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U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R L . B . Schw ellenbach, Secretary B U R E A U O F L A B O R ST A T IST IC S Isador Lubin, Commissioner (on leave) A . F. H inrichs, A ctin g Commissioner + W o rk Injuries in the United States During 1944 B ulletin 7^o. 849 For sale by the Superintendent o f Documents, U . S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D . C. - Price 10 cents Letter o f Transm ittal U n it e d S t a t e s D e p a r t m e n t of L a b o r , B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t is t ic s , Washington, D. C., October 19, 1945. T h e S e c r e t a r y of L a b o r : I have the honor to transmit herewith a report on work injuries in the United States during 1944. This information is based on reports from over 56,000 establishments. This bulletin, a portion of which appeared in the October 1945 Monthly Labor Review, was prepared in the Bureau’s Division of Industrial Hazards by Max D . Kossoris. A. F. H in r ic h s , Acting Commissioner. H o n . L. B. S c h w e l l e n b a c h , Secretary of Labor. Contents Page __________________________________________________ Summary________.____________ * Estimates of disabling work injuries__________________________________________ Injury-frequency rates-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing____________________________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing________________________________________________________ Type and severity of injuries_________________________________________________ Appendix tables________________________________________________________________ (H ) 1 3 5 5 6 6 9 B ulletin 7^o. 849 o f the U nited States Bureau o f Labor Statistics [Reprinted from the M onthly L abor R eview , October 1945, with additional dataj Work Injuries in the United States During 1944 Sum m ary MOKE than 2 % million workers were disabled during 1944 because of work injuries which occurred during that year, according to estimates of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The total of 2,230,400 injuries, however, is 7.7 percent lower than the 1943 total, and marks the reversal of the continuous upward trend in the injury total since 1938 when work injuries numbered 1,375,600. During 1941, the last pre war year, the injury total was 2,180,200. This figure increased to 2,267,700 in 1942, and reached a peak of 2,414,000 during 1943. The 7.7-percent decrease in work injuries more than offset a 3-percent decrease in employment from the 1943 level and thus reflects an actual improvement in the work-injury situation. During a year marked with acute manpower shortages and heavy demands by the armed services, industrial injuries are estimated to have caused an actual time loss of 43,614,400 employee-days. This was equivalent to full annual employment for about 145,000 workers. If standard economic time charges are added for deaths and perma nent impairments in order to reflect the ultimate losses occasioned by these injuries, the total time loss caused by disabling injuries mounts to 222,944,000 employee-days, or full-time annual employment for 743,000 persons. Fatalities decreased more sharply than the other types of disabilities. The estimated total of 15,900 is nearly 14 percent lower than the esti mate of 18,400 for 1943. M ost of the decrease is attributable to the sharp curtailment of construction during 1944. Permanent total disabilities remained at the 1943 figure of 1,700. Permanent partial impairments, however, are estimated to have dropped from the 1943 level of 108,000 to 94,000. Similarly, temporary total disabilities are estimated to have dropped from 2,285,900 in 1943 to 2,118,400 in 1944, a decrease of about 7 percent. The injury-frequency rate in manufacturing, as a group, showed a decided improvement. The rate was 18.4 disabling injuries per million employee-hours worked, a decrease of 8 percent from the 1943 level of 20.0. The distribution of injuries by extent of disability remained about the same; 0.5 percent resulted in death or permanent total dis ability, 4.4 percent in permanent partial impairments, and 95.1 per cent m temporary total disabilities. No marked changes occurred in ( 1) 2 3 the average time charges— 952 days per permanent partial impair ment and 17 days per temporary total disability. By far the largest group of permanent impairments (76 percent of all disabilities) af fected hands or fingers, 7 percent affected feet or toes, 5 percent the eyes, and 3 percent legs and arms. Estim ates o f Disabling W ork Injuries The more comprehensive data available at this time for estimating purposes indicate no need for revision in the preliminary estimates made some months ago.2 In the one group in which later data were very much more comprehensive than the data used for the prelim inary estimates, the revised injury total equaled the earlier estimate exactly. The estimate of 2,230,400 work injuries in all industrial activities of the United States is nearly 8 percent below the estimate of 2,414,000 for 1943. Fatalities are estimated to have decreased to 15,900, which is nearly 14 percent less than the estimate of 18,400 for 1943. More than half of this decrease is traceable to the sharp curtailment of construction activities during 1944. There was practically no heavy or highway construction during 1944, and little building construction. The total of all disabling injuries in this industry is estimated to have dropped from 260,100 in 1943 to 99,600 in 1944. Estim ated N um ber o f D isabling In ju ries D uring 1944 , by In du stry Groups [Difference between number of total injuries and injuries to employees represents injuries to self-employed workers] All disabilities Fatalities Permanent Permanent total dis partial dis abilities abilities Temporary total disabilities Industry group Total To To To T o em Total em Total em Total em ployees ploy ploy ploy ees ees ees Total To em ployees All groups............................ 2,230,400 1,802,100 15,900 11,200 1,700 1,400 94,400 76,000 2,118,400 1,713,500 Agriculture 1...................... . Mining and quarrying 3___ Construction 3..................... Manufacturing 4.................. Public utilities.................... Trade 3...... .......................... R a i l r o a d s .................... Miscellaneous transporta tion 3............................... . Services, government, and miscellaneous industries3. 311,900 92,100 99,600 786,900 19,300 273,800 92,400 75,400 4,800 1 ,200 87,300 1,700 1,600 700 60,000 1 ,100 773,500 2,900 2,800 19,300 400 400 219,000 600 700 92,400 1,2 0 0 1,200 400 200 100 300 («) 100 300 15,600 3,700 4,000 3,800 3,600 2,2 0 0 300 35,400 34,800 500 500 («) 100 6,0 0 0 5,000 300 6,400 6,400 100 200 100 291,100 86,2 00 94,800 748,300 18,400 267,000 84,500 70,400 81,700 57,000 735,600 18,400 213,300 84,500 135,100 116,000 900 700 100 100 4,100 3,500 130,000 111, 700 419,300 359,200 2,2 0 0 2,0 0 0 200 200 18,800 16,100 398,100 340,900 » Based on fragmentary data. 3 Based largely on Bureau of Mines data. a Based on small sample studies. 4 Based on comprehensive survey. * Less than 50. 8 Based on Interstate Commerce Commission data. Manufacturing heads the list of the individual industry groups, with about 786,900 disabling work injuries, of which 773,500 occurred to employed workers and the remainder to self-employed workers. Of these injuries 2,900 resulted fatally, 300 were permanent total disabilities, 35,400 were permanent partial impairments, and 748,300 were temporary total disabilities. 3 See Industrial Injuries in 1944; Preliminary Estimates, in Monthly Labor Review, March 1945. CHART 8 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES EXPERIENCING MORE THAN 20,000 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN 1944 5 The estimates for agriculture are identical with those for 1943. The 4,800 fatalities exceed those of any other major industry group. As the foregoing table indicates, however, the estimates for this indus try are based on fragmentary data. Little is known about the workinjury problems in farming, in which available data indicate that nearly 312,000 persons were injured, 4,800 of them fatally, and an other 16,000 permanently impaired in a single year. In mining and quarrying, the total of 92,100 is about 4 percent below the 1943 estimate of 96,400. The total figure for public utilities is slightly below that for 1943, whereas that for trade shows a slight increase. The injury total for railroads, however, indicates an in crease from 85,400 disabling injuries in 1943 to 92,400 in 1944, a rise of 8 percent. On the other hand, the injury level for miscella neous transportation, i. e., transportation other than that covered by railroads, decreased from 146,000 in 1943 to 135,100 in 1944. In the group with the second largest injury total— services, govern ment, and miscellaneous activities not included in any of the other industry groups— the 1944 injury total remained at about the 1943 level. The 1944 injuries totaled 419,300, of which 2,200 were fatal ities, 19,000 permanent impairments (200 of these being permanent total disabilities), and 398,100 temporary disabilities. In jury-F requen cy Rates The injury-frequency rates shown in this survey are for all estab lishments from which reports were received for the year 1944. The same procedure was followed in 1943. The rates are considered to be fairly representative of each industry’s experience during each year. The plants covered, however, are not identical in successive years. As the number of plants in an industry increases, the size of the reporting group is also increased, in order to maintain a sample group containing about 40 percent or more of the total number of employees in each industry. A comparison of 1944 rates with those for 1943, therefore, reflects total changes in the injury experience in any one industry. In 81 of the industries surveyed, rates for 1944 are lower than those for 1943. In 69 industries they are higher, and in 5 there were either no changes at all or changes of less than 0.1 percent. The 1944 industry survey also includes five industries or services not formerly shown: Synthetic rubber, distilleries, restaurants, and municipal fire and police departments. M ANUFACTURING Occupying its customary first place in the list of industries with high frequency rates is logging, with a rate of 85.4. The sawmill industry is in its customary second place, with a rate of 55.6. Similarly high is the wooden-container rate of 47.1. In the food-industries group, the 1944 rate of 35.9 for slaughtering and meat packing was considerably lower than that of 47.6 for 1943. The 1944 rate, however, reflects the experience of a very much larger group, as a result of a special accident-prevention drive conducted during 1944. A group of 202 identical establishments showed prac tically no change in the frequency rate. 6 Breweries showed a sharp rise during 1944, with a rate of 46.2 as against a rate of 35.3 in 1943. Deterioration of equipment and packaging materials appear to be largely responsible for this increase. N o marked changes occurred in the industries in the iron and steel products group. In the iron and steel industry itself, the 1944 rate was 9.9, compared with a rate of 10.0 in 1943. Similarly, a small de crease occurred in the much higher rate for iron and steel foundries, which dropped from 43.4 in 1943 to 43.0 in 1944. The rate for plate fabrication and boiler-shop products increased fractionally, from 44.3 to 44.7. A marked reduction was recorded for the transportation-equipment group, in which the rate dropped from 20.2 to 16.3. M ost of this rate decrease was attributable to the better injury record in the shipbuilding industry and was due largely to the accident-prevention activities of the Maritime Commission. The reduction in shipbuilding was from 31.5 to 23.6. In 1942, the rate was 33.1. Repeating the demonstration that the most hazardous activities can be made safe by proper precautions, the explosives industry duplicated its 1943 frequency rate of 5.3. NONMANUFACTURING The data for 2,132 construction firms included in the 1944 survey yielded a frequency rate of 27.7 for the entire group. A slightly larger number of firms had a rate of 26.1 in 1943. B y far the highest frequency rate of any of the nonmanufacturing industries— even exceeding that for logging—was that for stevedoring, 88.1, a slight reduction from the 1943 rate of 91.3. As in 1943, there is reason to believe that even this high rate is an understatement of the actual experience of the industry. Trucking and hauling, with a rate of 38.3, had the second highest frequency rate in 1944, but showed a slight improvement from the rate of 41.4 for the preceding year. A rather sharp rate increase was ex perienced in the warehousing and storage industry, with a rise from 32.2 in 1943 to 37.5 in 1944. T yp e and Severity o f Injuries The severity of injuries is not indicated adequately by the severity rate, which shows the average days lost or charged per 1,000 employeehours worked. Because time charges are geared to exposure hours, industries with large exposure hours may have lower severity rates, even though they experienced a high proportion of very serious in juries, than industries with smaller exposure hours and proportion ately less severe injuries. The severity of injuries is reflected more adequately by a percentage distribution of injuries by extent of dis ability and the measure of the average time charge for each of these. The explosives industry, for example, had a 1944 severity rate of 1.6, whereas that for the fertilizer industry was 4.7, and for soap and glycerin 2.6. However, in the explosives industry 2.7 percent of the injuries resulted in death or permanent total disability as against 1.1 percent for the fertilizer and 0.6 percent for the soap and glycerin industry. Similarly, 6.2 percent of the explosives industry’s injuries resulted in permanent impairments, as against percentages of 3.3 and 7 5.3 for the other two industries, respectively. The severity rate does not reflect the severity of injuries, but rather an average time charge per 1,000 hours of exposure. For the entire manufacturing group, deaths and permanent total disabilities (the latter accounting for about 10 percent of the combined figures) were 0.5 percent of all reported injuries. For individual inCHART 3 D IST R IB U T IO N OF A L L R E P O R T E D IN J U R IE S R E S U L T IN G IN P E R M A N E N T P A R T IA L D IS A B IL IT Y IN MANUFACTURING ACCORDING TO THE PART OF THE BODY AFFECTED 1944 % - OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS dustries, however, this percentage varied considerably. In manu facturing, it was highest in the explosives industry— 2.7 percent. In the nonmanufactunng group, it was highest for highway construction -— percent. 2.3 Permanent partial impairments showed still greater variations for industry comparisons. Industries with 7 percent or more of such 871576----- 45—2 semes INDUSTRIAL INJURY FREQUENCY RATES IN MANUFACTURING BY TYPES OF DISABILITY 1926*100 INDEX 140 120 oo 100 80 60 INJURIES FOR EACH MILLION EMPLOYEE-HOURS WORKED. 9 injuries included wood furniture, 7.0 percent and an average time charge per injury of 793 days; heavy ammunition, 7.4 percent and an average charge of 1,059 days; general machine shops, 10.0 percent and 925 days; radios and phonographs, 10.9 percent and 896 days; engines and turbines, 11.2 percent but only 573 days; and, highest in the list, carpets and rugs, with 12.0 percent and 985 days per injury. Among industries with lower percentages of permanent impairments but with high average time charges per injury were fertilizers, 1,715 days; flour, feed, and grain mills, 1,641 days; sugar refining, 1,904 days; dairy products, 2,133 days; logging, 1,794 days; men’s dothing, 1,840 days (but only 0.9 percent of permanent impairments); highway construction, 1,695 days; stevedoring, 1,810 days; streetcar transpor tation, 1,783 days (but only 0.8 percent of such injuries); gas utilities, 1,966 days; and laundries, 1,771 days. On the average, temporary total injuries averaged 17 days per dis ability in manufacturing industries. Some individual industries, how ever, had much higher averages: Iron and steel, 41 days; explosives industry, 29 days; and production of military tanks, 59 days. Among nonmanufacturing industries, the amusement industry had the highest average, 25 days, followed closely by stevedoring, with 23 days per injury. Appendix Tables The injury rates—frequency, severity, and disability distribution— are shown in table A. Rates are shown for individual industries as well as for industry groups. The group rates were arrived at by weighting the individual industry rates according to the total employ ment in each. Table B shows, for individual industries, changes in employment, employee-hours worked, disabling injuries, and days lost. All time charges for deaths and permanent impairments are those specified in the American Standard. Over-all injury estimates for individual industries are shown in table C. As in the past, only such industries are shown jas had a reporting group sufficiently large to warrant the extension of the reported data to the industry as a whole. Because of the conservative methods of estimating, the list of industries shown falls considerably short of the list in table A. The percentage distribution of permanent impairments of specified body parts is shown, by industry detail, in table D . The last table, E, contains the data used for the trend chart on page 8. T able A . — In ju ry Rates and Injuries by Extent o f D isability, 1944 [All reporting establishments] Industry Number of estab lish ments Number of em ployees Percent of disabling injuries result Average days lost per ing in i— disabilityi— Employee- Number hours of dis abling Death and worked Permanent Tempo Tempo (thousands) injuries permanent Permanent rary total rary total partial partial total dis disability disability disability disability ability 3 Injury rates3 — Fre quency Sever ity i 56,809 11,515,169 26,468,258 472,875 Total, manufacturing................ ............ 36,809 9,933,342 23,025,022 421,737 0.5 4.4 95.1 952 17 4 18.4 4 1.4 Chemical products-------- -------------------Drugs, toiletries, and Insecticides. Explosives--------------------- ------------Fertilizers------- ---------------------------Paints and varnishes........................ Petroleum refining ® ......... ................ Rayon and allied products................ Soap and glycerin. ............................. Industrial chemicals--- -----------------Paving and roof materials................. Vegetable and animal oils-------------Synthetic rubber............................... Not elsewhere classified..................... 2,198 317 109 288 413 (•) 30 543,268 54,136 76,908 17,066 30,498 125,799 56,203 14,573 130,289 2,218 2,116 4,172 29,290 1,250,928 114,868 176,619 37,718 70,421 304,401 117,339 33,098 306,608 4,986 5,444 10,323 66,672 17,301 2,132 944 1, 273 1,286 3,495 1,055 497 5.273 85 163 50 1,048 1 .2 4.0 2.9 17 14 29 16 14 14.3 18.6 5.3 33. 7 18.3 11 .5 9.0 15.0 17.2 17.0 29.9 4.8 15.7 4 1.7 2.7 1,281 808 1,180 1, 715 1,670 (# ) 1,500 1,161 1,282 950 1,150 300 525 4 6 .2 94.8 97.1 91.1 95.6 98.0 94.2 . 99.5 94.1 93.1 (7 ) (7 ) (7 ) 99.0 Food products................. ........................ Baking......... .............—- .................... Canning and preserving................... Confectionery____ _______________ Flour, feed, and grain mill products. Slaughtering and meat packing........ Sugar refining............................ ........ Beverages........ ............................. — Dairy products.................................. Breweries.......... ................................ Distilleries___________ ____________ Not elsewhere classified..................... 4,244 387 239 514 1,197 96 265 182 321 118 257 453,793 48,325 63,739 41,423 39,214 126,113 22,941 6,856 9,339 54,759 17,843 23,241 1,013,692 111, 742 118,538 88,237 92,001 304,654 49,613 15,106 22,267 124,305 36,676 50,546 31,599 2,259 3,426 1,674 2,865 10,928 1,569 361 660 5,745 785 1,327 95.5 97.3 97.9 95.3 96.8 97.2 96.2 96.9 98.5 91.7 95.6 98.0 1,189 809 1,357 838 1,641 554 1,904 900 2,133 1,259 1,282 1,316 Iron and steel and their products........... Iron and steel------------------------------Cutlery and edge tools....... ............... Enameling and galvanizing----------Fabricated structural steel------------- 4,829 300 125 72 388 1,269,857 497,688 17,936 7,412 55,539 2,940,320 1,131,813 41,636 15,781 128,951 70,440 11,195 1,171 659 4,600 95.1 92.4 93.2 97.1 95.9 843 896 751 555 899 All industries. Manufacturing 86 654 25 25 17 234 668 3.3 1.5 3.8 .5 5.3 6.5 1 .1 .5 2 .0 .6 .4 0) (7 ) 0) (7 ) 7 ) w 1.0 .3 .3 .3 .3 .9 .2 .2 .3 .4 .2 .6 .2 .6 1 .6 .5 .5 4.2 2.4 1 .8 4.4 2.3 2 .6 3.6 2 .8 1 .1 8 .1 3.8 1 .8 4.3 6 .0 6.3 2.9 3.6 («) 19 18 16 24 10 9 16 .5 1 .6 4.7 1 .2 (6 ) .4 2 .6 2 .0 1.1 8 .4 .6 .5 4 27.1 2 0 .2 4 1 .8 1 .1 1.7 1.3 3.4 16 15 16 14 28.9 19.0 31.1 35.9 31.6 23.9 29.6 46.2 21.4 26.3 21 4 24.3 14 16 13 13 15 11 14 12 41 13 18 16 9.9 28.1 41.8 35.7 1 .6 2.9 1.3 1 .2 5.9 2.4 1.1 4 1.8 1.7 2.4 1.3 2.3 Forgings, iron and steel....... ............................... Foundries, iron and steel.................................... Hardware........... ................................................. Ornamental metalwork....................................... Plumbers’ supplies............................................. Stamped and pressed metal products................ Steam fittings and apparatus________________ Heating equipment, not elsewhere classified— Tin cans and other tinware__________________ Tools, except edge tools___________ ____ _____ Wire and wire products..._____ _____________ Plate fabrication and boiler-shop products....... Screws and screw-machine products_____ ____ Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets________ _____ Sheet-metal work________________ __________ N ot elsewhere classified__________ ____ ______ 1,069 154 67 78 388 207 216 75 195 232 185 132 56 91 588 58,806 187,417 23,748 5,202 18,314 61,689 35,769 24,742 16,211 27,632 47,977 31,399 16,073 11,081 7,959 117,263 139,383 441,509 53,592 12,268 42,772 141,101 84,335 53,297 37,037 66,100 111, 249 76,039 39,498 25,852 18,796 279,302 Leather and its products___________________ ____ Leather______- _____________________ ________ Boots and shoes (other than rubber).............. Not elsewhere classified________________ _____ 748 168 452 128 148,428 29,130 107,115 12,183 320,149 65,779 227,885 26,483 Lumber, lumber products, and furniture.............. Logging____________________________________ Planing mills___________________ _____ ______ Sawm ills..___________________ _____ ________ Furniture, except metal_____ ______ ___ _____ Furniture, metal........................ ....................... Office, store, and restaurant fixtures................. Morticians’ supplies................ ........ .................. Wooden containers______________ __________ Not elsewhere classified_____________________ Machinery (not transportation)--------------- --------- Agricultural machinery and tractors............... . Construction and mining machinery................. Electrical equipment and supplies................... . Food-products machinery.......... ..................... Metalworking machinery............ ..................... . Textile machinery......... .............................. ..... Special industry machinery, not elsewhere classified_________________________________ General industrial machinery............................. Commercial and household machines.............. General machine shops...................................... . Engines and turbines....................................... Paper and allied products....................................... . P u lp ..................................................................... P a p e r.................. ................................................ Paper and pulp (integrated).............................. Paper boxes and containers____ ____ ________ Envelopes........................................................... . Not elsewhere classified________ _____________ 4,026* 442 660 884 974 65 93 43 536 329 4,896 192 296 929 103 1,105 113 290,711 19,744 42,008 68,205 78,993 6,389 4,377 2,484 42,347 26,164 1,413, 759 70,290 75,831 558,063 9,243 205,063 15,859 636,047 93,930 144,724 171,328 15,191 9,798 5,513 96,630 58,936 3,632,440 165, 326 180,624 1,321,445 22,428 508,014 40,031 318 1,163 46,522 233,927 35,913 50,392 112,656 245,348 6,740 68,930 72,401 59,475 6,449 31,353 111, 136 794,282 90,102 129,584 269,463 688,950 14,958 162, 031 176, 270 123,673 14,119 70,896 See footnotes at end of table. 211 120 459 98 1,765 36 394 147 889 68 231 5,253 18,982 1,073 397 889 3,870 1,972 2,283 729 .3 .4 (7 ) (7 ) 2 .8 5,196 1,922 2,813 461 26,811 3,414 3,629 8,040 4,490 459 206 98 4,552 1,923 59,091 3,964 5,121 13,908 613 8,573 692 2,509 16,724 1,628 2,628 2,731 14,901 586 5,024 4,692 2,879 199 1,521 6.9 5.8 2.9 .2 .4 .4 (7 ) (7 ) 1,686 2,582 3,401 743 593 736 7,626 5.4 1.5 8 .6 6 .8 .5 .5 5.4 1 .8 6 .8 3.5 (7 ) .1 (7 ) 5.0 2.5 2.7 .2 .2 2 .0 (7 ) (7 ) 4.5 .6 1.5 .3 2 .6 4.6 3.4 7.0 .6 .1 6 .0 (7 ) (7 ) .4 (7 ) (7 ) .3 5.4 4.8 4.9 5.8 .2 .2 2 .6 6 .8 .6 .2 (7 ) .4 (7 ) .6 3.7 4.4 .1 .2 4.4 2 .2 2 .0 1 0 .0 1 1 .2 .5 .5 (7 ) .9 3.1 (7 ) 2 .1 1 .2 .8 .6 0) 5.1 <) 7 4.4 94.3 98.1 91.4 (7 ) 97.2 92.9 93.8 96.7 (7 ) 93.2 94.1 97.7 93.2 96.5 C) 7 94.9 702 1 ,200 497 1,200 300 472 793 1,135 510 819 854 923 800 300 461 901 97.3 97.1 98.0 (7 ) 979 1,169 387 1,014 94.9 95.9 95.1 96.0 92.9 94.0 (7 ) (7 ) 94.2 94.6 94.9 93.9 97.2 93.0 (7 ) 95.9 95.0 1,031 1,794 1,199 1,157 793 1,283 600 300 819 784 787 655 1,105 723 1,091 1,015 439 97.7 95.4 98.0 90.0 88.3 96.4 (7 ) 97.0 98.0 94.4 (7 ) 95.6 875 770 500 925 573 930 (7 ) 1,420 1,534 767 600 802 21 15 18 17 14 13 18 14 11 11 14 14 12 17 10 14 14 16 10 10. 17 22 15 19 15 13 15 12 15 16 17 11 12 19 13 19 15 14 18 16 10 32 16 13 19 18 14 12 15 37.7 43.0 2 0 .0 32.4 2 0 .8 27.4 23.4 42.8 19.7 25.5 23.2 44.7 18.8 22.9 39.2 27.3 4 15.8 29.2 12.3 17.4 4 40.4 85.4 38.6 55.6 26.2 30.2 2 1 .0 17.8 47.1 32.6 416.7 24.0 28.4 10.5 27.3 16.9 17.3 2.7 2.3 1.4 2.4 .6 1 .1 2 .1 3.1 1 .2 1 .6 1.9 1 .8 .8 .5 1 .6 1 .8 4.5 1.7 .1 .7 4 3.9 13.6 3.4 5.0 2 .0 2.4 1 .0 1.4 3.7 2.7 * 1 .0 2 .0 1 .8 .8 1 .1 1 .1 1.1 2 2 .6 2 1.1 .8 1.1 18.1 20.3 1 .8 .4 1 0.1 .5 4 25.3 4 1 .8 .8 39.2 31.0 26.6 23.3 14.1 21.5 2.5 2.5 1.4 .5 1 .0 T able A.— In ju ry Rates and Injuries by Extent o f D isability, 1944— Continued Industry Number of estab lish ments Number of em ployees Percent of disabling injuries result Average days lost per disability i— • ing ini— Employee- Number hours of dis Death and Permanent Tempo Permanent abling worked Tempo (thousands) injuries permanent rary total rary total partial partial total dis disability disability disability disability ability 3 Printing and publishing............................................. Book and job........................................................ News and periodical............................................ Bookbinding.................................................... . 2,687 1,748 893 46 175,893 82,358 91,071 2,464 367,912 176,227 186,422 5,262 3,144 1,590 1,487 67 Rubber and its products............................................ Rubber tires......................................................... Rubber boots and shoes....................................... Not elsewhere classified ____________________ 296 54 32 188,345 87,947 23.954 76,444 427,310 207,207 54,402 165,700 7,012 3,214 677 3,121 Stone, clay, and glass products............................... Brick, tile, and terra cotta......... ........................ Cement 5..................................................... ......... Glass....................................................................Pottery __ __ _ __ . . . Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products........... Cut stone and cut-stone products....................... Not elsewhere classified_____________________ 1,288 415 (•) 223 138 210,998 27,838 17,057 89,621 27,959 7,836 2,656 38,031 457,758 57,675 38,434 190,049 57,687 18,448 5,190 , 90,273 9,846 2,532 519 3,415 1,030 530 171 1,649 Textile and textile-mill products............................... Carpets and rugs __ __ ____ _______ ___ Clothing, men's. _ _____ ________ ____ Clothing, women’s . ............................................. Cotton goods. ................................................ ...... Dyeing and finishing........................................... TCnit goods __ __ _____ ____ Silk and rayon products, not elsewhere elassified. __ _ __ __ __ . . . Woolen goods........................................................ Not elsewhere classified....................................... 4,373 61 842 800 611 837,176 14,164 664 59,813 238,906 37, 514 108,431 1,854,107 30,081 243,098 116,270 612,603 83,904 217, 552 197 424 563 50,321 128,156 78,659 109,531 273,885 167,179 1,461 5,515 2,728 Transportation equipment....................................... . Motor vehicles. .................................................... Shipbuilding. ....................................................... Railroad equipment............................................. Aircraft.................................................................. Motor-vehicle parts __ . . Boat building........................................................ Aircraft parts....................................................... Not elsewhere classified....................................... 1,648 207 440 2,699,833 154, 362 992,848 84,360 642,221 71,612 3,627 746,252 4.551 6,563,997 379,952 2,437,292 207,408 1,540,712 172,875 8,018 1,801,578 10,374 104,362 5,483 57, 596 4.409 13,564 4.458 395 18,258 199 212 110 190 211 86 113 126 34 616 26 121,212 Fre quency Sever ity 1 95.0 92.8 96.9 (7 ) 1,231 1,302 1,140 862 15 17 14 15 *9.0 9.0 *0.9 8 .0 12.7 .5 1.5 89.6 96.3 (7 ) 83.8 1,023 900 1,371 1,026 15 14 *16.6 15.5 12.4 18.8 *2.7 1.9 1.7 3.7 1,083 972 (#)1,208 o 16 16 3.4 96.7 97.1 92.9 96.8 98.0 97.2 CO 96.0 3.1 96.8 1 2 .0 26,807 330 2,248 554 10,113 2,057 1,771 210 Injury rates 2 — 8 8 .0 4.7 6.9 0.3 .3 .3 C O 2 .8 0 1 0 .2 .2 3.3 .4 (7 ) (7 ) 16.2 .7 .9 2.3 .3 2 .6 2 .0 4.8 2.9 2 .0 1 .6 1 .2 (7 ) .6 CO 1,020 1,525 750 935 .9 .9 3.2 1.7 1.3 .4 .1 .2 .4 .1 .5 .5 .2 CO .2 98.2 95.5 96.4 646 1,032 1,105 95.4 95.7 96.0 95.5 96.2 95.7 (7 ) 94.3 (?) 796 700 1,126 632 991 4.2 3.5 .3 .1 CO 99.1 98.7 96.7 98.1 98.7 1,056 985 1,840 500 1,052 1.663 890 1 .8 .1 0 (7 ) 4.2 4.2 3.5 4.0 3.6 4.3 . 5.5 (7 ) 18 (6) 17 13 17 13 20 *22.4 43.9 13.5 18.0 17.9 28.7 32.9 18.3 656 *2.4 3.9 («) 1.3 .6 3.4 3.6 2 .1 16 19 *13.4 12 12 16 15 9.2 4.8 16.5 24.5 .2 .1 1 .1 12 8 .1 .2 15 13.3 20 2 0 .2 16 16.3 .3 1.7 18 18 15 28 16 9 *16.3 14.4 23.6 21.3 1 1 .0 8 .8 12 666 (7 ) 12 1 .1 25.8 49.3 19 24 19.2 10.1 *.7 1.5 1.7 .8 4^. 7 2.3 1.3 .6 1 .0 .6 .6 .3 Miscellaneous manufacturing...................... Tobacco products............ ....................... Radios and phonographs........................ Smelting and refining (nonferrous) *___ Nonferrous metal products.................... Brushes.................................................... Brooms..___________ _______________ Coke ovens: 5 Bee hive............................................ Byproducts....................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing................ Ordnance and accessories........................... Guns and related equipment................. Ammunition, except for small arms___ Tanks, military....................................... Sighting and fire-control equipment___ Small arms______ ______ __ _____ ____ Ammunition, small arms....................... Tank parts, m ilitary............... : ........... Not elsewhere classified.......................... Nonmanufacturing Construction 9...... ........................................ Building construction....... .................... Heavy engineering................................ Highway.................................................. Not elsewhere classified.......................... Communication 9................. ......................... Telephone (wire and radio)................... Radio broadcasting and television____ Transportation 9............................................. Stevedoring............................................ Streetcar................................................... Bus........................................................... Both streetcar and bus........................... Trucking and hauling............................ Warehousing and storage....................... Not elsewhere classified.......................... Heat, light, and power 9................................ Electric light and power......................... Gas........................................................... Waterworks9.................................................. Personal services............................................ Dry cleaning............................................ Laundries.... ........................................... Laundry and dry cleaning combined__ Amusements and related services......... Hotels..................................................... Eating and drinking places...... ............. Medical and other professional services. Miscellaneous personal services............. See footnotes at end o f table. 2,585 201 344 109 955 49 34 (•) («) 893 1,249 220 599 33 61 99 44 102 91 2,132 1,592 165 258 117 515 120 395 1,290 111 33 292 46 557 197 52 646 430 199 173 4,440 663 724 451 432 430 1,026 303 411 659,237 42, 575 163,807 41, 205 158,130 5,809 1,763 1,594,399 91,609 393,274 113,610 392,927 13,097 3,845 3,180 21,586 221,182 796,696 125,393 390,125 43,019 45,446 81,670 24,260 49,082 37,701 6,742 62,848 516,445 1,853,530 293,875 885,337 103,837 113,483 187,385 60,943 115,891 92,775 94,913 46,070 32,975 12,321 3,547 372,035 360,027 12,008 244,660 40,431 15,752 39,213 82,163 15,020 14,732 1,487 247,348 198,229 48,702 10,335 173,180 20,147 36,486 35,572 11,614 38,603 17,328 8,312 5,118 197,510 89,030 79,180 23,114 6,185 734,699 710,701 23,997 568,952 * 62,936 41,034 98,434 210,467 32,919 33,162 3,922 534,004 427,933 105,100 21,291 385,849 47,138 81,729 81,165 20,816 89,916 36,858 18,343 9,881 24,992 1,124 3,630 2,692 9, 619 233 166 239 764 6,526 27,078 4,422 14,278 1,270 901 2,231 441 1,790 lj 746 5,469 2,726 1,704 832 207 2,451 2,423 28 18,894 5,545 1,095 .3 CO 88 37 0) 1 .8 1 .6 .1 (•) 1,158 435 (7 ) 6 .8 97.4 94.2 96.5 92.8 95.4 91.9 4.6 7.4 .7 ( 7) (7 ) ( 7) ( 7) C 7) ( 7) (0 89.5 ( 7) 10.5 9.3 3.3 1.3 2.3 1 .0 m ( 7) ( 7) ( 7) 3.9 3.9 .6 .5 .4 1.4 .5 .7 .4 ( 7) 2 .2 C7) 1 .8 1 .2 2 .1 1.4 2.4 .3 .4 2 .2 1 .1 .1 4.1 4.8 .7 .4 1,383 1,352 1,294 1,695 875 ( 7) CO ( 7) ( 7) 3.3 3.7 1.7 C7) 1 .1 ( 7) 90.7 96.7 95.5 95.6 98.8 97.3 97.8 98.8 97.4 .8 2 .6 .1 .8 764 959 650 1,059 750 443 1,786 952 778 ( 7) ( 7) ( 7) ( 7) 95.0 94.5 96.7 98.3 97.2 96.7 95.8 94.5 0) 98.5 1,367 1,810 1,783 1,339 1,980 925 998 1,771 1,735 1,966 ( 7) 1,457 1,566 1,771 1,536 100 .0 ( 7) ( 7) CO 16 21 16 21 59 7 36 13 13 14 18 17 21 17 19 15 15 18 18 23 14 13 15 13 16 623 h (•) CO 1 2 .2 1 2 .6 CO <8 .5 1.3 2.3 .6 .6 .4 49 . .4 <13.3 15.0 16.1 1 .2 1 2.2 .9 7.9 11.9 7.2 15 4 18! 8 .2 .6 1.5 1 0 .7 4.2 4.0 3.6 7.7 3.1 27.7 30.6 21.5 36.0 33.5 3.3 3.4 1 .2 .1 .1 00 33.2 3.5 8 8 .1 1 0.6 26.7 20.4 22.3 38.3 37.5 1 .1 2 .1 2 1 .2 1.4 2.3 2.3 3.0 2.3 2.3 19 19 18 15 13 14 14 14 25 16.1 21.3 9.4 5.8 8.3 11 10 1 2.6 .5 14.3 4.8 3.7 .1 .2 .2 ( 7) C7) ( 7) 15 13 7 20 ( 7) ( 7) 00 <14.1 12.3 9.2 23.7 24.5 17.8 42.9 35.4 14 9 12 00 00 00 95.4 96.0 94.9 94.1 97.1 ( 7) 3.0 2.7 3.3 3.6 1.9 1 .6 1 .8 ( 7) 93.3 95.7 (7 ) 1.3 4.2 3.4 .4 1 ,688 453 3,623 273 680 714 174 1,131 526 6 .6 4.3 2,0 1 1 4,692 1,260 1,245 83 6,867 5,156 914 532 896 00 CO .1 (7 ) 94.1 95.6 88.9 5.6 4.2 10.9 .2 .2 18 ( 7) 22 12.9 1 2.0 8 .8 8.4 2 .1 .7 .7 .7 .8 1.1 1 .2 T able A .— In ju ry Rates and Injuries by Extent o f D isability, 1944— Continued Percent of disabling injuries result Average days lost per ing ini— disability i— Industry Business services__________________ ___________ Banks and other financial agencies..................... Insurance______ ________ Real estate—...................... ........... ....................... Miscellaneous business services_____ _________ Automobile-repair services and garages............. Miscellaneous repair services............... ...... ........ Airplane modification................................ ......... Number of estab lish ments Number of em ployees Employee- Number hours of dis abling Death and worked Tempor Tempo (thousands) injuries permanent Permanent rary total Permanent a r y total partial partial total dis disability disability disability disability ability 3* 2,734 912 302 370 382 476 284 7 122,524 44,303 20.813 6,306 19,055 4,628 3,776 20,064 273,401 88,449 40,932 13,702 46,063 11,052 . 8,669 54,787 Educational services................................................... 194 66,835 127,755 Fire departments........................................................ 234 26,084 100,852 2,429 316 65 92 615 145 236 827 1.4 0.4 CQ ( 7) £ ) v ) (71 Q C7) 98.2 (? ) " 1,001 ( 7) ( 7) ( 7) (7 ) (7 ) C7) (m ( 7) .4 .4 5.1 1.2 1,333 .5 1.1 v ) ( 7) 11 Fre quency Sever ity ! 8.9 3.6 1 .6 6.7 13.4 13.1 27.2 15.1 0.5 .2 ( 8) .6 .8 .5 1,482 14 10.4 .8 98.4 .5 775 1,255 17 15 15 97.3 2.2 2,319 ( 7) ( 7) 17 15 17 17 Injury ratesi— 2 2,209 15 23.0 2.1 94.5 98.4 2 .1 .8 Police departments.................................................... 177 25,649 63,222 1,326 .7 1.1 98.2 1,539 21 21.0 1.6 Trade....................................................... .................... Wholesale distributors............................ ........... Retail, general merchandise............................. . Retail, food....... .............. .................................... Wholesale and retail dairy products................... Retail, automobiles........................... ................. Filling stations----------------------- . ....................... Retail, apparel and accessories......... .................. Miscellaneous retail stores________ _______ ___ Wholesale and retail trade combined------- ------ 7,458 2,264 295 750 323 539 230 707 197,705 49,860 45,255 22,035 14,023 7,228 1,948 17,624 30,968 8,764 435,106 110, 368 95,790 51,343 33,142 17,363 4,709 35,648 68,304 18, 435 5,967 1,930 766 760 730 303 34 89 1,042 313 .2 .2 1.8 2.3 98.0 97.5 1,552 1,214 15 15 13 14 14 14 13 13 16 14 413.7 17.5 1.0 2 ,0 0 0 350 i Based on reports which furnished details regarding the resulting disabilities, consti tuting approximately 50 percent of the total sample. « The frequency rate is the average number of disabling injuries for each million employee-hours worked. The severity rate is the average number of days lost for each thousand employee-hours worked. The standard time-loss ratings for fatalities and permanent disabilities are given in Method of Compiling Industrial Injury Rates, approved by the American Standard Association 1937. 3 Each death or permanent total disability is charged with a time loss of 6,000 days in the computation of severity rates. CO CO Q W ( 7> (7 ) A .5 CO CO 4.1 CO CO (7 ) 95.5 <0 <0 (0 2 .1 (7 ) CO CO (0 C 7) (7 ) 2,770 ( ) 97.4 CO (7 ) ( 7) 877 4. 8 8 .0 .1 14.8 .4 3.3 .5 2 2 .0 17.5 7.2 2.5 15.3 17.0 1 .0 .2 1 .0 .6 4 Weighted according to estimates of total current employment in each industry. « Preliminary data compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of Interior. •Not available. 7 Disability distribution and average time charges not given because of small number of injuries for which details were reported. 3 Less than 0.05. * Primarily reported by company instead of by establishment. 15 T able B .— Changes in Exposure, Disabling Injuries, and In ju ry Rates, fo r 29,311 Identical Establishments, 1943 to 1944 Industry Percent of change in— Num ber of Em Dis estab Em Fre lish ployee- abling Total quen Severi time in ments ploy hours cy ty rate ees worked juries lost rate Manufacturing Total, manufacturing......... ............... Chemical products 2_____ ________ Drugs, toiletries, and insecticides. Explosives_______ _____________ Fertilizers............ ......... ........... . Paints and varnishes___________ Rayon and allied products______ Soap and glycerin------------- -------Industrial chemicals____________ Not elsewhere classified_________ Food products.................................. ...... Baking............................................. Canning and preserving..... ......... Confectionery______________ _____ Flour, feed and grain mill products. Slaughtering and meat packing___ Sugar refining.................... .............. Beverages............................. ........... Dairy products...______ _________ Breweries.............................. ........... Distilleries___ _____ _____________ Not elsewhere classified__________ Iron and steel and their products______________ Iron and steel__________ ____ _____________ Cutlery and edge tools_____________ ______ Enameling and galvanizing_______________ Fabricated structural steel______ _____ ____ Forgings, iron and steel................................ Foundries, iron and steel__________________ Hardware___________________ _____ ______ Ornamental metalwork______________ _____ Plumbers’ supplies_____________________ _ Stamped and pressed metal products_______ Steam fittings and apparatus........... .......... . Heating equipment, not elsewhere classified. Tin cans and other tinware_______________ Tools, except edge tools............................ ..... Wire and wire products__________ ________ Plate fabrication and boiler-shop products___ Screws and screw-machine products________ Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets..................... Sheet-metal work______________ _______ ___ Not elsewhere classified............ ................ ..... Leather and leather products__________ Leather--------------------------------------Boots and shoes (other than rubber) Not elsewhere classified___________ Lumber, lumber products, and furniture. Logging------------------ --------------------Planing mills...... ......... ...................... Sawmills.................................... ........ Furniture, except metal____________ Furniture, metal---------------------------Office, store, and restaurant fixtures.. Morticians’ supplies_______________ Wooden containers........ .................... Not elsewhere classified.............. ....... Machinery (not transportation).................... .......... Agricultural machinery and tractors.................. Construction and mining machinery_________ Electrical equipment and supplies___________ Food-products machinery....... ......... ................. Metalworking machinery.______ ____________ Textile machinery....................................... ....... Special industry machinery, not elsewhere classified.............................. ............................. General industrial machinery________________ Commercial and household machinery.............. General machine shops.......... ................. . ......... Engines and turbines.-..................................... See footnotes at end of table. 17,121 1,139 199 56 241 301 4 61 158 99 2,455 567 271 196 452 202 85 214 125 168 36 139 1,857 98 73 38 206 59 533 84 40 39 118 111 98 33 85 67 29 29 8 19 90 425 119 241 65 2,471 109 507 547 750 33 76 37 226 186 1,313 103 131 173 61 188 87 160 280 31 95 4 -3 -2 +1 +6 +2 +8 +1 +2 +3 -2 +1 +2 +8 -2 -2 +5 -2 b4 hi hi -4 h4 +2 (3 ) +11 -3 -3 +8 +6 -2 +1 -1 5 +42 -1 -4 -4 +11 -1 +2 -6 -8 (3 ) +2 -7 -5 -8 -2 +10 -1 6 -3 +22 -2 -4 -6 -3 -5 -5 -4 +5 -4 -5 —9 -1 +31 -3 +7 +50 -1 -1 3 +4 +1 +16 -1 3 +2 +9 +11 -1 2 +13 (3 ) -2 6 +5 +159 -1 5 -2 -8 <> * +9 +2 +1 +4 -8 -6 -2 +12 -2 -6 — 11 G) +10 — 12 -1 — — -4 13 56 -4 -4 -3 -7 -3 1 -6 +61 -1 4 -5 -1 3 +2 -4 6 +14 -5 -1 2 -9 -1 1 15 -2 — 10 +11 (3j -3 3 -4 +7 -5 -4 — +6 21 +3 _ -1 2 -9 -2 4 -2 -1 6 .+ 2 -2 2 -7 (3 11 -1 +54 -3 +1 -4 +6 -1 1 +5 -1 +1 -4 -5 7 -4 6 20 -2 +8 -7 — -1 2 -7 +13 -4 0 -2 +1 +26 -3 1 +53 +61 +25 -2 7 +79 -8 -7 1 -2 +52 -3 7 -7 6 +13 -1 9 +11 i- 6 +24 -7 -4 +13 +45 -3 -1 4 i-l +16 -4 1 -1 5 -1 6 -1 -2 —11 +1 -1 8 -7 -1 -1 +6 — 11 -1 8 +3 +10 -8 +5 -6 -8 +1 -8 +3 (3 ) -7 -2 4 -1 4 -3 6 +41 -6 3 +12 -6 -7 -5 7 -3 -3 -5 -7 -5 -9 -1 3 +3 +34 -2 0 -4 8 -3 2 +113 -1 1 +8 +21 +15 -8 9 -8 1 +39 -3 9 -9 +16 -4 4 -8 3 -2 +6 -9 +4 -1 5 +30 -4 7 -2 7 -1 1 +8 -2 +7 -2 5 -1 6 +18 +93 -1 5 i-l -7 -6 -8 +7 -1 2 -2 i-7 i-2 8 -1 4 -3 8 +36 -6 3 0 +44 -3 7 -7 6 1+6 -1 5 +6 -2 6 +59 +46 +20 -3 0 +100 +20 -3 3 +9 0 0 +8 -4 2 -1 8 0 +8 0 -5 +18 -3 8 +5 -2 3 -6 2 -2 5 -4 4 -2 7 -6 +112 -2 +21 +100 +46 -4 -1 0 +17 +21 +49 -1 1-17 -8 -9 -3 8 1-5 +18 -1 1 (3 ) -7 -8 -2 0 -6 -1 5 +16 -8 9 -5 7 +43 -4 0 1-50 +19 -3 3 -8 2 i+ 8 +33 +7 +6 -5 +18 -4 7 -2 7 -6 -1 -1 4 -1 3 +9 -5 -7 -2 9 -3 0 +29 -5 +7 -1 1 0 +8 -1 2 1-9 1 -1 0 +15 +25 -1 3 -1 8 +42 -3 8 -3 6 -4 6 +3 -5 8 -2 6 -1 6 -3 -1 7 -3 6 -8 -71 -1 6 -2 8 +2 +1 -1 9 -2 6 -7 5 -4 -3 3 +11 -1 2 -7 9 +14 +6 -3 7 -3 6 0 +22 0 -2 2 -2 0 16 T able B . — Changes in Exposure, Disabling Injuries, and In ju ry Rates, fo r 29,311 Identical Establishments, 1943 to 1944— Continued Industry Percent of change in— Number of Em Dis estab Em Fre lish ployee- abling Total quen Severi time in ments ploy hours cy ty rate ees worked juries lost rate Manufacturing—C ontinued Paper and allied products....................... ................. Paper............................................................... . Paper and pulp (integrated)— ....................... . Paper boxes and containers. . . ......................... . Envelopes..................................................... ...... Not elsewhere classified................................ ...... 580 111 46 230 58 135 +1 -1 -3 +22 -5 -5 +2 +2 09 +20 -4 -5 Printing and publishing *.......................................... 2,241 Book and jo b .............. .................................. ...... 1,487 News and periodical-........................ ................. 725 00 Rubber and its products............................................ Rubber tires.............. ........................................... Rubber boots and shoes...................................... Not elsewhere classified...................................... 94 14 +14 +37 +4 +7 +19 +43 Stone, clay, and glass products................................. Brick, tile, and terra cotta. .............................. . Glass. ...................... ......... ........... .................... . Pottery................................... ............................. Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products........ . . Cut stone and cut-stone products. .................... Not elsewhere classified............ .......................... 823 361 153 73 85 94 57 -3 -1 3 -1 -1 2 +6 -1 -8 12 68 Textile and textile mill products......... ................... . 2,410 Carpets and rugs........................... ..................... 38 Clothing, men’s_________ ___ ____ _________ _ 410 Clothing, women’s............ .................................. 460 Cotton goods___________________ __________ _ 304 Dyeing and finishing_________ _____ _________ 117 Knit goods______ _______ ____ ______ _______ 476 Silk and rayon products, not elsewhere classified. 128 Woolen goods___________________ ____ ______ 217 Not elsewhere classified..... .............................. . 260 Transportation equipment 2_..................................... Motor vehicles................................................ . Shipbuilding........................................................ Railroad equipment. .......................................... Aircraft............................................................... . Motor vehicle parts............................................. Aircraft parts............ ..................................... . 464 45 172 28 36 24 151 Miscellaneous manufacturing.................................. . Tobacco products............ ................................ Radios and phonographs................................. Nonferrous metal products.................................. Brushes............................................................. . Brooms......................... ....................................... Not elsewhere classified....................................... 697 157 40 151 35 30 284 Ordnance and accessories........ .................................. Guns and related equipm ent......................... . Ammunition, except for small arms................... Tanks, military............... ............. ................... Sighting and fire-control equipment__________ Small arms---------------------------------------- ------ Ammunition, small arms_______________ ____ Tank parts, military___________________ ____ Not elsewhere classified....................................... 152 16 78 4 4 13 6 10 21 -1 -3 +2 -3 -1 3 +2 +2 +2 +8 +10 -2 +2 +8 -1 -8 -2 1 -1 5 +129 -61 +48 -4 6 -3 7 -3 -5 +5 -1 2 -4 *+2 -3 +25 +3 -9 -1 5 +17 -2 -9 -7 -7 -3 -1 8 -7 -4 -1 0 +25 -8 -2 -6 -1 0 -8 +3 -7 -7 -7 -2 +3 -3 + 10 -1 +18 09 -1 -9 +9 09 +5 +1 -6 -1 9 -1 +3 +1 +77 +11 -1 -1 2 09 -6 1 -5 6 +28 -1 +11 -2 2 -1 0 -1 4 -3 0 -2 9 -2 +2 -4 +17 +4 -8 +2 +1 -6 +5 + 20 -1 1 -1 3 +10 +8 -4 7 -2 8 +24 -1 0 0 10 -1 8 +30 -4 0 -31 +33 -77 +13 -5 8 -4 7 -4 3 -5 5 -4 0 -3 9 -4 0 -4 0 -3 6 -31 -3 5 -31 -4 3 -2 6 -4 2 -2 5 -2 4 -2 8 -1 8 -6 9 +2 +2 +8 +8 -3 8 -3 5 -9 2 -2 -6 -2 2 10 -4 2 +18 -5 5 -3 3 1-7 -2 6 +1 i-1 8 -1 9 -2 5 -1 5 -3 2 -4 6 -3 8 -2 3 +2 +6 0 -5 0 -81 -7 9 -2 6 +162 -8 -1 2 -1 8 -2 3 +19 -1 6 -3 1 -4 7 -2 3 -4 7 -5 7 -3 3 +33 +1 -6 + 11 -7 -9 -9 -31 -4 3 -1 -1 0 i+33 +25 +129 -1 6 09 10 -2 0 0 +100 +10 1 -1 0 + 11 +2 -1 3 -4 i+5 +33 -7 -7 2 +36 -6 7 +17 +55 +15 +193 +79 -4 6 -8 1 -3 -1 2 -8 i-2 3 -3 2 -5 5 +31 -1 4 -3 -2 1 +26 +7 +34 0 -3 -2 +1 -6 -2 5 -1 -8 -1 -1 0 -1 2 +11 -2 0 +8 -1 4 -4 +18 -3 +3 i-5 -3 -4 i+ l -1 4 -2 -5 +15 -2 5 -51 +19 -4 -8 i+ ll +12 +2 0 -4 0 -31 1 -4 +24 +39 +35 +13 +1 -1 1 1-7 +109 -5 9 -1 4 +7 -2 1 -5 -4 -4 -5 -4 -4 -1 1 -1 +7 -1 7 -4 -1 7 +9 -7 1 +26 -7 0 +17 -8 i- 6 +201 -2 0 -8 -1 6 -1 -8 0 -8 -2 +100 +20 +400 -2 0 +52 -4 4 +8 +26 +29 +23 +28 -5 6 Nonmanufacturing Construction a*.......................................................... 1,529 Building..................................... .......................... 1,105 Heavy engineering__________ _______________ 121 Highway.................. ......................................... . 220 Not elsewhere classified_________ ___________ 80 Communication *___________ ___________________ Telephone (wire and radio)------ ------ ------------Radio broadcasting and television...................... See footnotes at end of table. 455 94 361 -2 1 +2 +1 +11 +8 +13 +16 -6 +17 -1 6 +6 +6 +9 -5 0 -5 0 -9 3 17 T able B .— Changes in Exposure, Disabling Injuries, and In ju ry Rates, fo r 29,311 Identical Establishments, 1943 to 1944— Continued Industry Percent of change in— Num ber of Em estab Em Dis Fre lish ployee- abling Total quen Severi time ments ploy hours in cy ty rate ees worked juries lost rate Nonmanufacturing—C ontinued Transportation 2 4______________________________ Stevedoring— .................................................... Streetcar............ ............................. —................. Bus......................... .............................................. Both streetcar and bus................ .................... . Trucking and hauling,...................................... Warehousing and storage................................. ... 760 62 30 233 41 299 61 (i) 3 * -4 Heat, light, and power 2 4....... .................................. Electric light and power. ................................... Gas............ .......................................................... 394 261 119 +1 +1 -2 +3 • +4 +5 +4 +1 (3 ) Waterworks4......... — .................................— ........ 110 -2 -3 Personal services........................................................ 2,674 Dry cleaning................. ....................................... 520 Laundries------------------------------------------- ------ 618 Laundry and dry cleaning combined_________ 378 262 Amusements and related services. ..................... 159 Hotels i __________________________ __________ 435 Eating and drinking places............. ................... Medical and other professional services.............. 180 Miscellaneous personal services. ........................ 122 +2 +4 +15 +22 (3 ) +8 +1 +2 -1 +3 +5 -9 +7 -1 7 +1 -3 +7 +3 (3 ) +7 +3 Business services------------------------- ---------------------- 1,730 684 Banks and other financial agencies..................... 211 Insurance----------- --------- ---------------- ------------196 Real estate---------------------- ------ ------ ------------187 Miscellaneous business services........................ . Automobile-repair services and garages.............. 250 196 Miscellaneous repair services....... ....................... 6 Airplane modification............ ............................. -4 +16 +2 —2 +3 -3 +9 +21 +30 +19 +16 +19 +19 -1 2 +26 +30 -2 +5 +29 +9 -1 5 +20 +20 +15 +14 +22 +12 +6 +25 +21 0 +9 +31 +3 0 +8 +2 +45 +1 +2 0 -5 -5 +50 +19 +391 +23 +350 +11 +11 +7 -2 -8 -2 2 -4 -4 +47 +3 +23 +31 +2 -1 +62 +24 +471 -7 -1 6 +5 +22 -6 6 +6 +27 +152 +8 -1 -2 -1 0 -3 5 -5 2 +60 +6 0 t s +18 -1 6 +32 -4 3 -3 0 +30 +3 0 +25 -2 2 +20 +333 0 0 -6 7 +100 -3 7 -5 0 -9 6 -8 9 +43 +40 +56 -5 6 +21 +28 -4 4 -3 0 +58 -4 +16 (3 ) (3 ) +34 -2 7 + 1 +43 +60 -4 2 45 -4 +3 -4 4 -9 8 -4 6 -9 8 Trade................................. - ......... - ..................- ........ 4,503 Wholesale distributors____________ __________ 1 , 4 2 2 161 Retail, general merchandise------------- ------------310 Retail, food.......................................................... 211 Wholesale and retail dairy products................... 402 Retail, automobiles. ....................... ................... 140 Filling stations..---------------------------------------- 386 Retail, apparel and accessories ------------------ Miscellaneous retail stores--------------- ------ ------ 1,186 285 Wholesale and retail trade combined................. -3 -3 +3 -3 -1 6 -3 1 1+3 i- 1 2 -3 1 +8 -2 1 +5 +9 -5 -2 5 +492 +320 -3 -4 7 Educational services................................................... -1 -1 + 1 -2 -1 —7 -7 -4 -3 +4 -1 +2 +2 +3 —8 (») +3 +2 -8 +2 +4 +2 +6 +32 -3 4 -2 +4 -7 i Weighted according to estimates of total current employment in each industry, a Totals include figures for industries not shown separately. 3 Less than half of 1 percent. 4 Primarily reported by company instead of by establishment. -8 6 -8 8 +66 + 11 -4 5 -2 +16 +9 +10 +27 -3 6 +4 +2 -1 0 0 +25 -8 -2 9 +550 +100 0 -5 0 18 T able C .— Estim ates o f D isabilities, by Extent, fo r M anufacturing Industries9 1944 [Excluding self-employed] All reporting establishments Industry Estimates for entire industry Num Death Em Num ber of ployee- Num All and ber of dis perma ber of em hours dis abling nent estab ploy worked abling in lish ees total in ments (thou (thou sands) juries juries disa sands) bility Chemical products 1_____________ Drugs, toiletries, and insecti cides___________ _____ _____ Explosives.......... .............. ........ Fertilizers......... ................ ........ Paints and varnishes................ Petroleum refining *____ _____ Rayon and allied products____ Soap and glycerin.............. ...... Industrial chemicals................. 2,198 Food products 1.......................... . Confectionery...... ................. Flour, feed, and grain mill products....... ................... ...... Slaughtering and meat packing. Sugar refining....................... . Breweries.................................. 4,244 239 453 1,013,692 31,599 98,900 88,237 1,674 3,100 41 614 1,197 96 321 39 126 Iron and steel and their products1. _ Iron and steel_______________ Fabricated structural steel____ Foundries___________________ Heating equipment, not else where classified__________ __ Tools, except edge tools______ Wire and wire products______ Screw and screw-machine prod ucts_______________________ Bolts, nuts, washers and rivets. 4,829 300 388 1,069 543 1,250,928 17,301 26,300 317 109 288 413 (J ) 30 64 76 17 30 125 86 14 166 930 2,132 3,000 944 1,600 1,273 2,0 0 0 1,286 1,500 3,495 3,500 1,055 1,200 497 600 6,534 12,900 315 Tem porary total disa bility Total days lost (thou sands) 1,050 24,935 3,660 2,910 1,455 1,910 1,475 3,300 1,140 565 12,095 62 1,345 10 4,150 94,455 140 2,950 8,037 207 92,001 2,865 5,700 304,654 10,928 18,300 49,613 1,569 2 ,1 0 0 124 5,745 8 ,1 0 0 50 35 5 15 130 5,520 470 17,795 70 2,025 660 7,425 601 673 190 1,032 1,269 2,940.320 70,440 85,200 497 1,131,813 11,195 12,700 55 128,951 4.600 7,200 187 441,509 18,982 22,400 510 3,660 81,030 760 11,740 260 6,905 340 21,970 7,856 2,371 552 1,265 3,285 1,870 4,050 233 128 378 1,400 1,160 95 33 25 5 310 11,865 80 2,915 110 5,490 608 168 97 66 22 64 90 45 100 20 70 5 70 5 65 295 200 35 90 20 130 60 30 740 111 426 268 101 (3 ) 112 24 27 47 53,297 06,100 111,249 2,283 2,582 4,300 132 16 11 39,498 25,852 743 593 1,500 66 Leather and its products1......... ...... Leather_____________________ Boots and shoes.___ _________ 748 168 462 148 29 107 320,149 65,779 227,885 5,196 1,922 2,813 12,200 Lumber, lumber products, and fur niture i_______________________ Furniture, metal and wood___ Planing mills________________ 4,026 1,132 660 290 89 42 636,047 26,811 85,500 196,319 5,155 11,400 93,930 3,629 7,100 515 10 20 3,850 81,135 790 10,600 330 6,750 8,425 862 616 1,413 3,632,440 59,091 82,200 165 4,030 78,005 5,478 Machinery (not transportation)1. _. Agricultural machinery and tractors___________________ General and special industry machinery 4_______________ Electrical equipment and sup plies______________________ Metalworking machinery_____ Textile machinery_____ ______ Commercial and household ma chines_____________________ Engines and turbines............... 216 196 232 117,295 176,619 37,718 70,421 304,401 117,339 33,098 389,048 Per ma nent partial disa bility 4,896 192 70 165,326 1 ,686 3,964 3,400 15 100 20 130 230 2,0 0 0 100 40 1 ,200 3,000 5,600 — 5,600 15 2,339 415 1,238,056 27,595 38,600 929 1,105 113 568 1,321,445 13,908 19,500 205 508,014 8,573 12,000 15 40,031 692 1 ,000 5,265 363 75 1,620 36,905 2,420 40 50 5 1,320 18,140 440 11,510 40 955 1,529 957 62 98 112 90,102 269,463 Paper and allied products 1............. Pulp and paper..... ................... Paper boxes and containers___ 1,766 577 889 245 148 59 688,950 14,901 23,100 353,260 10,302 12,400 123,673 2,879 4,700 Printing and publishing 1................ News and periodical............ . 2,687 893 175 91 367,912 186,422 3,144 1,487 10,100 3,000 10 470 80 9,600 * 2,910 Rubber and its products 1............. . Rubber tires______ _______ 296 64 188 87 427,310 207,207 7 ,0 1 2 3,214 8,800 4,100 15 15 900 130 7,885 3,955 1,142 271 Stone, clay, and glass products1___ Brick, tile, and terra cotta____ Cement 2................................ Glass................. ..................... . Pottery_____________________ 1,288 415 (3 ) 223 138 210 457,758 57,675 38,434 190,049 57,687 9,846 18,700 2,532 4,700 519 600 3,415 4,600 1,030 1,800 130 40 15 15 490 18,080 90 4,570 30 555 130 4,455 40 1,760 1,595 408 (# ) 312 59 See footnotes at end of table. 120 35 320 27 17 89 27 1,628 2,731 1,700 3,800 20 115 100 25 30 30 430 1,670 3,350 44 467 720 22,265 190 1 2,110 240 4,435 1,712 1,086 384 905 190 19 T a b l e C.— E stim ates'of D isabilities , by E xtent, fo r M anufacturing Industries , 1944 — Con. [Excluding self-employed] All reporting establishments Estimates for entire industry Death Num Em Num ber of ployee- Num All and ber of dis perma ber of em hours dis estab ploy worked abling abling nent lish total ees in (thou in ments (thou sands) juries juries disa sands) bility Industry Textile and textile-mill products1 ... Carpets and rugs _______ __ Cotton goods------ ----------------Dyeing and finishing_________ Knit goods _______________ Silk and rayon products, not elsewhere classified ___ Woolen goods________ _______ 4,373 61 611 664 197 424 60 128 Transportation equipment 1..........Shipbuilding and boatbuild ing «..............— ..................... Aircraft and parts................... . 20 5 Tem porary total disa bility Total days lost (thou sands) 2,170 67,760 60 440 670 20,110 60 3,635 40 3,160 70 837 1,864,107 26,807 70,000 14 30,081 330 500 238 612,603 10,113 20,800 83,904 2,057 3,700 37 108 217,552 1,771 3,200 211 Permarnent partial disar bility 3,787 69 1,142 198 74 2,800 7,100 20 1,648 2,699 6,563,997 104,362 139,700 495 5,895 133,310 10,062 474 729 996 2,445,311 57,991 75,000 1,388 3,342,291 31,882 36,900 375 75 2,625 7,200 1,810 35,015 6,288 2,413 Miscellaneous manufacturing1____ Tobacco products...................... Coke ovens 2..... ..................... — 2,6 8 6 201 669 1,594,399 24,992 31,000 42 91,609 1,124 2,500 24 69,590 1,003 1,300 95 5 1,740 29,165 110 2,385 50 1,230 2,552 108 (3 ) Ordnance and accessories1....... ...... Ammunition, except for small arm s----------------- ------------ 1,249 796 1,853,530 27,078 81,800 325 5,560 75,915 8,887 885,337 14,278 30,400 210 2,250 27,940 4,241 (3 ) 599 390 109,531 273,885 1,461 5,545 50 300 20 2,750 6,780 74 569 1Includes data for industries not shown separately because of insufficient coverage upon which to base industry estimates. 2 Based on preliminary data furnished by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior. 3 Not available. * This classification includes construction, mining, and food-products machinery, s Does not include United States navy yards. T a b l e D .— D istribution o f A ll R eported In ju ries R esulting in Perm anent P artial D isability , A ccording to Part o f B ody A ffected , by Industry , 1944 Percent of permanent partial disability cases involving the loss, or loss of use of— Industry Manufacturing Total, manufacturing................................................. . Chemical products........................ ............................... Explosives.............................................................. Fertilizers................................................................ Industrial chemicals.:............................................ Food products......................................... .................... Baking.................................................................... Canning and preserving...... ............... ................. Confectionery................... ..................................... Flour, feed, and grain mill products..................... Slaughtering and meat packing........................... Sugar refining............................................ ......... . Breweries................................................................ Iron and steel and their products................................ Iron and steel......................................................... Fabricated structural steel..................................... Forgings, iron and steel......................................... Foundries, iron and steel..................................... . Hardware................................................................ Stamped and pressed metal products. ................. Steam fittings and apparatus................................ Not elsewhere classified......................................... i Less than half of 1 percent. Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 A An hand or arm fin gers 3 6 4 14 4 7 0 4 5 9 2 17 6 2 2 1 0 3 0 0 2 1 76 ' 69J 78 55 69 67 92 77 63 71 92 54 47 78 75 74 87 56 90 97 72 75 A foot or toes An eye 3 7 5 6 6 10 6 11 6 A leg 6 0 15 3 14 15 8 4 4 6 5 10 0 8 6 15 16 3 3 3 8 10 8 0 2 9 9 8 0 0 2 5 4 6 4 5 4 5 0 0 0 3 4 2 14 5 6 7 1 0 15 5 3 8 4 17 2 One or both ears Other (hear ing) 6 (0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 (l) 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 oi 0 23 2 0 4 11 4 3 7 3 8 0 0 5 8 20 T able D.~—D istribution o f A ll R eported In ju ries R esulting in Perm artent Partial D isability , A ccording to P a rt o f B ody A ffected , by Industry , 1944 — Continued Percent of permanent partial disability cases involving the loss, or loss of use of— Industry Total A An hand or arm fin gers A leg A foot or toes An eye Leather and its products...... ..................... 100 2 94 2 0 2 Lumber, lumber products, and furniture. Logging............................. ................... Planing mills................................ ........ Sawmills.............- ................................. Furniture, except metal....................... Wooden containers.............................. Not elsewhere classified................ ...... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 4 80 45 81 75 89 90 83 4 17 5 5 0) 4 5 8 12 2 2 2 Machinery (not transportation).............. Construction and mining machinery. Electrical equipment and supplies... General industrial m achinery.......... General machine shops...................... 100 100 100 100 100 2 76 77 77 2 7 5 8 1 9 68 8 2 76 3 3 Paper and allied products........................ 100 0 86 2 Printing and publishing........................... Book and jo b ..................................... News and periodical.......................... 100 100 100 6 6 10 73 72 73 7 5 Rubber and its products.......................... 100 4 78 Stone, clay, and glass products................ Brick, tile, and terra cotta....... ......... Glass................................................... 100 100 100 4 72 73 64 6 9 4 10 Textiles and textile-mill products. Cotton goods......................... . Woolen goods......................... 100 100 100 5 4 81 3 5 3 71 1 1 6 4 13 6 2 Transportation equipment______ Motor vehicles....................... Shipbuilding........................... Railroad equipment.............. . Aircraft.................................. . Aircraft parts ........................ . 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 0 75 75 62 92 78 74 2 2 6 0 2 1 5 4 16 3 3 Miscellaneous manufacturing___ Tobacco products...... ............ Radios and phonographs____ Nonferrous-metal products... Not elsewhere classified........ . 100 100 100 100 100 2 2 1 70 94 56 62 87 Ordnance and accessories.................. Ammunition, except small arms. Small arms................................... 100 100 100 8 5 3 3 2 2 5 0 3 4 0 7 4 2 5 1 3 3 4 5 0 86 76 75 87 3 One or both ears Other (hear ing) 0 0) 3 3 0 6 8 3 4 3 5 0) 0) 0 0 3 0 3 7 3 3 1 1 5 4 5 4 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 9 15 14 0 7 0 5 8 10 5 2 2 2 0 0 0 5 5 5 2 10 1 0 5 5 4 6 7 7 0 3 5 6 9 3 8 2 4 2 0 10 2 0 2 3 14 14 5 0 2 2 ‘7 9 5 5 3 3 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 (9 0 1 0 0) (9 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 0 6 7 9 3 2 4 11 13 2 0 4 18 13 2 23 14 2 5 3 9 0 2 1 2 7 5 7 13 15 16 1 1 0 10 23 33 19 2 2 2 29 9 19 3 13 6 0 0 0 0 9 16 16 5 4 0 0 15 18 0 Nonmanufacturing Construction......................... Building.......................... Heavy engineering......... 100 100 100 Transportation...................... Stevedoring..................... Bus.................................. Both streetcar and bu s.. 100 100 100 100 3 41 40 54 42 Heat, light, and power_____ Electric light and power. 100 100 12 10 43 44 8 Personal services................... 100 2 78 6 9 0 1 4 Trade..................................... Retail................... ........... Wholesale distributors... 100 100 100 4 3 4 73 82 63 4 3 4 10 6 5 3 9 0 0 0 4 4 4 >Less than half of l.pecrent. 5 4 2 5 7 2 55 51 61 9 10 9 10 15 10 16 14 5 11 21 T a ble E .— Indexes o f In jury-F requ en cy Rates in M anufacturing , 1926-44 , b y E xtent o f D isa b ility 1 [1926=100] All injuries Death and permanent total Permanent partial 1926...................................................................... . 1927........................................................................ 1928....................................................... ............... 1929....................................................................... 1930........................................................................ 1931....................................................................... 100.0 1 00.0 93.6 93.2 99.2 95.5 78.0 107.1 107.1 92.9 107.1 92.9 1 0 0 .0 1932._.................................................................... 1933...................- ......... - ....................................... 1934....................................................................... 1935................................. - .................................... 1936.......... ............................................................ 1937....................................................................... 80.9 91.8 93.6 85.7 85.8 107.1 85.7 107.1 92.9 85.7 85.7 1938...................................................................... 1939............ .......................................................... 1940............ ........................................................... 1941....................................................................... 1942....................................................................... 1943....................................................................... 1944................................— .............................. 71.7 73.4 75.3 85.8 93.5 94.4 88.3 71.4 71.4 71.4 80.3 70.7 70.7 62.8 Year 8 8 .1 Temporary total 96.3 104.6 109.2 1 1 1 .0 102 .8 113.8 110.1 128.4 100 .0 93.3 92.5 98.7 94.6 76.5 78.9 90.8 91.6 121.1 8 6 .2 114.7 122 .0 84.1 83.7 78.9 80.7 84.8 93.7 83.4 83.4 75.4 73.9 75.6 86.3 94.1 95.0 89.7 68.1 i Beginning with 1937, the indexes are based on the percent of change of the frequency rates of identical establishments in each pair of successive years. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 19 45
