Full text of January 2007 : Text File, USDL-07-0373
The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 USDL 07-0373
http://www.bls.gov/jlt/
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: 691-5902 Tuesday, March 13, 2007
JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: JANUARY 2007
The job openings, hires, and total separations rates were unchanged in
January, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor
reported today. Despite little month-to-month change in the hires and
separations rates, there continues to be considerable churning in the la-
bor market with large numbers of hires and separations every month. This
release includes monthly estimates of the number and rate of job openings,
hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and geo-
graphic region. This release also includes annual estimates for hires
and separations. The annual hires rate rose slightly in 2006 while the
turnover, or separations, rate held steady.
Job Openings
On the last business day of January 2007, there were 4.4 million job
openings in the United States, and the job openings rate was 3.1 percent.
The job openings rate was little changed during the first half of 2006 but
trended upward in the latter part of the year. At 3.1 percent for December
and January, the job openings rate was the highest since February 2001. In
January, the job openings rate rose in construction but fell in retail trade,
leisure and hospitality, and accommodations and food services. Geographically,
the job openings rate increased in the West and decreased in the Northeast over
the month. The seasonally adjusted job openings rate was highest in January
for the following industries: professional and business services and accommod-
ations and food services (4.1 percent each) and education and health services
(3.9 percent). (See table 1.)
For the year ending in January 2007, the job openings rate increased in
nearly half the industries and decreased only in finance and insurance and
in real estate and rental and leasing. The job openings rate rose over the
year in the Midwest and West regions. (See table 5.)
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| |
| Revisions to the JOLTS Data |
| |
| The job openings, hires, and separations data in this release |
| have been revised to incorporate annual updates to the Current |
| Employment Statistics employment estimates and the Job Openings |
| and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) seasonal adjustment factors. |
| See page 5 for more information. |
| |
----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2 -
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan.
| 2006 | 2006 | 2007p| 2006 | 2006 | 2007p| 2006 | 2006 | 2007p
--------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total (1)...........|3,950 |4,401 |4,372 |4,876 |4,959 |4,984 |4,478 |4,540 |4,549
| | | | | | | | |
Total private (1).|3,538 |3,928 |3,892 |4,546 |4,662 |4,637 |4,180 |4,253 |4,242
Construction....| 121 | 107 | 164 | 422 | 341 | 286 | 366 | 387 | 403
Manufacturing...| 312 | 362 | 353 | 374 | 375 | 376 | 356 | 372 | 401
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities (2)..| 647 | 767 | 746 |1,161 | 990 | 992 | 955 | 962 | 969
Retail Trade...| 411 | 471 | 419 | 828 | 699 | 733 | 682 | 707 | 672
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 763 | 745 | 764 | 916 | 963 | 962 | 831 | 851 | 872
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices..........| 621 | 734 | 732 | 435 | 515 | 508 | 372 | 430 | 416
Leisure and hos-| | | | | | | | |
pitality (3)...| 517 | 612 | 550 | 792 | 969 | 983 | 897 | 835 | 772
Accommodations | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services......| 453 | 538 | 485 | 687 | 793 | 849 | 792 | 757 | 623
Government (4)....| 410 | 473 | 476 | 359 | 371 | 382 | 297 | 283 | 310
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government.....| 373 | 427 | 435 | 311 | 313 | 318 | 249 | 255 | 257
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total (1)...........| 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3
| | | | | | | | |
Total private (1).| 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7
Construction....| 1.6 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 5.2
Manufacturing...| 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.8
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities (2)..| 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7
Retail Trade...| 2.6 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.4
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices..........| 3.4 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.3
Leisure and hos-| | | | | | | | |
pitality (3)...| 3.8 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 5.8
Accommodations | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services..... | 3.9 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 5.5
Government (4)....| 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government ....| 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes arts, entertainment and recreation, not shown separately.
4 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment
factors.
- 3 -
Hires
The hires rate was unchanged at 3.6 percent, and the number of hires
held steady at 5.0 million in January. Hires are any additions to the
payroll during the month. In January, the hires rate did not change sig-
nificantly in any industry or region. The seasonally adjusted hires rate
was highest in January for the accommodations and food services industry
(7.4 percent). (See table 2.)
From January 2006 to January 2007, the hires rate rose in wholesale
trade; information; healthcare and social assistance; accommodations and
food services; and federal government. The rate declined in construction
and in transportation, warehousing and utilities. Regionally, the hires
rate changed over the year only in the Midwest region where it rose.
(See table 6.)
Separations
The total separations, or turnover, rate was unchanged at 3.3 percent
and the number of separations held steady at 4.5 million in January.
Separations are terminations of employment that occur at any time during
the month. In January, the total separations rate increased in government
but decreased in accommodations and food services. Geographically, there
were no significant movements in the separations rate over the month. From
January 2006 to January 2007, the total separations rate rose in durable
goods and in arts, entertainment, and recreation but fell in accommodations
and food services. The separations rate did not change significantly in
any region over the year. (See tables 3 and 7.)
Total separations include quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and
discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including
retirements). The quits rate, which can serve as a barometer of workers'
ability to change jobs, was essentially unchanged at 1.9 percent in Jan-
uary. Over the month, the only industry to experience a change in the
quits rate was accommodations and food services, in which the rate de-
clined. None of the regions experienced a significant change in the quits
rate. In January, the seasonally adjusted quits rate was highest in the
accommodations and food services industry (4.2 percent), which also had
the highest hires rate. (See table 4.)
From January 2006 to January 2007, the quits rate rose in durable goods
manufacturing; nondurable goods manufacturing; and professional and busi-
ness services. The rate declined in accommodations and food services.
The quits rate did not change significantly in any region over the year.
(See table 8.)
The other two components of total separations--layoffs and discharges,
and other separations--are not seasonally adjusted. From January 2006 to
January 2007, the layoffs and discharges rate (1.2 percent) was unchanged,
and the level (1.7 million) was little changed. The construction industry
had the highest layoffs and discharges rate (4.3 percent). From January
2006 to January 2007, the other separations rate (0.3 percent) was unchanged,
and the level (389,000) was little changed. (See tables 9 and 10.)
Flows in the Labor Market
Hires and separations data help show dynamic flows in the labor market.
Over the last 12 months, hires have averaged 5.0 million per month and
separations have averaged 4.6 million per month (not seasonally adjusted).
The comparable figures for the prior 12-month period were 4.8 million hires
and 4.5 million separations. (See the Technical Note for additional
information on these measures.)
Several industries have high rates of both hires and separations. These
include construction; retail trade; professional and business services; arts,
entertainment, and recreation; and accommodations and food services. In the
last 12 months, these five industries produced 35.1 million hires and 32.9
million separations. Thus, these five industries accounted for 59 percent
of total nonfarm hires and 59 percent of total nonfarm separations, while
comprising only 39 percent of total nonfarm employment.
- 4 -
Annual Levels and Rates
This release contains the 2006 annual rates and levels for hires, total
separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. (See
tables 11 through 20.) Annual figures for job openings are not calculated
because job openings are measured on a stock, or point-in-time, basis rather
than on a flow basis over a specified time period. The annual figures and
additional tables are published with the release of January data each year.
(See the Technical Note for additional information on these measures.)
Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons across
years. Annual hires rose for the third year in a row, reaching 59.4 million
(43.6 percent) in 2006 after weaker hiring in 2002 and 2003. Total separa-
tions remained flat in 2006 at 55.4 million (40.7 percent) after rising in
the prior 2 years. Quits increased for the third year in a row, reaching
32.3 million (23.7 percent) in 2006. In contrast, layoffs and discharges
fell to 18.9 million (13.9 percent) after staying relatively flat over the
past several years. Other separations rose sharply to 4.2 million (3.1 per-
cent) in 2006 after little change from 2001 through 2005.
For More Information
For additional information, please read the Technical Note or visit the
JOLTS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/jlt/. Additional information about
JOLTS also may be obtained by e-mailing Joltsinfo@bls.gov or by calling
(202) 691-5870.
______________________________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for February 2007 is
scheduled to be issued on Tuesday, April 10.
- 5 -
Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data
In accordance with annual practice, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover
Survey (JOLTS) data have been revised to reflect annual updates to the
Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment survey, employment
estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-adjusted
to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all
JOLTS data elements. This annual benchmark process resulted in revisions
to all not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data series from April 2005 forward,
the time period since the last benchmark was established. Additionally,
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS data series have been recalculated from
December 2000 forward to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Table B presents revisions to seasonally adjusted total nonfarm job
openings data for April 2005 forward, while table C presents revisions to
hires data, table D presents revisions to total separations data, and table
E presents revisions to quits data.
LABSTAT, the BLS public database on the Internet, contains all revised
historical seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data. The
data can be accessed through the JOLTS homepage at http://www.bls.gov/jlt/.
Further information on the revisions released today may be obtained by
calling (202) 691-5870 or via the Internet on the JOLTS homepage.
Table B. Revisions in job openings data, April 2005-December 2006, seasonally
adjusted
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2005 | | | | | |
April.....| 3,589 | 3,588 | -1 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.0
May.......| 3,364 | 3,485 | 121 | 2.5 | 2.5 | .0
June......| 3,598 | 3,635 | 37 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .0
July......| 3,580 | 3,644 | 64 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .0
August....| 3,697 | 3,631 | -66 | 2.7 | 2.6 | -.1
September.| 3,728 | 3,729 | 1 | 2.7 | 2.7 | .0
October...| 3,867 | 3,904 | 37 | 2.8 | 2.8 | .0
November..| 4,031 | 4,021 | -10 | 2.9 | 2.9 | .0
December..| 3,941 | 3,880 | -61 | 2.8 | 2.8 | .0
| | | | | |
2006 | | | | | |
January...| 3,981 | 3,950 | -31 | 2.9 | 2.8 | -.1
February..| 3,994 | 3,972 | -22 | 2.9 | 2.8 | -.1
March.....| 4,089 | 3,999 | -90 | 2.9 | 2.9 | .0
April.....| 4,070 | 3,999 | -71 | 2.9 | 2.9 | .0
May.......| 3,945 | 4,037 | 92 | 2.8 | 2.9 | .1
June......| 3,960 | 3,995 | 35 | 2.8 | 2.9 | .1
July......| 3,844 | 3,891 | 47 | 2.8 | 2.8 | .0
August....| 4,061 | 4,188 | 127 | 2.9 | 3.0 | .1
September.| 4,154 | 4,177 | 23 | 3.0 | 3.0 | .0
October...| 4,248 | 4,157 | -91 | 3.0 | 3.0 | .0
November..| 4,288 | 4,200 | -88 | 3.1 | 3.0 | -.1
December..| 4,433 | 4,401 | -32 | 3.2 | 3.1 | -.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 6 -
Table C. Revisions in hires data, April 2005-December 2006, seasonally adjusted
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2005 | | | | | |
April.....| 4,574 | 4,661 | 87 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 0.1
May.......| 4,778 | 4,850 | 72 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
June......| 4,807 | 4,803 | -4 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
July......| 4,727 | 4,645 | -82 | 3.5 | 3.5 | .0
August....| 4,824 | 4,927 | 103 | 3.6 | 3.7 | .1
September.| 4,748 | 4,876 | 128 | 3.5 | 3.6 | .1
October...| 4,822 | 4,874 | 52 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
November..| 4,813 | 4,808 | -5 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
December..| 4,694 | 4,697 | 3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | .0
| | | | | |
2006 | | | | | |
January...| 4,941 | 4,876 | -65 | 3.7 | 3.6 | -.1
February..| 4,954 | 4,955 | 1 | 3.7 | 3.7 | .0
March.....| 4,884 | 4,877 | -7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
April.....| 4,649 | 4,741 | 92 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1
May.......| 4,949 | 5,068 | 119 | 3.7 | 3.7 | .0
June......| 4,899 | 4,986 | 87 | 3.6 | 3.7 | .1
July......| 4,995 | 5,141 | 146 | 3.7 | 3.8 | .1
August....| 4,831 | 4,912 | 81 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
September.| 4,803 | 4,917 | 114 | 3.5 | 3.6 | .1
October...| 4,988 | 4,983 | -5 | 3.7 | 3.6 | -.1
November..| 5,042 | 4,994 | -48 | 3.7 | 3.6 | -.1
December..| 4,889 | 4,959 | 70 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 7 -
Table D. Revisions in total separations data, April 2005-December 2006, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |-----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2005 | | | | | |
April.....| 4,614 | 4,602 | -12 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 0.0
May.......| 4,543 | 4,531 | -12 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0
June......| 4,590 | 4,527 | -63 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0
July......| 4,464 | 4,457 | -7 | 3.3 | 3.3 | .0
August....| 4,633 | 4,626 | -7 | 3.5 | 3.4 | -.1
September.| 4,798 | 4,825 | 27 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
October...| 4,359 | 4,392 | 33 | 3.3 | 3.3 | .0
November..| 4,476 | 4,441 | -35 | 3.3 | 3.3 | .0
December..| 4,359 | 4,490 | 131 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
| | | | | |
2006 | | | | | |
January...| 4,285 | 4,478 | 193 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
February..| 4,531 | 4,601 | 70 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0
March.....| 4,681 | 4,846 | 165 | 3.5 | 3.6 | .1
April.....| 4,495 | 4,405 | -90 | 3.3 | 3.2 | -.1
May.......| 4,811 | 4,953 | 142 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
June......| 4,631 | 4,654 | 23 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0
July......| 4,479 | 4,643 | 164 | 3.3 | 3.4 | .1
August....| 4,386 | 4,463 | 77 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
September.| 4,380 | 4,470 | 90 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
October...| 4,524 | 4,613 | 89 | 3.3 | 3.4 | .1
November..| 4,699 | 4,844 | 145 | 3.5 | 3.5 | .0
December..| 4,521 | 4,540 | 19 | 3.3 | 3.3 | .0
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 8 -
Table E. Revisions in quits data, April 2005-December 2006, seasonally adjusted
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2005 | | | | | |
April.....| 2,586 | 2,581 | -5 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 0.0
May.......| 2,534 | 2,509 | -25 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
June......| 2,541 | 2,496 | -45 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
July......| 2,511 | 2,524 | 13 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
August....| 2,651 | 2,646 | -5 | 2.0 | 2.0 | .0
September.| 2,681 | 2,780 | 99 | 2.0 | 2.1 | .1
October...| 2,619 | 2,605 | -14 | 2.0 | 1.9 | -.1
November..| 2,683 | 2,622 | -61 | 2.0 | 1.9 | -.1
December..| 2,567 | 2,571 | 4 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
| | | | | |
2006 | | | | | |
January...| 2,577 | 2,656 | 79 | 1.9 | 2.0 | .1
February..| 2,663 | 2,687 | 24 | 2.0 | 2.0 | .0
March.....| 2,763 | 2,797 | 34 | 2.0 | 2.1 | .1
April.....| 2,541 | 2,530 | -11 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
May.......| 2,723 | 2,785 | 62 | 2.0 | 2.0 | .0
June......| 2,699 | 2,748 | 49 | 2.0 | 2.0 | .0
July......| 2,623 | 2,668 | 45 | 1.9 | 2.0 | .1
August....| 2,597 | 2,692 | 95 | 1.9 | 2.0 | .1
September.| 2,473 | 2,566 | 93 | 1.8 | 1.9 | .1
October...| 2,606 | 2,655 | 49 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
November..| 2,794 | 2,774 | -20 | 2.1 | 2.0 | -.1
December..| 2,681 | 2,759 | 78 | 2.0 | 2.0 | .0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 9 -
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) are
collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business establishments
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
Each month, data are collected in a survey of business establishments
for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Data collection methods include computer-assisted
telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as
factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local
government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible
quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and update,
if necessary, the industry code, location, and ownership classification of
all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment characteris-
tics resulting from the verification process are always introduced into the
JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or re-
ceived pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference
month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried,
and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or
other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses,
unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay or on strike for
the entire pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of tempo-
rary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the establish-
ment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for the
last business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that:
1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that posi-
tion, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable
candidate is found, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside
the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time,
permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in news-
papers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications,
or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or
recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates
more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have been hired
but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors,
or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number
of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
- 10 -
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll occurring
at any time during the reference month, including both new and rehired em-
ployees, full-time and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal em-
ployees, employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more
than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after
having been formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The
hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies
or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The
hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and
multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and are
reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (ex-
cept for retirements, which are reported as other separations). Lay-
offs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the em-
ployer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal layoffs
lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges resulting
from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other discharges
for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term employees, and
terminations of seasonal employees. Other separations include re-
tirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations
due to disability. Separations do not include transfers within the
same location or employees on strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations
by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly, divid-
ing the number by employment and multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires, quits,
layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are released
with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges,
other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 12 published
monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by dividing the an-
nual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average employ-
ment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be ap-
proximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the
JOLTS and CES annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the
annual estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual es-
timates will be published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last business
day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are
counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be cumulated throughout
each month, annual figures for job openings cannot be created by summing
the monthly estimates. Hires and separations are flow measures and are
cumulated over the month with a total reported for the month. Therefore,
the annual figures can be created by summing the monthly estimates.
- 11 -
Sample methodology
The JOLTS sample design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm business
establishments, including factories, offices, and stores, as well as
federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states and the District
of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over eight
million establishments compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly
Census of Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program. This program includes
all employers subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal
agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector,
and size class. Large firms fall into the sample with virtual certainty.
JOLTS total employment estimates are controlled to the employment estimates
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS
employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
Rates are then computed from the adjusted levels.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are rel-
atively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel
enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the original data
series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system
was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The supple-
mental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not
completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those
points are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier
months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting
data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and separations data
were revised to address possible underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires
and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be compar-
able with estimates for March 2002 and later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring approx-
imately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland Security is not
reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal gov-
ernment. The Office of Personnel Management's record shows these transfers
were completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS defi-
nitions of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of
workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorgan-
ization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these intergovern-
mental transfers would distort the federal government time series.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year.
Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes in
the level of the series, particularly those associated with general
economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjust-
ment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are
calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including
the data for the current month.
- 12 -
Prior to the January 2007 benchmark release in March 2007, seasonal
adjustment of the JOLTS series was conducted using the stable seasonal
filter option since there were not enough data observations available
for the standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters. Although
the seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series is conducted with fewer data
observations than is customary, the number of observations is now above
the minimum required by X-12-ARIMA to use the normal seasonal filters.
Therefore, the standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters is now
in place for JOLTS seasonal adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment now
includes both additive and multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and
REGARIMA (regression with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the
seasonal adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series. Due to the improved
diagnostics, three additional industries are now seasonally adjusted:
retail trade, accommodations and food services, and state and local
government. It is expected that more series may be seasonally adjusted
when more data are available.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a
chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population
values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is
a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true"
population value because of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors
are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling
error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a seg-
ment of the population, the inability to obtain data from all units in the
sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection
or processing of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark data
used in estimation.
JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to exactly ex-
plain net changes in nonfarm payroll employment. Some reasons why it is
problematic to compare changes in payroll employment with JOLTS hires and
separations, especially on a monthly basis, are: 1) the reference period
for payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the month,
while the reference period for hires and separations is the calendar month;
and 2) payroll employment can vary from month to month simply because part-
time and on-call workers may not always work during the pay period that in-
cludes the 12th of the month. Additionally, research has found that some
reporters systematically underreport separations relative to hires due to a
number of factors, including the nature of their payroll systems and prac-
tices. The shortfall appears to be about 2 percent or less over a 12-month
period.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels (3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p
Total (4).................................. 3,950 4,188 4,177 4,157 4,200 4,401 4,372 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private (4)......................... 3,538 3,714 3,715 3,702 3,735 3,928 3,892 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3
Construction............................. 121 185 148 137 106 107 164 1.6 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.4 2.1
Manufacturing............................ 312 330 317 364 328 362 353 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities (5). 647 741 721 658 671 767 746 2.4 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.8
Retail trade............................ 411 431 396 370 417 471 419 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.7 3.0 2.7
Professional and business services....... 763 682 755 709 705 745 764 4.2 3.7 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.1
Education and health services............ 621 683 701 749 713 734 732 3.4 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9
Leisure and hospitality (6).............. 517 525 544 579 625 612 550 3.8 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.4 3.9
Accommodations and food services........ 453 471 469 487 528 538 485 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.1
Government (7)............................ 410 469 467 460 463 473 476 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1
State and local government............... 373 422 430 423 427 427 435 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2
REGION (8)
Northeast................................ 711 746 770 760 772 849 755 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9
South.................................... 1,569 1,599 1,626 1,649 1,572 1,674 1,632 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.2
Midwest.................................. 738 851 789 769 770 810 837 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6
West..................................... 904 1,009 1,017 989 1,034 1,044 1,118 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the
JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels (3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p
Total (4).................................. 4,876 4,912 4,917 4,983 4,994 4,959 4,984 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private (4)......................... 4,546 4,434 4,482 4,616 4,665 4,662 4,637 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0
Construction............................. 422 369 336 345 395 341 286 5.5 4.8 4.4 4.5 5.1 4.4 3.7
Manufacturing............................ 374 359 314 366 363 375 376 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities (5). 1,161 1,070 965 1,008 1,012 990 992 4.4 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8
Retail trade............................ 828 724 710 713 737 699 733 5.4 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.8
Professional and business services....... 916 830 1,028 994 1,010 963 962 5.3 4.7 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.4 5.4
Education and health services............ 435 478 467 529 492 515 508 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8
Leisure and hospitality (6).............. 792 834 859 893 903 969 983 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.8 7.2 7.3
Accommodations and food services........ 687 713 756 758 748 793 849 6.2 6.3 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.9 7.4
Government (7)............................ 359 407 386 363 348 371 382 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7
State and local government............... 311 336 318 320 303 313 318 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6
REGION (8)
Northeast................................ 733 729 720 727 713 768 808 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.1
South.................................... 1,970 1,927 2,019 1,969 1,979 1,900 1,890 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.8
Midwest.................................. 949 1,053 1,031 1,097 1,061 1,150 1,165 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.7
West..................................... 1,258 1,176 1,163 1,198 1,249 1,209 1,165 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.8
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the
JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels (3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p
Total (4).................................. 4,478 4,463 4,470 4,613 4,844 4,540 4,549 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private (4)......................... 4,180 4,158 4,123 4,323 4,543 4,253 4,242 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.7
Construction............................. 366 346 346 373 413 387 403 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.8 5.4 5.0 5.2
Manufacturing............................ 356 368 389 359 360 372 401 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities (5). 955 1,002 990 987 1,020 962 969 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.7
Retail trade............................ 682 699 686 688 719 707 672 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.4
Professional and business services....... 831 728 824 921 974 851 872 4.8 4.1 4.7 5.2 5.5 4.8 4.9
Education and health services............ 372 437 396 424 430 430 416 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3
Leisure and hospitality (6).............. 897 804 726 791 838 835 772 6.9 6.1 5.5 6.0 6.3 6.2 5.8
Accommodations and food services........ 792 688 607 673 721 757 623 7.2 6.1 5.4 5.9 6.3 6.6 5.5
Government (7)............................ 297 307 315 298 305 283 310 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4
State and local government............... 249 242 251 248 256 255 257 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
REGION (8)
Northeast................................ 683 697 731 745 707 670 740 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.9
South.................................... 1,707 1,828 1,742 1,709 2,011 1,796 1,778 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 4.1 3.7 3.6
Midwest.................................. 1,012 962 970 1,072 985 1,054 991 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.1
West..................................... 1,071 1,044 1,031 1,081 1,079 1,036 1,046 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the
JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels (3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007p
Total (4).................................. 2,656 2,692 2,566 2,655 2,774 2,759 2,665 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9
INDUSTRY
Total private (4)......................... 2,518 2,532 2,400 2,513 2,625 2,615 2,518 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.2
Construction............................. 186 153 135 137 144 143 145 2.4 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9
Manufacturing............................ 193 201 185 196 211 222 235 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities (5). 599 610 591 593 661 597 580 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.2
Retail trade............................ 448 435 430 438 472 438 412 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.7
Professional and business services....... 405 424 443 475 486 497 496 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8
Education and health services............ 249 295 263 274 278 289 271 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5
Leisure and hospitality (6).............. 610 553 510 542 565 602 529 4.7 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.5 4.0
Accommodations and food services........ 567 508 462 496 520 560 479 5.1 4.5 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.9 4.2
Government (7)............................ 142 158 160 144 147 146 152 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7
State and local government............... 122 130 125 124 125 130 129 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .7 .7
REGION (8)
Northeast................................ 385 409 383 359 409 367 355 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4
South.................................... 1,111 1,140 1,102 1,101 1,167 1,171 1,115 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.3
Midwest.................................. 546 558 541 604 543 559 579 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.8
West..................................... 618 575 551 592 645 638 619 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.
7 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
8 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the
JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Job openings levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2007p
Total........................................... 3,626 3,888 4,022 2.7 2.7 2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,248 3,451 3,583 2.8 2.9 3.1
Natural resources and mining.................. 10 15 16 1.5 2.2 2.3
Construction.................................. 101 73 137 1.4 1.0 1.8
Manufacturing................................. 303 323 344 2.1 2.2 2.4
Durable goods................................ 211 201 209 2.3 2.2 2.3
Nondurable goods............................. 92 122 135 1.7 2.3 2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 559 647 654 2.1 2.3 2.4
Wholesale trade.............................. 106 140 171 1.8 2.3 2.8
Retail trade................................. 348 378 354 2.2 2.3 2.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 105 129 129 2.1 2.5 2.5
Information................................... 120 135 168 3.8 4.2 5.2
Financial activities.......................... 320 218 220 3.7 2.5 2.6
Finance and insurance........................ 233 152 177 3.7 2.4 2.8
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 87 67 44 4.0 2.9 2.0
Professional and business services............ 720 702 726 4.1 3.8 4.0
Education and health services................. 587 695 689 3.2 3.7 3.7
Educational services......................... 58 69 49 2.0 2.2 1.7
Health care and social assistance............ 529 626 640 3.5 4.0 4.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 459 491 487 3.6 3.6 3.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 60 55 61 3.5 3.0 3.4
Accommodations and food services............. 399 436 426 3.6 3.7 3.7
Other services................................ 70 150 142 1.3 2.7 2.6
Government..................................... 378 436 438 1.7 1.9 2.0
Federal....................................... 35 41 38 1.3 1.5 1.4
State and local............................... 344 395 400 1.8 2.0 2.0
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 621 732 659 2.4 2.8 2.5
South......................................... 1,468 1,514 1,526 3.0 3.0 3.1
Midwest....................................... 674 689 762 2.1 2.1 2.4
West.......................................... 863 953 1,075 2.8 3.0 3.4
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics
employment estimates.
Table 6. Hires levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2007p
Total........................................... 4,207 3,720 4,311 3.2 2.7 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,880 3,493 3,962 3.5 3.0 3.5
Natural resources and mining.................. 15 16 23 2.4 2.3 3.3
Construction.................................. 320 212 215 4.4 2.8 2.9
Manufacturing................................. 370 252 371 2.6 1.8 2.7
Durable goods................................ 209 142 227 2.3 1.6 2.6
Nondurable goods............................. 162 109 144 3.1 2.1 2.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 873 795 751 3.4 3.0 2.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 99 98 145 1.7 1.7 2.5
Retail trade................................. 555 559 496 3.6 3.5 3.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 218 138 110 4.4 2.7 2.2
Information................................... 66 53 98 2.2 1.7 3.2
Financial activities.......................... 177 170 191 2.2 2.0 2.3
Finance and insurance........................ 131 111 134 2.1 1.8 2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 46 59 57 2.2 2.7 2.6
Professional and business services............ 874 788 918 5.2 4.4 5.3
Education and health services................. 408 374 475 2.3 2.1 2.6
Educational services......................... 64 36 69 2.3 1.2 2.4
Health care and social assistance............ 344 339 406 2.3 2.2 2.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 617 727 770 5.0 5.6 6.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 78 133 103 4.6 7.4 5.9
Accommodations and food services............. 539 594 667 5.1 5.3 6.0
Other services................................ 161 106 152 3.0 1.9 2.8
Government..................................... 327 227 348 1.5 1.0 1.6
Federal....................................... 44 51 59 1.6 1.9 2.2
State and local............................... 283 176 289 1.5 .9 1.5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 559 556 620 2.2 2.2 2.5
South......................................... 1,785 1,411 1,711 3.7 2.9 3.5
Midwest....................................... 812 792 1,005 2.6 2.5 3.2
West.......................................... 1,052 961 975 3.5 3.1 3.2
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics
employment estimates.
Table 7. Total separations levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2007p
Total........................................... 4,331 4,369 4,389 3.3 3.2 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,085 4,136 4,133 3.7 3.6 3.7
Natural resources and mining.................. 18 15 20 2.8 2.2 2.8
Construction.................................. 426 407 467 5.9 5.4 6.4
Manufacturing................................. 352 332 397 2.5 2.4 2.8
Durable goods................................ 193 195 243 2.2 2.2 2.7
Nondurable goods............................. 159 138 154 3.1 2.7 3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,005 1,080 1,001 3.9 4.0 3.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 102 130 111 1.8 2.2 1.9
Retail trade................................. 768 806 744 5.0 5.1 4.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 135 144 146 2.7 2.8 2.9
Information................................... 78 72 75 2.6 2.3 2.5
Financial activities.......................... 179 217 152 2.2 2.6 1.8
Finance and insurance........................ 117 145 105 1.9 2.3 1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 62 72 47 2.9 3.3 2.2
Professional and business services............ 779 823 823 4.6 4.6 4.7
Education and health services................. 345 360 375 2.0 2.0 2.1
Educational services......................... 39 45 54 1.4 1.5 1.9
Health care and social assistance............ 306 315 320 2.1 2.1 2.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 776 712 666 6.3 5.4 5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 51 62 97 3.0 3.4 5.6
Accommodations and food services............. 726 650 569 6.8 5.8 5.2
Other services................................ 127 117 156 2.4 2.2 2.9
Government..................................... 246 233 256 1.1 1.0 1.2
Federal....................................... 48 35 53 1.8 1.3 2.0
State and local............................... 198 198 204 1.0 1.0 1.1
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 662 671 718 2.7 2.6 2.8
South......................................... 1,617 1,661 1,676 3.4 3.4 3.5
Midwest....................................... 1,007 1,052 984 3.3 3.3 3.2
West.......................................... 1,045 986 1,011 3.5 3.2 3.3
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics
employment estimates.
Table 8. Quits levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2007p
Total........................................... 2,330 2,296 2,336 1.8 1.7 1.7
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,216 2,186 2,214 2.0 1.9 2.0
Natural resources and mining.................. 9 8 7 1.4 1.1 1.0
Construction.................................. 151 115 117 2.1 1.5 1.6
Manufacturing................................. 165 158 202 1.2 1.1 1.4
Durable goods................................ 95 83 120 1.1 .9 1.3
Nondurable goods............................. 70 76 83 1.4 1.5 1.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 531 544 512 2.0 2.0 2.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 61 71 71 1.1 1.2 1.2
Retail trade................................. 403 404 369 2.6 2.5 2.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 67 69 72 1.4 1.3 1.4
Information................................... 60 41 50 2.0 1.3 1.6
Financial activities.......................... 103 109 86 1.3 1.3 1.0
Finance and insurance........................ 74 72 69 1.2 1.2 1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 29 37 17 1.4 1.7 .8
Professional and business services............ 368 422 455 2.2 2.4 2.6
Education and health services................. 217 244 232 1.2 1.3 1.3
Educational services......................... 24 20 25 .8 .6 .9
Health care and social assistance............ 193 224 207 1.3 1.5 1.4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 539 485 463 4.4 3.7 3.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 27 31 31 1.6 1.7 1.8
Accommodations and food services............. 512 454 433 4.8 4.0 3.9
Other services................................ 72 59 90 1.4 1.1 1.7
Government..................................... 114 109 122 .5 .5 .6
Federal....................................... 16 12 18 .6 .5 .7
State and local............................... 98 97 104 .5 .5 .5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 315 294 291 1.3 1.1 1.2
South......................................... 984 983 984 2.1 2.0 2.0
Midwest....................................... 487 470 517 1.6 1.5 1.7
West.......................................... 544 548 544 1.8 1.8 1.8
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics
employment estimates.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2007p
Total........................................... 1,627 1,789 1,665 1.2 1.3 1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,553 1,710 1,590 1.4 1.5 1.4
Natural resources and mining.................. 5 6 9 .8 .8 1.3
Construction.................................. 258 285 315 3.6 3.8 4.3
Manufacturing................................. 141 148 161 1.0 1.0 1.2
Durable goods................................ 68 93 98 .8 1.0 1.1
Nondurable goods............................. 74 56 63 1.4 1.1 1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 409 458 394 1.6 1.7 1.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 33 41 32 .6 .7 .5
Retail trade................................. 325 353 311 2.1 2.2 2.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 52 64 51 1.1 1.3 1.0
Information................................... 11 26 21 .4 .8 .7
Financial activities.......................... 61 80 54 .7 .9 .6
Finance and insurance........................ 37 48 29 .6 .8 .5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 24 31 26 1.1 1.4 1.2
Professional and business services............ 301 361 310 1.8 2.0 1.8
Education and health services................. 103 90 97 .6 .5 .5
Educational services......................... 12 20 26 .4 .7 .9
Health care and social assistance............ 91 70 71 .6 .5 .5
Leisure and hospitality....................... 215 204 180 1.7 1.6 1.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 20 27 62 1.2 1.5 3.6
Accommodations and food services............. 195 177 119 1.8 1.6 1.1
Other services................................ 49 52 50 .9 1.0 .9
Government..................................... 74 79 75 .3 .4 .3
Federal....................................... 11 13 14 .4 .5 .5
State and local............................... 63 66 61 .3 .3 .3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 283 332 364 1.1 1.3 1.4
South......................................... 523 568 553 1.1 1.1 1.1
Midwest....................................... 386 517 384 1.3 1.6 1.2
West.......................................... 435 372 364 1.5 1.2 1.2
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics
employment estimates.
Table 10. Other separations levels (1) and rates (2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2006 2006 2007p 2006 2006 2007p
Total........................................... 373 284 389 0.3 0.2 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 316 240 329 .3 .2 .3
Natural resources and mining.................. 4 1 4 .6 .2 .6
Construction.................................. 17 7 34 .2 .1 .5
Manufacturing................................. 45 26 34 .3 .2 .2
Durable goods................................ 30 20 25 .3 .2 .3
Nondurable goods............................. 15 6 9 .3 .1 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 65 78 96 .2 .3 .4
Wholesale trade.............................. 8 18 8 .1 .3 .1
Retail trade................................. 40 49 64 .3 .3 .4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 16 11 23 .3 .2 .5
Information................................... 7 4 5 .2 .1 .2
Financial activities.......................... 15 28 12 .2 .3 .1
Finance and insurance........................ 6 25 7 .1 .4 .1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 8 3 5 .4 .2 .2
Professional and business services............ 110 40 59 .7 .2 .3
Education and health services................. 25 26 46 .1 .1 .3
Educational services......................... 3 5 3 .1 .2 .1
Health care and social assistance............ 22 21 43 .2 .1 .3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 22 23 23 .2 .2 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 4 4 5 .2 .2 .3
Accommodations and food services............. 18 19 17 .2 .2 .2
Other services................................ 6 6 16 .1 .1 .3
Government..................................... 58 45 60 .3 .2 .3
Federal....................................... 21 9 21 .8 .3 .8
State and local............................... 36 35 39 .2 .2 .2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 64 44 64 .3 .2 .3
South......................................... 110 110 140 .2 .2 .3
Midwest....................................... 134 64 82 .4 .2 .3
West.......................................... 65 66 103 .2 .2 .3
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 8, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics
employment estimates.
Table 11. Annual hires levels (1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total........................................... 54,578 49,718 49,294 54,721 57,491 59,400
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 50,401 45,673 45,620 50,858 53,416 54,851
Natural resources and mining.................. 221 219 216 229 257 257
Construction.................................. 4,501 4,421 4,580 4,677 5,150 4,513
Manufacturing................................. 4,130 4,062 3,861 4,316 4,112 4,278
Durable goods................................ 2,239 2,356 2,389 2,718 2,592 2,549
Nondurable goods............................. 1,890 1,704 1,470 1,598 1,521 1,730
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 11,984 10,517 10,389 11,988 12,289 12,640
Wholesale trade.............................. 1,711 1,556 1,481 1,702 1,720 1,629
Retail trade................................. 8,621 7,557 7,423 8,392 8,530 8,909
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 1,651 1,406 1,489 1,893 2,039 2,100
Information................................... 967 799 748 792 881 974
Financial activities.......................... 2,207 2,002 2,031 2,292 2,281 2,512
Finance and insurance........................ 1,444 1,253 1,209 1,354 1,436 1,608
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 763 749 820 939 845 903
Professional and business services............ 8,521 7,758 7,842 9,416 10,554 11,328
Education and health services................. 5,484 5,133 5,164 5,253 5,619 5,905
Educational services......................... 686 587 726 713 721 840
Health care and social assistance............ 4,798 4,544 4,439 4,541 4,898 5,066
Leisure and hospitality....................... 10,397 8,868 8,628 9,670 9,893 10,336
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1,543 1,383 1,349 1,495 1,503 1,509
Accommodations and food services............. 8,854 7,484 7,281 8,173 8,391 8,828
Other services................................ 1,992 1,899 2,160 2,223 2,384 2,106
Government..................................... 4,177 4,043 3,674 3,863 4,075 4,549
Federal....................................... 513 617 476 464 492 699
State and local............................... 3,667 3,426 3,197 3,399 3,586 3,848
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 9,102 7,900 8,687 9,745 9,331 9,233
South......................................... 20,335 19,079 18,705 20,998 22,069 23,250
Midwest....................................... 13,439 11,561 10,666 11,931 12,403 12,658
West.......................................... 11,703 11,179 11,236 12,048 13,689 14,259
1 The annual hires level is the total number of hires during the entire year.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 12. Annual hires rates (1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total........................................... 41.4 38.1 37.9 41.6 43.0 43.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 45.5 42.0 42.1 46.3 47.7 48.0
Natural resources and mining.................. 36.5 37.6 37.8 38.7 40.9 37.6
Construction.................................. 65.9 65.8 68.0 67.0 70.2 58.7
Manufacturing................................. 25.1 26.6 26.6 30.2 28.9 30.1
Durable goods................................ 21.7 24.8 26.7 30.5 28.9 28.3
Nondurable goods............................. 30.9 29.5 26.5 29.6 28.9 33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 46.1 41.2 41.1 47.0 47.3 48.2
Wholesale trade.............................. 29.6 27.5 26.4 30.1 29.8 27.6
Retail trade................................. 56.6 50.3 49.8 55.7 55.8 58.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 33.2 29.2 31.3 39.3 41.5 41.9
Information................................... 26.6 23.5 23.5 25.4 28.8 31.9
Financial activities.......................... 28.3 25.5 25.5 28.5 28.0 30.0
Finance and insurance........................ 25.0 21.5 20.4 22.8 23.8 26.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 37.5 36.9 39.9 45.1 39.7 41.4
Professional and business services............ 51.7 48.6 49.1 57.4 62.3 64.5
Education and health services................. 35.1 31.7 31.1 31.0 32.3 33.1
Educational services......................... 27.3 22.2 26.9 25.8 25.4 28.8
Health care and social assistance............ 36.5 33.5 32.0 32.0 33.7 34.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 86.4 74.0 70.9 77.4 77.2 78.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 84.6 77.6 74.4 80.8 79.4 78.3
Accommodations and food services............. 86.7 73.4 70.3 76.8 76.8 78.7
Other services................................ 37.9 35.3 40.0 41.1 44.2 38.8
Government..................................... 19.8 18.8 17.0 17.9 18.7 20.7
Federal....................................... 18.6 22.3 17.2 17.0 18.0 25.6
State and local............................... 20.0 18.3 17.0 18.0 18.8 20.0
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 36.2 31.7 34.9 39.2 37.3 36.3
South......................................... 43.7 41.4 40.7 44.9 46.1 47.6
Midwest....................................... 42.9 37.4 34.7 38.8 40.1 40.3
West.......................................... 40.7 39.3 39.6 41.5 45.9 46.8
1 The annual hires rate is the number of hires during the entire year as a percent of annual
average employment.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 13. Annual total separations levels (1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total........................................... 54,556 49,597 48,294 51,779 54,609 55,422
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 51,406 46,454 45,136 48,479 51,286 51,715
Natural resources and mining.................. 233 229 218 216 206 227
Construction.................................. 4,794 4,531 4,555 4,638 4,847 4,653
Manufacturing................................. 6,177 5,121 4,350 4,255 4,469 4,483
Durable goods................................ 3,800 3,148 2,709 2,661 2,829 2,590
Nondurable goods............................. 2,378 1,972 1,641 1,591 1,640 1,896
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 12,324 11,108 10,682 11,704 11,983 11,995
Wholesale trade.............................. 1,820 1,777 1,647 1,720 1,602 1,716
Retail trade................................. 8,725 7,750 7,378 8,177 8,424 8,517
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 1,778 1,584 1,657 1,810 1,955 1,760
Information................................... 1,181 960 796 927 893 944
Financial activities.......................... 2,147 2,099 1,899 2,161 2,134 2,540
Finance and insurance........................ 1,369 1,330 1,162 1,339 1,367 1,607
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 776 772 738 824 769 931
Professional and business services............ 7,858 7,078 7,362 8,568 9,816 10,061
Education and health services................. 4,779 4,570 4,500 4,710 4,969 5,099
Educational services......................... 489 566 627 594 638 692
Health care and social assistance............ 4,292 4,001 3,874 4,118 4,331 4,410
Leisure and hospitality....................... 9,939 8,737 8,589 9,012 9,674 9,734
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1,370 1,370 1,334 1,493 1,409 1,328
Accommodations and food services............. 8,570 7,366 7,257 7,520 8,266 8,405
Other services................................ 1,977 2,024 2,185 2,285 2,300 1,981
Government..................................... 3,150 3,144 3,158 3,298 3,325 3,706
Federal....................................... 403 409 468 414 446 681
State and local............................... 2,745 2,734 2,688 2,888 2,880 3,024
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 9,053 8,136 8,283 9,169 8,880 8,654
South......................................... 19,710 18,752 18,579 19,356 20,928 21,765
Midwest....................................... 13,856 11,307 10,596 11,378 12,032 12,073
West.......................................... 11,936 11,403 10,836 11,878 12,773 12,930
1 The annual total separations level is the total number of total separations during the entire
year.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 14. Annual total separations rates (1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total........................................... 41.4 38.1 37.1 39.4 40.8 40.7
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 46.4 42.7 41.6 44.1 45.8 45.3
Natural resources and mining.................. 38.4 39.3 38.1 36.5 32.8 33.2
Construction.................................. 70.2 67.5 67.6 66.5 66.1 60.5
Manufacturing................................. 37.6 33.6 30.0 29.7 31.4 31.6
Durable goods................................ 36.8 33.2 30.2 29.8 31.6 28.8
Nondurable goods............................. 38.9 34.1 29.6 29.5 31.1 36.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 47.4 43.6 42.2 45.8 46.2 45.7
Wholesale trade.............................. 31.5 31.4 29.4 30.4 27.8 29.1
Retail trade................................. 57.3 51.6 49.5 54.3 55.1 55.6
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 35.8 32.9 34.8 37.6 39.8 35.1
Information................................... 32.5 28.3 25.0 29.7 29.2 30.9
Financial activities.......................... 27.5 26.7 23.8 26.9 26.2 30.4
Finance and insurance........................ 23.7 22.9 19.6 22.5 22.7 26.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 38.1 38.0 35.9 39.6 36.1 42.7
Professional and business services............ 47.7 44.3 46.0 52.3 57.9 57.3
Education and health services................. 30.5 28.2 27.1 27.8 28.6 28.6
Educational services......................... 19.5 21.4 23.3 21.5 22.5 23.7
Health care and social assistance............ 32.7 29.5 27.9 29.0 29.8 29.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 82.6 72.9 70.6 72.1 75.5 74.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 75.1 76.8 73.6 80.7 74.5 68.9
Accommodations and food services............. 83.9 72.2 70.0 70.7 75.7 74.9
Other services................................ 37.6 37.7 40.5 42.2 42.6 36.5
Government..................................... 14.9 14.6 14.6 15.3 15.2 16.9
Federal....................................... 14.6 14.8 17.0 15.2 16.3 25.0
State and local............................... 15.0 14.6 14.3 15.3 15.1 15.7
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 36.0 32.6 33.3 36.9 35.5 34.0
South......................................... 42.3 40.7 40.4 41.3 43.7 44.6
Midwest....................................... 44.2 36.6 34.4 37.0 38.9 38.4
West.......................................... 41.5 40.1 38.2 41.0 42.8 42.4
1 The annual total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire year as
a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 15. Annual quits levels (1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total........................................... 30,817 26,833 24,881 27,939 30,825 32,292
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 29,127 25,282 23,452 26,375 29,229 30,461
Natural resources and mining.................. 103 87 83 98 110 128
Construction.................................. 1,869 1,657 1,563 1,766 2,098 1,977
Manufacturing................................. 2,463 2,142 1,870 2,140 2,288 2,356
Durable goods................................ 1,423 1,271 1,161 1,322 1,421 1,345
Nondurable goods............................. 1,042 870 712 815 868 1,014
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 7,499 6,401 5,738 6,581 7,117 7,337
Wholesale trade.............................. 979 918 845 881 873 973
Retail trade................................. 5,591 4,730 4,229 4,927 5,340 5,391
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 929 756 664 772 904 972
Information................................... 682 496 440 499 581 670
Financial activities.......................... 1,259 1,177 1,103 1,315 1,262 1,527
Finance and insurance........................ 830 767 666 814 850 1,018
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 428 410 436 499 412 508
Professional and business services............ 4,293 3,679 3,453 4,085 4,698 5,244
Education and health services................. 3,184 2,835 2,723 2,933 3,219 3,312
Educational services......................... 282 312 293 304 354 357
Health care and social assistance............ 2,905 2,526 2,427 2,630 2,865 2,956
Leisure and hospitality....................... 6,647 5,605 5,309 5,554 6,396 6,751
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 609 619 537 505 596 549
Accommodations and food services............. 6,038 4,989 4,775 5,049 5,802 6,201
Other services................................ 1,128 1,200 1,176 1,402 1,458 1,157
Government..................................... 1,690 1,553 1,428 1,562 1,598 1,827
Federal....................................... 254 209 194 163 173 306
State and local............................... 1,436 1,343 1,234 1,397 1,426 1,520
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 4,929 3,971 3,660 4,104 4,504 4,592
South......................................... 11,783 10,708 10,200 11,304 12,521 13,681
Midwest....................................... 7,727 6,057 5,467 6,034 6,521 6,753
West.......................................... 6,380 6,097 5,552 6,495 7,283 7,266
1 The annual quits level is the total number of quits during the entire year.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 16. Annual quits rates (1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total........................................... 23.4 20.6 19.1 21.3 23.1 23.7
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 26.3 23.2 21.6 24.0 26.1 26.7
Natural resources and mining.................. 17.0 14.9 14.5 16.6 17.5 18.7
Construction.................................. 27.4 24.7 23.2 25.3 28.6 25.7
Manufacturing................................. 15.0 14.0 12.9 14.9 16.1 16.6
Durable goods................................ 13.8 13.4 13.0 14.8 15.9 14.9
Nondurable goods............................. 17.1 15.1 12.8 15.1 16.5 19.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 28.9 25.1 22.7 25.8 27.4 28.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 17.0 16.2 15.1 15.6 15.1 16.5
Retail trade................................. 36.7 31.5 28.4 32.7 34.9 35.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 18.7 15.7 13.9 16.0 18.4 19.4
Information................................... 18.8 14.6 13.8 16.0 19.0 21.9
Financial activities.......................... 16.1 15.0 13.8 16.4 15.5 18.3
Finance and insurance........................ 14.4 13.2 11.2 13.7 14.1 16.5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 21.0 20.2 21.2 24.0 19.3 23.3
Professional and business services............ 26.1 23.0 21.6 24.9 27.7 29.9
Education and health services................. 20.4 17.5 16.4 17.3 18.5 18.6
Educational services......................... 11.2 11.8 10.9 11.0 12.5 12.2
Health care and social assistance............ 22.1 18.6 17.5 18.5 19.7 19.8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 55.2 46.8 43.6 44.5 49.9 51.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 33.4 34.7 29.6 27.3 31.5 28.5
Accommodations and food services............. 59.1 48.9 46.1 47.4 53.1 55.3
Other services................................ 21.5 22.3 21.8 25.9 27.0 21.3
Government..................................... 8.0 7.2 6.6 7.2 7.3 8.3
Federal....................................... 9.2 7.6 7.0 6.0 6.3 11.2
State and local............................... 7.8 7.2 6.6 7.4 7.5 7.9
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 19.6 15.9 14.7 16.5 18.0 18.1
South......................................... 25.3 23.3 22.2 24.1 26.1 28.0
Midwest....................................... 24.7 19.6 17.8 19.6 21.1 21.5
West.......................................... 22.2 21.4 19.6 22.4 24.4 23.9
1 The annual quits rate is the number of quits during the entire year as a percent of annual
average employment.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 17. Annual layoffs and discharges levels (1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total........................................... 19,954 19,023 19,746 20,153 20,014 18,911
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 19,048 18,057 18,628 19,048 18,886 17,699
Natural resources and mining.................. 107 103 95 70 70 69
Construction.................................. 2,697 2,705 2,827 2,677 2,564 2,388
Manufacturing................................. 3,186 2,555 2,073 1,799 1,771 1,725
Durable goods................................ 1,995 1,600 1,285 1,129 1,108 974
Nondurable goods............................. 1,197 956 788 673 662 754
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 4,147 3,944 4,151 4,315 4,144 3,669
Wholesale trade.............................. 727 733 666 706 628 556
Retail trade................................. 2,713 2,534 2,691 2,750 2,651 2,532
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 706 674 791 860 865 584
Information................................... 415 394 306 360 231 199
Financial activities.......................... 645 723 576 605 677 771
Finance and insurance........................ 347 409 329 321 356 402
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 298 313 247 283 319 368
Professional and business services............ 3,012 2,771 3,367 3,922 4,370 4,079
Education and health services................. 1,226 1,369 1,428 1,441 1,415 1,417
Educational services......................... 150 209 285 251 239 287
Health care and social assistance............ 1,076 1,161 1,143 1,191 1,174 1,129
Leisure and hospitality....................... 2,924 2,804 2,941 3,116 2,947 2,703
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 728 725 771 957 782 744
Accommodations and food services............. 2,197 2,077 2,173 2,160 2,160 1,958
Other services................................ 685 686 860 740 701 677
Government..................................... 907 967 1,120 1,102 1,128 1,212
Federal....................................... 61 117 164 111 148 191
State and local............................... 846 849 954 994 981 1,021
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 3,425 3,447 3,899 4,282 3,739 3,308
South......................................... 6,566 6,726 7,065 6,741 7,095 6,547
Midwest....................................... 5,121 4,394 4,336 4,558 4,656 4,366
West.......................................... 4,843 4,455 4,450 4,573 4,524 4,685
1 The annual layoffs and discharges level is the total number of layoffs and discharges during the
entire year.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 18. Annual layoffs and discharges rates (1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total........................................... 15.1 14.6 15.2 15.3 15.0 13.9
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 17.2 16.6 17.2 17.3 16.9 15.5
Natural resources and mining.................. 17.7 17.7 16.6 11.8 11.1 10.1
Construction.................................. 39.5 40.3 42.0 38.4 35.0 31.1
Manufacturing................................. 19.4 16.7 14.3 12.6 12.4 12.2
Durable goods................................ 19.3 16.9 14.3 12.7 12.4 10.8
Nondurable goods............................. 19.6 16.6 14.2 12.5 12.6 14.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 16.0 15.5 16.4 16.9 16.0 14.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 12.6 13.0 11.9 12.5 10.9 9.4
Retail trade................................. 17.8 16.9 18.0 18.3 17.3 16.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 14.2 14.0 16.6 17.9 17.6 11.6
Information................................... 11.4 11.6 9.6 11.5 7.5 6.5
Financial activities.......................... 8.3 9.2 7.2 7.5 8.3 9.2
Finance and insurance........................ 6.0 7.0 5.6 5.4 5.9 6.5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 14.6 15.4 12.0 13.6 15.0 16.9
Professional and business services............ 18.3 17.3 21.1 23.9 25.8 23.2
Education and health services................. 7.8 8.5 8.6 8.5 8.1 7.9
Educational services......................... 6.0 7.9 10.6 9.1 8.4 9.8
Health care and social assistance............ 8.2 8.6 8.2 8.4 8.1 7.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 24.3 23.4 24.2 24.9 23.0 20.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 39.9 40.7 42.5 51.7 41.3 38.6
Accommodations and food services............. 21.5 20.4 21.0 20.3 19.8 17.5
Other services................................ 13.0 12.8 15.9 13.7 13.0 12.5
Government..................................... 4.3 4.5 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.5
Federal....................................... 2.2 4.2 5.9 4.1 5.4 7.0
State and local............................... 4.6 4.5 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.3
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 13.6 13.8 15.7 17.2 14.9 13.0
South......................................... 14.1 14.6 15.4 14.4 14.8 13.4
Midwest....................................... 16.3 14.2 14.1 14.8 15.0 13.9
West.......................................... 16.8 15.7 15.7 15.8 15.2 15.4
1 The annual layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the
entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 19. Annual other separations levels (1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total........................................... 3,784 3,742 3,666 3,689 3,770 4,221
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,231 3,116 3,055 3,056 3,169 3,554
Natural resources and mining.................. 24 39 43 45 24 31
Construction.................................. 227 170 165 198 183 286
Manufacturing................................. 528 423 406 315 407 401
Durable goods................................ 386 277 263 210 300 273
Nondurable goods............................. 143 147 144 104 106 128
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 677 762 795 810 720 986
Wholesale trade.............................. 115 125 132 130 103 187
Retail trade................................. 420 484 458 501 432 595
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 141 152 203 178 186 207
Information................................... 84 69 50 65 81 72
Financial activities.......................... 240 201 223 243 198 245
Finance and insurance........................ 193 153 167 202 161 188
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 50 49 56 41 38 58
Professional and business services............ 551 627 543 562 745 737
Education and health services................. 365 361 351 333 335 370
Educational services......................... 57 49 48 38 43 47
Health care and social assistance............ 311 315 303 294 289 323
Leisure and hospitality....................... 369 326 340 342 332 280
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 35 29 30 32 31 36
Accommodations and food services............. 331 298 311 308 301 246
Other services................................ 166 135 148 147 142 144
Government..................................... 553 623 610 634 600 667
Federal....................................... 88 86 109 138 128 182
State and local............................... 464 539 500 495 474 480
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 700 719 724 786 639 754
South......................................... 1,360 1,319 1,313 1,310 1,312 1,535
Midwest....................................... 1,011 854 793 784 855 953
West.......................................... 714 853 838 810 964 975
1 The annual other separations level is the total number of other separations during the entire
year.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.
Table 20. Annual other separations rates (1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Total........................................... 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.1
Natural resources and mining.................. 4.0 6.7 7.5 7.6 3.8 4.5
Construction.................................. 3.3 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.5 3.7
Manufacturing................................. 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.9 2.8
Durable goods................................ 3.7 2.9 2.9 2.4 3.4 3.0
Nondurable goods............................. 2.3 2.5 2.6 1.9 2.0 2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.8 3.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.3 1.8 3.2
Retail trade................................. 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.3 2.8 3.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 2.8 3.2 4.3 3.7 3.8 4.1
Information................................... 2.3 2.0 1.6 2.1 2.6 2.4
Financial activities.......................... 3.1 2.6 2.8 3.0 2.4 2.9
Finance and insurance........................ 3.3 2.6 2.8 3.4 2.7 3.0
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.0 1.8 2.7
Professional and business services............ 3.3 3.9 3.4 3.4 4.4 4.2
Education and health services................. 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.1
Educational services......................... 2.3 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.6
Health care and social assistance............ 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.9
Accommodations and food services............. 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.2
Other services................................ 3.2 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.7
Government..................................... 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.0
Federal....................................... 3.2 3.1 3.9 5.1 4.7 6.7
State and local............................... 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.5
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.6 3.0
South......................................... 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.1
Midwest....................................... 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.8 3.0
West.......................................... 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.2
1 The annual other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire year as
a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment
Statistics employment estimates.