Full text of January 2006 : Text File, USDL-06-457
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Technical information: (202) 691-5870 USDL 06-457
http://www.bls.gov/jlt/
For release: 10:00 A.M. EST
Media contact: 691-5902 Tuesday, March 14, 2006
JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: JANUARY 2006
The job openings, hires, and total separations rates were all unchanged
in January, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor
reported today. This release includes estimates of the number and rate of
job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by indus-
try and geographic region. The annual turnover, or separations, rate rose
to 41 percent in 2005, up from 37 percent in 2003.
Job Openings
On the last business day of January 2006, there were 3.9 million job
openings in the United States, and the job openings rate was 2.8 percent.
(See table 1.) The job openings rate was unchanged in January but has
generally trended upward since September 2003. In January, the job open-
ings rate fell in construction. Rates did not change significantly in any
geographic region.
Hires and Separations
The hires rate was unchanged at 3.5 percent in January. (See table 2.)
Hires are any additions to the payroll during the month. Over the month,
the hires rate increased in manufacturing; trade, transportation, and
utilities; and government. The hires rate did not change significantly
in any region.
The total separations, or turnover, rate was unchanged at 3.2 percent
in January. (See table 3.) Separations are terminations of employment
that occur at any time during the month. In January, the total separa-
tions rate decreased in the trade, transportation, and utilities industry
but increased in professional and business services and in government.
The total separations rate did not change significantly in any region.
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| Revisions to Monthly JOLTS Data and First |
| Publication of Annual Data |
| |
| The job openings, hires, and separations data in this release |
| have been revised to incorporate annual updates to the Current |
| Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal |
| adjustment factors. See page 4 for more information. |
| With this release, annual rates and levels for hires and sepa- |
| rations from the JOLTS program are published for the first time. |
| Data for the years 2001 through 2005 are presented in tables 11 |
| through 20. See page 3 for more information. |
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- 2 -
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------|--------------------|--------------------
Industry | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan. | Jan. | Dec. | Jan.
| 2005 | 2005 | 2006p| 2005 | 2005 | 2006p| 2005 | 2005 | 2006p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........|3,339 |3,941 |3,916 |4,840 |4,694 |4,768 |4,540 |4,359 |4,304
Total private(1).|2,968 |3,509 |3,486 |4,499 |4,397 |4,439 |4,276 |4,067 |3,998
Construction...| 132 | 170 | 129 | 387 | 426 | 356 | 465 | 348 | 365
Manufacturing..| 263 | 313 | 300 | 310 | 307 | 371 | 371 | 355 | 347
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and| | | | | | | | |
utilities.....| 547 | 661 | 661 |1,092 |1,011 |1,151 | 964 |1,027 | 890
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services......| 610 | 750 | 788 | 883 | 849 | 903 | 809 | 735 | 845
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices.........| 574 | 618 | 604 | 470 | 467 | 440 | 362 | 400 | 357
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality...| 435 | 522 | 534 | 851 | 853 | 776 | 831 | 843 | 834
Government.......| 373 | 435 | 432 | 341 | 293 | 330 | 256 | 270 | 311
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total(1)...........| 2.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.2
Total private(1).| 2.6 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.5
Construction...| 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 4.7 | 4.9
Manufacturing..| 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and| | | | | | | | |
utilities.....| 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.4
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services......| 3.5 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 4.9
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices.........| 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.0
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality...| 3.3 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.5
Government.......| 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current
Employment Statistics employment estimates and the Jolts seasonal adjustment
factors. See the note on page 4 for more information.
Total separations include quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and
discharges (involuntary separations), and other separations (including
retirements). The quits rate, which can serve as a barometer of workers'
ability to change jobs, was little changed at 2.0 percent in January. (See
table 4.) The quits rate fell in the trade, transportation, and utilities
industry but increased in the professional and business services industry.
The quits rate rose in the Midwest.
The other two components of total separations--layoffs and discharges,
and other separations--are not seasonally adjusted. From January 2005 to
January 2006, the layoffs and discharges rate fell to 1.2 percent, and the
other separations rate rose to 0.3 percent. (See tables 9 and 10.)
Hires and separations data help show dynamic flows in the labor market.
Over the last 12 months, hires have averaged 4.8 million per month and
separations have averaged 4.5 million per month (not seasonally adjusted).
The comparable figures a year earlier were 4.6 million hires and 4.4 million
separations. (See the Technical Note for additional information on these
measures.)
- 3 -
Annual Levels and Rates
This release begins the publication of JOLTS annual rates and levels
for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. (See tables 11 through 20.) These data series were developed
in response to numerous requests by data users. Note that annual figures
for job openings are not calculated because job openings are measured on a
stock, or point-in-time, basis rather than on a flow basis over a specified
time period. This first release includes annual data for the years 2001
through 2005. The annual figures and additional tables will be published
with the release of January data each year. (See the Technical Note for
additional information on these measures.)
Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons across
years. In 2005, annual hires rose for the second year in a row, reaching
57 million after weaker hiring in 2002 and 2003. (See table 11.) Total
separations rose to 55 million in 2005, yielding an annual turnover rate of
41 percent. (See tables 13 and 14.) (The annual turnover rate is the number
of total separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average
employment.) The number of quits increased notably for the second year in
a row, reaching 31 million in 2005, while the quits rate rose to 23 percent
for the first time since 2001. (See tables 15 and 16.) In contrast, the
levels of layoffs and discharges were relatively flat over the past several
years at around 20 million per year, as was the level of other separations
at about and 3.7 million per year. (See tables 17 and 19.) The corresponding
rates for these measures also have shown little change since 2001. (See
table 18 and 20.)
For More Information
For additional information, please read the Technical Note or visit the
JOLTS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/jlt/. Additional information about
JOLTS also may be obtained by e-mailing Joltsinfo@bls.gov or by calling
(202) 691-5870.
______________________________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for February 2006 is
scheduled to be issued on Tuesday, April 11, 2006.
- 4 -
Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data
In accordance with annual practice, the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS) data have been revised to reflect annual
updates to the Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment
survey, employment estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not pub-
lished) are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the re-
sulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. This annual
benchmark process resulted in revisions to all not seasonally adjusted
JOLTS data series from April 2004 forward, the time period since the
last benchmark was established. Additionally, the seasonally adjusted
JOLTS data series have been recalculated from December 2000 forward to
reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Table B presents revisions to seasonally adjusted job openings data
for April 2004 forward, while table C presents revisions to hires data,
table D presents revisions to total separations data, and table E pre-
sents revisions to quits data. All revised historical seasonally ad-
justed and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data can be accessed through
the JOLTS homepage at http://www.bls.gov/jlt/.
Further information on the revisions released today may be obtained
by calling 202-691-5870 or via the Internet on the JOLTS homepage.
Table B. Revisions in job openings data, seasonally adjusted, April 2004-
December 2005
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2004 | | | | | |
April.....| 3,111 | 3,151 | 40 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0.0
May.......| 3,181 | 3,159 | -22 | 2.4 | 2.3 | -.1
June......| 3,140 | 3,160 | 20 | 2.3 | 2.3 | .0
July......| 3,231 | 3,276 | 45 | 2.4 | 2.4 | .0
August....| 3,206 | 3,277 | 71 | 2.4 | 2.4 | .0
September.| 3,265 | 3,326 | 61 | 2.4 | 2.5 | .1
October...| 3,300 | 3,370 | 70 | 2.4 | 2.5 | .1
November..| 3,277 | 3,262 | -15 | 2.4 | 2.4 | .0
December..| 3,507 | 3,405 | -102 | 2.6 | 2.5 | -.1
2005 | | | | | |
January...| 3,385 | 3,339 | -46 | 2.5 | 2.5 | .0
February..| 3,569 | 3,494 | -75 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .0
March.....| 3,598 | 3,658 | 60 | 2.6 | 2.7 | .1
April.....| 3,576 | 3,589 | 13 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .0
May.......| 3,416 | 3,364 | -52 | 2.5 | 2.5 | .0
June......| 3,647 | 3,598 | -49 | 2.7 | 2.6 | -.1
July......| 3,588 | 3,580 | -8 | 2.6 | 2.6 | .0
August....| 3,487 | 3,697 | 210 | 2.5 | 2.7 | .2
September.| 3,836 | 3,728 | -108 | 2.8 | 2.7 | -.1
October...| 3,937 | 3,867 | -70 | 2.9 | 2.8 | -.1
November..| 3,927 | 4,031 | 104 | 2.8 | 2.9 | .1
December..| 4,050 | 3,941 | -109 | 2.9 | 2.8 | -.1
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
- 5 -
Table C. Revisions in hires data, seasonally adjusted, April 2004 -
December 2005
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2004 | | | | | |
April.....| 4,509 | 4,553 | 44 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 0.1
May.......| 4,339 | 4,436 | 97 | 3.3 | 3.4 | .1
June......| 4,492 | 4,600 | 108 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1
July......| 4,297 | 4,371 | 74 | 3.3 | 3.3 | .0
August....| 4,504 | 4,591 | 87 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1
September.| 4,406 | 4,498 | 92 | 3.3 | 3.4 | .1
October...| 4,552 | 4,622 | 70 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1
November..| 4,990 | 5,021 | 31 | 3.8 | 3.8 | .0
December..| 4,639 | 4,796 | 157 | 3.5 | 3.6 | .1
2005 | | | | | |
January...| 4,709 | 4,840 | 131 | 3.6 | 3.7 | .1
February..| 4,760 | 4,832 | 72 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
March.....| 4,841 | 4,902 | 61 | 3.6 | 3.7 | .1
April.....| 4,538 | 4,574 | 36 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0
May.......| 4,740 | 4,778 | 38 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
June......| 4,694 | 4,807 | 113 | 3.5 | 3.6 | .1
July......| 4,649 | 4,727 | 78 | 3.5 | 3.5 | .0
August....| 4,601 | 4,824 | 223 | 3.4 | 3.6 | .2
September.| 4,719 | 4,748 | 29 | 3.5 | 3.5 | .0
October...| 4,650 | 4,822 | 172 | 3.5 | 3.6 | .1
November..| 4,641 | 4,813 | 172 | 3.5 | 3.6 | .1
December..| 4,507 | 4,694 | 187 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
- 6 -
Table D. Revisions in total separations data, seasonally adjusted, April 2004 -
December 2005
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2004 | | | | | |
April.....| 4,334 | 4,370 | 36 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 0.0
May.......| 4,254 | 4,272 | 18 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
June......| 4,235 | 4,324 | 89 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
July......| 4,190 | 4,291 | 101 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
August....| 4,271 | 4,337 | 66 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
September.| 4,214 | 4,375 | 161 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
October...| 4,215 | 4,420 | 205 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
November..| 4,266 | 4,323 | 57 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
December..| 4,435 | 4,590 | 155 | 3.3 | 3.5 | .2
2005 | | | | | |
January...| 4,352 | 4,540 | 188 | 3.3 | 3.4 | .1
February..| 4,295 | 4,481 | 186 | 3.2 | 3.4 | .2
March.....| 4,502 | 4,610 | 108 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1
April.....| 4,562 | 4,614 | 52 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1
May.......| 4,504 | 4,543 | 39 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0
June......| 4,477 | 4,590 | 113 | 3.4 | 3.4 | .0
July......| 4,270 | 4,464 | 194 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
August....| 4,499 | 4,633 | 134 | 3.4 | 3.5 | .1
September.| 4,779 | 4,798 | 19 | 3.6 | 3.6 | .0
October...| 4,331 | 4,359 | 28 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
November..| 4,315 | 4,476 | 161 | 3.2 | 3.3 | .1
December..| 4,133 | 4,359 | 226 | 3.1 | 3.2 | .1
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
- 7 -
Table E. Revisions in quits data, seasonally adjusted, April 2004 -
December 2005
_________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
Year |---------------------------------- |----------------------------------
and | As | As | | As | As |
month | previously | revised | Difference | previously | revised | Difference
| published | | | published | |
_________________________________________________________________________________
2004 | | | | | |
April.....| 2,302 | 2,323 | 21 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0.0
May.......| 2,276 | 2,277 | 1 | 1.7 | 1.7 | .0
June......| 2,330 | 2,386 | 56 | 1.8 | 1.8 | .0
July......| 2,340 | 2,414 | 74 | 1.8 | 1.8 | .0
August....| 2,288 | 2,307 | 19 | 1.7 | 1.8 | .1
September.| 2,291 | 2,298 | 7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | .0
October...| 2,344 | 2,415 | 71 | 1.8 | 1.8 | .0
November..| 2,436 | 2,418 | -18 | 1.8 | 1.8 | .0
December..| 2,495 | 2,517 | 22 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
2005 | | | | | |
January...| 2,530 | 2,554 | 24 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
February..| 2,307 | 2,325 | 18 | 1.7 | 1.8 | .1
March.....| 2,516 | 2,552 | 36 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
April.....| 2,520 | 2,586 | 66 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
May.......| 2,514 | 2,534 | 20 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
June......| 2,475 | 2,541 | 66 | 1.9 | 1.9 | .0
July......| 2,474 | 2,511 | 37 | 1.8 | 1.9 | .1
August....| 2,605 | 2,651 | 46 | 1.9 | 2.0 | .1
September.| 2,778 | 2,681 | -97 | 2.1 | 2.0 | -.1
October...| 2,578 | 2,619 | 41 | 1.9 | 2.0 | .1
November..| 2,587 | 2,683 | 96 | 1.9 | 2.0 | .1
December..| 2,470 | 2,567 | 97 | 1.8 | 1.9 | .1
__________|____________|_________|____________|____________|_________|___________
- 8 -
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) are
collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business establishments
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
Each month, data are collected in a survey of business establishments
for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Data collection methods include computer-assisted
telephone interviewing, touchtone data entry, fax, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such as
factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local
government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS). In order to ensure the highest possible
quality of data, State Workforce Agencies verify with employers and update,
if necessary, the industry code, location, and ownership classification of
all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment characteris-
tics resulting from the verification process are always introduced into the
JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or re-
ceived pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the reference
month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried,
and hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or
other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated businesses,
unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without pay or on strike for
the entire pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of tempo-
rary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the establish-
ment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for the
last business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that:
1) a specific position exists and there is work available for that posi-
tion, 2) work could start within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable
candidate is found, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside
the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time,
permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising in news-
papers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications,
or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions, or
recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start dates
more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have been hired
but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors,
or consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number
of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
- 9 -
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll occurring
at any time during the reference month, including both new and rehired em-
ployees, full-time and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal em-
ployees, employees recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more
than 7 days, on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after
having been formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The
hires count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies
or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The
hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and
multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and are
reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by employees (ex-
cept for retirements, which are reported as other separations). Lay-
offs and discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the em-
ployer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal layoffs
lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges resulting
from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other discharges
for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term employees, and
terminations of seasonal employees. Other separations include re-
tirements, transfers to other locations, deaths, and separations
due to disability. Separations do not include transfers within the
same location or employees on strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of separations
by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly, divid-
ing the number by employment and multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires, quits,
layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are released
with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges,
other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 12 published
monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are computed by dividing the an-
nual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average employ-
ment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be ap-
proximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the
JOLTS and CES annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the
annual estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual es-
timates will be published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last business
day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day of the month are
counted. For the same reason job openings cannot be cumulated throughout
each month, annual figures for job openings cannot be created by summing
the monthly estimates. Hires and separations are flow measures and are
cumulated over the month with a total reported for the month. Therefore,
the annual figures can be created by summing the monthly estimates.
- 10 -
Sample methodology
The JOLTS sample design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm business
establishments, including factories, offices, and stores, as well as
federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states and the District
of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over eight
million establishments compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly
Census of Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program. This program includes
all employers subject to state Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal
agencies subject to Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector,
and size class. Large firms fall into the sample with virtual certainty.
JOLTS total employment estimates are controlled to the employment estimates
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS
employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
Rates are then computed from the adjusted levels.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are rel-
atively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one panel
enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the original data
series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system
was not completely enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The supple-
mental panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not
completely enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those
points are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from earlier
months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting
data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and separations data
were revised to address possible underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires
and separations estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be compar-
able with estimates for March 2002 and later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring approx-
imately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland Security is not
reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations estimates for the federal gov-
ernment. The Office of Personnel Management's record shows these transfers
were completed in March 2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS defi-
nitions of hires and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of
workers between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security reorgan-
ization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of these intergovern-
mental transfers would distort the federal government time series.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12-ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school year.
Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes in
the level of the series, particularly those associated with general
economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent seasonal adjust-
ment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are
calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including
the data for the current month.
- 11 -
Data users should note that seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series is
conducted with fewer data observations than is customary. The historical
data, therefore, may be subject to larger than normal revisions. Since the
seasonal patterns in economic data series typically emerge over time, the
standard use of moving averages as seasonal filters to capture these effects
requires longer series than are currently available. As a result, the stable
seasonal filter option is used in the seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS data.
When calculating seasonal factors, this filter takes an average for each cal-
endar month after detrending the series. The stable seasonal filter assumes
that the seasonal factors are fixed; a necessary assumption until sufficient
data are available. When the stable seasonal filter is no longer needed,
other program features also may be introduced, such as outlier adjustment
and extended diagnostic testing. Additionally, it is expected that more
series, such as layoffs and discharges and additional industries, may be
seasonally adjusted when more data are available.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a
chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population
values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is
a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true"
population value because of sampling error. Estimates of sampling errors
are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling
error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to include a seg-
ment of the population, the inability to obtain data from all units in the
sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection
or processing of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark data
used in estimation.
JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to exactly ex-
plain net changes in nonfarm payroll employment. Some reasons why it is
problematic to compare changes in payroll employment with JOLTS hires and
separations, especially on a monthly basis, are: 1) the reference period
for payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the month,
while the reference period for hires and separations is the calendar month;
and 2) payroll employment can vary from month to month simply because part-
time and on-call workers may not always work during the pay period that in-
cludes the 12th of the month. Additionally, research has found that some
reporters systematically underreport separations relative to hires due to a
number of factors, including the nature of their payroll systems and prac-
tices. The shortfall appears to be about 2 percent or less over a 12-month
period.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p
Total(4)............................... 3,339 3,697 3,728 3,867 4,031 3,941 3,916 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 2,968 3,239 3,285 3,460 3,604 3,509 3,486 2.6 2.8 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0
Construction......................... 132 133 152 148 146 170 129 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.7
Manufacturing........................ 263 256 285 297 333 313 300 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 547 637 629 654 696 661 661 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5
Professional and business services... 610 687 671 723 782 750 788 3.5 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.2 4.4
Education and health services........ 574 620 630 613 601 618 604 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3
Leisure and hospitality.............. 435 426 431 498 519 522 534 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.9 3.9 4.0
Government............................ 373 459 443 416 434 435 432 1.7 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9
REGION (5)
Northeast............................ 573 617 661 704 704 718 728 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8
South................................ 1,301 1,442 1,451 1,515 1,562 1,612 1,539 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.1
Midwest.............................. 710 724 760 762 748 738 748 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3
West................................. 744 925 890 873 1,046 919 886 2.5 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.4 3.0 2.9
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the
JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p
Total(4)............................... 4,840 4,824 4,748 4,822 4,813 4,694 4,768 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 4,499 4,489 4,418 4,488 4,498 4,397 4,439 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9
Construction......................... 387 446 436 430 393 426 356 5.4 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.3 5.8 4.8
Manufacturing........................ 310 346 346 449 335 307 371 2.2 2.4 2.4 3.2 2.4 2.2 2.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 1,092 1,043 983 967 954 1,011 1,151 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.4
Professional and business services... 883 900 904 849 907 849 903 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.0 5.3 5.0 5.3
Education and health services........ 470 468 468 460 459 467 440 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.5
Leisure and hospitality.............. 851 818 836 859 895 853 776 6.7 6.4 6.5 6.7 6.9 6.6 6.0
Government............................ 341 342 314 319 314 293 330 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.5
REGION (5)
Northeast............................ 765 805 796 744 747 698 730 3.1 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.9
South................................ 1,857 1,870 1,842 1,886 1,813 1,817 1,903 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0
Midwest.............................. 1,160 955 965 1,017 1,031 1,038 1,004 3.8 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2
West................................. 1,026 1,186 1,139 1,154 1,188 1,127 1,092 3.5 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.7
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the
JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p
Total(4)............................... 4,540 4,633 4,798 4,359 4,476 4,359 4,304 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 4,276 4,377 4,503 4,103 4,205 4,067 3,998 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5
Construction......................... 465 454 423 392 371 348 365 6.5 6.2 5.8 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.9
Manufacturing........................ 371 392 437 340 388 355 347 2.6 2.8 3.1 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 964 1,036 1,000 935 1,003 1,027 890 3.7 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.4
Professional and business services... 809 754 856 757 753 735 845 4.9 4.5 5.0 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.9
Education and health services........ 362 434 433 404 418 400 357 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.0
Leisure and hospitality.............. 831 815 871 798 834 843 834 6.6 6.3 6.8 6.2 6.5 6.5 6.5
Government............................ 256 265 302 255 270 270 311 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.4
REGION (5)
Northeast............................ 799 772 797 657 619 685 714 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.8
South................................ 1,759 1,692 1,779 1,710 1,711 1,759 1,656 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.4
Midwest.............................. 1,040 1,053 1,065 961 1,081 934 986 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.1
West................................. 1,006 1,140 1,127 1,012 1,004 997 1,007 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the
JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan.
2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2006p
Total(4)............................... 2,554 2,651 2,681 2,619 2,683 2,567 2,628 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)...................... 2,429 2,517 2,529 2,470 2,540 2,428 2,484 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2
Construction......................... 172 208 210 205 183 189 185 2.4 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.5
Manufacturing........................ 183 186 213 200 210 184 193 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities. 599 640 566 573 606 634 563 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.2
Professional and business services... 398 387 448 345 359 365 452 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.6
Education and health services........ 243 275 283 258 277 254 238 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4
Leisure and hospitality.............. 511 543 557 597 595 558 575 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.4
Government............................ 127 132 154 142 142 139 147 .6 .6 .7 .6 .6 .6 .7
REGION (5)
Northeast............................ 421 410 361 341 333 390 381 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5
South................................ 1,055 1,094 1,125 1,109 1,102 1,069 1,078 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2
Midwest.............................. 543 544 574 552 572 481 593 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.9
West................................. 552 611 627 601 657 618 589 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.0
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4 Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the
JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2006p
Total........................................... 3,088 3,444 3,622 2.3 2.5 2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,741 3,042 3,220 2.5 2.6 2.8
Natural resources and mining.................. 10 9 9 1.7 1.4 1.4
Construction.................................. 108 122 106 1.6 1.6 1.5
Manufacturing................................. 249 265 284 1.7 1.8 2.0
Durable goods................................ 171 184 204 1.9 2.0 2.2
Nondurable goods............................. 77 82 81 1.5 1.5 1.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 466 519 563 1.8 1.9 2.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 103 104 99 1.8 1.8 1.7
Retail trade................................. 278 315 353 1.8 1.9 2.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 85 100 111 1.7 2.0 2.2
Information................................... 85 95 114 2.7 3.0 3.6
Financial activities.......................... 198 291 287 2.4 3.4 3.4
Finance and insurance........................ 170 235 217 2.8 3.7 3.5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 28 56 70 1.3 2.6 3.2
Professional and business services............ 561 673 726 3.3 3.8 4.2
Education and health services................. 547 580 574 3.1 3.2 3.2
Educational services......................... 45 63 57 1.6 2.1 2.0
Health care and social assistance............ 501 517 517 3.4 3.4 3.4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 393 407 483 3.2 3.1 3.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 56 34 53 3.3 1.9 3.0
Accommodations and food services............. 336 373 430 3.1 3.3 3.9
Other services................................ 125 80 74 2.3 1.5 1.4
Government..................................... 347 401 402 1.6 1.8 1.8
Federal....................................... 33 40 41 1.2 1.4 1.5
State and local............................... 314 362 362 1.6 1.8 1.9
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 513 588 652 2.0 2.3 2.5
South......................................... 1,243 1,405 1,471 2.6 2.8 3.0
Midwest....................................... 640 634 674 2.1 2.0 2.1
West.......................................... 692 816 824 2.3 2.7 2.7
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics
employment estimates.
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2006p
Total........................................... 4,095 3,479 4,034 3.1 2.6 3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,787 3,285 3,736 3.5 2.9 3.4
Natural resources and mining.................. 24 14 13 4.0 2.2 2.0
Construction.................................. 300 259 276 4.5 3.6 3.9
Manufacturing................................. 312 211 372 2.2 1.5 2.6
Durable goods................................ 216 126 213 2.4 1.4 2.4
Nondurable goods............................. 96 84 159 1.8 1.6 3.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 797 834 840 3.1 3.1 3.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 151 93 97 2.7 1.6 1.7
Retail trade................................. 462 555 530 3.1 3.5 3.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 184 186 214 3.8 3.8 4.4
Information................................... 58 61 62 1.9 2.0 2.0
Financial activities.......................... 196 135 174 2.4 1.6 2.1
Finance and insurance........................ 128 97 128 2.1 1.6 2.1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 68 38 47 3.3 1.8 2.2
Professional and business services............ 830 660 850 5.1 3.9 5.1
Education and health services................. 434 340 406 2.5 1.9 2.3
Educational services......................... 52 43 58 1.9 1.5 2.1
Health care and social assistance............ 382 297 348 2.7 2.0 2.4
Leisure and hospitality....................... 637 636 581 5.3 5.1 4.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 116 72 68 7.1 4.1 4.1
Accommodations and food services............. 521 564 513 5.0 5.2 4.8
Other services................................ 199 134 162 3.7 2.5 3.0
Government..................................... 308 195 297 1.4 .9 1.4
Federal....................................... 34 34 45 1.2 1.3 1.7
State and local............................... 274 161 252 1.5 .8 1.3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 603 487 575 2.5 1.9 2.3
South......................................... 1,659 1,370 1,700 3.6 2.8 3.6
Midwest....................................... 967 723 836 3.2 2.3 2.7
West.......................................... 866 899 922 3.0 3.0 3.1
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics
employment estimates.
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2006p
Total........................................... 4,492 4,140 4,259 3.4 3.1 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,281 3,910 4,002 3.9 3.5 3.6
Natural resources and mining.................. 24 16 15 4.1 2.5 2.4
Construction.................................. 485 387 381 7.3 5.3 5.4
Manufacturing................................. 362 318 339 2.6 2.2 2.4
Durable goods................................ 231 195 181 2.6 2.2 2.0
Nondurable goods............................. 131 123 157 2.5 2.3 3.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 1,082 1,117 1,000 4.2 4.2 3.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 119 133 93 2.1 2.3 1.6
Retail trade................................. 827 745 769 5.5 4.7 5.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 136 239 137 2.8 4.8 2.8
Information................................... 75 62 82 2.5 2.0 2.7
Financial activities.......................... 217 164 173 2.7 2.0 2.1
Finance and insurance........................ 128 104 113 2.2 1.7 1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 88 60 60 4.3 2.8 2.8
Professional and business services............ 764 700 798 4.7 4.1 4.8
Education and health services................. 353 346 348 2.1 2.0 2.0
Educational services......................... 39 45 36 1.4 1.5 1.3
Health care and social assistance............ 314 300 312 2.2 2.0 2.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 734 691 736 6.1 5.5 6.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 72 99 66 4.4 5.7 3.9
Accommodations and food services............. 662 592 671 6.3 5.5 6.3
Other services................................ 184 109 131 3.5 2.0 2.5
Government..................................... 211 230 257 1.0 1.0 1.2
Federal....................................... 37 43 59 1.4 1.6 2.2
State and local............................... 174 187 198 .9 1.0 1.0
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 766 694 685 3.1 2.7 2.7
South......................................... 1,683 1,607 1,584 3.6 3.3 3.3
Midwest....................................... 1,032 895 977 3.4 2.8 3.2
West.......................................... 1,012 944 1,013 3.5 3.2 3.5
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics
employment estimates.
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2006p
Total........................................... 2,262 2,111 2,328 1.7 1.6 1.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,155 2,004 2,204 2.0 1.8 2.0
Natural resources and mining.................. 9 6 9 1.6 .9 1.4
Construction.................................. 134 150 148 2.0 2.1 2.1
Manufacturing................................. 156 129 165 1.1 .9 1.2
Durable goods................................ 95 80 98 1.1 .9 1.1
Nondurable goods............................. 61 49 67 1.2 .9 1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 558 564 524 2.2 2.1 2.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 65 56 52 1.2 1.0 .9
Retail trade................................. 421 423 407 2.8 2.7 2.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 71 85 65 1.5 1.7 1.3
Information................................... 45 37 57 1.5 1.2 1.9
Financial activities.......................... 112 91 96 1.4 1.1 1.2
Finance and insurance........................ 64 61 72 1.1 1.0 1.2
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 47 30 24 2.3 1.4 1.1
Professional and business services............ 353 301 401 2.2 1.8 2.4
Education and health services................. 224 222 220 1.3 1.3 1.3
Educational services......................... 22 21 21 .8 .7 .8
Health care and social assistance............ 202 201 198 1.4 1.4 1.3
Leisure and hospitality....................... 454 441 510 3.8 3.5 4.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 28 39 33 1.7 2.2 1.9
Accommodations and food services............. 426 402 478 4.1 3.7 4.5
Other services................................ 109 63 75 2.0 1.2 1.4
Government..................................... 107 108 123 .5 .5 .6
Federal....................................... 12 16 24 .5 .6 .9
State and local............................... 95 91 100 .5 .5 .5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 352 315 319 1.4 1.2 1.3
South......................................... 931 873 951 2.0 1.8 2.0
Midwest....................................... 484 402 529 1.6 1.3 1.7
West.......................................... 495 523 528 1.7 1.7 1.8
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics
employment estimates.
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2006p
Total........................................... 1,908 1,674 1,549 1.5 1.2 1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,857 1,600 1,477 1.7 1.4 1.3
Natural resources and mining.................. 8 8 4 1.3 1.2 .6
Construction.................................. 340 226 215 5.1 3.1 3.1
Manufacturing................................. 174 147 140 1.2 1.0 1.0
Durable goods................................ 115 83 65 1.3 .9 .7
Nondurable goods............................. 59 64 75 1.1 1.2 1.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 462 474 400 1.8 1.8 1.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 44 71 34 .8 1.2 .6
Retail trade................................. 367 274 318 2.4 1.7 2.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 50 129 49 1.0 2.6 1.0
Information................................... 26 14 10 .9 .4 .3
Financial activities.......................... 81 53 62 1.0 .6 .8
Finance and insurance........................ 44 25 35 .7 .4 .6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 37 28 27 1.8 1.3 1.3
Professional and business services............ 360 352 285 2.2 2.1 1.7
Education and health services................. 102 92 106 .6 .5 .6
Educational services......................... 13 22 12 .5 .8 .4
Health care and social assistance............ 89 70 94 .6 .5 .6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 236 195 205 2.0 1.6 1.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 40 57 30 2.5 3.3 1.8
Accommodations and food services............. 195 138 175 1.9 1.3 1.6
Other services................................ 68 39 50 1.3 .7 .9
Government..................................... 52 75 73 .2 .3 .3
Federal....................................... 7 19 11 .3 .7 .4
State and local............................... 45 56 62 .2 .3 .3
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 358 331 297 1.5 1.3 1.2
South......................................... 656 613 514 1.4 1.3 1.1
Midwest....................................... 467 407 330 1.5 1.3 1.1
West.......................................... 428 323 408 1.5 1.1 1.4
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics
employment estimates.
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Dec. Jan.
2005 2005 2006p 2005 2005 2006p
Total........................................... 322 355 382 0.2 0.3 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 269 307 321 .2 .3 .3
Natural resources and mining.................. 7 2 2 1.1 .3 .4
Construction.................................. 10 11 18 .1 .1 .3
Manufacturing................................. 32 42 34 .2 .3 .2
Durable goods................................ 21 32 19 .2 .4 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 11 10 15 .2 .2 .3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 63 79 75 .2 .3 .3
Wholesale trade.............................. 10 6 8 .2 .1 .1
Retail trade................................. 38 48 45 .3 .3 .3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 15 25 23 .3 .5 .5
Information................................... 4 11 15 .1 .4 .5
Financial activities.......................... 24 20 15 .3 .2 .2
Finance and insurance........................ 20 19 6 .3 .3 .1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 4 2 9 .2 .1 .4
Professional and business services............ 50 47 112 .3 .3 .7
Education and health services................. 27 32 22 .2 .2 .1
Educational services......................... 4 2 2 .2 .1 .1
Health care and social assistance............ 23 30 20 .2 .2 .1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 44 55 21 .4 .4 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 4 3 3 .3 .2 .2
Accommodations and food services............. 40 52 18 .4 .5 .2
Other services................................ 7 7 6 .1 .1 .1
Government..................................... 53 48 61 .2 .2 .3
Federal....................................... 18 9 25 .7 .3 .9
State and local............................... 35 39 36 .2 .2 .2
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 56 48 69 .2 .2 .3
South......................................... 96 121 119 .2 .3 .3
Midwest....................................... 81 87 119 .3 .3 .4
West.......................................... 88 99 76 .3 .3 .3
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 5, table 1.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics
employment estimates.
Table 11. Annual hires levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total........................................... 54,578 49,718 49,294 54,721 57,353
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 50,401 45,673 45,620 50,858 53,432
Natural resources and mining.................. 221 219 216 229 273
Construction.................................. 4,501 4,421 4,580 4,677 5,057
Manufacturing................................. 4,130 4,062 3,861 4,316 4,111
Durable goods................................ 2,239 2,356 2,389 2,718 2,576
Nondurable goods............................. 1,890 1,704 1,470 1,598 1,533
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 11,984 10,517 10,389 11,988 12,268
Wholesale trade.............................. 1,711 1,556 1,481 1,702 1,717
Retail trade................................. 8,621 7,557 7,423 8,392 8,512
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 1,651 1,406 1,489 1,893 2,040
Information................................... 967 799 748 792 916
Financial activities.......................... 2,207 2,002 2,031 2,292 2,287
Finance and insurance........................ 1,444 1,253 1,209 1,354 1,429
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 763 749 820 939 863
Professional and business services............ 8,521 7,758 7,842 9,416 10,597
Education and health services................. 5,484 5,133 5,164 5,253 5,613
Educational services......................... 686 587 726 713 723
Health care and social assistance............ 4,798 4,544 4,439 4,541 4,891
Leisure and hospitality....................... 10,397 8,868 8,628 9,670 9,906
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1,543 1,383 1,349 1,495 1,512
Accommodations and food services............. 8,854 7,484 7,281 8,173 8,392
Other services................................ 1,992 1,899 2,160 2,223 2,402
Government..................................... 4,177 4,043 3,674 3,863 3,920
Federal....................................... 513 617 476 464 488
State and local............................... 3,667 3,426 3,197 3,399 3,433
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 9,102 7,900 8,687 9,745 9,501
South......................................... 20,335 19,079 18,705 20,998 21,937
Midwest....................................... 13,439 11,561 10,666 11,931 12,474
West.......................................... 11,703 11,179 11,236 12,048 13,441
1 The annual hires level is the total number of hires during the entire year.
2 See footnote 5, table 1.
Table 12. Annual hires rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total........................................... 41.4 38.1 37.9 41.6 43.0
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 45.5 42.0 42.1 46.3 47.9
Natural resources and mining.................. 36.5 37.6 37.8 38.7 43.7
Construction.................................. 65.9 65.8 68.0 67.0 69.5
Manufacturing................................. 25.1 26.6 26.6 30.2 28.9
Durable goods................................ 21.7 24.8 26.7 30.5 28.8
Nondurable goods............................. 30.9 29.5 26.5 29.6 29.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 46.1 41.2 41.1 47.0 47.4
Wholesale trade.............................. 29.6 27.5 26.4 30.1 29.9
Retail trade................................. 56.6 50.3 49.8 55.7 55.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 33.2 29.2 31.3 39.3 41.6
Information................................... 26.6 23.5 23.5 25.4 29.9
Financial activities.......................... 28.3 25.5 25.5 28.5 28.1
Finance and insurance........................ 25.0 21.5 20.4 22.8 23.8
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 37.5 36.9 39.9 45.1 40.5
Professional and business services............ 51.7 48.6 49.1 57.4 62.8
Education and health services................. 35.1 31.7 31.1 31.0 32.4
Educational services......................... 27.3 22.2 26.9 25.8 25.6
Health care and social assistance............ 36.5 33.5 32.0 32.0 33.7
Leisure and hospitality....................... 86.4 74.0 70.9 77.4 77.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 84.6 77.6 74.4 80.8 80.0
Accommodations and food services............. 86.7 73.4 70.3 76.8 76.9
Other services................................ 37.9 35.3 40.0 41.1 44.6
Government..................................... 19.8 18.8 17.0 17.9 18.0
Federal....................................... 18.6 22.3 17.2 17.0 17.9
State and local............................... 20.0 18.3 17.0 18.0 18.0
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 36.2 31.7 34.9 39.2 37.8
South......................................... 43.7 41.4 40.7 44.9 46.0
Midwest....................................... 42.9 37.4 34.7 38.8 40.1
West.......................................... 40.7 39.3 39.6 41.5 45.5
1 The annual hires rate is the number of hires during the entire year as a percent of
annual average employment.
2 See footnote 5, table 1.
Table 13. Annual total separations levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total........................................... 54,556 49,597 48,294 51,779 54,530
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 51,406 46,454 45,136 48,479 51,295
Natural resources and mining.................. 233 229 218 216 218
Construction.................................. 4,794 4,531 4,555 4,638 4,787
Manufacturing................................. 6,177 5,121 4,350 4,255 4,502
Durable goods................................ 3,800 3,148 2,709 2,661 2,875
Nondurable goods............................. 2,378 1,972 1,641 1,591 1,627
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 12,324 11,108 10,682 11,704 11,956
Wholesale trade.............................. 1,820 1,777 1,647 1,720 1,594
Retail trade................................. 8,725 7,750 7,378 8,177 8,407
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 1,778 1,584 1,657 1,810 1,953
Information................................... 1,181 960 796 927 898
Financial activities.......................... 2,147 2,099 1,899 2,161 2,110
Finance and insurance........................ 1,369 1,330 1,162 1,339 1,354
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 776 772 738 824 755
Professional and business services............ 7,858 7,078 7,362 8,568 9,767
Education and health services................. 4,779 4,570 4,500 4,710 4,970
Educational services......................... 489 566 627 594 641
Health care and social assistance............ 4,292 4,001 3,874 4,118 4,328
Leisure and hospitality....................... 9,939 8,737 8,589 9,012 9,705
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1,370 1,370 1,334 1,493 1,473
Accommodations and food services............. 8,570 7,366 7,257 7,520 8,232
Other services................................ 1,977 2,024 2,185 2,285 2,380
Government..................................... 3,150 3,144 3,158 3,298 3,238
Federal....................................... 403 409 468 414 431
State and local............................... 2,745 2,734 2,688 2,888 2,807
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 9,053 8,136 8,283 9,169 8,969
South......................................... 19,710 18,752 18,579 19,356 20,677
Midwest....................................... 13,856 11,307 10,596 11,378 12,239
West.......................................... 11,936 11,403 10,836 11,878 12,649
1 The annual total separations level is the total number of total separations during the
entire year.
2 See footnote 5, table 1.
Table 14. Annual total separations rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total........................................... 41.4 38.1 37.1 39.4 40.9
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 46.4 42.7 41.6 44.1 45.9
Natural resources and mining.................. 38.4 39.3 38.1 36.5 34.9
Construction.................................. 70.2 67.5 67.6 66.5 65.8
Manufacturing................................. 37.6 33.6 30.0 29.7 31.6
Durable goods................................ 36.8 33.2 30.2 29.8 32.1
Nondurable goods............................. 38.9 34.1 29.6 29.5 30.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 47.4 43.6 42.2 45.8 46.1
Wholesale trade.............................. 31.5 31.4 29.4 30.4 27.7
Retail trade................................. 57.3 51.6 49.5 54.3 55.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 35.8 32.9 34.8 37.6 39.8
Information................................... 32.5 28.3 25.0 29.7 29.3
Financial activities.......................... 27.5 26.7 23.8 26.9 25.9
Finance and insurance........................ 23.7 22.9 19.6 22.5 22.5
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 38.1 38.0 35.9 39.6 35.5
Professional and business services............ 47.7 44.3 46.0 52.3 57.9
Education and health services................. 30.5 28.2 27.1 27.8 28.7
Educational services......................... 19.5 21.4 23.3 21.5 22.7
Health care and social assistance............ 32.7 29.5 27.9 29.0 29.8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 82.6 72.9 70.6 72.1 75.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 75.1 76.8 73.6 80.7 77.9
Accommodations and food services............. 83.9 72.2 70.0 70.7 75.4
Other services................................ 37.6 37.7 40.5 42.2 44.2
Government..................................... 14.9 14.6 14.6 15.3 14.9
Federal....................................... 14.6 14.8 17.0 15.2 15.8
State and local............................... 15.0 14.6 14.3 15.3 14.7
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 36.0 32.6 33.3 36.9 35.7
South......................................... 42.3 40.7 40.4 41.3 43.4
Midwest....................................... 44.2 36.6 34.4 37.0 39.3
West.......................................... 41.5 40.1 38.2 41.0 42.8
1 The annual total separations rate is the number of total separations during the
entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 5, table 1.
Table 15. Annual quits levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total........................................... 30,817 26,833 24,881 27,939 30,875
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 29,127 25,282 23,452 26,375 29,276
Natural resources and mining.................. 103 87 83 98 111
Construction.................................. 1,869 1,657 1,563 1,766 2,064
Manufacturing................................. 2,463 2,142 1,870 2,140 2,264
Durable goods................................ 1,423 1,271 1,161 1,322 1,400
Nondurable goods............................. 1,042 870 712 815 865
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 7,499 6,401 5,738 6,581 7,112
Wholesale trade.............................. 979 918 845 881 865
Retail trade................................. 5,591 4,730 4,229 4,927 5,341
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 929 756 664 772 905
Information................................... 682 496 440 499 590
Financial activities.......................... 1,259 1,177 1,103 1,315 1,267
Finance and insurance........................ 830 767 666 814 850
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 428 410 436 499 412
Professional and business services............ 4,293 3,679 3,453 4,085 4,786
Education and health services................. 3,184 2,835 2,723 2,933 3,233
Educational services......................... 282 312 293 304 357
Health care and social assistance............ 2,905 2,526 2,427 2,630 2,876
Leisure and hospitality....................... 6,647 5,605 5,309 5,554 6,371
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 609 619 537 505 611
Accommodations and food services............. 6,038 4,989 4,775 5,049 5,761
Other services................................ 1,128 1,200 1,176 1,402 1,472
Government..................................... 1,690 1,553 1,428 1,562 1,601
Federal....................................... 254 209 194 163 183
State and local............................... 1,436 1,343 1,234 1,397 1,421
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 4,929 3,971 3,660 4,104 4,553
South......................................... 11,783 10,708 10,200 11,304 12,528
Midwest....................................... 7,727 6,057 5,467 6,034 6,545
West.......................................... 6,380 6,097 5,552 6,495 7,250
1 The annual quits level is the total number of quits during the entire year.
2 See footnote 5, table 1.
Table 16. Annual quits rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total........................................... 23.4 20.6 19.1 21.3 23.1
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 26.3 23.2 21.6 24.0 26.2
Natural resources and mining.................. 17.0 14.9 14.5 16.6 17.8
Construction.................................. 27.4 24.7 23.2 25.3 28.4
Manufacturing................................. 15.0 14.0 12.9 14.9 15.9
Durable goods................................ 13.8 13.4 13.0 14.8 15.6
Nondurable goods............................. 17.1 15.1 12.8 15.1 16.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 28.9 25.1 22.7 25.8 27.5
Wholesale trade.............................. 17.0 16.2 15.1 15.6 15.0
Retail trade................................. 36.7 31.5 28.4 32.7 35.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 18.7 15.7 13.9 16.0 18.5
Information................................... 18.8 14.6 13.8 16.0 19.2
Financial activities.......................... 16.1 15.0 13.8 16.4 15.6
Finance and insurance........................ 14.4 13.2 11.2 13.7 14.1
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 21.0 20.2 21.2 24.0 19.4
Professional and business services............ 26.1 23.0 21.6 24.9 28.3
Education and health services................. 20.4 17.5 16.4 17.3 18.6
Educational services......................... 11.2 11.8 10.9 11.0 12.7
Health care and social assistance............ 22.1 18.6 17.5 18.5 19.8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 55.2 46.8 43.6 44.5 49.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 33.4 34.7 29.6 27.3 32.3
Accommodations and food services............. 59.1 48.9 46.1 47.4 52.8
Other services................................ 21.5 22.3 21.8 25.9 27.3
Government..................................... 8.0 7.2 6.6 7.2 7.3
Federal....................................... 9.2 7.6 7.0 6.0 6.7
State and local............................... 7.8 7.2 6.6 7.4 7.4
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 19.6 15.9 14.7 16.5 18.1
South......................................... 25.3 23.3 22.2 24.1 26.3
Midwest....................................... 24.7 19.6 17.8 19.6 21.0
West.......................................... 22.2 21.4 19.6 22.4 24.5
1 The annual quits rate is the number of quits during the entire year as a percent of
annual average employment.
2 See footnote 5, table 1.
Table 17. Annual layoffs and discharges levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total........................................... 19,954 19,023 19,746 20,153 19,923
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 19,048 18,057 18,628 19,048 18,886
Natural resources and mining.................. 107 103 95 70 71
Construction.................................. 2,697 2,705 2,827 2,677 2,530
Manufacturing................................. 3,186 2,555 2,073 1,799 1,780
Durable goods................................ 1,995 1,600 1,285 1,129 1,128
Nondurable goods............................. 1,197 956 788 673 650
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 4,147 3,944 4,151 4,315 4,121
Wholesale trade.............................. 727 733 666 706 632
Retail trade................................. 2,713 2,534 2,691 2,750 2,624
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 706 674 791 860 866
Information................................... 415 394 306 360 222
Financial activities.......................... 645 723 576 605 663
Finance and insurance........................ 347 409 329 321 350
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 298 313 247 283 315
Professional and business services............ 3,012 2,771 3,367 3,922 4,315
Education and health services................. 1,226 1,369 1,428 1,441 1,407
Educational services......................... 150 209 285 251 239
Health care and social assistance............ 1,076 1,161 1,143 1,191 1,166
Leisure and hospitality....................... 2,924 2,804 2,941 3,116 3,013
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 728 725 771 957 844
Accommodations and food services............. 2,197 2,077 2,173 2,160 2,170
Other services................................ 685 686 860 740 764
Government..................................... 907 967 1,120 1,102 1,040
Federal....................................... 61 117 164 111 120
State and local............................... 846 849 954 994 919
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 3,425 3,447 3,899 4,282 3,787
South......................................... 6,566 6,726 7,065 6,741 6,893
Midwest....................................... 5,121 4,394 4,336 4,558 4,787
West.......................................... 4,843 4,455 4,450 4,573 4,458
1 The annual layoffs and discharges level is the total number of layoffs and discharges
during the entire year.
2 See footnote 5, table 1.
Table 18. Annual layoffs and discharges rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total........................................... 15.1 14.6 15.2 15.3 14.9
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 17.2 16.6 17.2 17.3 16.9
Natural resources and mining.................. 17.7 17.7 16.6 11.8 11.4
Construction.................................. 39.5 40.3 42.0 38.4 34.8
Manufacturing................................. 19.4 16.7 14.3 12.6 12.5
Durable goods................................ 19.3 16.9 14.3 12.7 12.6
Nondurable goods............................. 19.6 16.6 14.2 12.5 12.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 16.0 15.5 16.4 16.9 15.9
Wholesale trade.............................. 12.6 13.0 11.9 12.5 11.0
Retail trade................................. 17.8 16.9 18.0 18.3 17.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 14.2 14.0 16.6 17.9 17.7
Information................................... 11.4 11.6 9.6 11.5 7.2
Financial activities.......................... 8.3 9.2 7.2 7.5 8.1
Finance and insurance........................ 6.0 7.0 5.6 5.4 5.8
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 14.6 15.4 12.0 13.6 14.8
Professional and business services............ 18.3 17.3 21.1 23.9 25.6
Education and health services................. 7.8 8.5 8.6 8.5 8.1
Educational services......................... 6.0 7.9 10.6 9.1 8.5
Health care and social assistance............ 8.2 8.6 8.2 8.4 8.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 24.3 23.4 24.2 24.9 23.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 39.9 40.7 42.5 51.7 44.7
Accommodations and food services............. 21.5 20.4 21.0 20.3 19.9
Other services................................ 13.0 12.8 15.9 13.7 14.2
Government..................................... 4.3 4.5 5.2 5.1 4.8
Federal....................................... 2.2 4.2 5.9 4.1 4.4
State and local............................... 4.6 4.5 5.1 5.3 4.8
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 13.6 13.8 15.7 17.2 15.1
South......................................... 14.1 14.6 15.4 14.4 14.5
Midwest....................................... 16.3 14.2 14.1 14.8 15.4
West.......................................... 16.8 15.7 15.7 15.8 15.1
1 The annual layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during
the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 5, table 1.
Table 19. Annual other separations levels(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total........................................... 3,784 3,742 3,666 3,689 3,734
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,231 3,116 3,055 3,056 3,135
Natural resources and mining.................. 24 39 43 45 37
Construction.................................. 227 170 165 198 192
Manufacturing................................. 528 423 406 315 457
Durable goods................................ 386 277 263 210 346
Nondurable goods............................. 143 147 144 104 111
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 677 762 795 810 720
Wholesale trade.............................. 115 125 132 130 98
Retail trade................................. 420 484 458 501 441
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 141 152 203 178 183
Information................................... 84 69 50 65 86
Financial activities.......................... 240 201 223 243 184
Finance and insurance........................ 193 153 167 202 155
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 50 49 56 41 28
Professional and business services............ 551 627 543 562 665
Education and health services................. 365 361 351 333 328
Educational services......................... 57 49 48 38 43
Health care and social assistance............ 311 315 303 294 286
Leisure and hospitality....................... 369 326 340 342 320
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 35 29 30 32 22
Accommodations and food services............. 331 298 311 308 298
Other services................................ 166 135 148 147 146
Government..................................... 553 623 610 634 598
Federal....................................... 88 86 109 138 131
State and local............................... 464 539 500 495 468
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 700 719 724 786 630
South......................................... 1,360 1,319 1,313 1,310 1,255
Midwest....................................... 1,011 854 793 784 907
West.......................................... 714 853 838 810 941
1 The annual other separations level is the total number of other separations during the
entire year.
2 See footnote 5, table 1.
Table 20. Annual other separations rates(1) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Rates
Industry and region 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Total........................................... 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8
Natural resources and mining.................. 4.0 6.7 7.5 7.6 5.9
Construction.................................. 3.3 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.6
Manufacturing................................. 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.2 3.2
Durable goods................................ 3.7 2.9 2.9 2.4 3.9
Nondurable goods............................. 2.3 2.5 2.6 1.9 2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 2.6 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.3 1.7
Retail trade................................. 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.3 2.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 2.8 3.2 4.3 3.7 3.7
Information................................... 2.3 2.0 1.6 2.1 2.8
Financial activities.......................... 3.1 2.6 2.8 3.0 2.3
Finance and insurance........................ 3.3 2.6 2.8 3.4 2.6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.0 1.3
Professional and business services............ 3.3 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.9
Education and health services................. 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9
Educational services......................... 2.3 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.5
Health care and social assistance............ 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0
Leisure and hospitality....................... 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.2
Accommodations and food services............. 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.7
Other services................................ 3.2 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.7
Government..................................... 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.7
Federal....................................... 3.2 3.1 3.9 5.1 4.8
State and local............................... 2.5 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.5
REGION (2)
Northeast..................................... 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.5
South......................................... 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.6
Midwest....................................... 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.9
West.......................................... 2.5 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.2
1 The annual other separations rate is the number of other separations during the
entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
2 See footnote 5, table 1.