined to 348,000. (See tables 9 and 10.) The total separations rate is driven by the relative contribution of its three components (quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations), with quits contributing the largest portion. The percentage of total separations attributable to quits has risen and fallen over time along with total nonfarm employment levels. The proportion of total separations due to quits fell from 61 percent in February 2001 to 51 percent in August 2003 (seasonally adjusted), and has since risen. In July 2007, quits accounted for 59 percent of total separations. Flows in the Labor Market Several industries consistently have high rates of both hires and separations. These include construction; retail trade; professional and business services; arts, entertainment, and recreation; and accommodations and food services. In the 12 months ending in July 2007, these 5 industries produced 34.2 million hires and 32.3 million separations. Thus, these five industries accounted for 58 percent of total nonfarm hires and 59 percent of total nonfarm separations while comprising only 39 percent of total nonfarm employment. For More Information For additional information, please read the Technical Note or visit the JOLTS Web site at http://www. bls.gov/jlt/. Additional information about JOLTS also may be obtained by e-mailing Joltsinfo@bls.gov or by calling (202) 691-5870. ______________________________ The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for August 2007 is scheduled to be issued on Wednesday, October 10. Technical Note The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Collection Each month, data are collected in a survey of business establishments for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, and mail. Coverage The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Concepts Industry classification. The industry classifications in this release are in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the industry code, location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment characteristics resulting from the verification process are always introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the first month of the year. Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where they are working. Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for the last business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using other similar methods. Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100. Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and are reported by type of separation— quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other discharges for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term employees, and terminations of seasonal employees. Other separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations do not include transfers within the same location or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and multiplying by 100. Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are released with the January news release each year. The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual estimates will be published only for not seasonally adjusted data. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can be created by summing the monthly estimates. Sample methodology The JOLTS sample design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over eight million establishments compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program. This program includes all employers subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE). The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and size class. Large firms fall into the sample with virtual certainty. JOLTS total employment estimates are controlled to the employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements. Rates are then computed from the adjusted levels. Using JOLTS data The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting data at that time. In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and separations data were revised to address possible underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be comparable with estimates for March 2002 and later. The federal government reorganization that involved transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel Management’s record shows these transfers were completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal government time series. Seasonal adjustment BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. Prior to the January 2007 benchmark release in March 2007, seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series was conducted using the stable seasonal filter option since there were not enough data observations available for the standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters. Although the seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series is conducted with fewer data observations than is customary, the number of observations is now above the minimum required by X-12-ARIMA to use the normal seasonal filters. Therefore, the standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters is now in place for JOLTS seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment now includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. Due to the improved diagnostics, three additional industries are now seasonally adjusted: retail trade, accommodations and food services, and state and local government. It is expected that more series may be seasonally adjusted when more data are available. Reliability of the estimates JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors are available upon request. The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation. JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to exactly explain net changes in nonfarm payroll employment. Some reasons why it is problematic to compare changes in payroll employment with JOLTS hires and separations, especially on a monthly basis, are: 1) the reference period for payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the month, while the reference period for hires and separations is the calendar month; and 2) payroll employment can vary from month to month simply because part-time and on-call workers may not always work during the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Additionally, research has found that some reporters systematically underreport separations relative to hires due to a number of factors, including the nature of their payroll systems and practices. The shortfall appears to be about 2 percent or less over a 12-month period. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. Table 1. Job openings levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted July 2006 Feb. 2007 Levels 3 (in thousands) Mar. Apr. May 2007 2007 2007 June 2007 July 2007p July 2006 Feb. 2007 Mar. 2007 Rates Apr. 2007 May 2007 June 2007 July 2007p Total 4…………………………………………… 3,891 4,149 4,176 4,170 4,095 4,280 4,225 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3,666 229 330 660 378 642 670 566 511 482 438 3,702 152 316 677 375 758 685 574 506 470 430 3,683 154 350 669 389 735 706 512 453 488 439 3,627 157 345 609 337 654 703 571 500 468 424 3,810 139 344 676 409 763 711 568 497 465 424 3,749 170 339 660 404 751 714 533 479 475 429 2.9 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.5 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.9 2.2 2.2 3.1 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.4 3.5 3.6 4.0 4.3 2.1 2.2 3.1 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.4 4.1 3.6 4.1 4.2 2.1 2.2 3.1 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.5 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.8 2.1 2.2 3.0 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.1 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.1 2.1 2.1 3.2 1.8 2.4 2.5 2.6 4.1 3.7 4.0 4.1 2.0 2.1 3.1 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.6 4.0 3.7 3.8 4.0 2.1 2.2 717 1,631 783 1,011 703 1,658 797 1,027 675 1,670 779 1,038 674 1,648 799 970 732 1,635 805 1,106 761 1,594 755 1,112 2.7 3.0 2.2 2.9 2.7 3.2 2.4 3.2 2.7 3.3 2.4 3.2 2.6 3.3 2.4 3.3 2.5 3.2 2.4 3.1 2.8 3.2 2.5 3.5 2.9 3.1 2.3 3.5 Industry and region INDUSTRY Total private 4………………………………… 3,404 Construction………………………………… 153 Manufacturing……………………………… 311 Trade, transportation, and utilities 5……… 646 Retail trade……………………………… 392 Professional and business services……… 574 Education and health services…………… 667 Leisure and hospitality 6………………...… 497 Accommodations and food services…… 450 Government 7………………………………… 485 State and local government…………….… 442 REGION 8 Northeast…………………………………… 717 South…………………………………………1,527 Midwest……………………………………… 723 West………………………………………… 923 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. 2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. p = preliminary. Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted July 2006 Feb. 2007 Levels 3 (in thousands) Mar. Apr. May 2007 2007 2007 June 2007 July 2007p July 2006 Feb. 2007 Mar. 2007 Rates Apr. 2007 May 2007 June 2007 July 2007p Total 4…………………………………………… 5,141 4,815 4,815 4,832 4,982 4,741 4,816 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.5 4,509 298 371 1,018 695 953 518 934 778 379 317 4,416 356 318 1,006 691 881 497 867 726 404 313 4,423 330 350 1,028 706 828 507 903 811 421 333 4,503 351 356 1,044 715 935 507 873 755 409 330 4,335 358 355 910 605 865 493 854 736 395 312 4,453 411 356 919 617 921 500 834 713 392 297 4.2 4.9 2.7 4.2 5.0 5.4 3.2 6.5 6.5 1.7 1.6 3.9 3.9 2.6 3.9 4.5 5.3 2.9 7.0 6.8 1.7 1.6 3.8 4.6 2.3 3.8 4.5 4.9 2.7 6.4 6.3 1.8 1.6 3.8 4.3 2.5 3.9 4.6 4.6 2.8 6.7 7.0 1.9 1.7 3.9 4.6 2.5 3.9 4.6 5.2 2.8 6.5 6.5 1.8 1.7 3.7 4.7 2.5 3.4 3.9 4.8 2.7 6.3 6.4 1.8 1.6 3.8 5.4 2.5 3.5 4.0 5.1 2.7 6.1 6.1 1.8 1.5 709 1,837 1,184 1,156 740 1,835 1,105 1,157 759 1,894 1,069 1,122 705 1,960 1,101 1,143 684 1,842 1,082 1,117 752 1,853 1,048 1,152 3.5 4.0 3.5 4.0 2.8 3.7 3.7 3.8 2.9 3.7 3.5 3.8 2.9 3.8 3.4 3.6 2.7 4.0 3.5 3.7 2.6 3.7 3.4 3.6 2.9 3.7 3.3 3.7 Industry and region INDUSTRY 4 Total private ………………………………… 4,835 Construction………………………………… 377 Manufacturing……………………………… 377 Trade, transportation, and utilities 5……… 1,095 Retail trade……………………………… 767 Professional and business services……… 942 Education and health services…………… 570 Leisure and hospitality 6………………...… 851 Accommodations and food services…… 731 Government 7………………………………… 372 State and local government…………….… 299 REGION 8 Northeast…………………………………… 881 South…………………………………………1,940 Midwest………………………………………1,103 West………………………………………… 1,222 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 2 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 3. Total separations levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted July 2006 Feb. 2007 Levels 3 (in thousands) Mar. Apr. May 2007 2007 2007 June 2007 July 2007p July 2006 Feb. 2007 Mar. 2007 Rates Apr. 2007 May 2007 June 2007 July 2007p Total 4…………………………………………… 4,643 4,556 4,741 4,524 4,544 4,543 4,479 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 4,263 322 422 943 656 862 419 835 697 294 243 4,417 344 400 974 682 876 429 846 702 315 238 4,227 360 380 975 678 805 414 861 720 311 241 4,233 346 396 950 685 775 437 833 715 315 239 4,234 363 382 974 688 728 473 850 730 310 239 4,135 366 372 990 697 768 396 815 702 326 249 3.8 5.7 2.6 3.8 4.4 4.6 2.5 6.2 6.2 1.5 1.4 3.7 4.2 3.0 3.6 4.3 4.8 2.3 6.2 6.1 1.3 1.2 3.8 4.5 2.8 3.7 4.4 4.9 2.4 6.3 6.1 1.4 1.2 3.7 4.7 2.7 3.7 4.4 4.5 2.3 6.4 6.3 1.4 1.2 3.7 4.5 2.8 3.6 4.5 4.3 2.4 6.2 6.2 1.4 1.2 3.7 4.7 2.7 3.7 4.5 4.1 2.6 6.3 6.3 1.4 1.2 3.6 4.8 2.6 3.7 4.5 4.3 2.2 6.0 6.0 1.5 1.3 675 1,763 1,054 1,041 667 1,829 1,006 1,165 640 1,904 981 1,040 642 1,798 1,024 1,062 634 1,699 1,033 1,191 621 1,787 987 1,126 3.1 3.7 3.3 3.4 2.6 3.6 3.3 3.4 2.6 3.7 3.2 3.8 2.5 3.9 3.1 3.4 2.5 3.6 3.2 3.4 2.5 3.4 3.2 3.9 2.4 3.6 3.1 3.7 Industry and region INDUSTRY 4 Total private ………………………………… 4,304 Construction………………………………… 438 Manufacturing……………………………… 368 Trade, transportation, and utilities 5……… 985 Retail trade……………………………… 680 Professional and business services……… 807 Education and health services…………… 445 Leisure and hospitality 6………………...… 817 Accommodations and food services…… 692 Government 7………………………………… 327 State and local government…………….… 269 REGION 8 Northeast…………………………………… 780 South…………………………………………1,810 Midwest………………………………………1,043 West………………………………………… 1,022 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. 2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 4. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted July 2006 Feb. 2007 Levels 3 (in thousands) Mar. Apr. May 2007 2007 2007 June 2007 July 2007p July 2006 Feb. 2007 Mar. 2007 Rates Apr. 2007 May 2007 June 2007 July 2007p Total 4…………………………………………… 2,668 2,705 2,763 2,637 2,686 2,627 2,636 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 2,571 120 212 606 438 486 280 579 531 139 117 2,591 131 216 608 428 461 267 590 539 155 130 2,486 126 199 600 440 418 274 592 542 153 129 2,530 124 216 606 445 424 284 551 503 157 130 2,475 129 195 618 448 411 271 595 540 152 123 2,483 157 180 586 440 444 267 576 526 152 128 2.2 2.2 1.3 2.3 2.9 2.4 1.5 4.1 4.5 .7 .7 2.2 1.6 1.5 2.3 2.9 2.7 1.5 4.3 4.6 .6 .6 2.2 1.7 1.5 2.3 2.8 2.6 1.5 4.4 4.7 .7 .7 2.2 1.6 1.4 2.3 2.9 2.3 1.5 4.4 4.7 .7 .7 2.2 1.6 1.5 2.3 2.9 2.4 1.6 4.1 4.3 .7 .7 2.1 1.7 1.4 2.3 2.9 2.3 1.5 4.4 4.7 .7 .6 2.1 2.1 1.3 2.2 2.9 2.5 1.5 4.2 4.5 .7 .7 322 1,152 599 629 352 1,150 588 665 350 1,163 544 590 331 1,162 551 643 380 1,049 555 648 323 1,130 530 649 1.5 2.3 1.8 2.0 1.3 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.4 2.3 1.9 2.2 1.4 2.4 1.7 1.9 1.3 2.4 1.7 2.1 1.5 2.1 1.7 2.1 1.3 2.3 1.7 2.1 Industry and region INDUSTRY 4 Total private ………………………………… 2,506 Construction………………………………… 168 Manufacturing……………………………… 189 Trade, transportation, and utilities 5……… 600 Retail trade……………………………… 451 Professional and business services……… 423 Education and health services…………… 271 Leisure and hospitality 6………………...… 544 Accommodations and food services…… 502 Government 7………………………………… 163 State and local government…………….… 138 REGION 8 Northeast…………………………………… 387 South…………………………………………1,117 Midwest……………………………………… 559 West………………………………………… 602 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. 4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. 2 5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. 6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately. 7 Includes federal government, not shown separately. 8 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. Table 5. Job openings levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates July 2006 June 2007 July 2007p July 2006 June 2007 July 2007p Total……………………………………………………… 4,046 4,355 4,362 2.9 3.0 3.1 3,838 13 160 353 214 139 670 150 393 127 148 255 201 55 786 718 76 642 569 69 500 165 3,846 12 201 351 222 129 666 128 406 131 126 260 196 63 773 720 70 650 573 67 505 165 3.0 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.7 4.8 2.7 2.8 2.4 3.2 3.7 2.4 3.9 3.8 2.5 4.0 2.8 3.2 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 4.5 2.9 3.1 2.4 4.2 3.8 2.7 4.0 3.9 3.0 4.0 2.9 3.2 1.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.6 2.5 3.9 2.9 3.0 2.7 4.1 3.8 2.6 4.1 3.9 2.9 4.0 2.9 524 46 478 517 38 479 516 50 466 2.5 1.6 2.6 2.3 1.4 2.4 2.4 1.8 2.5 728 1,599 779 939 739 1,632 812 1,172 780 1,633 809 1,140 2.8 3.2 2.4 3.0 2.8 3.2 2.5 3.6 2.9 3.2 2.5 3.6 INDUSTRY Total private…………………………………………… 3,522 13 Natural resources and mining…………………… 174 Construction………………………………………… 324 Manufacturing……………………………………… 218 Durable goods...………………………………… Nondurable goods...…………………………… 106 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………… 656 125 Wholesale trade………………………………… Retail trade……………………………………… 392 138 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities…… 154 Information………………………………………… 234 Financial activities……..…………………………… Finance and insurance………………………… 180 54 Real estate and rental and leasing…………… 590 Professional and business services……………… 673 Education and health services…………………… 63 Educational services…………………………… 610 Health care and social assistance……………… Leisure and hospitality………………...………… 544 Arts, entertainment, and recreation…………… 57 Accommodations and food services…………… 487 159 Other services……………………………………… Government…………………………………………… Federal……………………………………………… State and local…………….……………………… REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………… South………………………………………………… Midwest……………………………………………… West………………………………………………… 1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 6. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates July 2006 June 2007 July 2007p July 2006 June 2007 July 2007p Total……………………………………………………… 5,385 5,702 5,037 4.0 4.1 3.7 5,180 34 461 413 250 163 1,002 184 662 156 85 269 198 72 953 588 87 501 1,110 186 924 265 4,615 24 438 390 208 182 879 149 593 138 76 223 141 83 952 530 89 441 855 126 729 247 4.3 3.1 4.8 2.9 2.7 3.3 4.1 2.7 4.9 3.4 3.4 3.2 2.9 4.2 5.4 3.6 3.2 3.6 6.5 6.2 6.5 3.8 4.4 4.6 5.8 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.8 3.0 4.3 3.1 2.7 3.2 3.1 3.2 5.3 3.2 3.1 3.3 7.8 8.3 7.8 4.8 4.0 3.3 5.5 2.8 2.3 3.5 3.3 2.5 3.9 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.2 3.7 5.3 2.9 3.4 2.9 6.0 5.5 6.1 4.4 407 76 331 522 107 415 422 112 310 2.0 2.8 1.8 2.4 3.9 2.1 2.0 4.1 1.7 973 2,008 1,110 1,294 857 2,164 1,327 1,353 855 1,913 1,034 1,235 3.8 4.1 3.5 4.2 3.3 4.3 4.1 4.3 3.3 3.9 3.3 4.0 INDUSTRY Total private…………………………………………… 4,978 22 Natural resources and mining…………………… 387 Construction………………………………………… 413 Manufacturing……………………………………… 239 Durable goods...………………………………… Nondurable goods...…………………………… 174 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………… 1,085 159 Wholesale trade………………………………… Retail trade……………………………………… 754 171 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities…… 105 Information………………………………………… 273 Financial activities……..…………………………… Finance and insurance………………………… 179 93 Real estate and rental and leasing…………… 966 Professional and business services……………… 623 Education and health services…………………… 82 Educational services…………………………… 541 Health care and social assistance……………… Leisure and hospitality………………...………… 894 Arts, entertainment, and recreation…………… 138 Accommodations and food services…………… 756 210 Other services……………………………………… Government…………………………………………… Federal……………………………………………… State and local…………….……………………… REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………… South………………………………………………… Midwest……………………………………………… West………………………………………………… 1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 7. Total separations levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates July 2006 June 2007 July 2007p July 2006 June 2007 July 2007p Total……………………………………………………… 4,862 4,823 4,666 3.6 3.5 3.4 4,364 20 330 384 239 144 971 172 676 123 81 206 149 57 741 566 121 445 862 88 774 205 4,222 26 341 380 214 166 971 158 676 137 61 207 150 56 825 435 57 377 817 83 734 159 3.8 2.3 4.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.6 2.8 4.2 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.3 4.3 5.0 2.9 3.6 2.7 6.0 4.5 6.2 2.9 3.7 2.7 4.2 2.7 2.7 2.8 3.7 2.8 4.4 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.5 4.1 3.1 4.3 2.9 6.1 3.9 6.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 4.3 2.7 2.4 3.2 3.7 2.6 4.4 2.7 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.5 4.6 2.4 2.1 2.5 5.7 3.6 6.1 2.9 429 70 359 459 91 368 443 95 349 2.1 2.5 2.0 2.1 3.3 1.9 2.1 3.5 1.9 781 1,933 1,095 1,053 690 1,783 1,060 1,290 620 1,899 999 1,148 3.1 4.0 3.5 3.5 2.7 3.6 3.3 4.1 2.4 3.8 3.1 3.7 INDUSTRY Total private…………………………………………… 4,433 16 Natural resources and mining…………………… 386 Construction………………………………………… 384 Manufacturing……………………………………… 241 Durable goods...………………………………… Nondurable goods...…………………………… 143 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………… 956 168 Wholesale trade………………………………… Retail trade……………………………………… 646 142 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities…… 82 Information………………………………………… 241 Financial activities……..…………………………… Finance and insurance………………………… 145 96 Real estate and rental and leasing…………… 886 Professional and business services……………… 502 Education and health services…………………… 92 Educational services…………………………… 410 Health care and social assistance……………… Leisure and hospitality………………...………… 823 Arts, entertainment, and recreation…………… 101 Accommodations and food services…………… 722 158 Other services……………………………………… Government…………………………………………… Federal……………………………………………… State and local…………….……………………… REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………… South………………………………………………… Midwest……………………………………………… West………………………………………………… 1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 8. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates July 2006 June 2007 July 2007p July 2006 June 2007 July 2007p Total……………………………………………………… 2,917 2,843 2,855 2.1 2.0 2.1 2,636 13 140 205 117 88 633 113 450 69 50 131 100 31 423 307 46 261 615 46 569 119 2,661 17 183 202 107 94 591 69 444 78 42 116 91 25 480 290 35 256 636 59 578 103 2.4 1.4 2.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 2.4 1.4 3.0 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.6 2.5 2.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 4.3 2.2 4.8 2.0 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.7 2.4 1.9 2.9 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.7 4.3 2.1 4.8 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 1.4 1.2 1.8 2.2 1.1 2.9 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 2.7 1.6 1.3 1.7 4.5 2.6 4.8 1.9 206 33 173 207 30 176 195 33 162 1.0 1.2 1.0 .9 1.1 .9 .9 1.2 .9 435 1,235 591 657 400 1,127 579 737 357 1,247 541 710 1.7 2.5 1.9 2.2 1.5 2.3 1.8 2.4 1.4 2.5 1.7 2.3 INDUSTRY Total private…………………………………………… 2,711 10 Natural resources and mining…………………… 185 Construction………………………………………… 217 Manufacturing……………………………………… 130 Durable goods...………………………………… Nondurable goods...…………………………… 87 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………… 618 81 Wholesale trade………………………………… Retail trade……………………………………… 456 80 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities…… 61 Information………………………………………… 152 Financial activities……..…………………………… Finance and insurance………………………… 97 55 Real estate and rental and leasing…………… 462 Professional and business services……………… 297 Education and health services…………………… 40 Educational services…………………………… 257 Health care and social assistance……………… Leisure and hospitality………………...………… 601 Arts, entertainment, and recreation…………… 49 Accommodations and food services…………… 553 109 Other services……………………………………… Government…………………………………………… Federal……………………………………………… State and local…………….……………………… REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………… South………………………………………………… Midwest……………………………………………… West………………………………………………… 1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates July 2006 June 2007 July 2007p July 2006 June 2007 July 2007p Total……………………………………………………… 1,531 1,562 1,462 1.1 1.1 1.1 1,430 3 178 134 85 49 246 42 168 36 19 58 40 19 272 218 68 150 226 39 187 74 1,304 6 144 157 94 63 317 78 192 48 13 70 44 25 303 111 17 94 146 21 125 38 1.2 .4 2.2 .9 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9 .5 .7 .4 1.6 2.0 .9 1.9 .7 1.4 2.2 1.3 .7 1.2 .5 2.2 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 .7 1.1 .7 .6 .7 .6 .8 1.5 1.2 2.5 1.0 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.1 .8 1.8 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.2 .9 .4 .8 .7 1.1 1.7 .6 .6 .6 1.0 .9 1.0 .7 149 21 128 132 26 106 158 26 133 .7 .7 .7 .6 1.0 .5 .8 .9 .7 276 553 384 318 217 528 365 452 204 536 368 355 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 .8 1.1 1.1 1.4 .8 1.1 1.2 1.1 INDUSTRY Total private…………………………………………… 1,382 3 Natural resources and mining…………………… 179 Construction………………………………………… 127 Manufacturing……………………………………… 81 Durable goods...………………………………… Nondurable goods...…………………………… 46 Trade, transportation, and utilities……………… 254 58 Wholesale trade………………………………… Retail trade……………………………………… 149 47 Transportation, warehousing, and utilities…… 16 Information………………………………………… 61 Financial activities……..…………………………… Finance and insurance………………………… 25 36 Real estate and rental and leasing…………… 351 Professional and business services……………… 157 Education and health services…………………… 48 Educational services…………………………… 109 Health care and social assistance……………… Leisure and hospitality………………...………… 198 Arts, entertainment, and recreation…………… 50 Accommodations and food services…………… 148 37 Other services……………………………………… Government…………………………………………… Federal……………………………………………… State and local…………….……………………… REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………… South………………………………………………… Midwest……………………………………………… West………………………………………………… 1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2 Table 10. Other separations levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Industry and region Rates July 2006 June 2007 July 2007p July 2006 June 2007 July 2007p 414 419 348 0.3 0.3 0.3 Total private…………………………………………… Natural resources and mining…………………… Construction………………………………………… Manufacturing……………………………………… Durable goods...………………………………… Nondurable goods...…………………………… Trade, transportation, and utilities……………… Wholesale trade………………………………… Retail trade……………………………………… Transportation, warehousing, and utilities…… Information………………………………………… Financial activities……..…………………………… Finance and insurance………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing…………… Professional and business services……………… Education and health services…………………… Educational services…………………………… Health care and social assistance……………… Leisure and hospitality………………...………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation…………… Accommodations and food services…………… Other services……………………………………… 340 3 22 41 30 10 84 28 41 15 5 28 23 6 74 47 3 44 24 2 22 11 298 3 12 44 36 7 92 16 58 18 12 16 9 7 47 41 7 34 21 2 19 11 258 4 14 22 13 9 63 11 40 11 6 21 15 6 42 33 6 28 35 4 31 18 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .2 .3 .5 .3 .3 .2 .3 .4 .3 .4 .3 .1 .3 .2 .1 .2 .2 .3 .4 .2 .3 .4 .1 .3 .3 .4 .4 .4 .2 .1 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .5 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 Government…………………………………………… Federal……………………………………………… State and local…………….……………………… 74 17 58 121 34 86 90 36 54 .4 .6 .3 .5 1.3 .4 .4 1.3 .3 71 145 121 77 73 128 116 101 60 116 90 83 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 .2 .2 .3 .3 Total……………………………………………………… INDUSTRY REGION 3 Northeast…………………………………………… South………………………………………………… Midwest……………………………………………… West………………………………………………… 1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. 3 See footnote 8, table 1. p = preliminary. 2