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Work Injuries in the United States During 1949 A Collection of Basic Work-Injury Data for Each of the Major Industries in the United States Estimates of Disabling Work Injuries Injury-Frequency Rates Injury-Severity Measures Changes in Injuries and Injury Rates Bulletin No. 1025 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Maurice J. Tobin, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner Work Injuries in the United States During 1949 Bulletin No. 1025 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Maurice J. Tobin, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. - Price 20 cents Letter of Transmittal U nited States D epartment of L abor, B ureau of L abor S tatistics, W ashington , D . C .} A u gu st 81, 1951 . The S ecretary of L abor: I have the honor to transmit a report on the occurrence of work injuries in the United States during 1949. Over 56,000 establishments with a total employment of about 10 million workers participated in the survey on which the report is based. This bulletin, parts of which have appeared in the March and October 1950 issues of the M onthly Labor Review, was prepared by Frank S. M cElroy and Robert S. Barker, of the Bureau’s Branch of Industrial Hazards. Hon. M aurice J. T obin, E wan C lague, Com m issioner . Secretary of L abor . Contents Estimates of disabling work injuries_________________________________________________ Injury-frequency rates: Manufacturing________________________________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing____________________________________________________________ Injury severity: Manufacturing________________________________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing____________________________________________________________ Page 1 2 4 5 7 Appendix Table A.—Injury rates and injuries by extent of disability, 1949______________________ 9 Table B.—Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury rates for 41,408 identical establishments, 1948-49_______________________________________________________ 14 Table C.—Distribution of all reported injuries resulting in permanent-partial disability, according to part of body affected, by industry, 1949____________________________ 18 Table D.—Distribution of temporary-total disabilities, by duration of disability, 1949__ 20 Table E.—Indexes of injury-frequency rates in manufacturing, 1926-49, by extent of disability______________________________________________________________________ 23 tn Work Injuries in the United States During 1949 A bstract The annual toll of disabling work injuries declined to the lowest estimate since 1939, owing mainly to improved safety conditions. Greatest reductions in the number of injuries occurred in the railroad, mining, and manufactur ing industries. Manufacturing as a whole averaged 15 injuries per million employee-hours worked, registering the greatest improvement in any single year since 1938. There was an increase, however, in the general severity of injury cases reported. The total economic time loss owing to disabling work injuries in 1949 is equivalent to a year's employment of about 680,000 workers. The annual toll of disabling work injuries 1 de clined to a new postwar low in 1949. A 7-percent improvement from the 1948 total brought the 1949 injury volume down to about 1,870,000— the lowest estimate since 1939. A slightly lower level of employment and decreased hours of work ac counted for part of this reduction, but the major portion of the gain resulted from improved safety conditions in many industries. Further evidences of the improvement in work safety during 1949 appeared in the injury-fre quency rates 2 for manufacturing and for most nonmanufacturing industries. For the first time, the average rate for all manufacturing returned to the low level of prewar years. The substantial decrease in the frequency of work injuries was offset, in part, by an increase in the general severity of the cases reported, as measured by the average days of disability per case. As a result, 1A disabling work injury is an injury arising out of and experienced in the course of employment, which results in death or in any degree of permanent physical impairment, or renders the injured person unable to work at a regularly established job, which is open and available to him, throughout the hours corresponding to his regular shift on any day after the day of injury. The term “injury” includes occupational diseases. * The injury-frequency rate is the average number of disabling work injuries for each million employee-hours worked. severity rates,* which reflect both frequency and 3 * severity of injuries, declined only moderately in many industries. Estimates of Disabling Work Injuries The total volume of disabling work injuries in 1949 was estimated by the Bureau of Labor Sta tistics 4 at 1,870,000— a reduction of about 150,000 from the estimate for 1948. The number of fatalities resulting from work injuries during 1949 was estimated at 15,000— a reduction of over 6 percent from the final revised figure of 16,000 for 1948. Permanent-total disa bilities, which usually incapacitate the injured workers for any future employment, dropped from 3 The severity rate is the average number of days lost, because of disabling work injuries, per 1,000 employee-hours worked. The computation of days lost includes the use of standard time charges for fatalities and permanent disabilities as given in Method of Compiling Industrial Injury Hates, ap proved by the American Standards Association, 1945. 4 These estimates of injury volume were prepared cooperatively by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the National Safety Council. The basic estimates of the two organizations, therefore, are identical. Differences in the published figures represent variations in the rounding applied to the basic figures by the two organizations. These variations reflect primarily the National Safety Council’s need for integrating the occupational estimates into totals for all types of accidental injuries, including injuries resulting from home, traffic, and public accidents, for which the Bureau of Labor Statistics does not prepare estimates. 1 WORK INJURIES IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1949 2 1,800 to 1,600. Permanent-partial disabilities, facturing industries. In each of these industry involving the loss or permanent impairment of groups there was some decline in employment and some body part or function, were down 8 percent in hours worked, but the drop in injuries was from the revised figure of 86,700 for 1948 to a level greater than could be accounted for by these of 79,400 in 1949. M ost of these latter impair factors alone. ments do not prevent the workers from continu Employment in the railroad industry decreased ing in industrial employment, but many may about 18 percent in 1949, but work injuries were necessitate retraining or changes in jobs. Tem reduced nearly 27 percent. Employment in min porary-total disabilities are those resulting in an ing declined slightly and reduced operations re inability to work for at least a full day after sulted in a sharp drop in total hours worked. the day of injury but leaving no permanent ill The 20-percent drop in mining injuries, however, effects. This type of disability constituted the exceeded the decline in hours. Injury rates in largest group of injuries and dropped to a level of manufacturing fell sharply during 1949, and 1.774.000. This represents a 7-percent reduction coupled with a slight decline in employment, re from the revised final estimate of 1,915,000 for sulted in a 19-percent drop in the volume of injuries. 1948. Actual time lost during the year because of work The trend toward fewer injuries was also ap injuries occurring in 1949 was estimated at about parent in construction, trade, and in the miscel 39.000. 000 man-days, the equivalent of a year’slaneous transportation industries. Injuries were full-time employment for approximately 130,000 down about 1 percent in the public utilities group. The industry group comprising the services, workers. This, however, represents only a part of the total production loss accruing from these government, and miscellaneous industries was injuries. If additional allowance were made for the only one showing an increase in injuries during the future effects of the deaths and permanent 1949. There were in this group about 2 percent physical impairments included in the 1949 total, more injuries than in 1948. the economic time loss chargeable to these injuries would amount to about 204,000,000 man-days. Injury-Frequency Bates This is equivalent to a year’s employment for Manufacturing.— For manufacturing as a whole about 680,000 workers. there were on the average 15 injuries for each The greatest reductions in the number of in million employee-hours worked— a decrease of juries occurred in the railroad, mioing, and manu 12.8 percent from the 1948 average of 17.2 (see , Estimated number of disabling work injuries during 1949 by industry group Fatalities All disabilities Industry group Total i To em ployees All groups2........................................................... 1,870,000 1,409,000 Agriculture *___..................................................... 340,000 60,000 Mining and quarrying4....................................... 70,000 65,000 Construction 4.......................... *.......................... 183,000 142,000 Manufacturing 6.................................................... 381,000 374,000 27,000 Public utilities...................................................... 27,000 Trade 4_................................................................ 329,000 263,000 Railroads 8............................................................ 46,000 46,000 Miscellaneous transportation 5—.......................... 126,000 105,000 Services, government, and miscellaneous indus tries 24................................................................ 368,000 327,000 Revised data for 1948: All groups2..................................................... 2,019,900 1,552,100 Agriculture3................................................... 340,000 60,000 Construction 4................................................ 193,000 150,000 Total i To em To em ployees Total4 ployees Total1 To em ployees Temporary-total disabilities Total i To em ployees 15,000 4,300 1,000 2,100 2,300 400 1,500 500 800 2,100 10,700 1,600 1,200 400 100 1,100 100 900 100 1,700 300 200 2,200 200 200 400 1,200 (7) . <7) 100 100 500 200 200 700 100 100 2,000 200 200 79,400 15,200 3,000 7,300 19,200 600 7,900 3,200 6,000 17,000 61,100 1,774,000 1,336,000 3,600 320,100 55,200 2,800 65,900 61,200 5,700 173,300 134,400 19,000 359,300 352,600 600 26,000 26,000 6,300 319,500 255,400 3,200 42,100 42,100 5,000 119,100 99,200 14,900 348,700 309,900 16,000 4,400 2,100 11,700 1,800 1,400 1,100 400 100 200 1,700 300 86,700 15,200 7,800 68,100 1,915,400 1,470,900 3,600 320,000 55,200 6,000 182,800 142,100 1Differences between total number of injuries and injuries to employees represent injuries to self-employed and unpaid family workers. 3 Does not include domestic servants. 8 The total number of injuries in agriculture is based on cross section surveys made by the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1947 and 1948. These are considered to be minimum figures. Injuries experienced in performing chores are excluded. There are some indications of under-reporting. The break Permanent-total Permanent-partial disabilities disabilities down of agricultural injuries by extent of disability is based on other sources. 4 Based largely on data of the U. S. Bureau of Mines. 4 Based on small sample studies. • Based on comprehensive survey. 7 Less than 50. • Based largely on data of the Interstate Commerce Commission. INJURY-FREQUENCY RATES table A, col. 12). This decrease is somewhat less than had been indicated by preliminary reports. Nevertheless, it represents the greatest improve ment achieved in any single year since 1938, when the all-manufacturing rate dropped 15.2 percent from the level of the preceding year. The 1949 average compares favorably with pre war rates of 15.1 for 1938; 14.9 for 1939 (the lowest recorded for any year in the Bureau’s 24-year injury-rate series); and 15.3 for 1940. This return to prewar levels presents a sharp contrast with the substantially higher injury rates prevailing during the war period. Only 1 of the 18 major manufacturing groups, ordnance and accessories, recorded a significant increase in injury-frequency rates from 1948 to 1949, rising from 5.1 to 6.6. One industry group showed a decrease of less than 1 full frequencyrate point; the 16 others recorded decreases of from 1.0 to 3.9 points. Only 8 of the 149 individual manufacturing classifications where comparable data were avail able showed significant increases, 28 recorded little change, and 113 reported decreases of 1 or more frequency-rate points. In this latter group, the rates of 22 decreased by 5 or more points. The iron and steel products group showed the greatest improvement— a drop of 3.9 frequencyrate points from 1948 to 1949. Of the 26 separate industry classifications in this group, 10 dropped 5 points or more, 13 declined 1 to 5 points, and 3 showed less than 1-point change from the preceding year. The rate for iron foundries decreased from 39.7 injuries per million man hours to 29.0; vitreous-enameled products, from 25.1 to 16.6; plate fabrication and boiler-shop products, from 33.4 to 25.1; stamped and pressed metal products, from 21.6 to 14.0; steel foundries, from 30.5 to 23.1; and steel springs, from 20.8 to 13.6. Marked decreases in injury-frequency rates also occurred in boatbuilding and repairing (from 48.2 to 40.0), textile machinery (from 20.9 to 13.6), breweries (from 35.5 to 28.4), and wooden containers (from 42.6 to 35.6). Based on percent of change in contrast with change in frequency-rate points, the explosives industry made the best record. Its injuryfrequency rate dropped 58 percent (from 4.3 in 1948 to 1.8 in 1949). The millinery industry’s rate decreased 49 percent (from 7.5 to 3.8); and 3 Chart 1.— Injury-Frequency Rates in Manufacturing, 1938-49 the automotive electrical equipment rate dropped 41 percent (from 16.2 to 9.5). Average injury rates for individual industries reflect changes in composition of the industries as well as in the level of safety prevailing at different times. Hence, achievements in the advancement of safety may best be measured by comparing the records of identical establishments where the same type of operations were continued during successive periods (see table B, col. 7). Con sidering only those establishments where com parable reports were available for the 2 years, the explosives industry still recorded the greatest percentage decrease in injury-frequency rates (49 percent). In bookbinding, however, reports from identical establishments in the 2 years showed a 43-percent decrease, compared with only a 17percent drop in the industry averages. The rate for identical establishments in the textile machin ery industry dropped 42 percent, compared with 35 percent in the industry averages. In the manufacture of plastic materials, the rate in 4 WORK INJURIES IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1949 identical establishments declined 37 percent, compared with a decrease of 25 percent for all reporting establishm ents. These comparisons, based upon reports from the same establishments in each period, give a better indication of the trend of safety in continuing operations; whereas, the injury-frequency rates based upon all reports received in each year give the truest picture avail able of the current incidence of work injuries in the industry as a whole. In some industries, although the injury-fre quency rates based upon all reports received increased from 1948 to 1949, a comparison of rates based upon reports from identical establishments each year showed a decrease. Listed below are the more important instances: Industry: Compressed and liquefied gases. Paving and roofing materials. Hats, except cloth and milli nery____________________ Percent change in injury frequency rates, 1948-49 All estab Identical establish lishments surveyed ments +52 +29 -4 -2 6 +32 -1 A comparison of injury-frequency rates over the past 4 years gives a better indication of the pro gress individual industries have made in safety work since the 1946 postwar peak. During this period, the explosives industry recorded a de crease of 68 percent (from 5.7 in 1946 to 1.8 in 1949); rubber tires and tubes, 54 percent (from 12.9 to 5.9); plastic materials, except rubber, 52 percent (from 9.9 to 4.8); and aluminum and magnesium products, 50 percent (from 24.8 to 12.5). Iron foundries showed the greatest de crease in terms of frequency-rate points, dropping 18.3 points, or 39 percent (from 47.3 in 1946 to 29.0 in 1949). Breweries reduced their average injury-frequency rate by 16.9 points (from 45.3 to 28.4, or 37 percent); mattresses and bed springs, by 16.1 points (from 34.6 to 18.5, or 47 percent). *A number of manufacturing industries had relatively high injury-frequency rates, despite a general improvement in the record of most of them. Logging had a rate of 92.2 injuries per million man-hours— the highest in manufacturing. The only other comparable rates were found in min ing, and only one of the mining rates— that for gold-silver (93.8)— was higher than the logging rate. Other manufacturing industries with high injury-frequency rates in 1949 were sawmills, 55.6; integrated saw and planing mills, 47.6; planing mills operated separately from sawmills, 38.1; structural clay products, 36.8; cut stone and cutstone products, 36.6; and wooden containers, 35.6. Manufacturing industries with the best safety records in 1949 were explosives, with an injuryfrequency rate of 1.8; synthetic rubber, 2.3; syn thetic textile fibers, 3.6; electric lamps (bulbs), 3.7; millinery, 3.8; women’s and children’s cloth ing, 4.1; radios and phonographs, 4.4; communi cation equipment other than radio, 4.7; and plastic materials other than rubber, 4.8. Nonmanujacturing. The injury-frequency record for nonmanufacturing industries showed less im provement between 1948 and 1949 than that for manufacturing. Of the 54 nonmanufacturing classi fications (exclusive of mining) for which comparable data were available, 25 recorded significant de creases and 15 showed little change. Fourteen reported significant increases (see table A, col. 12). The principal construction industries—general building contracting, highway and street con struction, and other heavy construction—recorded moderate increases in injury-frequency rates from 1948 to 1949. Among the special contracting trades, rates fluctuated widely. Four showed in creases of over 5 frequency-rate points, and four recorded decreases of 5 points or more. Structuralsteel erection and ornamental ironwork had the highest injury-frequency rate (48.6) among the construction industries where data were available. (Although wrecking and demolition work ranked highest in 1948, it was not sufficiently represented in the 1949 study to warrant presentation of the rate.) Highway and street construction had a rate of 45.5; plastering and lathing, 42.7; heavy construction, other than highway and street, 41.8; and general contracting, 40.8 injuries per million man-hours. The lowest rate reported among the construction industries was 17.8 for painting, paperhanging, and decorating. The next lowest rate was 27.1 for terrazzo, tile, marble, and mosaic work. For electrical work the rate was 28.3; for carpentering, 29.3; and for masonry, stone setting, and other stone work, 29.4. Of the other 39 nonmanufacturing classifica tions, 14 showed little change, 6 reported increases, and 19 showed decreases from 1948 to 1949. INJURY SEVERITY Decreases of more than 5 frequency-rate points were recorded for streetcar operations (from 20.7 to 14.3), miscellaneous repair services (from 31.1 to 25.7), and filling stations (from 10.0 to 4.8). Other industries showing large percentage drops in injury rates were transportation not elsewhere classified (43 percent, from 9.1 to 5.2), eating and drinking places (28 percent, from 14.9 to 10.7), and medical and other professional services (25 percent, from 5.3 to 4.0). Stevedoring was the only industry in which the increase amounted to as much as 5 frequency-rate points. However, amusements and related services had an increase of 26 percent (from 8.4 to 10.6). As in previous years, stevedoring had the highest injury-frequency rate among the non manufacturing industries— 67.4. This was a slight increase over the rate of 62.3 reported for 1948. Outstandingly low injury-frequency rates were reported for radio broadcasting and television (1.7), insurance (2.1), telephone (2.3), banks and other financial agencies (2.4), medical and other professional services (4.0), retail apparel and accessories (4.4), filling stations (4.8), and dry cleaning (4.9). Preliminary reports of the United States Bureau of Mines indicate continuation of the improvement in safety records of most mining industries noted in the 1948 report. The important coal-mining group showed a drop of 1.6 frequency-rate points from the revised 1948 to the preliminary 1949 figures.* The injury-frequency rate for bitu 5 minous-coal mines decreased from 57.4 to 55.6, but that for anthracite mines changed only slightly, from 76.6 to 76.0. Other decreases were recorded by gold-silver ore-dressing mills (from 51.8 to 30.4), copper mines (from 40.4 to 33.1), and granite quarries (from 47.8 to 42.1). Major increases in injury-frequency rates were confined for the most part to the relatively small mining industries. Miscellaneous ore-dressing mills showed an in crease from 39.7 in 1948 to 52.5 in 1949; miscel laneous metal mines, from 61.7 to 71.8; slate quarries, from 42.3 to 51.1; and gold-silver mines, from 88.2 to 93.8. 5 frequency rate was reduced from 26.0 in 1946 to 13.9 in 1949, or 47 percent. In the same period, copper mines reduced their rate 36 percent (from 51.7 to 33.1); and gold-silver ore-dressing mills, 30 percent (from 43.3 to 30.4). The injury-frequency rates of most mining in dustries were still relatively high compared with those for manufacturing industries.6 Gold-silver mining had the highest rate of any industry re corded for 1949— 93.8 injuries per million man hours—followed by lead-zinc mines with a rate of 88.5. Iron ore-dressing mills reported the lowest in jury-frequency rate (13.3) in the mining group. Cement quarries had a rate of 13.6; copper oredressing mills, 13.9; and iron mines, 21.3. Injury Severity Manufacturing. The injury-severity rate for all manufacturing decreased slightly, from 1.5 in 1948 to 1.4 in 1949 (see table A, col. 13). This was due entirely to the relatively large decrease in the injury-frequency rate, which counteracted a 12percent increase in the average days lost per case. The proportion of deaths and permanent-total disabilities7 (0.4 percent) remained about the same as in 1948, but the proportion of permanentpartial disabilities7 increased from 4.7 percent in 1948 to 5.4 in 1949. The proportion of temporarytotal disabilities decreased conversely (see table A, cols. 6, 7, and 8). The average number of days lost for each temporary disability case increased from 16 to 17. The average days charged for each permanent-partial disability increased from 925 days per case to 943. These factors all combined to increase the severity average 8 from 83 to 93 days per case (see table A, cols. 9, 10, and 11). Although there was a steady decrease in the injury-frequency rate during the past 3 years the • In making comparisons of injury rates between mining and other in dustries, one should bear in mind that the rates for mining are based upon the experience of only those employees engaged in the mining operations, and exclude office workers, whereas the rates for other industries include the man hours and injury experience of office workers and others not exposed to actual operating hazards of the industry concerned. 7A permanent-total disability is an injury, other than death, which per manently an employee from An outstanding 3-year record was established occupation.andAtotally incapacitatesdisability consists offollowing any gainful the complete loss in by copper ore-dressing mills. Their injury- one accident of permanent-partial of a member of the body, or any per any member or part manent impairment of functions of the body or part thereof to any degree * See IT. S. Bureau of Mines, Mineral Industry Surveys, Health and Safety less than permanent-total disability. Statistics, No. HSS392, Employment and Injuries in the Mineral Industries, 8 The severity average is the average number of days lost per case, includ 1949, Washington, August 29,1960, for revised injury statistics for 1945 to 1948 ing the actual time lost because of temporary-total disabilities and the stand and preliminary data for 1949. ard time charges for deaths and permanent impairments. 945572—51-----2 6 WORK INJURIES IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1949 Chart 2.— Injury-Frequency Rates and Severity Averages, Major Manufacturing Groups, 1949 I40 r Average Days Lost per Disabling Injury I20 I00 80 60 40 20 0 o r i to Injury-Frequency Rates? 20 30 40 50 60 Lumber Furniture Stone, Clay and Glass Food Products Paper Products Iron and Steel A ll Manufacturing Machinery, except Electric Nonferrous Metals Miscellaneous Manufacturing Leather Transportation Equipment Te xtiles Rubber Chemicals Printing and Publishing Electrical Machinery Apparel UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS average days lost or charged per case increased. The average number of days lost per case rose from 82 in 1946 to 93 in 1949, with a low of 73 in 1947. It is evident from comparison of the trends in injury frequency and in average days lost per case that the injuries which occurred during 1949 were of slightly more serious nature and caused somewhat longer periods of disability. Much of the decrease in the frequency of injuries occurred among the less serious cases. Of the 105 industries for which severity data were available, 71 showed decreases in the pro portion of temporary disabilities and a correspond ing increase in the proportion of deaths and/or permanent disabilities. An increase between 1948 and 1949 in average days lost or charged per case was noted in 62 separate industry classifications. Fatalities and permanent-partial disabilities ac counted for only 0.4 percent of the reported inju ries in all manufacturing. Certain individual industries, however, reported relatively large pro portions of such cases. In the iron and steel industry 2.0 percent of the reported cases resulted in death or permanent-total disability; in logging, 1.5; in ordnance and accessories, 1.5; in engines and turbines, 1.4. In cement mills, excluding quarries, 2.5 percent of the cases were fatalities; in copper smelting, 1.5; petroleum refining, 1.4. INJURY SEVERITY The number of permanent-total disabilities was not reported for these latter industries. The pro portion of permanent-partial disabilities was high in electrical appliances (14.0 percent), motorvehicle parts (13.9), stamped and pressed metal products (13.2), carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings (11.9), and aircraft manufacturing (H .3). The iron and steel industry recorded the highest injury-severity average of any manufacturing in dustry (269 days per case). In this industry 10.0 percent of the injuries reported were permanentpartial disabilities, and 2.0 percent were fatalities or permanent-total disabilities. The temporary cases averaged 53 days disability per case. Other manufacturing industries with high severity aver ages were ordnance and accessories (215 days lost or charged per case); aircraft manufacturing (205); breweries (190); logging (190); morticians’ sup plies (181); stone, clay, and glass products not elsewhere classified (179); batteries (169); carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings (163); and electrical appliances (161). The highest severity rate among the manufac turing industries (18.0) was found in logging. In this industry there was not only a high frequency of injuries but also a tendency toward more seri ous cases than in most other industries. Of all injuries reported in logging, 1.5 percent resulted in death or permanent-total disability. This may be compared with the rate of 0.4 percent for all manufacturing. An average of 2,346 days was charged for each permanent-partial disability case in the logging industry, whereas the average for all manufacturing was 943 days. Temporary cases in logging were disabled for an average of 23 days, compared with 17 days for all manufac turing combined. The resulting average of days lost or charged for all disabling injury cases in logging was 190, more than twice as great as the average of 93 for manufacturing industries in general. M ost high severity rates in other industries can be accounted for by either a high frequency rate, or high severity average, or both. Integrated saw and planing mills had a severity rate of 6.3, a fre quency rate of 47.6, and an average of 126 days lost per case. Breweries had a severity rate of 5.5, a frequency rate of 28.4, and an average of 190 days per case. Sawmills operated separately from planing mills had a severity rate of 3.7 and 7 a frequency rate of 55.6, with an average of 69 days per case. Other manufacturing industries with high severity rates were veneer mills (6.4) and cut stone and cut-stone products (4.0). Nonmanufacturing. For all construction, the aver age severity rate was 3.9, in comparison with 1.4 for all manufacturing (see table A, col. 13). This, however, represents a substantial improvement over the rate of 5.0 recorded in 1948. M ost of this improvement was due to a decrease in the proportion of fatalities and permanent-total dis abilities from 1.2 percent to 0.8, and of permanentpartial disabilities from 4.0 to 3.2 percent of the cases reported (see table A, cols. 6 and 7). Aver age days lost or charged per case dropped from 135 in 1948 to 100 in 1949 (see table A, col. 9). Structural-steel erection had the highest injuryseverity rate in the construction group (13.6), as well as the highest injury-frequency rate (48.6). In this industry 1.5 percent of the reported cases were fatalities or permanent-total disabilities and 8.5 percent were permanent-partial disabilities. An average of 279 days were lost or charged per case. Other construction industries with high severity rates were terrazzo, tile, marble, and mosaic work (8.3); painting, paperhanging, and decorating (7.6); heavy construction other than highway and street construction (5.5); and high way and street construction (4.7). Stevedoring was the only other nonmanufactur ing industry with a high injury-severity rate (13.5). In this industry 10.1 percent of the cases reported were permanent-partial disabilities, with an average time charge of 1,360 days per case. Temporary cases averaged 32 days disability per case. The severity average was 201 days per case, which, coupled with a high frequency rate, resulted in the high severity rate. The electriclight and power industry had a severity average of 189 days per case, but a low frequency rate brought the severity rate down to 2.6. The proportion of fatalities in mining was relatively high. In coal mining, 1.5 percent of the cases reported were fatalities; in metal mining, 1.1 percent; in nonmetal mining, 0.9; in quarry ing, 1.3; and in ore-dressing mills, 0.9. Some individual industries within these groups indicated even higher percentages of fatalities. Of all cases reported, 3.9 percent in cement quarries and 3.6 percent in iron ore-dressing mills resulted in death. APPENDIX Injury-frequency and severity rates, severity averages, and the disability distribution for indi vidual industries and for industrial groups are shown in table A. The group rates were com puted by weighting the individual industry rates according to the total employment in each industry. Table B shows changes in employment, em ploy ee-hours worked, disabling injuries, and days lost for establishments which reported for both 1948 and 1949. The percentage distribution of permanent im pairments according to the part of the body affected is shown in industry detail in table C. Table D shows the proportion of temporarytotal disabilities which involved less than 4 days of lost time per case. Because many reporting establishments did not supply this detail, the coverage for some industries was insufficient for inclusion in this breakdown. Table E shows the general trend of industrial safety in terms of indexes of injury-frequency Chart 3.— Industrial Injury-Frequency Rates in Manufacturing/ by Types of Disability 8 APPENDIX 9 rates. These yearly indexes are based upon the plants, they should not be considered as indicating percent change in the rates of establishments the general frequency rate level at any given time. which reported in both the current and preceding They do indicate the safety trend in the plants years. As they do not reflect the effect of ex having continuing operations. pansion or contraction in the number of operating Table A.— Injury rates and injuries by extent of disability, 1949 [All reporting establishments] Percent of disabling in juries resulting in *— Industry (1) Number Average Employee- Number Death of of estab number of hours and lishments employees 1 worked disabling perma Perma Tempo All dis nent(thousands) injuries nent- partial rary- abili reporting total total disa disa ties * disa bility bility bility (7) (9) (8) (6) (4) (3) (5) (2) Manufacturing Total, manufacturing.................................. 34,026 7,945,193 15,570,505 205,001 Apparel and other finished textile products. 2,135 233,507 419,936 2,702 1,256 117,559 Clothing, men’s and boys’................... 209,458 742 543 73,202 131,277 Clothing, women’s and children’s....... 872 14 Millinery................................................ 2,081 3,700 55 Apparel and accessories, not elsewhere 12,569 87 classified.............................................. 7,336 90 Trimmings and fabricated textile pro802 33,329 62,930 ducts, not elsewhere classified........... 376 540,457 1,102,706 10,034 Chemicals and allied products.................... 2,055 7,934 111 3,783 Compressed and liquefied gases........... 72 1,077 56,905 112,263 Drugs, toiletries, and insecticides____ 285 38 20,575 Explosives.............................................. 10,532 56 1,082 Fertilizers............................................... 25,101 50,190 406 121,412 2,147 246,964 Industrial chemicals............................. 375 958 Paints, varnishes, and colors................ 41,551 84,620 382 5,622 Paving and roofing materials___ ____ 2,862 110 2,952 Petroleum refining *........ ..................... (8) 30 148,600 309,722 231 Plastic materials, except rubber......... 20,084 48,104 43 Soap and glycerin.................................. 310 21,874 43,955 125 25 5,416 Synthetic rubber............. -.................... 10,817 14 397 56,887 110,413 Synthetic textile fibers.......................... 25 157 Vegetable and animal oils.................... 4,288 8,920 37 Chemical products, not elsewhere 439 classified..*......................................... 21,162 42,600 205 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies...................................................... 1,054 7,327 570,695 1,121,511 461 25,551 48,386 Automotive electrical equipment........ 42 420 Batteries................................................ 14,299 28,034 50 Communication and signaling equip 597 128,239 67,930 ment, except radio____ __________ 40 61,202 547 31,983 Electrical appliances______________ 75 3,719 Electrical equipment for industrial use. 529 269,910 539,707 134 36,457 Electric lamps (bulbs).......................... 18,766 33 25,651 295 13,011 Insulated wire and cable...................... 46 227, 530 1,005 Radios and phonographs...................... 208 115,331 Electrical equipment, not elsewhere 149 26,301 13,914 classified............................................. 31 569,102 1,164,451 23,719 Food products.............................................. 4,358 Baking................................................... 73,826 156,282 2,307 747 670 10,593 23,317 Bottling, soft drinks......... .................... 309 3,961 139,693 69,185 Breweries............................................... 282 2,451 117,565 67,394 Canning and preserving....................... 443 1,042 41, 722 81,384 Confectionery____ _______________ 252 954 52,446 22,909 Dairv products_____ ______ _ _ 332 43,339 371 21,832 Distilleries............................................ 118 112,307 2,030 52,988 Flour, feed, and grain-mill products.._ 616 6,845 295,009 140,211 Slaughtering and meat packing........... 760 685 9,542 20,371 Sugar, beet............................................. 67 39,591 926 Sugar, cane. _ _______ ___ 18, 511 35 178 6,843 3,582 Wineries................................................. 96 1,299 76,297 36,807 Food products, not elsewhere Classified301 217,401 428,176 9,891 Furniture and finished lumber products. . 2,212 57,983 881 28,865 96 Furniture, metal.................................. 167,368 3,777 85,436 802 Furniture, except metal............... ........ 765 Mattresses and bed springs__ 41,297 21,312 240 211 12,620 6,458 95 Morticians’ supplies.............................. 484 28,346 14,280 153 Office, store, and restaurant fixtures... 63,797 2,272 32,322 435 Wooden containers................................ Miscellaneous wood products, not else 56,763 1,501 391 28,728 where classified-------------------------See footnotes a t end of table. Average days lost or charged per case2 Injury rates4 Perma Tempo nent- rary- Fre partial total quency Sever ity* disa disa bility bility (10) (ID (12) (13) 0.4 .3 .2 .3 00 00 .5 .5 00 00 1.1 .4 .1 00 •1.4 00 00 00 00 00 5.4 L7~ 1.3 1.2 00 00 2.5 3.9 00 4.4 00 2.8 4.7 4.6 00 (10) 00 00 00 00 («) 1.6 94.2 98.0 98.5 98.5 00 00 97.0 95.6 00 95.6 00 96.1 94.9 95.3 00 (10) 00 00 00 00 00 98.4 93 943 45 898 35 1,156 40 900 00 00 00 00 800 61 80 942 0046 00 753 00 1,144 114 00 92 1,074 57 817 00 00 (10) (10) 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 21 375 17 *15.0 11 56.5 10 6.0 11 4.1 3.8 00 6.9 00 13 12.7 16 «9.4 0014 14.0 9.6 1.8 0015 21.6 20 8.7 12 11.3 19.6 (fl) (10) 9.5 4.8 (<0 7.1 00 2.3 00 3.6 00 17.6 00 15 10.3 81.4 8.3 .2 .1 (0 .1 .8 8.9 1.3 .4 .9 2.4 1.0 .9 (i°)1.9 .9 .6 .4 .5 1.3 .2 .3 00 .7 00 .3 00 CO.9 8.2 00 9.3 00 14.0 8.1 00 00 7.7 91.5 00 90.0 (®) 86.0 91.6 0s) 00 91.4 103 843 00 (6) 169 1,248 00 1,063 161 00 92 723 00 00 00 946 137 00 00 00 85 1,214 83 936 35 300 190 1,523 39 766 48 873 30 1,825 00 00 119 1,431 40 1,013 556 98 49 700 00 $; 34 900 836 81 755 / i 86 834 61 / 51 837 181 1,311 727 84 80 810 821 71 16 0012 (6)14 18 00 0012 *6.5 9.5 15.0 4.7 8.9 6.9 3.7 11.5 4.4 5.7 818.9 14.8 28.7 28.4 20.8 12.8 18.2 8.6 18.1 23.2 33.6 23.4 26.0 17.0 822.8 15.2 22.6 18.5 16.7 17.1 35.6 26.4 8.7 .3 2.9 .3 1.3 (i°) .6 .3 .5 .3 81.4 1.2 1.0 5.5 .9 .7 .5 1.0 2.3 1.6 3.2 1.2 1.4 .8 81.9 .9 1.9 1.1 3.0 1.3 2.7 2.1 00 .4 .4 .4 1.0 .1 00.5 .2 1.2 00.3 .2 .2 .2 .9 .3 .3 00 3.8 4.6 .4 7.4 2.6 4.1 .9 00 5.1 1.6 2.7 4.4 00.5 6.8 5.2 7.8 4.8 8.5 9.8 6.3 4.8 00 95.8 95.0 99.2 91.6 97.3 95.9 99.1 00 94.4 98.2 96.1 95.6 00 99.2 93.0 94.6 92.0 95.2 90.6 90.2 93.4 94.9 00 14 15 10 16 14 13 14 0014 11 12 19 0014 13 13 12 11 14 14 13 14 WORK INJURIES IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 19J.9 10 Table A.— Injury rates and injuries by extent of disability, 1949— Continued [All reporting establishments] Percent of disabling in juries resulting in *— Industry (1) Manufacturing—Continued Iron andlsteel and their products............... Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets........... Cold-finished steel................................. Cutlery and edge tools_____ _______ Fabricated structural steel_________ Forgings, iron and steel........................ Foundries, iron...................................... Foundries, steel................................... Hardware............................................. Heating equipment, not elsewhere classified..................................... ........ Iron and steel......................................... Metal coating and engraving________ Ornamental metal work____~________ Plate fabrication and boiler-shop products.............................................. Plumbers’ supplies.............................. Screw-machine* products __ Sheet-metal work.................................. Stamped and pressed metal products. Steam fittings and apparatus............... Steel barrels, kegs, drums, and packages...................................................... Steel springs........................................... Tin cans and other tinware................ . Tools, except edge tools........................ Vitreous-enameled products................. Wire and wire products......................... Wrought pipes, welded and heavyriveted................................................. Iron and steel products, not elsewhere classified.............................................. Leather and leather products..................... Boots and shoes, not rubber............. Leather................................................... Leather products, not elsewhere class ified..................................................... Lumber and timber basic products............ Logging.................................................. Millwork (structural)............................ Planing mills......................................... Plywood mills....................................... Sawmills................................................. Saw and planing mills, integrated___ Veneer mills........................................... Machinery, except electric........................... Agricultural machinery and tractors.. Bearings, ball and roller........ ............... Commercial and household machin ery....................................................... Construction and mining machinery.. Elevators, escalators, and conveyors. . Engines and turbines........................... Fabricated pipe and fittings................. Food-products machinery.................... General industrial machinery and equipment, not elsewhere classified. General machine shops (jobbing and repair)................................................. Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments....................................... Mechanical power-transmission equip ment, exceptmachinery bearings. Metalworking ball and roller Pumps and compressors....................... Special-industry machinery, not else where classified.................................. Textile machinery................................. NTonferrous metals and their products___ Aluminum and magnesium products.. Foundries, nonferrous...................... Nonferrous basic shapes and forms___ See footnotes at end of table. Number Average Employee- Number Death of estab number of hours of and lishments employees1 worked disabling perma Perma Tempo nentreporting (thousands) injuries nent- partial rarytotal total disa disa disa bility bility bility (2) (3) (5) (4) (7) (6) (8) 4,647 1,355,424 2,604,673 86 21,339 41,089 45 Hi 718 22', 578 123 20,184 39,327 410 55,063 111, 729 48,559 168 94,806 777 126,526 232,849 132 45,337 84,496 164 53,372 103,631 260 47,673 91,609 211 5071585 970,218 126 10,227 19,937 124 12)947 26,874 223 36,162 71,818 109 38,650 72,565 36,060 173 18,177 140 11,632 23,606 419 94', 050 180,247 172 31,184 60,298 32 6,558 13,158 35 13,534 26,407 87* 966 117 43,348 179 22,822 43,011 22 4,152 7,423 221 49,223 93,295 21 8,463 16,702 158 16,939 33,061 757 167,198 310,552 435, 127,904 234,745 170 28,704 56,241 152 10,590 19,564 1,916 155,042 310,141 305 23,264 43,703 466 30,627 63,419 237 12,726 25,527 84 16,187 33,382 555 32,890 64) 306 196 34,986 71,198 73 4,362 8,602 3,567 950,283 1,861,865 227 139,139 271,956 53 36,071 71,482 253 169,004 329,271 301 77,331 152,873 62 15,654 31,590 65 49,074 97,650 9 1,225 2,450 148 22,461 44,144 459 102,676 200,088 339 18,297 34,595 99 34,380 66,838 88 24,860 47,841 831 130,388 252,835 125 34,954 71,164 382 62,903 124,006 126 31,866 63,074 809 182,935 372,285 50 10,962 21,798 362 25,023 47,748 40 28,232 54,248 37,793 571 323 551 2,481 1,733 6,742 1,955 1,176 1,966 6,587 478 571 1,803 1,172 561 517 2,525 1,150 177 359 1,071 727 123 1,603 266 605 3,367 1,840 1,338 189 14,978 4,030 1,663 972 1,063 3) 576 3,387 287 25,495 4,654 780 2,521 2,998 632 1,109 46 660 3,052 587 645 809 2,881 1,079 2,185 857 5,314 272 1,075 640 0.6 («) .3 .7 .2 .5 1.1 .3 2.0 .7 .8 .4 .2 (®) .3 («) («) .2 .1 .2 (®) .6 1.5 .1 .1 .4 .4 («) .2 .1 .5 .1 .3 1.4 («) .1 .3 6.3 5.2 («) 3.9 4.4 4.7 3.2 2.6 9.0 5.7 10.0 4.0 2.7 3.8 4.8 8.8 3.4 13.2 5.6 (®) 4.1 96 7.1 («) 5.5 («) 5.7 4.5 4.2 4.4 («) 4.1 3.4 6.8 4.4 5.4 3!o 5.9 (®) 5.9 6.8 4.5 7.9 4.8 4.5 6.5 (6) 4.5 6.8 7.8 2.6 .2 .7 .2 .3 («) .5 (•) 4.9 6.3 2.0 7.5 3.2 6.8 (B ) 7.0 l6) 93.1 94.8 (*) 95.8 94.9 95.1 96.3 96.3 90.7 94.3 88.0 96.0 96.6 95.4 94.8 91.2 96.6 86.6 94.4 (•) 95.9 90)4 92! 6 («) 94.5 (® ) 94.3 95.3 95.7 95.4 (®) 95.3 95.1 93.1 95.5 94.6 96! 6 93.7 (® ) 93.9 93.1 95.5 91.6 95.1 95.2 93.1 (®) 95.5 93.1 91.9 97.4 95.1 93.5 97.3 92.3 96.8 92.9 (®) 92.5 (®) Average days lost or charged per case * Injury rates * Perma Tempo All dis nent- rary- Fre Sever abili partial total quency ity* ties* disa disa bility bility (9) GO) 111 849 43 532 (®)54 (®) 577 97 962 61 661 72 826 108 863 96 689 66 929 269 1,036 30 483 72 638 95 895 71 563 78 771 35 633 118 720 67 912 («)60 1(®) 006 55 *418 80 738 (*)56 (®) 726 («) (® ) 72 1 025 62 885 512 41 77 1,191 («) (®) 113 1,368 190 2,346 62 591 61 906 88 1 332 69 *926 126 1,494 (®) (® ) 80 889 973 88 52 796 106 735 58 764 72 957 134 666 ) (®)42 (® 669 1,157 560 375 600 778 750 112 1,094 37 708 91 853 (*)95 (®) 719 («) (® ) 102 77 24 44 76 71 (11) (12) 22 *15.6 17 13.9 (®)14 14.3 14.0 16 22.2 19 18.3 16 29.0 21 23.1 16 11.3 14 21.5 53 6! 8 11 24.0 15 2l! 2 13 25.1 22 16.2 11 15.6 14 2l! 9 15 14!0 17 19.1 13.5 («)20 13.6 16 12.2 14 16.9 16.6 (®17 17.2 ) («) 15.9 14 18.3 13 *10.2 11 7.8 14 23.8 9.7 («) 19 *55.5 23 92.2 16 26.2 13 38.1 16 31.8 18 55.6 16 47.6 33.4 (® ) 17 »14.2 14 17.1 17 10.9 21 7.7 18 19.6 10 20.0 17 11.4 (®)13 18.8 15.0 16 15.3 16 17.0 15 9.7 15 16.9 15 11.4 16 15.2 21 17.6 15 13.6 15 *13.3 12.5 (®)14 22.5 11.8 (®) (13) *1.6 .5 .9 .9 2.1 1.3 2.1 2.1 1.0 1.6 1.8 .9 l! 5 2.9 1.4 1.6 !o l! 5 1.7 3.0 .8 !s 1.5 1.0 .9 .6 1.4 *.6 .3 1.9 .6 *7.0 18.0 1.8 2.3 3.0 3.7 6.3 6.4 *1.2 2.0 .5 .8 1.4 2.1 1.4 .8 .8 1.7 1.2 .2 .6 .9 1.1 2.0 #7 *.9 1.1 2.0 .4 11 APPENDIX Table A.— Injury rates and inju i s by extent of d s b l t , 1949- -Continued re iaiiy [All reporting establishments] Percent of disabling in juries resulting in 2— Industry (1) Manufacturing—Continued Nonferrous metals and their products— Continued Primary smelting and refining 8......... Copper........................................... Lead-silver..................................... Zinc................................................ Miscellaneous................................. Watches, clocks, jewelry, and silver ware................................................... Nonferrous metal products, not else♦ where classified................................. Ordnance and accessories.......................... Paper and allied products........................ Envelopes............................................ Paper boxes and containers................ Paper products, not elsewhere classi fied.................................................... . Printing and publishing............................. Book and job printing.......................... Bookbinding......................................... News and periodical............................. Rubber products......................................... Rubber boots and shoes....................... Rubber tires and tubes....................... Rubber products, not elsewhere classi fied...................................................... Stone, clay, and glass products.................. Cement mills (excluding quarries) 8... Clay products (structural)................... Concrete, gypsum, and plaster prod ucts..................................................... Cut stone and cut-stone products....... G lass.................................................... Pottery and related products.............. Stone, clay, and glass products, not elsewhere classified........................... Textiles and textile-mill products.............. Carpets, rugs, and other floor cover ings..................................................... Cordageyarn and textiles...................... Cotton and twine............................... Dyeing and finishing textiles............... Hats, except cloth and millinery......... Knit goods............................................. Rayon, other synthetic, and silk tex tiles..................................................... Woolen and worsted textiles................. Miscellaneous textile goods, not else where classified................................ Transportation equipment......................... Aircraft.................................................. Aircraft parts_____ ______________ Boatbuilding and repairing................ . Motor vehicles....................................... Motor-vehicle parts............................... Railroad equipment. Transportation equipment, not else where classified.................................. Miscellaneous manufacturing...................... Brooms and brushes............................. Coke ovens: 8 Beehive.......................................... Byproduct—.................................. Fabricated plastic products................. Optical and ophthalmic goods______ Photographic apparatus and materials. Professional and scientific instru ments and supplies............................ Tobacco products................................. Miscellaneous manufacturing, not else where classified.................................. See footnotes at end of table. Average days lost or charged per case 2 Injury rates 4 Number Average Employee- Number Death of of estab number of hours and lishments employees 1 worked disabling perma Perma Tempo All dis Perma Tempo Fre Sever nentnent(thousands) injuries nent- partial rary- abili partial rary- quency ity 2 reporting total total total disa disa ties * disa disa disa bility bility bility bility bility (10) (ID (12) (13) (7) (8) (9) (5) (6) (4) (3) (2) 76,750 31,100 (8) 28,630 11,900 (8) 10,100 4,100 (8) 24,120 9,600 (8) 5,500 13,900 (8) 81,224 41,772 138 45,846 90,515 219 31,148 61,683 24 624,380 1,379 299,881 16,784 8,560 81 98,626 49,160 576 496 202,998 429,540 79,428 39,163 226 2,714 246, 683 484,972 119, 706 234,569 1,728 13, 288 6,718 84 902 120,259 237,114 341,531 280 184,132 25, 408 48, 952 30 89, 754 157, 580 42 68,970 134,998 208 1,555 243,457 490, Oil 24,939 65,113 (8)573 53,823 106,163 13,357 28,857 338 2,435 4,782 76 92, 617 178, 694 252 31,486 56,938 132 24,800 49,460 184 688,372 1,292,903 2,437 44,207 86,099 84 14,714 7,917 50 577 263,112 486,094 62,935 124,307 338 5, 778 10, 345 28 698 113, 683 206, 344 67, 739 129, 623 223 370 112, 553 215,967 10,448 19,407 69 900 1,023,149 2, Oil, 914 27 163, 920 328, 643 76 83, 633 167,119 2,980 5,850 91 244 438, 274 858,957 189 183, 412 355,079 78,462 157,904 95 65,975 125,836 157 21 12,523 6,493 1,227 286,198 566,774 14,883 7,613 75 3,623 3,330 (8) 21,141 58,822 (8)144 21,670 42,730 49 17,169 33,054 44,796 84,337 49 62,436 31,236 149 47,414 87,794 176 585 91,829 179,090 1,766 518 172 795 281 482 1,079 4,061 10,048 222 1,632 7,035 1,159 4,004 1,763 148 2,093 3,255 350 924 1,981 9,354 521 3,911 737 175 2,301 900 809 13,471 1,270 219 4,753 1,834 166 1,150 893 2,867 319 18,293 1,444 1,449 234 5,767 3,835 2,112 3,286 166 5,573 214 132 588 569 186 444 812 655 1,973 ®9 . •1.5 • 1.2 ».6 *.4 (10) (10) 0°, (10) (10) 6.0 .4 1.5 .4 .5 .1 .5 .4 .1 00 .2 .5 (8) (8) .6 7.5 8.9 5.4 3.6 4.5 7.1 4.0 3.2 3.8 00 2.5 7.5 00 TO 8.2 (8).2 3.4 (10) 2.3 6.3 00 3.6 1.1 10.8 .5 •2.5 .5 .6 .8 .2 .2 1.0 5.2 11.9 7.8 4.9 5.4 .4 (*).1 00 1.8 .2 3.0 (») .6 .8 .5 (8).5 .2 1.0 1.0 (#) 2.1 00 8.0 11.3 3.6 00 8.9 13.9 6.6 3.0 00 .1 .5 • 1.2 .2 (8) <e) .2 .1 5.3 4.7 (10) (10) 6.2 00 00 2.3 5.5 7.3 (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) 94.0 92.1 89.6 94.2 95.9 95.4 92.4 95.6 96.7 96.2 00 97.3 92.0 (•) 00 (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (i°) 60 757 103 868 215 1,192 78 732 60 506 58 856 105 782 59 488 45 799 47 841 CO42 00 774 125 1,069 00 00 00 00 143 1,159 91.2 96.1 (10) (10) M 0°)84 1,077 74 1,187 97.2 134 1,306 93.1 00 975 96.2 0063 00 73 917 98.2 179 925 88.1 94.6 87 1,164 163 1,234 88.1 92.2 63 635 94.9 79 1,000 94.2 125 1,592 00 00 00 38 1,113 98.1 97.9 33 888 60 921 96.8 00 (8) 0s) 91.4 120 796 87.9 205 1,238 95.9 77 726 00 115 00 755 90.6 00 113 604 85.9 92.4 150 879 124 1,321 96.0 00 00 (•) 59 759 94.6 85 945 94.8 (10) (10) (i°) (10) (10) (10) 93.6 77 831 00 00 (8) 00 97.5 94.5 92.6 00 38 46 73 00 983 615 744 (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) 16 15 22 23.0 18.1 17.0 33.0 20.2 5.9 11.9 6.6 16 *16.0 16 13.2 13 16.5 19 16.4 13 14.6 14 *8.2 15 7.5 11.1 00 14 8.8 16 *9.7 7.1 00 5.9 00 14 14.7 16 *19.6 (10) 8.0 15 36.8 15 25.5 36.6 00 18 12.9 15 15.8 17 16.4 17 * 10.1 18 14.8 15 14.9 9.8 18 14.8 18 (*)12 16.0 5.6 15 19 00 6.9 13.3 16.4 23 *10.1 4.4 22 23 8.7 40.0 00 21 6.7 17 10.8 35 13.4 27 26.1 13.3 00 12 *10.3 13 14.4 (10) 36.4 (10) 10.0 12 13.3 5.6 00 5.3 0s) 7 13.0 13 7.5 14 11.0 (10) (iO) (10) (10) (10) .3 1.1 1.8 *1.4 .8 1.0 1.8 .9 *.4 .3 .7 .4 *1.3 .8 .6 2.3 *)2.2 (10 2.8 3.3 4.0 .8 1.1 3.6 *.8 2.4 .9 .9 2.1 .6 .2 .2 1.0 .7 *1.1 1.0 1.0 3.5 .7 .9 1.5 3.4 .9 *.8 1.2 (“) 0°) 1.3 .1 .2 .7 .3 .9 12 WORK INJURIES IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1949 Table A.— Injury rates and injuries by extent of d s b l t , 1949— Continued iaiiy [All reporting establishments] Percent of disabling in juries resulting in Industry (1) Non manufacturing Construction 11..................................... ...... General contractors: General building contractors____ Heavy construction, except high way and street............................ Highway and street construction.. Special-trade contractors: Plumbing, heating, and air condi tioning........................................ Painting, paperhanging, and deco rating........................................... Electrical work............................... Masonry, stone setting, and other stone work................................... Plastering and lathing................... Terrazzo, tile, marble, and mosaic work.................. ......................... Carpentering.................................. Roofing and sheet-metal work___ Concrete work................................ Structural-steel erection and orna mental iron work........................ Excavating and foundation work. Installation or erection of building equipment, not elsewhere classi fied.............................................. Special-trade contractors, other 13. Communication: 11 Telephone (wire and radio)................. Radio broadcasting and television___ Transportation 1113..................................... Stevedoring........................................... Streetcar................................................ Bus (local)............................................. Local transportation systems, inte grated 14............................................. Trucking and hauling (local)............... Warehousing and storage.................... . Transportation, not elsewhere classi fied............................................... Heat, light, and power n »___ Electric light and power. Gas................................... Waterworks Personal services................................... ..... Dry cleaning.............................. .......... Laundries.................................... ......... Laundry with dry cleaning________ Amusements and related services. ".T! Hotels.................................................... Eating and drinking places................ . Medical and other professional services. Miscellaneous personal services______ Business services.......................................... Banks and other financial agencies___ Insurance............................................... Real estate............................................ Miscellaneous business services........ Automobile repair shops and garages.. Miscellaneous repair services.............. . Educational services_________________ Fire departments...................................... . Police departments..................................... See footnotes at end of table. Average days lost or charged per case 2 Number Average Employee- Number Death of estab number of hours of and lishments employees1 worked disabling perma Perma Tempo All dis nentreporting (thousands) injuries nent- partial rary- abili total disa total ties* disa disa bility bility bility (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 4,443 1,675 334 516 432 257 282 126 81 63 81 204 56 44 46 18 228 123 407 1,300 57 17 282 42 574 255 73 604 376 213 159 2,981 634 565 470 117 391 538 140 126 2,667 917 425 232 382 432 279 195 209 151 430,375 160,803 87,848 63,455 17,116 6,565 3,671 2,889 23,494 7,256 16,936 5,671 6,048 3,508 3,343 9,934 2,876 9,727 2,447 730 129 479 167 258 95 98 324 98 473 11,429 15,591 431 620 558,707 1,027,654 31,490 15,873 505,736 214,236 ( 10) 31,232 9,702 21,405 36,265 82,721 139,885 310,116 30,081 13,780 13,279 27,111 1,325 3,067 758,351 366,979 273,089 565,998 191,308 93,406 8,442 17,565 151,969 322,485 18,516 37,480 27,118 55,829 75,468 35,699 5,983 11,245 98,625 43,554 21,766 10,539 8,266 17,577 2,294 4,492 182,433 356,089 54,400 105,909 99,732 192,175 8,785 4,369 28,841 14,445 5,129 11,550 4,358 8,827 134,096 226,358 30,872 101,071 20,145 48,307 2,320 52 10,634 2,106 307 1,143 5,379 838 845 16 12,007 7,771 4,228 479 2,893 184 376 558 119 1.329 233 71 23 1,452 249 396 52 371 157 227 1,725 3,249 1.330 ( 10) (i°) (10) ( 10) (iO) (i-i) o; (10) ( io: (i°) s a a (10 ) (i°) ( ) 10 3.2 1.0 0 .8 2.8 2.6 96.0 96.7 95.9 96.4 2.3 .8 .5 1.3 97.7 2.8 0 .6 98.6 0 99.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22.0 76.6 97.4 1.4 1.1 0 .7 .4 .6 .3 .4 .5 0 1.5 2.1 .5 .2 .3 0 .5 .4 0 .3 0 0 0 0 .5 .8 .4 .3 .9 .8 8.5 1.5 0 .3 3.1 .3 1.9 10.1 1.1 .1 3.6 0 2.8 3.1 2.2 1.3 1.4 0 1.6 3.4 0 .6 0 0 1.8 1.6 1.5 0 1.3 0 2.6 1.7 .4 .7 97.2 90.0 99.0 0 96.5 89.3 99.7 97.8 98.5 99.4 96.4 0 95.7 94.8 97.3 98.5 98.3 0 97.9 96.2 0 99.1 100.0 0 0 97.7 98.4 97.7 0 98.7 0 97.0 98.0 98.7 98.5 14 12 18 13 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 66 0 0 2.5 (ID 38 1,176 0 0 .3 (6) 1.5 GO) 1,386 77 1,210 132 1,445 104 1,200 (6) .4 Perma Tempo nent- rary- Fre partial total quency Sever ity 3 disa disa bility bility 100 0 0 500 26 4,000 77 1,819 279 2,065 65 1,350 1,383 68 2,283 85 26 53 58 42 73 1,445 1,360 2,400 1,227 1,692 500 1,717 147 189 69 41 51 0 59 97 0 39 13 1,427 1,525 1,169 1,192 1,508 0 800 1,795 0 1,625 201 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 66 1,288 48 1,975 85 1,633 0 0 34 1,640 0 0 66 1,017 58 1,624 76 1,800 86 2,911 13 10 14 17 (12) 0 0 31.1 17.8 28.3 29.4 42.7 27.1 29.3 32.6 34.1 48.6 36.4 18 2.3 1.7 19 32 18 14 16 13 13 15 17 12 0 0 0 0 3.9 3.1 5.5 4.7 1.2 7.6 1.9 .5 1.1 8.3 .7 2.5 .4 13.6 1.2 37.7 39.8 14 13 0 14 15 0 (13) 39.8 40.8 41.8 45.5 17 13 101 0 Injury rates 4 12 13 14 16 15 12 13 13 15 16 21.0 67.4 14.3 13.8 17.3 27.9 31.2 5.2 15.8 13.7 22.1 27.3 9.0 4.9 6.7 7.4 10.6 13.5 10 7 4.0 5.1 4.1 2.4 2.1 5.9 12.9 13.6 25.7 7.6 32.1 27.5 2.5 4.0 0 .2 1.8 13.5 .4 .7 1.0 1.2 2.3 .1 2.3 2.6 1.5 1.1 .5 .2 .4 .7 .5 .5 .1 .1 .1 .3 .1 .2 .1 .4 1.7 .4 2.5 2.4 1.8 APPENDIX 13 Table A.— Injury rates and injuries by extent of d s b l t , 1949— Continued iaiiy [All reporting establishments] Percent of disabling in juries resulting in 2— Industry (1) N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g —Continued Trade..................................................... Wholesale distributors_______ _____ Retail, general merchandise................. Retail, food........................................ Wholesale and retail dairy products. Retail automobiles and accessories___ Filling stations...................................... Retail apparel and accessories.............. Miscellaneous retail stores..................... Wholesale and retail building supplies. Wholesale and retail trade, not else where classified. _ Mining and quarrying: 8 Coal mines............................................. Bituminous..................................... Anthracite...................................... Metal mines............................. Iron........................................................ Copper... ......................................... Lead-zinc...................... ................. Gold-silver............................................ Gold placer.......................................... Miscellaneous metal.............................. Nonmetal mines.................................... Quarries................................................. Cement (excluding mills).............. Limestone....................................... Lime......................................... Marble............................................. Granite........................................... Traprock......... ............................... Slate................................................. Sandstone........................................ Ore dressing (mills and auxiliaries)__ Copper............................................ Iron.................................................. Gold-silver...................................... Lead-zinc........................................ Miscellaneous metals...................... Number Average Employee- Number Death of estab number of hours of and lishments employees1 worked disabling perma Perma Tempo All dis nentreporting (thousands) injuries nent- partial rary- abili total total disa disa ties 8* disa bility bility bility (4) (3) (2) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Perma nentpartial disa bility Injury rates 4* Tempo rary- Fre Sever total disa quency ity 8 bility GO) CD (12) 8,930 2,580 457 810 389 941 269 769 1,669 677 369 358,530 91,459 87,285 33,474 28; 052 21,172 3,235 26,902 35; 423 21,418 10,110 740,419 190,545 160,432 74,083 65,196 48,026 7,351 52,769 74; 502 46,002 21,509 9,036 2,544 821 876 1,497 685 35 233 726 1,265 354 .3 .4 .2 .2 .1 (6* ) .3 .4 .6 1.8 1.8 .5 .9 1.8 1.0 (6) 2.1 1.4 3.9 .8 97.9 97.8 99.3 99 1 98.0 98.9 (6) 97.9 98.3 95.7 98.6 49 54 32 22 61 25 (6)39 51 68 52 1,110 1,057 638 1,063 1,883 543 (6) 1,170 1,450 847 300 13 812.9 11 13.4 5.1 15 12 11.8 23.0 15 10 14.3 (6)14 4.8 4.4 15 9.7 12 27.5 16 16.5 (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) 00 (8) 00 00 (8) (8) (8) 00 (8) 00 (8) (8) (8) (8) 00 00 482,800 404,800 78,000 68,300 27, 500 13,800 15,900 4,800 3,500 2,800 12,300 54,961 4,161 23,800 9,300 3,300 6,000 2,500 1,800 4,100 16,600 6,400 3,600 900 4,100 1,600 650,030 541,230 108,800 143,770 54,380 34,490 31,950 10,400 6, 670 5,880 27,380 111, 686 9,336 44,200 22,070 6,810 12,770 4,780 3,970 7,750 35,290 15,290 6,220 2,140 8,210 3,430 38,358 30,085 8,273 6,714 1,157 1,142 2,828 975 190 422 1,150 4,134 127 1,650 825 220 538 234 203 337 777 213 83 65 236 180 •1.5 ®1.7 • 1.1 •1.1 •1.9 • 1.1 91.0 9 1.0 9.5 9.9 91.3 93.9 •1.5 91.2 9.6 91.7 91.5 9.6 9.9 91.4 (10) (10) (10) (i°) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) 0°) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (i°) (10) (10) (10) (10) (i°) (i°) (!°) (i°) 0°) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (i°) (i°) (i°) (i°) (i°) (i°) 0°) (10) (i°) (10) (10) (10) 0°) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (1°) (i°) (10) (10) (i°) (10) (10) (i°) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (!0) (!0) (10) (10) (i°) (10) (i0) (10) (10) (i°) (i°) (10) 0°) (10) (10) (i°) (10) (10) (10) (i°) 0°) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) 1 Reports in this survey secured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics include all employees—production and related workers; force-account construction workers; administrative, supervisory, sales, technical, service, and office personnel. Reports compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior (see footnote 8) include men engaged in production, develop ment, maintenance, and repair work, and supervisory and technical personnel at the operation; but exclude office personnel and employees in stores or affiliated operations not directly connected with mining or refining. W2 Based on reports which furnished details regarding the resulting disabili ties, constituting approximately 60 percent of the total sample. 3 Each death or permanent-total disability is charged with a time loss of 6,000 days. 4 The frequency rate is the average number of disabling injuries for each million employee-hours worked. The severity rate is the average number of days lost or charged for each thousand employee-hours worked. The standard time-loss ratings for fatalities and permanent disabilities are given in Method of Compiling Industrial Injury Rates, approved by the American Standards Association, 1945. Average days lost or charged per case 13 2 93.6 9.4 59.0 55.6 76.0 46.7 21.3 33.1 88.5 93.8 28.5 71.8 42.0 37.0 13.6 37.3 37.4 32.3 42.1 49.0 51.1 43.5 22.0 13.9 13.3 30.4 28.8 52.5 (13) «.6 .7 .2 .3 1.4 .3 .2 .2 .5 1.9 .9 (i°) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) 0°) 0°) (10) (JJ) (10) (10) (10$ (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) 0°) 0°) (10) (10) • Weighted according to estimates of total employment in each industry. • Disability distribution and average time charges not given because of small numbei of injuries for which details were reported. 7 Less than 0.05. s Compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior; data represent preliminary estimated industry totals, based on an average of 80 percent coverage of all mining industries. 9 Fatalities only. 10Not available. 11 Primarily reported by company instead of by establishment. 78Includes “Wrecking and demolition work,” shown separately for 1948. is Does not include railroads and other interstate transportation. 14 Includes integrated local transportation systems operating streetcars, busses, and/or elevated and subway lines. Totals include figures for industries not shown separately because of insufficient coverage. WORK INJURIES IN TEE UNITED STATES DURINQ 1949 14 Table B.— Changes in exposure, disabling i j r e , and injury rates for 41,408 identical establishments, nuis 1948-49 Industry ( 1) Manufacturing Total, manufacturing............................................................................ . Apparel and other finished textile products______________ ______ Clothing, men’s and boys’................................................................ Clothing, women’s and children’s.................................................... Millinery............................................................................................. Apparel and accessories, not elsewhere classified............................ Trimmings and fabricated textile products, not elsewhere classi fied_________________________________________________ Chemicals and allied products4________________ ____ _________ Compressed and liquefied gases....................................................... Drugs, toiletries, and insecticides.................... ................................ Explosives.......................................................................................... Fertilizers........................................................................................... Industrial chemicals........................................................................... Paints, varnishes, and colors............................................................. Paving and roofing materials............................................................ Plastic materials, except rubber........................................................ Soap and glycerin............................................................................... Synthetic textile fibers.................................................. ................... Vegetable and animal oils.................................................................. Chemical products, not elsewhere classified.................................... Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies..................................... Automotive electrical equipment..................................................... Batteries.............................................................................................. Communication and signaling equipment, except radio................ Electrical appliances.......................................................................... Electrical equipment for industrial use______________________ Electrical lamps (bulbs)__________________________ _______ Insulated wire and cable._________________________________ Radios and phonographs______________________________ I___ Electrical equipment, not elsewhere classified................................. Food products............................... ...................... ................................... Baking................................................................................................. Bottling, soft drinks........................................................................... Breweries............................................................................................ Canning and preserving..................................................................... Confectionery..................................................................................... Dairy products................................................................................... Distilleries........................................................................................... Flour, feed, and grain-mill products................................................. Slaughtering and meat packing................................ ....................... Sugar, beet......................................................................................... Food products, not elsewhere classified........................................... Furniture and finished lumber products........ ...................................... Furniture, metal......................................................... ...................... Furniture, except metal..................................................................... Mattresses and bedsprings................................................................. Morticians’ supplies........................................................................... Office, store, and restaurant fixtures................................................. Wooden containers............................................................................. Miscellaneous wood products, not elsewhere classified................... Iron and steel and their products............................................................ Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets........................................................ Cold-finished steel............................................................................. Cutlery and edge tools....................................................................... Fabricated structural steel................................................................ Forgings, iron and steel..................................................................... Foundries, iron................ *................................................................ Foundries, steel.................................................................................. Hardware............................................................................................ Heating equipment, not elsewhere classified................................... Iron and steel..................................................................................... Metal coating and engraving............................................................. Ornamental metal work.................................................................... Plate fabrication and boiler-shop products..................................... Plumbers’ supplies.......•.................................................................... Screw-machine products.................................................................... Sheet-metal work............................................................................... Stamped and pressed metal products............................................... Steam fittings and apparatus............................................................ Steel barrels, kegs, drums, and packages......................................... Steel springs........................................................................................ Tin cans and other tinware............................................................... Tools, except edge tools..................................................................... Vitreous-enameled products.............................................................. Wire and wire products...................................................................... Wrought pipes, welded and heavy-riveted______ _____________ Iron and steel products, not elsewhere classified............................. See footnotes at end of table. Percent of change in— Number of estab lishments Employeereporting Employees hours Disabling Total time Frequency Severity rate lost1 rate 1 worked injuries (2) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (3) 26,321 1,410 611 629 61 69 260 1,708 64 264 44 306 324 366 17 37 104 22 31 146 864 34 40 36 63 447 27 36 160 21 3,194 661 147 236 338 204 265 87 456 646 57 207 1,783 67 698 189 88 85 352 304 3,835 75 41 107 344 141 657 111 144 213 174 95 92 178 97 151 83 337 153 24 27 97 151 21 187 14 121 -9 -1 -3 +2 -4 —9 +1 -7 -4 +1 +6 -2 -9 -8 +54 -7 (*)-14 -4 -3 -13 -10 -16 -21 -22 -14 -15 -16 -1 (3) -1 (8) -4 -1 -6 -7 -1 -9 -1 +4 -3 -3 -8 -7 -7 -7 -4 -11 -11 -12 -11 -17 -9 -8 -3 -14 -19 -22 -3 -19 -9 -18 -13 -11 -16 -16 -13 -6 -15 -8 -8 -3 -14 -20 -11 -11 -10 -11 -3 -6 (8)+13 -14 +3 -7 -7 <8) +3 -3 -12 -9 +44 +10 -1 -14 -5 -7 -15 -12 -21 -25 -24 -15 -16 -18 (8) (8) -2 (8) -5 -6 -4 -7 -3 -12 -2 +3 -2 -3 -12 -8 -13 -9 -10 -14 -1« -15 -15 -22 -14 -13 -7 -17 -26 -28 -7 -21 -13 -18 -12 -14 -20 -20 -15 -8 -19 -10 -8 -4 -18 -23 -14 -14 -14 -26 -10 -19 -14 +8 -15 +18 -24 -10 -11 -47 -20 -30 -29 +6 -31 -7 -30 -1 -24 -30 -28 -41 -32 -40 -31 -5 -40 -19 +36 -14 -11 -20 -23 -11 -21 -14 -14 -14 -9 -19 -6 -23 -9 -23 -24 -25 +4 -24 -33 -32 -29 -32 -41 -15 -34 -39 -44 -22 -39 -24 -15 -16 -38 -34 -26 -30 -34 -28 -30 -27 -19 -29 -48 -27 -17 -36 -15 +11 +56 +89 -20 +122 -27 -40 +325 -50 -27 -9 -57 +3 +35 -42 -28 -44 -56 -91 -18 -42 +113 -54 -51 -22 (8)-70 +118 <*> (8) +4 +194 -16 -34 +5 -33 +386 +82 +46 +95 -62 -13 -39 -12 -69 +370 +19 -18 -16 -27 -36 -72 -49 -21 -45 -14 -20 -11 -44 -21 -62 -12 -16 -48 +118 -71 -34 -58 +509 +12 -33 -21 -50 -59 +6 +27 a-12 2-4 -14 -14 -2 -2 +15 2-19 -4 -10 -49 -18 -21 -22 -26 -37 -7 -17 +4 -18 2-18 -18 -25 -8 -21 -19 +13 -26 -20 +36 *-11 -11 -16 -18 -7 -15 -12 -2 -12 -11 -17 -3 3-14 -2 -11 -17 -17 +21 -11 -21 3-18 -9 -21 -33 -9 -21 -18 -22 -16 -22 -12 +2 -5 -28 -17 -8 -18 -28 -11 -22 -20 -16 -13 -32 -16 -3 -25 2-6 3+12 +64 +90 -40 +140 -30 2-43 +370 -48 -43 -7 -48 +13 -6 -29 -26 -38 -54 -90 *-8 -39 +166 -49 -35 -7 (#) -64 +105 (#) (38) +5 +206 -11 -32 +15 -31 +479 +86 +39 +98 -61 2-1 -34 +1 -66 +425 +37 -4 +2 3-15 -20 -66 -43 -17 -31 +13 +6 -15 -31 -7 -53 +1 -1 -39 +152 -65 -36 -49 +493 +25 -26 -8 -35 -53 +31 +49 APPENDIX 15 Table B.— Changes in exposure, disabling i j r e , and injury rates for 41,408 identical establishments, nuis 1948-49— Continued Industry (1) Manufacturing—Continued Leather and leather products—.............................................................. Boots and shoes, not rubber............................................................. Leather....... ....................................................................................... Leather products, not elsewhere classified....................................... Lumber and timber basic products......................................................... Logging.........................................................................................— Millwork (structural)—................................................................... Planing mills________ _________________________ _____ ___ Plywood mills— ................................................................... .......... Sawmills....................... ..................................................................... Saw and planing mills, integrated........................... ........... ............ Veneer mills—................................................................................... Machinery, except electrical..................................................................... Agricultural machinery and tractors— ..................................... Bearings, ball and roller.................................................................... Commercial and household machinery............................................ Construction and mining machinery........................................... . Elevators, escalators, and conveyors.......................... ............... . Engines and turbines..................................................................... Fabricated pipe and fittings.............................................................. Food-products machinery................................................................. General industrial machinery and equipment, not elsewhere classified......................................................................................... . General machine shops (jobbing and repair)................................... Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments........................ Mechanical power-transmission equipment, except ball and roller bearings— .............................................................................. Metalworking machinery.................................................................. Pumps and compressors.................................................................. Special-industry machinery, not elsewhere classified—................... Textile machinery............................................................................ . Non ferrous metals and their products.................................................... Aluminum and magnesium products................................... .......... Foundries, nonferrous..............................................-........................ Nonferrous basic shapes and forms.................................................. Watches, clocks, jewelry, and silverware......................................... Nonferrous metal products, not elsewhere classified....................... Ordnance and accessories...................................*......... ......................... Paper and allied products........................................................................ Envelopes........................................................................................... Paper boxes and containers............................................................... Paper and pulp................................................................................ . Paper products, not elsewhere classified.......................................... Printing and publishing........................................................................... Book and job printing....................................................................... Bookbinding...................................................................................... News and periodical—................. *................................................. . Rubber products........................................-............................................ Rubber boots and shoes.................................................................... Rubber tires and tubes.................................................................... Rubber products, not elsewhere classified....................................... Stone, clay, and glass products............................................................... Clay products (structural)................................................................ Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products........................................ . Cut stone and cut-stone products..................................................... Glass....................-.................................. -....................................... . Pottery and related products............................................................ Stone, clay, and glass products, not elsewhere classified-............... Textiles and textile-mill products—....................................................... Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings......................................... . Cordage and twine............................................................................. Cotton yarn and textiles................................................................... Dyeing and finishing textiles............................................................ Hats, except cloth and millinery...................................................... Knit goods.......................................................................................... Rayon, other synthetic, and silk textiles......................................... Woolen and worsted textiles.............................................................. Miscellaneous textile goods, not elsewhere classified............... ....... See footnotes at end of table. Percent of change in— Number of estab Employeelishments reporting Employees hours Disabling Total time Frequency Severity rate rate 1 lost1 worked injuries (7) (8) (5) (6) (4) (2) (3) 611 367 154 90 1,187 155 332 167 56 350 86 41 2,974 198 49 207 256 51 51 6 129 376 265 77 76 692 90 338 114 662 38 301 34 117 172 15 875 76 480 130 189 2,230 1,423 49 758 240 27 34 179 1,021 330 208 55 206 120 102 2,055 72 50 515 298 23 547 185 312 53 -5 -4 -7 -5 -9 -17 -6 -8 -11 -6 -6 -23 -14 -8 -20 -18 -18 -11 -14 -1 -16 -12 -14 -3 -20 -15 -10 -17 -17 -15 -25 -16 -16 -14 -13 -15 -4 -3 -5 (3) -6 (3) -2 -4 +2 -10 -12 -11 -10 -7 -2 -1 -5 -6 -10 -15 -10 -12 -15 -9 -3 -4 -8 -9 -19 -4 -6 -6 -8 -11 -12 -23 -10 -6 -16 -11 -6 -30 -17 -10 -19 -20 -22 -15 -15 -5 -20 -15 -19 -7 -23 -19 -13 -19 -22 -18 -25 -20 -21 -16 -14 -19 -6 -6 -5 -5 -7 -1 -4 (3) +2 -14 -15 -17 -10 -10 -4 -5 -6 -9 -17 -15 -15 -15 -18 -17 -5 -5 -11 -14 -21 -10 -14 -10 -20 +1 -16 -14 -17 -16 -23 -12 -16 -48 -34 -30 -36 -37 -39 -19 -30 -5 -39 -34 -39 -26 -32 -31 -22 -31 -55 -28 -42 -28 -28 -27 -25 -4 -20 +12 -20 -24 -21 -8 -16 -43 +2 -27 -11 -43 -20 -18 -11 -8 -17 -20 -27 -27 -25 -19 -36 -25 -12 -6 -29 -35 -28 -35 -8 -5 -11 +30 -21 -4 -14 -14 -55 -39 -11 -34 -16 -4 -12 -12 -43 -5 +6 +104 -2 -2 -47 -83 -60 -37 -1 +36 -33 -7 -56 +61 -60 -37 +1 +18 -23 -37 -52 -17 +35 -34 -48 -60 -13 +7 -38 -31 +24 -5 -4 +8 -16 -36 -30 +175 -15 -15 -30 -21 +48 +3 -29 -51 -37 -54 2 -4 -5 -13 +14 2 —2 +11 -8 -11 -8 -1 -10 -26 3 -20 -22 -21 -22 -21 -5 -18 (3)-23 -22 -25 -21 -12 -14 -11 -14 -42 a -13 -23 -9 -9 -13 -13 +19 2-17 +19 -16 -20 -14 * -12 -11 -43 (3) 2 -17 +4 -32 -11 2-10 -7 -3 -12 -12 -13 -14 3 -14 -6 -22 -10 -8 -1 -21 -24 -10 -28 2 +4 0) -4 +49 2 -7 +24 -4 -10 -45 -30 —5 -5 2+5 +14 +13 +11 -28 +9 +29 +122 +15 +16 -34 -79 -53 -23 +20 +62 -17 3 -5 -42 +98 -53 -25 +10 +52 2 -19 -32 -50 -13 +46 2 -42 -46 -61 -14 2+14 -31 -14 +33 2+29 <3) +13 -11 -28 -14 +213 * -7 (3) -15 -3 +56 +9 -24 -43 -26 -48 WORK INJURIES IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1949 16 Table B.— Changes in exposure, disabling i j r e , and injury rates for 41,408 identical establishments, nuis 1948-49— Continued Industry 1 ( ) Manufacturing—Gontinued Transportation equipment................................................... Aircraft............................................................................ Aircraft parts.................................................................. Boatbuilding and repairing........................................... Motor vehicles-............................................................... Motor-vehicle parts...................................... ............... . Railroad equipment....................................................... Shipbuilding and repairing. .......................................... Transportation equipment, not elsewhere ClassifiedMiscellaneous manufacturing.............................................. Brooms and brushes............. . ....................................... Fabricated plastic products....................-..................... Optical and ophthalmic goods....................................... Photographic apparatus and materials......................... Professional and scientific instruments and supplies.. Tobacco products........................................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing, not elsewhere classified. Nonmanufaduring Construction46..................................................................... General building contractors......................................... Heavy construction, except highway and street......... Highway and street construction.................................. Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning...................... Painting, paperhanging, and decorating.................... Electrical work............................................................... Masonry, stone setting, and other stonework............... Plastering and lathing.................................................... Carpentering................................................................... Roofing and sheet-metal work...................................... Structural-steel erection and ornamental iron work... Special trade contractors, other..................................... Communication:6 Telephone (wire and radio)........................................... Radio broadcasting and television................................ Transportation4•................................................-.............. Stevedoring............................................-«....................... Streetcar.......................................................................... Bus (local)....................................................................... Local transportation systems, integrated..................... Trucking and hauling (local)......................................... Warehousing and storage............................................... Heat, light, and power4«.................................................... Electric light and power........ ........................................ Gas........................... ..................................................— Waterworks •.......................................................................... Personal services................................................................... Dry cleaning................................................................... Laundries..................................-.................................... Laundry with dry cleaning........................................... Amusements and related services................................ Hotels.............................................. -..................... .— Eating and drinking places........................................... Medical and other professional services........................ Miscellaneous personal services..................................... Business services................................................................... Banks and other financial agencies............................... Insurance....................................................................... Real estate...................................................................... Miscellaneous business services..................................... Automobile repair shops and garages........................... Miscellaneous repair services........................................ Educational services................................................... ......... Fire departments.................................................................. Police departments............................................................... See footnotes at end of table. Percent of change inistabments Employeejrting Employees hours Disabling Total time Frequency Severity lost i rate rate 1 worked injuries (2) (4) (5) (6) (7) (3) (8) 697 20 66 70 188 148 71 129 16 960 68 106 42 36 106 163 449 -2 +9 +6 -25 +7 -10 -22 -21 -39 -7 -12 -11 -6 -9 -2 -4 -8 2,258 834 207 342 189 99 177 45 53 35 91 34 35 (8) (8) h h (8) (8) (*) (8) (8) (8) <•) (8) (8) 105 383 924 53 15 233 37 , 338 212 567 358 195 135 2,356 511 481 427 104 317 319 121 76 1,939 686 377 160 242 258 216 180 205 135 -1 -2 -1 (8) -4 -6 +2 (3) -7 +3 +3 +3 +2 -6 -6 -8 -5 -1 -7 -4 +1 -2 +1 +1 +2 -2 -6 -2 -7 +5 +3 +4 -3 +6 +5 -26 +6 -10 -24 -25 -41 -10 -15 -13 -7 -13 -4 -6 -11 -26 -8 -3 -29 -25 -32 -37 -24 -62 -20 -25 -7 -14 -24 -16 -14 -14 +7 -10 +26 -13 +16 +13 -11 +1 -45 -4 -1 -10 -24 -40 +64 -27 -1 2 -21 -14 -8 -4 -30 -24 -17 +2 -35 2 _ ii -11 +8 -7 -14 -12 -10 -15 2+13 -7 +26 +21 +7 +17 +16 +23 -6 2+7 +18 (3) -18 -29 +89 -22 +10 -1 -1 -10 +6 +8 -4 -5 -11 +9 +15 +3 +40 +1 +8 +8 +9 +4 +8 -22 +36 -20 +40 -24 +8 -2 +34 -6 -2 -21 -10 -32 +114 -50 -87 +153 +17 +145 +10 -31 +9 +9 +20 -1 (3)-19 +44 -9 +29 -34 +5 -30 +33 -5 -1 -13 -15 -37 +123 -47 -86 +133 +2 +137 -21 -32 -3 -17 -5 -16 (3)-37 -9 -20 -13 -23 -7 -11 (3) +7 -18 -37 -25 -16 +46 -10 -42 -28 -34 -5 +11 -2 -11 -5 -4 -25 -2 +6 -3 -25 -87 -18 -8 -77 -60 -3 +20 -45 +12 +21 -19 -22 -19 -63 +25 -22 +87 +4 -77 -78 -42 -34 +166 -16 -82 -85 -9 -48 -9 +58 -7 -15 -6 -12 +4 -31 -2 -17 -14 -14 -8 -12 -2 +5 -12 -31 -17 -10 +54 -3 -40 -28 -33 -5 +9 -5 -9 +2 -2 -17 -3 +1 -7 -25 -88 -14 -5 -75 -57 +1 +17 -40 +10 +20 -20 -23 -14 -60 +39 -17 +92 +11 -77 -78 -38 -35 +140 -18 -82 -83 -6 -42 -10 +50 -11 (3) -5 -4 -8 -7 -4 +2 -10 +1 +1 +2 +2 -7 -9 -10 -7 -5 -8 -3 -1 -2 +1 +2 +2 -3 -7 -2 -10 (8) +5 +4 APPENDIX 17 Table B.—Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury rates for 41,408 identical establishments, 1948-49—Continued Industry (1 ) Percent of change in— Number of estab lishments Employeereporting Employees hours Disabling Total time Frequency Severity lost1 rate rate 1 worked injuries (2 ) Nonmanufacturing—Continued Trade......................................................................................................... Wholesale distributors........................................................................ Retail, general merchandise.............................................................. Retail food.......................................................................................... Wholesale and retail dairy products.................................................. Retail automobiles and accessories................................................... Filling stations................................................................................... Retail apparel and accessories........................................................... Miscellaneous retail stores.................................................................. Wholesale and retail building supplies............................................. Wholesale and retail trade, not elsewhere classified......................... 1 Based on reports which furnished details on the resulting disabilities, constituting approximately 60 percent of the total sample. The standard time-loss ratings for fatalities and permanent disabilities are given in Method of Compiling Industrial Injury Rates, approved by the American Standards Association, 1945. 8Weighted according to estimates of total employment in each industry. 5 ,9 0 0 1 ,8 5 3 348 462 286 560 127 473 1 ,0 2 5 473 293 (3 ) -1 (3) — 2 00 (5 ) (4 ) + 2 + 4 + 1 -2 -1 -2 -4 -1 -1 -2 + 3 -1 + 6 -1 (3) - 3 -2 —3 (6 ) -1 4 -1 9 -6 -2 2 -7 -3 -3 8 + 3 -7 -1 4 -2 4 -2 2 + 7 +29 -1 7 -2 1 -7 6 +118 +350 -1 8 -3 7 -6 2 (7 ) (8 ) 8- 1 6 -1 8 -4 -2 4 -6 -8 -3 7 + 4 -4 -1 2 -2 1 8—3 3 +9 +31 -1 8 -2 0 -7 7 +111 +400 -1 6 -3 6 -6 1 3 Change was less than 0.5 percent. 4 Totals include figures for industries not shown separately, because of in sufficient coverage. * Not available. • Primarily reported by company instead of by establishments. WORK INJURIES IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 191,9 18 Table C.—Distribution of all reported injuries resulting in permanent-partial disability, according to part of body affected, by industry, 1949 Percent of permanent-partial disability cases involving the loss, or loss of use of— Industry Total (1) Manufacturing Total, manufacturing1...................................................... Chemicals and allied products1.......................................... Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies1.............. Food products 1.................................................................... Baking............................................................................ Breweries........................................................................ Canning and preserving............................................... Flour, feed, and grain-mill products............................ Slaughtering and meat packing................................... Furniture and finished lumber products 1......................... Furniture, except metal............................................... Wooden containers........................................................ Miscellaneous wood products, not elsewhere classifiedIron and steel and their products L....... ........................... Fabricated structural steel-........................................ Forgings, iron and steel............. .................................. Foundries, iron............................................................. Hardware........................................ ........................... Heating equipment, not elsewhere classified.......... . Iron and steel................................................................ Stamped and pressed metal products......................... Leather and leather products1............................................ Leather.......................................................................... Lumber and timber basic products1.................................. Logging................................................................... Sawmills......................................................................... Saw and planing mills, integrated............................... Millwork (structural)..................................................... Machinery, except electrical1.............................................. Agricultural machinery and tractors........................... Commercial and household machinery....................... Construction and mining machinery........................... General industrial machinery and equipment, not elsewhere classified.............. ..................................... Metalworking machinery............................................ Special-industry machinery, not elsewhere classified. . Nonferrous metals and their products 1............................. Paper and allied products 1................................................. Paper boxes and containers...................... ................... Paper and pulp............................................................. Printing and publishing 1................................................... Book and job printing............................................. . News and periodical...................................................... Rubber products 1............................................................... Stone, clay, and glass products 1......................................... Clay products (structural)—......................................... Glass..... ........................................................................ Stone, clay, and glass products, not elsewhere classified...................................................................... Textiles and textile-mill products *.................................... Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings..................... Cotton yam and textiles............................................. Dyeing and finishing textiles....................................... Woolen and worsted textiles......................................... Transportation equipment 1.__.......................................... Aircraft......................................................................... . Motor vehicles............................................................... Motor-vehicle parts....................................................... Railroad equipment...................................................... Shipbuilding and repairing..................*....................... Miscellaneous manufacturing1.......................................... . See footnotes at end of table. (2) A hand or fingers (4) An arm (3) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 3 2 3 6 1 10 2 7 7 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 0 1 3 1 2 4 A foot or toes (6) A leg (5) 3 7 2 1 1 9 77 75 79 68 84 55 79 65 81 87 87 84 87 78 63 84 72 94 78 69 93 92 90 61 23 69 60 94 77 77 90 70 69 79 75 92 87 76 86 82 77 85 76 71 66 71 80 77 63 92 65 86 77 60 82 85 72 42 3 1 1 5 3 5 2 7 5 2 2 0 7 3 5 0 2 2 3 5 0 1 0 14 35 6 10 0 3 4 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 5 1 3 4 2 1 3 6 0 2 3 5 1 7 0 2 7 1 0 1 88 2 7 4 11 0 2 2 0 4 5 5 0 3 1 2 5 2 1 0 2 7 6 7 7 2 6 10 3 4 5 4 8 9 8 12 15 10 21 9 13 5 3 3 5 0 10 22 10 17 0 3 14 3 1 2 6 11 11 2 0 11 7 6 19 21 6 14 4 5 12 5 10 17 4 9 13 13 10 12 11 21 2 18 2 5 8 3 5 13 12 2 One or both Other and ears (hearing) unclassified (8) (9) An eye (7) 4 6 2 3 1 5 6 4 2 4 3 8 4 4 5 6 3 0 6 7 1 2 4 6 8 2 11 2 4 4 1 1 2 6 3 2 2 0 (2) (2) 4 4 1 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (2) 0 0 0 0 0 (2) 0 0 0 ( 2) 2 1 0 0 ( 2) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 3 4 4 7 4 2 0 1 6 2 4 3 1 ( 2) 0 0 0 0 3 0 4 7 3 3 1 4 2 4 0 3 3 3 2 3 3 0 4 4 9 2 2 2 0 14 7 6 4 3 6 0 8 5 1 6 0 0 1 2 1 2 7 4 4 3 4 5 0 1 1 1 0 5 9 15 8 5 9 21 5 APPENDIX 19 Table C.—Distribution of all reported injuries resulting in permanent-partial disability, according to part of body affected, by industry, 1949—Continued* Percent of permanent-partial disability cases involving the loss, or loss of use of— Industry (1) Non manufacturing Construction1___________________________________ General building contractors____________________ Heavy construction, except highway and street____ Highway and street construction________________ Structural-steel erection and ornamental iron work.. Transportation1_________________________________ Stevedoring _______________________________ Local transportation systems, integrated__________ Heat, light, and power1 _________________________ Electric light and power_______________________ Gas_______________ ___________ _____________ Personal services1________ _______________________ Trade 1__________ _____________________ _________ Wholesalei adistributors_________________________ W h n lf is a lf n r e t a i l b u ild in g s u p p lie s 1 Totals include data for industries not shown separately. * Less than 0.5 percent. Total An arm (3) (2) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 7 5 8 7 10 6 7 11 7 9 3 5 6 2 0 A hand or fingers (4) 53 55 54 65 31 43 38 47 56 55 55 61 66 67 80 A foot or toes (6) A leg (5) 9 7 9 4 25 10 7 13 8 8 9 8 6 4 4 14 13 17 9 18 26 32 11 18 16 22 18 9 11 12 One or both Other and ears (hearing) unclassified (S) (9) An eye (7) 7 7 8 7 3 2 1 7 3 6 3 4 9 0 4 2 2 0 3 3 (2) (2) 0 (2) 0 1 0 0 0 0 8 11 4 5 10 13 15 11 7 9 4 5 9 7 4 20 WORK IN JU RIES IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1949 Table D.—Distribution of temporary-total disabilities, by duration of disability, 1949 1 Industry Number of cases2 (1) (2) Total, manufacturing Manufacturing *........................................................ Apparel and other finished textile products: Clothing, men’s and boys’............................................ Clothing, women’s and children’s................................ Trimmings and fabricated textile products, not else where classified........................ .................................. Chemicals and allied products: Drugs, toiletries, and insecticides................................. Fertilizers....................................................................... Industrial chemicals...................................................... Paints, varnishes, and colors........................................ Chemical products, not elsewhere classified................ Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies: Batteries......................................................................... Electrical appliances...................................................... Electrical equipment for industrial use........................ Radios and phonographs............................................... Food products: Baking............................... ........................................... Bottling, soft drinks...................................................... Breweries....................................................................... Canning and preserving................................................ Confectionery................................................................. Dairy products.............. ...... ....................................... Flour, feed, and grain-mill products............................. Slaughtering and meat packing.................................... Sugar, beet.................................... ................................. Sugar, cane..................................................................... Food products, not elsewhere classified....................... Furniture and finished lumber products: Furniture, metal........................................................... Furniture, except metal................................................ Mattresses and nedsprings............................................. Office, store, and restaurant fixtures............................ Wooden containers......................................................... Miscellaneous wood products, not elsewhere classi fied...................... ...................................................... Iron and steel and their products: Cutlery and edge tools................................................... Fabricated structural steel............................................ Forgings, iron and steel___________ _____________ Foundries, iron.............................................................. Foundries, steel-............................................................ Hardware___________________________________ Heating equipment, not elsewhere classified............... Iron and steel................................................................. Ornamental metal work................................................ Plate fabrication and boiler-shop products.................. Plumbers’ supplies........................................................ Sheet-metal work........................................................... Stamped and pressed metal products.......................... Steam fittings and apparatus........................................ Tin cans and other tinware........................................... Tools, except edge tools................................................ Wire and wire products................................................. Iron and steel products, not elsewhere classified......... Leather and leather products: Boots and shoes, not rubber......................................... Leather.......................................................................... Lumber and timber basic products: Logging........................................................................... Sawmills......................................................................... Saw and planing mills, integrated................................ Planing mills.................................................................. Plywood mills................................................................ Millwork (structural)..................................................... See footnotes at end of table. Percent of cases resulting in— 1, 2, or 3 days 4 or more days of disability of disability (3) (4) Total days lost2 (5) Percent of total days lost accruing from— 1-, 2-, or 3-day 4-or-more-day cases cases (6) (7) 88,472 34.0 66.0 1,436,194 4.0 533 311 539 42.6 47.9 28.6 57.4 52.1 71.4 5,096 3,147 7,112 8.1 7.9 4.0 91.9 92.1 96.0 416 782 709 628 236 42.5 30.3 26.7 44.1 28.4 57.5 69.7 73.3 55.9 71.6 5,602 11,633 14,060 7,346 3,255 5.5 4.1 2.4 7.1 3.8 94.5 95.9 97.6 92.9 96.2 233 261 1,452 299 41.6 33.3 32.3 42.5 58.4 66.7 67.7 57.5 2,457 3,621 23,527 3,560 8.3 5.2 3.7 7.2 91.7 94.8 96.3 92.8 1,674 255 2,585 1,837 778 428 1,396 3,329 496 444 741 34.5 50.6 30.0 33.4 36.8 34.6 32.7 40.4 35.7 20.5 32.9 65.5 49.4 70.0 66.6 63.2 65.4 67.3 59.6 64.3 79.5 67.1 24,509 2,574 42,353 25,152 9,709 5,937 19,961 35,952 5,362 7,985 10,401 4.7 3.5 4.9 5.9 5.3 4.6 7.9 6.0 2.3 4.3 95.3 89.8 96.5 95.1 94.1 94.7 95.4 92.1 94.0 97.7 95.7 579 2,537 373 253 855 840 36.4 38.3 43.4 37.2 37.0 33.1 63.6 61.7 56.6 62.8 63.0 66.9 7,571 31,763 4,719 3,569 11,348 12,040 5.3 5.9 6.4 5.0 5.8 4.2 94.7 94.1 93.6 95.0 94.2 95.8 312 1,188 663 2,918 367 523 1,074 2,474 280 600 416 251 736 621 263 353 567 468 35.9 44.4 28.1 34.2 22.9 33.5 35.5 21.2 39.3 37.0 27.6 47.4 28.9 32.5 33.5 34.8 28.0 36.1 64.1 55.6 71.9 65.8 77.1 66.5 64.5 78.8 60.7 63.0 72.4 52.6 71.1 67.5 66.5 65.2 72.0 63.9 4,380 15,430 12.917 43,147 7,164 7,227 15,479 117, 695 4,268 7,949 9,745 3,540 11, 630 10. 506 3j 794 4,916 9,516 6,806 6.4 5.7 2.7 4.4 2.2 4.1 4.6 09 4.9 5.7 1.9 6.8 3.8 3.5 4.7 4.3 3.2 5.1 93.6 94.3 97.3 95.6 97.8 95.9 95.4 99.1 95.1 94.3 98.1 93.2 96.2 96.5 95.3 95.7 96.8 94.9 611 949 32.9 29.3 67.1 70.7 7,107 13,443 5.2 4.1 94.8 95.9 2,105 2,396 896 557 240 716 23.9 27.3 30.7 41.8 36.3 34.1 76.1 72.7 69.3 58.2 63.7 65.9 47,460 43,762 14,821 7,620 3,341 11,262 2.1 3.0 3.7 5.8 5.8 4.0 97.9 97.0 96.3 94.2 94.2 96.0 10.2 6.0 ' APPENDIX 21 Table D.—Distribution of temporary-total disabilities, by duration of disability, 1949 1—Continued Industry Number of cases3 (1) (2) Manufacturing—Continued Machinery, except electric: Agricultural machinery and tractors............................. Bearings, ball and roller.................................................. Commercial and household machinery.......................... Construction and mining machinery............................. Elevators, escalators, and conveyors.............................. Engines and turbines...................................................... Food-products machinery............................................... General industrial machinery and equipment, not elsewhere classified................................................ ...... General machine shops (jobbing and repair)................ Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments__ Metalworking machinery................................................ Pumps and compressors................................................. Special-industry machinery, not elsewhere classified. Textile machinery........................................................... Nonferrous metals and their products: Foundries, nonferrous..................................................... Watches, clocks, jewelry, and silverware....................... Nonferrous metal products, not elsewhere classified,.. Paper and allied products: Paper boxes and containers............................................ Paper and pulp................................................................ Paper products, not elsewhere classified....................... Printing and publishing: Book and job printing.................................................... News and periodical........................................................ Rubber products3.................................................................. Stone, clay, and glass products: Clay products (structural).............................................. Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products....................... Glass................................................................................. Pottery and related products......................................... Stone, clay, and glass products, not elsewhere ClassifiedTextiles and textile-mill products: Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings................. Cotton yarn and textiles................................................ Dyeing and finishing textiles.......................................... Knit goods........................................................................ Rayon, other synthetic, and silk textiles...................... Woolen and worsted textiles........................................... Transportation equipment: Aircraft............................................................................ Aircraft parts................................................................... Motor vehicles.................................................................. Motor-vehicle parts.......................................................... Railroad equipment............................................. .......... Shipbuilding and repairing........................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing: Fabricated plastics products......................................... Professional and scientific instruments and supplies. Tobacco products.......................................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing, not elsewhere classified. Non manufacturing Construction: General building contractors............... .......................... Heavy construction, except highway and street_____ Highway and street construction.................................. Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning....................... Electrical work................................................................ Plastering and lathing..................................................... Roofing and sheet-metal work....................................... Structural-steel erection and ornamental iron work___ Special-trade contractors, other...................................... See footnotes at end of table. Percent of cases resulting in— 1, 2, or 3 days 4 or more days of disability of disability (3) (4) Total days lost3 (6) Percent of total days lost accruing from— 1-, 2-, or 3-day 4-or-more-day cases cases (6) (7) 1,228 434 548 1,384 277 251 253 1,291 252 217 852 286 932 523 42.2 32.0 31.8 38.4 46.6 30.3 34.4 31.4 34.9 29.5 36.2 24.5 43.5 39.2 57.8 68.0 68.2 61.6 53.4 69.7 65.6 68.6 65.1 70.5 63.8 75.5 56.5 60.8 13,809 6,141 10,260 24,399 2,778 3,513 3,373 20,484 3,874 3,044 12, 700 4,633 13,175 7,546 7.1 4.8 3.5 4.0 7.6 3.8 4.4 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.6 2.5 5.8 4.9 92.9 95.2 96.5 96.0 92.4 96.2 95.6 96.1 95.8 96.0 95.4 97.5 94.2 95.1 324 211 428 37.0 40.3 37.4 63.0 59.7 62.6 4,219 3,459 6,175 5.7 4.4 5.7 94.3 95.6 94.3 806 1,171 804 38.3 26.8 38.2 61.7 73.2 61.8 10,593 21.828 10,463 5.5 2.8 5.6 94.5 97.2 94.4 1,079 1,578 942 36.4 35.9 35.4 63.6 64.1 64.6 15,819 21,086 14,900 4.6 5.0 4.1 95.4 95.0 95.9 2,542 445 1,428 534 396 34.9 36.6 33.2 37.5 34.3 65.1 63.4 66.8 62.5 65.7 36.119 6,459 23,307 7,457 6,542 4.9 4.6 3.8 5.4 3.9 95.1 95.4 96.2 94.6 96.1 1,106 2,355 1,141 807 546 1,224 27.7 27.3 28.4 34.7 30.2 25.2 72.3 72.7 71.6 65.3 69.8 74.8 20,364 42,395 19, 691 9.526 8,043 23,983 2.9 2.9 3.2 5.3 4.0 2.4 97.1 97.1 96.8 94.7 96.0 97.6 341 767 277 733 896 1,017 20.5 36.8 34.3 32.5 35.2 49.0 79.5 63.2 65.7 67.5 64.8 51.0 8,652 16,937 3,827 14,334 29,912 12,895 1.5 3.2 4.7 3.0 1.9 8.6 98.5 96.8 95.3 97.0 98.1 91.4 370 603 596 920 43.0 66.3 36.7 39.3 57.0 33.7 63.3 60.7 4,321 4.090 7,850 11, 623 7.1 21.7 4.9 5.6 92.9 78.3 95.1 94.4 5,414 2,832 2,200 573 449 230 262 397 379 45.7 36.0 47.1 50.6 45.2 44.3 37.4 38.3 45.4 54.3 64.0 52.9 49.4 54 8 55.7 62.6 61.7 54.6 64,581 50,429 25,915 6,554 5,849 2,476 3.527 6, 739 4, 295 7.5 4.2 7.8 7.9 7.0 7.9 5.5 4.2 8.1 92.5 95.8 92.2 92.1 93.0 92.1 94.5 95.8 91.9 22 WORK INJURIES IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1949 Table D.—Distribution of temporary-total disabilities, by duration of disability, 1949 1—Continued Industry Num ber of cases* (1) (2) Percent of cases resulting in— 1 ,2 , or 3 days 4 or more days of disability of disability (3) (4) T otal days lost* (5) Percent of total days lost accruing from— 1-, 2-, or 3-day 4-or-more-day cases cases (7) (6) Nonmanufacturing—Continued Transportation: Stevedoring.................................................................................. Streetcar........................................................................................ Bus (local)............................................. ..................................... Local transportation system s, integrated.......................... Trucking and hauling (local)................................................ W arehousing and storage........................................................ H eat, light, and power: Electric light and power......................................................... Gas................................................................................................. W aterworks.......................................................................................... Personal services: Laundries............................................. ...................................... Laundry w ith dry cleaning................................................... H otels............................................................................................ E ating and drinking places.................................................... Business services: Banks and other financial agencies.........................., ......... Insurance.............. ......... ....... ..................................................... M iscellaneous business services....................................... M iscellaneous repair services................................................. Educational services........................................................................ Fire departm ents.............................................................................. Police departm ents........................................................................... Trade: W holesale distributors.............................................................. R etail, general m erchandise.................................................. R etail food................................................................................... W holesale and retail dairy products................................... R etail autom obiles and accessories...................... .............. R etail apparel and accessories----------------------------------M iscellaneous retail stores___ _______ _________ . . . ___ W holesale and retail building supplies............................... W holesale and retail trade com bined, not elsewhere classified................................................................................... 1,511 300 941 3,325 746 750 23.2 38.7 32.6 31.8 40.1 38.4 76.8 61.3 67.4 68.2 59.9 61.6 51,821 5,498 13.915 52,613 10,141 9,575 1.5 3.9 4.1 3.9 5.6 5.9 98.5 96.1 95.9 96.1 94.4 94.1 6,302 4,002 402 35.8 37.1 40.3 64.2 62.9 59.7 108,416 48,034 4,733 3.9 5.7 6.6 96.1 94.3 93.4 332 476 1,080 217 36.7 36.1 34.8 33.6 63.3 63.9 65.2 66.4 4,579 M 18 12,186 %m 5.2 5.1 6.1 5.4 94.8 94.9 93.9 94.6 204 352 355 213 1,488 1,690 996 37.3 36.1 41.7 40.4 41.1 38.2 30.0 62.7 63.9 58.3 59.6 58.9 61.8 70.0 3,408 4,929 3,957 2,767 20,382 24,400 16,994 4.4 4.5 6.0 5.9 5.6 5.8 3.4 95.6 95.5 94.0 94.1 94.4 94.2 96.6 2,365 722 816 1.368 639 208 669 1,060 295 49.2 39.2 41.4 23.8 51.0 43.8 38.0 40.8 34.6 50.8 60.8 58.6 76.2 49.0 56.2 62.0 59.2 65.4 25,404 10,271 9,691 19,715 $ 136 2,696 9,329 12,730 4,825 8.8 4.9 7.2 3.5 9.5 6.2 5.2 7.0 4.6 91.2 95.1 92.8 96.5 90.5 93.8 94.8 93.0 95.4 1A tem porary-total disability is defined as any injury which does not result in death or perm anent im pairm ent but which renders the injured person unable to perform a regularly established job throughout the hours corresponding to his regular shut on any day after the day of injury. * Based on reports from those establishm ents w hich were able to supply the requested breakdown. * T otal includes data for industries not shown separately. APPENDIX 23 Table E.—Indexes of injury-frequency rates in manufacturing, 1926-49, by extent of disability 1 [1926=100] Year (1) 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 Death and perma All injuries nenttotal (3) (2) ___ ............................. 100.0 93.6 93.2 99.2 95.5 78.0 80.9 91.8 93.6 88.1 85.7 85.8 100.0 107.1 107.1 92.9 107.1 92.9 107.1 85.7 107.1 92.9 85.7 85.7 Perma Temporarynenttotal partial (4) (5) 100.0 96.3 104.6 109.2 111.0 102.8 113.8 110.1 128.4 121.1 114.7 122.0 100.0 93.3 92.5 98.7 94.6 76.5 78.9 90.8 91.6 86.2 84.1 83.7 Year (1) 1938..................................... 1939................................... 1940....... ............................. 1941............................ ........ 1942__________________ 1943__________ ________ 1944— ..........................— 1945....... ............................. 1946...................- .............. 1947.................................... 1948..................................... 1949..................................... All injuries (2) Death and perma nenttotal (3) 71.7 73.4 75.3 85.8 93.5 94.4 88.3 81.9 84.3 78.4 69.8 61.2 71.4 71.4 71.4 80.3 70.7 70.7 62.8 62.8 60.1 51.7 51.7 44.3 Perma Temporarynenttotal partial (4) (5) 78.9 80.7 84.8 93.7 83.4 83.4 75.4 72.3 77.9 70.1 67.3 61.9 68.1 73.9 75.6 86.2 94.1 95.0 89.7 83.0 85.3 79.3 70.6 61.6 1 Beginning with 1937, the indexes are based on the percent of change of the frequency rates of identical establishments in each pair of successive years. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE*
