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W o r k Injuries in the United States During 1946 Bulletin No. 921 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR L . B. S ch w ellen b a ch , Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS E w an C lag u e, Commissioner For sale by th e Superintendent o f D ocum ents, U. S. Governm ent Printing Office, W ashington 25, D. C. - P rice 10 cents Letter of Transmittal United States D epartment of L abor, B ureau of L abor Statistics, Washington , D. C., October 20, 1947, T he Secretary of L abor : I have the honor to transmit herewith a report on work injuries in the United States during 1946. Over 53,000 establishments participated in the survey on which the report is based. This bulletin, a portion of which appeared in the October 1947 Monthly Labor Review, was prepared by Max D. Kossoris, Chief of the Bureau’s Division of Industrial Hazards. E wan C lague, Commissioner. Hon. L. B. SCHWELLENBACH, Secretary of Labor, Contents Injury estimates and rates in 1946----------------------------------------------------------------------Estimates of disabling work injuries_________________________________________ Injury-frequency rates: Manufacturing_________________________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing_____________________________________________________ Injury severity______________________________________________________________ Appendix tables: Table A.— Injury rates and inj uries by extent of disability, 1946_______________ Table B.— Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury rates for 32,241 identical establishments, 1945 to 1946______________________________________ Table C.— Estimates of disabilities, by extent, for manufacturing industries 1946_____________________________________________________________________ Table D.— Distribution of all reported injuries resulting in permanent partia, disability, according to part of body affected, by industry, 1946_____________ Table E.— Indexes of injury-frequency rates in manufacturing, 1926-46 t extent of disability---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- am Page 1 1 3 3 4 6 10 13 14 15 Work Injuries in the United States Injury Estimates and Rates in 1946 Estimates of Disabling Work Injuries F o r t h e s ix t h c o n s e c u t iv e y e a r , disabling work injuries in the United States exceeded 2 million in 1946. The estimated total of 2,056,000 disabling injuries constituted an increase of slight ly more than 1 percent above the revised 1945 figures (2,020,300). Although the rise was slight, it marked a reversal of the downward trend from the peak in 1943. The 1946 total, nevertheless, was lower than that for any of the war years, 1941-44. Actual time lost from work because of disabling injuries during 1946 was estimated at about 42% million days— a sufficient amount of time taken out of production or services to have pro vided full-time employment over an entire year for about 142,000 workers. In other words, the effect of disabling work injuries was to subtract that many workers from the country’s labor force for all of 1946. Taking into consideration standard time charges for future economic losses occasioned by deaths and permanent impairments, the total time loss caused by the year’s disabling work in juries was estimated to reach a total of nearly 230 million days, or enough to supply full-time annual employment for about 765,000 workers. Estimated fatalities resulting from work injuries numbered 16,500— the same as the revised 1945 figure. Permanent total disabilities, which usually incapacitate workers entirely from future indus trial employment, and which normally amount to 10 percent of fatalities, remained unchanged at 1,800. Permanent partial impairments, however, increased to 92,400—nearly 5,000 above the esti mate for the preceding year. As in earlier years, about three-fourths of these impairments were of the hand or fingers. Most of these impairments will not prevent the workers involved from con tinuing in industrial employment, but many may require retraining or changes in jobs. The great est volume of the injuries— 1,945,300—were tem porary in nature and resulted in a time loss of 1 or more days for each disability. In manu facturing, the duration of temporary injuries averaged 17 days. The major industry group with the largest number of disabling work injuries, in 1945, was manufacturing. Although the 541,500 injuries estimated for this group fell about 50,000 below the 1945 level, 2,500 injuries resulted in death and more than 28,000, in permanent impairments (table 1). The major industrial group with the largest number of fatalities—4,500— was agriculture. The data for this industry were extremely meager and have not improved during the last 10 years (1937-46), although more attention has been centered on farm safety in recent years. Work injuries were estimated at about 323,600. 2 The injury experience for mining and quarrying during 1946 was only slightly worse than for 1945. The injury total for construction, contrary to the preliminary estimates, increased by only about 2,0,000 over the preceding year’s level. The earlier estimates had indicated a much sharper increase. Fatalities, nevertheless, reached 2,200 in 1946, against 1,700 in 1945. The services, government, and miscellaneous industries group was estimated to have had the second largest injury total—407,900— and 2,500 of these resulted in deaths. In sharp contrast with manufacturing, however, the number of permanent partial impairments was below 20,000 even though both groups were estimated to have had the same number of fatalities. An important MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES EXPERIENCING MORE THAN 20,000 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN 1946 MAN-DAYS LOST DISABLING INJURIES 89,100 F000 PRODUCTS JL W TTTTm T */f \ 71,800 IRON AND STEEL ANO THEIR PROOUCTS 61,200 LUMBER ANO TIMBER 53,900 41,200 6,963,000 — — iK s ia r »Y<S~ MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT *&.■* '-yfr. 7m 4 0 ,2 0 0 m (S m m BSk. 31 ,400 FINISHED LUMBER PR0DUC1 m* a 2 4 ,9 0 0 CHEMICALS ANO ALLIED PRODUCTS 22 ,4 0 0 STONE, CLAY AND GLASS reason for this difference is the more prevalent use of power machinery in manufacturing. The injury total for this large miscellaneous group was somewhat higher than the 1945 estimate. The 1946 estimates also indicated higher levels for the remaining major industry groups. For public utilities, the 1946 total of 25,500 was almost 25 percent higher than for 1945. The trade group, including both wholesale and retail, had a 1,595,000 12-percent greater injury volume in 1946 than in the previous year, with a total of 333,100. Only 1,400 of these, however, were fatal. Two groups, in addition to manufacturing, ex perienced decreases. For railroads, the 1946 injury total of 76,000 was about 18,000 below the 1945 figure. For miscellaneous transportation, with a 1946 total of 132,800, the estimated de crease was about 5 percent below the 1945 level. 3 T able 1.— Estimated number o f disabling injuries during 1946, by industry group [Difference between total number of injuries and injuries to employees represents injuries to self-employed workers] All disabilities Permanent total disabilities Fatalities Permanent partial disabilities Temporary total disabilities Industry group Total To em ployees All groups................................................... 2,066,000 1,614,700 16,500 11,700 Agriculture *............................................... Mining and quarrying 3............................. Construction 3............................................ Manufacturing4......................................... Public utilities........................................... Trade3........................................................ Railroads •.................................................. Miscellaneous transportation3................. Services, government, and miscellaneous industries3............................................... 323,600 83,800 131,800 541,600 25,500 333,100 76,000 132,800 75,100 79,400 88,300 532,400 25,500 266,600 76,000 114,000 4,500 1,300 2,200 2,500 400 1,400 800 900 1,100 1,200 1,600 2,400 * 400 1,200 800 700 407,900 357,400 2,500 2,300 Total i Based on fragmentary data. * Based largely on Bureau of Mines data. * Based on small sample studies. Injury-Frequency Rates Manufacturing: For the entire group of manu facturing industries, the weighted frequency rate for 1946 was 19.9, or about 7 percent above the 1945 rate (18.6). This increase was the result of frequency-rate increases in most of the individual manufacturing industries. Of the major groups (each composed of a num ber of related industries), 5 had rates in 1946 which differed by less than a full frequency-rate point from their 1945 level; 9 had group rates which were from 1 to 5 points higher than in 1945. On the downward side, only 1 group was 5 points or more below its 1945 figure, and only 2 had rates from 1 to 5 frequency points lower. Individual manufacturing industries had much the same experience. Of the 148 industries in cluded in the survey, 36 showed changes of less than 1 frequency-rate point, up or down. But 76 had larger increases, 22 of these experiencing a rise of 5 full frequency-rate points or more. Only 36 industries showed decreases, 7 of which dropped 5 or more points. In general, the frequency rates in manufacturing industries went up. Among the manufacturing industries for which frequiency rates in 1946 were 5 points or more higher than in the previous year, were sawmills (with an increase from 56.6 to 64.1), combined saw and planing mills (52.6 to 60.3), boatbuilding (26.1 to 47.7), cut-stone and stone products (27.6 to 42.7), leather (28.4 to 34.9), and concrete, gypsum, and plaster products (27.0 to 32.7). Industries in which frequency rates were 40 or more, that is, at least 40 disabling injuries per 500 workers per year, were cut-stone and stone To em ployees Total 1,800 To em ployees 100 300 100 200 To em ployees Total To em ployees 1,400 92,400 72,900 1,945,300 1,528,700 100 200 200 200 100 300 100 16,200 3,700 3,400 28,200 600 8,000 5,300 7,600 3,700 3,500 2,300 27,700 600 6,400 6,300 6,500 302,500 78,600 125,900 510,600 24,500 323,600 69,600 124,200 70,200 74,500 84,200 502,100 24,500 258,900 69,600 106,700 200 19,400 16,900 385,800 338,000 400~ 200 300 200 («) Total (4) 4 Based on comprehensive survey. 5 Less than 60. 6 Based on Interstate Commerce Commission data. products (42.7), veneer mills (43.6), plywood mills (43.9), structural clay products (44.9), brew eries (45.3), wooden containers (45.7), iron foun dries (47.3), boatbuilding (47.7), combined saw and planing mills (60.3), sawmills (64.1), and logging (80.4). Although the logging rate was the highest in all manufacturing, it was about 12 points below the 1945 rate (92.0). An important industry with a drop of more than 5 frequency-rate points was dairy products, the rate for which declined from 33.1 to 23.8. At the other end of the scale were 4 industries which experienced less than 5 disabling work in juries for each million employee-hours worked: Synthetic rubbei* (1.9), millinery (2.6), electric lamps—bulbs (3.9), and women’s and children’s clothing (4.2). The explosives industry, in which injuries in recent years have been greatly reduced, had a frequency rate of 5.7. It is a significant tribute to accident prevention that injuries in an industry such as explosives, popularly regarded as extremely hazardous, occurred about half as fre quently per million hours of exposure as in the tobacco industry, usually regarded as very safe. It also speaks eloquently for the needless toll of over 2 million disabling injuries in the country’s industries, and the tremendous cost to both labor and management in terms of suffering, lost income, and output. Nonmanufacturing: Because of the interest fo cused on mining accidents, the Bureau’s data this year include frequency rates for mining. The rates were preliminary and were obtained from the United States Bureau of Mines. They indicated 4 that both anthracite and bituminous-coal mining were among the most hazardous of industries, exceeded by only a few others. The frequency rate for anthracite mining for 1946 was 84.2, and for bituminous-coal mining, 61.4. The size of the bituminous rate placed it in the same category as sawmills— one of the most hazardous in the manufacturing group. As in past years, the nonmanufacturing industry in the Bureau’s own survey with the highest fre quency rate was stevedoring. The 1946 rate of 77.2 was substantially below that for 1945 (87.6). engineering construction, the frequency rate jumped from 28.1 to 46.7, and the rate for highway construction advanced nearly as sharply— but to an even higher level—from 3,5.8 to 50.5. For 2 other industries in which frequency rates customarily are high, the 1946 rates showed very little change from those for 1945. In trucking and hauling, the rate decreased slightly, (37.5 to 35.6), and in warehousing and storage it increased frac tionally (34.3 to 34.8). The contrast between industries with very high and very low rates was as marked in nonmanu facturing as in manufacturing. Contrasted with rates in the 60’s, 70’s, and 80’s in the mining and stevedoring industries are rates as low as 2.4 in radio broadcasting, 2.9 in the telephone industry, 3.1 in insurance, and 3.8 in retailing of apparel and accessories. Injury Severity The nature of the reporting sample, however, suggests that both of these rates probably under stated the situation considerably. If a more comprehensive study made a few years ago is any indication of the actual injury experience in this hazardous industry, the actual frequency rate may well have been twice as high as that based on the reporting sample of 73 stevedoring contractors. All 3 industries in the construction group had sizable increases in the frequency of disabling in juries in 1946 as compared with 1945. The least hazardous of these— building construction—had an increase in its rate from 30.9 to 35.4. In heavy Little emphasis has been placed on the severity rate in the Bureau’s analysis of work-injury experiences of the last few years. The reason for this was the conviction that the severity rate does not actually measure injury severity, but is in effect a weighted frequency rate.1 Although the rate serves a useful purpose, it is obviously mis named. As pointed out in earlier years, the disa bility distribution is a more accurate indicator of changes in the severity of injuries than the sever ity rate. If a single measure of injury severity is wanted, perhaps the simplest measure of all is the average time charge per disabling injury. For the injuries reported to the Bureau of Labor Statistics for 1946, this average time charge was nearly 82 days per injury. This, of course, in cludes, in addition to the actual time lost in temporary total disabilities, the standard time charges for deaths and permanent impairments. The so-called severity rate, being a composite of injury frequency, time charges, and hours of exposure, may be more aptly designated as a “ hazard rate,” reflecting the days lost because of injuries per 1,000 hours of exposure. For the entire manufacturing group, this measure was 1.6 for 1946. The rate indicates that for every person employed a full year (i. e.‘, 2,000 hours), 3.2 days were lost because of work injuries. This, of course, includes all workers, regardless of whether* * The severity rate is the average number of days lost, because of disabling work injuries, per 1,000 employee-hours worked. 5 or not they were injured, and includes standard time charges for deaths and permanent impair ments. For those who were injured, the story is quite different: Those who were only temporarily disabled, lost on an average of 17 days each. (In some industries this average was appreciably higher; in shipbuilding, for instance, it was 47 days.) As already indicated, if standard time charges are included, the average comes to 82 days. Manufacturing industries with high severity rates (5 or over) were plastics (9.9), logging (9.5), plywood mills (7.7), breweries and cut stone, each (5.5), and steel barrels (5.1). Among nonmanu facturing industries were heavy engineering (5.7), highway construction (5.1), and, topping them all, stevedoring, with an unusually high rate (25.9). The disability distribution, as already indicated, permits a better analysis of actual injury severity than does the severity rate. Of the injuries that actually occurred, 2.0 percent in petroleum refin ing were fatal. The same percentage applied to waterworks, and nearly the same percentage (1.8 percent) to construction not elsewhere classi fied, consisting largely of demolition work. In logging, the fatality percentage was 1.2, putting that industry on about the same level as iron and steel, copper smelting, heavy engineering con struction, and police departments. For all man ufacturing industries, deaths usually average about one-half of 1 percent of all disabilities. Industries in which permanent partial impair ments constituted 10 percent or more of the injuries incurred included— plastics (36.8), steve doring (14.8), hardware and electrical appliances, each (14.4), stamped and pressed metal products (12.0), cold-finished steel (10.4), and communica tion equipment (10.1). In the manufacturing group, 77 percent of per manent partial disabilities involved the hand or fingers. The percentages of such injuries to these members were particularly high in the following industries: 96 percent in metal furniture, in stamped metal products, and in commercial machinery; 92 percent in wooden containers and in leather; 90 percent in wood furniture and in hardware; 87 percent in electrical equipment; 88 percent in book and job printing; and 82 percent in paper and pulp. Outstanding for high percentages of permanent impairments to an arm were highway construction, 17 percent; carpets, 11 percent; bakeries, 10 percent; and news and periodical printing, 10 percent. Permanent injuries to eyes loomed large in the manufacture of tools and shipbuilding— 10 per cent in each industry. Appendix Tables Injury-frequency rates for a large number of individual industries are shown in table A. The group frequency rates shown in this table were computed by weighting the rates for the individual industries by the total employment in the respec tive industry classifications. For the first time frequency rates for mining have been included among those listed in table A. These rates were secured from the United States 766600— 48- 2 Bureau of Mines and are included in this report to make it more comprehensive. The other tables continue for 1946 the same types of data shown in the reports for previous years: changes in employment, exposure, and injuries; total injury estimates for individual industries; the distribution of permanent impair ments according to the body parts affected; and the injury trend data in manufacturing industries. 6 T a b l e A .— In ju ry rates and injuries by extent o f disability, 1946 [All reporting establishments] Industry All industries4........... . Number of estab lish ments Average number of em ployees Percent of disabling in juries resulting in 1— Employee- Number hours of dis worked Death Perma Tempo abling (thou nent injuries and per partial rary sands) manent total dis total dis disabil ability ity ability 3 63,133 9,731,092 19,301,191 _ ----------__ 354,844 33,781 7,894,471 15,246,509 Average days lost per disability 1— Injury rates 2— Perma Tempo nent rary Fre partial disabil total dis quency ability ity Sever ity 1 Manufacturing Total, manufacturing. 295,576 0.3 4.9 94.8 938 Apparel and other finished textile products___ Clothing, men's and boys'— Clothing, women's and children's Millinery............... . Apparel and accessories, not elsewhere classified............. . Trimmings and fabricated textile products, not elsewhere classified 2,029 734 812 67 218,297 111,232 65', 184 2; 288 406,648 206,892 118,113 4,282 3,023 1,571 497 11 .1 1.4 .8 98.5 99.2 99.7 1,020 1,900 83 7,988 15,129 121 333 31,605 62,230 823 Chemicals and allied products__ Compressed and liquefied gases Drugs, toiletries, and insecticides............. Explosives............... . Fertilizers.............. . Industrial chemicals. Paints, varnishes, and colors... Paving and roofing materials.. . Petroleum refining _ Plastic materials, except rubber Soap and glycerin___ Synthetic rubber___ Synthetic textile fibers... _ Vegetable and animal oils__ Not elsewhere classified . . . 2,153 66 302 71 444 399 377 41 (8) 43 134 7 28 36 205 539,128 4,533 60,360 10,858 21,633 127,254 38,901 7,799 137,000 17,159 20,471 1,016 64,713 5,291 22,140 1,115,154 9,116 120,359 23,270 44,258 266,853 81,304 17,672 288,000 36,360 40,765 2,098 127,285 9,918 47,889 15,340 109 1,707 133 1,462 4,152 1,515 320 3,060 361 437 4 870 244 966 1,152 28 53 645,930 15,157 15,574 1,251,236 30,587 30,775 12,374 564 592 51 82 573 26 43 261 35 79,448 31,345 300,743 13,221 16,005 163,989 10,448 166,945 58,459 564,796 35,094 30,324 320,764 23,489 1,162 978 5,917 99 508 2,359 195 Electrical machinery, equipment, and sup plies...................... Automotive electrical equipment.............. Batteries.............. . Communication and signaling equipment, except radio......... . Electrical appliances Electrical eq uipment for industrial use Electrical lamps (bulbs') Insulated wire and cable............ Radios and phonographs___ Not elsewhere classified___ Food products............ . Baking....... ............. Beverages, not elsewhere classified. Breweries................. Canning and preserving___ Confectionery......... Dairy products....... . Distilleries............. . Flour, feed, and grain-mill products.. Slaughtering and meat-packing Sugar refining..................... Not elsewhere classified.............................. 4,065 673 284 299 402 247 292 119 523 847 106 273 504,491 1,021,007 53,723 118,890 9,011 18,338 56,243 120,634 69,034. 119,115 37,091 71,290 19,706 44,811 23,997 49,435 45,682 102,649 133,281 261,364 26,659 55,120 30,064 60,356 30,087 2,151 505 5,465 3,655 1,239 1,065 615 2,726 9,343 1,854 1,469 Furniture and finished lumber products. Furniture, metal....... Furniture, except metal............... Mattresses and bedsprings... Morticians' supplies.......... Office, store, and restaurant fixtures.. . . Wooden containers................ Not elsewhere classified- 2,252 86 825 212 107 116 536 370 213,075 22,929 86,027 15,366 7,046 9,144 42,865 29,698 434,498 44,932 175,582 30,041 13,671 19,002 87,831 63,436 14,254 949 5,087 1,040 337 531 4,017 2,293 Iron and steel and their products___ .. . Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets Cold-finished steel............. Cutlery and edge tools............................. Fabricated structural steel......................... Forgings, iron and steel.............................. Foundries, iron....... Foundries, steel............................ Hardware................ Heating equipment, not elsewhere classi fie d -......................................................... Iron and steel............................ Metal coating and engraving. ............ ...... Ornamental m etalw ork................ .......... Plate fabrication and boiler-shop products. 4,902 83 48 133 425 184 823 134 172 1,414,879 18,076 12,906 24,990 48,808 54,205 136,495 56,468 59,817 2,729,916 33,929 23,839 55,479 95,860 101,200 273,673 100,175 115,327 60,860 638 547 1,278 2,810 3,157 12,947 3,468 1,594 53,820 493, 744 10,844 13,672 43.015 104,195 915,402 21,959 27,836 80,783 3,755 8,689 633 642 2,864 See footnotes at end of table. 256 236. 140 122 246 3 («)* (6) (6) (6) (6) 17 519.9 5 1.6 12" 11 9 21 «9.5 7.6 4.2 2.6 5oTi .2 .1 .4 00 750 14 8.0 .2 2.9 96.9 778 14 13.2 .6 .5 5.0 1,110 1,800 1,174 2,100 907 955 842 1,356 (8) 1,170 600 16 19 15 36 16 16 13 16 2,050 1,227 1,242 13 17 7 18 14 15 315.7 12.0 14.2 5.7 33.0 15.6 18.6 18.1 10.6 9.9 10.7 1.9 6.8 24.6 20.2 51.9 1.2 1.2 3.0 3.1 1.9 .8 1.3 (8) 9.9 1.1 2.2 6.1 5.0 94.5 00 95.9 00 95.5 94.7 96.9 97.0 (8) 63.2 • 95.5 00 97.8 93.1 94.5 .2 8.4 4.5 3.5 91.4 95.5 96.5 743 660 576 19 11 10 « 10.1 18.4 19.2 5 1.0 .7 .6 .5 .2 .2 10.1 14.4 8.0 89.4 85.4 91.8 (6) (6) 00 (6) 00 24 13 21 13 18 17 10 7.0 16.7 10.5 3.9 16.8 74 8.3 .9 2.6 .9 1.1 .5 («) 548 667 711 1,200 350 1,008 300 4.0 4.6 1.6 8.1 2.5 2.3 1.6 5.8 2.3 2.6 2.8 1.2 95.7 95.2 98.4 91.7 97.0 97.5 97.9 94.2 97.4 97.3 96.3 98.5 1,194 1,129 988 1,246 1,340 1,538 672 1 593 1,288 816 943 1,388 13 14 10 12 15 15 13 19 14 12 15 13 «24.6 18.1 29.1 45.3 30.7 17.4 23.8 12.4 26! 6 35.7 33.6 24.3 « 1.9 6.0 7.8 7.1 2.9 3.9 7.9 4.4 5.0 93.8 92.2 92.7 97.1 96.1 91.7 95.3 94.5 802 849 811 571 1,104 688 702 878 14 13 13 10 14 11 16 15 «32.7 21.1 29.0 34.6 24.7 27.9 45.7 36.1 « 2.7 17 2.3 1.0 1.4 2.6 3.0 3.5 5.4 5.6 10.4 4.1 4.4 4.5 2.4 4.6 14.4 94.2 94.4 89.6 95.9 95.1 95.4 97.2 93.5 85.5 871 540 534 1,462 568 805 968 752 649 18 21 20 14 25 14 14 24 14 523.0 18.8 22.9 23.0 29.3 31.2 47.3 34.6 13.8 51.9 .8 1.6 2.0 1.6 2.4 2.8 4.3 1.3 3.5 9.4 3.1 6.5 2.6 96.3 89.3 96.9 93.5 97.0 1,080 1,011 600 1,031 1,154 12 40 12 12 13 36.0 9.5 28.8 23.1 35.5 2.6 1.8 1.2 1.3 2.3 (6) (#) (6) 3.5 .6 .8 .6 .3 122.0 .5 («) (6) 3.7 4.7 3.1 2.7 (8) 36.8 4.0 (6) .8 .5 4.5 9.0 .3 .2 .2 .5 .2 .5 .3 .1 .9 .3 .2 .2 .4 .3 .5 .4 .5 .1 .4 1.9 .1 .2 1.3 .4 95.5 91.0 (8) ( 13) 1.0 3.4 2.1 is .6 1.4 .7 5.5 2.5 1.1 1.3 1.9 L8 1.8 3.1 1.5 7 T able A .— In ju ry rates and injuries by extent o f disability, 1946— Continued i Percent of disabling in juries resulting in Industry Average days lost per disability Injury rates2— Employee- Number hours of dis Death Perma Tempo Perma Tempo worked abling nent per nent (thou Fre rary rary injuries and manent partial total dis partial total dis quency sands) total dis disabil ability disabil ability ity ability 3 ity Number of estab lish ments Average number of em ployees 105 185 134 34,869 24,906 12,442 75,283 53, 749 24, 786 1,524 1,105 721 0.2 2.7 5.5 5.1 97.1 94.5 94.9 950 729 670 13 19 22 20.2 20.6 29.1 1.3 1.4 1.7 452 191 44 34 112 205 94,428 39,638 8,487 12,872 39,516 29,649 5,002 53,316 6,528 26,366 194,145 78,404 16,092 23,942 77,027 61,166 9,223 103,221 12,214 50,993 4,409 2,239 290 544 1,321 1,515 196 2,447 248 1,279 .2 .2 2.7 12.0 2.9 5.4 5.5 6.6 7.8 (6) 4.6 (8) 5.1 87.8 96.9 91.9 94.5 93.2 91.9 00 95.4 00 „ 94.7 703 1,087 550 908 523 784 525 1,029 300 706 16 12 20 15 12 14 13 16 22 14 22.7 28.6 18.0 22.7 17.1 24.8 21.3 23.7 20.3 25.1 2.0 1.9 5.1 1.2 •8 2.2 .4 1.4 .4 1.8 .1 .1 .1 3.1 3.4 2.2 6.8 96.8 96.5 97.7 93.2 845 541 1,303 543 13 13 14 10 515.2 10.8 34.9 15.9 5.6 .3 1.7 .7 Sever ity 1 Manufacturing—Continued Iron and steel and their products—Con. Plumbers* supplies..................................... Screw-machine products............................. Sheet-metal work........................................ Stamped and pressed metal products, not elsewhere classified................ - ................ Steam fittings and apparatus.................... Steel barrels, kegs, drums, and packages.. Steel springs................................................ Tin cans and other tinware........................ Tools except edge tools. . ........................... Vitreous-enameled products...................... Wire and wire products.............................. Wrought pipes, welded and heavy-riveted. Not elsewhere classified.............................. 21 233 17 167 .2 .3 (6) (6) .2 744 446 179 119 171,592 128,947 33,016 9,629 336,461 251,577 65.570 19,314 5,316 2,718 2.291 307 Lumber and timber basic products......... Logging..............................................Sawmills............................................ Sawmills and planing mills combined. Planing mills........................................ Plywood mills..................................... Veneer mills........................................ . Millwork (structural)......................... 1,793 252 539 114 316 71 69 432 137,184 17,492 45,467 14,851 15,127 14,004 5,964 24,279 259,251 33,700 72.461 30,550 31,297 28.974 13,634 48,632 13.852 2,708 4,646 1,841 1,100 1,273 595 1,689 .6 1.2 .4 .2 .2 .9 .2 .8 3.3 2.0 2.7 3.2 6.3 5.0 6.4 8.7 96.1 96.8 96.9 96.6 93.5 94.1 93.4 90.5 1,099 1,435 1,070 1,270 717 1,791 1,089 669 17 19 16 17 17 15 16 14 560.2 80.4 64.1 60.3 35.1 43.9 43.6 34.7 5 5.6 9.5 4.6 4.3 2.3 7.7 4.8 3.3 Machinery, except electric................................ Agricultural machinery and tractors......... Bearings, ball and roller............................. Commercial and household machinery— Construction and mining machinery........ Elevators, escalators, and conveyors......... Engines and turbines............ .................... Fabricated pipe and fittings....................... Food-products machinery. ..................- General industrial machinery, not else where classified....................................... General machine shops (jobbing and 3,674 216 55 237 295 58 80 8 148 993,719 116,462 39,457 160,781 86,211 13,958 70,507 810 24,573 1,965,434 215,455 75,955 312,397 174,319 29,033 133,965 1,629 51,874 39,337 5,500 1,310 4,151 4,789 825 2,007 44 1,299 .2 .3 4.8 4.4 3.8 7.5 2.8 1.3 4.4 («) 6.1 95.0 95.3 96.2 92.4 96.9 98.7 94.7 00 93.9 775 764 513 715 1,053 675 651 15 11 22 18 13 11 23 11 13 521.1 25.5 17.2 13.3 27.5 28.4 15.0 27.0 25.0 5 1.4 2.7 .7 1.0 2.0 .6 1.1 4.0 1.5 522 106,528 208,901 4,830 6.2 93.6 834 14 23.1 1.7 11 26.6 1.1 Leather and leather products— Boots and shoes, not rubber. Leather................................. . Not elsewhere classified........ Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments................................. - ......... Mechanical power transmission equip ment, except ball and roller bearings— Metalworking machinery........................... Pumps and compressors............................. Special industry machinery, not elsewhere classified-....................................... ......... Textile machinery....................................... Nonferrous metals and their products............. Aluminum and magnesium products....... Foundries, nonferrous................................ Primary smelting and refining7................ Copper.................................................. Lead-silver............................................ Zinc....................................................... Miscellaneous....................................... Nonferrous basic shapes and forms........... Watches, clocks, jewelry, and silverware.. Not elsewhere classified............................. .1 .3 .9 («) .2 898 317 18,384 37,155 990 6.3 93.7 457 94 30,870 56,634 762 8.8 91.2 989 15 13.5 1.3 24.2 15.8 25.9 1.4 .8 1.1 4.3 4.6 3.2 95.4 95.4 96.4 418 701 356 14 14 14 .1 4.7 2.8 95.2 97.2 923 914 13 16 22.7 18.0 1.3 .8 .1 5.2 7.1 4.8 94.7 92.9 95.1 843 954 1,019 16 30 15 «20.5 24.8 30.0 «1.3 2.2 2.2 (8) (8) (8) (8) 2.9 8.2 4.0 00 00 00 00 97.1 91.8 96.0 (8) 00 00 00 400 350 929 13 13 13 22.0 22.7 35.1 27.1 16.9 9.3 18.1 96 907 129 27/304 170,456 35,049 53,543 347, 731 72.552 1,298 5,511 1.878 .3 379 133 67,146 25,223 137,986 56,298 3,131 1,012 829 43 174, 578 12,172 32,392 366,921 23,820 67,019 7,657 591 2,011 10,200 3,600 9,900 5,600 31,090 30,672 38,952 23.230 7,270 26,200 12,190 68,149 60,824 78,216 511 165 919 330 1,155 563 1,412 12 1.2 8 (8) (8) 39 128 221 .4 .1 12.4 00 © (8) 00 (8) (8) © (8) 1.1 .4 .9 61 43,732 89,519 612 1.6 16.7 81.7 905 50 6.8 1.4 Paper and allied products......... Envelopes.................... ....... Paper boxes and containers. Paper and pulp 10................ Not elsewhere classified..__ 1,414 71 606 521 216 302,916 7,674 61,866 193,377 39,999 646,461 16,264 130,353 418,856 80,986 16,280 225 3,037 11,267 1,751 .3 .4 .1 .5 4.4 2.7 7.9 3.0 3.6 95.3 96.9 92.0 96.5 96.4 980 450 899 1,256 784 17 15 15 19 13 5 24.2 13.8 23.3 26.9 21.6 5 1.9 .7 2.2 2.4 .9 Printing and publishing... Book and job printing. Bookbinding................ News and periodical... 2,498 1,625 55 818 199,158 98,360 4,019 96,779 412,019 206,951 8,523 196,545 3,673 1,841 88 1,744 .2 5.5 6.7 00 4.2 94.3 93.3 00 95.3 992 780 425 1,360 16 16 16 15 «9.0 8.9 10.3 8.9 5.7 .6 .5 .9 287 33 43 227,230 24,898 118,831 83,501 474,515 68,619 238,225 167,670 7,212 783 3,074 3,355 6.9 5.9 4.1 8.6 92.8 94.1 95.3 91.1 1,235 1,392 798 1,333 20 24 25 16 5 16.0 11.4 12.9 20.0 52.0 1.2 1.1 3.1 Ordnance and accessories9. Bubber products................. . Rubber boots and shoes. Rubber tires and tubes Not elsewhere classified. See footnotes at end of table. 211 (6) .5 .3 .6 .3 8 T a b l e A .— In ju ry rates and injuries by extent of disability, 1946— Continued Industry Percent of disabling in juries resulting in Employee- Number hours of dis worked Death Perma Tempo abling (thou nent rary injuries and per partial sands) manent dis total dis disabil total ability ability 3 ity Average days lost per disability >— Number of estab lish ments Average number of em ployees 1,233 425 208 108 219 141 132 223^82 23,500 38,037 9,911 3,450 91,453 32, 751 24,480 465,423 57,949 77,063 21,527 7,172 187,388 64,945 49,376 10,835 638 3,458 703 306 3,278 1,460 992 0.5 12.9 .5 .6 .7 .3 1.0 .6 2.4 (8) 2.0 4.1 4.6 2.0 2.1 4.2 97.1 (8) 97.5 95.3 94.7 97.7 96.9 95.2 1,109 00 1,172 1,305 1,771 1,058 708 781 2,459 103 55 594 305 27 703 215 399 58 744,758 39,363 9,656 305,158 53,232 8,950 119,372 60,778 140,082 8,167 1,488,128 77,193 19,868 609,097 112,053 17,194 228,120 123,014 285,767 15,819 23,231 1,375 496 8,557 2,432 298 1,870 1,474 6,363 366 .2 .3 .4 .1 .3 .7 3.9 8.3 5.8 4.2 4.8 .7 2.3 2.4 2.5 00 95.9 91.4 93.8 95.7 94.9 98.6 97.7 97.6 97.3 00 1,152 1,248 757 1,150 1,378 450 1,129 688 1,122 1,533 950 34 95 85 197 203 82 234 836,767 117,104 65,225 4,397 240,164 162,159 72,452 169,638 5,628 1,631,313 223,094 130,580 8,808 464,718 318,156 139,905 335,374 10,674 23,970 1,165 1,792 420 5,040 5,695 2,654 6,927 277 .5 .7 1.0 7.0 7.4 4.0 3.6 8.0 9.9 4.6 5.7 11.9 92.5 91.9 95.0 96.4 91.6 89.9 95.1 93.4 87.7 798 725 823 300 713 701 535 1,267 623 1,286 74 (8) 625,334 •17,327 4,550 53,350 49,556 45,438 94,716 7,963 267 170 693 835 433 612 .2 145 44 47 303,455 8,301 2,800 18,700 24,044 22,649 46,982 12 1.2 .4 5.5 3.4 00 00 6.7 1.3 3.9 94.3 96.6 00 00 92.9 98.7 96.1 716 489 (8) 00 614 400 690 137 206 633 28,024 50,324 101,631 54,844 99,646 205,905 587 930 3,436 1.6 .1 .2 7.1 5.1 6.0 91.3 94.8 93.8 989 802 692 16 12 14 253,910 158,855 44,801 42,476 7,619 10,204 5,616 2,092 2,147 327 .8 .6 1.1 .7 1.8 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.8 96.7 97.0 96.2 96.8 95.4 1,303 1,149 1,139 1,838 1,422 493,790 479,615 14,175 943,884 916,009 27,874 2,766 2,699 67 .4 .2 00 98.9 99.1 00 1,205 73 23 263 53 501 247 44 176,248 11,346 38,861 88,770 13,585 17,230 1,150 463,345 49,043 26,766 94,417 213,004 30,758 34,819 2,485 13,701 3,784 679 1,851 4,809 1,094 1,213 37 .4 .4 .1 .3 .5 .4 .2 00 5.4 14.8 1.6 2.6 1.5 .6 1.8 00 622 388 221 13 305,900 227,881 77,642 377 640,210 476,744 162,628 836 11,072 7,066 3,981 25 1.2 1.6 .4 00 1.7 1.9 1.5 00 Injury rates2— Perma Tempo nent rary Frepartial dis quency disabil total ability ity Severity 1 Manufacturing—Continued Stone, clay, and glass products......................... Cement mills (excluding quarries) 7.......... Clay products (structural)______________ Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products __ Cut stone and cut-stone products.............. Glass...................... ...................................... Pottery and related products..................... Not elsewhere classified............................ Textile and textile-mill products____________ Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings___ Cordage and twine..................................... Cotton yarn and textiles........... ................ Dyeing and finishing textiles..................... Hats, except cloth and millinery............... Knit goods.............. .................................... Rayon, other synthetic, and silk textiles.. Woolen and worsted textiles.................... . Not elsewhere classified............. ............... Transportation equipment.. Aircraft______ ________ Aircraft parts................. Boatbuilding-------------Motor vehicles________ Motor-vehicle parts___ Railroad equipment___ Shipbuilding............ . Not elsewhere classified. 20 (8) . .2 00 .4 .2 .3 .9 .4 524.4 11.0 44.9 32.7 42.7 17.5 « 18 23 18 17 20 18 12 16 18 16 s 16.0 17.8 25.0 14.0 21.7 17.3 « 1.1 2.5 2.1 1.2 2.4 1.1 12.0 22.3 23.1 .4 1.5 1.0 30 20 28 7 28 21 26 47 21 15.3 5.2 13.7 47.7 1.5 .8 2.1 1.2 10.8 1.0 17.9 19.0 20.7 25.9 1.1 1.1 2.8 3.0 14 11 «14.4 15.4 37.4 13.0 16.8 15 00 00 (8) 14 16 9 18 12 16 20 4 14 2.0 3.0 3.2 5.5 1.0 5 1.0 (8) (8) 1.7 00 “5 Miscellaneous manufacturing________ ______ Brooms and brushes............... ................... Beehive coke ovens7........ .................... . . . Byproduct coke ovens 7__......................... . Fabricated plastic products...................... Optical and ophthalmic goods................... Photographic apparatus and materials___ Professional and scientific instruments and supplies............................................ Tobacco products....................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing.................... (8) 10.7 9.3 1. 16 16 23 12 16 50.5 42.9 5.1 7.1 1,000 1,467 300 14 14 8 2.9 2.9 2.4 .2 .2 .1 94.2 84.8 98.3 97.1 98.0 99.0 98.0 00 1,818 1,930 1,527 1,328 1,499 1,486 1,011 1,900 19 28 13 13 16 16 19 20 19.6 1.3 22.6 1.5 35.6 34.8 14.9 1.7 1.8 2.6 97.1 96.5 98.1 00 1,343 1,285 1,473 17 19 14 9 17.3 14.8 24.5 29.9 1.9 2.0 1.5 .3 Nonmanufacturing Construction 11............ ........ Building construction.. Heavy engineering........ Highway construction.. Not elsewhere classified. Communication 11................................ Telephone (wire and radio).......... Radio broadcasting and television. Transportation 11................... Stevedoring. .................... Streetcar-........................ . Bus___________________ _ Streetcar and bus............. Trucking and hauling__ Warehousing and storage. Not elsewhere classified.. Heat, light, and power11___ Electric light and power. Gas_______ _____ ______ Steam, heat, and power. Waterworks11. Personal services............................................... Dry cleaning................................................ Laundries......... ........................... .............. Laundry and dry cleaning....... ................. Amusements and related services.............. Hotels__________________ _____________ Eating and drinking places....................... Medical and other professional services.. . Miscellaneous personal services............... See footnotes at end of table. 2,346 1,633 226 362 122 543 112 431 (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) .7 .7 00 166 10,546 21,968 396 2.0 .3 97.7 00 15 18.0 2.6 3,318 619 628 452 181 410 710 174 144 175,161 20,130 34,385 38,442 10,194 46,580 13,637 8,870 2,923 385,591 43,179 74,881 87,211 18,613 107,705 29,055 18,862 6,082 3,737 227 664 726 154 1,552 287 85 42 .2 2.5 2.2 4.2 3.2 00 1.4 2.1 00 00 97.3 97.8 95.3 96.8 00 98.4 97.9 00 00 1,507 1,180 1,748 1,459 1,727 1,029 2,267 600 14 16 15 14 25 13 13 11 24 9.7 5.3 8.9 8.3 8.3 14.4 9.9 4.5 6.9 .6 .2 1.0 .5 1.5 .6 .6 .1 .2 .5 («) 00 00 .2 9 T a b l e A. — Injury rates and injuries by extent of disability, 1946— Continued Industry Number of estab lish ments Percent of disabling in juries resulting in 1— EmployeeAverage hours i Number number of dis Death Perma Tempo worked abling of em per nent (thou rary ployees injuries and manent partial tota sands) l dis total dis disabil ability ability 3 ity Average days lost per disability 1— Injury rates2— Perma Tempo nent rary Fre partial dis quency disabil total ability ity Sever ity 1* Nonmanufactu ring—Continued B usiness services ........................................... Banks and other financial agencies.......... Insurance______ ____ ________ _____ ____ Real estate______________ _____________ Miscellaneous business services................. Automobile repair shops and garages____ Miscellaneous repair services.... ......... ...... 2,637 902 447 285 355 391 257 174,041 51,587 86' 543 A 886 20,778 5,037 4,210 352,482 106,818 172,403 12,166 40,807 11,412 8,873 Educational services______ _____ ____ ______ 1,980 312 537 65 447 296 323 0.2 («) .9 2.5 2.9 .7 («) 3.1 2.4 4.0 97.3 97.1 99.3 (6) 96.0 97.6 96.0 1,473 2,067 2,425 1,650 1,286 1,714 815 12 11 8 22 16 12 13 5.6 2.9 3.1 5.3 11.0 25.9 36.4 0.3 .2 .1 .4 1.2 1.3 1.6 197 95,104 161,847 1,269 .2 2.0 97.8 1,131 12 7.8 .4 Fire departments....... ................ ...................... 205 25,040 90,019 2,119 .9 .8 98.3 1,278 18 23.5 1.9 Police departments_______________ _____ ___ 153 18,473 44,720 1,311 1.4 .4 98.2 2,240 18 29.3 3.1 7,960 2,443 473 755 350 664 207 696 1,496 509 362,318 84, 544 112,049 33, 751 24,491 14,994 2,425 29,062 34,120 14,987 716, 702 179,150 190,623 71,032 58, 502 33,900 5,691 57, 539 72,291 32,441 10,713 3,307 1,077 1,315 1, 554 610 50 220 784 1,341 .2 .2 .4 .2 .1 .4 .1 1.8 1.8 .4 1.1 2.0 1.8 (6) 1.8 1.9 3.5 98.0 98.0 99.2 98.7 97.9 98.2 (6) 98.2 97.7 96.4 1,292 1,172 2,225 2,400 1,645 1,564 (•) 425 1,390 666 13 11 14 14 14 13 14 14 14 12 814.2 18.5 5.6 18.5 26.6 18.0 8.8 3.8 10.8 41.3 5.8 .9 .3 .9 1.3 .7 .8 .1 .7 1.6 367 11,895 25, 529 455 .4 1.3 98.3 1,775 14 17.8 1.1 Trade 11-------------------- ------------------- ------ ----Wholesale distributors...____ ___________ Retail, general merchandise______ ______ Retail food.............. .................................... Wholesale and retail dairy products ____ Retail automobiles____________ ________ Filling stations________________________ Retail apparel and accessories........ ........... Miscellaneous retail stores____ __________ Wholesale and retail building supplies___ Wholesale and retail trade combined, not elsewhere classified____ ______________ (6) Mining and quarrying: 7 Coal mines: Bituminous_______________________ Anthracite________________________ (8) (8) 380,000 77,500 730,000 154,000 44,800 12,974 12 1.8 1* 1.3 (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) 61.4 84.2 (8) (8) Metal mines: Iron______________________ ________ Copper............................ ................... Lead-zinc_________________________ Gold-silver____ ____________ _______ Gold placer.......................................... Miscellaneous metal__ ____ _________ (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) 24,500 13,600 16,200 4,500 3,700 3,000 44,390 29,910 33,780 9,250 7,260 6,420 1,225 1,588 2,859 773 226 610 12 2.0 121.4 12 1; 0 121.0 12.4 (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) 27.6 53.1 84.6 83.6 31.1 95.0 (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) Nonmetal mines............................- ........... (8) 12,000 27,480 1,414 121.7 (8) (8) (8) (8) 51.5 (8) Quarries: Cement (excluding mills).................... Limestone........ ........................ .......... Lime___________ ____ _____________ Marble___________ ________________ Granite______ ____ ________________ Traprock________________________ Slate._____________ ____ __________ Sandstone_________________________ (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) 2,300 22,600 9,000 2,700 5,700 2,900 1,300 3,500 5,581 43,270 21,600 5,940 11,970 5,590 3,320 7,110 218 2,041 1,058 180 513 258 182 337 12 2.3 721.3 12.3 (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) 39.1 47.2 49.0 30.3 42.9 46.2 54.8 47.4 (8) (8) (8) (8) (?) (8) (8) (8) Ore dressing (mills and auxiliaries): Copper...................... .......................... Ir o n .......... ..................... ...... ........... . Gold-silver.. ___________ __________ Lead-zinc............ ...... ................ ........... Miscellaneous m etals_________ _____ (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) 5,700 3,100 1,000 4,200 1,400 12,600 5,060 2,190 9,290 2,960 386 66 75 291 86 (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) 30.6 13.0 34.2 31.3 29.1 (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) 1 Based on reports which furnished details regarding the resulting disabil ities, constituting approximately 60 percent of the total sample. 2 The frequency rate is the average number of disabling injuries for each million employee-hours worked. The severity rate is the average number of days lost for each thousand employee-hours worked. The standard timeloss ratings for fatalities and permanent disabilities are given in Method of Compiling Industrial Injury Rates, approved by the American Standards Association, 1945. 3 Each death or permanent total disability is charged with a time loss of 6,000 days in the computation of severity rates. * Except Mining and Quarrying data compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. 8. Department of the Interior. s Weighted according to estimates of total current employment in each industry. 12.6 121.2 121.1 12.6 12.3 121.5 12 2.1 121.2 6 Disability distribution and average time charges not given because of small number of injuries for which details were reported. 7 Preliminary data compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior. 8 Not available. 8 Includes all ordnance classifications formerly shown separately. 10 Includes Pulp, and Paper and Pulp integrated, formerly shown separately. " Primarily reported by company instead of by establishment. 12 Fatalities only. 13 Less than 0.05. 10 T a b l e B .— Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury rates for 82,241 identical establishments, 1945 to 1946 Percent of change in— Number of establish ments Employees Total, manufacturing........................................................ 20,706 -5 -1 3 -9 -7 Apparel and other finished textile products................... Clothing, men’s and boys’ .......................................... Clothing, women’s and children’s............................. M illin ery................................................................... Apparel and accessories, not elsewhere classified___ Trimmings and fabricated textile products, not elsewhere classified.................................................. 1,129 427 451 39 30 +1 +1 +6 -2 +3 -2 -3 +5 -2 -1 2 -1 8 -7 -5 7 +58 -4 8 -7 1 -3 8 -3 1 +432 182 -1 0 -1 1 -7 -3 5 +5 -3 1 Chemicals and allied products.......................................... Compressed and liquefied gases................................ Drugs, toiletries, and insecticides.............................. Explosives-.................................................................. Fertilizers.................................................................. . Industrial chemicals.................................................... Paints, varnishes, and colors...................................... Paving and roofing materials..................................... Plastic materials, except rubber................................. Soap and glycerin...................... ............................... Synthetic rubber........................................................ Synthetic textile fibers.............................................. Vegetable and animal oils.......................................... Not elsewhere classified-.................................... ........ 1,401 18 232 38 242 263 319 13 16 93 3 20 24 120 +1 -3 9 +5 -7 6 +2 +11 +13 +22 +17 +6 -6 +11 +32 +19 -7 -4 8 -2 -7 7 -3 +1 +3 +13 +5 -4 -1 9 +3 -4 +13 -1 -3 6 +3 -7 2 -2 +4 +3 +33 -1 2 -8 +33 -2 4 +25 +24 -2 0 l _5 00 +106 -7 7 -1 6 -1 0 +22 -2 6 -4 4 +43 -9 3 -4 0 +50 +2 1+ 5 +22 +4 +21 +1 +3 0 +17 -1 7 -4 +70 -2 6 +30 +10 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies.............. Automotive electrical equipment.............................. Batteries................... ................................................... Communication and signaling equipment, except radio........................................................................ Electrical appliances.................................................. Electrical equipment for industrial use..................... Electrical lamps (bulbs)............ ................................ Insulated wire and cable........................................... Radios and phonographs.............................. ............. Not elsewhere classified............................................. 616 10 28 -8 +4 -21 -1 7 -1 2 -3 3 -1 6 +3 -4 7 -1 6 -1 1 -7 3 10 +17 -2 2 10 +50 -6 7 27 26 332 22 30 122 19 -1 1 +53 -4 +10 -4 -1 6 -1 4 -1 5 +54 -1 6 -1 -1 3 -2 3 -2 6 -1 2 +71 -1 5 -2 6 -1 2 -2 2 -2 8 +27 -4 2 -2 2 +154 -4 6 +121 +558 +3 +11 0 -2 5 +2 +2 -3 +75 -6 4 -9 +180 -4 4 +300 +600 Food products. ......................................................... ........ Baking.......................................................................... Beverages, not elsewhere classified............................ Breweries....... ..................... ........................................ Canning and preserving..... ....................................... Confectionery................................................. ............. Dairy products........................................................... Distilleries.................................. ................................ Flour, feed, and grain-mill products......................... Slaughtering and meat packing....................... .......... Sugar refining........................................................... . Not elsewhere classified..................................... ........ 2,902 487 218 261 271 185 136 86 446 575 92 145 +2 +20 +1 +6 -3 +9 +1 +4 +1 +1 +5 -4 -4 +4 -3 -2 -8 +7 -3 -5 -7 +1 -2 -4 -4 +14 +10 -1 5 -6 -3 3 -1 1 -8 +8 +15 -1 1 +9 -3 7 -2 3 +69 +81 +22 -4 6 +1 -3 2 -7 -1 0 1 _ ( 2) + 1. +10 +4 +12 -8 -1 2 -3 1 -6 -1 +7 +18 i -1 1 +15 -4 5 -2 2 +75 +117 +15 -4 2 +7 -2 5 -9 —7 Furniture and finished lumber products........................ Furniture, metal................. .......... .................... ...... Furniture, except metal............ .......................... ...... Mattresses and bedsprings............................... ......... Morticians’ supplies__________ ________ __________ Office, store, and restaurant fixtures............... ......... W ooden containers.................................................. . Not elsewhere classified............................................ 1,273 45 605 46 29 77 236 235 +13 +17 +16 +3 +13 +14 +6 +15 +8 +8 +12 -1 0 +2 +9 +2 +10 +16 +11 +15 +39 +32 +29 +5 +30 +13 +8 +13 -7 5 +85 +125 -2 +22 1+14 +2 +2 +54 +30 +18 +3 +19 1+4 0 +5 -7 0 +82 +100 -8 +7 Iron and steel and their products........................... ......... Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets......... ................... Cold finished steel...................................................... Cutlery and edge tools......................... .................... Fabricated structural steel......................................... Forgings, iron and steel................ ............................. Foundries, iron...................................... .................... Foundries, steel.................................. .................... Hardware......... ........................................................... Heating equipment, not elsewhere classified............ Iron and steel......... ___•................................................ Metal coating and engraving................... ............ . Ornamental metal workl............................. .............. Plate fabrication and boiler-shop products............... Plumbers’ supplies.................................................... Screw-machine products............................................. Sheet-metal work......... ............................................. Stamped and pressed metal products, n. e. c............ Steam fittings and apparatus.................................... Steel barrels, kegs, drums, and packages.................. Steel springs............................... ............................... Tin cans and other tinware........................................ Tools, except edge tools........................... ................. Vitreous-enameled products...................................... Wire and wire products______ ________ ___________ Wrought pipes, welded and heavy-riveted________ Not elsewhere classified-........................................... 2,828 48 22 95 167 126 583 83 106 136 145 76 35 105 53 97 60 266 130 16 14 84 134 8 134 10 95 -1 2 -1 4 -6 +10 -5 -2 0 -1 -2 7 +12 +5 -1 8 -1 +3 _9 -9 -2 1 -4 +8 -1 1 -2 9 +4 -3 3 -1 1 +19 -1 5 +1 -1 0 -1 4 +24 -7 -4 -5 +2 -5 4 +2 -1 5 +3 +35 -1 1 -1 1 -3 4 -8 -3 2 -6 0 +109 -1 9 -1 6 -4 +22 +160 +2 -1 9 +27 +212 +164 -4 8 -5 8 +13 +13 +40 00 -4 5 -3 7 +100 -5 3 -4 4 00 -2 Industry Employeehours worked Disabling injuries Total time lost Frequency rate Severity rate Manufacturing See footnotes at end of table. (2) (2) (2) (2) +13 +15 +30 -9 +9 -1 7 +17 +17 -5 +6 +11 +3 +11 -9 +22 +10 -6 +3 -4 +8 +8 -4 -3 -6 (2) (2) -1 7 +2 -4 -9 -1 7 -7 -1 3 -4 +3 -1 2 -1 4 -1 8 (2) i+ 3 i0 -2 -1 5 -1 2 -5 5 +57 i -3 7 -8 0 -4 3 -3 3 +300 i i (2) —9 +2 -2 -6 -1 1 +5 -9 -2 1 +13 +6 +2 -1 3 -5 +24 +12 -5 -1 +12 -4 4 +10 -2 +7 +31 +1 +4 -2 0 (0 +114 +50 -1 3 -9 +29 -3 5 -3 8 +43 -9 1 -4 4 +55 -1 2 i +6 -1 4 -5 5 +71 -1 7 +6 -4 +82 +100 -4 0 +20 +193 +213 -5 5 -5 2 +6 +11 /x + 42 (3) -3 8 -2 0 +100 -5 8 -4 5 +33 0 11 T a b l e B .— Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury rates for 32,241 identical establishments, 1945 to 1946— Con. Percent of change in— Industry Number of establish ments Employees Employeehours worked Disabling injuries Total time lost Frequency rate Severity rate Manufacturing—Continued +1 +4 -9 +24 +13 -2 9 -4 3 -1 6 -5 0 i+ 9 0 +23 +11 i -3 0 -2 5 -1 8 -5 0 +5 +9 -2 +5 +3 +14 +16 +6 +8 -9 +17 +19 +8 +22 +18 +1 +8 +20 -5 -1 2 -2 3 +146 +24 -1 1 1+5 -1 7 +19 +14 +5 +7 +1 -4 i +2 +10 -7 -1 9 -2 7 +96 +5 -2 2 -9 +6 -2 6 +18 -3 -71 -3 9 +1 +17 -1 9 -1 2 -1 0 +6 -1 3 -6 6 -4 9 -7 +12 -8 +9 -1 5 +8 -1 5 -8 -2 7 +40 +27 -6 +51 +99 -4 4 -1 6 -7 9 -5 5 -1 0 +32 >+11 +25 -5 +1 -2 +170 +44 +51 +13 i+ 7 +33 +125 -4 6 -1 0 +300 +33 -5 +25 270 166 50 -21 -3 -11 -2 8 -1 2 -2 2 -1 4 +4 -1 1 +15 +92 +156 +21 +18 +15 +69 +113 +225 43 519 56 197 93 -2 0 -9 +2 +14 +23 -2 8 -2 0 -9 +6 +17 -2 7 -2 0 +8 +6 +17 -81 -2 2 +132 -4 1 -7 +2 0 +19 0 0 -8 1 -1 2 +180 —50 -2 0 400 249 21 24 101 -2 -3 -11 +5 +11 -1 3 -1 4 -2 3 -3 +2 -1 5 -1 3 -2 7 +13 -4 -2 2 +17 -6 9 +2 -4 8 i -6 +1 -6 +17 —5 i —22 +27 -7 1 0 -4 5 Leather and leather products.......... ................... ......... . Boots and shoes, not rubber.................... ................. Leather.............. ........... ...... ........................ .............. Not elsewhere classified-...................................... . 532 319 135 78 Lumber and timber basic products------------------------Logging.............. ...... .................................................. Sawmills..................................... ......... ..................... Sawmills and planing mills combined...................... Planing mills................................. ........................... Plywood mills........................ .................................. Veneer mills................ ............................................. Millwork (structural)...................... .................... __. 892 185 328 50 107 29 34 159 +21 +13 +37 +14 +5 +16 +14 +9 Machinery, except electric..................... ........... ............. Agricultural machinery and tractors_______ _____ _ Bearings, ball and roller............................................ Commercial and household machinery.................... Construction and mining machinery...................... Elevators, escalators, and conveyors______________ Engines and turbines...... ............................ .......... . Fabricated pipe and fittings............ ....................... Food-products machinery....... ............................. . General industrial machinery and equipment, not elsewhere classified ------------- --------------------- -----General machine shops (jobbing and repair)______ Mechanical measuring and controlling instruments. Mechanical power transmission equipment except ball and roller bearings........................................... Metalworking machinery............................. ............. Pumps and compressors------------------ ------------ -----Special industry machinery, not elsewhere ClassifiedTextile machinery.................................................... 1,958 139 25 78 179 19 41 7 76 Nonferrous metals and their products4_________ _____ Foundries, nonferrous................................................ Nonferrous basic shapes and forms................ .......... Watches, clocks, jewelry, and silverware......... ........ Not elsewhere classified............................................. -6 -9 +2 (2) +11 +4 (-) Ordnance and accessories *................................................ 17 -2 8 -4 1 -4 8 -2 7 -1 2 +33 Paper and allied products................................... ........... Envelopes............. ................... ........... ........... ........... Paper boxes and containers................ ...................... P a p e r _.......... ................... ..................................... Not elsewhere classified......... ......... ........... ............ . 854 67 420 211 156 +11 +8 +9 +14 +12 +8 +8 +9 +6 +10 +19 +10 +10 +10 +42 +131 +44 -1 9 +40 >+2 +13 +2 (2) +4 i +20 +100 +30 -1 4 +38 Printing and publishing................................................... Book and job printing-------------------- ------------------Bookbinding. - ................. ................. ............... ........ News and periodical-................................... ............. 2,060 1,334 30 696 +10 +14 -2 +7 +10 +13 +3 +8 +23 +106 +28 +38 +7 +16 +79 1+17 +6 +100 +19 1+17 0 +20 +75 Rubber products............................................ ...... ......... . Rubber boots and shoes....... ................................... Rubber tires and tubes------- ----------------------- -------Not elsewhere classified------ ------ ------------------------ 189 22 27 149 +15 + 18 +20 +9 +8 +10 +10 +6 +9 +19 +5 +10 -3 0 -1 0 -4 9 -2 8 i+ l +8 -4 +4 i -3 8 -2 1 —54 -3 2 Stone, clay, and glass products--------- ----- ------------------Clay products (structural).....................................— Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products........ ......... Cut stone and cut-stone products...... ....................... Glass________________ ___________ ______ _______ Pottery and related products--------------------- --------Not elsewhere classified................................... ......... 888 350 89 88 174 104 83 +18 +33 +35 +42 +15 +17 +4 +14 +30 +30 +39 +12 +13 -9 +24 +40 +36 +126 +11 +29 -7 +10 +64 -4 0 +1540 -1 8 -2 4 -21 1+8 +8 +5 +63 -1 +14 +2 1-5 +24 —53 +1,075 -2 3 -3 3 -1 8 Textile and textile-mill products________ _____ _______ Catpets, rugs, and other floor coverings.............. Cordage and twine............................................... Cotton yarn and textiles............................................ Dyeing and finishing textiles.............. ....................... Hats, except cloth and millinery_________________ Knit goods............ .............. ....................................... Rayon, other synthetic, and silk textiles.................. Woolen and worsted textiles..................................... Not elsewhere classified................................ ............ 1,711 45 22 464 199 11 508 125 307 30 +9 -9 -5 +8 +13 +14 +10 +9 + 11 +4 +5 -1 4 -1 3 +3 +10 +8 +8 +5 +9 -3 +6 +13 0 -4 +15 +32 +14 -1 5 +22 +33 +14 +36 +20 +14 +31 +266 +61 -5 6 +14 -1 9 i +6 +31 +15 -7 +5 +22 +5 -1 9 +12 +36 i0 +57 +40 +9 +15 +300 +50 -6 2 +7 -1 7 Transportation equipment....... ....................................... Aircraft............................................... ........................ Aircraft parts............................................ ................. Boatbuilding............................................................... Motor vehicles........................................................... Motor-vehicle parts.............. ............... .................... Railroad equipment.................................................. Shipbuilding...................... ................................... . Not elsewhere classified...................................... ...... 398 20 48 11 87 62 48 114 8 -4 2 -51 -5 9 -1 5 -9 -4 +4 -61 +48 -4 9 -5 7 -6 3 -2 5 -1 7 -1 6 -1 4 -6 5 +44 -5 3 -7 5 -4 8 -7 -11 -1 2 -2 3 -7 0 +34 -3 0 -1 3 +51 +181 +9 +3 -3 1 -5 2 +381 i -2 -4 1 +38 +23 +7 +5 -1 0 -1 3 -7 i +55 +125 +300 +200 +25 +10 -1 4 +25 +236 See footnotes at end of table. +6 + rs 12 T a b l e B .— Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury rates for 32,241 identical establishments, 1943 to 1943— Con. Industry Number of establish ments Percent of change in— Employees Employeehours worked Disabling injuries Total time lost Frequency rate Severity rate Ma nufacturi ng—Continued M iscellaneous manufacturing........ ................................. Brooms and brushes........ .......................................... Fabricated plastic products................... ................ Optical and ophthalmic goods______ _______ _____ Photographic apparatus and materials___________ Professional and scientific instruments and supplies Tobacco products______________________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing............................ ....... -1 +16 -5 +3 +7 -4 6 +6 +17 658 64 66 19 29 62 140 278 —/ +11 -1 0 -6 -3 -4 7 +15 +75 +273 +57 _2 i -7 -4 5 -3 +3 —6 +56 -5 0 i0 —64 0 +100 +100 +675 +75 -11 +12 -7 -3 9 -1 3 -4 -1 0 -1 8 -5 +12 +11 +30 -2 7 +22 +16 +33 +45 -3 +59 +48 -2 2 +17 -5 1 +9 +26 +20 +11 +34 +30 +28 -3 1 -1 0 -3 2 -11 . +8 +28 +29 +6 +24 +24 +4 +22 +21 +42 +175 +176 +65 0 -3 +33 +125 +100 +50 +12 +1 +4 +10 +7 +8 -3 -2 6 +1 -2 -1 +8 +5 +2 -8 -8 —7 -1 0 -1 4 +8 +8 +4 +9 +34 -4 0 -3 9 -1 1 -2 2 -3 3 -4 8 -5 +24 -7 -9 -1 3 -1 +3 +2 +10 +80 -41 -3 5 -1 2 -2 9 -3 5 -4 9 +33 +30 +41 +11 +14 -1 +15 +13 +21 -5 0 -11 (2) +29 -6 0 (1 2) Nonmanufacturing Construction47______ _____ ______ _______ Building construction________ _____ Heavy engineering____________ ______ Highway construction________ ____ _ Not elsewhere classified......................... 1,131 817 96 166 51 Communication7. ........ ................................ Telephone (wire and radio)................... Radio broadcasting and television........ 488 96 392 Transportation47........................ ................. Stevedoring....... ................... ................. Streetcar................................................. B u s................... ...... ............. ................. Streetcar and bu s.................................. Trucking and hauling............................ Warehousing and storage....................... Not elsewhere classified................ ......... 836 59 20 216 47 275 198 20 Heat, light, and power 47............................. Electric light and power....................... G a s ................................................ ....... 544 356 176 +18 +18 +18 +16 +15 +16 (34 ) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Waterworks 7___________________________ 106 +14 +12 -9 +241 -1 9 +222 Personal services................. ......................... Dry cleaning.......................................... Laundries.. ............................................. Laundry and dry cleaning................ . Amusements and related services_____ Hotels............. ............................. ........... Eating and drinking places___________ Medical and other professional services. Miscellaneous personal services_______ 2,191 468 475 332 130 207 370 132 77 +5 +9 +5 -2 +25 +2 +6 +13 +11 +4 +6 +2 +19 +3 +6 +11 +11 +22 -2 +7 +32 -3 2 +53 +32 +25 -2 7 +13 +98 +64 -2 5 +66 +24 +308 +254 -9 5 +17 -8 +5 +32 -4 3 +47 +24 +13 -3 4 +17 +200 +50 -2 9 +40 -1 4 +200 +221 -9 6 Business services-----------------------------------Banks and other financial services........ Insurance___________________________ Real estate.............................................. Miscellaneous business services_______ Automobile repair shops and garages... Miscellaneous repair services....... ......... 1,829 670 317 197 210 235 200 +20 +9 +32 +5 +1 +16 +7 +17 +8 +28 +3 -6 +11 +2 +33 +26 +40 -1 7 +16 +72 +46 +34 +34 -2 4 -2 +272 +230 -6 +15 +17 +7 -1 9 +23 +54 +43 +50 0 -5 0 0 +350 +200 -1 0 Educational services.................................... 173 +15 +17 +22 +18 +4 0 Fire departments........ ........... ........«._______ 192 +9 +12 +5 -8 -6 -1 7 133 +10 +11 +21 +87 +9 +69 3,912 1,220 243 469 233 304 138 328 808 169 +10 +10 +8 +18 +7 +17 -2 +1 +7 +7 +6 +6 +1 +11 +8 +17 -3 +22 +36 +11 +4 +30 +33 +100 +14 +9 -1 8 -1 1 +48 +37 +16 -1 6 -9 2 +8 +4 -1 1 +8 +28 +10 -6 +21 +14 +107 +12 +3 +19 i0 -18 +100 +17 0 -2 7 -8 9 0 0 -6 Police departments.......... ........... ............... Trade7.......... ................................................. Wholesale distributors____ __________ Retail, general merchandise............ ...... Retail food_________ ________ ________ Wholesale and retail dairy products___ Retail automobiles............ .................... Filling stations..____________________ Retail apparel and accessories............ . Miscellaneous retail stores....... .............. Wholesale and retail trade combined... 1 Weighted according to estimates of total current employment in each in dustry. 2 Change was less than half of 1 percent. 3 Not available. 4 Totals include figures for industries not shown separately. (2) (2) +6 +2 (2) 8 Includes all Ordnance classifications formerly shown separately. 6 Includes Pulp, and Paper and Pulp, integrated; formerly shown” separately. 7 Primarily reported by company instead of establishments. 13 T able C .— Estimates of disabilities, by extent, for manufacturing industries, 191+6 [Excluding self-employed] Estimates for entire industry All reporting establishments Industry Number of estab lishments Number Employee- Number hours of em of dis worked ployees abling (thou (thou injuries sands) sands) All dis abling injuries Total Death and Perma Tempo days lost nent par rary perma total (thounent total tial dis disability . sands) ability disability Apparel and other finished textile products................ 2,029 218 406,648 3,023 16,000 15 220 15,765 513 Chemicals and allied products 1------------------ ---------Drugs, toiletries, and insecticides.. --------- --------Fertilizers____________________________________ Industrial chemicals, not elsewhere classified-----Paints, varnishes, and colors---------- ------ ----------Paving and roofing materials__________________ Synthetic textile fibers------------------------------------ 2,153 302 444 449 377 41 28 539 60 21 145 39 8 65 1,115,154 120,359 44,258 305,311 81,304 17,672 127,285 15,340 1,707 1,462 4,517 1,515 320 870 24,900 2,500 2,200 5,000 1,900 800 1,100 125 15 20 25 1,240 90 80 390 60 20 20 23,535 2,395 2,100 4,585 1,840 780 1,080 2,499 227 216 635 72 52 68 Electrical machinery, equipment and supplies 1------Communication and signaling equipment, ex cept radio__________________________________ Electrical equipment for industrial use-------------Electrical equipment, not elsewhere classified----- 1,152 646 1,251,236 12,374 12,900 25 1,080 11,795 1,182 51 573 267 79 300 102 166,945 564,796 198,728 1,162 5,917 2,936 1,600 7,000 3,000 10 15 5 160 560 270 1,430 6,425 2,725 170 616 226 Food products 1_____________________ _______ _____ Breweries____________________________________ Confectionery_________________ ______________ Flour, feed, and grain-mill products------- ----------Slaughtering and meat packing----------------- -----Sugar refining----- ---------------------------- ------------- 4,065 299 247 523 847 106 504 56 37 46 133 27 1,021,007 120,634 71,290 102,649 261,364 55,120 30,087 5,465 1,239 2,726 9,343 1,854 89,100 7,000 2,400 5,000 12,600 2,100 265 15 5 15 15 20 3,560 570 50 120 330 60 85,275 6,415 2,345 4,865 12,255 2,020 6,963 867 147 308 492 199 Furniture and finished lumber products 1---------------Furniture, metal and wood-----------------------------Mattresses and bedsprings---------------------- -------Morticians’ supplies--------------------------------------- 2,252 1,027 212 107 213 118 15 7 434,498 239,516 30,041 13,671 14,254 6,567 1,040 337 31,400 10,600 1,700 800 65 10 1,880 780 50 30 29,455 9,810 1,650 770 2,299 820 43 43 Iron and steel and their products 1------------------------Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets-----------------------Cutlery and edge tools-----------------------------------Fabricated structural s t e e l . ------ ----- ------ -------Foundries, iron---------- ------ ----------------------------Heating equipment__________________________Iron and steel------------------------------------------------Screw-machine products---------------------------------Sheet-metal work____________________________ Steam fittings and apparatus----------- ---------------Tin cans and other tinware----- ---------- ------------Wire and wire products....... ........... ......... ......... Wrought pipes, welded and heavy-riveted........... 4,902 83 133 425 823 256 284 185 134 191 112 233 17 1,415 18 25 49 136 54 507 25 12 39 39 53 6 2,729,916 33,929 55,479 95,860 273,673 104,195 939,241 53,749 24,786 78,404 77,027 103,221 12,214 60,860 638 1,278 2,810 12,947 3,755 9,236 1,105 721 2,239 1,321 2,447 248 71,800 800 1,500 3,500 13,500 4,500 9,500 1,400 1,700 3,100 1,600 3,500 600 285 3,880 50 60 150 320 160 900 80 90 90 100 160 20 67,635 750 1,440 3,335 13,125 4,330 8,485 1,320 1,610 3,005 1,495 3,340 580 6,317 40 110 270 819 274 1,903 84 92 168 89 219 17 Leather and leather products 1------------------------------Boots and shoes---------------- - ......... - ----------------Leather--------------------------------- ------ - .............. . 744 446 179 171 129 33 336,461 251,577 65,570 5,316 2,718 2,291 12,200 4,900 3,300 10 5 5 380 170 70 11,810 4,725 3,225 546 181 158 Lumber and timber basic products 1------ ------ --------Planing and plywood mills------------ ------ ----------- 1,793 888 137 59 259,251 122,539 13,852 4,657 61,200 11,500 365 45 2,020 770 58,815 10,685 5,422 1,145 Machinery, except electric i.......... .............................. Commercial and household machinery-------------General industrial machinery, not elsewhere classified___________________________________ Pumps and compressors______________________ Textile machinery______________ ____ _________ 3,674 237 994 161 1,965,434 312,397 39,337 4,151 53,900 4,300 110 5 2,590 320 51,200 3,975 3,420 324 1,972 129 133 415 35 25 827,029 72,552 56,298 19,278 1,878 1,012 36,100 3,800 1,600 70 15 1,440 120 50 34,590 3,665 1,550 2,095 184 67 Nonferrous metals and their products 1...................... Nonferrous basic shapes and forms------------------Nonferrous metal products, not elsewhere clas sified____________________________ ____ _____ 829 39 175 31 366,921 68,149 7,657 1,155 18,000 2,400 20 940 70 17,040 2,330 1,169 58 747 102 206,059 3,986 9,900 10 490 9,400 604 Paper and allied products 1-----------------------------------Envelopes___________ ____ - ............................... Paper boxes and containers----------------------------Paper and pulp------ --------------------------------------- 1,414 71 606 521 303 7 62 193 646,461 16,264 130,353 418,856 16,280 225 3,037 11,267 23,800 400 5,10fi 11,600 70 5 60 1,050 10 410 350 22,680 390 4,685 11,190 1,836 15 465 997 Printing and publishing »----------------------------- -------News and periodical----------- --------------------------- 2,498 818 199 97 412,019 196,545 3,673 1,744 12,000 4,400 25 20 660 190 11,315 4,190 983 446 Rubber products1------ ----------------------------------------Rubber tires and tubes----------------------------------Rubber products, not elsewhere classified---------- 287 43 211 227 119 83 474,515 238,225 167,670 7,212 3,074 3,355 8,700 3,400 4,900 25 20 15 600 140 420 8,075 3,240 4,465 1,061 309 727 Stone, clay, and glass products 1-------- -------------------Glass_____________________ ______ ___ ______ Pottery and related products.------------------------Structural clay products---------------------------------- 1,233 219 141 425 223 91 33 38 465,423 187,388 64,945 77,063 10,835 3,278 1,460 3,458 22,400 4,700 2,400 6,300 110 15 25 30 540 90 50 130 21,750 4,595 2,325 6,140 1,595 266 207 417 See footnotes at end of table. 15 55 10 115 5 5 14 T a b l e C .— Estimates of disabilities, by extent, for manufacturing industries, 1946— Continued All reporting establishments Industry Number Employeehours of em ployees worked (thou (thou sands) sands) Number of estab lishments Estimates for entire industry Number of dis abling injuries Death and Perma Tempo perma nent par rary total nent total tial dis disability disability ability All dis abling injuries Textile and textile-mill products1............................... Cordage and twine............... . ................ ............ . Cotton yarn and textiles....... ................................. Dyeing and finishing textiles..... .......................... . Hats, except cloth and millinery........................... Knit goods............................ ........... . ..................... Rayon, other synthetic and silk textiles............... Woolen and worsted textiles.................................. 2,459 55 594 305 27 703 215 399 745 10 305 53 9 119 61 140 1,488,128 19,868 609,097 112,053 17,194 228,120 123,014 285,767 23,231 496 8,557 2,432 298 1,870 1,474 6,363 40,200 800 14,100 3,200 400 3,200 2,400 7,800 80 5 15 10 5 Transportation equipment1......................................... Aircraft and parts........ ....................................... Motor vehicles and parts........................................ Railroad equipment................. ............................. Shipbuilding and boatbuilding2........................... 950 129 400 82 319 837 182 402 72 174 1,631,313 353,674 782,874 139,905 344,182 23,970 2,957 10,735 2,654 7,347 41,200 3,200 22,300 3,200 9,600 Miscellaneous manufacturing1..................................... Optical and opthalmic goods.. _............................. Tobacco products......................................... ........ 1,286 44 206 303 22 50 625,334 45,438 99,646 7,963 433 930 17,700 500 2,000 1Includes data for industries not shown separately because of insufficient coverage upon which to base industry estimates. T able Total days lost (thou sands) 15 1,570 50 590 150 5 70 60 200 38,550 745 13,495 3,040 390 3,130 2,340 7,585 2,978 68 995 323 26 121 77 452 205 30 65 10 85 2,890 150 1,920 150 540 38,105 3,020 20,315 3,040 8,975 4,683 392 2,290 217 1,588 35 970 10 100 16,695 490 1,900 1,139 4 115 2 Does not include United States navy yards, D .— Distribution o f all reported injuries resulting in permanent partial disability, according to part of body affected, by industry, 1946 Percent of permanent partial disability cases involving the loss, or loss of use of— Industry Total A hand or fingers An arm A foot or toes A leg One or both ears (hearing) An eye Other Manufacturing Total, manufacturing........................................................... 100 3 77 3 7 4 Apparel and other finished textile products___________ 100 4 79 0 4 4 Chemicals and allied products........................................ Fertilizers....................................................................... Industrial chemicals..................................................... Plastic materials, except rubber................................... 100 100 100 100 5 0 3 8 60 41 58 55 4 6 4 3 10 9 15 11 6 9 8 0 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies_________ Electrical appliances............. ....................................... Electrical equipment for industrial use....................... Radios and phonographs............................................. 100 100 100 100 2 3 2 1 82 64 87 79 1 0 0 5 10 25 7 9 2 3 1 3 Food products..... .............................................................. Baking.............. ............................................................. Breweries...............- ........... .......................................... Canning and preserving............................................... Flour, feed, and grain-mill products.......................... Slaughtering and meat packing............ ..................... Sugar refining........................................... ................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 7 10 8 8 4 0 2 56 70 44 68 64 82 61 6 3 5 5 9 5 2 13 11 14 12 11 8 33 3 0 3 3 5 1 0 Furniture and finished lumber products........................... Furniture, metal........................................................... Furniture, except metal. .............................................. Wooden containers.....................— ........................... ......... Not elsewhere classified-.......................... . 100 100 100 100 100 1 0 1 1 0 91 96 90 92 90 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 0 3 1 2 2 8 Iron and steel and their products...................................... Forgings, iron and steel................................................ Foundries, iron.............................................................. Hardware....................................................................... Heating equipment.................................................. . Iron and steel.................. ...... ..........- ............................ Stamped and pressed metal products.......................... Tools, except edge tools................................................ Not elsewhere classified................................................ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 3 2 2 3 3 1 0 0 82 79 69 90 84 75 96 78 98 3 0 3 0 5 5 1 4 0 6 16 10 1 5 11 0 2 0 4 2 9 3 3 4 1 10 2 ♦ 0) 0) (0 (») Leather and leather products.............................................. 100 2 92 1 3 0 Lumber and timber basic products......... ......................... Logging.............. .......................................................... Sawmills........................................................................ 100 100 100 4 7 2 76 58 77 4 6 6 7 17 7 5 6 6 0) Machinery, except electric................................................. Agricultural machinery and tractors........................... Commercial and household machinery....................... Construction and mining machinery...................... General industrial machinery, not elsewhere classi fied............................................................................... 100 100 100 100 1 0 0 2 82 88 96 72 2 0 2 5 8 4 1 14 4 7 0 5 (*) 100 2 72 4 18 2 1Less than half of 1 percent. 6 (l) 0 9 0 0 0 15 35 12 23 0 0 0 0 3 5 3 3 0 0 0 0 15 6 26 4 7 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 5 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 6 4 0 1 1 6 0 0 0 2 2 0 4 4 2 0 0 0 3 1 1 2 0 2 15 T able D .— Distribution of all reported injuries resulting in permanent partial disability, according to part o f body affected, by industry , 1946— Continued Percent of permanent partial disability cases involving the loss, or loss of use of— Industry Total A hand or fingers An arm A foot or toes A leg One or both ears (hearing) An eye Other Nonmanufacturing— Continued Machinery, except electric—Continued Metalworking m a c h in e r y ........................................ Special industry machinery, not elsewhere classi fied— _________ ___________________ ___________ 100 1 85 3 4 4 0 3 100 1 72 0 13 4 1 9 Nonferrous metals and their products........ ...................... 100 3 85 0 1 5 0 6 Paper and allied products.............. .................................... Paper boxes and containers...................... .................. Paper and pulp............................................................ Not elsewhere classified................................. ............. 100 100 100 100 3 3 4 0 82 79 82 89 3 3 3 2 4 5 4 2 4 4 6 2 0 0 0 0 4 6 1 5 Printing and publishing...................... .............................. Book and job printing.................................................. News and periodical..................................................... 100 100 100 5 3 10 80 86 69 2 1 4 8 6 11 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 3 5 Rubber products............................................................... 100 9 75 4 8 2 0 2 Stone, clay, and glass products......................................... Glass................. ........... ................... ............................ Structural clay products......................... .................... 100 100 100 5 9 3 67 64 73 5 2 8 6 7 5 9 9 5 0 0 0 8 9 6 Textile and textile-mill products................. .................... Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings..................... Cotton yarn and textiles— ........................................ Dyeing and finishing textiles....................... ............. Woolen and worsted textiles............. ......................... 100 100 100 100 100 7 11 6 7 6 77 64 84 61 87 4 3 3 9 4 6 15 2 9 1 3 5 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 13 1 Transportation equipment...... ............................... .......... Aircraft parts.................. ............................................ . Motor vehicles.... ....................................................... . Motor-vehicle parts.......................... ......................... . Railroad equipment.................................................... . Shipbuilding................................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 2 1 1 0 4 80 90 •84 84 69 59 2 2 1 2 0 6 6 0 5 1 21 12 5 2 4 3 5 10 1 0 0 1 0 5 5 4 5 8 5 4 Miscellaneous manufacturing............................................. Tobacco products........................................................ . 100 100 2 2 89 88 1 2 3 6 2 2 0 0 3 0 Nonmanufacturin g Construction................. .................................................... . Building construction................ ................................ . Heavy engineering...... ..................... ........................... Highway construction.......................................... ....... 100 100 100 100 8 6 4 17 56 59 67 35 7 5 7 11 12 11 11 17 8 8 7 9 0 0 0 9 11 4 11 Transportation............................................... .................... Stevedoring................................................................... Bus............................... ................................................. Streetcar and bus.......................................................... 100 100 100 100 5 5 0 7 37 32 62 51 16 18 10 14 27 31 10 11 4 6 1 1 0 0 13 13 14 11 Heat, light, and power....................................................... Electric light and power..................... ....................... G a s ............... .............................................................. 100 100 100 6 8 3 55 54 49 9 8 14 10 10 12 6 5 8 1 2 0 13 13 14 0) 1 0) Personal services................................................................. 100 9 69 6 5 3 0 8 Business services................... .................. ..................... . 100 6 62 8 14 8 0 2 Trade...................... ............................................................. Wholesale distributors................................................. Wholesale and retail building supplies....................... 100 100 100 4 5 0 65 57 90 9 8 0 9 15 2 7 7 4 0 0 0 6 8 4 1 Less than half of 1 percent. T able E .— Indexes of injury-frequency rates in manufacturing , 1926-46, by extent o f disability 1 [1926=100] Year Death and Temporary All injuries permanent Permanent total partial total 1926-................................. 1927..................................... 1928..................................... 1929..................................... 1930. ................. 1931..................................... 1932. ........................ 1933........................... ......... 1934. ...................... 1935..................................... 1936..................................... 100.0 93.6 93.2 99.2 95.5 78.0 80.9 91.8 93.6 88.1 85.7 100.0 107.1 107.1 92.9 107.1 92.9 107.1 85.7 107.1 92.9 85.7 100.0 96.3 104.6 109.2 111.0 102.8 113.8 110.1 128.4 121.1 114.7 100.0 93.3 92.5 98.7 94.6 76.5 78.9 90.8 91.6 86.2 84.1 Year 1937................................ . 1938..................................... 1939..................................... 1940..................................... 1941..................................... 1942..................................... 1943..................................... 1944..................................... 1945..................................... 1946..................................... Death and Temporary All injuries permanent Permanent partial total total 85.8 71.7 73.4 75.3 85.8 93.5 94.4 88.3 81.9 84.3 85.7 71.4 71.4 71.4 80.3 70.7 70.7 62.8 62.8 60.1 122.0 78.9 80.7 84.8 93.7 83.4 83.4 75.4 72.3 77.9 83.7 68.1 73.9 75.6 86.2 94! 1 95.0 89! 7 83.0 85.3 1 Beginning with 1937, the indexes are based on the percent of change of the frequency rates of identical establishments in each pair of successive years. 16 Recent Bureau of Labor Statistics Reports on Industrial Hazards and Working Conditions * Injuries and accident causes in the longshore industry, 1942. Bulletin No. 764. (Out of print.) A detailed analysis of the hazards involved in loading and unloading ships. Includes sample safety codes and accident prevention suggestions. Injuries and accident causes in the foundry industry, 1942. Bulletin No. 805. Price 15 cents. An analysis of foundry accidents and their causes, including accident prevention sugges tions. Presents comparisons based upon plant size, geographic location, first-aid facilities, type of product, and departmental operations. Injuries and accident causes in the slaughtering and meat-packing industry, 1943. Bulletin No. 855. Price 15 cents. A detailed analysis of the hazards and of the prevailing causes of accidents in the meat industry, including comparisons based upon departmental, regional, and plant-size factors. Also includes descriptions of typical accidents, accompanied by suggestions for the prevention of similar occurrences. Injuries and accident causes in the brewing industry, 1944Bulletin No. 884. Price 15 cents. Presents a detailed account of the accident record of brewery workers dining 1944, with frequency rate comparisons based upon the operating divisions of the plants, the size of the plants, and the geographic location of the plants. Also includes an analysis of the causes of brewery accidents and suggestions for the prevention of’ typical brewery accidents. Accident-record manual for industrial plants. Bulletin No. 772. Price 10 cents. This manual contains an outline of simple and useful methods of accident recording and of the use of such data for accident prevention. It also explains how to compute and use injury-frequency and severity rates and how to determine the important causes of accidents. Work injuries in the United States during 1945. Bulletin No. 889. Price 10 cents. A collection of basic industrial injury data for each of the major industries in the United States. Presents national average injury-frequency and severity rates for each industry. Individual establishments may evaluate their own injury records by comparison with these data. Impaired workers in industry. Bulletin No. 857. Price 5 cents. Graphic comparisons of the performance of impaired workers and of their unimpaired fellow workers in terms of output, efficiency, injury record, absenteeism, and stability on the job. Workmen’s compensation and the protection of seamen. Bulletin No. 869. Price 20 cents. A report on the financial protection afforded merchant seamen who are disabled because of injury or disease while in the service of their vessels. Presents the status of such seamen under both foreign and domestic legislation and examines the probable results of applying to seamen the recommendations of an Interdepartmental Committee for a workmen’s compensa tion act fitted to the existing rights of merchant seamen. ♦For sale by Superintendent of Documents at prices indicated. How to order publications: Address your order to the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., with remittance in check or money order. Currency is sent at sender’s risk. Postage stamps not acceptable. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1947
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