The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
1 1 .3 : D ayton & Montgomery Coi Public Library J U L l 51969 Document collection MDUSTRY WA6E SURVEY Work Clothing FEBRUARY 1968 B ulletin No. 1624 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR B U R E A U O F L A B O R STATISTICS INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Work Clothing February 1968 B u lle tin N o. 1624 June 1969 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR George P. Shultz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner For sole by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 50 cent* Preface T h is b u lle tin s u m m a r iz e s th e r e s u lt s o f a B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s s u r v e y o f w a g e s and s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r a c t i c e s f o r th e w o r k c lo th in g m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s tr y in F e b r u a r y 1968. S e p a r a te r e l e a s e s f o r th e fo llo w in g S ta te s w e r e is s u e d e a r l i e r : A la b a m a , C a lif o r n ia , G e o r g ia , In d ia n a , K e n tu c k y , M is s i s s i p p i , M i s s o u r i , N o rth C a r o l i n a , P e n n s y lv a n ia , T e n n e s s e e , T e x a s , and V ir g in ia . C o p ie s o f th e s e r e l e a s e s a r e a v a ila b le f r o m th e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s , W a s h in g to n , D. C . , 2 0 2 1 2 , o r f r o m any o f its r e g io n a l o f f i c e s . T h e stu dy w a s c o n d u c te d in th e B u r e a u 's O ffic e o f W a g e s and I n d u s tr ia l R e la t io n s . T he a n a ly s is in th is b u l le tin w a s p r e p a r e d b y F r e d R . N agy in the D iv is io n o f O c c u p a tio n a l W age S t r u c t u r e s . F ie ld w o r k f o r the s u r v e y w a s d ir e c t e d b y the B u r e a u 's A s s is t a n t R e g io n a l D i r e c t o r s f o r O p e r a t io n s . O th er r e p o r t s '■available f r o m the B u r e a u 's p r o g r a m o f in d u s tr y w a g e s tu d ie s , a s w e ll a s the a d d r e s s e s o f the B u r e a u 's eig h t r e g io n a l o f f i c e s , a r e lis t e d at the end o f th is b u lle tin . Contents Page L o c a t i o n -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E s t a b lis h m e n t s i z e ---------------------------------------------------------------------M e th o d s o f p r o d u c t i o n ----- ----------------------------------------------------------U n io n iz a t io n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------S ex and o c c u p a t i o n ---------------------------------------------------------------------M eth od o f w a g e p a y m e n t ---------------------------------------------------------A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s —-------------------------------------------------------------O c c u p a t io n a l e a r n i n g s ---------------------------------------------------------------------E s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s and s h ift p r a c t i c e s —----------------------P a id h o l i d a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------P a id v a c a t i o n s ---------------------------------------------------- -----------—-----------H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p l a n s -----------— -------------------O th e r s e le c t e d b e n e f i t s ------------------------------ —---------------- ------------ 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 T a b le s : 1. A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s : B y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s -------------------- ------ -— — — 2. A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s and e m p lo y m e n t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : S e le c t e d S t a t e s -------------— 8 8 S u m m a r y ----- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I n d u s tr y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ------------------------------------------------------------------- E a r n in g s d is t r ib u t io n : 3. A l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 . B y m a j o r p r o d u c t - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------- 10 9 O c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s : 11 5. A l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ---------------------------------- —-------------------------------------- ----- ——------------------------6. B y la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e and c o m m u n it y s i z e — — ------------------- 12 14 7. B y la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e and e s t a b lis h m e n t s i z e —-----------------------8. B y m a j o r p r o d u c t ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ——-------- ----- —----------------------16 O c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s : 9. A l a b a m a --------- ----- ------ ---------------------------- -------------------------------------------- —---------------------------------17 10. C a l i f o r n i a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:-------------------11. G e o r g i a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. I n d ia n a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. K e n tu c k y ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. M i s s i s s i p p i — -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15. M i s s o u r i ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16. N o r th C a r o l i n a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17. P e n n s y l v a n i a ---------------—----------------------------------------- — —----------———---------------------------------18. T e n n e s s e e --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19. T e x a s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20. V i r g i n i a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s : 21. M e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22. S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23. P a id h o li d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- — ------------------------------------24. P a id v a c a t i o n s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- —----- -— ------------------------25. H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s ---------------------------------- —------------- — ------------- 36 18 19 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 30 32 33 33 34 35 A p p e n d ix e s : A . S c o p e and m e th o d o f s u r v e y --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39 B . O c c u p a t io n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 iv Industry Wage Survey— W ork Clothing, 1968 Summary received 1 week of vacation pay after 1 year of serv ice and at least 2 weeks after 5 years; provisions for 3 weeks after 15 years of service were reported by establishments employing one-fourth of the work ers. Life, hospitalization, and surgical insurance plans for which employers paid at least part of the cost also were available to a large majority of the workers in the industry. Three-tenths of the produc tion workers were in plants providing retirement pension plans. Straight-time earnings of production and related workers in the work clothing manufacturing industry averaged $1.84 an hour in February 1968. Women, accounting for seven-eighths of the 62,775 workers covered by the Bureau’ s survey1 and largely em ployed as sewing-machine operators, averaged $1.81 an hour compared with $2.03 for men. About onethird of the workers had earnings at or slightly above the $1.60 an hour Federal minimum wage for manufacturing establishments. Earnings of the remaining workers were more widely dispersed, ranging up to $3 an hour. Industry Characteristics Work c l o t h i n g manufacturing establishments covered by the Bureau’ s survey employed 62,775 production and related workers in February 1968— an increase of nearly 9 percent over the employment level recorded in May-June 1964, the date of a similar study. 2 During this period, changes in em ployment varied substantially among the regions studied separately: Increases of 37 percent in the Southwest and 35 percent in the Middle West; virtually no change in the Southeast, the largest re gion in terms of industry employment; and declines of between 3 and 6 percent in the other regions. As indicated in the tabulation below, the Southwest region accounted for most of the industry’ s employment growth since 1961. 3 Regionally, average hourly earnings of produc tion workers ranged from $1.81 in the Southwest to $1.94 in the Middle Atlantic and Pacific. Workers in the Southeast region, slightly more than one-third of the industry’ s employment, averaged $1.84. Earn ings levels also varied by size of community, size of establishment, labor-management contract status, major product branch, and occupation. Among the occupations studied separately, nation wide averages ranged from $1.68 for janitors to $2.57 an hour for sewing-machine repairmen, two jobs largely staffed by men. Sewing-machine operators, virtually all women and making up seven-tenths of the industry’ s work force, averaged $1.82 an hour. Their earnings levels varied by type of garment sewn. Paid holidays, most commonly 6 or 7 days an nually, and paid vacations were provided by estab lishments employing more than nine-tenths of the production workers. Typically, production workers 1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey. Wage data contained in this bulletin exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 See Industry Wage Survey: Work Clothing. May-June 1964 (BLS Bulletin 1440, 1965). 3 See Industry Wage Survey: Work Clothing. May-June 1961 (BLS Bulletin 1321, 1962). February 1968 May-June 1964 May-June 1961 United States1 -------------------- 62,775 57,669 51,594 Middle Atlantic-----------------Border States----------------------Southeast---------------------------Southwest---------------------------Great L akes----------------------Middle West----------------------Pacific------------------------------- 2,078 9,003 23,011 15,393 3, 846 6, 554 2,225 2,185 9, 626 22,897 11,246 3,959 4, 844 2,322 2, 552 7, 837 20,447 7,271 4,776 5,432 2, 501 Area 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 1 2 Products. Work clothing establishments covered by the Bureau’ s study were classified into six groups according to their principal product: (1) Dungarees, (2) overalls and industrial garments (including cover alls and overall work jackets), (3) washable service apparel, (4) work pants, (5) work shirts, and (6) other work clothing. Many of the establishments visited during the survey also manufactured more than one type of work clothing. As indicated below, plants primarily manufacturing work pants made work shirts as a secondary line; similarly, plants making work shirts as a primary product also made work pants. Location. The Southeast region accounted for al most two-fifths of the industry’ s production workers; the Southwest, one-fourth; the Border States, oneseventh; and the Middle West, one-tenth. None of the other regions employed more than 6 percent of the industry’ s work force. The distribution of employ ment in the major product branches varied somewhat among the regions. The Southeast region, for ex ample, accounted for about two-thirds of the workers in plants primarily producing work shirts, compared with one-third in plants making work pants. The Border States and Southeast regions, on the other hand, each accounted for approximately three-tenths of the workers in plants manufacturing dungarees as a primary product; in the Southwest, the propor tion was one-fourth. Manufacturers of work pants employed slightly more than two-fifths of the industry’ s production workers. Nearly one-fourth of the workers were in plants primarily engaged in the manufacture of dun garees; overalls and industrial garments and work shirt plants each employed about one-tenth. Wash able service apparel, which includes items such as aprons and other protective garments for profes sional, hospital, and service workers, accounted for about 7 percent of the workers. Only about 3 percent of the workers were in plants primarily manufac turing other types of work clothing. The recent growth in the industry’ s employment partly results from product diversification. Plants manufacturing other than work clothing items (e.g., casual wear clothes) as secondary products em ployed nearly one-fifth of the industry’ s work force. Among these plants, there was considerable varia tion in the value of nonwork clothing items as a percent of the establishment’ s total value of pro duction during the year. The percentage was less than 20 for slightly more than one-half of the plants, between 20 to 40 for nearly one-fifth, and from 40 to 50 for about one-fourth. Metropolitan areas, as defined bytheU.S. Bureau of the Budget through April 1967, contained almost three-tenths of the work force. The proportions ranged from less than one-eighth in the Border States, Southeast, and Middle West to the total work force in the Middle Atlantic. Establishment Size. Establishments covered by the survey ranged in size from about 20 to nearly 1,600 employees. One-fourth of the establishments employed 250 workers or more and accounted for slightly more than one-half of the industry’ s work Secondary work clothing products Primary product Dungarees-------------------------------------Overalls and industrial garments-----Washable service apparel---------------Work pants-----------------------------------Work shirts-----------------------------------Other work clo th in g ----------------------- Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 No secondary work clothing products 74 49 76 57 57 74 Dungarees _ Overalls Washable and industrial service garments apparel 17 - - 25 - 24 18 2 - 3 5 6 - NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. (1) - Less than 0. 5 percent. Work shirts 9 14 13 _ 8 12 3 8 Work pants - Other work clothing _ - 27 7 1 11 - - - 3 force. Among the regions, establishments of this size employed the following approximate proportions: One-sixth of the workers in the Middle Atlantic, one third in the Middle West, two-fifths in the Great Lakes, one-half in the Southeast, three-fifths in the Border States, two-thirds in the Southwest, and fivesixths in the Pacific. Methods of Production. The progressive bundle system was the major method of production in establishments e m p l o y i n g three-fourths of the workers. The bundle system was used in establish ments employing about one-sixth of the work force and the line system was used in plants accounting for less than 6 percent.4 Regionally, the progres sive bundle system was the predominant method except in the Middle Atlantic, where the bundle system was more important. Unionization. Establishments having collective bargaining agreements covering a majority of their production workers employed slightly less than onehalf of the industry’ s work force. The proportions of workers in union establishments were about onefourth in the Southeast, slightly more than two-fifths in the Border States and Southwest, two-thirds in the Great Lakes, seven-eighths in the Middle West, and more than nine-tenths in the Middle Atlantic and Pacific regions. The degree of unionization also varied among the States selected for separate study. Labor-management contract coverage was higher in metropolitan areas than in smaller communities (nearly three-fifths and slightly more than two-fifths of the workers, respectively), and higher in plants employing 250 workers or more (58 percent) than Establishments were classified according to their major method of production as follows: (1) Line system—an operation in which parts of garments move down a line as each sewing-machine operator performs a standard task on a piece and then passes it on to the next operator for further processing, usually by means of a slide board or chute; (2) bundle system—an operation in which bundles of garments or parts of garments are distributed to individual opera tors who perform one or more operations on a number of identical pieces and rebundle the garments for movement to another opera tor; (3) progressive bundle system—an operation in which the bun dles of garments flow in a logical order of work from operator to operator, each performing one or two assigned tasks on various pieces in the bundle. Since the procedure is standardized, the need for checking in and reassigning the work, as under the bundle sys tem, is eliminated. Percent of production workers in establishments having collective bargaining agreements United States-------------------------- 45-49 Middle Atlantic----------------------Pennsylvania----------------------Border States-------------------------Kentucky---------------------------Virginia-----------------------------Southeast--------------------------------Alabam a---------------------------G eorgia-----------------------------Mississippi-------------------------North Carolina------------------Tennessee-------------------------Southwest------------------------------Texas--------------------------------Great L akes---------------------------Indiana------------------------------Middle West---------------------------Missouri-----------------------------Pacific------------------------------------California-------------------------- 90-94 90-94 40-44 50-54 25-29 25-29 30-34 (1) 25-29 (1) 40-44 45-49 35-39 65-69 80-84 85-89 95495+ 95+ * None of the establishments visited had collective bar gaining agreements covering a majority of their production workers. in plants employing 20-249 workers (36 percent). Similar relationships existed in most regions studied separately. The major unions in the industry were the United Garment Workers of America (AFL—CIO) and the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (AFL-CIO). Sex and Occupation. Women accounted for seveneighths of all production workers in the industry; regionally, the proportions ranged from about fourfifths in the Middle Atlantic to nine-tenths in the Pacific. Virtually all or a large majority of the sewing-machine operators, inspectors, pressers, and thread trimmers were women. Men, on the other hand, were predominant in jobs such as janitors, machine cutters, markers, sewing-machine repair men, spreaders, stock and shipping clerks, and work distributors. Method of Wage Payment. Approximately fourfifths of the industry’ s production workers were paid under incentive wage payment systems, most commonly individual piece rates (table 21). Occupa tions generally paid on an incentive basis included sewing-machine o p e r a t o r s , inspectors, machine pressers, and thread trimmers. In 5 of the 7 re gions, the proportions of workers under incentive systems were closely grouped (81 to 87 percent); 4 % in the Great Lakes and Middle Atlantic, 69 and 62 percent, respectively, were under incentive systems. The wages of about seven-tenths of the workers paid on a time-rated basis were determined pri marily according to individual employee qualifica tions, Wage systems consisting of a single rate for each job, and those providing a range of rates for each job, applied to about one-tenth and to onefifth of the time-rated workers, respectively. Oc cupations usually paid on a time-rated basis in cluded sewing-machine repairmen, machine cutters, markers, and spreaders. Average Hourly Earnings Straight-time earnings of the 62,775 production workers covered by the study averaged $1.84 an hour in February 1968 (table l ) . 5 This was 29 percent above the average of $1.43 recorded in May-June 1964. 6 During the 1964-68 period, average earnings increased between 28 and 32 percent in the Border States, Southeast, and Southwest regions. Average earnings in the remaining regions rose 26 percent in the Great Lakes, 24 percent in the Middle West, and 23 percent in the Middle Atlantic and Pacific, the two highest paying regions. This general pattern of greater percent increases for the relatively low paid segments of the industry also may be noted by other changes in industry characteristics. For ex ample, increases in average earnings for workers in metropolitan areas amounted to 26 percent, com pared with 30 percent for those .in smaller com munities; the increase was 29 percent for women and 26 percent for men; and sewing-machine opera tors (virtually all women) had an average increase of 29 percent contrasted with 20 percent for the high paid sewing-machine repairmen (all men). At least part of the increases noted above resulted from upward adjustments to the Federal minimum wage for manufacturing establishments that oc curred between the two surveys. 7 The minimum was $1.25 an hour at the time of the 1964 survey, and raised to $1.40 on February 1, 1967, and to $1.60 on February 1, 1968. Regionally, average hourly earnings for produc tion workers in February 1968 ranged from $1.81 in the Southwest to $1.94 in the Middle Atlantic and Pacific. Workers in the Southeast averaged $1.84 and those in the Border States, $1.82. Average earnings for workers in the 12 States studied sep arately ranged from $1.78 in North Carolina to $1.94 in California (table 2). Increases in average earnings since May-June 1964 among these States, which accounted for about four-fifths of the industry’ s work force, ranged from 20 percent in California to 35 percent in Texas, and tended to narrow the difference in State averages. The February 1968 average in California, for example, exceeded that in North Carolina by 9 percent, whereas the cor responding spread was 19 percent in 1964. The 54,829 women covered by the study averaged $1.81 an hour in February 1968—22 cents less than the 7,946 men. Average wage advantages for men ranged from 15 cents an hour in the Southeast to 59 cents in the Pacific. Differences in average pay levels for men and women may be the result of several factors, including differences in the distri bution of the sexes among establishments and, as pointed out in the discussion of industry charac teristics, among jobs having different pay levels. Differences noted in averages for men and women in the same job and geographic location may reflect minor differences in duties. Job descriptions used in classifying workers in wage surveys are usually more generalized than those used in individual estab lishments because allowance must be made for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed. Also, earnings in some jobs are largely determined by production at piece rates. Variations in incentive earnings for individuals or The straight-time average hourly earnings in this bulletin differ in concept from the gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau's monthly hours and earnings series ($1.89 in Feb ruary 1968). Unlike the latter, the estimates presented here ex clude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi days, and late shifts. Average earnings were calculated by summing individual hourly earnings and dividing by the number of indivi duals; in the monthly series, the sum of the man-hour totals re ported by establishments in the industry was divided into the reported payroll totals. The estimates of the number of production workers within scope of the study is intended only as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. They differ from those published in the monthly series (67,300 in Feb ruary 1968) by the exclusion of establishments employing fewer than 20 workers. The advance planning necessary to make the survey required the use of lists of establishments assembled consid erably in advance of data collection. Thus,, establishments new to the industry are omitted, as are establishments originally classified in the work clothing industry, but found to be in other industries at the time of the survey. ^ Op. c it ., BLS Bulletin 1440. 7 The Federal minimum wage law applies to manufacturing establishments engaged in interstate commerce. Under specific conditions, workers certified as learners or handicapped workers may be psud less than the legal minimum. 5 sex groupings may be traceable to differences in work experience, effort, work flow, or other factors which the worker may or may not control. Percent of production workers earning less than— Region Middle Atlantic------------- -----Border S tates----------------------Southeast---------------------------Southwest---------------------- -----Great Lakes------------------------Middle West------------------------P a c if ic ------------------------- ------ $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 19.9 37.2 35.1 43.2 28.9 37.0 8.4 29.0 46.6 45.0 49.9 36.4 42.8 38.7 35.3 53.6 52.3 57.0 45.1 49.9 43.3 Among the five major product branches for which separate earnings are presented, nationwide aver ages were highest in work shirt plants ($1.88) and lowest in washable service apparel plants ($1.82). The wage relationships among these branches varied somewhat by region. In the Southeast, for example, workers in dungaree plants averaged 9 cents an hour more than those in work pants establishments ($1.91 compared with $1.82), whereas the averages for the two types of establishments were only 1 cent apart in the Border States and Southwest (table 1). Occupational Earnings Average hourly earnings of production workers did not vary significantly by the establishment’ s union agreement status, size of community, or size of establishment. Nationwide, hourly earnings aver aged 5 cents higher in union than in nonunion estab lishments ($1.87 compared with $1.82), 2 cents higher in metropolitan areas than in smaller com munities ($1.86 and $1.84), and 2 cents higher in establishments employing 250 workers or more than in smaller establishments ($1.85 and $1.83). Where comparisons were possible within the same region, average earnings, with a few exceptions, did not vary substantially by the above characteristics. It is not possible in a survey such as this to isolate and measure the exact influence of any one charac teristic, as a determinant of wage levels. The in terrelationship of characteristics, such as unioniza tion, size of establishment, and size of community, is pointed out in the d i s c u s s i o n of industry characteristics. The 44,363 sewing-machine operators, virtually all women and usually under incentive sytems, averaged $1.82 an hour. Their earnings levels varied by type of garment sewn, ranging from $1.77 for operators working on washable service apparel to $1.85 for those engaged in sewing work shirts. Earnings of nearly all production workers covered by the survey were between $1.60 and $3 an hour (table 3). Slightly more than one-third of the workers were paid at or slightly above the Federal mininum wage for manufacturing establishments, earning between $1.60 and $1.65 an hour. Sewing-machine operators, who are typically paid piece rates, con stituted three-fourths of the workers in the $1.60 to $1.65 earnings interval. As shown in the following tabulation, the proportions of workers at lower earn ings levels were greater in the three southern regions and the Middle West than in the other regions. Separate information was obtained for 20 occu pational classifications selected to represent earn ings levels for the various activities performed by production workers in the industry. 8 These jobs accounted for nearly nine-tenths of the industry’ s production workers. Average hourly earnings for the jobs studied ranged from $1.68 for janitors to $2.57 for sewing-machine repairmen (table 5), two jobs largely staffed by men and typically paid time rates. Men also were in the majority in the other two jobs which averaged at least $2.25 an hour, markers ($2.25), and machine cutters ($2.42). Of the six occupations for which earnings data could be presented in each of the regions, averages were lowest in the three southern regions (Border States, Southeast, and Southwest) and usually highest in the Pacific region. Unlike relationships found in many other industries, the interregional spread in average earnings was proportionately greater for higher paying occupations than for those in which lower earnings levels were recorded. For example, the difference by which the highest region average exceeded the lowest amounted to 8 percent for sewing-machine operators, compared with 34 per cent for sewing-machine repairmen and 45 percent for machine cutters. Data on occupational earnings also were devel oped by community size, establishment size, and Separate earnings data were obtained for four office jobs and are presented in table 5. 6 labor-management contract coverage. Tables 6 and 7 present occupational averages for union and non union plants by size of community and size of estab lishment. Nationwide, none of the major product branches enjoyed substantially higher occupational averages than any of the other branches (table 8). Regionally, however, differences were apparent. In the South east, for example, occupational averages in dunagree plants were generally higher than in plants manu facturing work pants; in the Border States, this relationship was reversed. Earnings of individual workers varied consider ably within the same job and general geographic lo cation. In many instances, particularly for jobs paid on an incentive basis, hourly earnings of the highest paid worker exceeded those of the lowest paid in the same job and State by $1 or more. Thus, some workers in a relatively low paid job (as measured by the average for all workers) earned as much as some workers in jobs for which higher averages were recorded. This is illustrated in the following tabu lation of the earnings of men machine cutters and women sewing-machine operators (overalls and in dustrial garments) in Tennessee, despite a 25-cent difference in the averages for the two jobs. Machine cutters Sewing-machine operators, over alls and industrial garments Item Men Women Average hourly earnings---- $2.09 $1. 84 Total workers------------------- 97 1,352 $1. 60 $1. 80 $2.00 $2. 20 $2. 40 $2. 60 8 34 24 24 4 3 790 250 166 82 36 28 and under $1. 8 0 -----and under $2. 0 0 -----and under $2. 2 0 -----and under $2. 4 0 -----and under $2. 6 0 -----and over------------------ Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Data also were obtained on work schedules, shift practices, and selected supplementary wage provi sions, including paid holidays, vacations, and various health, insurance, and pension plans. 9 Scheduled Weekly Hours and Shift Practices. Work schedules of 40 hours a week were in effect in establishments employing virtually all production and office workers (table 22). Shorter work schedules were reported for small proportions of the workers in the Border States, Southeast, and Great Lakes regions. Workers employed on late shifts accounted for less than 1 percent of the workers at the time of the study. Paid Holidays. Paid holidays were provided by establishments employing more than nine-tenths of the industry’ s production and office workers (table 23). Paid holiday provisions varied substantially within regions; most commonly, production workers were granted 6 days annually in the Southeast and Pacific regions and 7 days in all but one of the other regions. Provisions for 6 and 7 paid holidays were of equal importance in the Southwest. Excluding some exceptions, paid holiday provisions for office workers were similar to those for production workers. Paid Vacations. Paid vacations, after qualifying periods of service, were provided by establishments employing nearly all of the production workers and office workers (table 24). Typically, production workers were provided 1 week of vacation pay after 1 year of service and 2 weeks after 5 years. Pro visions for 3 weeks of paid vacation after 15 years of service applied to one-fourth of the production workers and were more prevalent in the Middle Atlantic, Middle West, and Pacific than in the other regions. Vacation provisions for office workers were generally similar to those for production workers. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans. Life, hos pitalization, and surgical insurance, for which em ployers paid all or part of the cost, were available to approximately four-fifths of the production work ers (table 25). Medical insurance applied to one-half of the production workers; accidental death and dis memberment insurance, to two-fifths; sickness and accident insurance, to about three-tenths; and ca tastrophe insurance, to about one-fifth. Regionally, 9 Establishments employing an estimated 17 percent of the workers contributed to union-administered health and welfare funds from which selected benefits were provided to the employees. These plans have been included in the tabulations. 7 the proportions of workers covered by these benefits varied considerably. Sickness and accident insur ance, for example, was available to virtually all of the production workers in the Middle Atlantic region, compared with nearly one-fifth in the Southeast. In several instances, smaller proportions of office workers than production workers were provided the various health and insurance benefits. A notable exception, however, was paid sick leave, which ap plied to one-third of the office workers but was rarely reported for production workers. Pension plans, providing regular payments on retirement for the remainder of the worker’ s life (in addition to Federal social security benefits), were provided by establishments employing three-tenths of the production workers and about two-fifths of the office workers. Almost all of the plans were em ployer financed. Regionally, the proportions of work ers provided retirement pension benefits were higher in the Middle Atlantic than in the other regions. Plans providing lump-sum payments at retirement seldom were found in the industry. Other Selected Benefits. Pay for jury duty was provided by establishments employing one-fourth of the production workers (table 26). This benefit applied to three-eighths of the workers in the South west; nearly three-tenths in the Pacific; nearly onefourth in the Middle West; approximately one-fifth in the Southeast, Great Lakes, and Border States; and to 5 percent of the workers in the Middle Atlan tic. Nearly one-third of the office workers in the industry were provided with this benefit. Funeral leave pay was available to only slightly more than one-eighth of the industry’ s work force. Only in the Border States did this benefit appear with any frequency—about two-fifths of the produc tion workers were covered. The proportion of work ers covered by paid funeral leave provisions did not exceed one-sixth in any of the other four regions where they were recorded (Middle West, Southwest, Great Lakes, and Southeast). Severance pay plans, providing payments to em ployees separated from the company through no fault of their own, were virtually nonexistent in the industry. T a b le 1. A v e ra g e H o u r ly E arnings: 00 B y S elected C h a ra cteristics (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of production w orkers in w ork clothing m anufacturing establishm ents by selected c h aracteristics, United States and selected regions, F ebruary 1968) United States 2 Middle Atlantic N um ber A verage Number A verage of of hourly hourly w orkers earnings w orkers earnings 2,078 $1. 94 A ll production w o rk e rs3 — __ — ---- 62, 775 $ 1. 84 2. 27 2. 03 376 7, 946 Men ___ _________ — ______ 1, 702 1. 81 1. 87 W om en---------------------------------------------- 54,829 M ajor product: 1. 85 D ungarees — — ___ — ----- - 15,067 1. 84 O veralls and ind ustrial g a rm e n ts___ 6, 578 1. 82 W ashable service apparel _ __ __ __ 4, 314 1. 83 28,434 Work p a n ts ------ — — ___ 6, 642 1. 88 W ork s h i r t s __ -_____________________ Size of community: M etropolitan a reas 4 ------------------------- 17,785 1. 86 2,078 1. 94 N onm etropolitan a r e a s _____ - ---44,990 1. 84 Size of establishm ent: 1,736 1. 96 1. 83 20-249 w o rk e rs _____________________ 29, 293 33,482 250 w orkers or m o re . __ _ — 1. 85 L abor-m anagem ent contracts: E stablishm ents with— 1. 87 1. 94 M ajority of w orkers c o v ered _____ 29, 771 1, 923 None or m inority of w orkers 1. 82 c o v ered -------------------------------------- 33,004 " " Item B order Numbe r of w orkers 9, 003 1, 168 7, 835 States A verage hourly earnings $ 1. 82 2. 01 1. 80 4, 599 3, 194 8, 378 3, 637 5, 366 1. 83 1.82 1. 83 1.82 1. 82 4, 336 1, 784 9,615 4, 529 2,489 20,522 11, 224 11, 787 L 91 1. 74 1. 82 1. 85 1. 90 1. 83 1. 81 1. 86 3, 844 9, 575 7, 795 7, 598 5, 181 10, 212 1. 81 1. 82 1. 78 1. 83 1. 81 1. 81 2,069 1, 777 2, 350 1,496 1. 90 1. 90 1. 90 1. 91 2,480 5, 733 4,418 2, 136 1. 87 1. 84 1. 81 1. 95 1,927 1,613 342 1, 883 1. 93 1. 94 1. 95 1. 94 3, 785 5, 218 1. 81 1. 83 6, 182 16, 829 1. 90 1. 81 7, 040 8, 353 1. 82 1. 80 2,564 1, 282 1. 89 1.93 5, 734 1. 87 2, 138 1. 93 Southeast N um ber A verage hourly of w orkers earnings 23,011 $ 1. 84 3,028 1. 97 1. 82 19, 983 Southwest G reat Numbe r A verage N um ber of hourly of w orkers earnings w orkers 3, 846 15, 393 $ 1. 81 453 1. 97 1, 817 13, 576 1. 78 3, 393 - M iddle Lakes A verage N um ber of hourly earnings w orkers $ 1. 90 6, 554 775 2. 29 1. 85 5, 779 - W est Pacific A verage N um ber A verage hourly of hourly earnings w orkers earnings 2, 225 $1. 94 $ 1. 86 202 2. 10 2. 47 2,023 1.83 1. 88 - - - ~ ” " - ■ 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for m ajor product classifications in addition to those shown separately. 4 Standard M etropolitan S tatistical A reas as defined by the Bureau of the Budget through A pril 1967. NOTE: D ashes indicate no data rep orted or data that do not m eet publication c rite ria . T a b le 2. A v e r a g e H o u r ly E a rn in g s an d E m p lo y m e n t C h aracteristics: S e le c te d States (Average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 and percent distribution of production w orkers in w ork clothing m anufacturing establishm ents by selected c h a ra c te ristic s, 12 selected S tates, F ebruary 1968) P ercen t of production w orkers em ployed in establishm ents according to— States Num ber of w ork ers A vera ge hourly earnings 1 M ajor products Dungarees A la b a m a _____________________ C a lifo rn ia ___________________ G eorgia ________________ ____ Indiana____ _________________ K e n tu ck y ----------------- --- ---------M is s is s ip p i ---------M is s o u r i __________ ____ — N orth C a r o lin a _____________ P en n sylva n ia ________________ T e n n e s s e e ---------------------------T exas ____________ __________ V irginia __ ------- ------- __ 3,0 3 8 1, 685 4, 618 2, 163 4, 785 4, 937 4, 923 1, 616 1, 608 8, 334 10,207 3 ,450 $ 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 90 94 81 93 81 83 85 78 91 84 83 86 O veralls and industrial garm ents 37 10 - - 11 14 54 6 14 8 - 5 9 51 24 18 12 17 25 14 58 7 1 W ashable se r v ic e apparel 6 13 22 13 - 12 16 13 _ - W ork pants 40 84 62 30 27 26 50 37 46 44 W ork shirts 8 3 5 26 5 54 20 _ 13 70 33 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. NOTE: Because of rounding, sum s of individual item s may not equal 100. Com m unity size ' Other w ork clothing - 11 - 9 8 M e tro politan areas 11 80 14 47 - 4 10 7 100 14 63 - N onm e tro politan areas 89 20 86 53 100 96 90 93 86 37 100 E stablishm ent size 20-249 w ork ers 250 w ork ers or m ore 33 19 65 31 49 49 67 67 81 35 69 51 51 61 39 21 60 73 84 79 40 27 16 33 Labor -m anagem ent con tract cov era g e None or M ajority m in ority o f w ork ers o f w ork ers co v e re d c ov ered 31 95 _ 83 53 28 96 92 42 69 5 100 17 47 72 4 100 8 38 58 62 29 71 T a b le 3. E a rn in g s D is t r ib u t io n : A ll E stablish m en ts (P ercen t distribution o f production w o rk e rs in w ork clothing m anufacturing establishm ents by average straigh t-tim e hourly e arn in gs, 1 United States and se le cte d r e g io n s , F eb ru ary 1968) A verage hourly earnings 1 U nder $1.60 _______________________________________ $ 1 . 60 and under $1.65 ____________________________ $1.65 and under $1.70 ____________________________ $ 1 . 70 and under $1.75 ____________________________ $ 1.75 and under $1.80 ____________________________ $ 1.80 and under $1.85 ________________________ $1.85 and under $1.90 ____________________________ $ 1 . 90 and under $1 .95 ____________________________ $1.95 and under $2.00 ___________________________ _ $ 2 . 00 and under $2. 10 ____________________________ $2. 10 and under $2. 20 ____________ ________________ $2. 20 and under $2. 30 ___________________________ _ $2. 30 and under $2. 40 ____________________________ $2. 40 and under $2.50 ____________________________ $2. 50 and under $2.60 ____________________________ $2. 60 and under $2. 70 ____________________________ $2. 70 and under $2.80 ____________________________ $2. 80 and under $2.90 ____________________________ $2. 90 and under $3.00 ----------------------- ------------------------$ 3. 00 and over ____________________________________ Total ________ ________________________________ Num ber of w o rk e rs ________________________________ M en_____________________________________________ Women _________________________________________ A verage hourly earnings 1__________________________ Men _____________________________________________ Women _____________________________________ __ United States 2 1. 3 34. 5 9. 1 7. 1 7.4 5.9 4.8 4.0 3. 5 6.0 4.2 3. 1 2. 5 1.8 1. 3 .8 .7 .6 .4 1.2 100. 0 62,775 7,946 54,829 $1.84 2. 03 1. 81 Middle A tlantic B order States Southeast Southwest G reat Lakes 0.9 19. 0 9. 1 6. 3 12. 5 5. 1 5.2 3.8 2.9 10. 8 5. 1 4. 1 4.8 2. 5 1. 8 1.2 1. 1 1. 0 .6 2. 3 100. 0 2. 2 35.0 9.4 7.0 7. 1 6. 5 5. 3 3.8 3.8 5. 3 3. 7 2.6 2.4 1. 5 1.4 .8 . 5 . 5 .4 .8 100. 0 9,003 1, 168 7,835 $1.82 2.01 1.80 0. 8 34.3 9.9 7. 3 6.8 6.0 4.9 3.9 3. 7 6. 1 4 .4 3.4 2. 3 1.8 1. 3 1.2 42.0 6.7 7. 1 7.7 5.7 4. 1 3.6 3.0 5.2 3.9 2.4 1.8 1.5 2.7 26,2 7. 5 8.7 7.0 4.7 4. 3 5. 1 4.2 7. 7 4.8 3. 7 2.8 2.5 2, 078 376 1,702 $1.94 2. 27 1. 87 . 7 . 7 .4 . 3 .9 100.0 23,011 3,028 19,983 $1.84 1.97 1.82 .9 .6 .6 .6 .2 .9 100.0 15,393 1,817 13,576 $18. 1 1.97 1.78 2.0 1.4 .9 1. 1 .5 2. 1 100.0 3,846 453 3, 393 $1.90 2.29 1.85 M iddle W est Pacific 1.6 35.4 5.8 7. 1 7. 7 6. 7 5. 1 4. 3 3. 1 5.0 3. 6 3. 1 3.4 1.9 1,6 1. 3 0.4 8.0 30. 3 4.6 5.0 5. 1 5.7 4.8 4. 0 9.4 5. 1 3. 2 3. 5 2.6 1. 5 1.4 1. 1 .4 .8 .6 . 5 1.4 100. 0 6,554 775 5,779 $1 .86 io 1.83 .8 3.2 100.0 2.225 202 2,023 $1.94 2.47 1.88 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, h olid ays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sum s of individual item s m ay not equal 100. (0 T a b le 4. E arn in gs D is tr ib u t io n : By M a jo r O P rod u ct (P ercent distribution of production w orkers in w ork clothing m anufacturing establishm ents by average straight-tim e hourly e arn in g s1 and ijnajor product, United States and selected regions, F ebruary 1968) A verage hourly earnings 1 Under $1.60 __________________________________ $ 1. 60 and under $ 1. 65 $1. 65 and under $ 1 . 7 0 _______ __ $ 1. 70 and under $ 1 .7 5 ________________________ $ 1. 75 and under $ 1 . 8 0 ____ $1.80 and under $ 1 .8 5 ________________________ $ 1.85 and under $1.90 _ ____ $1.90 and under $ 1. 9 5 ________________________ $ 1.95 and under $2. 0 0 ________________________ $2. 00 and under $2. 1 0 ________________________ $2.10 and under $ 2 .2 0 ________________________ $2. 20 and under $2. 3 0 ________________________ $2. 30 and under $2.40 __ _ ___ $2. 40 and under $ 2 . 5 0 ______ $2. 50 and under $2. 6 0 ________________________ $2. 60 and under $2. 7 0 ________________________ $2. 70 and under $2. 8 0 __________ ____________ _ $2. 80 and under $2. 9 0 _________ ______________ $2. 90 and under $ 3. 0 0 ________________________ $ 3. 00 and o v e r________________________________ T o ta l______ ___ _______ ___ ___ _ __ N um ber of w orkers ___________________________ A verage hourly earnings i.______________________ D ungarees United State s 2 B order States South east Southwe st 1.9 33. 1 7.2 7.9 7.9 6.0 4. 7 3.9 3.4 6. 3 4. 3 3.4 2.6 2. 2 1.4 1. 0 .8 .6 .4 1.2 100. 0 15,067 $1.85 1.4 34. 7 8.5 7. 5 7.2 7. 2 5.2 4.2 3. 5 6. 5 3. 5 2.9 2. 3 1. 5 1.2 .6 .4 .3 .3 1.0 100. 0 4,599 $1.83 1.0 31. 1 6. 2 6.5 7. 5 5. 1 4.0 4.4 3.4 6.9 5. 3 4. 5 3.4 3.0 2. 1 1. 2 1.6 .4 .7 1.9 100. 0 4, 336 $1.91 2.2 35.4 7.4 9.8 9. 1 6.2 4. 5 3. 3 3. 1 4.9 4.0 2. 7 2. 1 1. 7 .8 .7 .4 .6 .2 .8 100. 0 3,844 $1.81 W ashable service app arel United South east State s 2 United States 2 B order State s South east Southwe st Middle West P acific 0.4 56.9 6. 0 6.8 4.8 4.7 3.8 1.8 2. 1 3.4 4. 3 .8 1.4 .4 .6 .4 .4 .1 .8 100. 0 1,784 $1. 74 1. 1 35. 1 10. 6 6. 3 7. 2 6.2 4.6 4. 0 3. 6 5.7 4. 2 2.8 2. 3 1. 7 1. 1 .8 .6 .6 .4 1. 1 100. 0 28,434 $1.83 2. 5 39.9 7. 0 6. 0 6.6 5.9 4. 7 3. 6 3.9 4. 3 3.9 2. 1 2.4 1.4 1.8 1. 1 .6 1. 0 .3 1.0 100. 0 3, 194 $1.82 1. 1 34. 1 12.6 7. 1 6. 7 6. 2 4.9 3.8 3. 5 5.6 4.4 3. 1 2.0 1.5 1.0 .7 .4 .3 .3 .7 100.0 9,615 $1.82 1.0 41.4 6.7 5.4 8. 1 5.9 4.0 4. 0 3. 2 5.2 4. 3 2.4 2. 0 1. 7 .9 .7 .8 .8 .3 1. 1 100. 0 9, 575 $1.82 0. 2 30. 3 6.4 8. 1 7. 6 8. 6 6.2 5.4 3.9 5.8 3.8 2.9 3. 6 1.6 1.7 1. 1 .8 .5 .6 1. 1 100. 0 2,480 $1.87 0. 5 8.9 30. 7 4. 7 4.9 5.2 4. 6 4. 7 4. 0 9. 3 4. 3 3.7 3. 5 2. 7 1. 5 1. 5 1. 1 .5 .6 3. 3 100. 0 1,927 $1.93 1. 0 42.8 6.9 7.5 6. 3 5. 0 4.4 3.8 2.2 5.4 4. 7 1. 6 2.4 1. 5 1.0 .6 .6 .5 .3 1. 5 100. 0 4, 314 $1.82 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Because of rounding, stuns of individual item s may not equal 100. Work pants Work sh irts U nited' South State s 2 east 0.9 25.9 9.9 6. 3 8. 2 6.9 5. 7 4 .4 5. 1 7. 5 4. 6 4 .2 3.0 2.4 1.8 .8 .8 .5 .3 .9 100. 0 6,642 $1.88 0.4 27.9 11.4 6.7 6. 5 7.4 6.4 4. 5 5. 5 6.8 4 .5 4.0 2.4 2.0 1. 3 .4 .6 .4 .2 .7 100. 0 4,529 $1.85 T a b ic 5. O c c u p a t io n a l A v e r a g e s : A ll E sta blish m en ts (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w orkers in selected occupations in work clothing m anufacturing establishm ents, United States and selected regions, F ebruary 1968) Occupation and sex Selected production occupations A ssem b lers _ _ _ _ _ _ M en. ___________________________________________ Women____________________________________ _____ C u tters, m achine (927 m en and 43 women) __ F o ld ers, garm ent _ __ ............... ...... ........ Men __ _ ____ _ W omen_______________________________________ Hand (253 women and 28 men) _ _ Hand and m achine (all w om en)__________________ M achine (48 women and 11 m e n )________________ G arm ent rep airm en (232 women and 6 m en )__ _____ Insp ectors, final (2, 684 women and 46 m e n )_______ Jan ito rs ___________________________________________ M en _____________________________________________ W om en__________________________________________ M arkers (197 m en and 115 women) P re s s e rs , finish, hand(157 women and 9 m en )_____ P re s s e rs , finish, hand and m achine (all women)___ P re s s e rs , finish, m a c h in e _________________________ Men _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ W o m en_________ ________________________________ R epairm en, sewing m achine (all men) Sewing-m achine o p e ra to rs3_________________________ M e n -------------------------------------------------------------Women _ _ ___ .. _ D ungarees (9, 657 women and 55 men) __________ O veralls and ind ustrial garm ents (4, 963 women and 27 m en )___ _ __________ W ashable service apparel (all women) _________ Work pants (16, 923 women and 265 men) _______ Work sh irts (5, 255 women and 7 m en) ___, Shipping clerks (305 m en and 63 women) __________ S preaders (474 m en and 63 w om en)________________ Stock clerk s (302 m en and 47 w om en)______________ Thread trim m e rs (504 women and 25 men) _______ _ U n d erp ressers, hand___________________ ___________ Men _ __ ____ Women __________________________________________ U n d erp ressers, m achine M en_____________________ ________________ ____ ____ Women _________________________________________ Watchmen (all men) __________________________ ____ Work d is trib u to rs _________ _______________________ _ M en_____________________________________________ Women _ _ ... _ __ _ _ ______ Selected office occupations C lerks, general (773 women and 22 men) _____ , C lerks, payroll (354 women and 3 m e n )____________ Stenographers, general (all women) ___ _ T ypists, class B (all w om en)_____________________ United Middle B order G reat Middle Southeast Southwest Pacific States 2 A tlantic Lakes States W est Number Average Num ber A verage Num ber A verage N um ber A verage Number A verage Num ber A verage Num ber A verage Number A verage of hourly of hourly hourly of of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earning 8 w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings 267 $ 1. 85 140 1. 91 127 1. 78 970 2.42 368 1.82 39 1. 74 329 1.83 281 1.81 28 1. 68 59 1.97 238 1. 75 2,730 1.84 624 1. 68 471 1. 70 153 1.64 312 2.25 166 1.86 69 2.03 1,582 1.92 546 2. 01 1,036 1.88 698 2. 57 44,363 1. 82 361 1.92 44,002 1.82 9, 712 1. 84 4,990 1.83 2,837 1.77 17,188 1.81 5,262 1.85 368 2. 00 537 1.96 349 1. 82 529 1.82 222 1. 88 92 2.02 130 1. 78 219 1.76 47 1. 82 172 1.75 88 1. 70 1,345 1. 72 1,027 1. 72 318 1. 73 795 357 49 62 1. 88 1.96 2. 11 1.84 _ _ 62 _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 7 _ _ _ 10 _ 44 _ _ 13 1,356 1,330 _ _ 324 426 _ _ _ 54 _ _ _ _ _ 7 63 54 - _ _ $2.87 _ _ _ _ _ 1. 73 1.74 _ _ _ 1.81 _ 2. 23 _ _ 2. 93 1.87 1.87 _ _ 1.85 1.80 _ _ 1. 73 _ _ _ 1.86 1. 70 1. 70 - 41 29 _ 182 25 _ 23 12 _ _ 24 462 92 73 19 42 _ _ 229 115 114 104 6,431 34 6, 397 3, 159 743 1,913 _ 105 65 33 59 20 17 63 16 47 8 192 170 22 36 18 2. 19 2. 34 79 65 - - “ $1.82 109 71 1.89 _ 38 2. 32 283 1. 77 188 _ 17 1.75 171 143 1.92 _ 16 _ 29 1. 74 71 1.81 989 1.64 250 1.65 179 1. 61 71 2. 22 106 _ 115 _ _ 1.95 686 280 1. 98 1.92 406 2. 38 266 1.80 15,997 2. 06 100 1.80 15,897 1.80 2, 914 1.77 2, 168 941 1.79 5,654 _ 3,291 111 1.91 2.03 197 122 1. 76 205 1. 76 2. 13 69 27 2. 18 _ 42 1.82 77 13 1.95 64 1. 78 1.65 44 1. 68 566 1. 67 446 120 1. 74 1. 79 1.90 - - 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for op erators in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: D ashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication c rite ria . - 231 114 21 7 $1.86 47 18 1.92 1. 73 2.23 149 1. 80 92 1.72 18 1.80 74 71 1.78 _ 1. 74 1.90 21 73 1. 73 1. 85 673 1.65 159 1.65 115 44 1. 63 2. 10 68 _ 1.92 _ _ 507 1.94 2. 06 118 1. 85 389 2. 53 186 1.82 11,177 164 1.96 1.82 11,013 1.88 2, 362 . 1.82 _ 1.71 1.80 5,673 1.84 805 1.97 27 115 1.90 1.80 51 206 1.88 112 1.81 31 1.95 1. 71 81 43 1. 72 _ 1. 78 41 1.71 1. 68 22 1. 71 289 225 1. 71 64 1.68 $1.68 1.80 _ 2.42 1. 82 1.63 1.87 1.78 _ 1.97 1. 72 1.81 1.69 1. 71 1. 64 2. 18 _ _ 1.81 1. 76 1.83 2. 63 1.79 1. 78 1.79 1.84 _ _ 1.79 1.84 2.01 1.99 1.85 1. 79 1.84 1.93 1. 80 1. 74 _ 1.75 1. 70 1.69 1.69 1.69 _ _ _ 99 21_ 19 19_ _ 23 206 40 28 12 21 _ 69 _ > _ 44 2,686 _ 2,682 260 669 622 380 _ 34 53 56 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 36 71 178 98 9 35 1. 76 1.92 2.09 1. 75 102 13 7 13 1.89 1.93 2. 16 1.74 15 _ 12 _ _ $2.62 128 1.84 34 _ » 34 1. 76 28 1. 76 _ _ _ _ 10 1.91 1.95 246 1.80 63 1.85 58 _ 1.69 2. 79 19 _ 12 _ 2. 03 _ 63 _ 18 _ 45 2. 81 73 1.84 4,815 _ _ 1.84 4,784 1.80 648 1.83 1,018 1.85 670 1.82 1,825 _ 580 2. 32 58 1.95 39 48 1.86 _ _ _ _ _ 30 _ _ 14 _ 1. 85 96 68 1.87 1.84 28 $1.87 1.90 _ 2. 34 1.95 _ 1.95 1.92 _ _ 1.66 1. 81 1. 72 1. 73 _ 2.42 1.80 _ 2. 32 2.49 2.25 2. 54 1.83 _ 1.83 1.76 1.88 1.66 1.85 1.97 1.80 2.06 1.89 _ _ _ _ 1.80 _ 1. 83 _ 1.80 1.82 1.78 9 _ 9 46 _ _ _ _ _ 31 98 12 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 1,503 _ 1,503 _ 44 188 1, 150 _ 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 27 - $1.75 _ 1. 75 3.23 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.80 1.93 1.86 1.88 _ _ _ _ . _ _ 3. 20 1.93 _ 1.93 121 41 1. 78 1.90 29 7 ” 2.20 2.43 2.09 2.07 2.02 1.91 - " - " 1.77 1.93 1.93 _ 2.59 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.85 1.85 - - “ T a b le 6. O c c u p a t io n a l A v e ra g e s: By L a b o r -M a n a g e m e n t C o n tr a c t C o v e r a g e an d C o m m u n it y Size (Number and average straig h t-tim e hourly earn in g s1 of w orkers in selected occupations in w ork clothing m anufacturing establisnm ents by labor-m anagem ent contract coverage and size of community, United States and selected reg ion s, F ebruary 1968) Sex, occupation, and size of com munity Men C utters, m ach in e---------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s --------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s --------------Ja n ito rs------------------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s --------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s --------------P re s s e rs , finish, m achine ------------M etropolitan a r e a s --------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s --------------R epairm en, sewing m a c h in e ----------M etropolitan a r e a s --------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s --------------Spreaders ---------------------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s --------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s --------------Work d istrib u to rs---------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s --------------------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ----------:----Women F o ld ers, garm ent ----- ------M etropolitan a r e a s -----N onm etropolitan a reas ■ Inspectors, final ------------M etropolitan area N onm etropolitan a reas — P r e s s e rs , finish, m achine M etropolitan a r e a s -------N onm etropolitan areas — Sew ing-m achine op erators 3 M etropolitan areas N onm etropolitan a r e a s ----D ungareesM etropolitan a reas ■ N onm etropolitan a r e a s ----W ashable service a p p a re l----M etropolitan a r e a s ----------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ----Work p a n ts---------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s ----------N onm etropolitan a r e a s ----Work s h irts M etropolitan areas N onm etropolitan areas ■ T hread tr im m e r s ----------------M etropolitan areas N onm etropolitan areas ■ See footnotes at end of table. United States 2 Middle A tlantic B order States Southeast E stab lish E stablishm ents E s tablishm ents E stablishm ents withAll m ents with— All with-— All with— estab lish estab lish lish M ajority None or or None or M ajority estab e s tabli shm ent s M ajority mNone M ajority covered m inority m ents m ents m ents m inority inority covered covered covered covered covered covered Num ber Average Number Average Number A verage hourly hourly A verage hourly earnings of of of hourly w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings 927 347 580 471 111 360 546 186 360 698 177 521 474 153 321 1,027 289 738 $ 2.45 2. 65 2. 33 1.70 1.73 1.68 2.01 2.02 2.01 2. 57 2. 76 2. 51 1.97 2.01 1.95 1.72 1.69 1.73 473 218 255 213 49 164 225 _ 119 291 83 208 209 95 114 444 136 308 $2. 56 2.73 2. 41 1.74 1.77 1.73 2.20 2. 25 2.63 2.86 2.54 2.01 2.09 1.94 1.74 1.74 1.74 454 129 325 258 62 196 321 80 241 407 94 313 265 58 207 583 153 430 $2. 33 2. 52 2. 26 1. 66 1.70 1.64 1.88 1.86 1.88 2. 53 2. 66 2.49 1.94 1.89 1.95 1.70 1.65 1.72 329 131 198 2,684 704 1,980 1,036 358 678 44,002 12,025 31,977 9,657 1,637 8,020 2,837 826 2,011 16,923 4,948 11,975 5,255 1,582 3,673 504 217 287 1.83 1.79 1.86 1.84 1.82 1.85 1.88 1.89 1.87 1.82 1. 82 1.82 1.84 1.92 1.82 1.77 1.87 1.73 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.85 1.86 1.85 1.81 1.77 1.84 149 61 88 1,203 398 805 375 110 265 21,239 6,661 14,578 4,962 1,326 3,636 1,563 591 972 8,966 2,885 6,081 1,895 609 1,286 189 56 133 1.89 1.90 1.89 1.84 1.82 1.85 1.94 2.03 1.89 1.84 1.87 1.83 1.85 1.97 1.81 1.80 1.91 1.73 1.83 1.81 1. 84 1.87 1.95 1.84 1.80 1.70 1.85 180 70 110 1,481 306 1,175 661 248 413 22,763 5,364 17,399 4,695 311 4,384 1,274 235 1,039 7,957 2,063 5,894 3,360 973 2,387 315 161 154 1.78 1.70 1.83 1.84 1.80 1.85 1.84 1. 82 1.85 1.79 1.76 1.80 1. 82 1.69 1.83 1,74 1. 78 1.73 1. 78 1. 80 1.77 1.84 1.80 1.86 1.81 1.79 1.83 $2.87 2.87 _ - . _ 2.93 2.93 _ 1.70 1. 70 " 1.69 1.69 - - 1.87 1.87 _ 1.85 1.85 1.80 1.80 1.73 1.73 $2. 89 2.89 _ - 3.05 3.05 1. 70 1.70 “ 1.69 1.69 1.87 1.87 1.85 1.85 1.69 1.69 $2. 33 2. 27 1.65 1.66 1.98 _ 2.03 2. 38 _ 2. 37 2.03 2. 09 1.67 1.69 $2. 25 2. 20 1.65 , . 2.40 . 2. 39 _ " 1,75 1.90 1.81 1. 82 1.92 1.94 1.80 . 1.81 1.80 1.80 . , 1.79 • 1.81 . 1.73 1.73 1.82 1.82 1.79 . 1,79 1.84 . - $2. 39 2. 33 1.66 1.66 1.85 1.89 2. 36 2. 36 2.04 2.13 1.68 1.70 $2. 25 2.16 2. 26 1.65 1,62 1.66 2.06 . 2.03 2. 53 2. 61 2. 52 1.89 1.78 1.91 1.71 1.69 1.72 $2. 50 . 2.57 1.69 1.69 2.14 . 2.20 2. 59 . 2. 50 1.84 . 1.87 1.74 _ 1.75 $2.19 2.16 2. 20 1.64 1.62 1.65 1.96 1.94 2.51 2. 36 2.53 1.91 1.82 1.91 1.71 1.67 1.71 , r 1.79 r 1.82 2.07 2.13 1.81 1.82 1.83 . 1.83 1.78 1.80 , . 1. 70 .. 1. 70 1,80 _ 1.79 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 • 1.83 1.82 1.92 1.81 1.88 , 1.83 1.71 _ 1.71 1.80 . 1,79 1. 84 1.77 1.84 1.86 _ 1.86 1.84 . 1.82 1.98 . 1.97 1.98 1.92 1.89 * 1.86 2.00 . „ . _ 1.87 1.87 1.83 1.83 1.86 . 1.86 1.78 1.78 1.81 1.72 1.81 1.81 • 1,81 1.80 1.82 1.79 1.81 . 1.82 1.71 . 1.71 1.78 _ 1.77 1.84 1.77 1,85 1,87 _ 1.87 T a b le 6. O c c u p a t io n a l A verages: B y L a b o r -M a n a g e m e n t C o n tr a c t C o v e r a g e an d C o m m u n it y Size— C o n tin u e d (Number and average straig h t-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w orkers in selected occupations in w ork clothing m anufacturing establishm ents by labor-m anagem ent contract coverage and size of com m unity, United States and selected regions, F eb ru ary 1968) Sex, occupation, and size of com m unity Men C u tters, m ach in eM etropolitan a re a s Nonm etropolitan a re a s Ja n ito rs---------------------------M etropolitan are N onm etropplitan a reas — P r e s s e rs , finish, m achine ■ M etropolitan a r e a s -------N onm etropolitan a reas — R epairm en, sewing m achine • M etropolitan areas N onm etropolitan a reas S p re a d e rs------------------------M etropolitan a r e a s ----N onm etropolitan a reas Work d is trib u to r s -----------M etropolitan a r e a s -------N onm etropolitan a reas — F o ld ers, g arm ent------------M etropolitan a r e a s -----N onm etropolitan a re a s In sp ecto rs, final M etropolitan a r e a s --------N onm etropolitan a reas — P r e s s e rs , finish, m achine M etropolitan a r e a s --------N onm etropolitan a reas — Sew ing-m achine op erators 3 M etropolitan a reas N onm etropolitan a re a s D ungareesM etropolitan a r e a s -----N onm etropolitan a reas W ashable service app arel M etropolitan a r e a s -----N onm etropolitan a reas Work p an tsM etropolitan a re a s N onm etropolitan a re a s Work sh irts M etropolitan a r e a s -----N onm etropolitan a reas T hread tr im m e r s -----------------M etropolitan a r e a s -----N onm etropolitan a reas - All establish m ents Southwest E stablishm ents with— None or M ajority m inority covered covered All e sta b lish m ents $2.45 2.44 2.46 1.71 1.68 1.75 1.76 1.76 2. 63 2.71 2. 55 1.98 2.03 1.92 1.69 1.65 1.74 $2. 68 2. 67 2. 69 1,80 _ 1.88 2. 64 2. 68 2. 62 2.08 _ 1.96 1.71 1.73 $2. 30 2. 32 2. 27 1.66 1.69 1.61 1. 74 _ 2. 62 2. 72 2.47 1.91 1.93 1.89 1.68 1.65 1.75 $2. 65 2.70 2. 53 1.85 2.01 1.72 2. 81 2.92 2.73 1.95 2.03 1.87 1.89 $2. 51 2.56 2.41 1.81 1.92 1.71 2. 66 2.82 2.48 1.91 2. 00 1.84 1.91 $2.83 2. 86 2. 73 2.00 3. 11 3.05 1.94 - “ “ - 1.87 1.75 2.03 1.82 1.78 1.85 1.83 1.83 1.84 1.79 1.76 1.82 1.84 1.71 1.85 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.84 1.81 _ 1.79 1.78 1.90 _ _ 1. 69 1. 64 1. 74 1. 83 1. 83 1.81 1. 77 1. 83 1. 84 1. 83 _ 1.79 1. 81 _ 1.84 1.77 1.93 1.89 1.97 1.83 1.83 1.77 1.75 1.80 1.84 _ 1.88 _ 1.77 1.80 1.85 1.82 1.78 1.78 1.76 1.63 1.95 1.99 1.90 1.84 1.83 1.86 1.80 1.78 1.85 1.86 1.82 - _ _ - ” 1 Excludes prem uim pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for w orkers in classifications in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: D ashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication c rite ria. G reat Lakes E stablishm ents with— None or M ajority m inority covered covered A verage hourly earnings 1 _ - * _ 1.95 2.07 1.80 1.85 1.88 1.81 1.81 - 1.89 _ 1.82 _ " 1.63 1.63 _ 1.92 1.65 2.06 1.84 1.75 1.94 _ 1.80 - " Middle W est P acific E stablishm ents E stablishm ents All with— with— All e sta b lish e sta b lish M ajority M ajority m ents m ents covered covered $2. 37 2. 32 1.73 1.72 2.49 2.49 2. 54 2. 50 2.06 2.03 1.82 1.81 $2. 36 2. 31 1.76 _ 1.74 2. 49 _ 2.49 2. 64 2. 61 2.09 2. 06 1.82 1.81 $3. 23 3. 23 1.88 _ 3. 20 3.42 1.85 1.85 $3. 15 3. 12 1. 88 _ 3. 20 3. 42 _ 1.85 1.85 " ■ 1.93 _ 1.87 1.81 1.81 2. 25 2. 21 1.83 1.82 1.76 _ 1.73 1.66 1.66 1.84 1.84 1.97 1.86 1.95 _ 1.87 1.82 1.82 2. 34 _ 1.83 _ 1.82 1.78 _ 1.75 1.66 _ 1.66 1.84 1.84 1.98 1.87 _ _ 1.93 1.85 _ _ 1.93 1.91 _ _ 1.93 1.93 _ 1.93 1.91 - - ' - _ - " _ _ 1.93 1.85 _ _ _ _ 1.93 1.91 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.93 1.91 _ _ _ “ T a b le 7. O c c u p a t io n a l A v e ra g e s: By L a b o r -M a n a g e m e n t C o n tr a c t C overage an d E sta blish m en t Size (Number and average straig h t-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w orkers in selected occupations in w ork clothing m anufacturing establishm ents by labor-m anagem ent contract coverage and size of establishm ent, United States and selected regions, F ebruary 1968) Sex, occupation, and size of establishm ent Men C u tters, m ach in e---------------20—249 w o rk e rs--------------250 w orkers or m o re -----Ja n ito rs------------------------------20—249 w o rk e rs--------------250 w orkers or m o re -----P r e s s e rs , finish, m achine 20—249 w orkers -------------250 w orkers or m o re -----R epairm en, sewing m achine' 20—249 w o r k e rs -------------250 w orkers or m o re -----S preaders ---------------------------20—249 w o rk e rs--------------250 w orkers or m o re -----Work d is trib u to r s --------------20—249 w o rk ers--------------250 w orkers or m o re -----Women F o ld e rs, g a rm e n t------------------20—249 w o rk e rs------------------250 w orkers or m o re --------In sp ec to rs, fin a l--------------------20—249 w orkers ----------------250 w orkers or m o re --------P r e s s e rs , finish, m a c h in e ----20—249 w orkers ----------------250 w orkers or m o re --------Sew ing-m achine op erators 3 — 20—249 w orkers ------------250 w orkers or m o re ----D ungarees--------------------------20—249 w o rk e rs-------------250 w orkers or m o re ----W ashable service apparel — 20~249 w o rk ers-------------250 w orkers or m o re ----Work p a n ts -----------------------20~249 w o r k e rs ------------250 w orkers or m o re ----Work sh irts -----------------------20—249 w orkers ------------250 w orkers or m o re ----T hread tr im m e r s -------------------20—249 w o r k e rs -----------------250 w orkers or m o re --------See footnotes at end of table. Middle A tlantic United States 2 B order States Southeast E stab lish E stablishm ents E stablishm ents E stablishm ents withAll m ents with— All with— All All with— e stablish estab lish establish None or or estab lish None or M ajority M ajority m inority m ents M ajority mNone m ents m ents M ajority covered m inority inority m ents covered covered covered covered covered covered N um ber Average Number Average Number A verage hourly of hourly A verage hourly earnings of hourly of w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings 927 575 352 471 234 237 546 168 378 698 335 363 474 246 228 1,027 484 543 $2. 45 2. 38 2. 55 1.70 1. 67 1.72 2.01 2.07 1.98 2. 57 2. 59 2. 55 1.97 1.88 2.07 1.72 1. 72 1.72 473 259 214 213 82 131 225 43 182 291 104 187 209 88 121 444 164 280 $2.56 2.49 2. 64 1.74 1.71 1.76 2. 20 2. 38 2.16 2.63 2. 68 2.61 2.01 1.96 2.04 1.74 1.73 1.75 454 316 138 258 152 106 321 125 196 407 231 176 265 158 107 583 320 263 $2. 33 2. 30 2.42 1.66 1. 65 1.67 1. 88 1.96 1. 82 2. 53 2. 56 2.49 1.94 1.83 2. 10 1.70 1.71 1. 68 $2. 87 2. 87 _ _ _ _ 2.93 2. 88 _ _ _ 1. 70 1.70 " $2.89 2. 89 - _ 1.70 1.70 “ $2. 33 2. 27 2.41 1.65 1.66 1.65 1.98 1.81 2. 18 2. 38 2.49 2. 28 2.03 1.79 2. 24 1.67 1.69 1.66 329 155 174 2,684 1,341 1,343 1,036 343 693 44,002 20,630 23,372 9,657 4,774 4,883 2,837 2,281 556 16,923 6,113 10,810 5,255 2,972 2,283 504 218 286 1.83 1.78 1.88 1.84 1.83 1.85 1.88 1.85 1. 89 1.82 1.80 1.83 1.84 1.81 1.87 1.77 1.75 1.84 1.81 1.79 1.82 1.85 1.84 1.87 1.81 1. 72 1.87 149 43 106 1,203 401 802 375 70 305 21,239 7,436 13,803 4,962 1,825 3,137 1,563 1,319 _ 8,966 2,095 6,871 1,895 684 1,211 189 80 109 1.89 1.81 1.93 1.81 1.82 1.85 1.94 2.15 1.89 1.84 1.82 1.86 1.85 1.82 1.87 1.80 1.75 1.83 1.84 1.83 1.87 1.85 1.88 1.80 1.75 1.84 180 112 68 1,481 940 541 661 273 388 22,763 13,194 9,569 4, 695 2,949 1,746 1,274 962 _ 7,957 4,018 3,939 3,360 2,288 1,072 315 138 177 1. 78 1.77 1.81 1.84 1.84 1. 84 1.84 1. 78 1. 89 1.79 1.79 1. 80 1. 82 1. 80 1.86 1. 74 1.76 1. 78 1.76 1.79 1.84 1. 83 1. 86 1. 81 1.70 1.89 _ _ 1.69 1.69 _ _ _ 1.87 1.89 _ _ _ _ 1.85 1.85 1.80 1.83 _ 1.73 1. 73 “ 1.69 1.69 1. 87 1.89 1.85 1.85 1.69 1.69 " 1.75 _ _ 1.81 1.82 1.80 1.92 1.81 1.94 1.80 1.79 1.81 1.80 1.80 1.80 _ 1.79 1.76 1.81 1.73 1.66 " - 3.05 3.01 - $2. 25 2. 25 2. 26 1.65 1.63 1.65 - 2.40 2. 55 2. 28 - - 1. 82 1.99 1.77 - 1.79 1.78 _ 1.79 " $2. 39 2. 30 2. 58 1.66 1.70 1.64 1.85 1.81 1.94 2. 36 2.45 2. 29 2.04 1.75 2. 38 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.79 1.76 1.83 2.07 1.85 1.81 1.80 1.82 1.83 1.83 1.83 1.78 1.77 1.79 1. 70 1.66 ” $2. 25 2. 13 2. 40 1. 65 1. 64 1. 67 2.06 2. 12 2.04 2. 53 2. 62 2.45 1.89 1.80 1.98 1.71 1. 71 1.72 1. 80 1. 77 1. 83 1.85 1. 80 1.91 1.85 1. 77 1.90 1.82 1.79 1.85 1. 88 1. 78 1.98 1. 71 1.71 1. 80 1.78 . 1.81 1. 84 1.84 1.82 1.86 1.73 1.94 $2. 50 2. 36 2. 52 1.69 1.64 1.71 2.14 _ 2. 12 2. 59 3.02 2.49 1.84 1.90 1.74 1.72 1.75 $2. 19 2. 12 2. 32 1. 64 1. 64 1.65 1.96 2.06 1.89 2. 51 2. 57 2.43 1.91 1. 82 2.03 1.71 1.71 1. 70 1.84 1.76 1.88 1.98 1.82 2.03 1.98 2.08 1.96 1.89 .1.84 1.90 2.00 2.00 1.87 1.86 1.87 1.83 1.87 1.81 1.86 “ 1.78 1.78 1.78 1. 81 1.80 1.83 1.81 1.70 1.87 1. 80 1.79 1. 81 1.81 1.77 1.92 1.71 1.71 1.77 1. 77 1.79 1.84 1.84 1.84 1. 87 1.65 1.99 Table 7. Occupational Averages: By Labor-M anagem ent Contract Coverage and Establishment Size— Continued (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in work clothing manufacturing establishments by labor-management contract coverage and size of establishment, United States and selected regions, February 1968) Great Lakes Southwest Sex, occupation, and size of establishment All establish m ents E stablishm ents with— None or M ajority m inority covered covered All establish* m ents Middle West E stablishm ents with— None or M ajority m inority covered covered A verage hourly earnings 1 E stablishm ents with— All e stab lish M ajority m ents covered P acific All estab lish m ents E stablishm ents with— M ajority covered $3. 23 3. 37 3. 17 $3. 15 3.07 3. 17 Men Cutters, m achine----------------------20—249 workers -------------------250 workers or m o r e -----------J anito r s ----------------— 20—249 w o r k e r s ----------------- — 250 workers or m o r e ------------P ressers, finish, m ach in e-------20—249 workers---------------------250 workers or m o r e ------------ Repairmen, sewing m ach in e-----20—249 w o r k e r s ----------------- — 250 workers or m o r e ------------Spreaders ----------------------------------20—249 workers --------------------250 workers or m o r e ------------Work distributors----------------------20-249 workers---------------------250 workers or m o r e ------------- $2.45 2 . 29 2.62 1.71 1.64 1.76 1.76 1.75 2. 63 2. 55 2. 67 1 .9 8 1.82 2.09 1.69 1.70 1.69 $2 . 6 8 _ 2.70 1.80 1.84 _ 2.64 _ 2 .6 6 2.08 _ 2 .1 0 1.71 _ 1.71 1.87 1.85 . 82 1.93 1.74 1.83 1.82 1.84 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.84 1.84 1.84 _ 1.69 1.67 1.83 . 1.83 1.81 1.81 1.84 1.84 $2. 30 2. 22 2.50 1 .6 6 1.63 1.70 1.74 _ 1.74 2.62 2.55 2 . 69 1.91 1.81 2.06 1 .6 8 1.70 $2. 65 2. 68 _ 1.85 1.94 1.78 _ 2.81 2.94 2 . 60 1.95 1.92 _ 1.87 1.95 ■ 1.84 1.85 1.93 1.96 1.87 1.83 1.82 1.84 1.77 1.77 1.76 1.84 1.84 1.76 1.63 1.95 1.87 2.07 1 .6 6 $2.51 2.46 1.81 1.89 1.78 - 2 .6 6 2.74 2 . 60 1.91 1.85 1.84 _ “ $2.83 2. 83 - 2 .0 0 2 .0 0 _ - - 3. 11 3. 11 _ 1.94 1.94 " $2. 37 2 . 28 2 . 60 1.73 1.70 1.83 2 .4 9 2.49 2. 54 2.43 2.82 2.06 2 .0 2 1.82 1.80 1.83 $2. 36 2 . 26 2 . 60 1.76 1.73 1.83 2.49 2.49 2. 64 2. 54 2.82 2.09 2.04 1.82 1.80 1.83 1.95 _ 1.81 1.79 1 .8 8 2. 25 2.17 1.83 1.78 1.93 1.76 1.72 1.95 1.82 1.80 1 .8 8 2. 34 2 . 28 1.83 1.77 1.93 1.78 1 .8 8 - 1 .8 8 - 3. 20 3. 15 1.85 _ 1 .8 8 - 1 .8 8 - 3.20 3. 15 1.85 - 1 .8 6 1 .8 6 1.93 1.71 1.94 1.93 1.71 1.94 Women Folders, garment----------------------20—249 workers --------------------Inspectors, fin a l-----------------------20—249 w orkers---------------------250 workers or m o r e ------------P ressers, finish, m ach in e-------20—249 workers --------------------250 workers or m o r e ------------Sewing-machine operators 3 ------20—249 w orkers-----------------250 workers or m o r e -------Dungarees-----------------------------20—249 w orkers-----------------250 workers or m o r e -------Washable service apparel-----20—249 workers-----------------250 workers or m ore--------Work pants ----------------------------20—249 workers-----------------250 workers or m o r e -------Work shirts---------------------------20—249 workers-----------------250 workers or m o r e ------ — Thread trim m ers-----------------------20—249 workers --------------------250 workers or m o r e ------------- 1 1 .9 0 _ _ - - - - • 1.79 1.77 1.79 1.84 1.79 1 .8 8 1.79 1. 72 1.83 1.79 1.78 - " 1.77 1.73 1.83 1.85 1.79 1.90 1. 78 1.72 1.82 _ _ _ 1.84 1.83 1.87 1.80 1.80 1.85 1.79 1.82 1.82 _ 1.95 1.81 2.07 _ _ _ 1.85 1.82 1.87 1.81 1.81 1.89 - 1.82 1.82 1. 63 1. 63 1 .9 2 1 .9 2 _ - 1.84 1.84 - 1.80 1.80 - - - - - - - - - - " “ - _ 1 .6 6 1 .6 6 - 1.84 1.85 1.97 1 .8 6 - - . 1 66 1 .6 6 - 1.84 1.85 1.98 1.87 - " _ _ _ 1.93 1 .8 8 1.94 NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. 1.93 1.94 1 .8 6 . _ - _ 1.93 1.93 1.93 1.94 - _ 1.93 1.94 - - - - - ’ 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for workers in classifications in addition to those shown separately. _ _ _ " Table 8. Occupational Averages: By Major Product 0) (Number and average straig h t-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w orkers in selected occupations in work clothing m anufacturing establishm ents by m ajor product, United States and selected regions, F ebruary 1968) Southeast Southwest Border States Middle West United States 2 P acific United States 2 Southeast N um ber Average Number Average Number A verage Num ber A verage Num ber A verage N um ber A verage Num ber A verage Num ber A verage of hourly of hourly hourly of hourly of of hourly of hourly of of hourly hourly w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings Work pants Work sh irts Sex and occupation Men C u tters, m ach in e---------------Jan ito rs -----------------------------P r e s s e rs , finish, m achine R epairm en, sewing machine Shipping clerks ------------------S p re a d e rs--------------------------Stock c le r k s -----------------------Work d istrib u to rs---------------Women F o ld ers, garm en t--------- ----Repairw om en, g a rm e n t-----Insp ectors, fin a l---------------P r e s s e rs , finish, h a n d -----P re s s e rs , finish, m achine ■ Sew ing-m achine op erators 3 Work p a n ts--------------------Work s h irts ------------------U n d erp ressers, m achine — 345 238 80 346 300 113 186 119 487 $2. 45 1.70 2. 35 143 141 56 790 19,508 15,674 1,527 41 1.84 1.74 1.81 1.82 1.85 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.75 1,110 2.01 2. 62 2.06 1.99 1.88 1.70 12 100 26 29 $2. 40 1.68 2. 38 1.96 2. 33 2.04 22 1.88 60 63 14 143 75 2,183 1,791 1. 77 1.74 2.03 1.81 1.79 71 29 102 92 33 140 106 32 73 52 195 $2. 22 65 29 371 24 339 6,381 5,017 736 1 .76 1. 74 1.82 1.93 1.82 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.65 20 1. 65 2. 14 2.01 2.49 2.09 1.95 1.84 1 .68 United States 2 85 74 25 78 118 19 63 33 141 $2. 50 1.73 2. 58 1 . 82 2.74 1.98 2.07 1.91 40 62 392 301 6,699 5,133 551 1.95 1. 71 1.78 1.84 1.80 1.80 1.82 1.85 21 1. 68 38 20 7 23 16 14 14 41 $2 .24 1.71 2.44 64 1,867 1,679 35 11 $3. 17 1 .88 11 10 3. 15 2.71 26 1.85 1.87 31 94 1.80 1.94 1.85 1.85 1,262 1,133 1.94 1.93 2. 60 1 2 .0 2 .76 1.99 1.82 B order States Southeast D ungarees Southwest 63 55 27 71 28 52 23 84 $2. 51 1.70 2. 38 2. 51 1.95 1.87 1.85 1.79 84 14 359 75 65 4,731 435 3,561 35 1.94 1.72 1.90 1.97 2 . 28 1 .8 6 1.83 1.8 8 1.80 37 35 16 49 22 34 8 63 58 11 216 71 24 3,258 302 2,467 28 $2.38 1.66 2.19 2.46 1.90 1.75 1.70 1.76 1. 85 1. 70 1.89 1.9 8 2.0 6 1.84 1.80 1. 85 1. 77 United States Southeast W ashable service apparel Men C u tters, m a c h in e ---------------Jan ito rs ——-----------------------M a rk e rs----------------------------R epairm en, sewing m achine Shipping clerks ------------------S p re a d e rs---------------------------Stock c le r k s -----------------------Work d istrib u to rs---------------- 234 104 47 185 73 129 95 243 $2.42 1. 68 2. 37 2. 50 1.97 2.07 1.81 1.73 82 40 17 60 46 35 87 $2. 31 1. 64 2. 23 2.40 1 .88 2. 15 69 60 23 14 59 21 24 23 83 $2. 32 1. 63 2.31 2.53 2.01 2.07 1.85 1. 74 40 31 8 45 40 55 46 751 123 10,602 8,959 78 1.79 1.86 8 260 1.71 1.83 15 187 1.71 1.94 206 1.90 1.90 60 2,739 2,185 $2. 52 1. 69 2 . 28 2.43 1.93 1. 73 115 25 10 41 32 47 22 71 $ 2 . 62 1.81 2.92 2.65 2 .00 1.79 1.99 1.72 22 10 $2.15 1.71 21 11 2. 66 2.10 1. 87 1.81 1.79 1.82 193 21 16 3,077 2,745 1.79 1.68 1.94 1.75 1. 76 90 14 10 273 941 1.74 1.69 1. 64 1.70 1.71 27 9 36 1.78 1.94 1.79 Women Repairw om en, g a rm e n t------Insp ectors, fin a l-—-------------P r e s s e rs , finish, h a n d ------P re s s e rs , finish, m achine — Sew ing-m achine op erators 3 D ungarees ---------------------W ashable service apparel U n d erp re sse rs, m ach in e----- 1 .86 1. 83 1.84 1. 73 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Includes data for w orkers in classifications in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: D ashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m eet publication c rite ria. 1 2 3 3, 331 2,994 42 1.80 1.80 1. 78 3,009 2,573 Table 9. Occupational Earnings: Alabama (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings of w orkers in selected occupations in w ork clothing m anufacturing establish m ents, F ebruary 1968) Occupation and sex All production w o rk ers----Men - - - ----W omen----------------------Selected production occupations A ssem blers ( 3 women and 3 m en ) 3 a / . . . C u tters, macTune (34 m en and 1 woman) — Time -----F o lders, garm ent (11 women and 1 m an ) 3 b /__ Insp ectors, final W omen----------------------Incentive Jan ito rs (all tim ew orkers)— — — —______ Wnm An XAa rlrere ^ a f Men 3 b~7” P re s s e rs , finish, m achine (men) (all in centive w o rk e rs)---------R epairm en, sewing m achine (all men) (all tim ew o rk ers)______ Sew ing-m achine op erators (all incentive w ork e rs) 4 . - . W omen____________ D ungarees (all women)-------------------O veralls and in du strial garm ents (all women) . — W ork pants----------------Women Spreaders (all m en )_____ T im e ____ _____________ Incentive — _ Stock clerks (all men) Work distrib u to rs (all Selected office occupations C lerks, general (all women)— — _______ C lerks, payroll (all Num- A verNum ber of w orkers receiving straig h t-tim e hourly earnings of— of hourly $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75' $1.80 $1.85 $ 1 . 9 0 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $ 2 . 9 0 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $37oO $3.70 w orkand under e is $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 over 3, 038 $1. 90 21043 235 2 0 2 156 136 124 77 46 29 2 2 368 2 . 09 15 13 2,670 1. 87 966 189 173 134 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 - 1 1 1 1 1 - 2 . 18 6 35 2.67 11 2 . 19 24 7 8 8 12 1 . 80 105 2. 05 2 . 00 101 2. 05 88 26 1 . 6 6 8 1. 67 18 1 . 6 6 11 1 . 98 6 2 . 22 29 29 2.49 37 2. 54 8 2 , 206 2, 172 436 1 .8 8 1. 87 2 . 02 1.87 1.84 1.83 20 2 . 06 1.72 12 2. 57 8 29 1.70 73 1 . 6 8 66 1.67 436 750 722 20 16 1.75 1.79 2 4 5 5 5 7 2 5 4 5 5 5 4 3 - - 1 2 2 2 2 112 6 106 n o 198 9 21 101 177 - 1 1 4 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 4 4 _ _ 2 1 _ - 1 1 - 1 183 14 169 129 13 94 5 89 87 9 78 51 8 43 3 3 _ - _ 1 1 4 4 4 7 7 7 116 - - 6 2 2 2 - _ - 9 9 9 1 12 12 12 7 7 7 1 1 1 _ 35 10 25 26 . _ _ 2 1 2 - . _ _ 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 _ _ _ 1 1 _ 1 1 _ 1 30 4 26 2 16 10 23 10 13 24 15 9 13 7 _ 3 6 14 6 8 5 5 - _ - 2 2 . 3 - _ . _ _ _ _ - 4 4 - 2 2 _ _ 2 _ _ - 1 _ 1 2 1 2 2 1 . _ _ _ _ - 1 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 1 3 _ 3 3 2 1 1 _ 4 4 4 4 1 3 _ 1 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 - - 1 2 . - _ . - - - - - - - - - 3 - 3 5 4 - 2 3■ - 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 - _ _ - 809 125 154 108 808 124 150 107 90 14 2 0 16 99 98 18 85 28 142 136 34 132 128 32 99 95 36 81 79 28 63 62 26 39 38 16 16 15 17 16 11 10 12 12 10 6 6 6 6 4 4 6 9 4 2 - _ - * _ _ _ . _ _ - _ _ 163 32 294 43 293 42 2 3 31 31 30 23 28 27 14 35 32 30 57 54 19 45 41 19 29 25 19 19 17 9 16 15 10 8 3 2 4 _ _ . _ _ _ - - - 1 4 4 - - 1 1 - - _ - - . _ - 1 _ _ 1 1 . _ 4 4 6 11 16 10 2 8 1 2 - 1 2 13 2 29 17 29 17 1 7 4 1 27 64 63 5 5 5 2 2 2 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 22 89 89 28 13 32 31 33 33 - - 1 - - - 100 99 5 3 4 3 2 2 1 3 11 88 1 1 1 1 - j 8 2 9 1 7 4 3 2 1 - - - 2 1 3 - - - 1 - _ _ _ _ _ 1 - - 1 _ _ _ 1 1 2 1 2 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. A pproxim ately 85 percen t of the production w orkers covered by the study w ere paid on an incentive basis. 2 Includes 44 w orkers tinder $ 1.60. 3 Insufficient data to w arran t publication of separate averages by m ethod of wage paym ent; (a) predom inantly tim ew orkers, or (b) predom inantly incentive w orkers. 4 Includes data for w orkers in classification in addition to those shown separately . Table 10. Occupational Earnings: California 00 (Number and average straig h t-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w orkers in selected occupations in w ork clothing m anufacturing establish m ents, F eb ru ary 1968) O ccupation and sex All production w orkers _ Men Women Selected production occupations A ssem b lers (all n/nrin pn ) ^a ( C u tters, m achine (all Time - Insp ectors, final (all women) 3 a / R epairm en, sewing m achine (all m e n ) -------(all tim ew o rk ers) --------Sew ing-m achine op er a tors (all wom en ) 5 -------Incentive _ W ashable service appa rp 1 ^a j/ Work pants"lall incen tive w o rk e rs ) ----------Shipping clerk s (all men) (all tim ew o rk ers) --------W ork distrib u to rs (all men) (all tim eSelected office occupations C lerks, general (all w om en) -------------------------- Num ber of w orkers receiving straig h t-tim e hourly earnings of-— Num - A verage $1.60 $ L 5 5 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $ 1 . 9 0 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $ 2 .W $ 3 ^ F $ i :to $1720 $3730 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3770 of hourly w orkand e rs ings under $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 over 1,685 $1. 94 161 2. 48 1,524 1. 94 7 1. 72 37 3. 23 26 3 . 28 69 1. 94 9 3. 32 1, 167 1. 93 1, 114 1. 93 188 1.93 941 1. 93 11 2 . 39 25 1. 85 ' 19 2 . 28 65 2 63 12 68 68 3 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ . _ _ . - 20 2 1 2 4 3 3 8 80 71 3 77 4 73 651 13 638 2 11 102 5, 97 - - - - - 56 56 60 60 50 50 89 7 8 10 - 392 384 47 323 47 50 - - - 4 - 77 80 2 78 2 153 26 127 93 10 83 56 4 52 59 6 53 . _ _ _ 19 6 4 5 - - - 68 68 74 74 98 86 4 1 1 1 1 2 _ 17 17 _ - - _ 1 - _ 10 2 1 1 2 2 - 6 6 - _ _ 3 2 - . . _ 9 1 3 - - - 3 - 2 - 2 - - 42 1 1 4 4 5 5 _ 1 1 _ 1 1 1 1 _ _ 20 4 18 10 1 3 5 - 1 _ 1 1 - _ - - 1 3 2 1 - 12 12 4 7 - 21 20 1 - 2 1 - 2 2 - 22 22 4 - 1 5 5 5 - 1 - - 7 10 24 24 4 - - 1 7 4 - - - - 1 1 11 42 42 5 37 - 61 1 3 2 1 - - 54 1 18 5 13 - 48 39 1 28 48 48 44 10 6 22 - 19 79 3 12 28 3 25 74 53 28 45 45 4 40 28 59 46 3 43 1 3 2 2 3 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. A pproxim ately 82 percent of the production w orkers covered by the study w ere paid on an incen tive basis. 2 Includes 5 w orkers under $ 1. 60. 3 Insufficient data to w arran t publication of separate averages by method of wage payment; (a) predom inantly tim ew orkers, or (b) predom inantly incentive w orkers. 4 A ll w orkers at $3. 70 to $3. 80. 5 Includes data for w orkers in classification in addition to those shown separately. Table 11. Occupational Earnings: Georgia age straight-tim e hourly earnings of w orkers in selected occupations in w ork clothing m anufacturing establish m ents, F eb ru ary 1968) lum A verb er Age $176$ $1.65 $1.70 J T U of hourly and orkunder irs ings 1 $1.65 $ 1.70 $1.75 $1.80 , 618 724 , 894 $1. 81 *1839 2. 00 127 1. 78 1712 356 86 270 292 6.7 225 299 28 271 Num ber of w orkers receiving straig h t-tim e hourly earnings of— $175$ $1.85 $179$ $ T 3 $ $27$$ $2710 $2720 $2 3 0 - $ O o $ 2 3 $ $ 2 3 $ $277$ $275$ $27$$ $37$$ $371$ $372$ $373$ $3.40 $ 3 3 $ $375$ and $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 over 390 70 320 260 41 219 192 31 161 149 17 132 268 52 216 156 41 115 115 34 81 88 19 69 64 20 44 44 19 25 24 13 11 27 13 14 9 5 4 7 4 3 5 3 2 3 3 1 1 ” ' 27 21 55 38 17 46 44 29 11 249 52 1*97 56 21 35 16 12 188 124 64 54 57 984 975 38 937 362 358 654 636 327 320 347 1.86 1. 93 2. 24 2. 23 2. 26 6 2 - _ 2 2 ' 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 1 " 1. 77 1. 77 1. 77 15 14 10 1 1 " 12 12 11 2 2 1 9 9 1 1 1 1 - 1. 73 1. 78 1. 65 1. 82 1. 64 1. 61 1. 66 2. 37 2. 27 1. 84 1. 80 1.92 1.96 2 121 40 81 31 19 12 2 2 67 55 12 12 4 18 18 15 2 13 14 6 8 " 1 16 16 6 12 4 8 1 2 15 4 11 3 7 4 3 6 _ _ 10 7 3 3 1 _ _ 12 10 2 2 3 1 1 6 3 3 3 _ _ 10 6 4 4 65 78 77 74 78 1293 1293 1293 203 201 201 166 166 24 142 208 208 2 206 3 279 279 8 271 3 175 174 4 170 1. 81 1. 81 142 142 24 22 16 16 26 24 20 20 20 20 1. 70 1. 70 412 412 36 36 36 18 38 38 36 36 1. 80 1. 80 548 548 65 65 71 71 78 78 1. 78 98 31 29 51 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 4 2 ' 4 4 _ - - 2 2 8 7 1 1 1 11 11 - 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 3 10 18 3 10 18 _ _ 16 10 6 6 _ _ 11 6 5 5 I 129 127 _ _ _ 1 1 8 8 - 4 4 3 3 7 7 ' ' ' _ _ _ * _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 16 j _ 7 2 5 _ 2 _ _ 9 6 2 5 9 6 2 5 1 _ _ 1 _ _ 1 1 14 9 5 3 _ _ 4 1 3 3 4 4 8 2 6 6 _ _ 5 3 _ _ 1 1 _ 2 » _ 9 5 4 4 _ _ _ 1 104 104 5 164 162 6 85 85 5 55 55 2 52 52 28 28 3 19 17 3 10 10 7 6 6 1 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ 4 _ _ 2 _ _ 7 _ _ 2 _ _ 127 104 162 85 55 52 28 17 30 30 16 16 32 32 8 8 10 10 10 10 4 4 _ 10 6 4 2 2 - - - - - - - 2 2 2 2 20 20 10 10 16 16 10 10 24 24 4 4 6 6 _ 2 2 _ _ _ . _ . . - 4 4 162 162 73 72 59 57 39 39 80 78 47 47 35 35 30 30 18 18 10 8 4 4 2 2 2 2 . _ _ . . - - “ - - - 27 39 15 20 16 6 4 4 6 1 2 2 1 5 5 _ 1 3 1 2 _ 3 1 2 _ 2 _ 1 4 2 2 2 1 . 6 1 5 _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 2 2 2 Table 11. Occupational Earnings: Georgia— Continued 8 (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in work clothing manufacturing establishments, February 1968) N um O ccupation and sex of w o rk - eis N um ber o f w o rk e rs receivin g straigh t -tim e hourly earnings of— A v erage $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1775 $1.86 $ 0 5 ■$OoT $1.95 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2770 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $37TO $3.20 ^ X 3 0 $3.40 $3.60 hourly earnand “ " " “ *■ under ings $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 ov er S elected production occupations— Continued Shipping cle r k s (all tim e w ork ers) _____ ___ __________ _ M e n __________________________ S pread ers (all m e n )____________ T i m e ________________________ I n c e n t iv e ------------------------------Stock cle r k s (all tim e w ork ers) __ ___ __ — ____ — -----------M e n ___________ Thread trim m e rs (28 women TnronHvo 26 $2. 11 2. 16 22 1. 95 49 1. 84 29 20 2. 12 7 7 - 2 2 1 1 - 55 10 45 1. 83 1. 66 1. 87 9 6 3 30 26 1. 68 *. 66 18 18 14 10 1. 93 1. 81 3 3 1 U n d erp ressers, hand (all "W n m a n U n d e rp re s s e rs , m achine (all incentive w ork ers) (6 w om en and 6 m e n ) _________ W atchmen (all men) (all tim e w o r k e r s )-------------------------W ork d istribu tors (all tim e W om en ______________________ M e n ---------------------------------------- 6 - 4 4 8 6 2 6 4 4 4 - 3 3 - 2 5 2 3 2 2 6 6 1 16 2 14 2 4 1 2 4 1 2 2 6 4 2 2 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 - 4 4 2 1 2 2 6 4 2 4 6 1 - 6 1 _ _ 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 - 1 - - 2 2 - - _ 1 . - _ - _ - _ - 2 1 - 1 - - _ - 1 _ - . _ - 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . 3 1 1 4 12 1. 72 8 13 1. 68 5 5 - - 3 141 33 108 1. 69 1. 65 1. 70 53 12 41 26 11 15 31 6 25 4 9 13 5 13 4 4 81 76 25 1. 89 1. 88 2. 00 10 8 4 4 8 8 2 11 11 6 3 3 2 12 12 1 2 1 2 1 - 1 15 13 2 4 1 - 1 2 2 3 2 _ S elected o ffice occupations Plarlrc jtpnpra 1 C lerk s, pa y roll (all w o m e n )___ 2 2 2 3 3 6 6 4 2 2 2 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Approximately 85 percent of the production workers covered by the study were paid on an incen tive basis. 2 Includes 20 workers under $ 1. 60. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. 4 Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate averages by method of wage payment; predominantly incentive workers. Table 12. Occupational Earnings: Indiana (Number and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w o rk e rs in se le cte d occupations in w ork clothing m anufacturing establish m en ts, F eb ru ary 1968) Num- O ccupation and se x A ll production w o r k e r s _____ __ M e n __________________________ A v e rNum ber o f w o rk e rs re ce ivin g straigh t-tim e h ou rly earnings of— age $ n s o T T t t $1.70 $1.75 $T7$o $1785 $1.90 $1.95 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $1730 $3.40 $3.50 of hourly w o r k - e arn and $1.60 under e rs mgs $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 ov er 2, 163 $1 93 242 2 20 1,921 1 89 64 - 64 503 14 489 120 9 111 176 22 154 140 15 125 2 2 2 107 25 82 86 15 71 146 11 135 92 6 86 200 15 185 123 11 112 94 12 82 70 9 61 70 13 57 46 8 38 30 7 23 1 1 - 3 3 - 2 2 1 3 3 - 2 1 - 4 4 - 3 3 - 2 2 1 5 5 _ 21 21 1 6 6 2 5 5 2 12 12 3 3 8 8 2 17 1 16 29 19 10 15 7 8 5 2 3 9 6 3 10 9 1 7 5 2 4 4 1 2 2 - _ - 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 - 7 7 3 3 2 2 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 2 2 1 1 S elected production occupations C u tters, m a c h in e .------- —----------M en ________________ _________ Incentive---- ------------- -------In s p e cto rs, final (all w om e n )_____ _______________ ___ Incentive___________________ _ J anito r s___ - _______ __________ W om en (all tim e w o rk e rs )----M en (all tim e w o rk e rs)--------M arkers (13 m en and 2 w o m e n )2 —______ ____________ R ep airm en, sewing m achine (all m en) (all tim e w o rk e rs) — Sew ing-m achine o p erators (all incentive w o r k e r s ) 3______ W om en (all incentive w o rk e rs )________________ O vera lls and industrial garm ents (all incentive W om en (all incentive w o rk e rs )_____________ — W ork pants (all w om en) (all incentive w o r k e r s )____ Shipping cle rk s 2 ---------------------M en 2 _____________________ __ Spreaders (26 m en and 3 w o m e n )2 --------------------------------Stock cle r k s (33 m en and 9 Time,_________________________ W ork d istrib u tors---------------------M e n --------------------------------------T im e______________________ 36 35 11 2 62 2 63 2 88 116 115 24 6 18 - - - _ “ - - - 2 07 2 08 1 78 1,,69 !•, 81 _ 4 4 6 3 3 7 6 4 - 17 17 6 1 5 15 2.,78 - - - 26 2.,70 - 1,431 1.,£8 - 1,427 1., 88 - _ - _ - - - - 6 6 1 3 3 2 2 . _ 4 5 5 2 2 - 1 - - 1 2 - - 1 1 - - - - 1 J - - 1 - 4 - - - 4 2 - - - - - - - - 1 I - - - 1 3 4 1 1 7 3 1 3 - - - - 444 92 129 83 50 58 103 54 123 74 61 45 41 26 13 12 6 8 2 2 1 2 1 1 443 92 128 83 49 58 103 54 122 74 61 45 41 26 13 12 6 8 2 2 1 2 1 1 _ _ - _ 1 1 1 - 260 1.,85 - 84 17 22 22 6 10 17 12 20 20 14 8 5 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - 256 1.,85 - 83 17 21 22 5 10 17 12 19 20 14 8 5 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - 380 9 7 1.,82 2., 19 2. 13 _ 163 - 29 - 22 18 - 16 - 18 1 16 3 3 13 “ 30 2 2 11 17 1 1 8 - 4 - 4 - 3 “ 2 “ 2 2 1 1 - 2 - 1 " - - 1 3 - 1 - - - - - - 1 1 1 ‘ ' ' 29 2., 00 - 1 - - 1 11 1 4 3 2 - - 1 - 42 41 83 26 25 1., 86 1.,86 1., 83 1., 85 1., 82 _ _ 6 ~ 2 2 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 " 1 1 7 1 1 4 4 1 _ “ 7 7 8 6 6 6 _ 14 14 10 6 6 1 1 _ _ 3 3 20 5 5 _ _ 7 7 11 4 4 1 _ 1 1 1 45 7 2., 10 2., 04 1 7 2 2 2 9 7 5 2 _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 _ _ - Selected o ffic e occupations C lerk s, gen eral (all w om en)----C lerk s, pa y ro ll (all w om en) 2 2 3 1 4 1 Excludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. A p proxim ately 79 p e rce n t o f the p roduction w ork ers c o v e r e d by the study w ere paid an incentive b a s is . 2 Insufficien t data to w arrant publication of separate averages by m ethod o f wage paym ent; predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs. 3 Includes data fo r w o rk e rs in c la s sifica tio n in addition to those shown separately. on Tabic 13. Occupational Earnings: Kentucky 8 (Number and average stra ig h t-tim e hourly ea rn in g s1 of w orkers in selected occupations in work clothing manufacturing estab lish m en ts, F ebru ary 1968) A verage hourly of w ork - ea rn - Number of w ork ers receiving stra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings of— Num- Occupation and sex A ll production w o r k e r s -------------------------M e n -------------------------------------------------------- $1 . 6o $1.65 $1.7(5 $1775“ $1 . to $T. 85 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $2 . 0 0 $2 . 1 0 $2 . 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $ 2 .5 0 $2 . 60 $277() $2 . 80 $ 2 .9 6 $ 3 .6 o $3. lo $3. 20 $3 . 3o and (1 . 60 under $1.65 $1.70 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $2 . 0 0 $2 . 1 0 $2 . 20 $2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 $2. 50 $2 . 60 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $3. 10 $3. 20 $3. 30 over 209 16 193 220 21 199 292 55 237 175 17 158 125 22 103 95 43 52 58 35 23 35 18 17 31 17 14 3 3 - 3 3 10 8 2 1 1 5 5 26 22 4 8 7 1 4 3 1 8 6 2 _ 1 _ 2 2 _ - 1 1 _ 1 2 2 _ - - - 4 ,7 8 5 537 4 ,2 4 8 $ 1 .8 1 1 .9 8 1 .7 8 133 1 132 1471 99 1372 459 35 424 347 35 312 389 33 356 384 42 342 321 32 289 80 61 19 2. 21 2. 24 2 .1 3 - 2 2 - 2 2 - 3 3 4 4 - 1 - 12 11 1 .9 2 1 .9 3 _ - 4 4 _ - - - 2 1 11 9 258 253 57 8 49 20 19 119 80 39 24 58 56 3 ,5 9 8 3 ,5 8 1 3 ,5 6 6 1 .9 3 1 .7 3 1 .7 9 1 .7 9 1 .6 4 1 .6 1 1 .6 4 2 . 21 2. 23 2.0 1 2 . 00 2 .0 3 1 .9 8 2 .4 7 2. 44 1 .7 9 1 .7 9 1 .7 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 16 16 _ _ _ 2 28 26 9 1 ,8 2 4 865 848 48 44 40 12 31 11 7 92 8 84 1 .7 8 1 .8 3 1 .8 2 1.9 2 1 .9 3 2.0 1 1.9 8 1 .8 9 2 .0 8 2 .1 9 1 .7 0 1 .8 9 1 .6 9 12 2 2 _ _ _ - 58 54 36 1 .7 4 1 .7 2 1 .8 4 n 12 3 9 4 2 2 - - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 6 5 7 1 6 4 1 3 2 2 1 1 " Selected production occupations C u tters, m achine (all m e n ) ------------------T i m e ----------------------------------------------------In c e n tiv e ---------------------------------------------F o ld e r s , garm ent (10 women and 2 men) 2 ---- — ---------------------------------------Incentive--------- — ----------------------------Hand (10 women and 1 man) (all incentive w o r k e r s )------------------G arm ent repairm en (all women) 3 -------In sp ec to rs, final (all w om en)-------- — — Incentive-----------------------------------------------J a n ito rs------------------------------------------------------W omen (all tim ew o rk ers)-----------------Men (all tim ew o rk ers)----------------------M a r k e r s ------------------------ *---------------------------Men 3------------------------------------------------------P r e s s e r s , finish , m ach in e-------------------W om en (all incentive w o r k e r s)-------M e n -------------------------------------------------------T im e ------------------------------------------------R epairm en, sewing m achine (all men)T im e ------------------------------------------------------Sew ing-m achine op erators 2------------------W o m e n --------------------------------------------In c e n tiv e -----------------------------------Dungarees (all women) (all incentive w o r k e r s )------------------W om en (all incentive w ork ers) — Shipping clerk s ----------------------------------------Men (all tim ew o rk ers)----------------------S preaders (all m e n )--------------------------------In c e n t iv e ---------------------------- — --------------U n d e r p re sse r s, m a c h in e ----------------------M e n -------------------------------------------------------Incentive------------------------------------------W ork d istrib u to rs------------------------------------W om en (all tim ew o rk ers)-----------------Men (all tim ew o r k er s)----------------------- - _ " ! - _ l _ 2 2 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 32 31 1 1 2 27 27 1 16 16 _ 10 10 1 9 9 . 22 22 1 11 10 - - 1 1 _ _ - . _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ . - 1 _ 3 2 1 1 _ _ 295 295 295 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 2 2 296 293 293 3 2 8 4 4 3 _ _ 243 243 243 1 1 1 3 3 _ 1 1 170 167 167 5 2 3 187 184 184 1 3 3 10 5 5 3 3 3 205 20.2 202 5 1 4 2 2 148 143 143 1 1 4 3 1 7 7 99 99 99 3 3 8 6 2 3 3 44 44 44 5 5 4 2 2 2 15 15 20 20 20 3 3 4 3 1 8 8 14 14 14 - - - - - - . - - 9 9 _ _ _ 355 355 355 9 _ 6 6 _ _ _ 256 256 256 6 4 2 2 5 5 10 10 10 2 1 1 1 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 _ 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 _ 3 3 3 . _ _ 1 3 3 3 1 _ 1 1 1 _ _ _ . _ 1 1 _ - - 666 168 275 57 275 57 3 5 3 4 4 1 2 6 2 38 20 1 2 36 19 118 56 56 2 1 1 1 7 7 151 74 74 10 10 4 2 2 9 3 6 184 57 54 5 5 1 5 _ 5 119 50 50 6 5 4 3 2 - 81 54 51 _ 7 4 1 _ 1 75 59 56 1 1 4 4 1 1 - 105 72 69 9 8 16 2 - 67 55 50 _ _ _ - 53 15 15 1 1 2 1 3 3 3 - 10 18 18 3 3 5 - 4 6 6 _ _ 3 2 2 2 2 - 5 3 3 1 1 4 3 3 _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 _ _ _ _ I 1 3 3 1 1 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - 1 1 - - . - - “ " “ 1 1 6 6 2 13 13 8 16 15 7 2 2 5 5 5 1 2 2 65 65 41 6 35 _ _ 32 22 10 9 _ _ 1225 1225 1210 4 35 34 3 2 1 _ _ 9 1 8 1 Selected office occupations C le r k s, g e n e r a l---------------------------------------W o m e n --------------------------------------------------C le r k s, p ayroll (all w o m e n )------------------ - 11 11 2 “ 3 2 2 2 3 4 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. A p proxim ately 86 percent of the production w orkers covered by the study w ere paid on an incen tive b a sis. 2 Includes data for w orkers in c la ssifica tio n in addition to those shown separately. 3 Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate averages by method of wage paym ent; predom inantly tim ew ork ers. Table 14. Occupational Earnings: Mississippi (Number and average stra igh t-tim e hourly e a rn in g s1 of w orkers in selected occupations in work clothing manufacturing estab lish m en ts, F ebru ary 1968) A ll production w o r k e r sM e n ------------------------------ 4 ,9 3 7 505 4 ,4 3 2 $ 1 .8 3 2.0 1 1 .8 1 2 1834 90 1744 432 48 384 321 44 277 312 33 279 284 42 242 271 22 249 177 18 159 212 9 203 o o Num ber of w ork ers receiving stra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings ofNum A v e r ber age $ 1 .6 0 $175? $1770 $ 1 .7 ? $ 1 .8 0 $1 75 ? $T790 $ 1 .9 5 $2710 $2720 $2730 $2740 $2750 $2760 $2770 $ 2 .8 0 $2790 $ 3 .0 0 $3. 1 0 $572o $575o $ 3 .4 0 $ 5 7 ?? $ 3 .6 0 hourly of and w ork ea rn - under “ ers $ 1 .6 5 $1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $2 . 0 0 $2 . 1 0 $2 . 20 $2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $2 . 6 0 $2. 70 $2 . 80 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $3. 20 $3. 30 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $3. 60 over £ Occupation and sex 318 40 278 230 32 198 177 24 153 126 12 114 78 12 66 48 13 35 29 13 16 26 12 14 15 11 4 11 5 6 9 6 3 7 5 2 30 235 222 209 42 12 M e n --------------------------------- 30 22 Wom en (all t im e w o r k e r s)— Men T im e P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand (all women) (a ll incentive w o r k e r s)P r e s s e r s , fin ish , m achine — Wom en (all incentive w o r k e r s)------------—------------R ep airm en , sewing m achine (all men) (all t im e w ork ers) -------------------------- ;— Sew in g-m achin e o p erators3— W o m e n ------- ---------- --------Incentive W ork pants ( 1 ,1 0 2 women and 2 men) (all incentive w ork ers) --------------------------W ork sh irts (1 ,5 5 7 women and 1 m a n ) ------------------------ 9 13 72 102 63 3 ,5 9 4 3 ,5 8 3 3 ,5 4 8 1 .8 2 1 .9 9 1 .7 9 2 .2 6 2 .4 1 2 .1 6 2 .5 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 - 3 2 2 4 1 .7 5 1 .8 1 - - 2 - 4 2 2 8 4 2 2 2 1 2 - 2 2 2 3 3 1 2 5 5 2 2 - 4 4 2 2 3 16 16 16 8 8 8 17 17 17 21 21 21 1 - 2 1 - - . - 1 1 1 1 - - - - 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 - 3 3 _ - 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 “ 4 5 . ! 8 - - - 1 1 1 1 - 7 7 7 - - 4 - 1 1 _ _ _ _ - - 5 4 2 - 4 4 - - - - - - 6 2 2 - 15 11 16 4 1 _ - 1 .7 1 1 .8 0 9 5 14 2 1 - 1 .7 0 1 .8 4 1 .8 5 1.8 6 1 .6 5 1 .6 2 1.6 6 2 .12 12 69 69 66 30 10 20 - 3 35 23 23 1 1 5 17 17 9 2 7 7 7 7 6 1 5 1.9 2 2 .2 7 2. 25 _ 3 - - 1 .9 8 1.9 8 13 12 5 10 3 4 7 14 1 10 5 5 2 7 3 4 1 6 11 4 8 2 8 5 1.8 8 9 7 2 7 7 4 6 4 5 3 1 3 7 235 231 231 7 145 145 145 5 123 123 123 5 83 83 83 2. 54 1 .8 0 1 .8 0 1 .8 1 - _ 2 - 3 3 1 2 1 _ _ - 1 - - _ 1 1 _ _ " 10 10 10 1 1 1 1 - - 1 - _ _ _ 1 _ _ - - - - - 1 3 11 11 11 3 7 2 2 1 2 5 1 1 5 1475 1472 1437 297 293 293 221 221 221 231 231 231 183 183 183 1 195 195 195 1 137 137 137 3 153 153 153 1 4 48 48 48 1 1 1 3 2 1 ‘ 5 5 ' - - - - - . - - - 4 4 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 _ 1 1 1 1 _ 1 1 3 1 2 - 1 1 “ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - - " “ - - - “ - 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 _ 1 1 1 _ _ _ - - 1 3 2 4 14 14 14 3 11 11 11 4 4 4 4 2 5 5 5 5 3 3 1 1 1 3 2 5 5 5 " 2 1 1 1 - - 3 1 _ 2 2 24 24 24 3 3 " - _ - 1 ,1 0 4 1 .7 8 523 88 63 59 42 66 37 38 67 44 30 24 8 6 4 1 - - 3 1 - - - - - 1 ,5 5 8 1 ,5 4 1 1 .8 4 1 .8 4 536 519 130 130 102 102 93 93 95 95 85 85 72 72 86 86 109 109 72 72 67 67 42 42 31 31 13 13 4 4 10 10 4 4 1 1 _ - _ 5 5 _ 1 1 _ See footnotes at end of table. 8 3 5 ‘ Selected production occupations A s s e m b le r s —— Men - — -------------T im e ------------C u tte rs, m a c h in e M e n -------------------T im e In c e n t iv e ------------------- — F o ld e r s, garm ent (41 women and 1 m a n )3Incentive • Hand (30 w omen and* m a n )Incentive • G arm ent rep airm en (29 women and 1 man) (all tim ew o rk ers) ---------------In sp ec to rs, f in a l-------------W o m e n -------------------------Incentive • Janitors (all tim ew ork ers) W o m e n ------------------------------- 3 3 Table 14. Occupational Earnings: Mississippi— Continued (Number and average stra igh t-tim e hourly e a rn in g s1 of w orkers in selected occupations in work clothing manufacturing estab lish m en ts, F ebru ary 1968) NumOccupation and sex A ver- Num ber of w ork ers receivin g stra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings o f - $ 1 .7 0 $ 0 3 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $1790 $ 1 .9 5 $2 . 0 0 $2 . 1 0 $2 . 20 $2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 $2750 $2 . 60 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $2 . 9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $3. 10 $3. 20 $5730 $374(5' $5750 $ 5 . 6o $1 . 6o of hourly w ork and linH p r* ers m gs 1 $ 1 .6 5 $1 .70 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $1 .90 $ 1 .9 5 $2 . 0 0 $2 . 10 $2 . 20 $2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 $2. 50 $ 2 .6 0 $2. 70 $ 2 .8 0 $2 . 9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $3. 10 $3. 20 $3. 30 $ 3 .4 0 $3. 50 $ 3 .6 0 over Selected production occupations— Continued Shipping clerk s (all men) (all t im e w o r k e r s )---------------Spreaders -------------------------------M e n -------------------------------------Tim e ■ Incentive ■ Stock clerk s (all tim e w o r k e r s)— Men Thread trim m e r s (all women) 4 U n d er p re sser s, hand (all incentive w o r k e r s)--------------W o m e n --------------------------------U n d er p re sser s, machine (20 women and 2 men) (all incentive w o r k e r s ) -------------Watchmen (all men) (all tim ew ork ers) ----------------------W ork d istr ib u to r s------------------W omen (all tim e w o r k e r s)— M e n -------------------------------------- 23 39 31 22 .9 $ 1 .9 8 1.8 8 1 .8 5 1 .7 3 2. 12 2 9 9 9 " 3 2 13 10 2.02 2 .0 5 2 2 73 1 .8 3 1 .7 9 1 .7 2 23 12 3 1 1 1 - 3 4 4 2 2 1 - 1 7 6 5 1 - 2 2 2 - _ 1 _ _ _ 2 8 6 15 4 1 4 8 3 2 1 “ 5 _ _ _ “ 3 2 _ - 2 1 - - 1 5 4 3 1 _ _ 15 5 7 7 4 2 - - _ - 3 3 3 1 1 - _ 1 _ 1 3 - - 7 7 l 3 3 1 22 1 .6 9 13 2 3 - 1 1 i - - 1 17 102 1 .6 4 1 .7 5 11 16 3 _ 21 28 3 1 17 4 4 2 8 - 26 1 .7 2 1 .7 6 1 .7 4 5 11 11 9 12 12 3 _ 2 1 _ 4 _ 25 25 7 10 10 4 8 _ _ 4 4 4 34 1 .8 9 2 4 6 3 2 6 3 20 1.9 6 " 5 3 1 76 72 _ 2 _ _ - 1 1 _ - - - 1 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 1 1 1 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ 1 1 S elected office occupations C lerk s, general (33 women and 1 m a n ) ----------------------------C le r k s, p ayroll (all w om en)------------------------------------ 3 1 " 3 4 1 3 2 ' 1 2 3 4 E xcludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. A p proxim ately 85 percent of the production w orkers covered w ere paid on an incentive b a sis. Includes 28 w orkers under $ 1 .6 0 . Includes data for w orkers in cla ssifica tio n in addition to those shown separately. Insufficient data to warrant presentation of separate averages by method of wage payment; predom inantly incentive w ork ers. Table 15. Occupational Earnings: Missouri (Num ber and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w ork ers in selected occupations in work clothing manufacturing estab lish m en ts, Febru ary 1968) O ccupation and sex A ll production w o rk e rs _____ M en ........... ................... .......... Women ___________________ Num ber of w o rk ei s A v er- Num ber o f w o rk e rs r e ce iv in g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $T775 $T.80 $ 1 .8 5 $ x o o ^r795 $2.0ff $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $TTTO $ X I 0 $ X 3 0 $ T 4 0 $3.50 3T3.60 hourly Under e arn and $1.60 under $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 over 4,921 561 4, 360 $ 1 .8 5 2. 10 1.82 35 1742 58 35 1684 98 88 36 2. 29 2. 32 2. 35 _ . 34 28 172 171 143 43 42 16 13 12 1.95 1. 92 1. 85 1.85 1. 88 1.73 1. 74 2. 56 2. 65 1.78 - 10 61 291 11 280 351 36 315 425 36 389 346 65 281 258 31 227 204 21 183 162 19 143 241 50 191 183 32 151 137 30 107 160 48 112 99 23 76 82 27 55 55 22 33 41 11 30 28 9 19 24 6 18 19 9 10 9 4 5 9 5 4 1 _ 1 6 3 3 5 2 3 8 3 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 1 5 3 1 3 2 _ 1 . _ 2 _ _ 2 2 2 1 1 1 6 4 *4 11 11 7 37 35 3 7 7 3 8 8 2 _ _ _ 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 2 l l 1 1 1 1 _ _ 1 1 1 . _ j 1 1 9 8 44 43 41 11 10 - 3 3 14 14 12 6 6 - - 1 1 1 11 11 11 1 1 - - 2 2 1 1 1 - - 1 - _ . . _ . 5 5 5 2 2 4 4 4 - 11 11 11 _ . . 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 - - 29 29 15 3 3 - 5 4 6 6 6 _ _ - - 21 21 11 4 4 - 5 5 5 5 5 17 17 - 1 _ . - _ _ _ 2 2 2 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ * _ _ _ - 2 2 1 1 _ - _ _ _ _ 3 _ 2 2 2 2 1 1.80 2. 34 _ 2 - 4 6 2 _ 2 2 2 2 2 _ 4 2 43 2. 28 - - 2 6 . 2 2 _ 2 18 2.49 . - 2 . _ - _ _ 2 53 2. 55 - - - - 2 2 - 2 - 3,785 3, 754 3,642 1,825 1,794 1,792 1. 82 1.81 1. 82 1.85 1.84 1. 84 - 1560 - 1558 - 1542 647 645 _ 645 580 576 1.97 1.97 _ - 29 22 22 20 79 25 54 44 1.82 2. 13 2. 11 2. 08 1. 82 1.78 1.83 1.82 47 45 1.85 1.85 26 1.97 Selected production occupations C u tters, m a c h in e ___________ M en ....................................... . Incentive ......................... F o ld e rs , garm ent (all women) (a ll incentive w ork ers) 2__________________ Hand In sp ectors, final _ ___ _ Women __________________ Incentive . __ J a n it o r s ____________ _______ Men (all tim e w o r k e r s )___ M arkers (all m e n )__________ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand _ _ W omen (all incentive ___ __ w ork ers) ___ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , m a ch in e .. Women (all incentive w o rk e rs )________________ Men (all incentive w ork ers) ____ ____ . . R epairm en, sewing m achine (all m en) (a ll t im e w ork ers) Sewing -m ach ine op era tors 1_________________ W om en ________________ In c e n t iv e __________ W ork pants W om en ________________ Incentive _________ W ork sh irts (all w omen) __ _ I n c e n tiv e _____________ Shipping c le r k s (a ll m en) (all tim ew ork e rs) ________ Spread ers (all m e n )4b / ____ Stock c le r k s (a ll men]"______ W ork d is t r ib u t o r s _________ _ Wftmftn j Men _ ___ T i m e __________________ 4 4 4 6 6 6 3 2 3 3 3 3 - _ 3 3 - 7 7 _ 8 6 _ 3 2 5 4 3 2 5 _ 1 _ _ 2 _ 4 4 _ 3 2 5 2 1 2 5 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ 4 2 _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 32 - 4 2 2 11 6 3 3 3 3 5 2 3 _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 _ _ _ 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1 233 233 225 118 118 118 256 254 234 129 127 127 322 322 254 126 126 124 201 199 199 118 116 116 203 201 201 113 111 111 157 154 154 89 86 86 132 132 132 80 80 80 166 164 164 90 88 88 138 138 138 78 78 78 99 98 98 57 56 56 97 96 96 59 58 58 70 68 68 33 31 31 42 36 36 29 23 23 33 27 27 18 12 12 30 29 29 15 14 14 14 14 14 6 6 6 11 10 10 9 8 8 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 _ _ _ 133 133 31 31 35 35 55 51 29 29 32 32 38 38 24 24 38 38 33 33 25 25 29 29 22 22 11 11 15 15 12 12 6 6 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 _ _ 2 2 3 3 - 2 - 2 - 6 - 4 - 2 - 2 - 1 3 3 2 1 - - - - - 1 - . - _ 4 4 8 6 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ # _ _ _ _ . _ _ 4 3 - _ 3 5 5 7 1 6 6 3 _ - 18 6 12 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 4 2 1 8 4 4 4 10 8 8 5 - _ 7 2 2 26 16 10 10 _ 7 6 7 7 6 5 3 3 6 6 4 4 3 3 _ 2 2 3 3 5 5 _ 1 _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 2 7 7 4 1 4 S elected o ffic e occupations W omen _ _ __ __ C lerk s, p a yroll (all wnm pn | 2 _ 1 E xcludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. A p proxim ately 86 percent of the production w ork ers covered by the study w ere paid on an in centive b a sis. 2 Includes data for w ork ers in classifica tion in addition to those shown sep arately. 3 A ll w ork ers w ere at $ 3 .7 0 to $ 3 .8 0 . 4 Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate averages by m ethod of wage paym ent; (a) predominantly tim ew o rk ers, or (b) predominantly incentive w o rk ers. Table 16. Occupational Earnings: North Carolina (Num ber and average s tra igh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w ork ers in s e le cte d occupations in w ork clothing m anufacturing establish m en ts, F eb ru ary 1968) N um ber 'o f w ork ers receivin g straight -tim e hourly earnings of— A v erage $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2. 00 $2.10 $2. 20 $2.30 $2740 $2.50 $2. 60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3. 001 $3..10 $ O o l O o $3.40 hourly of w o rk - e a rn - Under and and $1.60 under ings $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2.00 $2.10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2.50 $2.60 $2. 70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3,.20 $3. 30 $3.40 ov er N um - O ccupation and sex A ll production w o r k e r s -----------------M e n ---------------------------------------------W om en ----------------------------------------- 1 ,616 226 1,390 $1. 78 1. 97 1. 74 53 2 51 753 46 707 60 6 54 32 21 80 79 71 26 7 19 2. 14 2. 29 1. 72 1., 72 1.,73 1. 66 1. 68 1. 65 _ _ _ _ 2 _ 46 46 38 13 2 11 6 6 6 5 4 1 151 24 127 82 13 69 74 13 61 71 13 58 2 4 4 4 5 2 2 6 6 6 1 5 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 1 5 1 1 94 94 94 49 49 12 7 - 41 41 41 22 22 53 13 40 46 10 36 71 19 52 67 11 56 35 16 19 32 12 20 25 6 25 7 6 6 18 4 1 3 1 1 19 2 2 1 - 4 4 4 7 7 4 4 4 1 1 1 4 4 - 3 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 2 2 2 - - - 1 32 29 29 14 14 1 1 _ - 3 37 37 37 22 22 1 1 1 1 1 50 50 50 16 16 5 5 1 1 3 14 14 14 4 4 2 2 - 2 13 13 13 2 2 _ - 1 3 3 _ 5 - - 1 1 _ _ 3 3 - - - 1 3 3 - - - 1 1 - 2 2 - 2 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ Selected production occupations Cu tters, m achine (all m e n ) -----------T i m e ------------------------------------------In sp ectors, f in a l ----------------------------W om en ---------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e -------------------------------J a n ito rs -------------------------------------------W om en (all tim e w o r k e r s )---------Men (all t im e w o r k e r s )-------------Repairm en, sewing m achine (all m en) (all t im e w o r k e r s )--------------Sew ing-m achine o p e ra to rs 2 ---------W om en ----------------------------------I n c e n t iv e --------------------------Dungarees (a ll w o m e n )-------------I n c e n t iv e -------------------------------Shipping cle rk s -------------------------------Men (all tim e w o rk e rs )--------------S pread ers (all m e n )-----------------------T i m e ------------------------------------------Stock cle rk s (all m en) (all tim e w o r k e r s )— -— W ork d is t r ib u t o r s --------------------------Women (all t im e w o r k e r s ) --------Men (all t im e w o r k e r s ) -------------- 25 1,107 1.098 900 654 456 41 30 16 8 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 44 75 75 78 69 74 86 93 99 16 10 27 8 19 1. 79 1. 79 1. 70 83 X* 21 16 1.,75 1. 94 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 613 613 415 419 221 4 1 5 - 38 38 38 31 31 1 _ - - 56 56 56 31 31 2 4 4 - 34 31 31 17 17 _ - _ - 3 _ 2 3 2 11 _ 1 2 - _ 1 1 4 1 2 _ 1 _ 1 " 2 3 3 1 “ 1 4 2 1 1 3 1 2 3 2 1 1 3 3 1 - 53 50 50 23 23 8 8 _ 5 14 14 14 3 3 - 2 15 15 15 1 1 1 1 ' | i 3 3 1 _ 1 S elected o ffic e occupations C lerk s, gen eral (all wom en) ---- —— C lerk s, p a y ro ll (all w o m e n )---------- 9 2 1 2 1 Excludes prem ium pay for ove rtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. tive b a sis. 2 Includes data fo r w o rk e rs in c la s sific a tio n in addition to those shown separately. j 5 1 3 A p proxim ately 69 percent of the production w orkers covered by the study w ere paid on an incen Table 17. Occupational Earnings: Pennsylvania (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w ork ers in selecte d occupations in w ork clothing manufacturing estab lish m en ts, Febru ary 1968) A v erNum ber o f w o rk e rs re ce iv in g straight*-tim e h ou rly earnings of— age $ i.6 o $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 11780 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $275(3 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50' $3.60 of hourly Under and and w o rk - e a rn $1.60 under ings 1 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 ov er N um - Occupation and se x A ll production w o rk ers__ M e n ...................................... W om en r---------- ------ ----- 195 29 166 78 6 72 78 11 67 60 3 57 55 7 48 140 44 96 76 16 60 80 9 71 50 14 36 40 5 35 33 15 18 21 15 6 11 5 6 9 5 4 12 10 2 . 15 15 9 - - . - 3 1 1 _ 1 1 - - 1 - 6 6 - 7 6 _ 1 - 2 2 - 2 3 1 2 2 8 3 3 1 2 3 1 - 2 1 - 2 2 ‘ 18 . 18 341 17 324 171 10 161 80 79 73 69 70 - 10 10 4 - 8 1. 68 - 2 40 2. 19 - - 13 2. 93 1,608 $1 91 2 25 248 1, 360 1 84 115 3 112 4 4 5 4 1 2 2 - 4 4 . 10 10 - 2 2 _ 1 - 1 1 _ _ 3 2 - . - 1 - 6 1 - - - - - - - 1 . - _ _ _ - S elected production occupations C u tte rs, m achine (all m en) _____ ___________ _____ T im e—___ — ____ ______ In sp ectors, fin a l_________ W o m e n __ _____________ — Tim a P r e s s e r s , finish , hand (all w om en ) 2 a / ---------------P r e s s e r s , finish , machine (26 w om en and 14 m en) 2 b / ----------------------R ep airm en , sewing m achine (all m en) (all tim ew o rk ers)------ -----------Sew ing-m achine op e r ator s — W o m e n ______________ T im e .—. - - . — - __ Inc entive_________ T h in g a r ftfta --------------------------- W om en 2b /__________ W ork p a n t s la ll w omen) 2_b/-----------------S p r e a d e r s _________ : _______ M e n _____________________ T im e ....... ............— .. Thread trim m e r s (all w omen)— .................—----Incentive________________ W atchm en (all m en) (all tim ew o rk ers)— —— . . W ork d istrib u to rs.— . . . . . Men (all t im e w ork ers) — --------------- 27 22 28 25 13 2 2 1 1. 1. - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 2 - - 1 2 2 - 3 1 - - 1, 168 1, 142 156 986 316 292 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 86 86 69 89 96 95 _ . . _ . 279 273 18 255 78 72 145 145 76 69 24 24 95 95 22 73 10 10 117 117 32 85 34 34 62 62 2 60 8 8 49 49 2 47 4 4 55 53 _ 53 14 14 40 40 2 38 8 8 99 87 87 42 30 59 59 _ 59 18 18 66 66 _ 66 22 22 30 30 30 8 8 31 31 31 16 16 24 18 2 16 16 10 5 5 _ 5 4 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ - _ - - - _ - 426 16 14 12 1. 2. 2. 2. 80 19 18 22 _ _ _ - 124 _ - 31 . _ - 35 _ - 20 . _ - 23 - 34 3 3 2 25 4 4 4 13 2 2 2 8 2 _ - 2 2 2 2 2 _ - _ _ - " - _ - - _ - - - 1 1 1 - - 26 1 1 1 13 1 1 “ 70 _ - - - 26 14 6 2 5 5 3 1 2 2 _ _ _ _ - - - 1 1 _ - 2 2 - 1 1 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 4 - - 2 4 ! - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 47 29 1. 71 1. 75 7 27 1. 86 !• 77 24 1. 78 - _ - 5 2 5 1 13 - 2 5 1 10 1 _ _ 3 _ _ 1 - - - 1 - - _ Selected office occupations C le r k s, general (all w om en)...................... ........... C le r k s, p ayroll (5 women and 1 m a n ). . . . . . . 15 1. 95 _ _ 4 6 2. 11 - - - 1 2 4 - 2 1 Excludes p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. A p proxim ately 70 percent of the production w orkers covered by the study w ere paid on an incentive b a sis. 2 Insufficient data to w arrant publication of separate averages by m ethod of wage paym ent; (a) predom inantly tim ew o rk ers, and (b) predom inantly incentive w o r k e r s. 3 Includes data for w ork ers in classifica tion in addition to those shown sep arately. Table 18. Occupational Earnings: Tennessee (Num ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w ork ers in s e le cte d occupations in w ork clothing m anufacturing establish m en ts, F eb ru ary 1968) O ccupation and sex A ll production w ork ers ....................................... ......... Men ________________ ____________________________ W omen _______________________________ __________ Num A v e r Num ber o f w o rk e rs r e ce iv in g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings ofber age $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2.00 $2.10 $2720 $2730 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2770 $2.80 $ X 9 0 $3.00 $372(5 $3.40 $3.66 of hourly and w o rk earn and under e rs in gs1 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 over 8, 334 $ 1 .8 4 2414 1, 161 1.90 258 7, 173 1.83 22156 1167 103 1064 690 134 556 690 103 587 474 78 396 376 66 310 336 47 289 309 47 262 520 62 458 349 64 285 310 58 252 176 30 146 142 34 108 114 19 95 72 14 58 68 14 54 31 3 28 27 2 25 36 13 23 21 7 14 9 3 6 3 2 1 7 7 7 14 14 11 6 6 6 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 _ 5 5 2 2 2 _ - 7 2 5 5 4 3 1 7 7 7 6 6 2 2 1 1 3 3 5 5 5 3 3 5 3 2 2 22 22 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 _ 5 3 2 6 6 6 5 5 _ 8 7 1 7 6 6 4 3 1 _ 1 1 16 14 2 9 8 8 8 7 _ 20 15 5 2 2 2 2 2 1 _ 1 1 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 _ 1 - _ _ 2 2 _ _ - 2 2 2 1 1 1 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - . 2 2 _ _ . - _ _ • - _ _ . _ . _ - _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ - 12 2 S elected production occupations A s s e m b le r s _______________________________________ ____ _ _ ___ __ W om en3a / _ _ Men ......................................................................... Tim e ................................................................. ......... Incentive ______ _________ ___________________ C u tters, m achine (all m en) _______________________ Tim e ____________________________________________ _______________________ _ Incentive _ __ F o ld e r s , garm ent4 _______________________________ Women .......................... ........................................... Incentive ________________________________ Hand 3b / _________________________________________ W om en____________________________ __________ Garment repairm en (16 w om en and In sp ectors, final (307 w om en and 3 m en) ___________________________________________ T i m e ____________________________________________ Incentive _______________________________________ Jan itors (all tim ew ork ers) _____________________ _ W omen __ ___ __ _____ __ ___ M en ____________________________________________ _ M arkers ___________________ ____ __________________ W omen _________________________________________ T i m e _________________________________________ M en ______________________________________________ Tim e ________________________________________ Incentive ____________________________________ P r e s s e r s , finish, m achine (all incentive w o rk e rs) ________________________ W omen _______________________________ _________ Men _____________________________________________ R ep airm en, sewing m achine (all m en) (all tim ew ork e rs) _______________________________ Sew ing-m achine o p e r a t o r s 4 ___ ______________ W omen ................. ............. ...................... .................. Incentive ________________________________ D ungarees (all w omen) ________________________ Incentive _______________________________ O vera lls and industrial garm ents (a ll incentive w o rk e rs) _____________________ W om en ___________________________________ . W ork pants (2, 087 w om en and 4 m en) (all incentive w o rk e rs ) ______________ Work shirts (all women) (all incentive w o rk e rs ) _______________________ See footn otes at end o f table. 46 13 33 27 6 97 78 19 88 73 65 63 51 1.81 1.81 1.82 1. 70 2. 34 2. 09 2. 03 2. 32 1.83 1.86 1.88 1. 84 1.86 10 1 9 9 3 3 27 15 10 23 14 1 17 1. 74 310 12 298 86 15 71 51 13 8 38 32 6 1.89 1.67 1. 90 1.66 1.66 1.65 2 .05 1.85 1.84 2. 12 2. 12 2. 13 89 7 82 53 10 43 2 2 _ _ _ - 49 49 13 2 11 _ _ _ - 10 3 7 5 1 4 1 _ 1 1 - 31 31 7 7 4 4 4 _ - 8 2 6 6 1 5 1 _ _ 1 1 - 7 7 1 1 6 3 3 3 3 - 17 17 1 1 4 1 3 3 - 15 15 _ _ 3 _ 3 2 1 16 16 _ _ 3 2 1 1 _ 1 15 15 13 _ 13 11 2 17 17 11 1 10 8 2 6 6 _ _ _ . _ 11 11 _ . 1 _ 1 1 8 8 _ 2 _ 2 2 3 3 . _ _ 2 _ 2 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ 6 6 _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 305 143 162 1.96 1.82 2. 08 82 44 38 28 22 6 20 14 6 17 12 5 9 4 5 25 12 13 7 7 - 6 4 2 14 2 12 19 1 18 22 10 12 9 3 6 11 3 8 10 1 9 10 2 8 6 _ 6 2 _ 2 2 2 - 4 4 2 2 _ _ - . - 80 5, 754 5,725 5,626 1, 122 1,023 2.44 1.84 1.84 1.85 1.95 1.98 1651 1641 1635 243 237 873 871 850 101 80 3 458 458 440 86 68 450 448 406 106 64 1 301 301 298 47 44 5 250 248 248 36 36 233 233 227 59 53 203 202 202 41 41 10 386 380 380 92 92 9 245 245 242 58 55 5 214 212 212 59 59 10 134 132 132 35 35 11 94 92 92 46 46 3 85 85 85 26 26 42 42 42 19 19 7 50 50 50 30 30 1 28 28 28 9 9 1 22 22 22 9 9 6 21 21 21 10 10 5 8 8 8 8 8 3 5 5 5 2 2 1 1 1 - 1, 374 1,352 1.84 1.84 479 473 66 64 131 131 122 122 57 57 75 73 60 60 60 60 119 113 53 53 50 48 36 34 8 6 30 30 6 6 6 6 8 8 4 4 4 4 _ . _ - _ - 2,091 1. 78 682 483 159 155 123 72 50 60 78 69 51 36 23 14 13 8 6 6 2 _ 1 _ 976 1.85 229 191 65 61 59 50 53 38 70 56 39 24 14 11 3 2 3 5 • 1 1 1 Table 18. Occupational Earnings: (N u m b e r an d a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s Occupation and sex Tennessee— Continued o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k c lo t h in g m a n u fa c t u r in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , F e b r u a r y 1968) Num A v e r Num ber of w ork ers receiving stra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings of— ber age $ 1.60 $ 1 . 6 6 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1.75 $ 1 . 8 0 $1785 $T790 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $27TO $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 ^ 3.40 $ 3 .6 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 of hourly and w ork ea rn and under ers ings 1 $1 .65 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .8 5 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 . 9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 over Selected production occupations— Continued S preaders ________________________________________ M e n __ ________________________________ __________ Tim e __________________________________________ Incentive _________ _____________ _____ fitn r lt r l A r k o ( a l l H m f t w f i r lr e r f i) Men ________________________________________________ U n d e r p re sse r s, hand (17 women and 1 2 men) (all incentive w ork ers) _ . U n d e r p re sse r s, m achine (27 women and 2 men) ________________^_________________________ Incentive _ ___ _ ___ _ __ _ W atchm en (all men) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )___________ W ork d istribu tors (all tim ew ork ers) ........................ Women .................................... ........ ..................................... Men _____________________________________ _____________ _ 66 61 47 14 13 9 $ 1 .8 4 1 .8 2 1 .7 9 1.9 1 1.7 1 1. 70 _ _ - 5 5 5 _ - _ 3 3 12 10 9 1 10 6 13 13 10 3 16 16 13 3 5 5 4 1 _ _ _ 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 4 4 3 1 4 2 2 _ „ : _ _ _ 2 2 > 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - - - - 29 1 .7 9 6 15 1 - 1 2 1 - _ 1 - 29 26 11 211 34 177 1 .6 5 1 .6 4 1 .7 1 1 .7 0 1 .6 4 1 .7 1 15 15 3 54 11 43 5 5 5 49 19 30 6 3 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 39 39 16 1 15 1 9 _ 3 1 1 1 - - - _ . _ - _ _ 9 3 1 1 - - - - - 71 37 8 1 .9 5 1. 93 2 . 20 _ 4 10 5 5 4 12 14 4 2 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ 2 1 - - 1 - - - 3 . 36 39 5 3 4 7 13 3 4 5 _ 1 . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ - - _ _ Selected office occupations C le r k s, general (all women) ______________________ C le r k s p a y r o ll (a ll w o m e n ) Stenographers, general (all w o m e n )______________ - - - 1 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . A p p r o x im a t e ly 80 p e r c e n t o f th e p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y the stu d y w e r e p a id in c e n t iv e b a s is . 2 I n c lu d e s 28 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1 . 6 0 . 3 I n s u ffic ie n t da ta t o w a r ra n t p u b lic a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e t h o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t; (a ) p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , a n d (b ) p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . 4 I n c lu d e s data f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n in a d d itio n to t h o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly . on an Table 19. Occupational Earnings: Texas 8 (N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k c lo t h in g m a n u fa c t u r in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , F e b r u a r y 1968) NumOccupation and sex of w ork- A ll production w o rk ers— Men Wom en Number of w orkers receivin g s tra igh t-tim e hourly earnings of— A verage $ 1 . 6 0 $1755 $1.70 $1.75 $1780 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $2 . 0 0 $2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .70 $2 .8 0 $2 .90 $3 .0 0 $3 .1 0 $3.20 $ 3 .30 $ 3 .40 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $3 .70 hourly e a rn and unde i ings 1 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1 .90 $1.95 $2 . 0 0 $2 . 1 0 $2 . 2 0 $2 .30 $2 .4 0 $2 .5 0 $2 .6 0 $ 2 .70 $2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .00 $3 .1 0 $3 .2 0 $3 .30 $3 .40 $ 3 .50 $3.60 $ 3 .7 0 over 242 10 475 3735 576 76 500 719 133 586 705 77 628 653 97 556 446 50 396 436 54 382 313 27 286 569 52 517 473 46 427 261 35 226 212 22 190 176 24 152 106 42 64 61 28 33 78 30 48 77 34 43 26 7 19 27 15 12 15 13 2 18 13 5 9 7 2 14 4 10 3 3 - 9 3 6 15 11 4 21 L3 _ _ 1 . _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 13 13 2 2 1 1 16 16 10 6 3 3 3 4 4 6 6 7 7 2 5 8 8 5 5 2 2 2 2 _ _ 2 2 2 4 4 _ _ _ 12 8 _ 4 2 - - - - - _ _ _ 5 2 2 2 2 - 3 3 1 2 - 2 2 _ 1 1 1 10 8 1 7 2 2 2 _ _ _ 2 2 12 12 _ 5 1 1 4 4 4 _ 111 104 36 68 63 54 46 1 .7 4 1 AO 2 .3 9 2 .4 3 2. 04 2 .6 4 1 .7 9 1.81 1. 85 58 54 46 l ! 80 1 . 81 1 .8 5 _ 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 _ _ _ 1 _ _ 45 437 421 49 372 8 8 6 6 5 5 _ _ - 1 0 ,2 0 7 $1..83 1 .9 4 1, 378 1.8 1 8 , 829 Selected production occupations A s s e m b le r s — C u tters, machine Men Tim e Inc e nti ve____________ F o ld e r s, garm ent4 __ —__ Incentive— — Hand W nwi on Incentive Garm ent rep airm en (all women) (all t im e In sp ectors, final W om en Incentive Janitors (all t im e w ork ers) Men M a rlrA rs T irv.® W nm An P r e s s e r s , finish , machine W om en Incentive M e n _____________________ Incentive R epairm en , sewing m achine (all m en) (all tim ew ork ers) Sew ing-m achine op erators 4 W om «n Dungarees (all in centive w ork ers)— Wom en W ork pants (all in centive w o r k e r s )— __ Womepi __________________ W ork sh irts (all women) (all in centive w ork ers) — 27 - - _ - _ 2 - . _ 3 3 3 4 4 4 29 28 20 10 4 4 6 7 4 4 3 3 2 1 3 3 3 _ _ 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 _ 3 3 3 1 .6 9 l ! 81 1 .8 2 1 .7 0 l ! 83 32 35 33 9 24 3 23 23 5 18 4 178 164 16 148 10 10 1 5 18 18 1 28 28 12 12 29 29 38 38 18 28 12 29 38 8 6 5 111 84 27 62 33 25 29 1 .7 0 1 .7 2 1. 65 2. 15 2 .4 6 2. 45 1 . 80 62 46 16 16 3 3 13 5 5 18 12 3 3 1 1 2 2 _ _ _ - _ _ . _ 4 5 2 2 3 j 1 1 3 3 2 2 1 338 22 0 203 118 84 1 .8 5 1.9 0 1 .9 3 1 .7 6 1 .8 2 129 82 70 47 14 15 2 2 13 13 26 15 10 11 10 _ 29 28 20 _ _ 4 3 3 3 2 . 5 9 8 4 4 4 1 39 39 18 21 8 7 - . _ _ 6 1 1 - _ _ _ 1 _ 2 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ 2 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ 2 2 3 4 10 10 10 _ 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 _ _ 4 4 2 2 _ _ 4 2 2 _ _ _ _ 4 4 2 6 11 11 11 _ 1 2 3 2 22 7 7 15 15 14 9 9 5 5 1 1 15 9 9 6 6 11 8 8 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 35 34 34 1 1 10 8 8 2 2 13 6 6 7 7 24 19 19 5 5 5 5 5 _ _ 1 1 1 6 2 1 3 2 2 1 1 4 4 4 3 3 3 _ _ _ _ 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ 2 .5 9 - - 3 3 6 8 2 2 7 5 12 1 9 18 1 8 7 3 10 5 8 4 1 .8 1 1 .8 1 1 .8 1 3296 3184 3182 373 373 373 478 470 470 561 553 553 448 448 448 322 322 322 326 318 318 233 233 233 411 407 407 314 306 306 192 192 192 157 157 157 115 115 115 65 57 57 30 30 30 41 41 41 36 36 36 15 15 15 8 8 8 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 1 ,0 8 5 1, 073 1 .8 8 1 .8 9 342 334 47 47 59 59 100 100 83 83 61 61 48 48 48 48 93 89 59 59 35 35 36 36 19 19 14 14 6 6 13 13 12 12 2 2 2 2 _ _ _ 3 ,7 0 4 3 ,5 5 2 1. 83 1 .8 3 1496 1392 209 209 204 196 344 336 223 223 153 153 174 166 134 134 190 190 194 186 113 113 80 80 60 60 35 27 26 18 16 16 18 18 13 13 6 6 2 2 4 4 86 134 21 19 47 31 35 40 16 37 18 19 14 14 2 6 2 1. 1 1 _ _ 133 455 _ _ _ _ 2 2 2 7 ,4 5 3 7 ,2 8 9 7 ,2 8 7 S ee fo o t n o t e s at e n d o f ta b le, _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ 8 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 Table 19. Occupational Earnings: Texas— Continued (N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o r k c lo t h in g m a n u fa c t u r in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , F e b r u a r y 1968) N um O ccupation and sex of w o rk - A v erNum ber o f w o rk e rs r e ce iv in g stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings of— age $1.60 $1765" $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3730 $3740 $3750 $375o $3.70 hourly and under ings $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $ 2 . 6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 ov er Selected p roduction occupations— Continued Shipping cle r k s (all tim ew ork ers) M en ___________________ Spreaders M en ___________________ Tim e Incentive Stock cle rk s (all tim e w o rk e rs )________________ M en Th read trim m e rs (all w om en) Incentive U n d e rp re s s e rs , hand (all incentive w o rk W nmen U n d e rp re s s e rs , m arbiTiA W om en (all incentive w o r k e r s )_____________ W atchm en (all m en) (all tim ew ork ers) W ork distribu tors (all t im e w o r k e r s )—— ___——. Mon W AmAn 20 $1 . 9 6 1.97 1.96 6 6 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 9 9 3 _ 6 - 17 15 3 - 3 3 9 3 3 2 . 11 _ 4 4 _ 4 41 36 1.8 6 1.8 8 2 2 128 93 1 . 82 1. 89 63 34 52 33 19 1. 93 1. 97 1. 87 10 2 8 17 . 1-91 6 1.9 6 1.65 _ 4 4 _ _ _ _ - 29 29 25 4 18 97 94 32 62 1 2 3 3 3 3 8 8 _ _ _ 2 _ 4 3 _ 3 2 8 4 4 2 2 3 3 3 3 _ 3 3 3 3 4 4 8 8 5 5 2 2 7 7 11 11 3 3 3 3 5 5 1 8 4 8 6 2 10 3 7 3 2 4 2 _ 1 - 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 10 8 2 2 8 8 2 6 - _ 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 1 1 _ - _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ - _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ - 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - - 3 - - - - - - _ - _ _ _ 2 2 7 7 2 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > _ _ _ 2 1.95 4 1 1 1 4 2 1 _ - 1 2 222 1.67 1.67 102 22 20 2 - 12 42 27 15 18 18 1.6 8 29 13 16 9 4 5 146 1.75 46 11 29 28 6 10 2 2 6 3 - 67 1.91 4 5 5 3 7 7 6 16 1 6 3 31 1.72 7 g 4 2 8 90 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.72 172 50 1 1 2 2 15 2 _ _ 8 10 4 - _ 2 2 _ 3 3 _ 3 - - - _ _ _ - - - - 2 2 - _ 7 7 _ 7 - 2 - S elected o ffic e occupations C le rk s , g en eral (all w om en) C le r k s , p a y ro ll (all T yp ists, c la s s B (till 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la t e s h i ft s . A p p r o x i m a t e l y 85 p e r c e n t o f the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y the stu d y w e r e p a id on sin in c e n t iv e b a s i s . 2 In c lu d e s 50 w o r k e r s u n d er $ 1 . 6 0 . 3 I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p u b lic a t io n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m e t h o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t ; (a ) p r e d o m in a n t ly t im e w o r k e r s , and (b ) p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . 4 In c lu d e s da ta f o r w o r k e r s in c l a s s i f ic a t i o n in a d d itio n to th o s e sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y . Table 20. Occupational Earnings: Virginia (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in work clothing manufacturing establishments, February 1968) NumOccupation and sex A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s __ M e n _____________________ W o m e n __________-______ A v e r- Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— dgc $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $ 2 . 9 0 $ M $3.10 $3720" $3.10 $3.40 $3.50 $37So of hourly Under and w o rk ea rn and $1.60 onder ings 1 ers $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $1.95 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 over 3,450 460 2,990 $ 1 . 86 2. 04 1. 83 51 51 1223 91 1132 323 39 284 227 42 185 229 43 186 181 20 161 123 9 114 118 9 109 114 13 101 180 28 152 145 31 114 109 14 95 119 27 92 69 13 56 74 18 56 34 12 22 28 7 21 20 5 15 28 5 23 17 9 ■8 I n c e n t i v e ___________ I n s p e c t o r s , f i n a l _________ W om en ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _____________ J a n i t o r s -----—--------------------W o m e n ( a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ______________ M en ( a ll t i m e w ork ers) — M a r k e r s ___________________ M e n __________________ l — P r e s s e r s , fin is h , m a c h i n e _________________ M en ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) -------------------R e p a ir m e n , s e w in g m a ch in e (a ll m e n ) (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ___________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s 3 ______________ W o m e n -----------------------I n c e n t i v e _________ D u n g a r e e s (a ll w o m e n ) (a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) ________ W o r k pants ____________ W o m e n ( a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) ____ S hipping c l e r k s ----------------M e n _____________________ T i m e ________________ S p r e a d e r s (a ll m e n ) ______ I n c e n t i v e ----------------------S to ck c l e r k s _______________ W o m e n ___ ______________ T i m e ________________ W o r k d i s t r i b u t o r s -----------M e n _____________________ T i m e ________________ 11 4 7 6 6 2 5 _ 7 4 2 1 2 6 1 ' S e le c t e d p r o d u c t io n o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s , m a c h in e ________ W o m e n 2 ________________ M e n ___ __________________ 6 6 2. 35 3 4 2 2 2 - _ 2 - _ - 2 9 2 8 _ _ 15 _ 3 15 3 3 4 9 8 6 2 - - _ - _ - - 63 7 56 23 33 160 2 . 12 - - - - - - - 2. 2. 2. 1. 3 - 67 _ 3 1 2 158 32 1. 89 1 . 66 - 67 19 3 3 11 1 . 60 - 10 1 21 1. 69 17 14 13 2 . 06 2 . 08 2 . 06 _ _ _ - - 38 11 57 89 _ _ 9 2 3 4 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 _ - 2 1 1 1 - 6 1 _ 4 . 4 3 5 _ 5 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 16 3 13 7 12 1 11 8 5 _ 5 _ 5 3 7 10 8 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 5 5 5 2 1 - - - 1 1 _ _ _ 6 5 1 1 1 _ 1 _ _ _ 6 1 1 _ _ 1 3 3 5 4 _ 4 3 _ 1 1 1 - 1 2 5 3 _ _ 2 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ 6 2 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 1 1 1 _ _ _ 1 _ 2 1 1 1 - - - - 1 1 . - 3 _ 3 _ 3 - _ _ _ _ 1 81 1. 98 - 27 8 5 5 4 2 - 1 2 5 2 3 5 1 3 1 1 4 1 - 1 - - - k 55 2. 07 - 16 3 2 3 2 2 - 1 2 4 2 3 5 1 2 1 1 3 1 - 1 - - - - - 41 2. 27 - - 1 - 3 - - - - 8 6 1 10 - 5 5 1 - 1 - - - - 2, 353 2 , 339 2, 315 1. 84 1. 84 1. 84 _ 210 142 142 142 90 90 90 85 85 85 121 120 120 91 91 91 77 76 76 77 77 77 43 43 43 43 42 42 18 18 18 18 17 17 13 13 13 15 15 15 1 122 81 81 81 9 209 209 116 116 115 124 123 - 966 961 939 8 8 - 7 7 7 2 2 2 1,335 603 91 49 75 26 53 17 67 16 72 23 50 25 43 19 31 16 26 8 6 10 4 6 2 6 19 18 8 22 93 23 48 - 548 303 75 1 . 81 5 7 4 3 1 - - - - - - 1 . 81 1 . 82 _ 298 5 3 3 48 4 4 4 23 5 5 4 25 17 3 16 3 22 25 18 16 6 17 5 6 4 3 . _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ 2 1 1 1 1 1 - 2 1 20 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 591 49 33 26 15 1. 83 85 _ 86 - 35 52 78 72 _ 69 58 50 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 16 1. 98 25 1. 92 11 27 16 10 _ _ _ 66 _ 69 69 69 _ _ - 25 7 7 7 9 20 18 2 2 2 22 11 3 1 1 1 6 2 1 _ - 4 1 6 13 13 15 13 3 11 12 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 . - 4 3 5 4 4 - 4 1 - _ _ 20 _ 7 7 7 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ - - - 2 2 2 2 1 1 n S e le c t e d o f f i c e o c c u p a t io n s C l e r k s , g e n e r a l (a ll w o m e n ) ---------------------------C l e r k s , p a y r o l l (a ll w o m e n ) ---------------------------- - . 1 2 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 5 1 1 1 4 2 6 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Approximately 84 percent of the production workers covered by the study were paid on an incen tive basis. 2 Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate averages by method of wage payment; predominantly incentive workers. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. Table 21. Method o f W age Payment (P ercen t of production w ork ers in w ork clothing m anufacturing establishm ents by m ethod o f w age paym ent, United States and s elected r eg ion s , F eb ru ary 1968) U nited S ta tes 2 M e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t 1 A11 100 M id d le A t la n t ic 100 100 62 62 85 63 1 21 In c e n t iv e w o r k e r s _ .------_ ---------------I n d iv id u a l p i e c e w o r k ___ — G rou p p ie ce w o rk ___ ___ — __ In d iv id u a l b on u s — . . ___ — G r o u p b o n u s ------------------------------------------------------------------ 82 76 1 ,5 X ( 3) T i m e - r a t e d w o r k e r s -------- - — F o r m a l p la n s _ ----— — S in g le r a t e — __ Range o f ra te s — ___ I n d iv id u a l r a t e s — 18 6 2 -- 4 - 13 37 _ B order S ta tes _ ft ( 3) ( 3) S ou th ea st 100 S o u th w e st 100 87 96. ( 3) 81 74 2 4 ( 3) 15 5 1 4 10 19 3 2 1 16 13 6 2 ( 3) ( 3) 3 8 G rea t L ^k es 100 M id d le W est 100 P a c ific 100 69 65 3 ( 3) 85 81 1 3 ( 3) 81 81 (» ) 31 13 1 12 19 15 11 3 8 5 19 16 8 8 2 - ___________________ 1 1 F or definition o f m ethods o f wage payment, see appendix A. 2 Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown separately. 3 L e s s than 0. 5 percen t. NOTE: B ecause o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s may not equal totals. Table 22. Scheduled W eekly Hours (P e rce n t o f production and o ffice w ork ers in w ork clothing m anufacturing establishm ents by scheduled w eekly hours, United States 2 Weekly hours 1 Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast United States and selected re g io n s , Febru ary 1968) Southwest Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Production workers All workers ~ _ __ _ 32 hou rs— ----------- — 35 hours-------------------- --------37 V2 hours —— — — — — 40 hours ------ „ „ — — — — — __ 100 — — — — ------ — — -----— — — — ------ ------- .1. ( 3) ( 3) 98 100 100 100 - 2 - 100 - - - - 100 100 98 100 - 100 3 4 100 100 7 87 - - 100 100 100 100 100 - _ * _ - 90 100 100 Office workers All workers _ __ — ------ —— — 100 100 35 hou rs— „ — „ — — — — — — --------— — 3 7 V2 hours...................— — ------— ............. 38V2 hours--------------- --------- ---- ---- ----------- — 1 _ - 40 — _ hours------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 97 100 100 100 100 9 _ - . - 90 100 100 ( 3) 1 Data relate to the predom inant w ork schedule fo r fu ll-tim e d a y-sh ift w o rk e rs in each establishm ent. 2 Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown separately. 3 L e s s than 0. 5 p ercen t. NOTE: B ecause of rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal totals. 3 7 Table 23. Paid Holidays g (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in w o rk c lo t h in g m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a vin g f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p a id h o lid a y s , U n ited Sta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , F e b r u a r y 1968) United States 1 Num ber of paid holidays Middle Atlantic B o rd e r States Southeast Southwest G reat Lakes M iddle W est P a cific P rodu ction w o rk e rs A ll w ork e rs _ W ork ers in establishm ents providing paid holidays _ 3 half days ---1 day 2 days . . . . . . . . . . 3 days4 days. 5 d ays- . . . . 5 days plus 1 half day A flays _. . 6 days plus 1 half day. — — . . 6 days plus 2 half days . 7 days _ . — 8 days _ .. ---11 d a y s __— ________ ___ — __ W ork ers in establishm ents providing no paid holidays _. ---------------------- — ------- — 100 92 ( 2) 3 1 8 8 9 ( 2) 27 1 2 29 3 ( 2) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 18 60 5 15 99 2 9 12 15 3 20 35 3 - 87 8 3 12 15 11 27 3 9 - 88 8 4 11 32 32 - 97 1 6 21 28 41 - 100 20 68 12 - 100 46 26 29 - (2) 13 12 3 ■ ■ 8 O ffice w ork ers A ll w ork e rs _ __ ____ __ — — — W ork ers in establishm ents providing paid holidays __ ---1 day__ — ------------— — — 2 days _ — ._ ___ 3 days - __ - — _ — - 4 d a y s ----------------------------------------------------------------------5 d a y s --- ---- — — ____ ____ — — — — — 5 days plus 1 half d a y _____________________________ 6 days - — . . . . . 6 days plus 1 half day ._ — 6 days plus 2 half days . .. — — ---7 days. . . _ ------- — 7 days plus 1 half day . . . 8 days. . — — 11 days . ............................ W ork ers in establishm ents providing no paid holidays . . . . . . .. 100 97 2 1 7 5 9 ( 2) 39 1 1 26 3 1 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 7 66 1 26 99 4 8 11 4 31 40 1 - 88 8 3 11 13 18 27 3 6 - 99 11 3 8 61 2 14 - 100 3 12 30 3 21 31 - 100 51 47 1 - 100 31 63 7 - ( 2) 12 1 3 1 I n clu d e s data f o r r e g i o n s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e show n s e p a r a t e ly . 2 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n ot e q u a l to ta ls. Table 24. Paid Vacations (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in w o r k c lo t h in g m a n u fa c t u r in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a vin g f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p a id v a c a t io n s a ft e r lo n g e r p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , U n ited S ta tes and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , F e b r u a r y 1968) United Middle States 1 Atlantic V acation p o licy B o rd e r States South east South w est G reat Lakes M iddle W est P a cific United M iddle States Atlantic B ord er States P rodu ction w o rk e rs A ll w ork e rs — South east South w est G reat Lakes M iddle W est P a cific O ffice w ork ers 100 100 100 100 100 97 37 57 1 1 88 66 23 99 26 71 99 42 49 5 3 96 70 27 - 100 34 66 - 100 33 67 - 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 78 20 (2 ) (2) 96 96 95 54 41 _ 99 48 49 2 100 90 9 1 _ 100 85 15 _ _ 100 99 1 _ _ 100 100 _ . _ 2 4 1 5 - - - - 4 _ 84 8 _ _ 79 _ 18 _ (2 ) 83 13 _ - _ 90 1 9 _ _ 82 _ 18 _ _ 74 _ 26 _ _ _ 63 _ 37 _ - M ethod o f paym ent W orkers in establishm ents providin g paid vacations L en g th -of-tim e paym en t____________ _________ ____ P ercen tage paym ent-__. . . _____ ___ ____ ____________ F lat-su m paym ent Other W orkers in establishm ents providing no paid vacations - - - 2 94 31 64 - 3 12 (2 ) 6 1 4 “ - 3 81 1 10 (2 ) 1 13 _ 57 6 12 89 9 - 8 79 _ 8 _ 81 5 9 85 100 _ _ - _ 11 - 90 _ 10 _ 2 75 4 12 3 - - 13 42 33 90 9 - 6 76 4 8 - 65 8 19 3 2 46 7 35 6 8 48 33 43 23 33 6 57 4 27 - 25 4 60 9 8 _ 27 54 25 3 47 7 16 25 3 40 5 25 27 - - - _ Amount o f vacation p a y 3 A fter 1 year s e r v ic e : Under 1 w eek____ — 1 w eek — — O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks . 2 w eeks _______________________________________________ O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks 3 weeks A fter 2 yea rs o f s e r v ic e : Under 1 w eek — 1 w eek O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks __ 2 weeks 3 weeks A fter 3 yea rs o f s e r v ic e : 1 w eek — 2 weeks 3 weeks A fter 5 yea rs o f s e r v ic e : 1 w eek O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks 2 w eeks — 3 w eeks A fter 10 yea rs o f s e r v ic e : 1 w eek — O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks 2 w eeks O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks 3 weeks After 15 y ea rs o f s e r v ic e :4 1 w eek O ver 1 and under 2 w eeks 2 weeks - O ver 2 and under 3 w eeks 3 w eeks — — — — — - - (2 ) 76 (2 ) 21 1 - 68 20 8 90 10 - 96 4 - (2 ) 61 2 31 4 4 58 34 77 22 - (2 ) 73 4 18 - 69 3 22 5 37 _ 61 2 _ 65 _ 35 - _ 59 _ 41 _ 52 36 - 37 8 54 10 (2 ) 42 5 46 5 59 34 32 26 40 - (2 ) 57 4 34 - 54 3 35 8 _ 24 - 9 -• 91 3 - - 46 8 31 13 74 2 . 46 _ 50 4 . 7 _ 93 _ 29 3 68 - 33 3 56 2 28 8 46 16 1 80 15 11 80 10 100 - 17 1 72 8 3 49 44 18 1 79 - 30 64 2 9 3 79 9 3 91 6 46 _ 50 4 _ 100 - 8 27 54 29 3 35 23 9 33 3 44 6 8 28 5 39 3 23 1 70 25 11 63 4 22 95 5 17 (2 ) 62 4 14 3' 49 44 18 1 40 26 13 30 57 4 5 9 1 75 2 13 3 79 46 38 _ 92 8 29 3 34 23 11 33 3 40 3 15 28 5 36 _ - 45 55 49 - - - - 29 44 45 17 (2 ) 58 3 20 3 - 66 18 1 39 26 14 51 2 12 _ - 54 - 30 - 1 11 - - - 44 1 In c lu d e s da ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to t h o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 2 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . 3 P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b it r a r i ly c h o s e n and d o n ot n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t the in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t p r o v is i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n . at 10 y e a r s m a y in c lu d e ch a n g e s o c c u r r i n g b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . * V a c a t io n p r o v is i o n s w e r e v ir t u a lly the sa m e a ft e r lo n g e r p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a ls . 30 . F o r e x a m p le , 9 - _ _ 18 16 3 46 - 8 _ - - _ _ 74 74 34 40 - - _ _ 17 23 20 60 ch a n g e s in p r o p o r t io n s in d ic a t e d T a b le 25. H e a lth , In s u ra n c e , an d R e tir e m e n t P lans (P ercen t o f production and office w ork ers in w ork clothing m anufacturing establishm ents having sp e cifie d health, in su ran ce, and retirem en t plans. United States and s e le cte d r e g io n s , F eb ru ary 1968) United Middle State s 2 Atlantic Type o f plan 1 B order States South east Southwe st G reat L akes P roduction w ork ers A ll w ork e rs ___ ^ - 100 100 Middle Pacific United Middle B order South SouthW est States 2 A tlantic States east we st Office w orkers 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 60 28 32 25 14 79 37 42 55 22 33 85 58 27 44 25 19 30 30 18 77 63 13 51 41 73 10 63 82 54 29 37 8 29 57 57 47 73 42 31 43 26 17 53 31 18 13 32 1 77 41 35 76 40 36 45 18 27 28 9 19 45 42 42 4 53 53 100 100 51 30 86 100 G reat Middle L akes West Pacific 100 100 100 85 62 23 58 42 16 42 4 37 44 38 7 14 7 7 W orkers in establishm ents providing: L ife insurance E m ployer financed __ _ Jointly financed ........................................................... A ccid en tal death and d ism em berm ent in s u r a n c e _____________________________________ ___ E m ployer fin a n c e d .................................. ................... Jointly financed Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both 3_____________________________________ Sickness and accident insurance _______________ E m ployer financed___________________________ Jointly fin a n c e d ____________ ___________ , ____ Sick leave (full pay, no waiting period) _ _ Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period) H ospitalization insurance E m ployer financed _____ Jointly fin a n c e d _________________________________ S u rgical in s u r a n c e ________________________________ E m ployer fin a n c e d _____________________________ Jointly fin a n c e d ________________________________ M edical in su ra n ce_________________________________ E m ployer financed _ _____ ___ Jointly financed ........................................................... Catastrophe insurance ....................... ............................ E m ployer financed Jointly fin a n c e d _________________________________ R etirem ent plans 4_________________________________ Retirem ent p e n s io n ____________________________ _____ E m ployer financed Jointly fin a n c e d _____ __________ _____________ Lu m p-sum payments .................................. ............... No p la n s ____________________________________________ 78 43 35 40 20 20 31 30 20 10 1 (5) 84 46 37 82 45 38 50 22 27 22 8 15 30 29 29 3 10 98 94 5 _ _ - 12 98 98 94 5 16 16 5 12 - - - 72 24 48 70 20 50 29 24 87 82 5 87 82 5 29 24 5 - 87 87 87 - 6 2 - 5 10 2 9 22 21 21 20 19 13 6 1 - - - 1 2 10 - 20 21 20 20 32 29 10 19 3 64 27 38 64 27 38 38 _ 38 27 27 43 43 43 64 53 11 64 53 11 30 33 25 6 19 67 66 56 - 85 54 30 85 54 30 53 20 - - 95 46 49 92 43 49 52 7 26 12 33 27 16 11 32 28 28 4 12 - 10 1 21 10 16 6 10 17 15 15 - 1 12 - 10 11 - 96 86 11 96 86 11 51 40 11 41 31 11 74 74 74 - 4 9 _ - _ _ 92 92 92 39 49 49 49 49 - 3 3 - 2 2 - 90 90 90 21 24 15 9 19 19 9 10 13 , 71 39 32 70 36 34 63 36 27 16 9 7 15 15 15 - - - 29 7 9 36 50 55 19 36 33 12 8 4 19 2 90 36 54 87 33 54 49 19 30 27 7 19 21 15 15 6 2 89 59 30 65 48 17 71 U 5 16 59 90 55 35 90 55 35 50 19 31 33 12 21 57 54 54 68 65 49 16 31 3 54 35 19 54 35 19 32 16 17 19 3 16 36 34 34 - - 3 8 8 2 _ - 36 25 4 20 11 - 52 23 29 52 23 29 45 16 29 42 20 22 82 82 82 - 88 83 31 52 5 97 37 59 97 38 59 66 7 59 59 59 38 38 38 - 3 1 Includes only those plans fo r which at least part o f the cost is borne by the em ployer and exclu des legally requ ired plans, such as w ork m en 's com pensation and s o c ia l secu rity; how ever, plans required by State te m p o ra ry d isability laws are included if the em ployer contribu tes m o re than is legally required o r the em p loyees r e c e iv e benefits in e x c e s s of the legal requ irem en ts. 2 Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown separately. 3 Unduplicated total of w o rk e rs re ce iv in g sick leave o r sick ness and accident insurance shown separately. 4 Unduplicated total of w o rk e rs in plants having p rovision s fo r pension plans or lum p-su m paym ents shown separately. 5 L ess than 0. 5 p ercent. NOTE: B ecause of rounding, sum s of individual item s m ay not equal totals. T a b le 26. O th e r S e le c te d B e n e fits (P ercen t of production and office w orkers in work clothing m anufacturing establishm ents having form al provisions for funeral leave pay, jury duty pay, and severance pay, United States and selected regions, F ebruary 1968) United States 1 M iddle Atlantic B order State s South east South we st Great Lakes M iddle West P a cific P rodu ction w o rk e rs W ork ers in establishm ents with p rov is ion s fo r : Funeral leave p a y ______________ _______________ Jury duty p a y ___________________________________ S everan ce p a y 2 _ ___ __ _ _ _______ 12 25 (3) 5 " 42 19 " 3 21 " 9 37 - 8 18 - 17 24 _ 29 - 22 67 3 18 10 25 7 O ffice w o rk e rs W ork ers in establishm ents with p rov is ion s fo r : F u neral leave p a y ____ _ .. ..... . Jury duty p a y __________________________________ S everan ce pay 2_______________________________ _ 1 2 3 14 32 (3) - 51 16 2 21 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Pay to em ployees perm anently separated from the company because of a technological change or closing of the plant. L ess than 0. 5 percent. SI Appendix A. Scope and Method o f Survey S cop e o f S u rvey T h e s u r v e y in c lu d e d e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g m e n ’ s and b o y s 1 w o r k s h ir t s , p a n ts , and o th e r w o r k c lo t h in g and w a s h a b le s e r v i c e a p p a r e l (in d u s tr y 2328 as d e fin e d in the 1967 e d it io n o f the S ta n d a rd In d u s tr ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l, p r e p a r e d b y the U .S . B u r e a u o f th e B u d g e t). S e p a r a te a u x ilia r y u n its , s u c h a s c e n t r a l o f f i c e s , w e r e e x c lu d e d . T h e e s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d w e r e s e l e c t e d f r o m t h o s e e m p lo y in g 20 w o r k e r s at th e t im e o f r e f e r e n c e o f the d ata u s e d in c o m p ilin g the u n iv e r s e l i s t s . or m ore T h e n u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s and w o r k e r s a c tu a lly stu d ie d b y the B u r e a u , a s w e l l as th e n u m b e r e s t im a t e d to b e w ith in s c o p e o f the s u r v e y d u r in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d s tu d ie d , a r e sh ow n in th e fo llo w in g t a b le : Estimated Number of Establishments and Workers Within Scope of Survey and Number Studied, Work Clothing, February 1968 Number of establishments2 Workers in establishments Within scope of study Region * and State Studied Within scope of study Studied United States4 -------------------------- 382 209 67,453 62.775 2. 138 46,562 Middle Atlantic--------------------------------Pennsylvania--------------------------------Border States-------------------------------------Kentucky-------------------------------------Virginia---------------------------------------Southeast------------------------------------------A labam a-------------------------------------G eorgia---------------------------------------Mississippi-----------------------------------North Carolina-----------------------------Tennessee-----------------------------------Southwest-----------------------------------------T exas------------------------------------------Great L akes-------------------------------------Indiana ---------------------------------------Middle West-------------------------------------Missouri -------------------------------------P a c if ic --------------------------------------------California------------------------------------- 31 18 51 26 14 124 14 31 25 12 34 69 44 41 13 41 28 15 12 12 9 32 18 10 70 11 16 16 7 18 31 20 24 12 23 18 12 9 2,368 1,742 9,556 5,108 3,613 24,216 3,209 4,926 5,167 1,704 8,720 16, 804 11,232 4, 282 2,404 7, 048 5,224 2,407 1,785 2, 078 1,608 9, 003 4,785 3,450 23,011 3, 038 4, 618 4, 937 1,616 8,334 15, 393 10, 207 3, 846 2, 163 6, 554 4, 921 2, 225 1, 685 153 54 214 18 78 549 71 159 70 59 186 661 500 204 120 224 99 88 34 1,423 1,149 7,674 4, 206 3,107 17,672 2, 992 3,186 4,085 1,314 5,896 9, 139 6, 535 3,226 2,339 4, 473 3,717 2,347 1,725 Nonsupervisory Total 3 Production workers Office workers Total 1 The regions used in this study included: Middle Atlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Border States—Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia; Southeast—Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; Southwest—Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; Great Lakes—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; Middle West—Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; and Pacific--California. Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. 2 Includes only establishments with 20 workers or more at the time of reference of the universe data. 3 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded form the production and office worker categories shown separately. 4 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the study. 38 40 M a jo r P r o d u c t B r a n c h e s T h e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y m a j o r p r o d u c t b r a n c h w a s d e t e r m in e d o n the b a s is o f th e p r in c ip a l ty p e o f w o r k c lo t h in g m a n u fa c t u r e d . F o r e x a m p le , i f the v a lu e o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o d u c t w a s 40 p e r c e n t w o r k p a n ts , 20 p e r c e n t d u n g a r e e s , 10 p e r c e n t w o r k s h ir t s , and 30 p e r c e n t s p o r t s h ir t s , a ll w o r k e r s in th at e s t a b lis h m e n t w e r e in c lu d e d in the w o r k p a n ts b r a n c h . M e th o d o f Study D ata w e r e o b ta in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f i e l d s t a ff u n d e r th e d ir e c t i o n o f the B u r e a u s A s s is t a n t R e g io n a l D i r e c t o r s f o r O p e r a t io n s . T h e s u r v e y w a s c o n d u c t e d o n a s a m p le b a s i s . T o o b ta in a p p r o p r ia t e a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t io n o f l a r g e r a t h e r than s m a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s w a s s tu d ie d . In c o m b in in g the d a ta , h o w e v e r , a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w e r e g iv e n t h e ir a p p r o p r ia t e w e ig h t. A l l e s t im a t e s a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e la t in g to a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s in the in d u s tr y , e x c lu d in g o n ly t h o s e b e lo w th e m in im u m s i z e at the tim e o f r e f e r e n c e o f the u n iv e r s e d a ta . E s t a b lis h m e n t D e fin it io n A n e s t a b lis h m e n t , f o r p u r p o s e s o f th is stu d y , i s d e fin e d a s a s in g le p h y s ic a l lo c a t io n w h e r e in d u s t r ia l o p e r a t i o n s a r e p e r f o r m e d . A n e s t a b lis h m e n t is n o t n e c e s s a r i l y id e n t ic a l w ith th e c o m p a n y , w h ic h m a y c o n s i s t o f o n e o r m o r e e s t a b lis h m e n t s . T h e t e r m s " e s t a b l i s h m e n t " and " p la n t " h a v e b e e n u s e d in t e r c h a n g e a b ly in th is r e p o r t . E m p lo y m e n t T h e e s t im a t e s o f th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f the stu d y a r e in te n d e d a s a g e n e r a l g u id e to the s i z e an d c o m p o s i t io n o f th e la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y . The a d v a n c e p la n n in g n e c e s s a r y to m a k e a w a g e s u r v e y r e q u i r e s the u s e o f l i s t s o f e s t a b l i s h m e n ts a s s e m b l e d c o n s id e r a b ly in a d v a n c e o f the p a y r o l l p e r i o d s tu d ie d . P r o d u c t io n W o r k e r s T h e t e r m " p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s , " a s u s e d in th is b u lle tin , in c lu d e s w o r k in g f o r e m e n an d a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s e n g a g e d in n o n o f fic e fu n c t io n s . A d m in is t r a t iv e , e x e c u t iv e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and t e c h n ic a l p e r s o n n e l , and f o r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s t r u c t i o n e m p l o y e e s w h o w e r e u t il iz e d a s a s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e o n the f i r m f s o w n p r o p e r t i e s , w e r e e x c lu d e d . O f f ic e W o r k e r s T h e t e r m " o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " a s u s e d in th is b u lle tin , in c lu d e s a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y o f f i c e w o r k e r s and e x c lu d e s a d m in is t r a t iv e , e x e c u t iv e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , an d t e c h n ic a l e m p l o y e e s . O c c u p a t io n s S e le c t e d f o r Study O c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w a s b a s e d o n a u n ifo r m s e t o f j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s ig n e d to ta k e a c c o u n t o f in t e r e s t a b lis h m e n t an d in t e r a r e a v a r ia t io n s in d u tie s w ith in th e s a m e j o b . (S ee a p p e n d ix B f o r t h e s e jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s . ) T h e o c c u p a t io n s w e r e c h o s e n f o r t h e ir n u m e r c ia l im p o r t a n c e , t h e ir u s e fu ln e s s in c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g , o r t h e ir r e p r e s e n t a t i v e n e s s o f the e n t ir e j o b s c a le in th e in d u s tr y . W o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s , a p p r e n t ic e s , l e a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s , t r a i n e e s , h a n d ic a p p e d , p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , and p r o b a t io n a r y w o r k e r s w e r e n o t r e p o r t e d in th e d a ta f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s , b u t w e r e in c lu d e d in th e d ata f o r a ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s . W a g e D ata T h e w a g e in fo r m a t io n r e la t e s to a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , e x c lu d in g p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , an d la te s h ift s . In c e n tiv e p a y m e n ts , s u c h a s th o s e r e s u lt in g f r o m p i e c e w o r k o r p r o d u c t io n b o n u s s y s t e m s an d c o s t o f - l i v i n g b o n u s e s , w e r e in c lu d e d a s p a r t o f the w o r k e r s * r e g u la r p a y ; b u t n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s p a y m e n ts , s u c h a s C h r is t m a s o r y e a r e n d b o n u s e s , w e r e e x c lu d e d . 41 A v e r a g e (m e a n ) h o u r ly r a t e s o r e a r n in g s f o r e a c h o c c u p a t io n o r o th e r g r o u p o f w o r k e r s , s u c h a s m e n , w o m e n , o r p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s w e r e c a lc u la t e d b y w e ig h tin g e a c h r a te (o r h o u r ly e a r n in g s ) b y the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g the r a t e , to t a lin g , and d iv id in g b y the n u m b e r o f in d iv id u a ls . T h e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f s a la r i e d w o r k e r s w e r e o b ta in e d b y d iv id in g t h e ir s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a la r y b y n o r m a l r a t h e r than a c tu a l h o u r s . S iz e o f C o m m u n ity T a b u la tio n s b y s iz e o f c o m m u n it y p e r t a in to m e t r o p o l it a n and n o n m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s . T h e t e r m ’ ’m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a , " a s u s e d in th is b u lle tin , r e f e r s to the S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s , a s d e fin e d b y th e U. S. B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t th r o u g h A p r i l 1967. E x c e p t in N ew E n g la n d , a S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a is d e fin e d a s a co u n ty o r g r o u p o f c o n tig u o u s c o u n t ie s w h ic h c o n ta in s at le a s t o n e c it y o f 50, 000 in h a b ita n ts o r m ore. C o n tig u o u s c o u n t ie s to th e o n e c o n ta in in g s u c h a c it y a r e in c lu d e d in a S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a i f , a c c o r d in g to c e r t a i n c r i t e r i a , th e y a r e e s s e n t i a lly m e t r o p o lit a n in c h a r a c t e r and a r e s o c i a l l y and e c o n o m i c a l l y in t e g r a t e d w ith the c e n t r a l c it y . In N ew E n g la n d , w h e r e the c it y and to w n a r e a d m in is t r a t iv e ly m o r e im p o r ta n t than th e c o u n ty , th e y a r e th e u n its u s e d in d e fin in g S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s . L a b o r -M a n a g e m e n t A g r e e m e n t s S e p a r a te w a g e data a r e p r e s e n t e d , w h e r e p o s s i b l e , f o r e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith (1) a m a j o r i t y o f the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s , and (2) n o n e o r a m i n o r i t y o f th e p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s . M e th o d o f W a g e P a y m e n t T a b u la tio n s b y m e t h o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t r e la t e to th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s p a id u n d e r th e v a r io u s t im e an d in c e n t iv e w a g e s y s t e m s . F o r m a l r a te s t r u c t u r e s f o r t i m e - r a t e d w o r k e r s p r o v id e s in g le r a t e s o r a r a n g e o f r a t e s f o r in d iv id u a l j o b c a t e g o r i e s . In th e a b s e n c e o f a f o r m a l r a te s t r u c t u r e , p a y r a t e s a r e d e t e r m in e d p r i m a r i l y w ith r e f e r e n c e to th e q u a l i f i c a t io n s o f th e in d iv id u a l w o r k e r . A s in g le r a te s t r u c t u r e is o n e in w h ic h th e s a m e r a te is p a id to a ll e x p e r ie n c e d w o r k e r s in th e s a m e j o b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . L e a r n e r s , a p p r e n t ic e s , o r p r o b a t io n a r y w o r k e r s m a y b e p a id a c c o r d in g to r a te s c h e d u le s w h ic h s t a r t b e lo w th e s in g le r a te and p e r m i t th e w o r k e r s to a c h ie v e the fu ll jo b r a te o v e r a p e r i o d o f t i m e . In d iv id u a l e x p e r ie n c e d w o r k e r s m a y o c c a s i o n a l l y b e p a id a b o v e o r b e lo w the s in g le r a te f o r s p e c i a l r e a s o n s , but s u c h p a y m e n ts a r e r e g a r d e d a s e x c e p t io n s . R a n g e - o f - r a t e p la n s a r e th o s e in w h ic h the m in im u m a n d /o r m a x im u m r a t e s p a id e x p e r ie n c e d w o r k e r s f o r th e s a m e j o b a r e s p e c i f i e d . S p e c if i c r a t e s o f in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s w ith in the r a n g e m a y b e d e t e r m in e d b y m e r i t , le n g th o f s e r v i c e , o r a c o m b in a t io n o f v a r io u s c o n c e p t s o f m e r i t and le n g th o f s e r v i c e . In c e n t iv e w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d u n d e r p ie c e w o r k o r b o n u s p la n s . P i e c e w o r k is w o r k f o r w h ic h a p r e d e t e r m i n e d r a te is p a id f o r e a c h u nit o f ou tp u t. P r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s a r e b a s e d o n p r o d u c t io n in e x c e s s o f a q u o ta o r f o r c o m p le t io n o f a j o b in l e s s than s ta n d a r d t im e . S c h e d u le d W e e k ly H o u r s D ata on w e e k ly h o u r s r e f e r to the p r e d o m in a n t w o r k s c h e d u le f o r f u l l - t i m e p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ( o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s ) e m p lo y e d on the d ay s h ift . S u p p le m e n ta r y W a g e P r o v i s i o n s S u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fit s w e r e t r e a t e d s t a t is t i c a lly o n the b a s is that i f f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fit s w e r e a p p lic a b le to o n e - h a lf o r m o r e o f the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s (o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s ) in an e s t a b lis h m e n t , the b e n e fit s w e r e c o n s id e r e d a p p lic a b le to a ll s u ch w ork ers. S im i la r l y , if f e w e r than o n e - h a l f o f the w o r k e r s w e r e c o v e r e d , th e b e n e fit w a s c o n s i d e r e d n o n e x is t e n t in th e e s t a b lis h m e n t . B e c a u s e o f l e n g t h - o f - s e r v i c e and o t h e r e l i g i b ilit y r e q u ir e m e n t s , the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g the b e n e fit s m a y b e s m a l le r th an e s t im a t e d . P a id H o l id a y s . v id e d a n n u a lly . P a id h o lid a y p r o v i s i o n s r e la t e to f u l l - d a y and h a lf - d a y h o lid a y s p r o 42 P a id V a c a t io n s . T h e s u m m a r ie s o f v a c a t io n p la n s a r e lim it e d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s , e x c lu d in g i n f o r m a l p la n s w h e r e b y tim e o f f w ith p a y is g r a n te d at the d i s c r e t i o n o f the e m p lo y e r o r th e s u p e r v i s o r . P a y m e n ts n ot o n a tim e b a s is w e r e c o n v e r t e d ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n in g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d the e q u iv a le n t o f 1 w e e k * s p a y . T h e p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e f o r w h ic h d a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d w e r e s e l e c t e d a s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f the m o s t c o m m o n p r a c t i c e s , but th e y do n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t p r o v is i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n . F o r e x a m p le , th e c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t io n s in d ic a t e d at 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e m a y in c lu d e c h a n g e s w h ic h o c c u r r e d b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . H e a lth , I n s u r a n c e , and R e t ir e m e n t P la n s . D a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and r e t i r e m e n t p la n s f o r w h ic h a ll o r p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y th e e m p l o y e r , e x c lu d in g o n ly p r o g r a m s r e q u ir e d b y la w , s u c h a s w o r k m e n ’ s c o m p e n s a t io n and s o c i a l s e c u r it y . A m o n g th e p la n s in c lu d e d a r e th o s e u n d e r w r itt e n b y a c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n y , and th o s e p a id d i r e c t l y b y the e m p l o y e r f r o m h is c u r r e n t o p e r a t in g fu n d s o r f r o m a fu n d s e t a s id e f o r th is p u r p o s e . D ea th b e n e fit s a r e in c lu d e d a s a f o r m o f li f e in s u r a n c e . S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e is li m it e d to th at ty p e o f in s u r a n c e u n d e r w h ic h p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a s h p a y m e n ts a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y to the in s u r e d o n a w e e k ly o r m o n th ly b a s is d u r in g il l n e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ilit y . I n fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll s u c h p la n s to w h ic h th e e m p l o y e r c o n t r ib u t e s at le a s t a p a r t o f th e c o s t . H o w e v e r , in N ew J e r s e y and N ew Y o r k , w h e r e t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e la w s r e q u ir e e m p l o y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s , 10 p la n s a r e in c lu d e d o n ly i f the e m p l o y e r ( l ) c o n t r ib u t e s m o r e than is le g a l ly r e q u ir e d , o r (2) p r o v id e s th e e m p l o y e e s w ith b e n e fit s w h ic h e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n t s o f th e la w . T a b u la tio n s o f p a id s i c k le a v e p la n s a r e li m it e d to f o r m a l p la n s w h ic h p r o v id e fu ll p ay o r a p r o p o r t io n o f the w o r k e r * s p a y d u r in g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s ; in f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s h a v e b e e n o m it t e d . S e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to ( l ) p la n s w h ic h p r o v id e fu ll p a y and no w a itin g p e r io d , and (2) p la n s p r o v id in g e it h e r p a r t i a l p a y o r a w a itin g p e r i o d . M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m p l e t e o r p a r t ia l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s * f e e s . T h e s e p la n s m a y b e u n d e r w r itt e n b y a c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n y o r a n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a t io n , o r th e y m a y b e s e l f - i n s u r e d . C a t a s t r o p h e in s u r a n c e , s o m e t im e s r e f e r r e d to a s e x te n d e d m e d i c a l in s u r a n c e , in c lu d e s p la n s d e s ig n e d to c o v e r e m p l o y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s o r in ju r y in v o lv in g an e x p e n s e w h ic h g o e s b e y o n d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p it a liz a t io n , m e d i c a l, and s u r g i c a l p la n s . T a b u la tio n s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n s a r e li m it e d to p la n s w h ic h p r o v id e , u p on r e t i r e m e n t , r e g u la r p a y m e n ts f o r th e r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r * s l i f e . D a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly f o r lu m p - s u m r e t i r e m e n t p a y (o n e p a y m e n t o r a s p e c i f i e d n u m b e r o v e r a p e r i o d o f t im e ) m a d e to e m p l o y e e s u p o n r e t i r e m e n t . E s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g b o th lu m p - s u m p a y m e n ts and p e n s io n s to e m p l o y e e s u p o n r e t i r e m e n t w e r e c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g b o th r e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n and lu m p - s u m r e t i r e m e n t p a y . E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g o p t io n a l p la n s p r o v id in g e m p l o y e e s a c h o ic e o f e it h e r lu m p - s u m r e t i r e m e n t p a y m e n ts o r p e n s io n s w e r e c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g o n ly r e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n b e n e fit s . P a id F u n e r a l and J u r y D u ty L e a v e . D a ta f o r p a id fu n e r a l and j u r y duty le a v e a r e lim it e d to f o r m a l p la n s w h ic h p r o v id e at le a s t p a r t ia l p a y m e n t f o r t im e l o s t a s a r e s u lt o f a tten d in g fu n e r a ls o f s p e c i f i e d f a m ily m e m b e r s o± s e r v in g a s a j u r o r . S everan ce P a y . D a ta p e r m a n e n t ly s e p a r a t e d f r o m r e la t e to f o r m a l p la n s p r o v id in g f o r p a y m e n ts th e c o m p a n y th r o u g h no fa u lt o f t h e ir o w n . to e m p lo y e e s 10 The temporary disability insurance laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The p rim a ry purpose of preparing job descrip tion s fo r the B ureau’ s wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in cla ssify in g into appropriate occupations w ork ers who are em ployed under a v a riety of p ay roll titles and different w ork arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area. This perm its the grouping of o c c u pational wage rates representing com parable job content. B ecause of this em phasis on interestablishm ent and inter area com parab ility of occupational content, the B ureau’ s job descrip tion s m ay differ significantly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared for other pu rp oses. In applying these job d escrip tion s, the B ureau’ s field staff is instructed to exclude working su p erv isors, appren tices, le a rn e rs, begin n ers, train ees, handicapped, p a rt-tim e, tem porary, and probationary w ork ers. Plant Jobs ASSEMBLER (Garment bundle r, as so rte r) Gathers garm ent parts after they are cut and assem bles or groups them into bundles or batches for distribution to sewing units. May m atch p ieces by c o lo r, siz e , and design and place an identifying ticket or number in each bundle or on each p iece. W ork ers, a s sem bling cloth b efore it is cut, and fo ld e rs , assem bling com pleted p ieces at the end of the production p r o c e s s b efore packaging, are excluded. CUTTER, MACHINE O perates or guides the m oving knife or blade of a pow ered cutting machine along a pattern outline to cut out a rticle s from single or m ultiple layers or fa b ric. In addition, m ay spread or lay up la yers of cloth, or m ay arrange pattern on m aterial and outline with chalk. FOLDER, GARMENT F olds com pleted garm ents fo r shipment either by hand or by a folding m achine. May fold garm ents around cardboard form s or in sert tissue paper between fold s; and m ay also pin folds in garm ents. F or wage su rvey p u rp o se s, garm ent fold ers are c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : F old er, F old er, F old er, garm ent, garm ent, garm ent, hand m achine hand and m achine GARMENT REPAIRMAN (M atch-up g ir l, m ender) O perates sewing m achine to repair dam aged or defective garm ents. Exam ines repair tags and m atchings on garm ents to locate defects or dam age, such as irreg u la r stitches and torn or snagged parts. Cuts and pulls seam threads to rem ove defective or dam aged parts, using s c is s o r s or knife. Joins replacem ent parts to finished garm ents or resew s d e fe c tive seam s. 43 4 4 INSPECTOR, FINAL, P rim a rily resp on sib le fo r in spection of com pleted garm ents p r io r to pressin g o r ship ping but also may trim threads incidental to inspection operation. W ork involves p rim a rily whether the garm ents con form to shop standards o f quality and m arking defects such as dropped stitch es, bad seam s, etc. JANITOR (Sw eeper, charwoman, ja n itress) Cleans and keeps in an o rd e rly condition fa ctory working areas and w ash room s, or p re m ise s o f an o ffic e , apartm ent house, o r co m m e rcia l or other establishm ent. Duties volve a com bination o f the follow in g : Sweeping, mopping o r scrubbing, and polishing flo o r s ; rem oving chips, trash, and other refu se; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtu res; polishing m etal fixtu res o r trim m in gs; providing supplies and m inor maintenance s e r v ice s ; and cleaning la v a to rie s, sh ow ers, and re s tr o o m s . W ork ers sp ecializin g in window washing are excluded. MARKER A rra n ges garm ent patterns on cloth in such a manner as to m inim ize waste when m a teria l is cut. W ork includes tracing outline o f pattern on m aterial with chalk, soap, o r crayon , and m arking design num ber and size within outline. May arrange pattern on paper to produ ce m ark er which serv es as a cutting outline. W ork ers engaged in sim ple tracing (tra cers) around patterns laid out on the m aterial by oth ers and those who lay out patterns a ccordin g to p rep ared diagram s are excluded. PRESSER, FINISH (O ff-p r e s s e r , o v e r p r e s s e r , top p re s se r) P e r fo r m s final p ressin g operation s on garm ents o r garm ent parts by m eans of a hand p ressin g iro n a n d /o r pow ered p r e s s , m angle, or pow er p re s s equipped with steam je ts . F o r wage study p u rp oses, p r e s s e r s are cla ssifie d by type of p ressin g equipment, as follo w s: P r e s s e r , finish, hand P r e s s e r , finish, m achine P r e s s e r , finish, hand and m achine W orkers are c la ssifie d as " p r e s s e r s , hand and m achine" when sizable p rop ortion s o f their w ork a re p e rfo rm e d by each o f the two m ethods. O therw ise, the predom inant type o f p ressin g is the determ ining fa cto r in cla ssifica tio n . REPAIRMAN, SEWING MACHINE Adjusts and repa irs sewing m achines used in the establishm ent. W ork involves m ost o f the follow in g : Examining m achines faulty in operation to diagnose sou rce o f trouble; d is mantling o r partly dism antling m ach in es, replacin g broken or w orn out parts o r perform in g other re p a irs, and reassem blin g m achines; adjusting m achines to function efficien tly by turning adjustment screw s and nuts; regulating length o f stroke o f needle, and horizontal m ovem ent feeding m echanism under needle; replacing o r repairing tran sm ission b elts; p r e paring sp ecifica tion s fo r m a jor rep a irs and initiating o rd e rs fo r replacem ent parts; and using a variety o f handtools in fitting and replacing parts. SEWING-MACHINE O PERATOR U ses a standard o r sp e cia l-p u rp o se sewing m achine to p e rfo rm the sewing operations requ ired in making parts o f garm ents, in joining various section s together, in attaching p rev iou sly com pleted parts to partially com pleted garm ents, o r in sewing on buttons or sewing button h o le s. May make a com plete garm ent. 4 5 SEWING -MACHINE O PERATO R— Continued F o r wage study pu rp oses, o p era tors are cla ssifie d a ccord in g to the prin cip al garm ent on which they w ork: Sew ing-m achine Sew ing-m achine Sew ing-m achine Sew ing-m achine Sew ing-m achine Sew ing-m achine o p era tor, op era tor, o p era tor, o p era tor, o p era tor, o p era tor, w ork shirts w ork pants o v e ra lls and industrial garm ents washable se rv ice apparel dungarees other Sew ing-m achine op era tors p rim a rily engaged in repairing garm ents are ex clu d ed from the cla ssifica tio n s listed above (see garment repairm an). SHIPPING CLERK P re p a re s m erchandise fo r shipment. Duties usually involve a knowledge o f shipping p ro ce d u re s and p r a c tic e s , routes, rates, and available means o f transportation. P rep a res re co rd s o f goods shipped, m akes up b ills of lading, and posts weight and shipping ch arg es. Keeps a file o f shipping r e c o r d s . May d irect o r a ssist in preparing m erchandise fo r shipment. SPREADER Spreads (lays-u p) m ultiple la y ers o f cloth sm oothly and evenly, one upon the other, on a cutting table by hand o r with the aid o f a spreading m achine. Cuts each ply to length fro m the bolt o f m a teria l. STOCK CLERK R e ce iv e s, s to re s , and issu e s equipment, m aterial, m erch an dise, o r tools in a stock room o r sto re ro o m . W ork in volves: Checking incom ing o rd er against item s as listed on re q u isi tions o r in v o ice s, and counting, grading, or weighing the a rticle s . Excluded are stock room la b o re rs and em ployees who supervise stock clerk s a n d la b o re rs. THREAD TRIMMER (C leaner) T rim s lo o se thread ends, basting threads, and seam edges of garm ents with s c is s o r s o r m achines p r io r to pressin g o r packing. W orkers w hose prim ary resp on sibility is the inspection o f garm ents but who also trim threads incidental to the inspection operation are to be c la ssifie d as in sp ector, final. UNDERPRESSER (F o r e p r e s s e r , parts p re s se r) U ses a hand iron , m achine iron , o r a pow ered p re s s to p ress garm ent parts, as pock ets, seam s, sh ou lders, etc. , during the fabricating p r o c e s s . such W orkers should be c la ssifie d accordin g to the type o f p ressin g equipment used: U n d e rp re ss e r, hand U n d erp resser, m achine WATCHMAN M akes round o f p re m ise s ille g a l entry. p e rio d ica lly to p rotect prop erty against fir e , theft, and WORK DISTRIBUTOR C a rrie s o r trucks garm ents in various stages o f com pletion to the w ork er who is to p e rfo rm the next operation on garm ent. May e x e rcise som e d iscretion in distribution o f w ork, but has no su p ervisory r e sp o n sib litie s. 46 O ffice Jobs CLERK, GENERAL. T yp ica lly p e rfo rm s a v a riety of o ffice operations, usually becau se of im pra ctica b ility of sp ecia liza tion in a sm all office or because v ersa tility is essen tial in m eeting peak r e quirem ents in la rg e r o ffic e s . The w ork gen erally involves the use of independent judgment in tending to a pattern of o ffice w ork from day to day, as w ell as knowledge relating to phases of o ffice w ork that occu r only occa sion a lly . F or exam ple, the range of operations p e rfo rm e d m ay entail all or som e com bination of the follow in g : Answ ering corresp on d en ce, preparing b ills and in v o ice s, posting to various r e c o r d s , preparing p a y rolls, filing, etc. M ay operate various o ffice m achines and type as the w ork req u ires. CLERK, PA Y R O LL Computes wages o f com pany em ployees and enters the n e ce ssa ry data on the p ay roll sh eets. Duties involve: C alculating w o rk e rs ' earnings based on time or production r e c o r d s ; and posting calculated data on p a y roll sheets, showing inform ation such as w o rk e rs ' nam e, w orking days, tim e, rate, deductions fo r insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paym aster in making up and distributing pay en velop es. May use a c a l culating m achine. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL P rim a ry duty is to take dictation, involving a norm al routine vocabu lary, from one or m ore person s either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ila r m achine; and tra n scrib e d ic tation. May also type from w ritten copy. May maintain file s , keep sim ple re co rd s or p e r form other rela tively routine c le r ic a l tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. D oes not include tran scrib in g-m a ch in e w ork. TYPIST Uses a typew riter to make copies o f various m aterial or to make out b ills after c a l culations have been made by another p erson . M ay include typing of ste n cils, m ats, or sim ila r m aterials fo r use in duplicating p r o c e s s e s . M ay do c le r ic a l w ork involving little sp ecia l training, such as keeping sim ple r e c o r d s , filing re co rd s and re p o rts, or sorting and distributing incom ing m ail. C lass A. P e rfo rm s one or m ore of the follow in g : Typing m aterial in final form when it involves com bining m aterial from sev era l sou rces o r resp on sib ility fo r c o r r e c t spellin g, syllab ication , punctuation, etc. , of technical or unusual w ords or foreign language m a teria l; and planning layout and typing of com p licated statistical tables to maintain uniform ity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circu m sta n ce s. C lass B. P e rfo rm s one of m ore o f the follow in g : Copy typing from rough or cle a r dra fts; routine typing o f fo r m s , insurance p o lic ie s , e t c .; and setting up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying m ore com p lex tables already set up and spaced p ro p e rly . I n d u s t r y W a g e S t u d ie s The m ost recent reports fo r industries included in the B ureau's p rog ram of industrywage surveys since January I960 are listed below . Those fo r which a p r ic e is shown are available from the Superintendent of D ocum ents, U. S0 G overnm ent Printing O ffice, W ashing ton, D. C. , 20402, or any of its region al sales o ffice s . Those fo r which a p r ic e is not shown m ay be obtained fre e as long as a supply is available, from the Bureau o f Labor Statistics, W ashington, D. C. , 20212, or from any of the regional o ffice s shown on the inside back co v e r. I. Occupational W age Studies Manufacturing B a sic Iron and Steel, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1602 (55 cents). Candy and Other C on fectionery P rod u cts, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1520 (30 cents). ^Canning and F reezin g , 1957. BLS R eport 136. C igar M anufacturing, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1581 (25 cents). C igarette M anufacturing, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1472 (20 cents). Cotton T e x tile s, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1506 (40 cents). D istilled L iq u ors, 1952. S eries 2, No. 88. Fabricated Structural Steel, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1463 (30 cents). F e r tiliz e r M anufacturing, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1531 (30 cents). F lour and Other Grain M ill P rod u cts, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1576 (25 cents). Fluid M ilk Industry, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1464 (30 cents). F ootw ear, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1503 (50 cents). H osiery, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1562 (70 cents). Industrial C h em icals, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1529 (40 cents). Iron and Steel F oundries, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1386 (40 cents). Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1378 (40 cents). M achinery M anufacturing, 1966. BLS Bulletin 15 63 (70 cents). Meat P rod u cts, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1415 (75 cents). M en's and Boys* Shirts (E xcept W ork Shirts) and N ightwear, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1457 (40 cents). M en's and B o y s' Suits and C oats, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1594 (75 cents). M iscellan eou s P la stics P rod u cts, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1439 (35 cents). M iscellan eou s T ex tiles, 1953. BLS R eport 56. M o t o r V e h ic le s and M o to r V e h ic le P a r t s , 1963. BLS B ulletin 1393 (45 cen ts). N onferrous F ou n dries, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1498 (40 cents). Paints and V arn ish es, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1524 (40 cents). Paperboard Containers and B ox es, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1478 (70 cents). P etroleu m Refining, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1526 (30 cents). P re ss e d or Blown G lass and G lassw a re, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1424 (30 cents). ^ P ro ce sse d W aste, 1957. BLS R eport 124. Pulp, P ap er, and P aperboard M ills, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1608 (60 cents). Radio, T elevision , and Related P r o d u c ts , 1951. Series 2, No. 84. R ailroad C a rs, 1952. Series 2, No. 86. *Raw Sugar, 1957. BLS Report 136. Southern Sawm ills and Planing M ills, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1519 (30 cents). Structural Clay P rod u cts, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1459 (45 cents). Synthetic F ib e r s, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1540 (30 cents). Synthetic T e x tile s, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1509 (40 cents). T extile Dyeing and Finishing, 1965—66. BLS Bulletin 1527 (45 cents). ^T obacco Stemm ing and R edrying, 1957. BLS R eport 136. * Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. I. Occupational W age Studies— Continued M anufacturing— C ont inu ed West Coast Saw m illing, 1964, BLS Bulletin 1455 (30 cents). W om en's and M isses* Coats and Suits, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1508 (25 cents). W om en's and M is s e s ' D r e s s e s , 1966. BLS Bulletin 1538 (30 cents). Wood Household F urniture, Except U pholstered, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1496 (40 cents). ♦Wooden C ontainers, 1957. BLS R eport 126. W ool T e x tile s, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1551 (45 cents). W ork Clothing, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1440 (35 cents). Nonmanufacturing Auto D ealer R epair Shops, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1452 (30 cents). Banking, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1466 (30 cents). Bituminous Coal M ining, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1583 (50 cents). C om m unications, 1967. BLS B ulletin 1615 (30 cents). C ontract Cleaning S e r v ic e s , 1965. BLS Bulletin 1507 (30 cents). Crude P etroleu m and Natural Gas P roduction, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1566 (30 cents). Departm ent and W om en’ s R ea d y -to-W ea r S tores, 1950. S eries 2, No. 78. Eating and Drinking P la c e s , 1966—67. BLS Bulletin 1588 (40 cents). E le ctric and Gas U tilities, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1374 (50 cents). H ospitals, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1553 (70 cents). Hotels and M otels, 1966—67. BLS Bulletin 1587 (40 cents). Laundry and Cleaning S e rv ice s, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1544 (60 cents). L ife Insurance, 1966. BLS B ulletin 1569 (30 cents). M otion P ictu re T h eaters, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1542 (35 cents). N ursing H om es and Related F a c ilitie s , 1965. BLS Bulletin 1492 (45 cents). II. Other Industry W age Studies F a cto ry W o rk e rs' Earnings— D istribution by S traigh t-T im e H ourly E arnings, 1968. BLS B ulletin 1252 (40 cen ts). F a cto ry W o rk e rs' Earnings— Selected Manufacturing Industries, 1959. BLS B ulletin 1275 (35 cents). E m ployee Earnings and Hours in N onm etropolitan A rea s of the South and N orth Central R egion s, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1552 (50 cents). E m ployee Earnings and Hours in Eight M etropolitan A rea s o f the South, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1533 (40 cen ts). E m ployee Earnings and Hours in R etail T rade, June 1966— Retail Trade (O verall Sum m ary). BLS Bulletin 1584 ($ 1 ). Building M a teria ls, H ardw are, and F arm Equipment D ea lers. BLS Bulletin 1584-1 (30 cen ts). G eneral M erchandise S tores. BLS Bulletin 1584-2 (55 cents). Food S tores. BLS Bulletin 1584-3 (60 cents). Autom otive D ealers and G asoline S erv ice Stations. BLS Bulletin 1584-4 (50 cents). A pparel and A c c e s s o r y S tores. BLS Bulletin 1584-5 (55 cents). Furniture, Home F urnishings, and Household A ppliance Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-6 (50 cents). M iscella n eou s Retail S tores. BLS Bulletin 1584-7 (65 cen ts). ♦ Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING O FFICE : 1969 O - 351-144 Region II Region I 341 Ninth Ave. 1603-B Federal Building New York, N .Y . 10001 Government Center Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212) Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6762 (Area Code 617) Region III 406 Penn Square Building 1317 Filbert St. Philadelphia, Pa. 19107 Phone: 597-7796 (Area Code 215) Region IV Suite 540 1371 Peachtree St. NE. Atlanta, Ga. 30309 Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404) Region VI Region V Federal O ffice Building 219 South Deaiborn St. 911 Walnut S t., 10th Floor Chicago, 111. 60604 Phone: 353-7230 (Area Code 312) Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816) Region VII 337 Mayflower Building 411 North Akard St. Dallas, Tex. 75201 Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214) Region VIII 450 Golden Gate Ave. Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S W ASH ING TO N , D .C . 20212 O F F I C I A L B U S I N E S S P O S T A G E AND FEES PAID U.S. D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R I THIRD CLASS MAIL I L —— —————— J
@FedFRASER