Full text of July 2005 : Text File, USDL-05-1674
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Technical information: (202) 691-5870 USDL 05-1674
http://www.bls.gov/jlt/
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: 691-5902 Wednesday, September 7, 2005
JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: JULY 2005
The job openings and hires rates were little changed in July, while
the total separations rate decreased to 3.1 percent, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. This release
includes estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and
separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region.
Job Openings
On the last business day of July 2005, there were 3.5 million job
openings in the United States, and the job openings rate was 2.6 percent.
(See table 1.) The job openings rate was little changed in July, but has
generally trended upward since September 2003. In July, the job openings
rate increased in the manufacturing industry and decreased in the leisure
and hospitality industry and in the Northeast region.
Hires and Separations
The hires rate was little changed at 3.4 percent in July. (See table 2.)
Hires are any additions to the payroll during the month. In July, the hires
rate did not change significantly in any industry or region.
The total separations, or turnover, rate decreased from 3.4 to 3.1 per-
cent in July. (See table 3.) Separations are terminations of employment
that occur at any time during the month. In July, the total separations
rate decreased in the professional and business services industry and in
the South region.
Total separations include quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and
discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including
retirements). The quits rate, which can serve as a barometer of workers'
ability to change jobs, was essentially unchanged at 1.8 percent in July.
(See table 4.) The quits rate decreased in the professional and business
services industry and in the West region in July.
The other two components of total separations--layoffs and discharges,
and other separations--are not seasonally adjusted. From July 2004 to July
2005, the layoffs and discharges rate (1.0 percent) and the other separations
rate (0.2 percent) were essentially unchanged. (See tables 9 and 10.)
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Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | July | June | July | July | June | July | July | June | July
| 2004 | 2005 | 2005p| 2004 | 2005 | 2005p| 2004 | 2005 | 2005p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........|3,231 |3,647 |3,545 |4,297 |4,694 |4,545 |4,190 |4,477 |4,132
Total private(1).|2,871 |3,239 |3,167 |4,015 |4,365 |4,237 |3,923 |4,223 |3,864
Construction...| 89 | 104 | 112 | 357 | 393 | 384 | 345 | 380 | 373
Manufacturing..| 238 | 269 | 293 | 340 | 347 | 344 | 363 | 350 | 362
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and| | | | | | | | |
utilities.....| 558 | 624 | 607 | 925 |1,045 | 977 | 979 | 980 | 953
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services......| 615 | 686 | 682 | 725 | 835 | 795 | 683 | 818 | 669
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices.........| 524 | 609 | 605 | 424 | 457 | 440 | 370 | 401 | 396
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality...| 411 | 517 | 424 | 804 | 877 | 819 | 729 | 803 | 720
Government.......| 358 | 394 | 380 | 314 | 337 | 327 | 264 | 254 | 261
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........| 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.1
Total private(1).| 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.5
Construction...| 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.2
Manufacturing..| 1.6 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and| | | | | | | | |
utilities.....| 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services......| 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 4.0
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices.........| 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality...| 3.2 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 5.6
Government.......| 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
Hires and separations data help show dynamic flows in the labor market.
Over the last 12 months, hires have averaged 4.7 million per month and
separations have averaged 4.4 million per month (not seasonally adjusted).
The comparable figures a year earlier were 4.3 million hires and 4.1 mil-
lion separations. (See the Technical Note for additional information on
these measures.)
For More Information
For additional information, please read the Technical Note or visit the
JOLTS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/jlt/. Additional information about
JOLTS also may be obtained by e-mailing Joltsinfo@bls.gov or by calling
(202) 691-5870.
______________________________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for August 2005 is scheduled
to be issued on Wednesday, October 12, 2005.
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Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) are
collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business establishments
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
Each month, data are collected in a survey of business establishments
for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Data collection methods include computer-assisted
telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as
factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local
government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible
quality of data, State Employment Security Agencies verify with employers
and update, if necessary, the industry code, location, and ownership clas-
sification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establish-
ment characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the
first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or re-
ceived pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference
month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried,
and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or
other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses,
unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay or on strike for
the entire pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of tempo-
rary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the establish-
ment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for the
last business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that:
1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that posi-
tion, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable
candidate is found, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside
the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time,
permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in news-
papers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications,
or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or
recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates
more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have been hired
but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors,
or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number
of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
- 4 -
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll occurring
at any time during the reference month, including both new and rehired em-
ployees, full-time and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal em-
ployees, employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more
than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after
having been formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The
hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies
or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The
hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and
multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and are
reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (ex-
cept for retirements, which are reported as other separations). Lay-
offs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the em-
ployer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal layoffs
lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges resulting
from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other discharges
for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term employees, and
terminations of seasonal employees. Other separations include re-
tirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations
due to disability. Separations do not include transfers within the
same location or employees on strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations
by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly, divid-
ing the number by employment and multiplying by 100.
Sample methodology
The JOLTS sample design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm business
establishments, including factories, offices, and stores, as well as
federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states and the District
of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over eight
million establishments compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly
Census of Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program. This program includes
all employers subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal
agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector,
and size class. Large firms fall into the sample with virtual certainty.
JOLTS total employment estimates are controlled to the employment estimates
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS
employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
Rates are then computed from the adjusted levels.
- 5 -
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are rel-
atively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel
enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the original data
series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system
was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The supple-
mental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not
completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those
points are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier
months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting
data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and separations data
were revised to address possible underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires
and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be compar-
able with estimates for March 2002 and later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring approx-
imately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland Security is not
reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal gov-
ernment. The Office of Personnel Management's record shows these transfers
were completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS defi-
nitions of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of
workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorgan-
ization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these intergovern-
mental transfers would distort the federal government time series.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year.
Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes in
the level of the series, particularly those associated with general
economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjust-
ment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are
calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including
the data for the current month.
Data users should note that seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series is
conducted with fewer data observations than is customary. The historical
data, therefore, may be subject to larger than normal revisions. Since the
seasonal patterns in economic data series typically emerge over time, the
standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters to capture these effects
requires longer series than are currently available. As a result, the stable
seasonal filter option is used in the seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS data.
When calculating seasonal factors, this filter takes an average for each cal-
endar month after detrending the series. The stable seasonal filter assumes
that the seasonal factors are fixed; a necessary assumption until sufficient
data are available. When the stable seasonal filter is no longer needed,
other program features also may be introduced, such as outlier adjustment
and extended diagnostic testing. Additionally, it is expected that more
series, such as layoffs and discharges and additional industries, may be
seasonally adjusted when more data are available.
- 6 -
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a
chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population
values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is
a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true"
population value because of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors
are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling
error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a seg-
ment of the population, the inability to obtain data from all units in the
sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection
or processing of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark data
used in estimation.
JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to exactly ex-
plain net changes in nonfarm payroll employment. Some reasons why it is
problematic to compare changes in payroll employment with JOLTS hires and
separations, especially on a monthly basis, are: 1) the reference period
for payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the month,
while the reference period for hires and separations is the calendar month;
and 2) payroll employment can vary from month to month simply because part-
time and on-call workers may not always work during the pay period that in-
cludes the 12th of the month. Additionally, research has found that some
reporters systematically underreport separations relative to hires due to a
number of factors, including the nature of their payroll systems and prac-
tices. The shortfall appears to be about 2 percent or less over a 12-month
period.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p
Total(4)............................... 3,231 3,569 3,598 3,576 3,416 3,647 3,545 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.6
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 2,871 3,160 3,212 3,178 3,050 3,239 3,167 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7
Construction......................... 89 133 170 113 107 104 112 1.3 1.8 2.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5
Manufacturing........................ 238 252 258 259 240 269 293 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 558 668 624 627 597 624 607 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3
Professional and business services... 615 607 646 691 659 686 682 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9
Education and health services........ 524 602 616 608 611 609 605 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4
Leisure and hospitality.............. 411 447 440 457 440 517 424 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.9 3.2
Government............................ 358 404 383 396 378 394 380 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7
REGION
Northeast............................ 535 606 615 602 563 634 582 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.2
South................................ 1,291 1,399 1,447 1,414 1,303 1,333 1,331 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.7
Midwest.............................. 656 745 737 742 786 781 775 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4
West................................. 719 823 806 818 799 869 821 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.7
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p
Total(4)............................... 4,297 4,760 4,841 4,538 4,740 4,694 4,545 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 4,015 4,430 4,497 4,212 4,398 4,365 4,237 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8
Construction......................... 357 430 414 412 420 393 384 5.1 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.4 5.3
Manufacturing........................ 340 336 334 319 342 347 344 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 925 1,055 1,047 1,042 1,030 1,045 977 3.6 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.8
Professional and business services... 725 853 895 792 887 835 795 4.4 5.1 5.3 4.7 5.3 4.9 4.7
Education and health services........ 424 500 472 487 466 457 440 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5
Leisure and hospitality.............. 804 771 798 742 750 877 819 6.4 6.1 6.3 5.8 5.9 6.9 6.4
Government............................ 314 329 336 329 339 337 327 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5
REGION
Northeast............................ 748 820 856 825 764 794 767 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.0
South................................ 1,678 1,867 1,922 1,701 1,816 1,786 1,673 3.6 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.5
Midwest.............................. 931 1,081 1,034 1,020 1,129 1,054 1,018 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.2
West................................. 872 1,069 1,036 1,037 1,048 1,070 1,035 3.0 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p
Total(4)............................... 4,190 4,295 4,502 4,562 4,504 4,477 4,132 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 3,923 4,035 4,237 4,306 4,256 4,223 3,864 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.5
Construction......................... 345 403 303 421 408 380 373 5.0 5.7 4.2 5.8 5.6 5.3 5.2
Manufacturing........................ 363 341 360 369 369 350 362 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 979 940 980 1,018 989 980 953 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7
Professional and business services... 683 772 924 869 851 818 669 4.2 4.6 5.5 5.2 5.1 4.8 4.0
Education and health services........ 370 389 445 433 405 401 396 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3
Leisure and hospitality.............. 729 790 743 709 750 803 720 5.8 6.3 5.9 5.6 5.9 6.3 5.6
Government............................ 264 260 267 256 254 254 261 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
REGION
Northeast............................ 748 732 802 807 714 761 709 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.2 2.8 3.0 2.8
South................................ 1,578 1,647 1,763 1,766 1,743 1,653 1,500 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.2
Midwest.............................. 966 937 1,051 982 976 946 982 3.1 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1
West................................. 934 961 926 1,006 1,034 1,062 976 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.3
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July July Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July
2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005p
Total(4)............................... 2,340 2,307 2,516 2,520 2,514 2,475 2,404 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 2,215 2,192 2,383 2,395 2,391 2,348 2,278 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0
Construction......................... 104 139 150 146 168 139 144 1.5 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.3 1.9 2.0
Manufacturing........................ 179 181 186 178 183 190 191 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 561 512 583 577 589 588 567 2.2 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2
Professional and business services... 365 410 424 417 420 386 314 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3 1.9
Education and health services........ 269 259 280 272 249 256 276 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6
Leisure and hospitality.............. 449 474 458 506 488 510 505 3.6 3.8 3.6 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.9
Government............................ 127 117 124 125 123 124 127 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6
REGION
Northeast............................ 345 340 410 446 373 350 368 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.4
South................................ 945 914 1,003 992 1,020 960 929 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.0
Midwest.............................. 534 509 561 540 554 542 529 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7
West................................. 514 550 562 573 562 653 581 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.0
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p
Total........................................... 3,442 3,813 3,766 2.6 2.8 2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,053 3,363 3,358 2.7 2.9 2.9
Natural resources and mining.................. 10 12 12 1.7 1.8 1.9
Construction.................................. 103 120 132 1.4 1.6 1.7
Manufacturing................................. 255 284 317 1.7 1.9 2.2
Durable goods................................ 151 184 205 1.7 2.0 2.2
Nondurable goods............................. 104 100 111 1.9 1.8 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 575 618 621 2.2 2.3 2.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 129 116 128 2.2 2.0 2.2
Retail trade................................. 356 380 384 2.3 2.4 2.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 89 122 109 1.8 2.4 2.2
Information................................... 87 85 77 2.7 2.6 2.4
Financial activities.......................... 200 235 225 2.4 2.8 2.6
Finance and insurance........................ 160 189 181 2.6 3.0 2.9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 39 45 43 1.8 2.0 1.9
Professional and business services............ 660 745 731 3.8 4.2 4.1
Education and health services................. 544 623 629 3.2 3.5 3.6
Educational services......................... 48 63 63 1.9 2.3 2.4
Health care and social assistance............ 496 560 566 3.4 3.7 3.8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 469 515 476 3.5 3.7 3.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 45 76 73 2.1 3.5 3.3
Accommodations and food services............. 424 438 403 3.7 3.7 3.4
Other services................................ 151 126 139 2.7 2.2 2.4
Government..................................... 388 451 408 1.9 2.0 1.9
Federal....................................... 41 52 46 1.5 1.8 1.7
State and local............................... 348 399 362 1.9 2.1 2.0
REGION
Northeast..................................... 554 665 598 2.2 2.5 2.3
South......................................... 1,411 1,401 1,457 2.9 2.8 3.0
Midwest....................................... 696 805 822 2.2 2.5 2.6
West.......................................... 780 943 890 2.6 3.1 2.9
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p
Total........................................... 4,512 5,702 4,713 3.4 4.2 3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,160 5,270 4,349 3.7 4.7 3.9
Natural resources and mining.................. 20 29 18 3.3 4.5 2.8
Construction.................................. 379 516 401 5.2 6.9 5.3
Manufacturing................................. 371 399 373 2.6 2.8 2.6
Durable goods................................ 227 272 216 2.5 3.0 2.4
Nondurable goods............................. 144 126 157 2.6 2.4 2.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 907 1,150 945 3.6 4.4 3.6
Wholesale trade.............................. 131 174 132 2.3 3.0 2.3
Retail trade................................. 640 801 679 4.3 5.3 4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 137 175 134 2.9 3.5 2.7
Information................................... 64 82 59 2.0 2.6 1.9
Financial activities.......................... 195 202 173 2.4 2.4 2.1
Finance and insurance........................ 94 121 116 1.6 2.0 1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 101 80 57 4.8 3.7 2.6
Professional and business services............ 746 928 806 4.5 5.4 4.7
Education and health services................. 459 549 471 2.8 3.2 2.8
Educational services......................... 59 61 72 2.4 2.3 2.9
Health care and social assistance............ 400 488 399 2.8 3.4 2.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 842 1,136 867 6.4 8.5 6.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 147 210 119 6.9 10.1 5.6
Accommodations and food services............. 695 925 748 6.3 8.2 6.6
Other services................................ 177 280 236 3.2 5.1 4.3
Government..................................... 352 432 364 1.7 2.0 1.8
Federal....................................... 41 50 35 1.5 1.8 1.3
State and local............................... 311 382 329 1.8 2.0 1.8
REGION
Northeast..................................... 829 1,059 844 3.3 4.1 3.3
South......................................... 1,817 2,081 1,759 3.9 4.3 3.7
Midwest....................................... 917 1,268 994 3.0 4.0 3.2
West.......................................... 949 1,294 1,116 3.3 4.4 3.8
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p
Total........................................... 4,421 4,675 4,338 3.4 3.5 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,094 4,291 4,014 3.7 3.8 3.6
Natural resources and mining.................. 16 15 13 2.7 2.4 2.1
Construction.................................. 304 365 320 4.2 4.9 4.2
Manufacturing................................. 384 355 387 2.7 2.5 2.7
Durable goods................................ 250 219 242 2.8 2.4 2.7
Nondurable goods............................. 134 135 146 2.5 2.5 2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 987 960 954 3.9 3.7 3.7
Wholesale trade.............................. 155 119 131 2.7 2.1 2.3
Retail trade................................. 667 646 691 4.4 4.3 4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 166 194 132 3.4 3.9 2.7
Information................................... 57 71 75 1.8 2.2 2.4
Financial activities.......................... 181 192 160 2.2 2.3 1.9
Finance and insurance........................ 104 133 116 1.7 2.2 1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 77 59 43 3.6 2.7 2.0
Professional and business services............ 772 847 749 4.7 5.0 4.4
Education and health services................. 417 469 443 2.5 2.7 2.6
Educational services......................... 57 76 61 2.3 2.9 2.4
Health care and social assistance............ 360 393 382 2.5 2.7 2.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 763 823 726 5.8 6.2 5.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 94 110 69 4.4 5.3 3.2
Accommodations and food services............. 669 713 657 6.1 6.3 5.8
Other services................................ 213 194 186 3.9 3.5 3.4
Government..................................... 327 383 325 1.6 1.8 1.6
Federal....................................... 30 38 34 1.1 1.4 1.2
State and local............................... 297 345 291 1.7 1.8 1.6
REGION
Northeast..................................... 738 854 689 2.9 3.3 2.7
South......................................... 1,731 1,706 1,636 3.7 3.6 3.4
Midwest....................................... 954 1,020 976 3.1 3.2 3.1
West.......................................... 998 1,094 1,037 3.5 3.7 3.5
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p
Total........................................... 2,602 2,682 2,655 2.0 2.0 2.0
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,450 2,512 2,503 2.2 2.2 2.2
Natural resources and mining.................. 10 9 10 1.7 1.5 1.5
Construction.................................. 131 168 170 1.8 2.2 2.3
Manufacturing................................. 212 202 229 1.5 1.4 1.6
Durable goods................................ 137 129 137 1.5 1.4 1.5
Nondurable goods............................. 75 72 92 1.4 1.4 1.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 585 591 589 2.3 2.3 2.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 93 77 79 1.6 1.3 1.4
Retail trade................................. 409 423 441 2.7 2.8 2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 82 90 69 1.7 1.8 1.4
Information................................... 40 48 43 1.3 1.5 1.3
Financial activities.......................... 129 148 99 1.6 1.8 1.2
Finance and insurance........................ 66 100 71 1.1 1.6 1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 63 48 27 3.0 2.2 1.2
Professional and business services............ 425 407 359 2.6 2.4 2.1
Education and health services................. 290 283 303 1.7 1.7 1.8
Educational services......................... 32 39 34 1.3 1.5 1.3
Health care and social assistance............ 258 244 270 1.8 1.7 1.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 503 519 567 3.8 3.9 4.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 44 58 48 2.1 2.8 2.3
Accommodations and food services............. 459 461 519 4.2 4.1 4.6
Other services................................ 125 137 135 2.3 2.5 2.4
Government..................................... 152 170 152 .7 .8 .7
Federal....................................... 11 14 14 .4 .5 .5
State and local............................... 141 156 138 .8 .8 .8
REGION
Northeast..................................... 376 382 400 1.5 1.5 1.6
South......................................... 1,097 1,028 1,065 2.4 2.1 2.2
Midwest....................................... 560 583 551 1.8 1.8 1.8
West.......................................... 569 689 640 2.0 2.3 2.2
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p
Total........................................... 1,473 1,648 1,380 1.1 1.2 1.0
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,367 1,529 1,274 1.2 1.4 1.1
Natural resources and mining.................. 4 2 3 .7 .4 .4
Construction.................................. 161 182 143 2.2 2.4 1.9
Manufacturing................................. 145 129 124 1.0 .9 .9
Durable goods................................ 94 73 82 1.0 .8 .9
Nondurable goods............................. 51 56 42 .9 1.0 .8
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 326 302 302 1.3 1.2 1.2
Wholesale trade.............................. 54 34 45 .9 .6 .8
Retail trade................................. 208 182 207 1.4 1.2 1.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 64 86 50 1.3 1.7 1.0
Information................................... 13 16 22 .4 .5 .7
Financial activities.......................... 32 34 41 .4 .4 .5
Finance and insurance........................ 23 23 27 .4 .4 .4
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 9 11 15 .4 .5 .7
Professional and business services............ 283 395 348 1.7 2.3 2.0
Education and health services................. 106 150 107 .6 .9 .6
Educational services......................... 23 32 22 .9 1.2 .9
Health care and social assistance............ 83 117 85 .6 .8 .6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 238 275 139 1.8 2.1 1.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 46 51 19 2.2 2.5 .9
Accommodations and food services............. 192 224 120 1.7 2.0 1.1
Other services................................ 59 44 45 1.1 .8 .8
Government..................................... 106 119 106 .5 .5 .5
Federal....................................... 5 10 9 .2 .4 .3
State and local............................... 101 108 96 .6 .6 .5
REGION
Northeast..................................... 285 386 240 1.1 1.5 .9
South......................................... 518 559 460 1.1 1.2 1.0
Midwest....................................... 323 374 343 1.0 1.2 1.1
West.......................................... 347 329 338 1.2 1.1 1.2
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region July June July July June July
2004 2005 2005p 2004 2005 2005p
Total........................................... 346 344 303 0.3 0.3 0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 277 250 236 .2 .2 .2
Natural resources and mining.................. 1 3 1 .2 .5 .2
Construction.................................. 12 15 7 .2 .2 .1
Manufacturing................................. 27 24 34 .2 .2 .2
Durable goods................................ 19 17 22 .2 .2 .3
Nondurable goods............................. 8 7 12 .1 .1 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 76 66 63 .3 .3 .2
Wholesale trade.............................. 8 8 7 .1 .1 .1
Retail trade................................. 49 41 43 .3 .3 .3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 19 18 12 .4 .4 .2
Information................................... 3 7 11 .1 .2 .3
Financial activities.......................... 21 10 20 .3 .1 .2
Finance and insurance........................ 15 10 18 .3 .2 .3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 6 1 2 .3 (3) .1
Professional and business services............ 65 46 42 .4 .3 .2
Education and health services................. 22 35 32 .1 .2 .2
Educational services......................... 2 4 5 .1 .2 .2
Health care and social assistance............ 20 31 27 .1 .2 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 22 29 20 .2 .2 .1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 3 1 2 .2 .1 .1
Accommodations and food services............. 18 28 18 .2 .2 .2
Other services................................ 28 14 7 .5 .2 .1
Government..................................... 69 94 67 .3 .4 .3
Federal....................................... 14 14 10 .5 .5 .4
State and local............................... 55 81 56 .3 .4 .3
REGION
Northeast..................................... 76 85 50 .3 .3 .2
South......................................... 116 120 112 .3 .3 .2
Midwest....................................... 71 63 83 .2 .2 .3
West.......................................... 83 76 58 .3 .3 .2
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 Data round to zero.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 1.