The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
1 2,3: !<4^d f Dayton & Montgomery Co Public Library SEP i 7 1965 I Document collection INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY WORK CLOTHING M A Y -JU N E 1964 B u l l e t i n No. 1 4 4 0 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR S TA TIS TIC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY WORK CLOTHING M A Y -JU N E 1964 Bulletin No. 1440 June 1965 U N ITE D S T A T E S D E P A R TM E N T O F LA B O R W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewar> Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2 0 4 0 2 - Price 35 cents Preface T h i s b u lle t i n s u m m a r i z e s the r e s u l t s o f a s u r v e y o f w a g e s an d s u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f it s in th e w o r k c lo th in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r y i n M a y —J u n e 1 9 6 4 . Sep arate r e l e a s e s f o r th e fo llo w in g S t a t e s w e r e i s s u e d e a r l i e r , u s u a l l y w ith in a fe w m o n th s o f th e p a y r o l l p e r i o d to w h i c h th e d a t a r e l a t e : A lab am a, C alifo rn ia, G e o r g ia , In d ia n a , K e n tu ck y , M i s s i s s i p p i , M is s o u r i, N o rth C a r o lin a , O k lah o m a, P e n n sy lv a n ia , T e n n e s s e e , T e x a s , and V irg in ia. C o p i e s o f t h e s e r e l e a s e s a r e a v a i l a b l e f r o m th e B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t is t ic s , W ash in g to n , D. C . , 2 0 2 1 2 , o r fro m any of its r e g io n a l o ffic e s. T h i s s t u d y w a s c o n d u c t e d in th e B u r e a u * s D i v i s i o n o f O c c u p a t i o n a l P a y , T o iv o P . K a n n in e n , C h ie f, u n d e r th e g e n e ra l d ire ctio n of L. R. L in se n m a y e r, A ssista n t C o m m is s io n e r fo r W ag es and In d u stria l R e la tio n s. The a n a l y s i s w a s p r e p a r e d b y C h a r l e s M . O l C o n n o r , u n d e r the im m e d ia te su p e rv isio n of L. E a r l L e w is. F ie ld w o rk for th e s u r v e y w a s d i r e c t e d b y th e A s s i s t a n t R e g i o n a l D i r e c to r s for W ag es and In d u stria l R e la tio n s. O th er r e p o r ts a v a i l a b l e f r o m th e B u r e a u 1 s p r o g r a m o f i n d u s t r y w a g e s t u d i e s , a s w e l l a s the a d d r e s s e s o f th e B u r e a u 1 s s i x r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s , a r e l i s t e d a t th e e n d of th is b u lle tin . Contents Page S u m m a r y ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------In d u str y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E s t a b li s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M i n im u m r a t e s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S c h e d u le d w e e k l y h o u r s and o v e r t i m e p r e m i u m p a y -----------------------------------------Shift p r a c t i c e s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P a id h o l i d a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P a id v a c a t i o n s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------H ealth, i n s u r a n c e , p e n s i o n , and s e v e r a n c e p la n s ---------------------------------------------N o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O th er s e l e c t e d b e n e f i t s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 3 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 T a b les: 1. A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s : B y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s -----------------------------2. A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s and e m p l o y m e n t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : S e l e c t e d S t a t e s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 E a r n in g s d i s t r i b u t i o n : 3. A l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. B y m a j o r p r o d u c t ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 12 9 O ccu pation al a v e ra g e s : 5. A l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. B y l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e and c o m m u n i t y s i z e ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. B y l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i z e -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. By m a j o r p r o d u c t ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 22 O ccu p ation al e a rn in g s: 9. A l a b a m a --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. C a l i f o r n i a -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. G e o r g i a --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. I n d i a n a -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. K e n t u c k y --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. M i s s i s s i p p i --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15. M i s s o u r i --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16. N o rth C a r o l i n a ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17. O k l a h o m a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18. P e n n s y l v a n i a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19. T e n n e s s e e ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20. T e x a s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21. V i r g i n i a ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 30 31 32 33 34 v 13 14 Contents— Continued Page T a b l e s — C on tin u ed 35 35 36 36 37 38 38 A pp en d ixes: . S c o p e and m e t h o d o f s u r v e y --------------------------------------------------------------------------. O c c u p a t i o n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 39 43 <! P Q E s t a b li s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and su pplem en tarywage p r o v is io n s : 22. M i n i m u m r a t e s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23. M e t h o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t --------------------------------------------------------------------------24. S c h e d u le d w e e k l y h o u r s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------25. P a id h o l i d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26. P a id v a c a t i o n s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27. H ealth , i n s u r a n c e , p e n s i o n , and s e v e r a n c e p l a n s -----------------------------28. N o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Industry W ag e Survey----- W o rk Clothing, May—June 1964 Sum m ary E a r n in g s o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in the w o r k c lo th in g m a n u fa c tu r in g i n d u s t r y a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 3 an h o u r in M a y— June 1964. 1 W o m e n , a c c o u n t in g f o r s e v e n eigh th s o f the 57, 669 p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by the study, a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 0 an hour; m en a vera ged $ 1 .6 1 . In the Sou th east r e g i o n , 2 w h e r e t w o - f i f t h s o f the i n d u s t r y 's p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s w e r e e m p l o y e d , e a r n in g s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 0 an h o u r . A v e r a g e s in the o t h e r r e g i o n s s tu died s e p a r a t e l y r a n g e d f r o m $ 1 . 3 7 an h ou r in the Sou th w est to $ 1. 58 in the M i d d le A tla n tic and P a c i f i c r e g i o n s . N a tio n w id e , e a r n in g s o f a ll but about 4 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w e r e with in a ra n g e o f $ 1 . 2 5 and $ 2 . 5 0 an h o u r . T w o - f i f t h s o f the w o r k f o r c e had e a r n in g s at o r n e a r $ 1 . 2 5 an h o u r . E a r n in g s data w e r e ta b u la te d by m a j o r p r o d u c t , c o m m u n i t y , and e s t a b l is h m e n t s i z e , l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t status, and s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s . A m o n g the o c c u p a t i o n s s tu died s e p a r a t e l y , n a tio n w id e a v e r a g e s r a n g e d f r o m $ 1 . 3 1 an h o u r f o r w a t c h m e n to $ 2 . 1 4 f o r s e w i n g - m a c h i n e r e p a i r m e n . S e w i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , a c c o u n t in g f o r s lig h t ly m o r e than s e v e n - t e n t h s o f the w o r k e r s , a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 1 an h o u r . A l a r g e m a j o r i t y o f the w o r k e r s w e r e in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d in g paid h o li d a y s , p aid v a c a t i o n s , and at l e a s t p a r t o f the c o s t o f l i f e , h o s p i t a l iz a t io n , and s u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e b e n e f i t s . In d u str y C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s W o r k c lo th in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c o v e r e d by the B u r e a u 's study w e r e c l a s s i f i e d into s i x in d u s t r y b r a n c h e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r p r e d o m in a n t p r o d u c t : ( l ) D u n g a r e e s , (2) o v e r a l l s and i n d u s t r i a l g a r m e n t s (in clu d in g c o v e r a l l s and o v e r a l l w o r k j a c k e t s ) , (3) w a s h a b l e s e r v i c e a p p a r e l, (4) w o r k p an ts, (5) w o r k s h ir t s , and (6) o t h e r w o r k c l o t h i n g . T h e w o r k pants g r o u p a c c o u n t e d f o r t w o - f i f t h s o f the 57, 669 p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in the in d u s tr y in M ay— June 1964; d u n g a r e e s , about a t h i r d ; o v e r a l l s and i n d u s t r i a l g a r m e n t s and w o r k s h i r t s , about a tenth e a c h ; w a s h able s e r v i c e a p p a r e l, s lig h t ly l e s s than a tenth; and o t h e r w o r k c lo th in g , about 2 percent. T h e S o u th east r e g i o n a c c o u n t e d f o r t w o - f i f t h s o f the i n d u s t r y 's p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ; the B o r d e r S ta tes, a six th ; and the S ou th w est, a fifth . A m o n g the in d u s tr y b r a n c h e s , th e s e t h r e e r e g i o n s a c c o u n t e d f o r a p p r o x i m a t e l y f o u r - f i f t h s of the w o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r i m a r i l y m a n u fa c tu r in g d u n g a r e e s , w o r k p an ts, o r w o r k s h i r t s ; and n e a r l y h alf in o v e r a l l s and in d u s t r i a l g a r m e n t s p la n ts . Th e Sou th east and S ou th w est a c c o u n t e d f o r about t h r e e - f i f t h s of the w o r k e r s in w a s h a ble s e r v i c e a p p a r e l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . E s t a b li s h m e n t s in none o f the r e m a i n in g r e g io n s e m p l o y e d as m a n y as a tenth o f the w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by the s u r v e y . 1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey. Wage data contained in this bulletin exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 For definition of regions used in this study, see footnote 1 in table in appendix A. 1 2 T h e M ay— June 1964 e m p l o y m e n t in the in d u s t r y w a s 12 p e r c e n t h ig h e r than in M a y— June 1961, the date o f a s i m i l a r study c o n d u c t e d by the B u r e a u . In the t h r e e m a j o r r e g i o n s , S ou th east, B o r d e r States, and Sou th w est, e m p lo y m e n t had i n c r e a s e d 12, 23, and 55 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t i v e l y ; in the o t h e r r e g i o n s , e m p l o y m e n t d e c l i n e d , r a n g in g f r o m 7 p e r c e n t in the P a c i f i c to 17 p e r c e n t in the G r e a t L a k e s . A lth o u g h M a y— June 1964 p r o d u c t i o n in c e r t a i n s e g m e n t s o f the in d u s t r y a l s o i n c r e a s e d o v e r the e a r l i e r p e r i o d , 4 p a r t o f the e m p l o y m e n t ga in m a y be a t 3 tr ib u t e d to p r o d u c t d i v e r s i f i c a t i o n w h ic h has a c c o m p a n i e d i m p r o v e d m e t h o d s o f p r o d u c t i o n and t e c h n o l o g y a d op ted b y the in d u s tr y . S o m e c o m p a n i e s , e s p e c i a l l y l a r g e m u ltiu n it f i r m s , have e x p a n d ed into c a s u a l w e a r l in e s w h ile m a in ta in in g a s te a d y l e v e l o f w o r k clo th in g p r o d u c t i o n . E s t a b li s h m e n t s in the in d u s t r y m a n u f a c tu rin g i t e m s o t h e r than w o r k c lo th in g as t h e i r s e c o n d m o s t im p o r t a n t p r o d u c t a c co u n te d f o r n e a r l y o n e - f i f t h of the w o r k e r s at the t i m e o f the s u r v e y ; t h o s e w h o s e s e c o n d a r y p r o d u c t w a s w o r k c lo th in g a c c o u n t e d f o r t w o - f i f t h s o f the w o r k f o r c e ; and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s m a n u f a c tu r in g a s in g le typ e o f g a r m e n t e m p l o y e d s li g h t l y m o r e than t w o - f i f t h s . A m o n g the i n d u s t r y b r a n c h e s , the a p p r o x i m a t e p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s not m a n u f a c t u r i n g s e c o n d a r y p r o d u c t s w e r e : O v era lls and i n d u s t r i a l g a r m e n t s , a fifth ; w o r k s h i r t s , a f o u r th ; w o r k pan ts, t w o - f i f t h s ; d u n g a r e e s and o t h e r w o r k clo th in g , a h alf e a c h ; and w a s h a b l e s e r v i c e a p p a r e l, tw o - t h i r d s . Percent of Production Workers in Establishments Classified by Primary and Secondary Product Secondary product Primary product Dungarees--------------------------------------Overalls and industrial garments — Washable service apparel-------------Work p an ts------------------------------------Work shirts------------------------------------Other work clothing------------------------ No Overalls Total secondary and product Dungarees industrial garments Washable service apparel 100 50 _ 10 100 21 37 - 1 100 65 42 27 48 - 4 - 100 100 100 _ Work pants 17 30 4 Work shirts 1 5 2 Other work clothing 5 3 - 12 1 - - 24 1 - - - 26 - - 14 - - 27 - 21 Other than work clothing 18 2 25 19 33 3 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. T h e p r o g r e s s i v e bundle s y s t e m w a s the p r e d o m in a n t m e th o d o f p r o d u c tio n in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p lo y in g n e a r l y t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f the w o r k e r s . T h e bundle and line s y s t e m s w e r e the m a j o r m e t h o d s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p lo y in g a six th and a tenth o f the w o r k e r s , r e s p e c t i v e l y . 5 R e g i o n a l l y , the p r o g r e s s i v e bundle s y s t e m w a s the p r e d o m in a n t m e th o d in a ll e x c e p t the M id d le A tla n tic , w h e r e the bundle s y s t e m p r e v a i l e d . 3 The work clothing industry employed about 66,200 production workers in July 1953 and 51,6 0 0 in May— June 1961. See Industry Wage Survey: Work Clothing, May—June 1961 (BLS Bulletin 1321, 1962), p. 2. 4 U. S. Bureau of the Census, Current Industrial Reports, Apparel Survey, 1962, Series M23A(62)2; and Men's Apparel, June 1964 and Men's Apparel, July 1964, Series M23B(64)6 and 7. 5 Establishments were classified according to their major method of production as follows: (1) Line system— an operation in which parts of garments move down a line as each sewing-machine operator performs a standard task on a piece and then passes it on to the next operator, usually by means of a slide board or chute, for further process ing; ( 2 ) bundle system— an operation in which bundles of garments or parts of garments are distributed to individual operators who perform one or more operations on a number of identical pieces and rebundle the garments for move ment to another operator; and (3) progressive bundle system— an operation in which the bundles of garments flow in a logical order of work from operator to operator, each performing one or two assigned tasks on various pieces in the bundle. Since the procedure is standardized, the need for checking in and reassigning the work, as under the bundle system, is eliminated. 3 S ligh tly m o r e than a f o u r th o f the w o r k e r s w e r e e m p l o y e d in m e t r o p o lita n a r e a s ; 6 the p r o p o r t i o n s r a n g e d f r o m a tenth in the B o r d e r States and S ou th e a st to a ll in the M id d le A tla n tic r e g i o n . In t e r m s o f e m p l o y m e n t , w o r k c lo th in g m a n u f a c t u r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c o v e r e d b y the s u r v e y r a n g e d in s i z e f r o m about 20 to n e a r l y 1, 000 e m p l o y e e s . A fo u r th o f the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y e d 250 w o r k e r s o r m o r e and a c c o u n t e d f o r about t h r e e - f i f t h s o f the i n d u s t r y ’ s w o r k f o r c e . A m o n g the r e g i o n s , e s t a b l i s h m e n ts o f this s iz e e m p l o y e d an eighth o f the w o r k e r s in the M id d le A tla n tic , a p p r o x i m a t e l y a t h i r d in the G r e a t L a k e s and M id d le W e st, n e a r l y t h r e e - f i f t h s in the B o r d e r States and Sou th w est, t w o - t h i r d s in the Sou th east, and about s e v e n eigh th s in the P a c i f i c . E s t a b li s h m e n t s with c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s c o v e r i n g a m a j o r i t y o f t h e i r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d s lig h tly m o r e than t w o - f i f t h s o f the i n d u s t r y ’ s w ork fo rc e . T h e p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s in s u c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t s r a n g e d f r o m a fo u r th to s lig h tly m o r e than t w o - f i f t h s in the t h r e e s o u th e r n r e g i o n s and f r o m s e v e n - t e n t h s to n e a r l y a ll in the r e m a i n in g r e g i o n s . L abor-m an agem en t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e w a s h ig h e r in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s than in s m a l l e r c o m m u n i t i e s ( t h r e e - f i f t h s and t w o - f i f t h s o f the w o r k e r s , r e s p e c t i v e l y ) and h ig h e r in plants e m p lo y in g 250 w o r k e r s o r m o r e (about half) than in the s m a l l e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s (a t h i r d ). S i m i l a r r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n the c o m m u n i t y s i z e s e x i s t e d in about h alf o f the r e g i o n s and b e t w e e n the e s t a b li s h m e n t s i z e s in a ll r e g i o n s stu died s e p a rately. T h e m a j o r un ion s in the in d u s t r y w e r e the A m a l g a m a t e d C loth in g W o r k e r s o f A m e r i c a and the U nited G a r m e n t W o r k e r s o f A m e r i c a . T h e 5 0 ,6 7 1 w o m e n ( f o u r - f i f t h s e m p l o y e d as s e w i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ) o u t n u m b e r e d m e n in the in d u s t r y 7 to 1. W o m e n w e r e p r e d o m in a n t in s u ch j o b s as fin a l i n s p e c t o r s , p r e s s e r s , s e w i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , and t h r e a d t r i m m e r s . W o r k e r s in t h e s e o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e g e n e r a l l y p aid u n d e r in c e n t iv e s y s t e m s . J ob s sta ffe d p r i m a r i l y b y m e n in c lu d e d j a n i t o r s , m a c h in e c u t t e r s , m a r k e r s , s e w i n g m a c h i n e r e p a i r m e n , s p r e a d e r s , s t o c k c l e r k s , and w o r k d i s t r i b u t o r s ; th e s e o c c u p a tio n s w e r e u s u a ll y t i m e r a te d . In c e n t iv e w a g e p a y m e n t s y s t e m s , m o s t c o m m o n l y in d iv id u a l p i e c e r a t e s , a p p lie d to s lig h t ly m o r e than f o u r - f i f t h s o f the i n d u s t r y 's w o r k f o r c e (table 23). In 5 o f the 7 r e g i o n s , the p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s u n d e r i n c e n t iv e s y s t e m s w e r e c l o s e l y g r o u p e d (84 to 88 p e r c e nt); in the G r e a t L a k e s and M id d le A tla n tic , 71 and 65 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t i v e l y , w e r e on in c e n t iv e s y s t e m s . Th e w a g e s o f about s e v e n tenths o f the w o r k e r s p a id on a t i m e - r a t e d b a s i s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d p r i m a r i l y a c c o r d i n g to in d iv id u a l e m p l o y e e q u a l i f i c a t i o n s ; w a g e s y s t e m s c o n s i s t i n g o f a s in g le ra te f o r e a c h j o b , and t h o s e p r o v i d in g a ra n g e of r a t e s f o r e a c h j o b , a p p lie d to an eighth and to a fifth of the t i m e - r a t e d w o r k e r s , r e s p e c t i v e l y . A v e r a g e H o u r ly E a r n in g s S t r a i g h t - t i m e e a r n in g s o f the 57, 669 p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by the study a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 3 an h ou r in M a y — June 1964— an i n c r e a s e o f 15 p e r c e n t s in c e the 1961 s t u d y 7 (table 1). In the B o r d e r States, S ou th east, and S ou th w est, w h e r e * ^ Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U. S. Bureau of the Budget in 1961. Bulletin 1321, op. cit. The Federal minimum hourly wage for manufacturing establishments engaged in interstate commerce was increased from $1 to $ 1 .1 5 effective Sept. 3, 1961, and to $ 1 .2 5 effective Sept. 3, 1963. 7 4 t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f the w o r k e r s w e r e e m p l o y e d , e a r n in g s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 2 , $ 1 . 4 0 , and $ 1 . 3 7 an h o u r , r e s p e c t i v e l y . In the o t h e r r e g i o n s f o r w h i c h s e p a r a t e data a r e p r e s e n t e d , h o u r l y a v e r a g e s w e r e $ 1 . 5 0 in the M id d le W e s t , $ 1 . 5 1 in the G r e a t L a k e s , and $ 1 . 5 8 in the M id d le A tla n tic and P a c i f i c r e g i o n s . T h e se re g io n a l a v e r a g e s r e p r e s e n t i n c r e a s e s a b o v e t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e 1961 l e v e l s , b y a m ou n ts ra n g in g f r o m 10 p e r c e n t in the P a c i f i c to 18 p e r c e n t in the S ou th ea s t. E a r n in g s data a r e p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r 13 States in ta b le 2. W ork e r s in t h e s e S ta tes , a c c o u n t i n g f o r 85 p e r c e n t o f the i n d u s t r y 's w o r k f o r c e , had a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s that r a n g e d f r o m $ 1 . 3 5 in N orth C a r o l i n a and $ 1 . 3 6 in T e x a s to $ 1 . 6 1 in C a l i f o r n i a . T h e 5 0 ,6 7 1 w o m e n a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 0 an h o u r , c o m p a r e d w ith $ 1 . 6 1 f o r the 6, 998 m e n . D i f f e r e n c e s in a v e r a g e p ay l e v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n m a y be the r e s u l t o f s e v e r a l f a c t o r s , in c lu d in g v a r i a t i o n in the d i s t r i b u t i o n o f the s e x e s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and a m o n g j o b s w ith d i s p a r a t e p a y l e v e l s . F o u r - f i f t h s o f the w o m e n , f o r e x a m p l e , w e r e e m p l o y e d as s e w i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , w h e r e a s m e n w e r e r a r e l y e m p l o y e d in th is j o b . D i f f e r e n c e s n o te d in a v e r a g e s f o r m e n and w o m e n in the s a m e j o b and g e o g r a p h i c l o c a t i o n m a y r e f l e c t m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s in d u t ie s . J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g w o r k e r s in w a g e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a ll y m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d than t h o s e u s e d in in d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b e c a u s e a ll o w a n c e m u s t be m a d e f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s p e c i f i c d u ties p e r f o r m e d . A l s o , e a r n in g s in s o m e j o b s a r e l a r g e l y d e t e r m i n e d b y p r o d u c tio n at p i e c e r a t e s . V a r i a t i o n s in i n c e n t iv e e a r n in g s f o r in d iv id u a ls o r s e x g r o u p i n g s m a y be t r a c e a b l e to d i f f e r e n c e s in w o r k e x p e r i e n c e , e f f o r t , w o r k f lo w , o r o t h e r f a c t o r s w h ic h the w o r k e r m a y o r m a y not c o n t r o l . A m o n g the f iv e i n d u s t r y b r a n c h e s f o r w h i c h e a r n in g s data a r e p r e s e n t e d , n a t io n w id e h o u r l y a v e r a g e s w e r e h ig h e s t in w a s h a b l e s e r v i c e a p p a r e l p la n ts ( $ 1 . 4 9 ) and l o w e s t in w o r k s h ir t pla n ts ( $ 1 . 4 0 ) ; the w a g e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n th e s e tw o b r a n c h e s , h o w e v e r , a m o u n t e d to 4 c e n ts in the S ou th east, the o n ly r e g i o n w h e r e c o m p a r is o n was p o s s ib le . E a r n in g s data f o r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s w e r e a l s o ta b u la te d by s i z e o f c o m m u n ity, l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e , and s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t . N ation w i d e , a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s w e r e h ig h e r in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s than in s m a l l e r c o m m u n i t i e s ( $ 1 . 4 8 and $ 1 . 4 1 ) , and h ig h e r in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith u nion a g r e e m e n ts c o v e r i n g a m a j o r i t y o f t h e i r w o r k e r s than in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s without s u ch c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e ( $ 1 . 4 8 and $ 1 . 3 8 ) . In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p lo y in g 20—249 w o r k e r s and 250 w o r k e r s o r m o r e , a v e r a g e e a r n in g s w e r e id e n t i c a l ( $ 1 . 4 3 ) . The a p p a r en t a n o m a l y o f i d e n t i c a l a v e r a g e s is p a r t ly the r e s u l t o f the d i f f e r e n c e s in the g e o g r a p h i c d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f w o r k e r s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o f the tw o s iz e c l a s s e s . F o r e x a m p le , the tw o l o w e s t p a y in g r e g i o n s , the S ou th east and S ou th w est, a c co u n te d f o r h a lf o f the w o r k e r s in the s m a l l e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i z e g r o u p , c o m p a r e d with t w o - t h i r d s o f t h o s e in the l a r g e r . T h e n a tio n w id e e a r n in g s r e l a t i o n sh ip s f o r c o m m u n i t y s i z e and l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e g e n e r a l l y h e ld w ith in the r e g i o n s , w h e r e c o m p a r i s o n s w e r e p o s s i b l e ; f o r e m p lo y m e n t s i z e g r o u p s , the l a r g e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s had w a g e a d v a n ta g e s in n e a r l y a ll i n s t a n c e s . In c o n s i d e r i n g the w a g e d i f f e r e n c e s n o te d in the p r e c e d i n g p a r a g r a p h s and in the f o l l o w i n g d i s c u s s i o n o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n in g s , it m u s t be e m p h a s i z e d that it is not p o s s i b l e to i s o l a t e the in f l u e n c e of e a c h f a c t o r as a d e t e r m i n a n t of w ages. T o i l l u s t r a t e t h e i r i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p , e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith l a b o r m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s a c c o u n t e d f o r a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n of w o r k e r s in m e t r o p o li t a n a r e a s than in s m a l l e r c o m m u n i t i e s in about h a lf o f the r e g i o n s . 5 N a tio n w id e , e a r n in g s o f a ll but about 4 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w e r e w ith in a r a n g e o f $ 1 . 2 5 and $ 2 . 5 0 an h o u r (tab le 3). T w o - f i f t h s o f the 5 7 ,6 6 9 p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s e a r n e d $ 1 . 2 5 but l e s s than $ 1 . 3 0 an h o u r ; n e a r l y 3 p e r c e n t e a r n e d l e s s than $ 1 . 2 5 . 8 F o u r - f i f t h s o f the w o r k e r s w ith in the $ 1 . 2 5 to $ 1 . 3 0 e a r n in g s i n t e r v a l w e r e s e w i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ; a lth ou gh w o r k e r s in th is o c cu p a t io n w e r e p a id p r e d o m i n a n t l y u n d e r i n c e n t iv e s y s t e m s , about 44 p e r c e n t o f t h e m e a r n e d $ 1 . 2 5 but l e s s than $ 1 . 3 0 an h o u r . S lig h tly m o r e than t w o - f i f t h s o f the w o m e n and n e a r l y o n e - f o u r t h o f the m e n p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s than $ 1 . 3 0 an h o u r . A s i n d i c a t e d in the f o l l o w i n g ta b u la tio n , the d i s t r i b u t i o n o f w o r k e r s in the e a r n in g s a r r a y v a r i e d a m o n g the r e g i o n s . F o r e x a m p le , n e a r l y h alf the w o r k e r s in the P a c i f i c r e g i o n e a r n e d l e s s than $ 1 . 5 0 an h o u r , c o m p a r e d w ith s lig h tly m o r e than f o u r - f i f t h s in the Sou th w est. Percent of production workers earning less than— $ 1.2 5 Middle Atlantic ------------------ -----------------Border S ta te s----------------------- -----------------Southeast----------------------------- -----------------Southwest----------------------------- -----------------Great L ak es-------------------------- -----------------Middle W est-------------------------- -----------------P a c ific --------------------------------- ------------------ 0. 1 3. 3 2 .3 3. 8 2 .4 4. 2 .9 $ 1.3 0 $ 1 .4 0 2 0 .6 41. 7 5 8 .4 6 4 .6 7 1.4 46. 7 4 8 .5 3 8 .4 4 0 .5 4 5 .4 55. 8 25. 9 32. 7 2 9 .0 $ 1 .5 0 53. 7 7 1.4 77.6 8 2.3 5 9 .6 6 2 .9 49. 1 O c c u p a t i o n a l E a r n in g s O c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s f o r w h ic h a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n ing s a r e p r e s e n t e d in ta b l e 5 a c c o u n t e d f o r s e v e n - e i g h t h s o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in the in d u s tr y in M a y — June 1964. A v e r a g e s a m o n g m o s t o f th e s e o c c u p a t i o n s ra n g e d f r o m $ 1 . 3 1 an h o u r f o r w a t c h m e n to $ 1 . 5 0 f o r hand f in i s h p r e s s e r s . A v e r a g e s e x c e e d i n g $ 1 . 5 0 an h ou r w e r e r e c o r d e d f o r s p r e a d e r s ( $ 1 . 5 1 ) , m a ch in e f in i s h p r e s s e r s ( $ 1 . 5 5 ) , m a r k e r s ( $ 1 . 8 1 ) , m a c h i n e c u t t e r s ( $ 1 . 9 8 ) , and s e w i n g - m a c h i n e r e p a i r m e n ( $ 2 . 14). T h e 4 1 , 3 8 4 s e w i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ( v ir t u a l l y a ll w o m e n ) a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 1 an h o u r . A m o n g the r e g i o n s , t h e i r a v e r a g e s r a n g e d f r o m $ 1 . 3 5 in the Sou th w est to $ 1 . 5 7 in the P a c i f i c , w ith v a r i a t i o n s a r o u n d t h e s e a v e r a g e s b y typ e o f p r o d u c t b e in g s e w n . In the S ou th ea st, f o r e x a m p l e , w h e r e the a v e r a g e w a s $ 1 . 3 8 an h o u r f o r a ll s e w i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s , t h o s e w o r k i n g on o v e r a l l s and i n d u s t r i a l g a r m e n t s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 35, c o m p a r e d with $ 1 . 4 2 f o r t h o s e s e w in g w a s h a ble s e r v i c e a p p a r e l. O f the s i x o t h e r o c c u p a t i o n s f o r w h i c h e a r n in g s data a r e a v a i la b le f o r e a c h r e g i o n , a v e r a g e s w e r e u s u a ll y l o w e s t in e i t h e r the Sou th east o r Sou th w est and h ig h e s t in the P a c i f i c . D i f f e r e n c e s b e tw e e n the h ig h e s t and l o w e s t r e g i o n a l a v e r a g e s f o r th e s e j o b s r a n g e d f r o m 15 p e r c e n t f o r w o r k d i s t r i b u t o r s to 46 p e r cen t f o r s e w i n g - m a c h i n e r e p a i r m e n . g The Federal minimum wage law applies to manufacturing establishments engaged in interstate commerce. Under specified conditions, workers certified as learners or handicapped workers may be paid less than the legal minimum. 6 O c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n in g s data b y c o m m u n i t y s i z e , e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i z e , and l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e a r e p r e s e n t e d in t a b l e s 6 and 7. N ation w id e and in the G r e a t L a k e s and M id d le W est r e g i o n s , w o r k e r s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s u s u a ll y a v e r a g e d m o r e than t h e i r c o u n t e r p a r t s in s m a l l e r c o m m u n i t i e s ; in the S ou th east and S ou th w est, h o w e v e r , this r e l a t i o n s h i p w a s g e n e r a l l y r e versed. C o m p a r i s o n s w e r e not p o s s i b l e in the o t h e r r e g i o n s , e x c e p t f o r tw o o c c u p a t i o n s in the B o r d e r S ta tes . O c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s w e r e u s u a ll y h ig h e r in l a r g e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s than in s m a l l e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and h ig h e r in u n ion plan ts than in n on u n ion p la n ts w h e r e c o m p a r i s o n s c o u l d b e m a d e . The latter re la tio n sh ip w a s tr u e e v e n w h en c o m p a r i s o n s w e r e l i m i t e d to the s a m e c o m m u n i t y s i z e and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i z e g r o u p s . N a tio n w id e , o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s w e r e u s u a ll y h ig h e r in pla n ts p r i m a r i l y m a n u f a c t u r i n g d u n g a r e e s o r o v e r a l l s and i n d u s t r i a l g a r m e n t s than in t h o s e m a n u f a c t u r i n g w o r k pants o r w o r k s h ir t s (ta b le 8 ). R e g i o n a l l y , h o w e v e r , th is r e l a t i o n s h i p w a s not c o n s i s t e n t . In the S ou th east, f o r e x a m p l e , w o r k e r s in d u n g a r e e plan ts g e n e r a l l y m a in ta in e d a w a g e a d va n ta ge o v e r t h e i r c o u n t e r p a r t s in pla n ts m a n u f a c t u r i n g w o r k p a n ts ; in the B o r d e r States and S ou th w est r e g i o n , th is rela tion sh ip was r e v e r s e d . E a r n in g s o f in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s v a r i e d g r e a t l y w ith in the s a m e j o b and gen eral geographic area. In m a n y i n s t a n c e s , p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r j o b s c o m m o n l y p a id on an i n c e n t iv e b a s i s , h o u r l y e a r n in g s o f the h ig h e s t p a id w o r k e r e x c e e d e d t h o s e o f the l o w e s t p a id in the s a m e j o b and State by $1 o r m o r e . Thus, so m e w o r k e r s in c o m p a r a t i v e l y l o w - p a i d j o b s (as m e a s u r e d b y the a v e r a g e f o r a ll w o r k e r s ) e a r n e d m o r e than s o m e w o r k e r s in j o b s f o r w h i c h s i g n i f i c a n t l y h ig h e r a v e r a g e s w e r e r e c o r d e d . F o r e x a m p l e , the f o l l o w i n g ta b u la tio n i n d i c a t e s a c o n s i d e r a b l e o v e r l a p p i n g o f in d iv id u a l r a t e s f o r m e n m a c h i n e c u t t e r s and w o m e n s e w i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s ( d u n g a r e e s ) in T e n n e s s e e , d e s p it e a 3 0 - c e n t d i f f e r e n c e in the a v e r a g e s f o r the tw o j o b s . Number of workers Machine cutters (men) $1. 25 $1. 30 $ 1. 40 $1. 50 $ 1 .6 0 $1. 70 and and and and and and under $1. 3 0 -------under $1. 4 0 -------under $1. 5 0 -------under $1. 6 0 --------under $1. 7 0 -------o v e r -------------------- _ Sewing-machine operators, dungarees (women) 14 49 506 325 173 128 81 117 103 Total workers---------- *Average hourly earnings------- $1. 70 1 ,33 0 $ 1 .4 0 E s t a b li s h m e n t P r a c t i c e s 5 15 20 and S u p p l e m e n t a r y W age P r o v i s i o n s Data w e r e a l s o o b ta in e d on m i n i m u m r a t e s , w o r k s c h e d u l e s , o v e r t i m e p r e m i u m p ay, and s e l e c t e d s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s i n c lu d in g p a id h o l i d a y s , v a c a t i o n s , and v a r i o u s h ealth , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p l a n s . 9 9 Establishments employing an estimated 15 percent of the workers contributed to union-administered health and welfare funds from which selected benefits were provided to the employees. Such plans have been included in the tabulations. 7 M inim um R a te s. 10 M inim um entrance and job rates were reported by nearly all the establishm ents visited (table 22). N ine-tenths reported $ 1 .2 5 an hour as their m inim um entrance rate and fo u r-fifth s reported $ 1 .2 5 as their m inim um job rate. Of the other m inim um rates recorded, $ 1 .3 0 and $ 1 .3 5 were m ost com m on. M inim um entrance and job rates w ere identical in fo u r fifths of the establish m en ts; in the oth ers, 5, 10, or 15 cents m ost com m only separated the two m inim um ra te s. An hourly rate of $ 1. 25 was the predominant entrance m inim um in each region and the predominant job m inim um in all except the Middle W est, where a wide variety of rates was reported. Scheduled W eekly Hours and O vertim e P rem ium P a y . Work schedules of 40 hours a week were in effect in establishm ents employing m ore than nin etenths of the w orkers in each region (table 24). W ork schedules other than 40 hours applied to sm all proportions of the w orkers in the Border States, South w est, Great L akes, and Middle W est region s. Virtually all w orkers were in establishm ents providing tim e and one-half pay for work after 40 hours a week; half the w orkers w ere in establishm ents with sim ila r pay policies for work after 8 hours daily. The latter applied to a m a jo rity of the w orkers in all region s, except the Border States and Southeast. Shift P r a c tic e s . Second shifts accounted for about 6 percent of the w ork ers at the tim e of the study; third shifts were not operating in any of the e sta b lishm ents visited. Shift differential pay was not com m only provided. Among the regions studied separately, second shifts were found operating only in the Border States, Southeast, and Southwest region s. Paid H olidays. Paid holidays, m ost com m only 6 or 7 days annually, were provided to tw o-th irds of the industry's production w orkers (table 25). R e gionally, the proportions of w orkers in establishm ents providing paid holidays were half in the Southeast, th re e-fifth s in the Southwest, seven-tenths in the Border States, and nine-tenths or m ore in the Great L akes, Middle Atlantic, Middle W est, and P a cific. Paid V aca tion s. Paid vacations, after qualifying periods of se rv ice , were provided by establishm ents employing nine-tenths of the w orkers (table 26). One w eek's vacation pay after 1 year of service applied to fo u r-fifth s of the w ork ers; 2 w eeks' pay after 5 y e a r s, to slightly m ore than th r e e -fifth s ; and m ore than 2 w eeks' pay after 15 y e a rs, to about an eighth of the w o rk ers. In general, v a cation provisions were m ore lib era l in the Middle Atlantic, Great Lakes, Middle W est, and Pacific than in the three southern regions. Health, Insurance, Pension, and Severance P la n s . L ife, h o sp ita li zation, and surgical insurance, for which em ployers paid all or part of the cost, w ere available to at least seven-tenths of the w o rk ers; accidental death and d is m em berm ent insurance, to a third; and sickness and accident and m edical in su r ance, to about th ree-tenths (table 27). Sick leave and catastrophe insurance were ra rely provided. Regionally, the proportions of w orkers covered by these benefits varied considerably; life insurance, for exam ple, was available to about half the w orkers in the Border States, com pared with fo u r-fifth s in the P a cific. 1 For this study, minimum entrance and job rates are defined as the lowest established rates for inexperienced 0 and experienced time-rated workers, respectively, in unskilled occupations, except watchmen, apprentices, handicapped, and superannuated workers. 8 Pension plans, providing regular payments on retirem ent for the r e mainder of the w orkers life (in addition to F ed eral social security benefits) were provided by establishm ents employing a fourth of the production w o rk ers. R e gionally, the proportions ranged fro m an eighth of the w orkers in the Border States to nearly th ree-fo u rth s in the P a cific. Plans providing lu m p -su m payments at retirem en t, as w ell as payments for separation due to technological change, were seldom found in the industry. Nonproduction B on uses. Nonproduction bonuses were provided by e sta b lishm ents employing tw o-fifth s of the production w orkers (table 28). R egionally, the proportions of w orkers ranged fro m about a fifth in the Middle Atlantic and Middle W est to fo u r-fifth s in the P a cific. Except in the Great L akes, where p rofit-sh a rin g plans applied to a fourth of the w o rk ers, C h ristm as or yearend bonuses were the types m ost com m only provided. Other Selected B e n e fits. Pay for jury duty was provided in e sta b lish ments employing an eighth of the w o rk ers. This benefit applied to a third of the w orkers in the P acific, about a sixth in the Southeast and Middle W est, nearly an eighth in the Southwest, and le s s than a tenth in the Border States and Middle Atlantic region; none of the establishm ents visited in the Great Lakes provided paid jury duty leave. Funeral leave pay was ra rely available to the w o rk ers. The proportions of w orkers covered by paid funeral leave provisions did not exceed 5 percent of the work force in any of the four regions where they were recorded (Border States, Southwest, Great L akes, and Middle W est). T a b le 1. A vera g e H ou rly Earnings: By Selected C haracteristics ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o r k c lo th in g m a n u f a c t u r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , U n it e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y - J u n e 1 9 6 4 ) United States 2 Item Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Number Average Number Average Number Average Number Average Number Average Number hourly of of hourly of hourly of hourly hourly of of w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers 9, 626 8, 344 1, 282 $ 1 .4 2 1 .4 0 1. 55 2 2 ,8 9 7 2 0 ,0 3 8 2, 859 $ 1 .4 0 1. 38 1. 52 1 1 ,2 4 6 10, 047 1, 199 $ 1. 37 1. 35 1. 53 3 ,9 5 9 3, 534 425 $ 1. 51 1 .4 7 1 .8 4 4, 844 4, 213 631 $ 1. 50 1 .4 5 1. 83 2, 322 2, 113 209 - 4, 633 - 1 .4 3 4, 989 1. 37 - - 3, 480 1. 42 - - 1 .4 2 1. 39 1. 38 5, 292 " 1. 37 " 1. 51 - 1. 52 - 1, 610 - 1, 847 - 5, 494 1, 967 9, 862 3, 206 1. 42 - 1. 43 2, 269 20, 628 1 .4 4 1. 39 4, 914 6, 332 1. 35 1. 38 1, 863 2, 096 1. 57 1. 46 1 ,3 7 9 3, 465 1. 61 1. 46 3, 925 5, 701 1.41 1. 43 7, 912 14, 985 1. 37 1. 41 4, 728 6, 518 1. 36 1. 37 2, 692 1, 267 1. 53 1. 48 3, 092 1, 752 1. 46 1. 57 1, 949 1. 56 3, 200 6, 426 1. 48 1. 39 5, 973 1 6 ,9 2 4 1 .4 4 1. 38 4, 678 6, 568 1. 38 1. 36 2, 780 1. 52 4, 273 1. 52 2, 267 1. 59 2, 185 1, 873 312 645 222 915 694 211 1.43 1.46 1.49 1.41 1.40 - Size of community: M etropolitan areas 4 ---------------------------------------Nonm etropolitan a r e a s ------------ --------------------- 15, 606 42, 063 1.48 1.41 2, 185 - 1. 58 - 8, 654 Size of establishm ent: 20—249 w o rk ers-------------------------------------------------250 w ork ers or m o r e --------------------------------------- 25, 208 32, 461 1.43 1.43 1, 896 - 1. 59 - L ab or-m an agem en t contracts: E stablishm ents with— M ajority of w orkers c o v e r e d ------------------None or m inority of w orkers covered----- 2 5 ,4 4 5 32, 224 1.48 1. 38 - 5 7 ,6 6 9 50, 671 6, 998 M ajor product: D u ngarees----------------------------------------------------------O veralls and industrial garm ents - --------- _ W ashable serv ic e a p p a re l-----------------------------W ork pants---------------------------------------------------------W ork sh irts--------------------------------------------------------- 18, 6, 3, 22, 5, Pacific $ 1. 58 1. 53 1. 89 $ 1.43 1.40 1.61 A ll production w orkers 3--------------------------------------W o m e n ----------------------------------------------------------------M e n ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Middle W est A verage Number A verage Number Average hourly hourly of of hourly earnings workers earnings workers earnings - - " - - - - $ 1. 58 1. 54 2. 03 - - - - - - - - 1,6 6 0 - - 1. 63 - 1 E xcludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for m ajor product classification s in addition to those shown separately. 4 Standard M etropolitan Statistical A reas as defined by the U. S. Bureau of the Budget in 1961. NO TE : Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication c rite ria . VO T able 2. Average H ourly Earnings and E m ploym ent Characteristics: S elected States (A verage stra igh t-tim e hourly earn ings1 and percent distribution of production w orkers in work clothing manufacturing establishm ents by selected c h a ra c te ristic s, 13 selected States, May— June 1964) Percent of production w orkers employed in establishm ents according to— Number of w orkers State Dungarees A la b a m a ______________________________________________ C a lifo r n ia ____________________________________________ G e o r g ia _______________________________________________ Indiana________________________________________________ Kentucky______________________________________________ M is s is s ip p i __________________________________________ M is s o u r i______________________________________________ North C arolin a_______________________________________ Oklahom a_____________________________________________ P en n sylvan ia ________________________________________ T e n n e sse e ____________________________________________ T e x a s__________________________________________ ____ — V irgin ia_______________________________________________ 2, 096 1,7 0 2 6, 220 2, 184 4 , 562 4 , 399 3, 729 1 ,8 6 4 1,4 6 8 1,5 99 8, 318 6, 807 4, 146 $1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 43 61 40 50 45 39 53 35 43 56 39 36 40 O veralls and industrial garm ents 43 21 15 24 44 9 38 95 63 18 18 47 63 1 Excludes p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, 2 L e ss than 0. 5 percen t. N O TE : B ecause of rounding, Community size M ajor product Average hourly earn ings1 sum s of individual item s may not equal 100. 5 - 34 18 - 5 5 7 32 23 (2) 1 Washable service apparel 5 9 17 9 - 17 - 17 10 1 and late shifts. W ork pants 39 66 59 19 28 48 23 W ork shirts - 6 13 10 43 16 - - 20 33 39 47 36 10 - 11 2 M e tr o politan areas 5 80 13 38 - 31 29 31 100 10 47 14 N onm et ropolitan areas 95 20 87 62 100 100 69 71 69 - 90 53 86 E stablishm ent size 20 -2 4 9 w orkers 23 19 44 52 36 21 53 54 100 82 34 30 33 250 w ork ers or m ore 77 81 56 48 64 79 47 46 - 18 66 70 67 L abor-m anagem ent contract coverage None or M ajority minority of w orkers of w orkers covered covered 23 97 11 77 42 40 92 29 77 30 43 28 77 3 89 23 58 60 8 71 100 23 70 57 72 Table 3. Earnings D istrib u tio n : A ll Establishments ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in w o r k c l o t h in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , 1 U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y —J u n e 1 9 6 4 ) United States 2 A verage hourly earnings1 Under $1. 2 5 ________________________________________ $1. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $1. 45 and and and and and under under under under under $1. 30 $1. 35 $1. 40 $ 1 .4 5 $1. 50 $1. $1. $1. $1. $1. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $1. $1. $1. $1. $2. $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 and and and and and under under under under under $2. $2. $2. $2. $2. 2. 8 Middle Atlantic 0. 1 Border States 3. 3 Southeast Southwest 2. 3 7 2 5 2 4 20. 10. 10. 7. 4. 5 8 3 4 6 37. 9. 8. 7. 5. 2 5 4 3 7 60_____________________________ 70_____________________________ 80_____________________________ 90_____________________________ 00________________________ __ 9. 2 5. 8 3 .9 2. 6 1. 6 11. 7. 7. 5. 3. 4 4 4 1 0 11. 6. 3. 3. 1. 9 1 2 1 2 8. 5. 3. 1. 1. 10_____________________________ 20_____________________________ 30_____________________________ 40_ 50 . .. . 1. . . . . 3. 2. 1. . . 5 4 2 9 6 1. 1. . . . 0 0 2 5 1 . . . . . 3. 8 43. 1 9. 8 9 .4 7. 7 5. 3 .............. _ ............... 39. 9. 8. 7. 5. 4 8 6 4 2 Great Lakes 2. 4 Middle W est 4. 2 P acific 0. 9 52. 7. 7. 6. 4. 0 9 7 1 8 23. 11. 9. 7. 5. 5 8 0 5 4 28. 7. 7. 8. 6. 5 9 9 0 4 28. 5. 4. 5. 5. 1 1 3 5 2 5 0 5 8 4 6. 3. 2. 1. 1. 4 9 4 7 1 11. 7. 6. 4. 1. 8 4 8 0 8 9. 7. 5. 4. 2. 5 4 3 1 5 10. 12. 6. 5. 4. 5 4 8 3 0 8 4 3 2 1 . . . . . 9 3 4 2 1 3. 1. 1. 1. . 0 3 2 0 3 2. 1. 1. 1. . 5 1 1 0 5 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 5 2 8 5 1 $2. 50 and over______________________________________ . 8 3. 5 .4 .4 . 3 1. 7 2. 1 2. 7 T o ta l__________________________________________ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Number of w ork ers________________________________ W o m e n ___________________________________________ M e n ______________________________________________ 5 7 ,6 6 9 50 ,6 7 1 6 ,9 9 8 2, 185 1 ,8 7 3 312 9 ,6 2 6 8, 344 1, 282 2 2 ,8 9 7 2 0 ,0 3 8 2, 859 1 1 ,2 4 6 10 ,0 4 7 1, 199 3, 959 3, 534 425 4, 844 4, 213 631 2, 322 2 ,1 1 3 209 A verage hourly earnings1 _________________________ W o m e n ___________________________________________ M e n ______________________________________________ $1. 43 1. 40 1. 61 $1. 58 1. 53 1. 89 $1. 42 1. 40 1. 55 $1. 40 1. 38 1. 52 $1. 37 1. 35 1. 53 $1. 51 1. 47 1. 84 $1. 50 1. 45 1. 83 $1. 58 1. 54 2. 03 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. NO TE: Because of rounding, h olid ays, and late shifts. sums of individual item s m ay not equal 100. Table 4. Earnings D istrib u tio n : By M ajor Product ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o r k c lo th in g m a n u f a c t u r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y —J u n e 1 9 6 4 ) O veralls and industrial garm ents Dungarees A verage hourly earnings 1 United States 2 Border States South east South west Middle W est United States 2 Great Lakes Washable service appa rel United States 2 South east and m ajor product, Work pants United States 2 Border State s W ork shirts South east South w est United States 2 South east 4.1 3.3 3.5 4.8 8.7 1.8 4.2 1.6 2.3 2.3 3.1 1.8 3.6 2.7 3.3 40.3 8.1 7.5 6.8 5.5 36.6 9.2 7.8 7.4 6.3 38.8 9.8 8.8 8.2 5.6 54.7 6 .4 6.2 4.7 4.8 27.7 6.0 6.1 6.6 5.2 34.9 9.9 8.8 6.4 4.5 24.8 11.4 7.6 6.1 5.2 34.3 5.5 8.7 8.0 6.1 45.1 4.5 7.0 7.1 5.6 40 .8 10.5 9.3 7.7 5.2 36.8 10.5 9 .4 7.3 4.9 42 .4 11.3 10.4 8.2 5.5 48.1 9.1 9.2 7.6 5.1 42 .3 9.8 8.7 6.8 5.5 44.7 10.6 8.0 6.5 5.1 $1.60 _________________________ $ 1 . 7 0 _____________________________ $ 1 . 8 0 ____________________________ $1.90 -------------------------------- -------$2.00 _______________________ ___ 9.1 5.6 4.0 2.8 1.6 12.0 6.5 3.4 3.0 1.0 8.4 5.2 4.4 2.4 1.9 6.1 3.7 2.4 1.8 1.4 7.4 7.0 6.2 5.2 3.0 10.8 7.0 5.0 3.3 1.5 11.1 7.1 6.6 5.2 1.7 10.2 7.0 6.0 3.4 2.4 9.0 5.8 5.8 2.4 2.0 8.9 5.3 3.2 2.2 1.4 10.9 5.9 3.0 3.3 1.6 8.9 4.7 2.6 1.3 .9 6.5 4.1 2.4 1.7 .9 8.3 5.9 3.6 2.3 1.7 8.1 5.5 3.0 2.1 1.8 $2.10 __ ----------------- -------------$2.20 . ___________ ________„___ $ 2 . 3 0 ____________________________ $2.40 ____________________________ $2.50 ------------------------------------ 1.5 .8 .7 .5 .2 .9 1.1 .2 .6 .1 1.1 .5 .4 .3 .1 1.4 .2 .6 .2 .1 2.7 1.6 1.7 1.5 .5 2.5 1.1 .7 .5 .2 3.7 1.1 1.4 1.4 .3 1.8 1.2 .8 .8 .4 .9 .5 .6 .2 .1 1.0 .6 .4 .3 .2 1.1 .7 .4 .6 .1 .7 .4 .3 .2 .1 .4 .4 .3 .2 .1 1.0 .5 .3 .2 .1 .5 .3 .3 .1 (3) Under $ 1 . 2 5 ........................................................................... $1.25 $1.30 $1.35 $1.40 $1.45 and and and and and under under under under under $1.30 ____________________________ $1.35 ____________________________ $ 1 . 4 0 ___ _____ ____ _________ $ 1 . 4 5 ____________________________ $ 1 . 5 0 ____________________________ $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 and and and and and under under under under under $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 and and and and and under under under under under .9 .5 .6 .4 2.9 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.1 .6 .3 .4 .3 .3 .1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Number of w orkers ________________________ _____ W o m e n _________________________ ____________ M e n ___________________________ _________ ___ 18,645 16, 193 2 ,4 5 2 4, 633 4, 043 590 5 ,4 9 4 4, 697 797 4, 989 4, 368 621 1, 847 1 ,5 8 0 267 6, 222 5, 471 751 1 ,6 1 0 1 ,4 3 4 176 3, 915 3, 467 448 1 ,9 67 1, 732 235 2 2 ,6 9 4 19 ,9 3 2 2, 762 3, 480 2, 976 504 9 ,8 6 2 8, 546 1, 316 5, 292 4, 793 499 5, 211 4, 741 470 3, 206 2, 938 268 A verage hourly earnings 1 _________________ ___ W o m e n _______________________________________ M e n ------------------------------------------------------------ __ $1.43 1.40 1.60 $1.43 1.41 1.56 $1.42 1.39 1.55 $1.37 1.35 1.52 $1.52 1.47 1.85 $1.46 1.43 1.71 $1.51 1.47 1.81 $1.49 1.46 1.73 $1.42 1.41 1.55 $1.41 1.39 1.58 $1.42 1.40 1.53 $1.39 1.37 1.52 $1.37 1.35 1.53 $1.40 1.39 1.53 $1.38 1.38 1.43 $2.50 and o v e r ---------------------------------------------------Total ................. ........................................................ 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 L ess than 0.0 5 percent. N O TE : B ecause of rounding, holidays, sum s of individual item s may not equal 100. and late shifts. T able 5. (N u m b e r an d a v e r a g e C utters, machine (836 men and 20 w om en)________ _________ ___________ F o ld e r s, garment ________________________________ W om e n _____ ___ __ _______ _ ___ __ __ Men __________________________ _ __ Hand (209 women and 4 m e n )__ _ __ --------Machine (18 women and 18 men)_____________ In sp ectors, final (2 ,5 5 8 women and 32 m en)_______________________________________ Janitors__ _ _________ ____ _ M e n ________ _____ __ _ _____ ____ W o m e n _______ __ ________ _______ ____ M ark ers (185 m en and 27 women)_______________ P r e s s e r s , finish, hand (213 women and 23 men)____ __ __ ____ _ ______ P r e s s e r s , finish, m achine__________ __ W om e n ______________ __ _____ ____ _ M e n _____ ______ _ _ _____ __ Repairm en, sewing machine (all men) __ Sew ing-m achine o p e r a to r s ____ _ ________ Women ______ __ ___ _______ __ _ _ _ ____ M e n __________ Dungarees (11, 957 women and 42 men)_____ O ve ralls and industrial garments (4, 095 women and 12 men) W ashable serv ic e apparel (2, 664 women and 3 men) W ork pants (14, 149 women and 62 men)____ W ork shirts (4, 604 w omen and 9 men)______ Other (3, 775 women and 12 m e n ) ___________ Spreaders (484 men and 30 women)_____________ Stock clerk s (209 men and 21 women)_____ Thread trim m e r s (494 women and 35 men)____ U n d e r p re sse r s. hand W omen __ ____ _ __ M e n _____ _ _ U n d erp re ssers, m ac h in e__ __ _ W omen _ _ Men . ... .. .............. Watchmen (all men) __ _ __ __ W ork distributors Men . ---Women 1 2 Middle Atlantic Number Average Number A verage hourly of hourly of w orkers earnings workers earnings B order States Southwest Great; Lakes Middl e W est Pacific A verage hourly earnings $1.98 1.41 1.42 1.33 1.42 1.40 51 - $2 .05 - 166 _ - $1.91 - 254 106 99 7 86 16 $ 1.76 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.43 109 69 54 15 53 16 $1.91 1.34 1.35 1.31 1.34 1.34 92 32 32 _ 28 - $2 .23 1.63 1.63 _ 1.68 - 108 22 22 _ 18 - $ 2 .1 2 1.57 1.57 _ 1.58 - 55 _ _ - $2.51 _ _ - 2, 590 460 348 112 212 1.42 1.33 1.35 1.28 1.81 65 16 14 _ 7 1.53 1.56 1.60 _ 2.05 547 58 37 21 27 1.44 1.30 1.29 1.30 1.71 1, 096 193 145 48 100 1.40 1.29 1.30 1.26 1.63 436 91 65 26 31 1.34 1.29 1.30 1.27 1.68 174 34 25 9 16 1.46 1.40 1.44 1.28 2.32 162 59 55 _ 29 1.54 1.45 1.45 _ 2.34 96 6 _ 1.69 1.57 _ _ _ 236 993 585 408 505 4 1 ,3 8 4 4 1 ,2 4 4 140 11 ,9 9 9 1.50 1.55 1.48 1.64 2.14 1.41 1.41 1.57 1.41 8 50 33 17 16 1, 563 1, 532 31 320 1.33 1.67 1.48 2.04 2.67 1.56 1.55 2.16 1.62 16 176 94 82 91 6, 859 6, 854 3, 089 1.42 1.53 1.52 1.54 2.05 1.41 1.41 _ 1.41 165 437 190 247 220 16 ,6 0 5 1 6 ,5 3 6 69 3, 422 1.51 1.56 1.46 1.63 2.03 1.38 1.38 1.40 1.39 218 174 44 87 8, 057 8, 031 26 3, 338 _ 1.43 1.40 1.56 2.12 1.35 1.35 1.30 1.36 15 49 48 _ 36 2, 824 2, 824 _ 423 1.62 1.50 1.50 _ 2.38 1.48 1.48 _ 1.46 10 52 35 17 45 3 ,4 0 3 3, 398 _ 932 1.73 1.83 1.65 2.20 2.28 1.46 1.46 _ 1.50 _ 11 11 _ 10 1,651 1 ,6 5 0 - _ 1.98 1.98 _ 2.97 1.57 1.57 _ - 4, 107 1.44 371 1.54 598 1.48 1, 340 1.35 134 1.38 911 1.51 615 1.44 - - 2, 667 14,211 4, 613 3 ,7 8 7 514 230 529 192 117 75 215 145 70 92 1, 143 913 230 1.45 1.40 1.39 1.43 1.51 1.49 1.36 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.39 1.36 1.44 1.31 1.36 1.35 1.36 402 390 15 88 6 66 45 21 1.58 1.48 1.81 1.34 1.29 1.40 1.43 1.34 2, 239 514 99 20 36 30 26 57 31 26 11 170 159 11 1.42 1.36 1.48 1.41 1.39 1.35 1.35 1.48 1.46 1.51 1.30 1.32 1.32 1.37 1, 198 6, 529 2, 655 1,4 61 224 75 249 71 39 32 104 73 31 58 493 398 95 1.42 1.37 1.38 1.42 1.47 1.48 1.37 1.39 1.38 1.40 1.34 1.31 1.40 1.32 1.34 1.34 1.37 336 2, 809 784 656 109 39 110 45 41 _ 18 16 _ 15 227 187 40 1.30 1.36 1.33 1.35 1.49 1.40 1.32 1.48 1.45 _ 1.27 1.27 _ 1.27 1.32 1.32 1.30 264 526 333 367 42 40 25 _ _ 16 16 _ _ 71 33 38 1.55 1.44 1.45 1.49 1.62 1.51 1.53 _ _ 1.45 1.45 _ _ 1.43 1.44 1.41 461 709 406 280 21 29 14 7 7 19 8 1.48 1.45 1.49 1.36 1.75 1.67 _ 1.48 1.49 1.46 1.39 1.39 _ 1,0 0 9 _ 261 _ _ _ 16 12 _ _ 1.55 1.64 _ 78 60 18 _ 1.44 1.46 1.37 _ 30 23 _ 1.52 1.54 holidays, and late shifts. Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication c riteria . Southeast Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number hourly hourly of of hourly of of hourly of hourly of w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings workers 856 257 235 22 213 36 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. N O TE : A ll Establishments s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y —J u n e 1 9 6 4 ) United States 2 Occupation and sex O ccu p a tion al Averages: _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ 1.82 1.75 _ _ _ _ T a b l e 6. O c c u p a tio n a l A v e ra g e s: B y L a b o r -M a n a g e m e n t C o n t r a c t C o v e r a g e a n d C o m m u n i t y S ize (Num ber and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in work clothing manufacturing establishm ents by labor-m anagem ent contract coverage and size of community, United States and selected regions, May—June 1964) Sex, occupation, and siz e of community Southeast Border States United States 2 E stablishm ents with— A ll A ll establishm ents establishm ents None or m inority M ajority covered None or minority M ajority covered None or m inority covered covered covered Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number Average Number Average Number Average hourly hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of of w orkers earnings workers earnings workers earnings workers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings workers earnings w orkers earnings A ll establishm ents E stablishm ents with— Establishments with— M ajority covered Women F o ld e rs, g a r m e n t --------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------Nonm etropolitan a r e a s -------In sp ectors, fin a l-----------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s --------------Nonm etropolitan a r e a s -------P r e s s e r s , finish, machine ---------Metropolitan a r e a s -------------Nonm etropolitan a r e a s -------Sew ing-m achine operators 3---------M etropolitan a r e a s --------------Nonmetropolitan a r e a s -------Dungarees ----------------------------------Metropolitan a r e a s -------------Nonm etropolitan a r e a s -------O ve ralls and industrial g a r m e n ts----------------------------------Metropolitan a r e a s -------------Nonmetropolitan a r e a s -------Washable serv ic e a p p a re l-------Metropolitan a r e a s --------------Nonmetropolitan a r e a s -------Work pants ---------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s --------------Nonmetropolitan a r e a s -------Work sh irts---------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------Nonm etropolitan a r e a s -------Thread t r im m e r s ---------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------Nonm etropolitan a r e a s -------U n d e r p re sse r s, m a c h in e --------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------Nonm etropolitan a r e a s -------W ork d istrib u to rs---------------------------Metropolitan a r e a s --------------Nonmetropolitan a r e a s -------- S e e fo o tn o te s a t en d o f ta b le . 235 83 152 2, 558 566 1 ,9 9 2 585 201 384 4 1 ,2 4 4 1 0 ,9 1 5 3 0 ,3 2 9 1 1 ,9 5 7 3 ,0 6 0 8, 897 4, 1, 2, 2, 095 301 794 664 994 1, 670 1 4 ,1 4 9 3, 574 1 0 ,5 7 5 4, 604 938 3, 666 494 183 311 145 33 112 230 90 140 $ 1 .4 2 1. 38 1 .4 4 1 .4 2 1 .4 4 1.41 1 .4 8 1 .4 5 1.4 9 1.41 1 .4 6 1 .3 9 1.41 1 .4 4 1 .4 0 109 41 68 1,0 83 340 743 259 109 150 18 ,0 3 7 6, 380 11 ,657 6, 030 1,891 4, 139 $ 1 .5 2 1 .4 6 1. 55 1 .4 9 1. 51 1 .4 7 1. 57 1 .5 4 1. 60 1 .4 6 1. 52 1 .4 3 1 .4 5 1. 50 1 .4 3 126 42 84 1,4 75 226 1,2 49 326 92 234 23, 207 4 ,5 3 5 1 8 ,672 5, 927 1, 169 4, 758 $ 1. 34 1. 30 1. 36 1. 37 1. 34 1. 38 1 .4 0 1. 36 1 .4 2 1. 37 1. 36 1 .3 7 1. 37 1. 34 1. 38 1 .4 4 1 .5 0 1.41 1 .4 5 1 .5 2 1.41 1 .4 0 1 .4 3 1. 39 1. 39 1.41 1. 38 1 .3 6 1. 31 1. 39 1. 36 1 .3 8 1. 35 1. 36 1. 38 1 .3 6 2, 448 1,2 0 5 1, 243 1, 100 607 493 5, 472 1 ,4 22 4, 050 1, 172 493 679 190 80 110 45 18 27 94 61 33 1 .4 9 1. 51 1 .4 7 1. 50 1. 54 1 .4 4 1 .4 4 1. 52 1.41 1 .4 6 1 .4 8 1 .4 4 1.4 0 1. 34 1 .4 4 1 .4 4 1.41 1 .4 6 1.41 1 .4 2 1.41 1,6 47 96 1,551 1 ,5 6 4 387 1, 177 8, 677 2, 152 6,5 2 5 3 ,4 3 2 445 2 ,9 8 7 304 103 201 100 15 85 136 29 107 1 .3 6 1.41 1. 36 1 .4 2 1 .4 8 1 .4 0 1. 37 1. 37 1. 37 1. 36 1. 33 1. 37 1. 34 1 .2 9 1 .3 7 1. 32 1. 35 1. 32 1. 33 1. 29 1. 34 _ 544 47 497 94 - 80 6, 854 599 6, 255 3, 086 3, 052 _ $ 1 .4 4 1. 33 1 .4 5 1 .5 2 1. 56 1.4 1 1. 35 1 .4 2 1.4 1 - 1.41 598 576 2, 237 518 1, 719 - 1 .4 8 1 .4 9 1 .4 2 1. 36 1 .4 3 - 1 .4 0 1 .4 0 1 .4 6 1 .4 8 1 .3 7 1 .3 7 32 32 31 28 11 10 - 217 217 48 - 40 2, 334 2, 255 1, 320 1, 286 546 467 - 2 2 19 “ 327 47 280 46 40 520 520 000 766 766 $ 1 .4 0 1. 33 1.41 1 .4 2 1.4 5 1. 38 1. 34 1. 38 1. 38 1. 38 99 20 79 1 ,0 7 7 106 971 190 27 163 16, 536 1 ,4 7 0 1 5 ,0 6 6 3, 416 532 2, 884 $ 1. 37 1. 35 1. 37 1. 39 1. 38 1. 39 1 .4 6 1 .4 9 1 .4 5 1. 38 1.44 1. 38 1. 39 1 .4 3 1. 38 34 23 259 201 44 4, 266 3, 227 1 ,4 5 5 955 $ 1. 38 1. 38 1 .4 5 1 .4 7 1. 58 1.4 1 1 .4 0 1 .4 4 1 .4 5 65 56 818 770 146 139 12, 270 1 1 ,8 3 9 1, 961 1 ,9 2 9 $ 1. 36 1. 37 1.3 7 1. 37 1.4 2 1 .4 2 1.3 7 1 .3 7 1.35 1.3 5 1, 691 439 1, 252 32 32 - 1. 39 1. 35 1.4 1 1, 340 1, 267 1, 198 1 ,0 7 9 6, 480 351 6, 129 2, 646 2, 440 218 218 73 70 95 94 1. 35 1. 35 1 .4 2 1 .4 0 1 .3 7 1 .4 4 1 .3 6 1. 38 1 .3 9 1. 38 1. 38 1.31 1. 31 1. 37 1 .3 7 246 1 ,4 8 5 1, 360 453 400 63 63 11 10 1. 38 1. 38 1.37 1. 39 1 .3 8 1. 39 1. 39 1 .4 2 1 .4 4 1 ,0 9 4 1, 074 1, 079 1, 079 4, 995 4, 769 2, 193 2, 040 155 155 73 70 84 84 1. 34 1. 34 1.4 0 1.4 0 1. 37 1. 36 1. 38 1. 39 1. 37 1 .3 7 1.31 1.31 1 .3 6 1 .3 6 - _ $ 1. 50 1. 50 1. 61 1. 68 1 .4 8 1 .4 8 1 .4 5 1 .4 6 1 .4 8 1 .4 9 1 .4 8 1.5 1 ” 4, 4, 1, 1, - 1 .4 0 1 .4 0 " Table 6. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Community Size--- Continued (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e st r a ig h t- tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s 1 of w o r k e r s in s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in w ork cloth in g m a n u fa c tu rin g e s ta b lish m e n ts by la b o r- m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c t c o v e r a g e and s i z e o f co m m u n ity , U nited S ta te s and s e le c te d r e g io n s , M a y - Ju n e 1964) Southwest Sex, occupation, and s ize of com m unity Great Lakes M iddle West P a cific Establishments A ll A lll A ll with— establishm ents establishm ents M ajority covered None or m in ority establishm ents M ajority covered covered Number Average Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A vera ge Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number Average hourly of hourly hourly of of of hourly hourly hourly of hourly of hourly of of of hourly w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w ork ers earnings w orkers earnings w ork ers earnings w ork ers earnings w ork ers earnings w orkers earnings Establishm ents with— M ajority covered Establishm ents with— A ll establishm ents Establishm ents with— M ajority covered Women F o ld e r s , garm ent--------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------In sp ectors, fin a l---------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------P r e s s e r s , finish, m ach in e-----------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------Sew in g-m achine op erators 3----------M etropolitan a r e a s --------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------D ungarees----------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------O vera lls and industrial g a r m e n ts --------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------W ashable s e r v ic e a p p a r e l-------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------W ork pants -------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------W ork s h ir ts -------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------Thread t r im m e r s --------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------U n d e r p r e s s e rs , m a c h in e -------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------W ork d is trib u to r s--------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------S e e f o o t n o t e s a t en d o f t a b l e . 54 24 30 436 157 279 174 89 85 8, 031 3, 540 4, 491 3, 324 1,420 1,904 $ 1. 35 1. 29 1.41 1. 34 1. 34 1. 34 1.40 1. 36 1.45 1. 35 1.33 1. 37 1.36 1. 33 1. 38 134 336 188 2, 803 1, 390 1,413 784 317 467 110 77 1. 38 1. 30 1. 34 1.36 1. 35 1. 37 1. 33 1. 32 1. 34 1.32 1. 27 1.44 1. 27 1. 34 1. 30 1. 30 1. 26 33 16 12 40 33 7 _ 190 154 70 58 297 724 531 136 _ $ 1 .3 7 1. 37 1.44 _ 1.45 1. 37 1. 37 1. 37 1. 36 1, 228 1, 154 - 1. 36 1. 37 - 3, 2, 1, 1, “ _ 36 22 14 246 121 125 104 77 27 734 967 767 793 025 768 $ 1. 30 1.29 1. 32 1. 32 1. 33 1. 30 1. 37 1. 35 1.43 1. 34 1. 32 1. 37 1. 35 1. 30 1.41 32 19 174 73 101 48 _ 37 2, 824 1, 331 1,493 423 302 $ 1. 63 1.49 1.46 1.49 1.44 1. 50 _ 1. 52 1.48 1. 54 1.43 1.46 1.46 28 15 119 69 50 30 _ 1, 942 1, 163 779 235 _ $ 1. 68 1.54 _ 1.46 1.50 1.42 1. 62 1. 51 1. 55 1.46 1.44 _ 22 7 15 162 60 102 35 16 19 3, 398 887 2, 511 932 625 $ 1 .5 7 1.48 1. 61 1. 54 1. 59 1. 51 1. 65 1. 69 1. 61 1.46 1. 55 1.43 1. 50 1.43 22 7 15 139 60 79 25 16 9 3, 027 868 2, 159 825 518 $ 1. 57 1.48 1.61 1.57 1. 59 1. 55 1. 75 1. 69 1. 86 1.48 1.56 1.45 1. 52 1.45 _ 96 56 _ 11 11 _ 1, 650 1, 287 _ _ _ $1. 69 1. 69 _ 1.98 1.98 _ 1.57 1. 59 _ _ . _ _ 96 56 11 11 1, 603 1, 240 _ _ - _ $ 1. 69 1. 69 1.98 1.98 1. 58 1. 60 _ _ 246 1, 575 1,316 714 292 422 82 77 14 12 32 29 1. 28 1.36 1. 35 1. 33 1. 32 1. 33 1. 27 1. 27 1. 28 1. 34 1. 29 1.29 911 519 392 264 526 389 333 25 16 38 23 1.51 1. 54 1.47 1. 55 1.44 1.41 1.45 1.53 - 713 487 416 - 1. 53 1.56 1.48 - 615 460 461 397 705 143 562 406 207 - 1.44 _ 1.42 1.48 1.47 1.45 1.58 1.42 1.49 1.54 - 537 382 461 397 568 143 425 376 177 - 1.44 1.42 1.48 1.47 1.49 1. 58 1.46 1. 51 1. 57 - _ 1,008 645 - _ _ _ 1. 55 1.57 _ - _ _ 961 598 _ _ _ 1.56 1. 59 _ _ - 4, 2, 1, 1, 1, " “ " - 1.45 1.41 1.48 ■ - 12 26 23 " - 1.43 1.49 1.48 ~ - 8 18 - 14 - 1. 39 1.37 - 1. 38 - 8 15 - 11 - 1. 39 1. 38 - 1. 38 - - - - - - - - - " " - “ Table 6. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Community Size--- Continued ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k c lo t h in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e an d s i z e o f c o m m u n ity , U n ite d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y —Ju n e 1 9 6 4 ) United States 2 Sex, occupation, and s ize of com m unity B order States Establishm ents wit] Establishm ents with— Establishm ents with— A ll None or m in ority establishm ents None or m inority M ajority covered N one o r m in o rity M ajority covered covered co v e re d covered Num ber A verage Number Average Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage N u m b e r A verage N u m b er A verage Number A verage Number Average hourly of of hourly of hourly hourly hourly of hourly of hourly hourly of of of of hourly w ork ers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w ork ers earnings w o rk e rs earnings w o rk e rs earnings w ork ers earnings w ork ers earnings A ll establishm ents A ll establishm ents M ajority covered Men C utters, m a c h in e ------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -----------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----J a n itors ----------------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -----------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----M a r k e r s ---------------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -----------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----P r e s s e r s , finish, m ach in e--------M etropolitan a r e a s -----------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----R epairm en, sewing m ach in e------M etropolitan a r e a s -----------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----S p r e a d e r s ------------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -----------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----Stock clerk s ---------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -----------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----Work d is trib u to r s ------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -----------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -----S e e f o o t n o t e s a t en d o f t a b l e . 836 300 536 348 89 259 185 52 133 408 70 338 505 116 389 484 150 334 209 102 107 913 215 698 $1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 99 14 90 35 44 32 85 10 75 64 71 63 14 36 07 50 49 51 50 49 52 35 37 35 445 217 228 164 56 108 82 34 48 129 28 101 $2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2 06 2. 72 134 145 62 83 124 83 41 416 119 297 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 10 20 00 42 54 37 10 29 97 77 97 71 28 53 14 62 63 61 54 53 57 40 42 39 391 83 308 184 33 151 103 18 85 279 42 237 299 44 255 339 88 251 85 19 66 497 96 401 86 96 83 28 27 29 65 75 63 59 54 59 04 09 03 45 1 . 38 1. 47 1. 45 1. 32 1 . 48 1. 32 1 . 31 1. 32 $1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 1. 165 1.91 83 1.95 82 $ 1 .8 7 1.89 1. 29 77 10 1.94 1. 35 69 27 1.83 1. 27 1. 30 1. 72 9 - 1. 36 - 25 19 1. 27 1. 64 19 79 1. 64 1. 54 - 146 37 _ 34 23 _ 21 82 1. 68 1. 54 - 70 91 I _ - - I _ 1. 55 2. 05 36 2. 04 67 55 1. 56 2. 06 2. 05 1.48 32 28 2. 02 1. 53 53 70 2 . 06 1.51 1.42 25 7 1.55 1. 38 52 11 1.49 1.44 1.42 1. 32 66 1.32 93 1.44 1. 32 1. 32 60 1.33 88 1. 32 - 85 98 1.46 _ 77 18 _ 15 159 I 11 _ 148 247 33 214 145 12 133 82 7 75 247 20 227 220 21 199 212 24 188 65 58 398 43 355 $ 1 .7 7 1. 75 1. 77 1. 30 1. 28 1. 30 1. 67 1. 78 1. 66 1. 63 1. 60 1. 63 2. 03 2. 23 2. 01 1.46 1.42 1.46 1.50 1. 1. 1. 1. 52 34 33 34 57 1.98 190 1. 71 34 35 2. 08 1.36 180 110 1. 72 1. 28 29 21 1. 37 1.81 104 61 1. 29 1. 62 17 77 1. 79 1. 62 58 170 1. 62 1. 63 62 54 1. 67 2. 18 165 166 1. 62 1. 98 40 43 2. 10 1.53 159 169 1.98 1.44 28 19 1.56 1. 51 160 46 1.45 1.49 12 109 1.61 1.39 46 289 1.49 1.32 88 1.40 267 1. 32 Table 6. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Community Size--- Continued (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t- tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s 1 of w o r k e r s in se le c te d o c c u p a tio n s in w o rk clo th in g m a n u fa c tu rin g e s ta b lis h m e n ts by la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c t c o v e r a g e and s i z e of co m m u n ity , U nited S ta te s and s e le c te d r e g io n s , M ay— n e 1964) 1 Ju 3 2 Southwest Sex, occupation, and s ize of com m unity Great Lakes Middlie West Establishm ents with— M ajority covered P a cific Establishm ents with— M ajority covered Establishments A ll A ll A ll with— establishm ents establishm ents None o r m in ority establishm ents M ajority covered M ajority covered covered Number Average Number Average Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Num ber A verage .Number A verage Number A verage Number Average hourly of of hourly hourly of hourly of of hourly hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w ork ers earnings w ork ers earnings w ork ers earnings w ork ers earnings w orkers earnings w ork ers earnings w orkers earnings Establishm ents with— All establishm ents Men C utters, m a c h in e --------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------J a n itors-------------------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s --------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------M a r k e r s -----------------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s --------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------P r e s s e r s , finish, m achine-----------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------R epairm en, sewing m ach in e--------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------S p r e a d e r s ---------------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------Stock c l e r k s -----------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------Work d is trib u to r s--------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s -------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s -------- 105 54 51 65 23 42 31 13 18 44 17 27 87 39 48 100 59 41 37 19 18 187 70 117 $ 1 .9 2 1. 94 1.90 1. 30 1. 28 1. 32 1. 68 1. 50 1.82 1.56 1.46 1. 62 2. 12 2. 16 2. 10 1.47 1.42 1. 54 1.41 1. 35 1.48 1.32 1. 29 1. 34 39 - 22 32 - 29 13 - 12 25 - 25 35 - 25 13 - 10 14 - 10 93 - 83 $ 1. 87 1.80 1. 34 - 1. 34 1.95 - 1.93 1. 65 _ 1.65 2. 31 2. 28 1. 62 - 1. 56 1.53 - 1.56 1. 34 - 1. 35 66 37 29 33 20 13 18 12 - 19 17 52 29 23 87 56 31 23 15 8 94 60 34 $ 1.95 1.93 1.97 1. 27 1. 27 1. 27 1.49 1.45 - 1.44 1.46 - 2. 00 2. 08 1. 89 1.45 1.40 1. 54 1. 34 1. 32 1. 37 1. 31 1. 30 1. 32 88 53 35 25 15 10 16 8 8 - D a s h e s i n d i c a t e n o d a t a r e p o r t e d o r d a t a th a t do n o t m e e t p u b li c a t io n c r i t e r i a . - _ _ - - 36 12 24 38 26 12 34 24 10 33 11 22 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w o rk on w ee k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s . 2 In c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in ad d itio n to th o se show n se p a r a te ly . 3 In clu d e s d a ta fo r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t io n s in addition to th o se show n s e p a r a te ly . N OTE: $2. 24 2. 14 2. 39 1.44 1.51 1. 34 2. 32 2. 58 2. 05 2. 38 2. 42 2. 35 1. 62 1. 60 1. 67 1.53 1. 52 1. 56 1.44 1.48 1.42 49 39 10 20 13 - 13 _ 7 _ 19 10 9 35 26 9 33 24 9 29 11 18 $2. 06 2. 08 1.99 1.45 1. 54 _ 2. 16 _ 2. 10 _ _ _ 2. 28 2. 41 2. 14 1. 61 1. 60 1. 65 1. 51 1. 52 1.47 1.44 1.48 1.41 104 36 68 55 18 37 28 17 11 17 _ 13 45 13 32 21 _ 16 28 _ _ 60 12 48 $2. 13 2. 27 2. 05 1.45 1. 59 1. 38 2. 37 2. 46 2. 22 2. 20 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 04 28 44 22 75 - 1. 81 1. 66 _ _ 1.46 1.46 1.46 98 35 63 49 18 31 27 17 10 14 _ 10 39 12 27 16 _ 11 28 _ - 52 12 40 $2. 15 2. 26 2. 09 1.47 1.59 1.40 2. 36 2. 46 2. 21 2. 41 _ 2. 27 2. 28 2. 45 2. 21 1.81 _ 1.92 1. 66 _ _ 1.48 1.46 1.49 55 41 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 17 $2. 51 2. 69 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. 97 3. 01 _ . _ _ _ 53 39 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 10 9 . _ _ . _ _ _ . . 1.54 1.57 " 23 17 $2. 54 2. 74 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2. 97 3. 01 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1. 54 1.57 " Table 7. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Establishment Size ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 of w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c lo th in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e a n d s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t , U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y —J u n e 1 9 6 4 ) U n ited S t a t e s 2 S e x, occu pation, and s i z e of e s ta b lish m e n t Sou th east B o rd e r States E stab lish m A ll A ll None o r m in o rity establish m en ts establish m en ts None o r m in o rity M ajo rity co v ered M ajo rity c o v e re d covered covered N um ber A verage Num ber A verage Num ber A verage N um ber A verage N um ber A verage N um ber A verage N um ber A verage Num ber A verage h ourly of hourly h ourly hourly of h ourly of h ourly of of hourly of hourly of of w o r k e rs earn in gs w o rk e rs earn in gs w o rk e rs earn in g s w o rk e rs e arn in g s w o rk e rs earn in g s w o r k e rs earn in g s w o r k e rs e arn in g s w o r k e rs earn in g s A ll establish m en ts E s t a b l i s h m e n t s with E s t a b l i s h m e n t s with — M ajo rity c o v ere d e n t s with None o r m in o rity covered N um ber A verage hourly of w o r k e rs earn in gs W om en F o l d e r s , g a r m e n t ------------------------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s ------------------2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e -------I n s p e c t o r s , f i n a l ----------------------------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s ------------------2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ______ P r e s s e r s , f i n i s h , m a c h i n e ---------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s _______________ 2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e --------S e w i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 3 ------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s ------------------2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e --------D u n g a r e e s ----------------------------------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s ______________ 2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ______ O v e r a lls and in d u stria l g a r m e n t s ---------------------------------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s ------------------2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ______ W a s h a b l e s e r v i c e a p p a r e l -----2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s ______________ 2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ______ W o r k p a n t s --------------------------------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s ------------------2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e --------W o r k s h i r t s ________________________ 2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s ______________ 2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ______ T h r e a d t r i m m e r s ____________________ 2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s ______________ 2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e --------U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h i n e ___________ 2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s ______________ 2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e --------W o r k d i s t r i b u t o r s ____________________ 2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s _______________ 2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e --------- S e e fo o tn o te s a t end o f ta b le . 235 1 17 118 2, 558 1, 1 8 6 1, 3 7 2 585 256 329 41, 244 18, 115 2 3 , 129 11,957 4, 821 7 , 136 $ 1.42 1. 3 6 1.48 1.42 1. 3 9 1.45 1.48 1.42 1. 5 2 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 109 32 77 1, 0 8 3 342 741 259 64 195 18,037 6 , 19 1 11,846 6, 030 1,656 4, 374 $ 1. 5 2 1. 5 4 1. 51 1.49 1.47 1.49 1. 57 1. 6 0 1. 5 6 1.46 1.48 1.45 1.45 1.47 1.45 126 85 41 1,475 844 631 326 192 134 23,207 11,924 11,283 5,927 3, 1 6 5 2,762 $ 1. 3 4 1. 3 0 1.42 1. 3 7 1. 3 5 1.4 0 1.4 0 1. 3 6 1.45 1. 3 7 1. 3 7 1. 3 7 1. 37 1. 3 8 1. 3 6 4, 095 2,910 1, 1 8 5 2, 664 1, 5 5 7 1, 1 0 7 14, 149 5, 049 9, 100 4, 604 2, 208 2, 396 494 241 253 145 68 77 230 150 80 1.44 1.43 1.46 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.40 1. 3 7 1.41 1. 39 1. 3 8 1. 3 9 1. 3 6 1. 3 2 1.40 1. 3 6 1. 35 1. 3 6 1. 3 6 1. 35 1.40 2, 4 4 8 1,454 994 1, 1 0 0 827 273 5,472 1,275 4 , 197 1, 1 7 2 248 924 190 86 104 45 22 23 94 61 33 1.49 1.49 1.49 1. 5 0 1. 5 0 1.48 1.44 1.42 1.45 1.46 1. 5 4 1.43 1.40 1. 3 3 1.45 1.44 1.46 1.42 1.41 1.41 1.41 1,647 1,456 _ 1,564 730 _ 8,677 3,774 4 ,903 3,432 1,960 1,472 304 155 149 100 46 54 136 89 47 1. 3 6 1. 37 _ 1.42 1. 3 9 _ 1. 3 7 1. 3 6 1. 3 8 1. 3 6 1. 3 6 1. 37 1. 3 4 1. 3 2 1. 3 6 1. 3 2 1. 3 0 1. 3 4 1. 3 3 1. 3 0 1. 3 9 _ _ 544 236 308 94 57 37 6,854 2, 725 4 , 129 3, 0 8 6 1, 1 9 8 1,888 . _ $ 1.44 1.41 1.47 1.52 1. 5 3 1. 5 0 1.41 1.40 1.42 1.41 1.44 1.4 0 . 217 91 126 48 . . 2, 334 876 1,458 1, 3 2 0 747 573 598 235 . _ . _ 2, 237 668 1, 5 6 9 _ 1.48 1. 3 6 . . _ _ 1.42 1. 3 9 1.43 _ 427 _ _ . . _ 546 _ _ _ 32 16 _ 31 1.40 1. 3 7 _ 1.46 22 11 10 1.44 1. 3 7 1. 3 6 _ _ _ - _ _ . - _ _ $ 1. 5 0 1.49 1.50 1.61 _ _ 1.48 1.45 1.49 1.45 1.45 1.45 _ _ 327 145 182 46 27 19 4, 520 1 ,849 2, 671 1,766 451 1, 3 1 5 . _ $ 1.40 1. 3 6 1.4 4 1.42 1.42 1.43 1. 3 8 1. 3 7 1. 3 8 1. 3 8 1.43 1. 3 7 1. 5 4 . _ _ _ 1.48 . _ _ _ . . _ _ _ 1,691 561 1, 1 3 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1. 3 9 1. 3 8 1 .40 _ _ _ 22 . _ 1.48 32 16 _ _ 1.4 0 1. 3 7 _ . 13 1.46 _ . _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ . . - _ . . _ _ _ - . - . . . _ - 99 38 61 1,077 451 626 190 74 116 16,536 5, 6 6 7 10,869 3, 4 1 6 1, 1 8 7 2, 2 2 9 $ 1. 37 1. 3 0 1.41 1. 3 9 1. 3 5 1.42 1.46 1. 3 7 1.51 1. 3 8 1. 3 6 1. 3 9 1. 3 9 1. 3 4 1.42 34 23 259 _ 230 44 _ 44 4, 266 _ 3, 8 5 6 1 ,455 _ 1,404 $ 1. 3 8 . 1.40 1.45 _ 1.47 1. 5 8 . 1. 5 8 1.41 _ 1.42 1.44 _ 1.44 1, 3 4 0 956 384 1, 1 9 8 317 881 6,480 2, 08 2 4, 398 2, 646 892 1, 7 5 4 218 62 156 73 35 38 95 49 46 1. 35 1. 3 5 1. 3 5 1.42 1. 2 7 1.47 1. 37 1. 3 6 1. 3 7 1. 3 8 1.41 1. 3 7 1. 3 8 1. 3 5 1. 3 9 1. 31 1. 3 0 1. 3 2 1. 3 7 1. 3 2 1.42 246 _ . _ _ _ 1,485 _ 1, 2 0 3 453 1. _ _ . _ _ 1. _ 1. 1. _ 38 38 39 39 _ 453 63 _ _ _ 1. 3 9 1. 3 9 _ _ _ 11 1.42 11 1.42 _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 27 38 818 422 396 146 74 72 12, 2 7 0 5, 2 5 7 7, 013 1,961 1, 1 3 6 825 $ 1. 3 6 1. 3 0 1.41 1. 37 1. 3 6 1. 38 1.42 1. 37 1.48 1. 37 1. 3 6 1. 38 1. 3 5 1. 3 4 1. 37 1, 0 9 4 903 _ 1, 0 7 9 317 . 4, 995 1,800 3, 195 2 , 193 892 1, 3 0 1 155 52 103 73 35 38 84 49 35 1. 3 4 1. 3 4 _ 1.40 1. 2 7 _ 1. 37 1. 37 1. 37 1. 38 1.41 1. 3 6 1. 37 1. 35 1. 38 1. 31 1. 3 0 1. 32 1. 36 1. 32 1.42 Table 7. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Establishment Size--- Continued ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k c lo th in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s by l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e a n d s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t , U n ite d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y — n e 1 9 6 4 ) Ju South w e st Sex, occupation, and size of establishm ent G reat Lakes M iddle: W est E stab lish m en ts w i t h ---- Pacific E stab lish m en ts w i t h ---- E stab lish m en ts A ll A ll A ll with— establish m en ts None or m in o rity establish m en ts establish m en ts M ajo rity co v ere d M ajo rity c o v ere d M ajo rity c o v ere d covered N um ber A verage N um ber A verage N um ber A verage N um ber A verage N um ber A verage N um ber A verage N um ber A verage N um ber A verage Num ber A verage of hou rly of hourly of of hourly hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s wo r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s A ll e stablishm ents E s t a b l i s h m e n t s with M ajo rity co v ered Women F o ld e r s , garm ent--------------------------20-249 w ork ers -------------------250 w ork ers or m o r e ----------In sp ectors, f in a l---------------------------20-249 w o r k e r s --------------------250 w ork ers or m o r e ----------P r e s s e r s , finish, m achine-----------20-249 w o r k e r s --------------------250 w ork ers or m o r e ----------Sew ing-m achine op era tors 3 --------20-249 w ork ers ------------------250 w ork ers or m ore-----------D ungarees----------------------------------20-249 w o r k e r s --------------------250 w ork ers or m o r e ----------O vera lls and industrial g a r m e n ts --------------------------------20-249 w ork ers -------------------250 w ork ers or m o r e ----------W ashable s e r v ic e a p p a r e l-------20-249 w o r k e r s --------------------250 w ork ers or m o r e ----------W ork pants--------------------------------20-249 w o r k e r s --------------------250 w ork ers or m o r e ----------W ork s h ir ts -------------------------------20-249 w o r k e r s --------------------250 w ork ers or m o r e ----------Thread t r im m e r s --------------------------20-249 w ork ers -------------------250 w ork ers or m o r e ----------U n d erp ressers, m a c h in e -------------20-249 w ork ers -------------------250 w ork ers or m o r e ----------W ork d istribu tors -------------------------20-249 w o r k e r s --------------------250 w ork ers or m o r e ----------S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f t a b le . 54 33 $ 1 . 35 1. 2 8 436 203 233 174 61 113 031 411 620 324 171 153 1. 34 1. 31 1. 3 6 1 .40 1. 3 4 1.44 1. 3 5 1. 3 4 1. 36 1. 36 1. 3 7 1. 3 5 134 1. 3 8 336 174 1. 3 0 1. 2 9 - - 2, 8 0 3 1, 2 7 3 1, 5 3 0 784 543 24 1 110 1. 3 6 1. 3 4 1. 38 1. 3 3 1. 31 1.40 1. 3 2 1, 2 2 8 952 8, 3, 4, 3, 1, 2, 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 190 - 180 70 70 3, 2 9 7 - 3, 0 2 1 1, 5 3 1 - 1, 5 3 1 37 27 18 34 30 27 32 36 33 $ 1 . 37 - 1. 37 1.44 _ 1. 4 4 1. 3 7 - 1. 38 1. 37 1. 37 _ _ - - 58 16 7 9 40 20 20 - _ 32 10 $ 1 . 63 1. 5 7 28 246 193 53 104 61 43 734 135 599 793 171 1. 3 2 1 . 31 1. 34 1. 3 7 1. 3 4 1.43 1. 3 4 1. 3 4 1. 3 4 1. 3 5 1. 3 7 174 126 48 48 _ 1.4 6 1.48 1.43 1. 50 _ 29 2, 8 2 4 1,974 850 423 423 1.6 3 1.48 1.4 9 1.48 1 .46 1 .46 119 _ _ 30 _ _ 1,942 _ 235 _ - _ ~ _ 4, 3, 1, 1, 1, $ 1 . 30 1. 2 8 - _ _ - 1. 3 6 1. 38 _ _ - _ _ _ - - _ " - 911 685 1. 51 1. 5 3 246 174 1. 2 8 1. 29 264 264 1. 55 1. 5 5 1, 5 7 5 997 1. 3 6 1. 3 5 526 245 1.44 1. 4 2 _ 1. 4 5 _ _ 1. 5 3 - 714 543 _ 82 “ _ _ _ - 14 7 _ 32 20 - 1. 3 3 1. 31 _ 1. 2 7 I 1. 2 8 1 . 18 _ 1. 2 9 1. 2 7 - - 333 _ _ 25 " 713 - 416 _ _ _ _ _ - $1.68 22 12 $ 1 . 57 1. 6 2 22 12 $ 1 . 57 1. 6 2 1 .46 _ 1. 6 2 _ _ 162 108 54 35 29 _ 1. 5 4 1.46 1.68 1.65 1. 5 5 139 85 54 25 19 1. 5 7 1. 4 9 1.6 8 1.7 5 1.64 1. 51 _ 1.44 _ 3, 3 9 8 2, 2 8 9 1, 1 0 9 932 367 565 46 43 54 50 39 57 3, 0 2 7 1,918 1, 1 0 9 825 260 565 1.48 1.44 1. 5 4 1. 5 2 1.41 1. 5 7 - 615 489 1.44 1.41 537 411 1.4 4 1. 4 1 - 461 397 1.48 1. 4 7 461 397 1. 4 8 1. 4 7 1.48 _ _ _ _ 705 532 _ 406 233 _ 1.45 1. 4 4 _ 568 395 _ 376 203 1. 4 9 1. 4 9 _ 1. 51 1. 5 3 _ 1, 0 0 8 1. 5 5 _ 96 1 1. 5 6 943 _ 1. 5 6 _ 943 1. 5 6 - 1. 5 3 - - _ 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.49 1. 51 _ - _ _ - - _ 38 35 " - - - $1.6 9 _ 96 $ 1 .69 88 11 1. 7 1 1.98 _ 88 11 1. 71 1.98 1. 5 7 1, 6 0 3 1. 5 8 _ 1. 5 5 1, 3 4 6 1.55 _ _ 1, 6 5 0 _ 1, 3 4 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - " ' - - - - _ “ _ 1.4 5 1.48 _ 1. 41 1.41 12 _ _ 26 _ - 1. 4 3 _ _ 8 7 _ _ 18 15 - " 1 .49 1. 39 1. 41 8 7 1. 3 9 1.41 1. 3 7 1. 3 8 15 12 1. 3 8 1. 3 9 _ _ _ - - - - - I I 16 9 96 " - " _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ - _ Table 7. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Establishment Size--- Continued to o ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s i n w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e a n d s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t , U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y —J u n e 1 9 6 4 ) Sex, occupation, and siz e of establishm ent A ll establishm ents Southeast Border States United States 2 Establishments with— E stablishm ents with A ll establishm ents E stablishm ents with— A ll establishm ents None or m inority None or m inority M ajority covered None or m inority M ajority covered covered covered covered Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number Average hourly hourly hourly of hourly of of hourly hourly of hourly hourly of hourly of of of of w orkers earnings workers earnings workers earnings workers earnings w orkers earnings workers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings M ajority covered Men C utters, m a c h in e ---------------------------2 0 -2 4 9 w o rk ers--------------------250 w orkers or m o r e ---------J anitors---------------------------------------------2 0 -2 4 9 w o rk ers-------------250 w orkers or m o r e ---------M a r k e r s --------------------------------------------2 0 -2 4 9 w o rk ers--------------------250 w orkers or m o r e ---------P r e s s e r s , finish, m a c h i n e ---------2 0 -2 4 9 w o rk ers--------------------250 w orkers or m o r e ---------Repairm en, sewing m achine--------2 0 -2 4 9 w o rk ers--------------------250 w orkers or m o r e ---------S p r e a d e r s -----------------------------------------2 0 -2 4 9 w o rk ers--------------------250 w orkers or m o r e ---------Stock c l e r k s -------------------------------------2 0 -2 4 9 w o rk ers--------------------250 w orkers or m o r e ---------W ork d istrib u to rs---------------------------2 0 -2 4 9 w o rk ers--------------------250 w orkers or m o r e ---------- S e e fo o tn o te s a t end o f t a b le . 836 461 375 348 154 194 185 76 109 408 157 251 505 231 274 484 254 230 209 113 96 913 371 542 $ 1.9 9 1 .9 5 2. 03 1. 35 1. 35 1. 35 1.8 5 1.81 18 .8 1. 64 1. 59 . 68 2. 14 2. 14 2. 13 1 .5 0 1 .4 6 1. 55 1 .5 0 1. 49 1. 52 1. 35 1.3 5 1. 35 1 445 226 219 164 65 99 82 19 63 129 43 8 6 26 0 6 8 138 145 54 91 124 70 54 416 124 22 9 $ 2 . 10 . 06 2. 14 1 .4 2 1 .4 6 1 .4 0 . 10 . 18 . 08 1. 77 1. 89 1. 71 . 28 2. 32 . 26 . 62 . 66 . 60 1. 54 1. 53 1. 56 1 .4 0 1 .4 2 1. 38 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 391 235 156 184 89 95 103 57 46 279 114 165 299 163 136 339 20 0 139 85 43 42 497 247 250 $ 1 .8 6 1. 85 1. 87 . 28 . 28 1. 29 1. 65 1. 69 . 60 1. 59 1 .4 7 . 66 2. 04 . 06 . 00 1 .4 5 1 .4 0 1. 52 1 .4 5 1. 42 1 .4 7 1. 32 1. 32 1. 32 1 1 1 1 2 2 165 90 75 37 13 24 23 1 1 1 2 82 40 _ 91 41 50 98 50 48 18 12 6 159 65 94 $ 1 .9 1 . 81 2. 03 1. 29 . 28 1. 30 1. 72 . 68 1. 75 1. 54 1.51 2. 05 . 21 1 1 1 2 12 .9 1 .4 8 1. 40 1. 57 1 .4 2 1 .4 3 1 .4 0 1. 32 1. 34 1.3 1 1 0 $ 1 .9 5 1 .8 2 . 08 1. 35 - - - - 83 43 40 36 17 19 28 9 19 7 66 31 35 2 - _ 2. 04 . 20 1 .9 0 1 .5 3 1 .4 2 1 .5 8 1. 38 1. 32 1. 36 1. 29 2 82 47 35 27 7 2 0 19 9 1 0 79 38 - 55 24 31 70 41 29 11 7 93 34 59 $ 1 .8 7 1. 79 .9 8 1 .2 7 1. 27 1 .2 7 1. 64 1. 59 1. 69 1 .5 4 1. 52 . 06 . 21 1 .9 3 1 .4 6 1. 39 1. 55 1 .4 4 1 .4 8 1. 32 1. 31 1. 32 1 2 2 247 90 157 145 48 97 82 33 49 247 67 180 20 2 79 141 22 1 92 10 2 65 14 51 398 150 248 $ 1. 77 1. 65 1. 84 1. 30 1. 27 1 .3 2 1. 67 . 62 1. 70 1. 63 1 .4 6 1. 69 2. 03 1 .9 7 . 06 1 .4 6 1. 39 1. 52 1 .5 0 1 .4 5 1.5 1 1 .3 4 1 .3 2 1. 35 1 2 57 54 35 - 33 2 1 2 1 77 64 54 48 43 41 19 18 109 97 $ 1 .9 8 1 .9 9 1. 36 - 1 .3 6 1.8 1 - 1 81 . 1 62 . 1 68 . 2 18 . 2 20 . 1 .5 3 1 .5 4 1.51 1 .5 2 1. 39 1 .4 0 10 9 87 103 10 1 46 64 61 33 28 170 54 116 166 73 93 169 90 79 46 13 33 289 138 151 $ 1. 71 1. 65 1. 76 . 28 1 .2 7 1. 29 . 62 . 62 . 61 1. 63 1 .4 9 1. 70 1 1 1 1 18 .9 16 .9 1 .9 9 1 .4 4 1. 39 1. 50 1 .4 9 1 .4 6 1.51 1. 32 1. 32 1. 32 Table 7. Occupational Averages: By Labor-Management Contract Coverage and Establishment Size--- Continued ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o th in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e a n d s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t , U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y —J u n e 1 9 6 4 ) G reat Lakes Sou th w est Se x, o ccu p atio n , and siz e of estab lish m e n t P acific M iddle W est E stab lish m en ts A ll A ll with— establish m en ts establish m en ts None o r m in o rity M ajo rity co v ered M ajo rity c o v ered M ajo rity co v ered M ajo rity co v ered covered N um ber A verage N um ber A verage N um ber A verage N um ber A verage N um ber A verage N um ber A verage N umb er A verage N um ber A verage N um ber A verage h ourly hourly of of hourly h ourly of hourly of hourly of of of hourly of h ourly hourly of w o r k e rs earn in g s w o r k e rs earn in gs w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s earn in g s w o r k e rs e a r n in g s w o r k e r s earn in gs w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s earn in gs w o r k e rs earn in gs A ll establish m ents E stab lish m en ts w ith— E stab lish m en ts with— E s t a b li s h m e n t s w ith— A ll establish m en ts M en C u t t e r s , m a c h i n e --------------------------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s --------------------2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ---------J a n i t o r s ---------------------------------------------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s ---------------------2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ---------M a r k e r s ------------------------------------------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s --------------------2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ---------P r e s s e r s , f i n i s h , m a c h i n e ----------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s --------------------2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ---------R e p a i r m e n , s e w i n g m a c h i n e --------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s --------------------2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ---------S p r e a d e r s ----------------------------------------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s --------------------2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ---------S t o c k c l e r k s ------------------------------------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s --------------------2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ---------W o r k d i s t r i b u t o r s --------------------------2 0 - 2 4 9 w o r k e r s --------------------2 5 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ----------- 105 52 53 65 26 39 31 12 19 44 19 25 87 42 45 100 56 44 37 18 19 187 54 133 $ 1 .9 2 1.82 2. 01 1.30 1. 2 6 1. 3 3 1. 6 8 1. 5 8 1. 7 5 1. 5 6 1. 3 7 1. 7 0 2 . 12 1.91 2. 32 1.47 1.40 1. 5 6 1.41 1. 3 4 1.48 1.32 1. 3 0 1. 3 3 39 _ 35 32 _ 28 13 11 25 35 - 33 13 - 13 14 - 14 93 _ 93 $ 1. 8 7 1.8 7 1. 3 4 _ 1. 3 5 1.95 _ 1.96 1. 6 5 2. 31 2. 3 4 1. 6 2 1. 6 2 1.53 - 1. 5 3 1. 3 4 _ 1. 3 4 66 48 18 33 22 18 10 19 52 40 12 87 56 31 23 18 94 54 40 $ 1 .9 5 1. 8 2 2. 2 8 1. 2 7 1. 2 6 1.49 1. 5 2 _ 1.44 2. 00 1. 9 1 2. 28 1.45 1.40 1. 5 4 1. 3 4 1. 3 4 1.31 1. 3 0 1. 3 1 88 76 12 25 19 16 8 8 36 26 10 38 29 9 34 23 11 33 12 21 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w e ek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts, I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d itio n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . N OTE: D a s h e s i n d i c a t e n o d a t a r e p o r t e d o r d a t a th a t do n o t m e e t p u b li c a t io n c r i t e r i a . $ 2 . 24 2. 27 2. 03 1.44 1.49 2. 32 2. 53 2 . 11 2. 38 2. 4 4 2 . 21 1. 6 2 1. 6 2 1. 6 5 1. 5 3 1. 5 5 1.49 1.4 4 1. 5 0 1.41 49 20 13 19 35 33 29 “ $ 2 . 06 1.45 2. 16 2. 28 1. 61 1. 51 1.44 - ‘ 104 66 38 55 33 22 28 9 19 17 14 45 28 17 21 16 28 60 41 19 $ 2 . 13 2. 01 2. 33 1.45 1 .40 1.53 2. 3 7 2. 2 4 2. 43 2. 2 0 2. 18 2. 28 2. 24 2. 36 1. 7 5 1. 7 8 1.66 1.4 6 1.47 1.4 4 98 60 38 49 27 22 27 8 19 14 11 39 22 17 16 11 28 52 33 19 $ 2 . 15 2. 0 4 2. 33 1. 4 7 1.42 1. 5 3 2. 36 2. 22 2. 43 2. 41 2. 43 2. 2 8 2. 22 2 . 36 1. 8 1 1. 8 9 1.6 6 1 .48 1. 5 1 1.4 4 55 38 10 9 23 23 $ 2 .51 2. 4 9 2. 9 7 2. 9 8 1.54 1. 5 4 53 38 10 9 23 23 $ 2. 5 4 2 .49 2. 9 7 2. 9 8 1.54 1. 5 4 Table 8. Occupational Averages: By Major Product to to ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c lo t h in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s by m a j o r p r o d u c t , U n ite d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a jr - J u n e 1 9 6 4 ) Border U n ited S ta te s 2 Num ber of w orkers S e x and occu p atio n A verage hourly earn in gs N um ber of w orkers States Sou th east A verage hourly earn in g s Num ber of w orkers Num ber of w orkers U n ited S t a t e s 2 M iddle W est South w e st A verage hourly earn in gs A verage hourly earn in gs Num ber of w orkers A verage hourly earn in gs Num ber of w orkers A verage hourly earn in gs G reat L akes Num ber of w orkers A verage hourly earn in gs O v e r a lls and in d u stria l g a rm e n ts D ungarees W om en _ _ 22 918 112 13,211 10,907 47 $ 1. 4 1 1. 4 3 1. 5 4 1. 4 1 1.41 1. 39 280 39 3, 3 2 5 2, 9 8 0 22 $ 1.4 3 1.61 1. 4 2 1. 4 2 1.48 11 266 44 3, 8 4 2 2, 9 3 0 14 $ 1. 3 6 1. 46 1.51 1. 4 0 1. 4 0 1. 3 2 7 250 27 3, 5 7 2 3, 0 2 8 - $ 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. - - - 259 109 52 44 183 146 55 332 F o l d e r s , g a r m e n t _________________________________ ______ I n s p e c t o r s , f i n a l ___________________________________________ P r e s s e r s , f i n i s h , m a c h i n e ______________________________ S e w i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 3_____________________________ D u n g a r e e s ________________________________________________ O v e r a l l s a n d i n d u s t r i a l g a r m e n t s ---------------------U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h i n e ________________________________ 2. 0 4 1. 35 1.87 1. 5 4 2 . 13 1. 5 3 1.44 1. 35 81 16 9 49 37 95 1.93 1. 2 8 1 .63 2. 03 1.53 1. 3 3 54 33 22 60 46 19 104 1 .93 1. 3 0 1. 8 6 2 . 13 1. 5 9 1 .53 1. 3 8 52 27 11 21 44 46 15 94 37 32 47 35 36 59 1, 2 2 5 902 - _ $ 1.6 4 1.51 1 .50 - - - _ 25 7 4, 5 8 0 3, 2 3 0 _ $ 1.42 1.4 4 1. 4 4 . 67 1, 1 6 9 899 $ 1.43 1.50 1.51 - - - M en C u t t e r s , m a c h i n e ------------------------------------------------------J a n i t o r s _________________________________ _____ __________ M a r k e r s ______________________________________________________ P r e s s e r s , f i n i s h , m a c h i n e ______________________________ R e p a i r m e n , s e w i n g m a c h i n e ------------------------------------S p r e a d e r s _________________________________ ________________ S t o c k c l e r k s _________________________________________________ W o r k d i s t r i b u t o r s ------------------------------------------------------- U n ited S t a t e s 2 2. 00 1. 28 1.73 1.5 4 2.0 9 1. 4 8 1. 3 4 1. 30 South east B o rd er States W ork 36 24 8 19 13 19 2. 20 1.51 2. 38 2. 24 1.58 1.45 140 32 27 54 67 29 87 2. 00 1. 4 4 1.82 2 . 17 1.51 1.61 1.40 U nited S t a t e s 2 Sou th w est 2 . 25 1. 37 2. 24 2 . 25 1. 8 0 1. 5 8 1. 4 6 29 9 8 13 19 13 19 Sou th east W ork sh irts pants W om en F o l d e r s , g a r m e n t --------------------------------------------------------I n s p e c t o r s , f i n a l -----------------------------------------------------------P r e s s e r s , f i n i s h , h a n d ------------------------------------------------P r e s s e r s , f i n i s h , m a c h i n e -----------------------------------------S e w i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s 3 ---------------------------------------W o r k p a n t s _________________________________________________ W o r k s h i r t s ________________________________________________ T h r e a d t r i m m e r s ____________________________________________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h i n e --------------------------------------------W o r k d i s t r i b u t o r s --------------------------------------------------------- ............_____ ............_____ ___________ 71 910 80 387 16, 1 2 2 12, 6 3 6 $ 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. - _ 39 42 42 45 39 40 179 42 2, 4 4 4 2, 0 5 7 - - 318 95 1. 3 8 1. 3 3 27 - 276 131 71 331 177 161 93 359 1.96 1. 3 3 1.70 1.66 2. 14 1. 5 1 1. 4 4 1. 3 4 54 18 8 69 30 41 8 43 _ $ 1. 4 8 1. 43 1.41 1. 4 1 - 1. 4 2 - - 29 415 40 129 7, 154 5, 8 1 9 173 28 $ 1. 35 1. 3 6 1.45 1. 46 1 . 37 1 . 37 1. 3 8 1. 34 29 141 136 3, 7 2 8 2, 6 0 5 79 33 $ 1. 38 1. 3 8 1. 38 1. 36 1. 37 1. 33 1. 28 83 311 99 3, 6 9 8 2, 8 4 0 36 100 65 37 210 87 56 33 188 1. 75 1. 30 1. 58 1.65 2.0 3 1.51 1. 41 1. 32 38 32 18 23 36 47 20 84 1.84 1. 33 1. 65 1.57 2. 19 1.46 1. 45 1. 36 59 34 15 45 57 $ 1. 4 2 1. 3 7 1. 4 8 1.4 0 - 1. 4 0 1. 3 5 - 38 205 93 2, 2 8 1 1, 6 5 5 27 " $ 1.45 1. 36 1.47 1. 3 9 1. 4 0 1. 3 3 - Men C u t t e r s , m a c h i n e ____________________________________________ J a n i t o r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------M a r k e r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------P r e s s e r s , f i n i s h , m a c h i n e ________________________________ R e p a i r m e n , s e w i n g m a c h i n e ------------------------- -----------S p r e a d e r s , ---------------------------------------------------------------------S t o c k c l e r k s -------------------------------------------------------------------W o r k d i s t r i b u t o r s ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 ___________ _ E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p ay fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w e ek en d s, I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s i n a d d i t i o n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e NOTE: D ashes indicate no data reported or data th a t do h o lid ays, show n and late separately. not m e e t p u b lic a tio n criteria. sh ifts. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 1. 1. 1. 94 31 88 55 04 47 38 29 - 81 1. 8 2 1. 3 0 1. 8 7 2.05 1.41 1. 3 6 24 19 6 30 37 48 1.59 1. 27 1.62 1.88 1. 3 4 1. 3 4 T able 9. (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e O ccu p a tion a l Earnings: Alabam a s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 of w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c lo th in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , June 1964) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv i;ng s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f— O c c u p a t io n and s e x A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s __________________________ W o m e n ___________________________________________ M e n ______________________________________________ N u m b er of w ork ers A v e ra g e $1.25 '$ 1 .3 0 h o u r ly and ea rn in g s 1 u n d er $ 1.3 0 $1.35 2, 096 1 ,8 3 5 261 $1.43 1.41 1.61 21 96 87 16 8 27 2.07 1.50 1.48 1.29 1.73 2.07 1, 546 467 466 17 14 29 19 11 40 1.42 1.32 1.45 1.52 1.41 1.37 1.39 1.38 1.36 2 891 833 58 175 148 27 38 38 10 1 4 3 1 $1.35 $ 1.40 $ 1.45 $ 1.50 $1.60 $1.7 0 $ 1.8 0 $ 1.90 $2.0 0 $ 2.10 $ 2.2 0 $2.3 0 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $1.4 0 $1.45 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1.60 $1.70 $1.8 0 $ 1.9 0 $ 2.00 $2.1 0 $ 2.20 $2.3 0 $2.4 0 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 173 142 31 138 120 18 138 127 11 148 131 17 127 120 7 101 85 16 70 60 10 42 34 8 34 20 14 17 10 7 18 _ 18 9 3 6 6 2 4 7 _ 7 2 _ 2 2 5 4 1 1 1 2 3 3 _ _ _ 1 8 8 _ 1 1 2 3 2 _ 2 _ 6 2 _ _ _ 4 1 3 2 _ _ 3 1 2 2 _ _ 4 3 13 12 _ 1 1 1 2 2 _ 1 2 1 9 8 _ . 2 _ _ _ 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ _ 105 20 40 1 4 _ 1 1 3 108 12 46 _ 4 3 1 1 4 108 18 42 1 _ 4 1 1 2 102 12 46 _ _ 2 1 1 1 70 8 24 1 _ 1 1 _ 1 55 2 17 _ 1 _ _ _ _ 31 4 7 _ _ 14 _ 4 1 8 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 _ 2 _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s , m a ch in e (20 m e n and 1 w o m a n )3b / __ I n s p e c t o r s , f i n a l 3b / ---------------------------------------------W o m e n 3 b / ______________________________________ J a n it o r s (1 3 m e n and 3 w o m e n ) 3 a / _____________ M a r k e r s (a ll m en) 3 a / ____________________________ R e p a ir m e n , sew in g m a c h in e ( a ll m e n ) 3 a / _____ S e w in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s (1 ,5 3 6 w om en and 10 m en ) 3 b / 4 _________________________________ W o r k pants- (4 6 2 w o m e n and 5 m en) 3b / _____ D u n g a r e e s ( a ll w o m e n ) 3b / ___________________ S p r e a d e r s ( a ll m en) 3 a / __________________________ S to ck c l e r k s (1 3 m e n and 1 w om a n ) 3 a / ________ T h r e a d t r i m m e r s (27 w o m e n and 2 m en) 3b / __ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h in e 3 b / -----------------------------W o m e n 3 b / ______________________________________ W o rk d i s t r ib u t o r s (36 m e n and 4 w om en ) 3 a / __ - - 4 3 4 2 - 693 324 133 3 2 17 9 3 12 127 34 50 5 1 2 2 2 7 120 31 51 3 2 2 2 10 - - _ 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . 2 In clu d e s 56 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1.2 5. 3 I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r ra n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f se p a ra te a v e r a g e s by m eth od o f w a g e p a y m en t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n tly t im e w o r k e r s , 4 In clu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i fic a t i o n s in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . _ and _ _ _ (b) a ll or _ _ _ 2 1 _ _ _ _ p r e d o m in a n tly in ce n tiv e w ork ers. to OJ T able 10. (N um b er and a v e ra g e A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ______ W o m e n _____________________ M e n _____________ _________ to C aliforn ia s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 of w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o th in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , A ver a ge $ 1 .2 5 h o u r ly of and w ork ea rn und er ers in g s 1 2 $ 1.30 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1.40 $1.4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.90 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1.50 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1.80 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 79 72 7 89 86 3 176 148 28 222 210 12 129 111 18 7 5 2 5 1 1 4 1 2 “ “ " " 1 - 1 1 4 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 16 3 14 6 4 " _ _ 1 ' 4 “ “ 43 2 .55 - 62 1.76 6 1.57 8 78 72 6 3 .0 2 39 32 7 8 3 5 3 2 1 1 21 1 20 5 4 4 1 20 2 " _ 21 17 4 3 2 458 456 2 46 42 4 27 20 7 64 61 3 $ 1 .6 1 1.56 2 .06 100 89 11 33 28 5 86 80 6 1, 702 1, 537 165 M a y 1964) N u m b er of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f- Num - O c c u p a tio n and s e x O ccu p a tion al Earnings: " “ “ ~ " " " " " " 5 3 2 3 - 5 - S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s , m a ch in e (a ll m en ) 3 a / _______ _______ _ _ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (a ll w o m e n ) 3 a / ___________________ J a n it o r s (4 m e n and 2 w o m e n ) 3 a / ________________ R e p a ir m e n , sew in g m a ch in e (a ll m en ) 3 a / ____ S e w in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s (1 , 285 w o m e n and 1 m a n) 3 b / 4 __________________ W ork pants (765 w o m e n and 1 m an) 3 b / _ ______ W ork d is t r ib u t o r s (21 m en and 5 w o m e n ) 3 a / ___________ 1 2 3 4 - 1 " 1 1 1 1 ,2 8 6 1.58 338 68 53 64 81 131 178 102 71 63 37 28 26 18 17 3 3 3 1 1 766 1.56 224 43 35 43 59 83 67 63 38 38 16 18 18 6 8 1 2 2 1 1 26 1.53 2 1 6 1 7 7 " 3 2 " - 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . In clu d e s 21 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1 .2 5 . I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n of se p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m eth od of w a g e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , In clu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i fic a t i o n s in a d d ition to th ose show n s e p a r a t e ly . “ - and (b) a ll or p r e d o m in a n tly in c e n t iv e w ork ers. T a b le 11. O ccu p a tion al Earnings: G e o rgia (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k clo t h in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , June 1964) A ver age of h o u r ly w ork - ea rn e l fa Num- O c c u p a tio n and s e x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ----------W o m e n ---------------------------------M e n ---------------------------------------- 6, 220 5, 315 905 N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— $ 1 .2 5 $1.30 and " und er $ 1 .3 0 $1.35 $ 1 .4 0 22834 1. 38 2574 260 1. 53 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 416 317 99 524 445 79 612 572 40 368 300 68 593 497 96 311 253 58 186 146 40 125 87 38 104 69 35 45 23 22 24 6 18 18 3 15 11 4 7 5 1 4 15 4 11 8 6 2 4 4 6 4 2 5 5 2 2 1 4 4 1 - - - 1 1 3 3 1 1 $3.H $3.2i - 5 4 1 1 1 _ - - S e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s 70 32 I n c e n t iv e ------------------------------------ Folders, garment (20 women and 5 men) V 4--------------------------Hand (20 women and 1 man) 3b/ ----------------------------Inspectors, final---------------------------Time-------------------------------------Incentive-------------------------------Women---------------------------------------- 1 1 3 3 6 - 1 1 5 1 15 2 - 10 5 8 5 6 3 1 1 1. 33 15 2 2 - 1 5 - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 1 22 23 1 22 6 6 5 33 1 32 31 31 - _ 29 7 22 27 6 21 6 6 1 20 8 12 19 7 12 - _ 29 29 29 29 7 6 1 17 1 16 17 1 16 - 6 6 6 6 - 5 5 5 5 - 2 2 2 2 - 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - " " " “ - - " - 1 5 5 2 8 6 2 1 6 4 2 8 6 2 3 20 17 3 3 6 5 1 1 11 11 1 9 9 3 9 9 1 6 6 2 3 3 4 4 - - 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 8 65 65 65 65 1 6 6 5 5 1 6 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 6 4 4 4 4 _ 6 6 6 6 1 _ 1. 1. 1. 1. 59 56 66 31 6 50 16 34 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 09 39 39 39 39 43 _ . 2128 2124 2104 2100 24 258 258 257 257 1 364 349 363 348 1 517 517 517 517 - 1 268 268 266 266 2 7 437 437 436 436 1 6 212 212 208 208 4 9 123 123 123 123 - 3 72 72 71 71 1 - 4 22 22 18 18 4 1. 44 238 38 68 68 44 69 44 21 13 17 - - - 4 - - 4 75 305 293 281 269 24 1. 32 1. 37 1. 37 1. 36 1. 37 1 .4 9 35 1227 1223 1213 1209 14 20 105 105 105 105 16 272 272 272 272 _ 205 205 204 204 1 2 95 95 94 94 1 29 29 28 28 1 14 14 14 14 5 5 4 4 1 - 1 1 1 1 - - 13 13 9 9 4 1 1 1 1 - _ 128 128 127 127 1 33 33 33 33 - 2 175 167 174 166 1 - - " 400 60 38 22 22 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 37 51 38 74 60 194 13 10 3 19 3 3 - 27 13 12 1 69 1 1 2 13 4 4 4 47 11 7 4 5 10 2 1 1 6 6 3 1 2 1 4 1 11 4 - 5 - - 1 3 4 1 I n c e n t iv e -----------------------------------S t o c k c l e r k s ( a l l m e n ) 3 a / -------------T h re ad trim m e rs (all women) Md/-----------------------------Underpressers, hand^_b/---------------Men 3b/---------------------------------------Underpressers, machine^_b/--------Women 3 b/ ______________ _________ Men 3b /m _______________________ Watchmen (all men) 3a/-----------------Work distributors 3 aJZ------------------Men 3a /--------------------------------------Women 3 a/-----------------------------------1 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 2, 2, 2, 2, 27 23 18 33 18 15 19 167 151 16 1 .4 0 1. 36 1. 37 1. 32 1. 27 1. 38 1. 28 1. 33 1. 33 1. 28 10 10 7 21 15 1 4 4 2 - 6 _ 4 5 2 4 _ _ 3 3 - 3 3 - 2 1 2 1 1 - - 1 - - - 6 2 3 32 - 1 - - - 1 - - - 8 8 5 5 - - - - - - _ " 13 82 70 12 30 2 _ - - - - - - 4 4 4 4 5 - 1 4 4 4 4 1 _ _ _ - - - 4 - 2 2 2 2 - _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - _ _ - _ _ - - - - - - _ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 1 4 2 1 14 13 1 7 7 19 18 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w ork on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . In clu d es 98 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1. 25. to In s u ffic ie n t data to w a r ra n t p r e s e n ta tio n o f se p a ra te a v e r a g e s by m e th o d o f w ag e p a y m en t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , In clu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i fic a t i o n s in addition to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . _ 5 4, 478 4, 458 4, 439 39 g a r m e n t s ( a l l w o m e n ) M a /------- Incentive--------------------------Men Md --------------------------------/ Work shirts (394 women and 6 men) Md/ -------------------------------Spreaders (all m en)----------------------Time------------------------------------------- _ 15 166 14 152 164 13 151 26 19 7 632 f i n i s h , m a c h i n e 3 b / ----- Work pants--------------------------------Incentive--------------------------- _ 33 37 37 37 37 34 37 29 30 26 104 Men 3b/---------------------------------------44 Women^b /----------------------------------Repairmen, sewing machine 65 (all men) ^_a/ --------------------------------Sewing-machine operators 4_______ 4, 497 Women______________________ Incentive--------------------------Menf_b/-______________________ Dungarees (626 women and 6 men) 3b/ -------------------------------Overalls and industrial _ 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 24 148 I n c e n t iv e ------------------------------- I n c e n t iv e -------------------------- . 21 333 33 300 325 28 297 45 37 8 Janitors 3 a / ------------------------------------Men 3a~ --------------------------------------T Women 3a /----------------------------------Markers (18 men and 6 women) ^_a/--------------------------------P re sse rs, 1. 76 1. 93 25 Cutters, machine (all m en)----------- and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n tly in ce n tiv e w o r k e r s . Cn T able 12. (N u m b er and a v e r a g e O ccu p a tion al Earnings: Indiana s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c lo th in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , M a y 1964) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r :s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t -■time h o u r ly ea rn in g s o f— O c c u p a t io n and s e x A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ___________________ W o m e n ___________________________________ M e n ______________________________________ A v e ra g e $1.25 $ 1.3 0 h o u r ly of and 2 w o r k e r s e a r n in g s 1 U nder $1.2 5 under $1.30 $ 1.3 5 $1.35 $ 1.40 $ 1.45 $ 1.50 $1.6 0 $ 1.7 0 $ 1.80 $1.90 $2.0 0 $2.1 0 $ 2.20 $ 2.3 0 $ 2.40 $2.5 0 $ 2.6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1.7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $1.9 0 $ 2.0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $2.5 0 $ 2.6 0 $ 2.70 $2.80 over 146 138 8 295 263 32 177 160 17 132 119 13 91 77 14 52 40 12 57 46 11 37 26 11 18 10 8 23 7 16 9 2 7 5 1 4 5 5 " - 2 2 . - 2 1 1 12 7 - 1 1 8 1 4 2 2 6 1 4 4 4 - 5 5 3 4 5 4 1 2 1 1 1 - 4 2 2 - 1 1 - _ 1 _ - _ - 2 22 - 4 3 - 1 4 2 - - - - - - - _ " 1 1 2 2 4 5 2 3 and - 538 515 23 134 125 9 177 159 18 206 180 26 2.11 2.01 2.30 1.50 1.42 2.05 - 29 8 - . 6 3 - . 8 - _ 14 2 - 15 - _ 9 2 - - 4 1 - 5 3 3 " ' " " " 2, 184 1 ,9 5 3 231 $1.50 1.48 1.71 29 19 10 116 22 8 80 80 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s , m a ch in e ( a ll m e n ) --------------------T im e _____________________________________ In ce n tiv e ________________________________ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (a ll w o m e n ) 3 b / -----------J a n ito rs (17 m en and 5 w o m e n p a / -------M a r k e r s (a ll m en) 3 a / ------------------------------P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a ch in e (29 w o m e n and 1 m an) 3b / --------------------R e p a ir m e n , sew in g m a ch in e (a ll m en) 3 a / ---------------------------------------------S e w in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s ( a ll w o m e n ) 3 b / 4 ---------------------------------------------D u n g a r e e s 3b / ___________________________ O v e r a lls and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n ts i b / --------------------------------------W o rk pants 3 b / --------------------------------------S p r e a d e r s (25 m e n and 4 w o m e n )-----------T im e -------------------------------------------------------In ce n tiv e ------------------------------------------------S to ck c l e r k s (a ll m en ) 3 a / -----------------------U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h in e (a ll w om en ) 3 b / ------------------------------------------------W o rk d is t r ib u t o r s 3 a / -------------------------------W o m e n 3 a / ---------------------------------------------M en 3 a / ---------------------------------------------------- - 30 1.62 20 2.26 1 ,4 8 4 367 1.49 1.47 - 428 124 96 27 140 38 119 19 101 23 199 53 130 29 98 24 68 12 33 2 31 6 19 3 8 2 6 2 2 1 1 - 5 2 - - 250 392 29 23 6 22 1.48 1.48 1.53 1.49 1.68 1.47 - 78 114 1 18 33 2 2 2 18 28 2 2 5 17 42 7 7 3 21 18 3 2 1 3 26 11 7 4 6 25 33 1 1 1 21 26 1 1 - 11 22 - 4 8 1 1 - 9 4 - 2 3 - 3 - 1 1 1 1 - - - - - 12 47 25 22 1.43 1.46 1.48 1.43 - 3 2 1 1 1 1 6 1 5 3 15 4 11 2 3 3 3 16 12 4 1 3 3 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 57 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and fo r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s f o l lo w s : 1 at $2.80 to $2.90; and 1 at $ 3.2 0 to $ 3.3 0. 3 I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f se p a r a te a v e r a g e s by m eth od o f w age p a y m en t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n tly t im e w o r k e r s , 4 In clu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n s in a d d ition to th ose sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . and (b) a ll or p r e d o m in a n tly in c e n t iv e w ork ers. T a b le 13. O ccu p a tio n a l Earnings: K en tu cky ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , June 1964) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t-■time h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— O c c u p a t io n and s e x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s __ - ________________ W o m e n ____________________________________ M e n ------------------------------------------------------------ N u m b er A v e r a g e $1.25 $1.3 0 h o u r ly of w o r k e r s e a rn in g s 1 and under $1.30 $ 1.3 5 4, 562 3, 991 571 $ 1. 45 1 .4 3 1. 54 $1.3 5 $ 1.4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1.50 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $1.80 $ 1.9 0 $ 2.0 0 $ 2.1 0 $2.20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2.40 $ 2.5 0 $2.6 0 $2.70 $ 2.80 $ 2.90 $1.4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $1.5 0 $1.60 $ 1.7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.90 $ 2.0 0 $ 2.1 0 $ 2.20 $2.30 $ 2.4 0 $ 2.50 $2.6 0 $2.7 0 $ 2.80 $ 2.90 over and 2 1468 1315 153 400 354 46 401 378 23 397 333 64 290 242 48 733 677 56 360 306 54 162 128 34 148 136 12 59 55 4 47 35 12 56 8 48 8 6 2 20 16 4 2 _ 2 _ 3 3 58 18 12 6 9 6 3 2 2 31 1 1 _ 3 3 . 3 2 1 35 _ 2 _ 2 1 1 30 _ 4 10 6 4 2 2 _ 23 7 7 _ 4 4 40 _ _ 7 22 9 13 6 2 4 24 _ _ 1 17 5 12 19 17 2 25 2 5 3 2 1 _ 1 1 _ 2 6 2 4 1 _ 1 7 _ _ _ 5 2 3 3 _ _ 2 _ _ _ 35 35 _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ . _ 1 1 _ 2 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 3 1 2 2 1 1 5 _ 5 1 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s , m a c h in e (a ll m e n ) ---------------------T im e ---------------------------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e --------------------------------------------------I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l ( a ll w om en ) 3 b / ------------J a n it o r s 3 a / --------------------------------------------------M en 3 a / ___________________________________ W om en 3a / ___________________ ____ ______ M a r k e r s (15 m e n and 3 w o m e n ) 3 a / ______ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e 3 b / ----------------M en 3 b / ___________________________________ W om en 3 b / ----------------------------------------------R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a c h in e ( a ll m en ) 3 a / _______________________________ S e w in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s (3, 332 w o m e n and 3 m en ) 3 b / 4 --------------------------D u n g a r e e s (1 , 383 w o m e n and 3 m en ) 3 b / ______________________________ O v e r a lls and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t s ( a ll w o m e n ) 3 b / -----------------------------------W o rk pa n ts (a ll w om en ) 3 b / ___________ S p r e a d e r s (a ll m e n ) -----------------------------------T im e ______________________________________ I n c e n t iv e ________________________ _________ S to ck c l e r k s ( a ll m e n ) 3 a / _________________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , hand (a ll m en ) 3 b / --------U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h in e 3 b / -------------------M en 3 b / ----------------------------------------------------W om en 3 b / _______________________________ W o rk d i s t r ib u t o r s 3 a / ______________________ M en 3 a / ----------------------------------------------------W o m e n 3 a / ----------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 84 69 15 279 19 13 6 18 85 45 40 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 85 85 84 47 25 25 25 61 57 58 56 44 2. 03 - 1 - 2 - 2 5 6 2 _ 4 12 1 _ 2 . 2 _ 5 _ 3, 335 1. 44 1044 287 320 290 194 607 258 95 131 47 32 8 6 16 _ _ - _ _ _ 1, 386 1. 45 371 132 132 162 86 263 113 35 45 7 20 - 4 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ 513 919 43 29 14 8 14 44 23 21 73 64 9 1. 50 1. 45 1. 46 1 .4 4 1. 48 1. 47 1. 31 1. 53 1. 54 1. 52 1. 32 1. 31 1. 37 120 270 4 4 . 1 11 5 _ 5 39 36 3 20 75 _ _ 1 4 3 1 12 10 2 18 131 7 40 56 7 5 2 1 32 39 8 8 _ _ _ 2 2 16 12 4 159 155 14 6 8 _ . 17 8 9 _ _ _ 40 85 1 _ 1 2 2 7 4 3 _ _ _ 23 33 2 2 _ 1 _ 3 2 1 _ _ _ 35 47 _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ 22 14 _ _ _ _ 1 _ 1 _ _ _ 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ j _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 , 2 1 1 2 2 _ 2 2 _ 4 4 _ E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . I n clu d e s 135 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1. 25. I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r ra n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s by m eth od o f w ag e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n tly t im e w o r k e r s , In clu d e s da ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i fic a t i o n s in a ddition to th o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . and (b) a ll or p r e d o m in a n t ly in ce n tiv e w ork ers. t\2 Table 14. O ccu p a tion al Earnings: to M ississippi 00 (N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u rly e a r n in g s 1 of w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k clo th in g m a n u f a c t u r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , June 1964) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— O c c u p a t io n and s e x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ___________________________ W o m e n ___________________________________________ M en ______________________________________________ of w ork ers h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 2 $1.25 $1.30 und er $1.30 - $1.35 T T 7 4 0" $1.4 5 $ 1.50 $ 1.40 $1.45 $ 1.50 $ 1.60 $1.35 $1.7 0 $ 1.8 0 $ 1.90 $2.0 0 $ 2.10 $2.2 0 $ 2.30 $ 2.40 $ 2 .5 0 $2.60 $ 1.70 $ 1.80 " $ 1.9 0 $2.0 0 " $ 2 .1 0 $ 2.20 $2.3 0 $ 2.40 " $ 2.50 $2.60 over $1.6 0 and 4, 399 4, 010 389 $1.39 1.38 1.53 2 2014 1904 110 479 444 35 460 417 43 305 277 28 225 208 17 370 334 36 204 171 33 127 107 20 56 44 12 63 53 10 30 16 14 17 10 7 13 10 3 14 5 9 10 5 5 5 1 4 7 4 3 34 15 19 19 156 44 37 7 13 111 101 51 50 39 3, 208 1.80 1.65 1.91 1.33 1.37 1.31 1.31 1.27 1.71 1.46 1.60 1.67 1.52 2.00 1.37 6 73 24 20 4 43 23 16 7 1563 . 4 18 9 6 3 1 9 6 6 362 3 2 1 7 27 4 4 5 13 2 11 301 1 1 2 9 1 12 6 2 4 229 2 2 5 5 5 5 4 1 3 173 3 1 2 6 2 2 3 14 10 4 6 4 278 13 10 3 3 1 4 9 4 5 2 137 2 1 1 6 3 9 4 3 1 7 78 2 2 6 1 2 4 2 2 6 22 _ 3 1 2 5 5 4 41 2 2 4 4 3 7 1 1 2 6 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 2 8 4 4 2 4 4 3 1 1 1 1 4 - 1 1 2 - 1 1 2 3 1, 598 1, 117 32 7 80 1.37 1.40 1.43 1.43 1.38 780 482 8 2 32 166 126 5 8 180 96 6 1 16 111 86 5 4 86 80 9 143 104 3 3 4 74 50 1 1 39 29 3 - 4 18 4 5 32 1 1 3 4 1 1 2 - 8 1 - 3 - _ - - 3 - 14 18 15 80 63 17 1.43 1.34 1.37 1.36 1.35 1.37 4 12 2 26 22 4 5 12 7 5 1 4 17 15 2 5 4 8 8 1 5 5 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 _ - - - - - - - - _ - 4 8 2 6 _ - - - - - - - - - - S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s , m a ch in e ( a ll m e n ) ---------------------------------T im e _____________________________________________ In ce n tiv e ________________________________________ F o l d e r s , g a r m e n t , hand ( a ll w o m e n ) 3 b / _______ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (a ll w o m e n ) 3 b / ________________ J a n it o r s 3 a / _________________________________________ M e n 3 a / __________________________________________ W o m e n 3 a / ----------------------------------------------------------M a r k e r s (11 m e n and 2 w o m e n ) 3 a / -------------------P r e s s e r s , fin is h , hand (a ll w om en ) 3 b / -----------P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a ch in e 3b / __________________ M en 3 b / __________________________________________ W o m e n 3 b / _______________________________________ R e p a ir m e n , se w in g m a c h in e (a ll m e n ) 3 a / ------S e w in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s 3 b / 4 _________________ W o rk pants (1 , 596 w o m e n and 2 m en ) 3 b / --------------------------------------------------------W ork s h ir t s ( a ll w o m e n ) 3 b / --------------------------S p r e a d e r s (27 m e n and 5 w o m e n ) 3 a / ___________ S to ck c l e r k s ( a ll m en ) 3 a / _________________________ T h re a d t r i m m e r s (a ll w om en ) 3 b / _______________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , hand (8 m e n and 6 w om en ) 3 b / ______________________________________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h in e (a ll w o m e n ) 3 b / --------W a tch m e n (a ll m en) 3 a / ----------------------------------------W o rk d i s t r ib u t o r s 3 a / --------------------------------------------M en 3 a / ---------------------------------------------------------------W o m e n 3 a / ----------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t i m e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . In clu d e s 113 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1.2 5. I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f se p a r a te a v e r a g e s by m eth od o f w ag e p a y m en t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , In clu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n s in a d d ition to th ose show n s e p a r a t e ly . and (b) a ll or p r e d o m in a n tly in c e n t iv e w ork ers. T a b le 15. (N u m b e r and a v e ra g e O c cu p a tio n a l Earnings: M issou ri s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 of w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u n e 1964) of w ork - N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - tim e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o fA ver age $ 1.25 $1.30 $1.35 $ 1.40 $1.4 5 $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 1.90 $2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $ 2.30 $2.4 0 $2.5 0 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $ 2.90 $ 3.00 $ 3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 h ou rly Under and and ea rn $1.25 un d er ings 1 $1.30 $ 1.35 $1.40 $1.4 5 $1.5 0 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $2.2 0 $ 2.30 $2.40 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2.60 $2.70 $2.8 0 $2.90 $3.00 $3.1 0 $ 3.20 $3.30 $3.40 o v e r 3, 729 3, 207 522 $1. 53 1 .4 8 1 .8 6 150 148 2 90 43 T i m e --------------------------------------47 I n c e n t iv e --------------------------F o ld e r s , g a r m e n t (a ll 16 w o m e n ) 2 b / 3 ----------------------12 Hand 2 b T __________________ ^ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l ( a ll 126 w o m e n )--------------------------------16 T im e ---------------------------------110 I n c e n t iv e ---------------------------J a n it o r s (43 m e n and 46 3 w o m e n ) 2 a / ----------------------28 M a r k e r s (a ll m e n ) ! a / - ....... P r e s s e r s , fin is h , hand (a ll w o m e n ) 2 b / -----------------9 P r e s s e r s , fin is h , 51 m a c h in e 2 b / ------------------------34 W om en ”2 ) / -----------------------! 17 M en 2 b/~H --------------------------R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a 36 c h in e ( a ll m en ) 2 a / ------------S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (2, 564 w o m e n and 5 m e n ) ------------------------ 2, 569 55 T im e ----------------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------------- 2, 514 W o rk s h ir t s (a ll 406 w o m e n ) ^_b/--------------------W o rk pa n ts (7 0 5 w o m e n and 4 m en ) 2 b / -------------709 O v e r a l ls and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t s (a ll 261 w o m e n ) 2 b / --------------------W a sh a b le s e r v i c e a p 461 p a r e l (a ll w o m e n ) 2 b / — D u n g a r e e s (a ll 632 w o m e n ) 2 b / --------------------11 S p r e a d e r s (a ll m en ) 2 b / -----S to ck c l e r k s (26 m e n and 27 1 w om a n ) 2 a / _____________ 14 U n d erp ressers, hand2b / — 7 M en 2 b / ----------------------------7 W o m e n 2 b / ________________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a ch in e (11 m e n and 8 w o m e n )2b / — 19 63 W o rk d i s t r i b u t o r s ----------------T im e ___________________ 39 24 I n c e n t iv e ----------------------45 M e n ________________________ 23 T im e -------22 I n c e n t iv e .. 18 W om en 2 a/1 4 3 2 2. 15 2. 00 2. 29 1. 55 1. 56 NumO c c u p a t io n and s e x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s W o m e n ----------------------M e n __________________ 345 307 38 294 259 35 221 188 33 180 118 62 103 75 28 108 50 58 46 35 11 47 23 24 44 27 17 22 11 11 12 6 6 36 8 28 16 5 11 9 4 5 3 1 2 8 2 6 4 4 _ _ 8 2 6 7 4 3 6 _ 6 35 34 1 2 2 - 5 5 2 2 2 1 1 12 12 3 1 2 1 1 - - 3 1 2 - - - 1 1 1 1 2 2 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 1 1 _ - - - - - - - 11 11 5 5 7 2 5 2 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 - 1 1 _ _ - - 234 213 21 934 876 58 283 263 20 306 285 21 318 301 17 _ _ _ - 1 _ 1 _ - - - - 2 1 3 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 1. 58 1 .4 5 1. 60 ' 19 2 17 14 6 8 15 2 13 13 13 1 .4 6 2. 37 _ 12 6 4 - - - - 1. 75 - 1 - 1. 84 1 .6 6 2. 20 _ 5 5 - 9 6 3 - 2. 32 - - - 1 .4 9 1. 34 1 .4 9 _ - 785 19 766 1. 49 - 1. 45 - 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 - _ - - 1 1 _ _ _ _ - - - - _ “ S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s , m a c h in e (8 6 m e n and 4 w o m e n )---------------------- _ _ - 1 1 10 2 8 12 12 7 2 5 2 3 _ - 10 1 1 - - 1 - 1 5 - 3 - - 1 1 1 1 2 - 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 _ 1 - 2 2 1 1 - 6 5 1 1 1 - 4 2 2 2 2 - 5 4 1 - - " - - - - 1 1 3 2 6 2 4 4 3 207 3 204 239 22 217 233 3 230 170 7 163 264 1 263 222 150 103 57 41 33 18 22 222 150 103 57 41 33 18 22 101 43 42 39 26 33 44 34 15 9 7 6 3 3 1 291 50 54 61 32 08 44 28 27 16 15 9 6 6 1 - - _ - _ - - - - - " 1 1 _ - - - - - - - . _ . 13 - 1 - - - - - 5 1 4 _ _ - - - 1 1 - - 3 - - 2 7 2 8 4 1 1 7 2 8 4 1 1 8 1 1 _ _ - - „ - - - - 2 _ 42 4 1 - - - - - - 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 .4 6 - 74 19 40 28 21 27 19 13 10 4 1 2 - 1 1 - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 .4 8 - 108 36 47 50 45 69 52 22 17 5 4 2 - 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1. 57 1 .9 0 _ 157 51 61 1 62 3 34 3 22 1 14 14 3 3 1 1 _ _ 1 . 1 - - - 1 1 6 - 9 - 11 - 46 1 52 - 49 - 33 - - - - - 1 - - - - 7 2 2 _ 1 2 3 1 1 2 4 1 _ _ - - - 1 2 4 1 3 4 _ _ 9 8 6 2 7 6 1 1 1 12 11 1 6 5 1 6 2 9 8 1 6 5 1 3 1 .6 6 1. 48 1 .4 6 1 .4 9 1. 39 1 .4 5 1. 37 1. 58 1. 48 1. 37 1 .6 0 1. 37 - _ _ _ _ _ _ . - 2 1 - 2 1 1 _ 12 9 3 4 2 2 8 - 2 1 - 1 1 - 1 _ 2 2 - - - 2 2 10 5 5 10 5 5 1 7 2 - 1 3 7 7 - 1 1 3 3 7 - 1 1 3 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r ra n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s by m e th o d o f w ag e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n tly t im e w o r k e r s , 3 I n clu d e s d a ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i fic a t i o n s in a ddition to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 4 W o r k e r s w e r e at $ 3 . 6 0 to $ 3 . 7 0 . _ and (b) y© a ll or p r e d o m in a n tly in ce n tiv e w ork ers. ^ T able 16. (N u m b er and a v e r a g e O ccupation al Earnings: N o rth C arolina o s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 of w o r k e r s i n s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , M a y 1964) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— O c c u p a t io n and s e x A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ___________________________ W o m e n __________________________________________ M e n __________ _ __ _ _____ _____ ___ ___ N u m b er A v era g e $ 1 .2 5 h o u r ly of and 2 w o r k e r s e a rn in g s 1 und er $ 1 .3 0 1 ,8 6 4 1 ,6 7 3 191 $ 1 .3 5 1.33 1.54 2 1161' 1090 71 28 20 8 102 21 12 9 8 13 1 ,2 8 8 882 17 41 31 1.71 1.80 1.38 1.40 1.26 1.25 1.27 2.05 2.23 1.34 1.30 1.61 1.30 1.30 6 2 3 52 18 12 6 $ 1.30 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1.40 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1.70 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.90 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 1.35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.90 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 over 116 104 12 114 96 18 87 80 7 43 40 3 133 115 18 78 69 9 50 38 12 25 20 5 17 7 10 22 11 11 4 3 1 6 1 _ - - - 6 1 - - 1 1 - - 2 3 3 1 1 4 4 7 7 2 - - - - - 1 4 1 - - - 2 30 12 - - 11 6 1 1 5 - 2 2 12 3 3 - - - - - - - and 6 6 1 1 - - S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s , m a c h in e 3 b / __________ __ _ ________ M en 3 b / __________________________________________ __ _ F o l d e r s , g a r m e n t (a ll w o m e n ) 3 b / __ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (a ll w o m e n ) 3 h j _______________ J a n it o r s 3 a / _ __________________________________ W o m e n 3 a / ____________________ _____ ____ M e n 3 a /7 H _______ ________________ _____ ~ — M a r k e r s (7 m e n and 1 w o m a n )3 a / ________ ___ R e p a ir m e n , se w in g m a c h in e (a ll m e n )^ _ a /____ S e w in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s (a ll w o m e n ) M >/4 — D u n g a r e e s 3 b / _________ __ __ __ __ ----S p r e a d e r s (a ll m e n ) 3 b / „ ____ _____________ ___ W o rk d i s t r ib u t o r s 3 a / ___________________ ____ M e n 3 a / ....................................................................... 1 2 3 4 1 7 3 7 2 5 1 1 1 12 - - - 61 31 1 1 1 36 20 1 78 37 6 2 50 17 2 - - - - - - - 850 658 2 22 14 93 62 4 4 68 39 1 14 12 3 7 - 4 - E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . In clu d e s 125 w o r k e r s u n d e r $ 1 .2 5 . I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n of se p a r a te a v e r a g e s by m e th o d o f w ag e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , In clu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n s in a d d ition to th ose sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . and (b) a ll 1 or p r e d o m in a n t ly 6 1 - - in c e n t iv e w ork ers. Table 17. Occupational Earnings: Oklahoma (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k c lo th in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , M a y 1964) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s of— O c c u p a t io n and s e x A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ----------------------------------------W o m e n _________ ___ - — ------------ --------M en ______ _____ _______________________ — N u m b er A v e r a g e h o u r ly of w o r k e r s e a rn in g s 1 $ 1 .2 5 and und er $ 1 .3 0 $ 1.30 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 ' $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1.80 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 (T $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 1.35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 37 26 11 20 16 4 27 12 15 6 2 4 15 6 9 2 2 1 2 26 20 - " 12 8 - 1 2 12 12 4 - 4 " 3 - - 1 ,4 6 8 1 ,2 8 8 180 $ 1.43 1.40 1.64 2 619 590 29 153 140 13 125 116 9 110 100 10 82 69 13 106 79 27 92 70 22 63 58 5 17 14 67 9 16 1 ,0 3 5 656 14 6 17 2.21 1.27 1.33 1.25 1.75 1.40 1.40 1.60 1.44 1.37 11 34 9 463 312 1 2 3 11 105 52 2 6 3 6 100 58 2 2 6 84 48 1 - 6 57 34 2 2 2 4 63 44 4 4 2 4 61 36 2 - 2 3 48 28 - - 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 “ ” " " “ " 1 - “ ~ " “ “ S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s , m a ch in e (a ll m e n ) V --------------------------F o l d e r s , g a r m e n t, h and (a ll w o m e n )^ _ b /______ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (a ll w o m e n ) 3 b / ----------------------J a n it o r s (a ll m e n )^ _ a /-------------------------------------------R e p a ir m e n , se w in g m a c h in e (a ll m e n ) _ a / -----S e w in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s (a ll w o m e n ) H > /4 — D u n g a r e e s 3 b / „ __ _ ----------------------------------S p r e a d e r s (a ll m e n ) 3 a / ---------- — -------- S to ck c l e r k s (a ll m e n ) 3 a / ------------------------------------W o rk d is t r ib u t o r s (13 m e n and 4 w o m e n ) 3 a /_ . ' 1 2 3 4 - 4 4 - ~ - - " " “ " E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . In clu d e s 2 w o r k e r s at $ 1 .1 0 t o $ 1 .1 5 . I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n of se p a r a te a v e r a g e s by m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , In clu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n s in a d d ition to th o se sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . - _ and (b) a ll or p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w ork ers. Table 18. Occupational Earnings: Pennsylvania (N u m b e r an d a v e r a g e Num O c c u p a t io n and s e x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ______ W o m e n -------------------------------M e n _________________________ s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , A ver - h o u r ly of w ork - e a rn ei s m gs M ay 1964) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g str a ig h t -tim e : h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f$1.25 $1.30 $1.35 $1.40 $1.4 5 $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $ 1.80 $ 1.90 $2.00 $2. 10 $2.2 0 $ 2.30 $ 2.40 $2.5 0 $ 2.60 $ 2.70 $2.8 0 $ 2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 und er $1.30 $1.35 $1.40 $1.45 $1.5 0 $ 1.60 $ 1.70 $1.80 $ 1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $ 2.30 $ 2.40 $ 2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $ 2.80 $ 2.90 $ 3.00 $3.10 $3.20 o v e r and $ 2.20 1, 599 $1.56 1.51 1, 391 208 1.86 2 341 330 11 184 175 9 164 139 25 145 130 15 73 66 7 170 150 20 117 105 12 121 99 22 72 67 5 44 35 9 48 34 14 37 23 14 18 12 6 11 9 2 9 2 7 15 7 8 5 2 3 1 _ 1 7 4 3 2 _ 2 6 2 4 5 _ 5 4 _ 4 26 2.15 - - 4 - - - - 1 - 2 - 10 1 - 1 4 - - 2 - - 1 - 53 18 35 1.48 1.44 1.50 11 2 9 2 2 10 5 5 10 8 2 10 1 9 1 1 - - 3 3 - 3 3 - 1 1 2 1 1 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s , m a ch in e (a ll m en) 3 a / _____________________ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (49 w o m e n and 4 m e n )-----------------------------------T im e _______________________ In ce n tiv e __________________ M a r k e r s (5 m e n and 2 w om en ) 3 a / -----------------------P r e s s e r s , fin is h , hand (a ll w o m e n ) 3 a / _____________ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e (33 w o m e n and 17 m en) 3 b / _____________ R e p a ir m e n , sew in g m a c h in e ( a ll m en ) 3 a / --------S e w in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s 3 b / 4 --------------------W o m e n --------------------------T im e ________________ In ce n tiv e ----------------M en 3 b / ------------------------O v e r a lls and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t s (2 5 3 w o m e n and 4 m en) 3 b / __________ W o rk pants (a ll w om en ) 3b / ----------------------S p r e a d e r s (1 0 m e n and 2 w o m e n ) 3 a / _______________ T h re a d t r i m m e r s (a ll w o m e n )_______________________ In ce n tiv e __________________ W a tch m e n (a ll m en) 3 a / _____ W o rk d is t r ib u t o r s (3 3 m e n and 5 w o m e n ) 3 a / ------------------------ 1 2 3 4 7 2.05 - - - - - - - - 2 1 1 1 2 - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 1.33 2 5 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 - 1.67 16 2 2 6 1 2 4 5 - - 4 1 1 - - 2 1 - 1 - - 2 10 2.39 - - - - - - 1 1 1 - 2 - - - 2 - - 1 - - - 1 1 1, 153 1, 137 154 983 16 1.53 1.53 1.34 1.56 2.07 256 256 29 227 - 149 149 90 59 - 99 99 6 93 - 96 96 27 69 - 54 54 1 53 - 125 125 125 - 90 90 1 89 - 101 92 92 9 59 59 59 - 30 30 30 - 30 29 29 1 22 22 22 - 10 10 10 - 9 9 9 - 6 2 2 4 7 7 7 - 4 2 2 2 _ _ _ - 4 4 4 - _ - 2 2 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 257 1.52 28 91 14 25 6 20 13 24 16 5 3 3 3 _ - 2 2 - - - 2 - - 390 1.48 106 43 48 26 23 40 29 40 15 10 1 2 - 4 - 1 2 - - - - - - 12 1.95 - - - - - 1 - 3 2 1 2 - 1 - - 2 - - - - - - - 55 36 6 1.32 1.34 1.29 35 21 3 9 5 3 1 1 - 3 2 - 2 2 - 2 2 - 2 2 - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - . _ - 38 1.42 3 1 16 5 3 7 3 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w ork on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . In clu d e s 2 w o r k e r s r e p o r t e d a s le a r n e r s un d er $1.25. I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r ra n t p r e s e n ta tio n o f se p a ra te a v e r a g e s b y m eth od o f w a g e p a y m en t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n tly t im e w o r k e r s , In clu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i fic a t i o n s in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . and (b) a ll or p r e d o m in a n tly in ce n tiv e w ork ers. Table 19. Occupational Earnings: Tennessee ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h in g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , M ay 1964) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f— O c c u p a t io n and s e x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s . __________________________ W o m e n ___________________________________________ M e n ______________________________________________ N u m b er of w ork ers A v e ra g e $1.2 5 $ 1.30 h ou rly and e a r n in g s 1 2 und er $ 1.30 $1.3 5 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $ 1.50 $1.6 0 $1.7 0 $ 1.80 $1.9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $2.2 0 $2.3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $2.5 0 $2.6 0 $ 2.7 0 $2.80 $1.4 0 $ 1 .4 5 $1.50 $ 1.7 0 $ 1.8 0 $1.9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2.2 0 $ 2.30 $2.4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $2.6 0 $2.7 0 $ 2 .8 0 over and $1.60 8, 318 7, 205 1 ,1 1 3 $ 1. 39 1. 38 1. 49 2 3482 3194 288 1069 935 134 882 769 113 619 485 134 446 384 62 696 615 81 421 357 64 331 240 91 140 104 36 90 61 29 60 35 25 37 13 24 17 9 8 4 _ 4 3 2 1 7 1 6 3 _ 3 7 1 6 4 _ 4 103 86 17 47 41 409 400 67 49 18 47 38 9 1. 70 1. 65 1. 94 1. 39 1. 39 1 .4 0 1 .4 0 1. 29 1. 30 1. 27 1. 53 1. 56 1. 44 _ . 26 24 174 168 39 25 14 13 9 4 1 _ 1 . _ 45 43 13 11 2 1 1 . 4 4 . 5 3 48 47 8 6 2 2 2 _ 6 6 . 1 31 31 1 1 . 5 3 2 9 8 1 4 4 25 25 5 5 . 2 2 . 20 18 2 6 6 25 25 1 1 . 1 1 . 14 14 3 2 30 30 7 7 . 17 16 1 12 12 13 10 3 8 8 7 7 - 7 5 2 4 4 _ _ _ . 6 4 2 7 7 1 1 - 9 3 6 2 2 . _ . 2 2 1 1 2 2 _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 157 85 72 76 1. 54 1. 53 1. 58 1 .4 7 1. 94 5 29 21 8 - 1 18 1 17 5 2 19 7 12 - _ 21 7 14 3 1 9 5 4 - 2 5 4 1 7 11 8 3 6 11 10 1 11 1 19 8 11 9 7 7 . 4 1 4 4 _ 6 . 3 3 . 9 1 1 1 . 3 _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ 3 _ . 1 1 _ _ 5 _ _ _ _ 2 6, 066 6, 022 1, 330 1. 38 1. 38 1. 40 2687 2675 506 770 769 197 615 604 128 417 415 107 331 327 66 548 536 128 307 305 81 211 211 55 76 76 31 55 55 18 28 28 7 11 11 3 7 7 3 - 2 2 - 1 1 - - - - 1. 34 614 54 95 61 30 70 15 36 7 3 3 - - - - - - - - 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 38 38 42 37 77 47 54 35 7 57 438 23 23 . 4 3 1 396 73 18 18 _ 5 2 3 248 96 26 26 _ 7 3 4 119 54 5 5 _ 1 1 - 135 56 1 . 1 _ - 164 101 5 2 3 . - 125 40 6 6 2 1 1 59 22 8 6 2 3 3 - 15 5 1 1 1 1 - 8 10 3 3 - 6 6 2 2 2 2 - 4 2 - - - - - - - _ - 113 1. 36 56 22 4 6 4 17 2 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - 32 32 24 8 19 165 117 48 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 10 21 17 4 10 39 38 1 6 7 7 _ 5 19 13 6 4 _ _ . 54 27 27 _ _ _ 29 29 5 2 _ 2 _ 12 9 3 3 _ _ 3 5 1 3 1 2 2 2 _ 2 1 2 . _ 3 _ - _ _ . - - - _ - - - - - - - 1 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s , m a ch in e (a ll m e n ) ---------------------------------T im e --------------------------------------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e _________________________________________ F o ld e r s , g a r m e n t (a ll w om en ) 3 b / 4 -------------------Hand 3 b / -------------------------------------------------------------I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (407 w o m e n and 2 m e n ) --------I n c e n t iv e -------------------------------------------------------------J a n it o r s 3 a / --------------------------------------------------------------M en 3 a7"__________________________________________ W o m e n 3 a / ----------------------------------------------------------M a r k e r s 3 a7~------------------------------------------------------------M e n 3 a7~---------------------------------------------------------------W o m e n 3 a/ ---------------------------------------------------------P r e s s e r s , fin is h , hand (13 w o m e n and 1 m an) 3 b / -----------------------------------------------------P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e 3 b / ---------------------------M en 3 b / __________________________________________ W o m e n 3 b / ----------------------------------------------------------R e p a ir m e n , se w in g m a c h in e ( a ll m e n ) 3 a / -------S e w in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s (6, 048 w o m e n and 18 m en ) 4 ______________________________________ I n c e n t iv e --------------------------------------------------------D u n g a r e e s (a ll w o m e n ) 3 b / -----------------------------O v e r a lls and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t s (a ll w om en ) 3 b / -----------------------------------------------W ork pants (2, 018 w o m e n and 18 m en ) 3 b / -----------------------------------------------W o rk s h ir t s (a ll w o m e n ) 3 b / --------------------------S p r e a d e r s (91 m e n and 7 w o m e n )-----------------------T im e --------------------------------------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e --------------------------------------------------------------S to ck c l e r k s 3 a / -----------------------------------------------------M en 3 a/ __________________________________________ W o m e n 3 a / ----------------------------------------------------------T h re a d t r i m m e r s (8 4 w o m e n and 29 m e n ) 3 b / ------------------------------------------------- --------- U n d e r p r e s s e r s , hand (2 8 w o m e n and 4 m en ) 3 b / -----------------------------------------------------U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h in e 3 b / ------------------------------W om en 3 b / ----------------------------------------------------------M en 3 b /T I ------------------------------------------------------------W a tch m en (a ll m en ) 3 a / ----------------------------------------W o rk d is t r ib u t o r s 3 aJ~Z ------------------------------------------M en 3 a/ ---------------------------------------------------------------W o m e n 3 a / ----------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 988 2, 036 903 98 86 12 25 16 9 41 32 29 43 33 36 35 42 _ E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . In clu d e s 130 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1. 25. I n s u ffic ie n t d a ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f se p a r a te a v e r a g e s by m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t; In clu d e s da ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n s in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . - 5 (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n tly t im e w o r k e r s , and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . Table 20. Occupational Earnings: Texas ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , J u n e 1964) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f — O c c u p a t io n and se x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s _____________________ W o m e n ____________________________________ M e n ________________________________________ of w ork ers h o u r ly U n der e a rn in g s 1 $1. 25 $1. 25 $1. 30 ~$1. 3 5 $1. 40 $1. 45 $1. 50 $1. 60 $1. 70 and u n d er $1. 30 $1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $1. 45 $1. 50 $1. 60 $1. 70 $1. 80 $1. 80 $1. 90 $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30” $2. 40 $2. 50 $2. 60 $2770" Jz7< $1. 90 $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2. 50 $2. 60 $2. 70 $2. 80 ove an( 6, 807 5 ,9 8 9 818 $1. 36 1. 34 1. 49 298 298 - 3720 3388 332 549 483 66 553 473 80 314 253 61 288 262 26 362 325 37 244 199 45 134 104 30 126 86 40 85 54 31 52 45 7 24 11 13 13 5 8 11 2 9 5 _ 5 7 1 6 3 3 13 13 6 6 73 24 49 41 27 14 255 208 53 42 11 22 10 12 109 67 42 1. 88 1. 79 1 .9 3 1. 36 1. 39 1. 31 1. 33 1. 34 1. 29 1. 30 1. 25 1. 70 1. 67 1. 73 1. 48 1. 43 1. 56 _ 10 10 - 21 14 7 146 99 33 22 11 2 2 36 23 13 _ 5 2 3 22 22 9 9 2 2 6 6 - 3 3 28 28 7 7 1 1 8 6 2 8 2 6 2 2 4 4 2 2 9 3 6 1 1 3 1 2 15 15 8 6 2 4 2 2 4 4 13 4 9 - 6 4 2 1 1 16 4 12 - 7 4 3 2 2 3 2 1 - 1 1 - - 3 3 - 4 2 2 - 2 2 - - 10 10 2 2 15 13 2 11 11 - 4 4 - 2 2 - 3 3 - - - - - - - - 5 5 - - 4 4 9 3 6 6 4 2 2 2 - 3 3 4 2 2 8 5 3 1 1 3 3 2 2 - 1 1 1 1 - - - - - S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s , m a c h in e (69 m e n and 4 w o m e n ) ____________________________________ T im e _______________________________________ I n c e n t iv e ___________________________________ F o l d e r s , g a r m e n t 2b / _______________________ Hand (2 4 w o m e n and 3 m en ) 2b / _______ M a ch in e (1 2 m e n and 2 w o m e n ) 2b / ____ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l ( a ll w o m e n )______________ I n c e n t iv e ___________________________________ J a n ito r s 2a / ____________________________________ M en za J ____________________________________ W o m e n 2a / _________________________________ M a r k e r s ( a ll m e n ) ___________________________ T i m e ................... ..................................................... I n c e n t iv e ___________________________________ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e 2b / ____________ W o m e n 2b / _________________________________ M e n 2 / ~ __________________________________ b R e p a ir m e n , sew in g m a ch in e ( a ll m en ) za /_________________________________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (4 , 826 w o m e n and 26 m en ) 2b / 3__________________ D u n g a r e e s (2 , 237 w o m e n and 14 m en ) 2b / ______________________________ W a sh a b le s e r v i c e a p p a r e l (a ll w o m e n ) 2b / ______________________________ W o r k pa n ts (1 , 348 w o m e n and 6 m en ) 2b / ________________________________ W o r k s h ir t s (a ll w o m e n ) 2b / ____________ S p r e a d e r s (66 m e n and 9 w o m e n )_________ T i m e -----------------------------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e ___________________________________ S to c k c l e r k s (1 8 m e n and 2 w o m e n ) 2a / ________________________________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , hand (1 6 w o m e n and 4 m en ) 2b / ______________________________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h in e (1 3 w o m e n and 2 m en ) 2b / ______________________________ W a tch m e n (a ll m en) 2a / _____________________ W o rk d i s t r ib u t o r s 2a 7 7 ______________________ M en 2a / ____________________________________ W om en 2a / _________________________________ 1 2 3 4 49 2. 24 - - - 2 - - 1 2 2 5 5 - 5 4 4 1 4 2 8 4 4, 852 1. 34 66 2966 400 360 212 208 249 151 67 77 36 41 11 5 2 - 1 - - - 2, 251 1. 34 66 1421 144 163 77 100 98 63 26 35 22 32 2 1 - - 1 - - - 238 1. 29 - 194 16 4 2 4 8 6 4 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 35 36 48 31 56 _ - 777 233 20 13 7 148 31 13 6 7 117 35 6 6 65 35 3 2 1 58 24 4 4 69 43 7 3 4 51 15 6 6 20 10 6 6 20 4 6 6 8 3 2 2 7 2 - 8 1 2 2 4 - 2 - - - - - - 20 1. 38 - 7 3 4 2 - 2 - - 2 - - - - - - - - - - 20 1. 58 - 4 2 2 2 - - 2 4 - 2 2 - - - - - - - - 42 - 6 6 110 99 11 2 4 9 8 1 3 10 10 - 18 13 5 1 - 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1, 354 436 75 24 51 15 10 148 131 17 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 28 27 28 28 30 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w ork on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r ra n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f sep a ra te a v e r a g e s by m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m en t; (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , I n clu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i fic a t i o n s in addition to t h o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . W o r k e r s w e r e at $0. 90 to $0. 95. and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in ce n tiv e w o r k e r s . GO CO Table 21. Occupational Earnings: Virginia C O ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s i n s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , Ju n e 1964) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f O cc u p a tio n and s e x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s W om en M e n _______________________________________ of w ork er s Av e r ag e $1. 25 h o u r ly ea rn in g s 1 2 un d er $1. 30 $1. 40 $1. 45 $1. 50 $1. 60 $1. 70 $1. 80 $1. 90 $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $1. 35 $1. 40 $ 1 .4 5 $1. 50 $1. 60 $1. 70 $1. 80 $ 1 .9 0 $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $1. 30 $1. 35 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2. 50 $2. 60 $2. 70 $2. 40 $2. 50 $2. 60 $2. 70 over and 4 , 146 3, 598 548 $1. 40 1. 38 1. 55 219 7 1 1836 135 416 353 63 322 220 102 238 214 24 222 194 28 342 320 22 198 174 24 130 111 19 130 93 37 54 33 21 38 19 19 31 15 16 14 8 6 12 6 6 7 2 5 9 9 4 4 8 8 53 20 33 1 .9 3 1. 71 2. 06 1 1 _ _ 1 1 - _ 1 1 - 6 3 3 7 7 1 1 - 13 13 - 5 5 6 6 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 3 3 43 44 30 32 28 93 90 85 14 7 7 27 7 12 7 5 13 8 _ _ _ 15 9 3 3 19 17 3 3 12 10 _ - _ - 2 2 _ - 3 3 _ 1 _ - _ - _ - - 2 2 _ 1 _ - - 11 11 _ _ 2 8 8 _ _ - 29 23 _ . 1 - " 14 1. 45 4 1 1 2 1 3 57 1. 49 20 6 8 4 2 2 39 2. 04 " - " 2 2 2 4 5 5 1 7 2, 920 1. 39 1480 275 182 176 159 271 145 96 78 28 11 12 1. 40 410 106 67 63 43 84 56 36 25 11 7 6 2 1. 1. 1. 1. 37 38 56 38 40 886 8 1 5 151 5 2 6 100 1 14 95 5 3 5 101 3 9 162 - 2 81 1 3 52 1 - - 1 2 - - - 6 1 3 1 2 - - - 13 7 1. 34 1. 33 5 2 3 2 2 - - " 2 4 - “ 87 1. 33 28 13 34 4 6 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s , m a ch in e (5 2 m e n and 1 w om a n ) _ . ........ T i m e ______________________________________ In cen t iv e __________________________________ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (229 w o m e n and 3 m e n )______________________________________ I n c e n t iv e __________________________________ J a n it o r s 3a / __________________________________ M en 3a7” W o m e n 3a / ________________________________ M a r k e r s (a ll m en) 3a / ______________________ P r e s s e r s , fin is h , hand (8 m e n and 6 w o m e n ) 3 / _______________________________ b P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h in e (45 w o m e n and 12 m en ) 3b / ____________________________ R e p a ir m e n , sew in g m a c h in e (a ll m en ) 3a / ________________________________ S e w in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s (2 ,9 1 8 w o m e n and 2 m en ) 3h / 4 .. . W o r k pa nts (9 1 4 w o m e n and 2 m en ) 3b / _______________________________ O v e r a l ls and in d u s t r ia l g a r m e n t s (a ll w om en ) 3b / D u n g a r e e s (a ll w o m e n ) 3h / S p r e a d e r s (30 m e n and 1 w om a n ) 3b / ____ S to c k c l e r k s (8 m e n and 2 w o m e n ) 3 a /___ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a c h in e (1 0 w o m e n and 3 m en) 3b / --------------------------------------------W a tch m en (a ll m en ) 3a / ------------------------------W o rk d i s t r ib u t o r s (8^~m en and 1 w om a n ! 3a / ... _ 1 2 3 4 232 186 32 20 12 8 916 85 1 ,7 0 3 31 10 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. - - 47 6 - 2 6 15 3 - 2 _ " - - - " - _ _ _ - - 2 - - - 2 " 3 2 3 1 5 2 - - - - - - - " " " _ - - - - (a) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , _ - - - “ _ - - - - - • E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t i m e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . In clu d es 153 w o r k e r s u n d e r $ 1 .2 5 . I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w ag e p a y m e n t; In clu d e s da ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n s in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 5 * - 2 1 1 _ 3 “ " _ _ _ “ _ ' _ _ and (b) a ll o r p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s . Table 22. Minimum Rates1 (N u m b e r o f w o r k c lo th in g m a n u fa c t u r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d ie d b y m in im u m h o u r ly e n t r a n c e an d jo b r a t e s o f t i m e - r a t e d p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s , U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y —J u n e 1 9 6 4 ) U nited Sta tes 2 M in im u m ra te E s ta b lis h m e n t s stu d ie d E n tra n ce ra te _ . _ J ob ra te M id d le A tla n tic B o r d e r Sta tes E n tr a n c e ra te Job ra te 14 35 E n tr a n c e ra te S ou th ea st Job ra te E n tr a n c e ra te 35 67 S ou th w est J ob ra te M id d le W est G r e a t L ak es E n tr a n c e ra te Job ra te E n tra n ce ra te 67 33 33 23 23 J ob ra te P a c if i c J ob ra te E n tra n ce ra te 31 31 12 12 Job ra te 221 213 14 14 32 32 66 66 32 32 22 22 31 31 11 10 175 3 10 3 6 3 3 1 4 1 4 14 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 _ _ 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ 32 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ 32 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 66 _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ 59 32 _ _ 32 22 18 11 3 6 9 7 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 1 4 2 4 _ _ - - - - - - - - - 2 7 E s ta b lis h m e n t s h a vin g no e s t a b lis h e d m in i m u m __ _ ___ 14 201 1 4 3 4 . . _ _ _ 1 $ 1 . 2 5 _____ ... . O v e r $1. 25 and u n d e r $1. 30 . $1. 3 0 _____ ... ...................... O v e r $1. 30 and u n d e r $1. 35 . $1. 3 5 _____.... $1. 375____ ... ._ $1 - 40 $ 1 .4 3 $1. 45 . S i. 47 _ $1. 50 and o v e r 221 214 E s ta b lis h m e n t s h a vin g an e s t a b lis h e d m in i m u m . . . . . ... 8 - 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 _ 1 _ _ 1 1 2 2 _ 1 M in im u m h o u r ly e n t r a n c e and jo b ra te s r e f e r to the lo w e s t r a te s fo r m a l ly e s t a b lis h e d fo r in e x p e r ie n c e d and e x p e r ie n c e d t im e - r a t e d w o r k e r s , and r e la t e d o c c u p a t io n s in the e s t a b lis h m e n t , e x ce p t w a tch m en , a p p r e n t ic e s , h a n d ica p p e d , and su p era n n u a ted w o r k e r s . 2 In clu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . E n tr a n c e ra te - 1 4 1 1 1 1 - - 1 2 r e s p e c t i v e ly , in u n s k ille d p r o d u c tio n 1 ,ble 23. Method of Wage Payment (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in w o r k clo th in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y m eth od o f w a g e p a y m e n t, U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y — June 1964) U n ited S ta tes 2 M eth od o f w ag e p a y m e n t1 A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s __________________________ M id d le A tla n tic B order S tates S ou th ea st S ou th w est G re a t L a k es M id d le W est 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 I n ce n tiv e w o r k e r s _________________________________ I n d iv id u a l p ie c e w o r k . . . . G ro u p p ie c e w o r k I n d iv id u a l bonus . . .. . . .. G ro u p b o n u s ____________________________________ 84 75 1 8 ( 3) 65 65 T im e -r a t e d w o rk e rs _ .... F o r m a l p la n s _ ............................. S in g le ra te ... _ ... _ __ . R a n g e o f ra te s ... __. In d iv id u a l r a t e s ________________________________ 16 5 2 3 11 35 - 86 55 ( 3) 31 ( 3) _ - 35 84 83 ( 3) 14 7 3 4 7 - 88 82 1 4 ( 3) 12 1 1 1 10 P a c ific 100 85 78 1 4 2 85 85 ( 3) ( 3) 71 54 ( 3) 17 1 16 5 3 2 12 29 8 1 7 21 15 11 2 10 4 15 9 7 2 6 - 1 F o r d e fin itio n o f m eth od o f w age p a y m e n t, se e a p p en d ix A. 2 In clu d e s data fo r r e g io n s in addition to th o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . NO TE: B e c au se o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m ay not eq u al to ta ls. 00 O n Table 24. Scheduled Weekly Hours 00 O N ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in w o r k c l o t h i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s , 1 U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y —J u n e 1 9 6 4 ) W e e k ly h ou rs U nited States 2 A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ----------------------------------------- 100 U n d er 3 7 V2 h o u r s __________________________________ 3 7 V2 h o u r s __________________________________________ 40 h o u r s ____________________________________________ 41 h o u r s ____________________________________________ 44 h o u r s ____________________________________________ B order State s 100 ( 3) ( 3) 97 1 1 S ou th ea st S ou th w est G re a t L a k es 100 M id d le A tla n tic 100 100 100 100 100 5 95 _ 3 _ 97 _ _ 100 _ _ _ _ _ 100 _ 96 4 100 _ 93 _ 7 M id d le W est P a c ific 1 D ata r e la t e to the p r e d o m in a n t w o r k sch ed u le fo r fu l l- t im e d a y -s h ift w o r k e r s in e a c h e s t a b lis h m e n t . 2 In clu d e s da ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u a l t o t a ls . Table 25. Paid Holidays (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o rk clo th in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith fo r m a l p r o v is i o n s fo r p a id h o lid a y s , U nited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y — June 1964) A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s day .. _ _ d a y s _______________________________ ____________ days _ _. _ d a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y _________________________ d a y s ___________________________________________ d a y s ___________________________________________ d a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y _________________________ d a y s _____________________ ____ _________________ d a y s ___________________________________________ d a y s ___________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id h o l i d a y s _________________________________ M id d le A tla n tic 100 _ W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id h o l i d a y s _____________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 66 94 69 51 60 90 96 98 _ _ 3 1 8 9 2 2 16 1 12 - _ 4 _ _ 3 _ 9 31 16 - " 49 (1 2) 4 4 1 4 25 1 25 1 ( 2) B e c au se o f ro u n d in g , su m s - - 4 14 69 7 2 42 20 1 1 6 34 1 I n clu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o se 2 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . NO TE: B order Sta tes U nited S t a te s 1 N u m b e r o f pa id h o lid a y s 31 show n s e p a r a t e ly . o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m ay not eq u al to ta ls. S ou th ea st S ou th w est G re a t L a k es P a c ific - - 2 45 5 38 - 9 21 64 - _ 65 33 - - - 40 10 4 - - M id d le W e st 2 Table 26. Paid Vacations ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o r k c lo th in g m a n u f a c t u r in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p a id v a c a t i o n s , a f t e r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e , U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , M a y —J u n e 1 9 6 4 ) U nited Sta tes 1 V a c a tio n p o lic y A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ___________________________ M idd le A tla n tic B order S ta tes S ou th ea st S ou th w est G re a t L ak es M id d le W est P a c ifi c 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 91 31 56 2 2 94 71 18 4 93 26 61 1 5 84 24 57 3 - 95 41 49 2 3 97 30 55 _ 12 100 29 71 _ _ 98 34 63 _ _ 9 6 7 16 5 3 80 2 8 (3 ) 27 7 60 - 85 6 _ - 73 _ 11 - 86 2 7 - 90 _ _ 7 99 _ 1 - 98 _ _ - 55 6 30 (3 ) 23 7 64 - 48 17 28 - 60 4 21 - 64 2 29 - 73 8 10 7 51 _ 49 - 19 _ 79 - 26 1 63 1 (3) _ 7 87 _ - 30 2 61 _ - 34 _ 50 _ - 36 2 58 _ - 1 _ 83 13 - 8 . 92 _ - _ 98 . - 2 57 6 1 _ 7 87 - 30 2 41 20 - 34 _ 46 4 - 36 2 58 - 1 _ 75 21 - 8 _ 83 _ 9 _ 95 _ 2 26 1 53 4 6 1 _ 7 87 _ _ - 30 2 41 20 _ - 34 _ 44 _ 6 - 36 2 58 _ _ - 1 _ 58 13 17 8 8 _ 70 _ 22 - _ 85 _ 13 - 26 1 53 4 4 2 1 _ 7 81 _ 6 _ 30 2 41 20 _ 34 44 _ 2 4 36 2 58 _ _ 8 _ 70 _ 22 _ . _ 85 _ 13 _ - - 1 58 13 5 8 11 - - M eth od o f p a y m en t W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g pa id v a c a t i o n s -----------------------------------------------------L e n g t h - o f-t i m e p a y m e n t _____________________ P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t___________________________ F la t -s u m p a y m e n t -------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g no p a id v a c a t i o n s ------------------------------------------------- 2 A m ou n t o f v a c a t io n pay 2 A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s _______________________ A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ______________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d er 3 w e e k s _______________ ______ 2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and un d er 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ______________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------A fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k _______________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s _______________________ 3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------A fte r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s _______________________ 2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------3 w e e k s _____________________________________________ O v e r 3 and u n d er 4 w e e k s _______________________ _ _ _ A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 4 1 w e e k ______________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s _______________________ 2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and u n d er 4 w e e k s -----------------------------------4 w e e k s _____________________________________________ 1 In clu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o se sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . 2 V a c a t io n p a y m en ts su ch as p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s and f l a t - s u m a m ou n ts w e r e c o n v e r te d to an e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s is . P e rio d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b it r a r ily ch o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r i ly r e f le c t the in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t p r o v is i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n . F o r e x a m p le , c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t io n s in d ic a te d at 5 y e a r s m ay in clu d e c h a n g e s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 3 and 5 y e a r s . L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . 4 V a ca tio n p r o v is io n s w e r e v ir t u a lly the sa m e a ft e r lo n g e r p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e . NO TE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n ot e q u a l t o t a ls . CO < 1 Table 27. Health, Insurance, Pension, and Severance Plans CO o> (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w ork clo th in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith s p e c i fie d h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , p e n s io n , and s e v e r a n c e p la n s, U nited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , M ay^June 1964) United S tates 2 T y p e o f plan 1 A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s __ - _____ — ____ M id d le A tla n tic B order Sta tes S ou th ea st 100 100 100 100 100 S ou th w est G rea t Lakes M id d le W est 100 100 100 80 P a c if i c W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L ife in s u r a n c e _ _ A c c id e n t a l d ea th and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e ____________ _____ __________ _ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u ra n ce o r s i c k le a v e o r b o t h 3 _______________ ______ S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e . S ic k le a v e (fu ll p a y , no w a itin g p e r io d ) ____ _ __ __ __ __ ___ S ic k le a v e (p a r t ia l p a y o r w aitin g p e r io d ! H o s p ita liz a t io n in s u r a n c e S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e _____________________ ______ M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e ______________________________ C a t a s t r o p h e in s u r a n c e ____________ __________ R e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n ____________________________ R e t ir e m e n t s e v e r a n c e p a y _ N o p l a n s .. __ ____ __ ___ __ __ 71 63 52 73 82 77 69 34 _ 31 42 34 49 3 37 29 28 68 68 10 10 21 21 31 31 57 55 33 26 58 53 (4 ) 1 78 73 29 2 25 3 15 - - - - - - 5 62 57 26 . 62 32 65 63 34 _ 13 33 85 74 28 1 16 2 7 84 84 20 . 35 7 16 2 60 60 22 11 18 13 17 6 66 66 36 _ 26 1 10 . 98 98 55 5 74 _ 2 1 I n clu d e s o n ly th o s e pla n s fo r w h ich at le a s t p a rt o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r and e x c lu d e s le g a lly r e q u ir e d pla n s su ch as w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n and s o c ia l s e c u r it y ; h o w e v e r , p la n s r e q u ir e d b y State t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e la w s a re in clu d e d if the e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t e s m o r e than is le g a lly r e q u ir e d o r the e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e b e n e fit s in e x c e s s o f the le g a l r e q u ir e m e n t s . 2 I n clu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th ose show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 U n d u p lic a te d t o ta l of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 4 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . Table 28. Nonproduction Bonuses (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o r k clo th in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith s p e c i fie d ty p e s of n o n p ro d u c tio n b o n u s e s , United S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g io n s , M ay—June 1964) United S tates 1 M id d le A tla n tic B order S ta tes S ou th ea st ------------------------ --- 100 100 100 100 W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s --------------------------------------C h r is t m a s o r y e a r e n d ________________________ P r o f i t s h a r i n g __________________________________ 39 35 4 18 18 - 38 38 - W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t w ith no n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s __________________________ 61 . 82 62 T y p e o f bonus A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s — _ 1 I n clu d e s data f o r r e g io n s in a d d ition to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . G rea t L a k es M id d le W est 100 100 100 100 43 38 5 35 35 33 7 26 22 21 1 80 80 - 57 65 67 78 20 S ou th w est P a c if i c Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey Scope of S u rv ey T h e s u r v e y i n c l u d e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g m e n ' s an d b o y s' w o rk s h ir t s , p a n ts, and o th er w o r k clo th in g and w a sh a b le s e r v i c e a p p a r e l (in d u stry 2328 a s d e f i n e d in th e 1957 e d i t i o n o f th e S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l , p r e p a r e d b y th e U . S. B u r e a u of the B u d g e t ) . S e p a r a t e a u x ilia r y u n its su ch a s c e n tr a l o f fic e s w e r e e x c lu d e d . T h e e sta b lish m e n ts stu d ied w e re se le c te d fro m th o se em p lo y in g a t th e t i m e o f r e f e r e n c e o f th e d a t a u s e d in c o m p i l i n g th e u n i v e r s e l i s t s . 20 w o r k e r s or m ore T h e n u m b e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s a c t u a l l y s t u d i e d b y th e B u r e a u , a s w e l l a s th e n u m b e r e s t i m a t e d to b e w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y d u r i n g th e p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d i e d , a r e s h o w n in th e f o l l o w i n g t a b l e : E stim a te d N u m b e r o f E sta b lish m e n ts an d W o rk C lo t h in g W o rk e rs W ith in S c o p e M a n u fa c tu r in g , o f Su rv e y M a y —J u n e an d N u m b e r S tu d ie d , 1964* W o rk ers N u m b e r o f e sta b lish m e n ts2 W ith in in sco p e e sta b lish m e n ts o f stu d y S tu d ie d W ith in R e g io n 1 an d S tate sco p e S tu d ie d N o n s u p e r v iso ry of T o ta l3 stu d y T o ta l P ro d u c tio n O ffic e w ork ers w ork ers 4 U n ite d ------------------------------------- S tates 221 337 6 2 ,2 6 5 57, 669 1 ,9 0 0 4 8 ,5 7 1 1 ,6 6 1 A t l a n t i c ----------------------------------------------- 29 14 2 ,3 9 3 2, 186 62 P e n n s y l v a n i a ----------------------------------------------- 19 11 1 ,7 2 8 1, 599 34 1 ,3 6 1 B o r d e r S t a t e s ------------------------------------------------------ 48 35 1 0 ,2 7 8 9, 626 244 8 ,7 8 6 K e n t u c k y ------------------------------------------------------ 18 14 4 ,8 0 7 4, 562 94 4 , 111 V i r g i n i a --------------------------------------------------------- 18 14 4, 476 4, 146 130 3 ,9 7 0 S o u t h e a s t -------------------------------------------------------------- 104 67 2 4 ,3 2 6 22, 897 512 1 8 ,5 1 2 M id d le A l a b a m a ------------------------------------------------------ 10 9 2 ,2 1 0 2, 096 42 2, 154 G e o r g i a ----------------------------------------------------------- 33 20 6 ,6 0 7 6, 220 141 4 ,7 2 8 10 4 ,6 0 2 4, 399 72 3 ,4 4 5 M i s s i s s i p p i ---------------------------------------------------- 15 C a r o l i n a ------------------------------------------ 12 7 2 ,0 0 6 1, 864 64 T e n n e s s e e ------------------------------------------------------ 34 21 8 ,9 0 1 8, 318 193 6 ,6 4 1 S o u t h w e s t ------------------------------------------------------------- 56 33 1 2 ,1 5 7 11, 246 404 8, 132 N o rth 1 ,5 4 4 O k l a h o m a ------------------------------------------------------ 10 6 1 ,5 6 6 1, 468 42 945 T e x a s ---------------------------------------------------------------- 32 18 7 ,4 5 3 6, 807 305 4 ,7 5 8 G r e a t L a k e s -------------------------------------------------------- 39 23 4 ,4 1 5 3, 959 194 3 ,3 4 1 I n d i a n a ----------------------------------------------------------- 13 13 2 ,3 6 8 2, 184 63 2 ,3 6 8 e s t ------------------------------------------------------ 34 31 5 ,5 1 2 4, 844 378 5 ,2 1 3 M id d le W M i s s o u r i --------------------------------------------------------- 24 23 4, 308 3 ,7 2 9 329 4 ,2 2 5 P a c i f i c ------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 12 2 ,5 0 2 2, 322 64 2, 382 C a l i f o r n i a ------------------------------------------------------ 12 9 1 ,7 9 4 1, 7 0 2 47 1 ,7 0 9 * T h e re g io n s u se d S ta te s— D e la w a r e , F lo r id a , an d G e o r g ia , T e x as; M is so u r i, G re at in th is stu d y D istric t M ississip p i, N e b rask a, N o rth 2 In c lu d e s o n ly In c lu d e s e x e c u tiv e , N o rth C a r o lin a , In d ia n a , D ak o ta, an d e s t a b lis h m e n t s w it h p r o fe s s io n a l, M id d le K e n tu ck y , S o u th C a r o lin a , M ic h ig a n , So u th 20 A tla n tic — N ew M a ry la n d , an d an d w ork ers o r m o re an d T e n n essee; M in n e so ta , D ak o ta; o th e r w o rk e rs Je rse y , V ir g in ia , O h io , N ew an d a t th e tim e W isc o n sin ; th e M id d le N evad a, o f re fe re n c e fro m an d V ir g in ia ; S o u th w e st— A rk a n sa s, an d P a c ific — C a lifo r n ia , e x c lu d e d Y o rk , W e st o f th e p r o d u c tio n P e n n sy lv a n ia ; L o u is ia n a , O k la h o m a , W e st— Io w a , O rego n , u n iv e r s e an d B o rd er S o u th e a st— A la b a m a , o ffic e an d K an sas, W a sh in g to n . d a ta . w ork er c a te g o r ie s se p a ra te ly . 4 th e in c lu d e d : C o lu m b ia , L a k e s— Illin o is, 3 sh o w n o f In c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se sh o w n stu d y . 39 se p a ra te ly . A la sk a an d H a w a ii w ere not in c lu d e d in 40 M eth o d of Study D a t a w e r e o b t a in e d by p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f ie l d e c o n o m i s t s u n d e r the d i r e c t i o n o f the B u r e a u ’ s A s s i s t a n t R e g i o n a l D i r e c t o r s f o r W a g e s an d I n d u s t r i a l R e l a t i o n s . The survey w a s c o n d u c te d on a s a m p l e b a s i s . To ob tain a p p r o p r ia t e a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o st, a g r e a t e r p r o p o r tio n of l a r g e th an of s m a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s w a s stu d ie d . In c o m b i n i n g t h e d a t a , h o w e v e r, a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w e r e giv en th e ir a p p r o p r ia t e w eigh t. A ll e s tim a te s a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e l a t i n g to a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in th e i n d u s t r y , e x c l u d i n g o n ly t h o s e b e lo w the m i n i m u m s i z e a t the t i m e o f r e f e r e n c e of th e u n i v e r s e d a t a . E s ta b lis h m e n t D efin itio n An e s ta b lis h m e n t, fo r p u r p o s e s of th is stu d y , is d e fin e d a s a s in g le p h y s ic a l lo c a tio n w h ere in d u stria l o p e ratio n s a re p e rfo rm e d . An e sta b lish m e n t is not n e c e s s a r i ly id en tic al w ith the c o m p a n y , w h ic h m a y c o n s i s t o f o n e o r m o r e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . E m p l o y m ent T h e e s t i m a t e s of the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s w ith in the s c o p e o f th e s tu d y a r e in te n d e d a s a g e n e r a l g u id e to th e s i z e an d c o m p o s i t i o n of th e l a b o r f o r c e in c l u d e d in th e s u r v e y . T h e a d v a n c e p la n n in g n e c e s s a r y to m a k e a w a g e s u r v e y r e q u i r e s th e u s e o f l i s t s o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a s s e m b l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d i e d . P ro d u c tio n W o rk e rs T h e t e r m " p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s , " a s u s e d in t h is b u lle t in , i n c l u d e s w o r k i n g f o r e m e n a n d a l l n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s e n g a g e d in n o n o f f i c e f u n c t i o n s . A d m in istra tiv e , ex ecu tiv e, p r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n ic a l p e r s o n n e l, and f o r c e - a c c o u n t c o n str u c tio n e m p lo y e e s w ho w e r e u t iliz e d a s a s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e on the f i r m ’ s ow n p r o p e r t i e s , w e r e e x c lu d e d . O c c u p a tio n s S e le c t e d fo r Study O c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w a s b a s e d on a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s i g n e d to t a k e a c c o u n t o f i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d i n t e r a r e a v a r i a t i o n s in d u t i e s w it h in th e s a m e j o b . (See a p p e n d ix B fo r th e s e jo b d e s c r ip t io n s . ) T h e o c c u p a tio n s w e r e c h o s e n fo r th e ir n u m e r c ia l i m p o r t a n c e , t h e i r u s e f u l n e s s in c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g , o r t h e i r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e n e s s o f th e e n t i r e j o b s c a l e in th e i n d u s t r y . W ork in g s u p e r v i s o r s , a p p r e n t ic e s , l e a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s , t r a in e e s , h a n d i c a p p e d , p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , a n d p r o b a t i o n a r y w o r k e r s w e r e n o t r e p o r t e d in th e d a t a f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s , b u t w e r e i n c l u d e d in th e d a t a f o r a l l p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s . W age D ata T h e w a g e i n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t e s to a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , e x c l u d i n g p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . In cen tiv e p a y m e n ts, su ch a s th o se r e su ltin g fro m p ie c e w o rk o r p ro d u c tio n bonus s y s t e m s and c o s t- o fliv in g b o n u s e s , w e r e in c lu d e d a s p a r t of the w o r k e r s ' r e g u l a r p a y ; b u t n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s p ay m e n ts, su ch a s C h r is tm a s or y e are n d b o n u se s, w e re ex clu d ed . T h e h o u rly e a r n in g s of s a l a r i e d w o r k e r s w e r e o b tain e d by d iv id in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r y by n o r m a l r a th e r than a c t u a l h o u r s . 11 C o m p a r i s o n w ith O th e r S t a t i s t i c s T h e s t r a i g h t - t i m e a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s p r e s e n t e d in t h is b u lle t in d i f f e r in c o n c e p t f r o m th e B u r e a u ' s m o n t h ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s s e r i e s in t h a t th e y e x c l u d e p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s ; th ey w e r e c a lc u la te d by s u m m in g in d iv id u a l h o u r ly e a r n i n g s an d d iv id in g by the n u m b e r o f s u c h i n d iv id u a ls . In t h e m o n th ly s e r i e s , th e s u m o f the m a n - h o u r t o t a l s r e p o r t e d b y e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in th e i n d u s t r y w a s d i v i d e d into th e r e p o r t e d p a y r o l l t o t a l s . T h e e s t i m a t e s o f e m p l o y m e n t s h o w n in t h i s r e p o r t d i f f e r f r o m t h o s e in th e B u r e a u ’ s m o n t h l y e m p l o y m e n t s e r i e s b e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in th e i n d u s t r i a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f a n u m b e r of sa m p le e sta b lish m e n ts. It w a s f o u n d d u r i n g t h e s u r v e y t h a t e s t a b l i s h m e n t s r e p o r t e d r e c e n t p r o d u c t c h a n g e s w h i c h a r e r e f l e c t e d in t h i s s t u d y b u t n o t in th e m o n t h l y s e r i e s . 11 A v e r a g e h o u r ly w ere o b ta in e d by ra te s w e ig h tin g or each e a r n in g s ra te (o r fo r each h o u rly o c c u p a tio n e a r n in g s) by o r o th e r th e grou p num ber o f o f w o rk e rs, w orkers su ch as r e c e iv in g m en , th e w om en , ra te . or p r o d u c t io n w o rk e rs, 41 S ize of C om m u n ity T a b u l a t i o n s b y s i z e o f c o m m u n i t y p e r t a i n to m e t r o p o l i t a n a n d n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . T h e t e r m " m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a , " a s u s e d in th is b u lle tin , r e f e r s to th e S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s , a s d e f in e d b y th e U . S . B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t in 1 9 6 1 . E x c e p t in N ew E n g l a n d , a S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a i s d e f in e d a s a co u n ty o r g ro u p o f co n tig u o u s c o u n tie s w h ich c o n ta in s at l e a s t one c ity of 50, 000 in h a b ita n ts or m ore. C o n t i g u o u s c o u n t i e s to th e o n e c o n t a i n i n g s u c h a c it y a r e i n c l u d e d in a S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a if, a c c o r d i n g to c e r t a i n c r i t e r i a , t h e y a r e e s s e n t i a l l y m e t r o p o l i t a n in c h a r a c t e r an d a r e s o c i a l l y an d e c o n o m i c a l l y i n t e r g r a t e d w ith th e c e n t r a l c it y . In N ew E n g la n d , w h e r e the c ity an d tow n a r e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e l y m o r e i m p o r t a n t th a n th e co u n ty , th e y a r e th e u n i t s u s e d in d e f i n i n g S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s . L ab or-M an agem en t A greem en ts S e p a r a t e w a g e d a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d , w h e r e p o s s i b l e , f o r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h (1 ) a m a j o r i t y o f t h e p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s , a n d (2) n o n e o r a m i n o r i t y of the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s . E sta b lish m e n t P ra c tice s and S u p p le m e n tary W age P ro v isio n s S u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s an d p r a c t i c e s w e r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y on th e b a s i s th a t if f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r s u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s a n d p r a c t i c e s w e r e a p p l i c a b l e to h a l f o r m o r e o f th e p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in a n e s t a b l i s h m e n t , th e p r a c t i c e s o r b e n e f i t s w e r e c o n s i d e r e d a p p l i c a b l e to a l l s u c h w o r k e r s . S i m i l a r l y , if f e w e r th an h a lf of th e w o r k e r s w e r e c o v e r e d , th e p r a c t i c e o r b e n e f i t w a s c o n s i d e r e d n o n e x i s t e n t in th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t . B e c a u s e of len gth o f - s e r v i c e and o th e r e lig ib ilit y r e q u i r e m e n t s , the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g th e b e n e fit s m a y be s m a l l e r th an e s t im a t e d . B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , the s u m s o f in d iv id u a l i t e m s m a y not equal to tals. M i n i m u m R a t e s . M i n i m u m e n t r a n c e r a t e s p r e s e n t e d r e f e r to th e l o w e s t f o r m a l r a t e e s t a b l i s h e d f o r i n e x p e r i e n c e d t i m e - r a t e d p l a n t w o r k e r s in u n s k i l l e d o c c u p a t i o n s . M in im u m j o b r a t e s r e f e r to th e l o w e s t f o r m a l r a t e e s t a b l i s h e d f o r e x p e r i e n c e d t i m e - r a t e d p l a n t w o r k e r s in u n s k i l l e d o c c u p a t i o n s . W atch m en , a p p r e n tic e s , h an d icap p e d , and su p e r a n n u a te d w o r k e r s a r e ex clu d ed fr o m each g ro u p . M eth od of W age P a y m e n t. F o r m a l r a te s t r u c t u r e s fo r t im e - r a t e d w o r k e r s p ro v id e s i n g l e r a t e s o r a r a n g e o f r a t e s f o r e a c h jo b c a t e g o r y in th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t . In t h e a b s e n c e o f a f o r m a l r a t e s t r u c t u r e , p a y r a t e s a r e d e t e r m i n e d p r i m a r i l y w ith r e f e r e n c e to th e q u a l i f ic a t i o n s o f the in d iv id u a l w o r k e r . A s i n g l e r a t e s t r u c t u r e i s o n e in w h ic h th e s a m e r a t e i s p a i d to a l l e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s in th e s a m e jo b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . L e a r n e r s , a p p re n tice s, o r p r o b a t i o n a r y w o r k e r s m a y b e p a i d a c c o r d i n g to r a t e s c h e d u l e s w h ic h s t a r t b e l o w th e s i n g l e r a t e a n d p e r m i t th e w o r k e r s to a c h i e v e th e f u l l j o b r a t e o v e r a p e r i o d o f t i m e . In d iv id u al e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s o c c a s i o n a l l y m a y b e p a id a b o v e o r b e lo w the s in g le r a t e fo r s p e c i a l r e a s o n s , b u t s u c h p a y m e n t s a r e r e g a r d e d a s e x c e p t i o n s . R a n g e - o f - r a t e p l a n s a r e t h o s e in w h ic h the m i n i m u m a n d / o r m a x i m u m r a t e s p a id e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r the s a m e jo b a r e sp e cifie d . S p e c i f i c r a t e s o f in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s w ith in the r a n g e m a y b e d e t e r m i n e d b y m e r i t , len gth of s e r v i c e , o r a c o m b in a tio n of v a r i o u s c o n c e p ts of m e r i t and len g th of s e r v i c e . In cen tiv e w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d u n d e r p ie c e w o r k o r b o n u s p la n s . P ie ce w o rk is w ork fo r w h ich a p r e d e t e r m i n e d r a t e is p a id fo r e a c h u n it of o u tp u t. P ro d u c tio n b o n u se s a r e b a s e d o n p r o d u c t i o n in e x c e s s o f a q u o t a o r f o r c o m p l e t i o n o f a j o b in l e s s t h a n s t a n d a r d t i m e . w orkers W e e k ly H o u r s . D a t a r e f e r to th e p r e d o m i n a n t w o r k s c h e d u l e f o r f u l l - t i m e e m p l o y e d on the d a y s h if t. p ro d u ctio n O v e r t i m e P r e m i u m P a y . W e e k ly o v e r t i m e r e f e r s to w o r k in e x c e s s o f a s p e c i f i e d n u m b e r o f h o u r s p e r w e e k r e g a r d l e s s o f the d a y on w h ic h it i s p e r f o r m e d , the n u m b e r o f h o u rs p e r day, or n u m b er of d ay s w o rk ed . D a i l y o v e r t i m e r e f e r s to w o r k in e x c e s s o f a s p e c i f i e d n u m b e r o f h o u r s a d a y r e g a r d l e s s of the n u m b e r of h o u r s w o r k e d on p r e v i o u s d a y s of the p a y p e r i o d . v id ed P aid H o lid a y s. an n u ally . P a id h olid ay p r o v isio n s re la te to f u l l - d a y a n d h a l f - d a y h o l i d a y s pro 42 P a i d V a c a t i o n s . T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a t i o n p l a n s i s l i m i t e d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s , e x c lu d in g i n f o r m a l p l a n s w h e r e b y t i m e o ff w ith p a y i s g r a n t e d a t th e d i s c r e t i o n o f the e m p lo y e r o r the s u p e r v i s o r . P a y m e n ts not on a tim e b a s i s w e r e c o n v e r te d ; fo r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t of a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d the e q u iv a le n t of 1 w e e k 's p a y . T h e p e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e f o r w h ic h d a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d w e r e s e l e c t e d a s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f th e m o s t c o m m o n p r a c t i c e s , bu t th ey do not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t in d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r o v isio n s for p r o g r e ssio n . F o r e x a m p l e , th e c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s i n d i c a t e d a t 5 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e m a y in c lu d e c h a n g e s w h ich o c c u r r e d b e tw e e n 3 and 5 y e a r s . H ealth , In suran ce, P en sio n , and S e v e ra n c e P la n s . D ata a r e p re se n te d fo r all h ealth , in su r a n c e , p en sio n , an d s e v e r a n c e p l a n s f o r w h ic h a l l o r a p a r t of the c o s t is b o r n e by the e m p l o y e r , e x c lu d in g o n ly p r o g r a m s r e q u i r e d by la w , s u c h a s w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n sa tio n and s o c ia l s e c u r ity . A m o n g the p l a n s in c lu d e d a r e t h o s e u n d e r w r it t e n b y a c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n y an d t h o s e p a id d i r e c t l y by the e m p l o y e r f r o m h i s c u r r e n t o p e r a t i n g fu n d s o r f r o m a fund s e t a s i d e fo r th is p u r p o s e . D e ath b e n e fits a r e in c lu d e d a s a f o r m of life in s u r a n c e . S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e i s l i m i t e d to th a t ty p e of i n s u r a n c e u n d e r w h ic h p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a s h p a y m e n t s a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y to th e i n s u r e d o n a w e e k l y o r m o n t h l y b a s i s d u r i n g i l l n e s s o r a c c i d e n t d i s ab ility . I n f o r m a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s u c h p l a n s to w h ic h th e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t e s a t l e a s t a p a r t o f th e c o s t . H o w e v e r , in N e w J e r s e y a n d N e w Y o r k , w h e r e t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i l i t y i n s u r a n c e l a w s r e q u i r e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s , 12 p l a n s a r e i n c l u d e d o n l y i f t h e e m p l o y e r ( 1 ) c o n t r i b u t e s m o r e t h a n i s l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d , o r (2 ) p r o v i d e s t h e e m p l o y e e s w i t h b e n e f i t s w h ic h e x c e e d the r e q u i r e m e n t s of the la w . T a b u l a t i o n s o f p a i d s i c k l e a v e p l a n s a r e l i m i t e d to f o r m a l p l a n s w h i c h p r o v i d e f u l l p a y o r a p r o p o r t i o n o f the w o r k e r ' s p a y d u r in g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s ; i n f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n ts h ave b e en o m itte d . S e p a r a t e t a b u l a t i o n s a r e p r o v i d e d a c c o r d i n g to (1 ) p l a n s w h i c h p r o v i d e f u l l p a y a n d n o w a i t i n g p e r i o d , a n d ( 2 ) p l a n s p r o v i d i n g e i t h e r p a r t i a l pay o r a w aitin g p e r io d . M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p l a n s p r o v i d i n g f o r c o m p l e t e o r p a r t i a l p a y m e n t of doctors' fees. Such p lan s m a y be u n d erw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su r a n c e co m p an y or a n o n p ro fit o r g a n iz a tio n , o r they m a y be s e lf - i n s u r e d . C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e , s o m e t i m e s r e f e r r e d to a s e x t e n d e d m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e , i n c l u d e s p l a n s d e s i g n e d to c o v e r e m p l o y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s o r i n j u r y i n v o l v i n g a n e x p e n s e w h ic h g o e s b e y o n d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p i t a l iz a t io n , m e d i c a l , a n d s u r g i c a l p l a n s . T a b u l a t i o n s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n s a r e l i m i t e d to p l a n s w h ic h p r o v i d e on r e t i r e m e n t r e g u l a r p a y m e n t s fo r the r e m a i n d e r of the w o r k e r 's life . D ata are p resen ted se p arate ly f o r r e t i r e m e n t s e v e r a n c e p a y , i. e . , l u m p - s u m p a y m e n t s m a d e to e m p l o y e e s o n r e t i r e m e n t . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v i n g p r o v i s i o n s f o r b o th l u m p - s u m a n d p e r i o d i c p a y m e n t s to e m p l o y e e s on r e t i r e m e n t w e r e c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g both r e t i r e m e n t p e n sio n and r e t i r e m e n t s e v e r a n c e pay. E s t a b lis h m e n t s h av in g o p tio n al p la n s p ro v id in g e m p lo y e e s a ch o ice of eith e r r e tir e m e n t s e v e r a n c e o r p e r i o d i c p a y m e n t s w e r e c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g o n ly r e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n b e n e f i t s . T e c h n o l o g i c a l s e v e r a n c e p a y r e f e r s to f o r m a l p l a n s p r o v i d i n g f o r p a y m e n t s to e m p l o y e e s p e r m a n e n t ly s e p a r a t e d a s a r e s u l t o f f o r c e r e d u c t io n a r i s i n g out o f the in tr o d u c tio n o f new e q u ip m e n t o r f r o m the c l o s i n g of a d e p a r t m e n t , p la n t, o r u n it. N o n p r o d u c tio n B o n u s e s . N o n p ro d u c tio n b o n u s e s a r e d e fin e d a s b o n u s e s th at d ep en d on f a c t o r s o t h e r th a n th e o u tp u t of the in d iv id u a l w o r k e r o r g r o u p o f w o r k e r s . P la n s that d e fe r p a y m e n ts beyond 1 y e a r w e re ex clu d ed . P a i d F u n e r a l a n d J u r y D uty L e a v e . D a t a fo r p a id f u n e r a l an d ju r y duty le a v e a r e l i m i t e d to f o r m a l p l a n s w h ic h p r o v i d e a t l e a s t p a r t i a l p a y m e n t f o r t i m e l o s t a s a r e s u l t of atte n d in g f u n e r a ls o r s e r v in g a s a ju r o r . 12 T h e te m p o ra ry d is a b ility in su ra n c e la w s in C a lifo r n ia an d R hode Isla n d do n o t r e q u ire e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u tio n s . Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The p r im a r y p u rp o se of p r e p a r in g jo b d e s c r ip t io n s f o r th e B u r e a u ' s w a g e s u r v e y s i s to a s s i s t i t s f i e l d s t a f f in c l a s s i f y i n g into a p p r o p r ia t e o c c u p a t io n s w o r k e r s w ho a r e e m p lo y e d u n d er a v a r ie ty of p a y ro ll title s an d d iffe re n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t to e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d f r o m a r e a to a r e a . T h i s p e r m i t s th e g r o u p i n g o f o c c u p a tio n a l w ag e r a t e s r e p r e s e n t in g c o m p a r a b le jo b co n ten t. B e c a u s e of th is e m p h a s i s on i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d i n t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b i l i t y o f o c c u p a t io n a l c o n te n t, the B u r e a u ' s jo b d e s c r ip t io n s m a y d iffe r s ig n ific a n tly f r o m th o se in u s e in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s o r th o se p r e p a r e d fo r o th e r purposes. In a p p l y i n g t h e s e j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s , t h e B u r e a u ' s f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s a r e i n s t r u c t e d to e x c lu d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s , a p p r e n tic e s, le a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s, tr a in e e s , h an d i capp ed, p a rt-tim e , te m p o ra ry , and p ro b atio n ary w o rk e rs. CUTTER, M A CH IN E O p e r a t e s o r g u i d e s th e m o v i n g k n ife o r b l a d e o f a p o w e r e d c u tt in g m a c h i n e a lo n g a p a t t e r n o u tlin e to cu t out a r t i c l e s f r o m s i n g l e o r m u lt ip le l a y e r s of f a b r i c . In a d d i t i o n , m a y s p r e a d o r la y up l a y e r s of c lo th , o r m a y a r r a n g e p a t t e r n on m a t e r i a l a n d o u tlin e w ith ch alk . FOLDER, GARMENT F o ld s c o m p le te d g a r m e n t s fo r sh ip m e n t e ith e r by han d o r by a fo ld in g m a c h in e . M ay fo ld g a r m e n t s a r o u n d c a r d b o a r d f o r m s o r i n s e r t t is s u e p a p e r b e tw e e n fo ld s; and m a y a l s o pin f o ld s in g a r m e n t s . F o r w age stu dy p u r p o s e s , F o ld er, F o ld er, F o ld er, IN S P E C T O R , garm en t, garm en t, garm en t, garm en t fo ld e rs ar ia s s i f i e d a s fo llo w s: hand m ach in e hand and m a ch in e F IN A L P r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r in s p e c t i o n o f c o m p l e t e d g a r m e n t s p r i o r to p r e s s i n g o r s h i p p i n g b u t m a y a l s o t r i m t h r e a d s i n c i d e n t a l to i n s p e c t i o n o p e r a t i o n . W ork in v o lv e s p r i m a r i l y d e t e r m i n i n g w h e t h e r th e g a r m e n t s c o n f o r m to s h o p s t a n d a r d s o f q u a l i t y a n d m a r k i n g d e fe c ts su ch a s d ro p p ed stitc h e s, b ad s e a m s , etc. J A N IT O R (Sw eeper, ch arw om an , ja n itre ss) C le a n s an d k e e p s in an o r d e r l y c o n d itio n f a c t o r y w o rk in g a r e a s an d w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m is e s of an o ffice, a p a rtm e n t h o u se, o r c o m m e r c ia l or o th er e sta b lish m e n t. D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a t io n of the f o llo w in g : Sw e ep in g, m o p p in g or sc ru b b in g , and p o lish in g flo o r s ; re m o v in g ch ip s, t r a s h , and oth er r e fu s e ; d u stin g eq u ip m en t, fu rn itu re , o r fix tu r e s ; p o lish in g m e ta l fix tu re s or tr im m in g s; pro v id in g su p p lie s and m in o r m a in te n a n ce s e r v ic e s ; and clean in g la v a to r ie s, sh o w e rs, and r e s tr o o m s . W o r k e r s who s p e c i a l i z e in w in d ow w a s h in g a r e e x c lu d e d . 43 44 M ARKER A r r a n g e s g a r m e n t p a t t e r n s on c lo th in s u c h a m a n n e r a s to m i n i m i z e w a s t e w h e n m a t e r i a l i s cu t. W ork in c lu d e s t r a c i n g o u tlin e of p a tt e r n on m a t e r i a l w ith ch a lk , so a p , o r c r a y o n , a n d m a r k i n g d e s i g n n u m b e r an d s i z e w ith in o u tlin e . M ay a r r a n g e p a tte rn on p a p e r to p r o d u c e m a r k e r w h ic h s e r v e s a s a c u ttin g o u tlin e . by W o r k e r s e n g a g e d in s im p le t r a c in g ( t r a c e r s ) a r o u n d p a t t e r n s la i d out on the m a t e r i a l o t h e r s a n d th o se who la y out p a t t e r n s a c c o r d in g to p r e p a r e d d i a g r a m s a r e e x c lu d e d . PRESSER, F IN ISH (O ff-p re sser, over p re sse r, top p r e s s e r ) P e r f o r m s fin a l p r e s s i n g o p e r a tio n s on g a r m e n t s hand p r e s s in g iro n a n d /o r p o w ered p r e s s or m an g le. F o r w age a s fo llo w s: P resser, P resser, P resser, stu d y fin ish , fin ish , fin ish , pu rpo ses, p ressers are or c la ssifie d garm en t by ty p e p arts by of p r e s s in g m eans of a eq u ip m en t, hand m ach in e hand and m ach in e W o rk e rs a r e c la s s if ie d a s " p r e s s e r s , hand an d m a c h in e " w hen s iz a b le p ro p o rtio n s o f t h e i r w o r k a r e p e r f o r m e d b y e a c h of the tw o m e t h o d s . O th e r w is e , the p r e d o m in a n t ty p e o f p r e s s i n g i s the d e t e r m i n i n g f a c t o r in c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . R E P A IR M A N , SEW IN G M A C H IN E A d ju s t s a n d r e p a i r s se w in g m a c h in e s u s e d in the e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E x a m in in g m a c h i n e s fa u lt y in o p e r a t io n to d i a g n o s e s o u r c e of tr o u b le ; d i s m a n t l i n g o r p a r t l y d is m a n t lin g m a c h i n e s , r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r w o r n out p a r t s o r p e r f o r m i n g o t h e r r e p a i r s , a n d r e a s s e m b l i n g m a c h i n e s ; a d j u s t i n g m a c h i n e s to f u n c tio n e f f i c i e n t l y b y tu rn in g a d ju stm e n t s c r e w s an d n uts; re g u la tin g len gth of str o k e of n e e d le , an d h o rizo n ta l m o v e m e n t fe e d in g m e c h a n is m u n d e r n ee d le; r e p la c in g o r r e p a ir in g t r a n s m i s s i o n b e lts; p r e p a r in g sp e c ific a tio n s fo r m a jo r r e p a i r s an d in itiatin g o r d e r s fo r r e p la c e m e n t p a r t s ; and u s in g a v a r i e t y of h a n d to o ls in fittin g an d r e p la c in g p a r t s . SE W IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R U s e s a s t a n d a r d o r s p e c i a l - p u r p o s e s e w in g m a c h in e to p e r f o r m the se w in g o p e r a t io n s r e q u i r e d in m a k in g p a r t s o f g a r m e n t s , in jo in in g v a r i o u s s e c t i o n s t o g e t h e r , in a tta c h in g p r e v i o u s l y c o m p l e t e d p a r t s to p a r t i a l l y c o m p l e t e d g a r m e n t s , o r in se w in g on b u tto n s o r se w in g b u tto n h o les. M ay m ak e a co m p lete g arm en t. F o r w ag e stu d y p u r p o s e s , on w h ic h th e y w o rk : S e w in g -m ac h in e S e w in g -m ac h in e S e w in g -m ac h in e S e w in g -m ac h in e Se w in g -m ac h in e S e w in g -m ac h in e operator, o p erato r, o p erato r, operator, operator, operator, o p e r a t o r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d a c c o r d i n g to th e p r i n c i p a l g a r m e n t w ork sh irts w ork pants o v e ra lls and in d u strial g a rm e n ts w ash ab le se r v ic e a p p a r e l dungarees oth er SPREAD ER S p r e a d s ( l a y s up) m u l t i p l e l a y e r s o f c lo t h s m o o t h l y a n d e v e n ly o n e u p o n th e o t h e r on a c u ttin g ta b le b y h an d o r w ith the a id o f a s p r e a d i n g m a c h in e . C u t s e a c h p ly to le n g t h f r o m the b o lt o f m a t e r i a l . 45 STO CK C L E R K R e c e iv e s , s t o r e s , an d i s s u e s eq u ip m e n t, m a t e r i a l , m e r c h a n d is e , o r to o ls in a s to c k room or sto rero o m . W ork in v o lv e s: C h e c k in g in c o m in g o r d e r a g a i n s t i t e m s a s l i s t e d on r e q u i s i t i o n s o r i n v o i c e s , a n d c o u n t in g , g r a d i n g , o r w e ig h in g the a r t i c l e s . E xclud ed are sto ckro o m lab o re rs and em p lo y ees who su p erv ise sto ck cle rk s and lab o rers. T H R EA D T R IM M E R (C le an er) T r i m s lo o s e th r e a d e n d s , b a s t in g t h r e a d s an d s e a m e d g e s of g a r m e n t s w ith s c i s s o r s o r m a c h i n e s p r i o r to p r e s s i n g o r p a c k i n g . W o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s the i n s p e c t i o n o f g a r m e n t s b u t w h o a l s o t r i m t h r e a d s i n c i d e n t a l to th e i n s p e c t i o n o p e r a t i o n a r e to b e c l a s s i f i e d a s in s p e c t o r , fin a l. UN D ERPRESSER (F o rep resser, p arts p re sse r) U s e s a h a n d i r o n , m a c h i n e ir o n , o r a p o w e r e d p r e s s to p r e s s a s p o c k e t s , s e a m s , s h o u l d e r s , e t c . d u r in g the f a b r i c a t i n g p r o c e s s . W orkers sh o u ld U n derpresser, U n derpresser, be classifie d acco rd in g to the ty p e of garm en t p arts p re ssin g su ch e q u ip m en t u se d : hand m ach in e W ATCHMAN M akes rounds and ille g a l entry. of p re m ise s p e rio d ically in p ro tectin g property ag ain st fire , th eft, W ORK D IST R IB U T O R C a r r i e s o r t r u c k s g a r m e n t s in v a r i o u s s t a g e s o f c o m p l e t i o n to th e w o r k e r w ho i s to p e r f o r m the n e x t o p e r a t i o n on g a r m e n t . M ay e x e r c i s e s o m e d is c r e t io n in d istr ib u tio n of w o rk , but h a s no s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s . Industry Wage Studies T h e m o s t r e c e n t r e p o r t s f o r i n d u s t r i e s i n c lu d e d in the B u r e a u ' s p r o g r a m o f i n d u s t r y w a g e s u r v e y s s i n c e J a n u a r y 1950 a r e l i s t e d b e l o w . T h o s e f o r w h i c h a p r i c e is sh ow n a r e a v a i l a b l e f r o m the S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U . S . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W a s h in g t o n , D. C. , 2 04 02 , o r any o f its r e g i o n a l s a l e s o f f i c e s . T h o s e f o r w h i c h a p r i c e is not s h o w n m a y b e o b t a in e d f r e e as lon g as a s u p p ly is a v a i l a b l e , f r o m the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s , W a s h in g t o n , D. C. , 2 0 2 1 2 , o r f r o m any o f the r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s s h o w n on the i n s i d e b a c k c o v e r . I. Occupational Wage Studies M a n u fa c t u r in g B a s i c I r o n and S t e e l , 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1358 (30 c e n t s ) . C a n d y and O th e r C o n f e c t i o n e r y P r o d u c t s , I9 60 . B L S R e p o r t 195. ^C anning and F r e e z i n g , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 136. C i g a r M a n u f a c t u r in g , 1964. B L S B u ll e t in 1436 (30 c e n t s ) . C i g a r e t t e M a n u f a c t u r i n g , I9 6 0 . B L S R e p o r t 167. C o tto n T e x t i l e s , 1963. B L S B u ll e t in 1410 (40 c e n t s ) . D i s t i l l e d L i q u o r s , 1952. S e r i e s 2, N o. 88. F a b r i c a t e d S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 123. F e r t i l i z e r M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1362 (40 c e n t s ) . F l o u r and O th e r G r a i n M i l l P r o d u c t s , 1961. B L S B u ll e t in 1337 (30 c e n t s ) . F l u id M i l k In d u s t r y , I9 6 0 . B L S R e p o r t 174. F o o t w e a r , 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1360 (45 c e n t s ) . H o s i e r y , 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1349 (45 c e n t s ) . In d u s t r ia l C h e m i c a l s , 1955. B L S R e p o r t 103. Ir o n and S t e e l F o u n d r i e s , 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1386 (40 c e n t s ) . L e a t h e r T a n n in g and F i n i s h i n g , 1963. B L S B u ll e t in 1378 (40 c e n t s ) . M a c h i n e r y M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1964. B L S B u ll e t in 1429 (35 c e n t s ) . M e a t P r o d u c t s , 1963. B L S B u ll e t in 1415 (75 c e n t s ) . M e n ' s and B o y s ' S h ir t s ( E x c e p t W o r k S h ir ts ) and N i g h t w e a r , 1961. B L S B u ll e t in 1323 (40 c e n t s ) . M e n ' s and B o y s ' Suits and C o a t s , 1963. B L S B u ll e t in 1424 (65 c e n t s ) . M i s c e l l a n e o u s P l a s t i c s P r o d u c t s , I9 60 . B L S R e p o r t 168. M i s c e l l a n e o u s T e x t i l e s , 1953. B L S R e p o r t 56. M o t o r V e h i c l e s and M o t o r V e h i c l e P a r t s , 1963. B L S B u ll e t in 139 3 (45 c e n t s ) . N o n f e r r o u s F o u n d r i e s , I9 6 0 . B L S R e p o r t 180. P a i n t s and V a r n i s h e s , 1961. B L S B u ll e t in 1318 (30 c e n t s ) . P e t r o l e u m R e f i n i n g , 1959. B L S R e p o r t 158. P r e s s e d o r B lo w n G l a s s and G l a s s w a r e , 1964. B L S B u ll e t in 1423 (30 c e n t s ) . ^ P r o c e s s e d W a s t e , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 124. P u l p , P a p e r , and P a p e r b o a r d M i l l s , 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1341 (40 c e n t s ) . R a d i o , T e l e v i s i o n , and R e l a t e d P r o d u c t s , 1951. S e r i e s 2, N o. 84. R a i l r o a d C a r s , 1952. S e r i e s 2, N o. 86. * R a w S u g a r , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 136. S o u th e r n S a w m i l l s and P l a n i n g M i l l s , 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1361 (30 c e n t s ) . S t r u c t u r a l C la y P r o d u c t s , I9 6 0 . B L S R e p o r t 172. S y n th e tic F i b e r s , 1958. B L S R e p o r t 143. S y n th e tic T e x t i l e s , 1963. B L S B u ll e t in 1414 (35 c e n t s ) . T e x t i l e D y e in g and F i n i s h i n g , 1961. B L S B u ll e t in 1311 (35 c e n t s ) . ^ T o b a c c o S t e m m in g and R e d r y i n g , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 136. * * Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. I. Occupational Wage Studies--- Continued M a n u f a c t u r i n g — C o n tin u e d W e s t C o a s t S a w m i l l i n g , 1959. B L S R e p o r t 156. W o m e n ' s and M i s s e s ' C o a t s and S u it s , 1962. B L S B u l l e t i n 1371 (25 c e n t s ) . W o m e n ' s and M i s s e s ' D r e s s e s , 1963. B L S B u ll e t in 1391 (30 c e n t s ) . W o o d H o u s e h o l d F u r n i t u r e , E x c e p t U p h o l s t e r e d , 1962. B L S B u l l e t i n 1369 (40 c e n t s ) . ^ W o o d e n C o n t a i n e r s , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 126. W o o l T e x t i l e s , 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1372 (45 c e n t s ) . W o r k C lo t h i n g , 1961. B L S B u ll e t in 1321 (35 c e n t s ) . N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g A u to D e a l e r R e p a i r S h o p s , 1958. B L S R e p o r t 141. B an k in g I n d u s t r y , I9 6 0 . B L S R e p o r t 179. B it u m i n o u s C o a l M i n i n g , 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1383 (45 c e n t s ) . C o m m u n i c a t i o n s , 1963. B L S B u ll e t in 1426 (20 c e n t s ) . C o n t r a c t C l e a n in g S e r v i c e s , 1961. B L S B u ll e t in 1327 (25 c e n t s ) . C r u d e P e t r o l e u m and N a t u r a l G a s P r o d u c t i o n , I9 6 0 . B L S R e p o r t 181. D e p a r t m e n t and W o m e n 's R e a d y - t o - W e a r S t o r e s , 1950. S e r i e s 2, N o. 78. E a tin g and D r in k in g P l a c e s , 1963. B L S B u ll e t in 1400 (40 c e n t s ) . E l e c t r i c and G a s U t i l i t i e s , 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1374 (50 c e n t s ) . H o s p i t a l s , 1963. B L S B u ll e t in 1409 (50 c e n t s ) . H o t e ls and M o t e l s , 1963. B L S B u ll e t in 1406 (40 c e n t s ) . L a u n d r i e s and C le a n in g S e r v i c e s , 1963. B L S B u ll e t in 1401 (50 c e n t s ) . L i f e I n s u r a n c e , 1961. B L S B u ll e t in 1324 (30 c e n t s ) . II. Other Industry Wage Studies F a c t o r y W o r k e r s ' E a rn in g s — D istrib u tio n by S t r a ig h t -T im e H ou rly E a rn in g s , 1958. B L S B u ll e t in 1252 (40 c e n t s ) . F a c t o r y W o r k e r s ' E a r n i n g s — S e l e c t e d M a n u fa c t u r in g I n d u s t r i e s , 1959. B L S B u ll e t in 1275 (35 c e n t s ) . R etail T ra d e: E m p l o y e e E a r n i n g s in R e t a i l T r a d e , June 1962 ( O v e r a l l S u m m a r y o f the In d u s t r y ) . B L S B u ll e t in 1380 (45 c e n t s ) . E m p l o y e e E a r n i n g s at R e t a i l B u ild in g M a t e r i a l s , H a r d w a r e , and F a r m E q u i p m e n t D e a l e r s , June 1962. B L S B u l l e t i n 1 3 8 0 - 1 (25 c e n t s ) . E m p l o y e e E a r n i n g s in R e t a i l G e n e r a l M e r c h a n d i s e S t o r e s , June 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1 3 8 0 - 2 (45 c e n t s ) . E m p l o y e e E a r n i n g s in R e t a i l F o o d S t o r e s , June 1962. B L S B u l l e t i n 1 3 8 0 - 3 (40 c e n t s ) . E m p l o y e e E a r n i n g s at R e t a i l A u t o m o t i v e D e a l e r s and in G a s o l i n e S e r v i c e S t a t io n s , June 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1 3 8 0 - 4 (40 c e n t s ) . E m p l o y e e E a r n i n g s in R e t a i l A p p a r e l and A c c e s s o r y S t o r e s , June 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1 3 8 0 - 5 (45 c e n t s ) . E m p l o y e e E a r n i n g s in R e t a i l F u r n i t u r e , H o m e F u r n i s h i n g s , and H o u s e h o l d A p p l i a n c e S t o r e s , June 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1 3 8 0 - 6 (40 c e n t s ) . E m p l o y e e E a r n i n g s in M i s c e l l a n e o u s R e t a i l S t o r e s , June 1962. B L S B u ll e t in 1 3 8 0 -7 (40 c e n t s ) . E m p l o y e e E a r n in g s in N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n A r e a s o f the South and N o r t h C e n t r a l R e g i o n s , June 1962, B L S B u ll e t in 1416 (40 c e n t s ) . * * Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. ☆ U S . G O VERN M EN T P R IN T IN G O F F IC E : 1965 O - 7 7 7 -2 0 6 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES
@FedFRASER