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INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Women’ s and Misses’ Dresses I M ARCH -APRIL 1963 B u l l e t i n No. 1 3 9 1 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREA U OF LABOR STA TIS TIC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner 'm BBS INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Women’s and Misses’ Dresses M A R CH -A PR IL 1963 Bulletin No. 1391 January 1964 UNITED STA TES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W . W illard W irtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewavi Clogue, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 30 cents Preface The results of a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of wages and supplementary p ractices in the w om en's and m is s e s 'd r e s s manufacturing industry in 12 important areas in M arch—A pril 1963 are sum m arized in this bulletin. Separate re le a se s for each area, issued within a few months after the payroll period studied, m ay be obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D. C. , 20210, or from any of its regional offices. Other industry wage survey reports available, as w ell as the addresses of the Bureau's six regional o ffices, are listed at the end of this bulletin. This bulletin was prepared by F red W. Mohr in the Bureau's D ivision of Occupational Pay, under the gen eral direction of L. R. Linsenm ayer, Assistant C om m is sioner for Wages and Industrial Relations. F ield w ork for the survey was directed by the A ssistant Regional D irectors for Wages and Industrial Relations. iii Contents P age Industry c h a r a c t e r is t i c s -------------A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s_________ O ccu p a tion a l ea rn in gs , E sta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s . S ch ed u led w e e k ly h ou rs , P a id h o lid a y s ___ H ealth, w e lfa r e , and v a ca tio n b e n efits S u p plem en tary u n em ploym en t b e n efit s T e m p o r a r y d is a b ility b e n e fits -_________ R e tire m e n t p la n s________________________ 1 1 2 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 T a b le s: E a rn in gs d istrib u tio n s: 1. A ll p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s ------2. W om en p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s . 3. M en p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s ___ A v e r a g e h o u rly e a rn in g s: 4. 10 S e le cte d o ccu p a tio n s. O ccu p a tion a l e a rn in g s: 5. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 B o s t o n _________ 6 . C h ic a g o ________ 7. 8. 9. C le v e la n d _____ D a lla s __________ F a ll R iv e r and New B e d fo r d ____ 10 . L o s A n g e le s —Long B e a ch -______ 11 . N ew ark and J e r s e y C it y -----------1 2 . New Y o rk C ity— a ll sh o p s______ 13. New Y o rk C ity— re g u la r s h o p s 14. New Y o rk C ity— co n tra ct shops 15. P a te r son—C lifton —P a s s a ic ---------16. 21 22 23 24 17 . 18. W ilk e s -B a r r e -H a z le t o n _________ E sta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en tary w age p r o v is io n s : 19. S ch ed u led w e e k ly h o u r s ------------------------------------------------------ 21. 22. H ealth, w elfa re,, and v a ca tion b e n e fits ------- -------------------R e tire m e n t p la n s ---------------------------------------------------------------- 25 25 26 27 A p p en d ixes: A. B. S cope and m eth od o f su r v e y — O ccu pa tion a l d e s c r ip t io n s ------ 29 31 v Industry W age Survey---- Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, March—April 1963 S u m m a ry A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly earn in gs of p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in the w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' d r e s s m an u factu rin g in d u stry ran ged fr o m $2.49 in New Y o rk C ity to $ 1 .5 0 in D a lla s, am ong the 12 la b o r m a rk et a re a s su rv e y e d by the B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tistics in M a rch —A p r il 1 963.1 Individual ea rn in gs in e a ch a r e a w e r e w id e ly d is p e r s e d , r e fle ctin g such in d u stry c h a r a c t e r is t ic s as the e x te n siv e u se o f in cen tiv e w age sy ste m s and d if fe r e n c e s in types o f w ork . Sew ing m a ch in e o p e r a to r s a ccou n ted fo r slig h tly m o r e than o n e -h a lf of the w o rk f o r c e . S in g le h a n d -sy ste m o p e r a to r s ty p ica lly had h igh er earn in gs than s e c t io n - s y s t e m o p e r a to r s . C u tters and m a r k e r s , and p r e s s e r s w e re u su ally am ong the h igh est paid o ccu p a tio n a l g rou p s studied; th read tr im m e r s w e re g en e r a lly the lo w e st paid w o r k e r s . A p p r o x im a te ly n in e-ten th s o f the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by the study w e r e in shops w h ich had a g re e m e n ts w ith the International L a d ie s ' G arm ent W o r k e r s ' Union. T h e se a g re e m e n ts in clu d ed p r o v is io n s fo r paid v a ca tio n s , paid h o lid a y s, v a rio u s types of health and w e lfa r e b e n e fits, and r e tir e m e n t p en sion s. Industry C h a r a c t e r is t ic s The 12 a r e a s stu died e m p lo y ed an estim a te d total of 93, 000 p ro d u ction w o r k e r s w ithin sc o p e o f the su rv e y in M a rch —A p r il 1963. N e a rly th r e e -fifth s of th ese w o r k e r s w e r e in New Y o rk C ity; em p loy m en t in the oth er a re a s v a r ie d fr o m le s s than 1,000 in C levela n d to slig h tly m o r e than 7,000 in W ilk e s -B a r r e —H azleton. The total n um ber of p ro d u ctio n w o r k e rs in the in du stry in the 12 a re a s com b in ed w as a p p ro x im a te ly the sa m e as in A ugust I960, the date o f the B u re a u 's e a r lie r study o f the in d u stry .2 A m on g the individual a r e a s , h o w e v e r, th ere w e r e d iffe r e n c e s ; em p loy m en t had in c r e a s e d in sev en a r e a s , e s p e c ia lly in P h ila d elp h ia , N ew ark and J e r s e y C ity, and D a lla s, but in the rem a in in g a re a s w as about the sam e o r slig h tly le s s than at the tim e o f the p re v io u s su rv ey . E sta b lish m e n ts w ith fe w e r than 50 w o r k e r s a ccou n ted fo r a lm o st half of the e m p loy m en t in the 12 a r e a s ; a m a jo r ity of the w o r k e r s in N ew ark and J e r s e y C ity, New Y o rk C ity, and P a te r s o n —C lifton —P a s s a ic w e r e in this e s ta b lish m e n t-s iz e grou p. O n e -fifth o f the w o r k e r s w e r e in esta b lish m en ts em p loy in g 100 or m o r e w o r k e r s ; th ese e sta b lish m e n ts a ccou n ted fo r a m a jo r ity of the w o r k e r s in C le v e land, D a lla s, F a ll R iv e r and New B e d fo rd , and St. L ou is. D r e s s e s a re m a n u fa ctu red in th ree types o f sh op s— re g u la r or " in s id e " shops,, w h ich own the m a te r ia ls and p e r fo r m a ll or m o s t o f the m anufacturing o p e ra tio n s; c o n tra ct sh op s, w h ich p r o c e s s m a te ria ls owned (and fre q u e n tly cut) study. 1 See appendix A for scope and method o f survey; also for definition of production woikers, as used in this For definition o f areas and the payroll period studied in the respective areas, see table in appendix A. 2 See Wage Structure: W omen's and Misses' Dresses, August 1960 (BLS Report 193, 1961). 1 2 b y o th e r s ; and jo b b in g sh op s, w h ich co n tra ct out m o s t m an u factu rin g op era tion s but m a y p e r fo r m su ch fu n ction s as cutting, fin ish in g , pack in g, and sh ip p in g .3 C on tra ct sh ops a ccou n ted fo r tw o -th ird s of the w o r k e r s in New Y o rk C ity and n in e-ten th s or m o r e in F a ll R iv e r and New B e d fo rd , N ew ark and J e r s e y C ity, P a te r s o n —C lifton —P a s s a ic , and W ilk e s -B a r r e —H azleton. R eg u la r shops em p lo y e d a m a jo r it y o f the w o r k e r s in ea ch of the other a re a s . Sew ing m a ch in e o p e r a to r s accou n ted fo r a p p ro x im a te ly h alf of the p r o du ction w o r k e r s in se v e n a r e a s ; in F a ll R iv e r and New B e d fo rd , N ew ark and J e r s e y C ity, P a te r son—C lifton —P a s s a ic , P h ila d elp h ia , and W ilk e s -B a r r e —H azleton a p p ro x im a te ly th r e e -fift h s w e r e em p loy ed in this occu p a tion . Sewing s y ste m s a re o f tw o ty p e s— the singlehand or ta ilo r s y ste m , in w h ich an in dividual p e r fo r m s a ll o r m o s t of the sew in g m a ch in e op era tion s in v olv ed in m aking a co m p le te g a rm en t; and the s e c tio n sy ste m , w h ere an o p e r a t o r 's sew ing is lim ite d to a s p e c ific p a rt or p a rts o f a garm en t. S in g le h a n d -sy ste m o p e r a to r s a ccou n ted fo r n in e-ten th s o f a ll sew in g m a ch in e o p e r a to r s w ithin s co p e of the study in New Y ork C ity, s lig h tly m o r e than eight-tenths in L os A n g e le s —L ong B ea ch and a p p ro x im a te ly se v e n -te n th s in B o sto n and P a te r s o n —C lifton—P a s s a ic . In ea ch o f the oth er a r e a s , s e c t io n -s y s t e m o p e r a to r s w e r e pred om in an t. A p p r o x im a te ly t h r e e -fo u r th s o f the w o r k e r s in the d r e s s m an u factu rin g in d u stry in New Y o rk C ity w e r e w om en ; in the oth er a re a s studied, the p r o p o r tio n s ra n ged fr o m fiv e -s ix t h s in B o sto n to m o r e than n in e-ten th s in s ix a re a s . M en w e r e u su a lly e m p lo y e d as cu tte rs and m a r k e r s , as p r e s s e r s , and in the cu sto d ia l and m ain ten an ce jo b s . The sew ing o p e ra tio n s, th read trim m in g , and in sp e ctio n w e r e la r g e ly p e r fo r m e d b y w om en . In ce n tiv e -p a id w o r k e r s (n ea rly alw ays individual p ie ce w o rk ) a ccou n ted fo r a lm o st tw o -th ir d s of the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e rs in the 12 a re a s com b in ed . The p r o p o r tio n o f w o r k e r s paid on this b a s is v a r ie d fr o m slig h tly m o r e than o n e -h a lf in B o sto n to fo u r -fift h s in P a te r son—C lifton —P a s s a ic ; in m o s t a re a s the p r o p o r tio n s w e r e w ithin a range o f six -te n th s to se v en -ten th s. A m ong the occu p a tio n s fo r w h ich se p a ra te data a re shown, in cen tiv e pay w as the pred om in an t m eth od of w age paym ent fo r sew in g m ach in e o p e r a to r s in all a r e a s , and fo r hand s e w e rs and p r e s s e r s in a ll but a few . C u tters and m a r k e r s , fin al in s p e c to r s , th read tr im m e r s , and w o rk d is tr ib u to r s w e r e u su a lly paid on a t im e -r a te b a s is in n e a rly a ll a re a s. C o lle c tiv e ba rga in in g a g reem en ts w ith the International L a d ie s ' G arm ent W o r k e r s ' Union w e r e in e ffe c t in shops em p loy in g a p p ro x im a te ly n in e-ten th s of the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s . T h ese co n tra cts w e re in e ffe c t in e sta b lish m en ts e m p loy in g m o r e than fo u r -fift h s o f the w o r k e r s in each a re a e x cep t D alla s and L os A n g e le s —Long B ea ch , w h ere the p ro p o rtio n s w e r e about on e-ten th . A v e ra g e H ou rly E arn in gs A v e r a g e h o u rly ea rn in gs w e r e h igh est in New Y ork C ity ($2.49) and e x ce e d e d $2 in fou r addition al a r e a s — B oston , L os A n g e le s—Long B ea ch , N ew ark and J e r s e y C ity, and P a te r son—C lifton —P a s s a ic (table 1). E arn in gs a v e ra g e d $1.50 an hour in D a lla s, $ 1 .5 4 in C levela n d , and ran ged fr o m $ 1 .73 to $1.96 in the rem a in in g fiv e a r e a s .4 3 In tables 1 to 4 and 13, jobbing shops were included in the data shown for regular shops in New York City. 4 A t the time of the Bureau’ s previous study, August 1960, average hourly earnings in the 12 areas ranged from $2.48 in New York City to $1.39 in Dallas. See Wage Structure: W omen’ s and Misses’ Dresses, August 1960 (BLS Report 193, 1961), p. 7. 3 V a ria tio n s in a re a w age a v e ra g e s fo r p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s w e r e p a rtly due to d iffe r e n c e s in m a n u fa ctu rin g m eth ods and p r o c e s s e s . F o r e x a m p le, in 4 o f the 5 a re a s w ith a v e ra g e ea rn in gs o v e r $2 an hou r, a la r g e m a jo r ity of the w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d in shops usin g the singlehand (ta ilo r) s y s te m of s e w in g ;5 the s e c tio n sy s te m w as p red om in an t in both D alla s and C levela n d , the a re a s w ith lo w e s t a v e ra g e ea rn in gs. E a rn in gs o f in dividu al w o r k e r s w e r e w id e ly d is p e r s e d in ea ch a re a , due at le a s t p a r tia lly to the e x te n siv e u se o f in cen tiv e w age s y s te m s . A s in d ica ted in the fo llo w in g su m m a ry of table 1, the p ro p o rtio n s at d iffe re n t earn in gs le v e ls d iffe r e d am ong the a r e a s. F o r e x a m p le, 26 p e rce n t of the w o r k e r s in New Y ork C ity r e c e iv e d $3 o r m o r e an hour and le s s than 3 p e rce n t r e c e iv e d under $1 .2 5 , w h e re a s in C levela n d and D a lla s the p ro p o rtio n s w e re a lm o st the r e v e r s e . Percent o f workers receiving hourly earnings of— Area Boston-----------------------------------------------------C h ica go--------------------------------------------------C le v e la n d ----------------------------------------------Dallas------------------------------------------------------Fall River *n d New B edford--------------------Los Angeles-Long B ea ch -------------------------Newark and Jersey C ity --------------- ----------New York C it y ---------------------------------------Patersoir-CliftoiHPassaic-------------------------------Philadelphia------------------------------------------------St. L ou is------------------------------------------------W ilke s-Barre-Hazle ton------------------------------ Under $1.25 7.1 4 .4 20 .0 2 2 .4 4 .7 8 .3 6 .2 2 .3 1.3 3 .9 3 .3 7 .2 NOTE: Because o f rounding, sums o f individual il $1.25 and under $1.50 21.8 2 2 .7 39.6 37.6 32 .6 17.3 22.9 11.7 10.9 2 8 .0 23.8 37.2 $1.50 $2.00 $2.50 - - _ $2.00 $2.50 $3.00 $3.00 and over 26 .6 36.3 28.2 29.3 36.8 3 2 .4 29.6 2 5 .0 28.8 33.0 39.9 32 .4 19.2 19.4 6 .7 8 .4 16.7 18.5 17.6 19.2 24.3 17.0 18.5 15.6 12.4 8 .9 4 .7 1.8 6 .6 12.0 10.5 15.6 18.8 9 .6 9 .8 4 .9 12.7 8 .2 .9 .5 2 .7 11.4 13.2 2 6 .0 14.9 8 .5 5 .0 2 .9 may not equal 100 percent. W o m e n 's ea rn in gs in New Y o rk C ity a v e ra g e d $ 2 .2 4 an h ou r, co m p a re d w ith $3.27 fo r m en (ta b les 2 and 3). O n e -s ix th o f the w om en r e c e iv e d le s s than $1 .5 0 an hour and a lm o st the sam e p r o p o r tio n r e c e iv e d $3 or m o r e ; le s s than a tenth of the m en in New Y o rk C ity had earn in gs under $ 1 .5 0 an hour and th r e e -fifth s r e c e iv e d $3 o r m o r e . M e n 's ea rn in gs a ls o e x c e e d e d w o m e n 's e a r n ings in e a ch o f the oth er a r e a s. A s in d ica ted e a r lie r , m en and w om en ty p ic a lly w e r e e m p lo y e d in d iffe r e n t o ccu p a tio n s. In New Y o rk C ity, the on ly a r e a fo r w h ich data w e r e tabulated se p a ra te ly b y type o f shop, w o r k e r s in c o n tra ct shops a v e ra g e d $2.39 an hou r, c o m p a re d w ith $2.68 in re g u la r sh op s. At le a s t p a rt of this d iffe r e n c e w as due to the p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s in d iffe r e n t o ccu p a tion s. F o r ex a m p le , a lm o st 20 p e r c e n t of the w o r k e r s in r e g u la r sh ops w e re em p loy ed in the r e la tiv e ly high paid o c cupation o f cu tte rs and m a r k e r s , c o m p a re d w ith about 1 p e rce n t in co n tra ct sh op s. W age data w e r e a ls o tabulated se p a ra te ly in New Y o rk C ity a c c o r d in g to the p red om in a n t w h o le s a le p r ic e of the m an u factu red g a rm e n t.6 A s in d ica ted 5 Singlehand (tailor) system operators typically receive higher earnings, as they perform all or most o f the sewing operations required on a garment, whereas section-system operators sew a specific part (or parts) o f a garment. 6 A majority o f the workers in Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeies-Long Beach, New York City, and St. Louis were em ployed in shops primarily producing garments to sell wholesale at $12.75 or more; the proportions ranged from slightly more than half in Dallas to three-fourths in Los Angeles-Long Beach. Shops primarily manufacturing dresses to sell at $22.50 or more accounted for almost half o f the workers in Los Angeles-Long Beach and New York City and more than a third in Boston and Chicago. 4 in the fo llo w in g tabulation, sin g le h a n d -s y s te m sew ing m ach in e o p e r a to r s in shops m ak in g d r e s s e s to s e ll fo r $22.50 or m o r e a v e ra g e d 62 cen ts an hour h igh er than w o r k e r s in this o ccu p a tio n in shops w ith w h o le sa le p r ic e lin e s under $6.75. Predominant wholesale price o f dress Under $ 6 .7 5 ---------------------------------------------------$6 .75 and under $12.75---------------------------------$12.75 and under $ 2 2 .5 0 -------------------------------$22.50 and o v e r --------------------------------------------- Number of workers Average hourly earnings 1,892 7,676 3,468 11,290 $2.06 2.26 2.60 2.68 O ccu p a tion a l E arn in gs Sew ing m a ch in e o p e r a to r s , singlehand o r ta ilo r sy ste m , in New Y ork C ity, a v e ra g e d 29 cen ts an hour m o r e than s e c t io n -s y s t e m o p e r a to r s ($2.49 and $ 2 .2 0 ). In m o s t o f the oth er a re a s fo r w hich data a re shown in table 4 fo r both types of o p e r a t o r s , a v e ra g e h o u rly earn in gs of s in g le h a n d -sy ste m o p e r a to r s w e r e at le a s t 20 cen ts h igh er than the a v e ra g e fo r s e c t io n -s y s t e m o p e r a to r s . S in g le h a n d -sy ste m o p e r a to r s in r e g u la r (in side) shops in New Y o rk C ity a v e ra g e d $2.93 an hour c o m p a r e d w ith $ 2 .4 0 in co n tra ct shops. C u tters and m a r k e r s , p red om in a n tly m en paid on a tim e -r a t e b a s is , had the h igh est ea rn in gs am ong the occu p a tion s fo r w h ich data a re shown in m o s t a r e a s . T h e ir a v e ra g e ea rn in gs ran ged fr o m $2.07 an hour in D alla s to $3.51 in P a te r s o n —C lifton —P a s s a ic . T h read tr im m e r s , n e a r ly all of w hom w e r e w om en , had the lo w e s t a v e ra g e h o u rly ea rn in gs in 7 o f the 12 a r e a s , ranging fr o m $1.23 in D a lla s to $ 1.72 in St. L ou is. O ccu p a tion a l ea rn in gs le v e ls d iffe r e d am ong the shops studied. F o r e x a m p le, as in d ica ted in the fo llo w in g tabulation, esta b lish m en t a v e ra g e earn in gs o f w om en sin gleh an d sew in g m a ch in e o p e r a to r s in New Y o rk C ity ran g ed fr o m le s s than $ 1 .5 0 to m o r e than $3 .5 0 an h ou r. In th r e e -fo u r th s of the re g u la r shops con ta cted , w h ich had w o r k e r s in this occu p a tion , esta b lish m en t a v e ra g e s w e r e $ 2 .5 0 or m o r e an h ou r; a m a jo r ity o f the co n tra ct shops re p o rtin g this o c c u p a tion had esta b lish m e n t a v e ra g e s b elow $2.50. ■Number gf— Regular shops Contract shops $ 1 .5 0 .................... and under $ 2 .0 0 and under $ 2 .5 0 and under $ 3 .0 0 and under $ 3 .5 0 and o v e r ------------ 2 9 14 13 6 1 24 37 43 9 4 Total 44 118 Establishment average hourly earnings Under $ 1 .5 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .50 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .50 5 E a rn in gs o f in dividu al w o r k e r s v a r ie d g re a tly w ithin the sam e jo b and a re a , e s p e c ia lly fo r in cen tiv e w o r k e r s . (See ta b les 5—18.) The fo llo w in g tabu la tion in d ica te s the n um ber o f in c e n tiv e -p a id w om en sew ing m ach in e o p e r a to r s , sin g le h a n d -s y s te m , in New Y o rk C ity, w ith s p e c ifie d h o u rly ea rn in g s. Number o f workers in— Regular shops Contract shops $ 1 .5 0 ...................................................................... and under $ 2 .0 0 ---------------------------------- ......... and under $ 2 .5 0 ---------------------------------- ......... and under $ 3 .0 0 --------------------------------- ......... and under $ 3 .50 ---------------------------------- ......... and under $ 4 .00 ---------------------------------- ......... and o v e r --------------------------------------------- ------- 107 354 809 693 677 374 265 1,720 4 ,954 4,955 3,830 1,889 997 478 Total number o f workers----------------------......... Average hourly earnings---------------------- ------- 3,279 $2.83 18,823 $2.37 Hourly earnings Under $ 1 .50 $ 2 .00 $ 2 .50 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .50 $ 4 .00 In cen tive paid w o r k e r s g e n e r a lly had h igh er a v era g e earn in gs than tim e w o r k e r s in the sa m e o ccu p a tio n and a rea . F o r ex a m p le, in 6 o f the 9 a re a s fo r w h ich c o m p a r is o n s b y m eth od o f w age paym ent cou ld be m ade fo r s e c t io n -s y s t e m sew in g m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , the d iffe r e n c e in a v era g e h o u rly earn in gs am ounted to at le a s t 42 cen ts. E sta b lish m en t P r a c t ic e s and S u p plem en tary W age P r o v is io n s S ch ed u led W eek ly H ou rs. W ork sch ed u les of 35 h ou rs (5 days) a w eek w e r e in e ffe c t in M a rch —A p r il 1963 in shops em p loy in g at le a s t n in e-ten th s of the p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s in s ix a re a s and m o r e than fo u r -fift h s o f th ose in fou r other a r e a s (table 19). In D alla s and L o s A n g e le s —Long B ea ch , n e a rly n in e-ten th s of the w o r k e r s w e r e in esta b lish m e n ts re p o rtin g a 4 0 -h o u r w ork w eek . P a id H olid a ys. P a id h o lid a y p r o v is io n s in the e sta b lish m en ts studied v a r ie d am ong the a r e a s and, in so m e in sta n ce s, d iffe r e d am ong esta b lish m en ts w ithin the sa m e a r e a and fo r tim e and in cen tiv e paid w o r k e r s w ithin an e s ta b lish m en t (table 20). The pred om in an t p r o v is io n s in the a re a s ran ged fr o m 4 days a y e a r in C lev ela n d to 672 days in F a ll R iv e r and New B e d fo rd , New Y o rk C ity, N ew ark and J e r s e y C ity, P a te r son—C lifton —P a s s a ic , and W ilk e s -B a r r e —H azleton. P r o v is io n s fo r health and w e lfa r e b e n e fits, v a ca tio n pay, su p p lem en tary u n em ploym en t b e n e fits, and r e tir e m e n t p en sion plans w e re stipu lated in c o lle c tiv e ba rg a in in g a g re e m e n ts w ith the In ternational L a d ie s 1 G arm ent W ork ers* Union. T h ese c o n tr a c ts w e r e in e ffe c t in shops em p loy in g m o r e than fo u r -fift h s o f the w o r k e r s in e a ch a r e a e x ce p t D a lla s and L o s A n g e le s—Long B each . The p r o v is io n s a re s u m m a r iz e d in the fo llo w in g p a ra g ra p h s. H ealth, W e lfa r e , and V a ca tion B en efits. H ealth and w e lfa r e b en efits in a ll a r e a s , and v a ca tio n b e n e fits in a ll a re a s ex ce p t C h ica g o, C levela n d , D a lla s, and St. L ou is 7 w e r e p r o v id e d fr o m a health and w e lfa r e fund to w h ich e m p lo y e r s con trib u ted a stipu lated p e rce n ta g e o f p a y r o lls fo r w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y the union a g re e m e n ts. The am ounts o f e m p lo y e r con trib u tion s and b en efits p ro v id e d d iffe r e d am ong the a r e a s . (See ta b le 21.) 7 In these areas, workers received vacation payments directly from their employers. 6 V a ca tio n paym en ts to w o r k e rs v a r ie d by cr a ft in th ree a r e a s , ranging fr o m $60 to $78 in N ew ark and J e r s e y C ity and P a te r son—C lifton —P a s s a ic , and fr o m $60 to $80 in New Y o rk C ity. In C h ica go, D a lla s, and St. L o u is, w o r k e rs t y p ic a lly r e c e iv e d 1 w e e k 's v a ca tio n a fter 1 y ea r and lo n g e r v a ca tio n s a fter g re a te r lengths o f s e r v ic e . In the oth er a re a s (and in St. L ou is fo r p ie c e w o r k e r s ) v a ca tion paym ents w e r e b a s e d on the w ork er*s earn in gs in the p re v io u s y ea r. Other b e n e fits c o m m o n ly p r o v id e d fr o m the union health and w e lfa r e funds in clu d ed h o sp ita liza tio n , s u r g ic a l, m a te rn ity , and e y e g la s s b e n e fits, s e r v ic e s at the union health c e n te r , and death b e n e fits. A m on g the nonunion sh ops studied, paid v a ca tion s w e re g e n e ra lly p r o v id e d in s ix a r e a s and som e health and in su ra n ce b en efits in a m a jo r ity of the shops in fo u r a r e a s. S u p plem en tary U n em ploym ent B en efits. S u p plem en tary un em ploym en t b e n e fits , in sh ops having a g re e m e n ts w ith the ILGWU w e re p ro v id e d fo r q u a lified w o r k e r s w h ose e m p lo y e r s go out of b u sin e ss fr o m a national u n em p loy m en ts e v e r a n c e b e n e fits fund to w hich e m p lo y e r s con trib u ted 0.5 p e rce n t of th eir c o v e r e d p a y r o lls . T h is fund, a d m in iste re d jo in tly by the union and e m p lo y e r s , p ro v id e s both a lu m p -s u m s e v e r a n c e b e n e fit up to $400 and sup plem en tal unem ploym en t b e n e fits to q u a lifie d w o r k e r s o f up to $25 fo r a m a x im u m of 48 w e e k s, depending on ea rn in gs and length of s e r v i c e .8 T e m p o r a r y D isa b ility B en efits. In New Y ork C ity, N ew ark and J e r s e y C ity, and P a te r son—C lifton —P a s s a ic , the union co n tra cts p ro v id e d fo r paym ent of the fu ll c o s t , in clu din g the w ork ers* co n trib u tion s, of te m p o r a r y d isa b ility b e n e fits stipu lated under th eir r e s p e c t iv e State d isa b ility b en efits law s. R e tire m e n t P la n s. R e tire m e n t p en sion b en efits (other than th ose a v a ila b le under F e d e r a l o ld -a g e , s u r v iv o r s , and d is a b ility in su ran ce) w e r e p ro v id e d through e m p lo y e r con trib u tion s to a re tire m e n t fund. The am ounts con trib u ted w e r e b a s e d on th eir p a y r o lls fo r w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y union a g re e m e n ts (table 22). In n e a rly a ll a r e a s , q u a lifie d w o r k e r s w e re e lig ib le fo r paym ents fr o m this fund of $50 a m onth at age 65 and a $500 lu m p -su m death b en efit w as stipu lated fo r th eir b e n e fic ia r ie s . In s ix a r e a s , w om en m ay r e t ir e betw een the a g es of 62 and 65 w ith a p ro p o rtio n a te b en efit re d u ction fo r ea ch y ea r p r io r to age 65. R e tire m e n t p en sion plans e sta b lish m e n ts con ta cted. yrere in e ffe c t in v e r y few of the nonunion 8 For further detail see Thomas Kennedy, ’’ The International Ladies’ Garment Workers' Union Supplementary Unemployment-Severance Benefits Fund,” Automation Funds and Displaced Workers, Harvard University, 1962. Table 1. Earnings Distributions: All Production Workers (P ercen t distribution o f production w o rk e rs in w om en ’ s and m is s e s ' d r e s s m anufacturing establishm ents by average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings, 1 12 se le cte d a r e a s , 2 M arch—A p ril 1963) A v era ge h ou rly earnings 1 Boston Chicago Under $ 1. 15________________________ $ 1 .1 5 and under $ 1. 20____________ $ 1.20 and under $ 1 . 25____________ 0. 1 4. 5 2. 5 0 .2 0. 3 6 .2 1. 8 3. 7 2. 5 1 .6 .7 (4 ) 0. 5 .4 4. 1 7 .9 3. 1 3. 3 4. 3 3 .6 18.0 5 .0 1 .8 4. 9 2. 9 3. 7 3.2 4 .4 2 .0 1. 2 3. 3 1. 9 2 .7 2. 3 5 .0 13. 7 10. 3 6. 1 4 .2 3. 3 9 .3 8 .3 4 .8 3 .3 2. 5 9 .6 6. 5 4 .9 4 .6 3 .7 2. 1 2 .9 2. 3 1. 8 1 . 30____________ 1 .3 5 ____________ 1. 50____________ 4 .6 5.9 4 .5 3.7 3. 1 $ $ $ $ $ 1. 50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 1. 60_ _ _ 1 . 70____________ 1 . 80_ ____ 1 . 90____________ 2 . 00 6 .9 5. 5 5 .9 5. 0 3. 3 10 . 1 $ 2 . 00 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2. 20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 2 . 10 ____________ 2 . 20 ____________ 5 .0 4 .0 4. 5 3 .5 5.2 4 .2 3. 5 3. 5 3.0 $ 2. 50 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2. 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ $ 3. 00 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 $ 3. 40 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ and and and and and under under under under under $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $4. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 50 60 70 80 90 2. 60____________ 2. 70____________ 2 . 80____________ 2 . 90____________ 3. 00____________ 3. 10____________ 3. 20 3. 30 3. 40____________ 3. 50 60____________ 70_ 80____________ 90 00____________ $ 4 . 00 and ov er 6 .4 7. 6 6.6 5 .6 4. 1 2. 1 2. 0 1. 8 2 .4 2 .4 1.8 1. 5 .9 .4 .9 .4 . 1 .5 .9 .4 Regular shops 3 3 .4 $ $ $ $ $ 2 .2 New Y o rk City A ll shops 0. 1 under under under under under 2. 30____________ 2. 40____________ 2. 50_ F a ll R iver Los Newark and A n g e le s and New B ed ford Long Beach J e r s e y City 0. 1 18. 5 3 .8 and and and and and 1 .4 0 ____________ D allas 0.6 10 .8 8 .6 2 .7 1. 5 $ 1.25 $ 1. 30 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1.45 1 .4 5 ____________ Cleveland 8.0 1.7 1 .2 1. 1 .6 .6 .8 2.0 1.6 2. 1 .6 1. 3 1. 6 _ .5 .5 .5 •1 .2 .1 .7 1. 0 1. 1 .6 1.9 1. 3 _ .1 .1 •1 .6 .6 _ _ .8 .3 .5 .1 1 .2 _ 1 .2 11. 7 13.0 3. 2 2 .9 7 .6 _ _ _ _ 6. 5 5. 8 5. 5 4. 7 5. 0 3. 9 4. 0 3. 5 2. 1 4. 0 3. 9 2. 7 2. 8 2. 2 1. 9 1. 6 1 .2 .8 .7 .6 7. 6 5. 1 5. 0 3. 7 2 .9 3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 2.7 3 .6 2 .4 1.4 1 .6 1 .6 4. 2. 6. 3. 9 3. 0 3. 0 2 .4 3. 5 2 .0 2 .6 3. 4. 3. 2. 4. 2. 3 2. 2 1. 7 1.4 2. 0 4. 2 4. 7 6. 9 1.4 4. 1 2. 1 3. 1 1.4 2. 0 1. 2 1. 1 1. 5 1. 5 .6 .9 .7 1.7 2 .8 3 .6 2 .6 2. 0 1. 6 .8 1 .8 2. 8 1. 1. 1. . 5 2. 7 3 .4 1.4 2. 1 .6 2. 0 2.6 .4 1 1 1 1 1 13. 9 8. 1 5. 8 7. 0 5. 1 4 .2 5. 2 4 .4 3. 5 3.7 .8 . . . . . 9. 5 7. 0 3 .6 3 .8 3. 3 1.4 3 .4 1. 5 _ 2. 5 1.4 23. 6 4 .4 5. 3 4 .0 4 .7 4. 1 .9 .2 1. 3 5. 0 4. 2 9. 9 3 .4 7 0 5 3 1 3. 4. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3 2 .7 3 .6 3 .6 2 .4 - 1. 7 3. 7 3. 7 14. 5 4 .4 5. 2 4. 5 5 .7 5. 1 4 .4 4 .2 .3 .4 .3 .7 1. 1 5. 5 6. 2 7. 8 5. 0 4. 3 6 .2 8. 2 1 .8 2 .2 1 .2 .6 .8 (4 ) .3 .2 _ .8 4. 8 5 .4 6. 1 6. 2 5 .4 2 .8 2 .2 0. 2 1 .6 1 .0 5.2 3 .8 5. 0 4 .9 4. 1 3. 1 2 .4 (4 ) 2. 3 .5 4 .4 3 .4 4 .4 3. 9 3 .4 7 .0 3 .4 2. 1 .8 .2 .9 .4 .3 3 5 1 .4 1. 3 .6 .4 1. 5 1. 1 1. 0 .8 1 .2 2. 7 0 1 0 W ilk esB a rre— Hazleton 0. 8 (4 ) 1 .8 6.0 St. Louis 2. 2 .8 4 .7 4. 7 5. 5 5 .4 4 .7 7 .9 7. 1 7. 3 5. 9 4 .2 6.8 P a terson — P h ila C lifto n delphia P a ss aic 2 .4 3. 7 2. 3 2. 7 2 .3 2 .6 7 .6 9 .2 5 .6 (4 ) C ontract shops 1. 7 1. 6 1.4 1. 1 3. 5 2. 0 2 .6 1.7 9 8 8 0 3 6. 8 9 5 8 3 5 2. 1 1. 2 1. 8 .4 .4 .9 1. 8 .6 .9 .2 . l .4 .5 .4 .2 .2 1.7 .3 .2 2. 3 1. 2 1. 2 3. 9 1 .6 6. 5 9. 9 1. 1 .8 .5 .6 .4 .5 .5 .2 .1 .3 .4 .3 .3 ,2 .4 ,1 .2 .2 1.4 3. 7 7 .2 7. 3 7 .2 8. 3 .8 .4 .5 ___ 100.0 100 . 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 . 0 100.0 100 . 0 100 . 0 10 0.0 100 . 0 100.0 N um ber o f w o r k e r s ________________ A v era ge h ou rly earnings 1 2,073 $ 2 . 11 2,753 $ 1.9 6 723 $1. 54 2,650 $1. 50 5, 560 $1. 77 5,812 $ 2 .0 1 4 ,4 9 2 $2. 07 53,171 $ 2 .4 9 18,183 $ 2.68 34,988 $ 2.39 2 , 001 $2. 37 4, 323 $ 1 .9 3 2, 240 $ 1 .8 9 7, 110 $1.73 T otal _ 4 .9 ___ 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late shifts. 2 F o r defin ition o f a reas in this and subsequent tables, see footnote 1 to table in appendix A. Includes jobbing shops p e rfo rm in g som e m anufacturing operations, such as cutting and packing and shipping, in addition to regular (inside) shops. L e s s than 0. 05 p ercen t. NOTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not equal 100 p ercen t. Table 2. Earnings Distributions: 00 Women Production Workers (P e r c e n t distribution o f w om en production w ork ers in w om en 's and m is s e s ' d re s s m anufacturing establishm ents by average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings, 1 12 se le cte d a re a s, M arch—A p ril 1963) A v era ge h ou rly earnings 1 Under $ 1.15________________________ $1.15 and under $1.20______________ $1.20 and under $1.25 _ _ _ $1.25 $1.30 $1.35 $1.40 $1.45 and and and and and under under under under under $1.30 $1.35 _ __ $1.40 _ _ $1.45______________ $1.50______________ Boston 0.2 4.9 2.4 4.3 6.7 5.2 4.1 3.3 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 and and and and and under under under under under $1.60--------------------$1.70--------------------$1.80 _ _ ------$1.90 $ 2.00 --------------------- 7.7 6.4 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 10 — — ------------$ 2.20 ______________ $2.30______________ $2.40______________ $2.50______________ 5.5 4.6 5.0 3.6 2.7 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 and and and and and under under under under under $2.60--------------------$2.70 — — __ — $2.80 ---------$2.90 __ — $3.00 - ------ 6.8 6.0 3.9 C h icago Cleveland 0.3 2.7 1.5 4.3 8.9 3.3 3.6 4.6 11.4 7.0 8.3 7.3 6.3 D allas Los Newark F a ll R iver A n g e le s and and New B edford Long B each J e rs e y City 0.1 0.1 19.5 4.1 3.1 0.4 6.5 3.8 1.2 2.0 2.6 3.2 19.5 5.1 7.8 5.4 13.7 10.3 6.5 4.3 3.2 1.6 12.0 5.0 3.1 4.1 3.5 4.2 9.5 8.9 4.8 3.5 10.2 0.6 12.0 9.5 2.6 7.0 4.8 4.8 3.8 1.8 2.5 13.7 3.2 3.0 7.5 9.2 5.7 6.7 7.4 7.8 7.7 7.8 6.3 4.6 5.1 4.0 3.2 2.4 5.6 4.0 5.3 5.5 4.7 3.7 3.3 1.7 .5 2.8 .5 4.1 2.4 2.0 1.8 .5 .5 .3 2.0 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.2 .3 .5 .3 _ .5 2.0 1.3 .2 .1 .4 .5 .3 .5 .8 1.6 .9 .4 .7 2.8 2.8 1.8 2.2 4.4 2.7 1.7 - .8 (3) (3) .8 2.2 1.3 .9 1.4 1.7 New Y ork City A ll shops (3) 2.0 .8 Regular shops 2 Contract shops (3) 0.7 .4 (3) 2.5 .9 1.5 P a terson — Clifton— P a ss a ic 0.8 .6 2.4 1.3 3.9 2.9 1.9 1.3 3.8 3.8 15.7 4.3 7.4 3.4 2.4 3.7 2.4 2.7 1.3 2.7 4.2 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.8 2 .1 1.3 2.4 6.3 5.6 3.9 3.2 4.8 4.6 4.4 5.3 5.9 6.7 6.9 6.0 8.4 5.5 4.8 4.6 5.6 4.8 3.5 4.4 4.8 5.0 4.5 2.3 5.7 4.5 5.8 4.9 3.9 4.0 3.8 2.5 1.4 1.7 1.4 3.9 3.0 4.1 4.3 6.3 3.2 9.3 5.7 2.7 1.7 1.3 1.4 2.4 1.9 1.7 1.3 .9 3.2 2.5 6.2 6.1 8.7 5.9 5.4 4.7 3.8 4.3 3.5 3.5 3.1 4.9 5.2 6.2 2.6 P h ila delphia 1.8 St. Louis 0.2 2.0 W ilk esB a rre— H azleton 6.0 .7 .5 .9 5.2 4.4 3.6 2.4 1.4 24.1 4.5 5.4 9.3 7.5 7.2 5.7 5.1 15.1 10.0 8.6 6.2 6.5 7.6 5.5 5.5 4.8 8.5 5.4 5.5 4.2 3.2 4.2 3.7 4.0 3.7 5.4 4.3 4.3 3.2 3.7 4.0 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.2 2.2 3.2 2.9 2.4 3.8 2.5 4.4 5.3 3.9 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.4 2.4 1.9 1.5 .7 4.5 1 .1 1.2 .9 .6 2.2 1.8 2.2 1 .1 .8 .6 1.5 1.3 .7 .4 .4 .9 .4 .5 .5 1.4 1.4 .8 .6 .6 .6 1.7 .9 .9 1 .1 .8 1.0 1 .1 .6 .5 .5 .5 2 .1 2.2 5.8 6.8 10.0 6.1 1.2 .8 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 and and and and and under under under under under $3.10 ____ $3.20 __ $3.30 $3.40--------------------$3.50--------------------- 1.3 .3 .3 .2 •1 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 and and and and and under under under under under $3.60--------------------$3.70--------------------$3.80--------------------$3.90 $4.00 - _ .2 .2 .2 .1 .2 1.0 (3) .1 .9 2.0 2.4 3.5 2 .1 1.6 .5 .2 .3 T otal--------------------------------------- 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Number o f w ork er s _ ----------— -------A v era ge h ourly earnings 1 -------— __ 1, 731 $1.91 2, 351 $1.82 650 $1.49 2,417 $1.47 5,225 $1.76 5, 137 $1.93 4, 193 $ 2.00 40, 150 $2.24 9,803 $2.45 30, 347 $2.17 1,801 $2.15 3,803 $1.87 2, 033 $1.84 6, 561 $4.00 and over 1.0 .8 .3 .3 (3) .1 - - .2 .2 .2 _ _ _ _ _ .2 _ - _ _ . _ _ .3 .4 .3 1.0 .6 1.0 .4 .5 .1 .1 .1 .3 (3) .3 .3 -1 .2 .5 .4 .9 .3 .4 .2 .1 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 See footnote 3, table 1. 3 L es s than 0.05 percen t. NOTE: Becau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal 100 percent. 1 .1 1 .1 .6 .7 .6 2.6 .3 .1 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 .1 -1 .4 .7 .3 .1 .4 .3 - .2 .2 .2 .2 (3) - .2 $1.72 Table 3. Earnings Distributions: Men Production Workers (P e rce n t distribution o f m en production w o rk e rs in w om en 's and m is s e s ' d re s s m anufacturing establishm ents by average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings, 1 12 s e le cte d a r e a s , M arch—A p ril 1963) A v era g e h ou rly earnings 1 Under $ 1. 15________________________ $ 1 .1 5 and under $ 1 . 20 $ 1. 20 and under $ 1. 25____________ Boston Chicago Cleveland _ _ 2 .6 2 .2 _ - 6 .8 2 .9 1. 5 $ 1. 25 $ 1. 30 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1.40 $ 1.45 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 1. 30------------------1. 35____________ 1 .4 0 ____________ 1 .4 5 . — 1. 50 __ __ __ 6 .1 1 .8 1 .2 3 .0 $ 1. 50 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1. 70 $ 1.80 $ 1 . 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1.60 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1. 80______ _____ $ 1 . 90____________ $ 2 . 00 — - 2 .6 $ 2 . 00 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 . 20 $ 2. 30 $ 2 .4 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 10 ____________ $ 2 . 20 $ 2 . 30— $ 2 .4 0 $ 2. 50------------------ 2 .0 2 .9 " 4 .7 4 .0 4. 1 1 .4 $ $ $ $ $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and tinder under under under under $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 3. 4. 1 2 .9 2 .9 4. 1 4 .4 2 .5 3 .0 2 .0 16.4 16.4 2 .7 - $ $ $ $ $ 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $ 3. $4. $ 4 . 00 $ 4 . 20 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 . 60 $ 4 . 80 and and and and and under under under under under $ 4 . 20 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 ____________ $ 4 . 80 _ __ $ 5. 00____________ 60 70 80 __ 90____________ 00 __ __ 3. 10— 3. 20— 3. 30 3 .4 0 —— 3. 50 — — 60____________ 70 80— — — 90____________ 00 1.5 2 .0 1. 5 1 .2 .3 .3 2 .6 .9 2 .0 2 .0 1 .2 2 .2 3 .0 3 .0 3 .0 2 .7 4. 1 4. 1 9 .6 1.4 6 .8 D allas _ 8 .6 .9 13.3 9 .9 2 .1 3 .4 4 .3 3 .4 1.3 7 .8 2 .4 3 .6 8 .4 2. 1 2 .7 1 .2 8 .0 .8 .9 2 .7 1.3 3 .3 1.7 1.9 .7 2 .7 .7 2 .6 1. 1 .7 .7 (3 ) 1.7 1. 1 8 .6 3 .8 3. 1 3. 1 5. 1 3 .7 3 .9 3. 1 2 .3 1. 5 1.9 1.7 1.7 1 .6 - 2. 1 2 .4 1.9 .4 2. 3 _ 2. 5 2 .5 2 .0 1 .8 .3 3 .7 3 .0 6 .9 10.3 8 .2 1 1 .2 2. 1 2. 1 .9 .9 2. 1 2 .4 2 .4 3. 1 2 .4 1 .8 .6 3 .0 5.7 .9 2 .5 1 .6 6 .7 3.7 2 .6 2. 1 2 .2 2 .0 1 .8 .7 .9 .8 _ .3 1.3 1.7 2 .0 2. 1 .8 2 .2 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.3 5 .4 7. 3 11.9 1.3 1 .8 .3 .6 .3 2 .3 - .3 .9 - 11.7 3 .9 6 .4 2 .4 .3 2 .3 1.7 3 .3 2 .3 .3 3 .9 5.2 8 .7 5 .9 7. 2 4. 7 1. 5 5 .8 1.3 .9 1.7 1.3 7 .3 4 .3 1.3 4 .8 2 .8 2 .6 2. 1 4. 7 2. 1 3 .2 1. 3 1.7 1 .8 1.3 1.4 .5 4 .0 3 .3 2 .7 2 .8 2 .2 1 .0 4 .0 1 .8 6.0 .9 3 .8 4. 5 8 .2 - - 1.8 2.7 _ _ 2 .2 2 .0 .6 - - .3 3 .0 2 .6 - .6 - 1.8 1.0 “ - .6 3 .8 .3 1.4 _ _ .3 - - 6 .1 1 .8 2 .6 .7 .4 2. 5 - - - - - 1 .2 _ _ _ - - .6 - - - - .4 - 1 .8 1 .6 - 2 .0 1 .8 1 .2 1.3 .7 .3 1 .2 2 .6 2 .9 .8 - 1 .8 10.7 1 .2 1 .6 _ 1 2 .2 " 5 .8 1.4 _ - 4 .2 2. 7 3. 1 5 .6 5 .4 5 .3 2 .4 1.9 9 .2 1.9 3. 1 .9 17. 5 2 .4 4 .0 2 .4 2 .9 1.4 1.4 8 .9 6 .7 2. 2 4 .9 3 .5 1 .0 8.0 3 .5 1 .0 3 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1.3 1. 1 “ 1. 5 3 .3 _ 3 .0 1 1 .2 3. 1 4 .0 1. 5 .4 1. 5 1.7 2 .5 .4 .4 1 .0 .4 1 .0 .5 6 .3 .5 3 .8 2 .9 2.6 1. 1 2.6 3 .9 3 0 .9 7 .7 2 .9 .7 .4 .7 1. 1 3 .9 2 .9 .5 .7 .5 .5 2 .0 .2 .8 3 .0 3 .0 8 .3 1. 3 1.4 1. 5 3 .0 2 .8 1 .0 10 .0 1 1 .0 1 .0 .4 .4 .5 2 .7 1.9 1.4 .5 .2 - - 1. 5 - .9 .7 1 .0 _ - - - .5 2 .0 1 .6 2. 3 3. 5 - 9 .0 4 .9 4. 1 1. 5 3 .6 1. 5 2 .0 - 1 .0 .6 4 .0 3. 5 3 .3 2. 1 3 .2 3. 5 1 .0 - 6 .0 .4 .2 6. 5 10. 5 1 .0 " .5 - .5 .2 _ .5 3 .2 - - .8 . 100.0 10 0.0 10 0.0 10 0 .0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 13,021 $3.2 7 8 ,3 8 0 $ 2 .9 5 4,6 4 1 $ 3 .8 4 200 $4. 33 520 $ 2 .4 2 207 $2 .3 3 549 $1.82 7 .9 T o t a l __________________________________ 100.0 100.0 10 0.0 100.0 100.0 10 0 .0 100.0 N um ber o f w o r k e r s — — ________ A v era ge h ou rly earnings 1 _____ ___ ___ 342 $3. 12 402 $ 2.74 73 $ 2 .0 3 233 $ 1 .7 8 335 $ 1.8 8 675 $ 2 .6 2 299 $ 3.07 E xclu des prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late shifts. See footn ote 3, table 1 . L e s s than 0. 05 pe rce n t. W ork ers w e re distribu ted as follow s: 1.8 percent at $ 5. 40 to $ 5. 60; 1. 6 p ercen t at $ 5. 60 to $ 5. 80; 1 .0 percen t at $ 5. 80 to $ 6; and 9. 6 percen t at $ 6 and o v e r . W ork ers w e re distribu ted as follow s: 3. 0 percent at $ 5. 40 to $ 5. 60; 4. 0 p ercen t at $ 5. 60 to $ 5. 80; and 12. 0 p ercent at $ 6 and o v e r . _ 0 .4 1.7 " 1 .0 .2 7. 1 B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal 100 percen t. _ W ilkesB arre— Hazleton 8 .0 2 .4 6 .4 NOTE: St. Louis 13.0 2 .5 5 19 . 0 1 .2 .2 1 .2 • .2 P h ila delphia 6 .7 . 3 -9 4 14.0 $ 5. 00 and under $ 5. 20____________ $ 5. 20 and under $ 5 .4 0 ____________ $ 5 .4 0 and o v e r _ 1 2 3 4 5 3 .3 .5 .9 1.3 1.4 - - 3 .9 1.3 .9 .4 .7 3 .0 4. 1 1 .4 4 .7 3 .8 1. 5 4 .7 . 0 .4 6.0 3 .2 1. 5 PatersonrC lifto n P a ss aic _ 0 .3 .3 1 .2 2 .2 C ontract shops _ 0 .3 .3 2 .6 3 .0 Regular shops 2 _ 1.3 .7 2 .3 1.7 .7 .7 6.0 New Y o rk City A ll shops _ 4 .3 .3 9 .0 2 .4 3 .6 2 .7 2 .0 2 .2 0.6 7 .8 8 .7 3 .6 8 .7 11.3 2 .7 5 .5 1.4 1 .4 1.7 3. 5 F a ll R iver L os Newark and A n g e le s and New B ed ford Long B each J e r s e y City _ 1. 1 5 . 5 Table 4. Average Hourly Earnings: Selected Occupations (N um ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w ork ers in s e le cte d occupations 2 in w om en 's and m is s e s ' d re ss manufacturing establish m en ts, 12 se le cte d a r e a s , M arch—A p ril 1963) O ccupation and sex N um ber of w o rk e rs A verage hourly earnings Number of w ork ers A verage hourly earnings 175 38 $3. 08 1.77 216 2.68 2 . 10 Number of w ork ers F a ll R iver and New B edford D allas Cleveland Chicago B oston A verage hourly earnings A verage hourly earnings 110 33 69 528 420 108 36 36 P r e s s e r s , m achine________________ W o m e n __________________________ 16 S ew ers, hand _________ __ _____ Sewing m achine o p e ra to rs , section s y s t e m ----------------------------Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilo r) s y s t e m ---------W om en J __ _ .. „ M en _____________________________ Th read tr im m e r s (c le a n e r s ). -----W ork d is trib u to r s ------ ------------------- 149 $3. 19 1.45 3.39 2 . 18 4. 37 3.77 _ 1. 59 85 $2. 07 1. 25 1.45 1. 72 1. 37 285 1.93 699 1.71 324 1.49 1,269 1. 51 643 628 15 42 23 2. 27 2.26 2. 56 1. 38 1.43 682 676 2. 07 1.46 1.44 72 72 26 1. 51 1. 51 1.40 1.48 106 106 52 55 1.68 1 . 68 Cutters and m a r k e r s ______________ In sp ectors, final (e x a m in e r s )____ 99 21 135 60 75 4 12 117 99 225 6 44 38 3. 37 1.82 36 55 55 7 $2.41 1. 51 1. 51 1. 38 22 New Y ork City A ll shops N um ber of w o rk e rs Cutters and m a r k e r s ______________ In s p ectors, final (e x a m in e r s )------P r e s s e r s , h a n d ___________________ W om en _________ ____ ________ M en _______________ ____ _____ P r e s s e r s , m ach in e------------------------W om en ________________ __________ Men _______ ____ _____ — — S ew ers, hand ______ ______ ____ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , section s y s t e m ----------------------------Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) s y s t e m ---------W om en __________________________ M en _____________________ ________ Th read tr im m e r s (c le a n e r s )---------W ork d is trib u to rs --------------------------- A verage hourly earnings Regular shops 3 Number of w ork ers A verage hourly earnings $3. 37 1.83 4 .6 0 3. 07 4. 74 6 .96 - 3 ,745 1,055 3, 594 366 3,2 2 8 78 78 5, 149 $3. 38 1.72 4. 55 3. 22 4. 70 5. 77 5.77 1.80 3,418 558 615 53 562 42 42 1,067 2,3 2 4 2 .20 - 24,326 22,889 1,437 1,641 2 .49 2 .44 3. 17 1.42 1. 56 4, 141 3,643 498 281 40 160 Contract shops Number of w ork ers A verage hourly earnings Num ber of w ork ers Num ber of w ork ers 104 204 203 1 22 16 6 1. 23 1. 36 P a terson — Clifton— P a ss a ic Num ber of w ork ers A verage hourly earnings A verage hourly earnings $ 2 .6 4 1. 34 1.93 1.91 Los A n g e le s Long B each Number of w ork ers 162 2. 27 2.27 1. 39 316 95 427 365 62 507 3,385 1 . 89 429 470 133 1. 37 1.46 2 , 288 2 .0 2 Philadelphia Number of w ork ers 2, 273 15 213 8 A vera ge hourly earnings Ne>vark aind J e r s e y City Num ber of w ork ers 1.6 6 134 “ 317 $ 3 .2 6 1.46 3. 38 2 .7 8 4. 33 " ■ 1.63 1.84 1,938 2. 05 2 . 09 2 . 09 2 . 62 858 858 249 2. 33 ~ 1.35 $3. 15 1 . 66 2 . 28 2. 15 3. 07 ■ - 1.27 1.46 St. Louis A vera ge hourly earnings Num ber of w ork ers A vera ge hourly earnings 90 47 138 $ 2.83 1. 55 2. 32 12 1 2 .2 2 17 95 3 .02 1.85 1.64 36 95 350 A verage hourly earnings 216 W ilkes -B a r r e — H azleton Num ber of w ork ers 6.96 - 2. 04 4, 082 1. 73 168 $3. 51 1.59 4. 59 r 1. 63 168 $ 2 .4 5 1 . 39 2 . 22 2 . 19 2. 53 ■ 1.48 2,066 2 . 18 388 2 .4 0 2, 117 1.91 921 1.95 4, 231 1.79 20,185 19,246 939 1,360 2 .4 0 2. 37 2 . 90 1.41 1. 52 945 941 4 94 2 . 29 288 288 153 2. 14 2. 14 1.46 1.44 207 207 44 60 2. 19 2. 19 1.72 1.44 450 1.36 1.49 2.93 2 .82 3.6 8 1.46 1.65 327 497 2,9 7 9 313 2,666 - 120 $ 3.46 1.60 4. 54 3.24 4 .6 9 - 11 25 164 3 161 - 1.39 197 127 321 286 35 - 201 $3. 17 1. 51 2 . 28 2. 13 3. 56 1. 56 21 10 9 1 80 69 505 452 53 ~ - A verage hourly earnings 102 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Cutters and m a rk e rs in all a reas and p r e s s e r s in a few areas w e re predom inantly m en; among the other occupations fo r w hich data are not shown separately fo r w om en and m en, the w om en w ere predom inant in n early a ll in stan ces. The num bers o f m en and w om en in each o f the se le cte d occupations fo r w hich data are shown in the r es p ectiv e areas a re indicated in tables 5 to 18. 3 See footnote 3, table 1. NOTE: D ashes indicate no data re p o rte d o r data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . Table 5. Occupational Earnings: Boston (Number and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w ork ers in s e le cte d occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' d re ss m anufacturing establishm ents, M arch 1963) O ccupation and sex Cutters and m a rk ers (a ll m en )2 a / ___________ __ ______ In s p e cto rs, final (exam in ers) (a ll w om en )2 a / __________________ P r e s s e r s , hand___________ _______ T im e _ „ Num A v e rNum ber of w o rk e rs re ce ivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— ber $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $ 1.30 $ 1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 J 4 M fO T ) of hourly w o rk - earn and $ 1.10 under e is $ 1.20 $1.30 $ 1.40 $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 over 99 $3. 19 - - - - - - - 1 - - 3 21 1.45 3. 39 - - - 10 2 1 1 5 1 3 1 1 4 6 1 3 3 3 6 2 3 - 2 8 6 2 4 1 2 _ - _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 _ 4 6 8 6 6 2 135 25 110 In c e n tiv e 75 g I n c e n tiv e ____ T im e Incentive _______ P r e s s e r s , m achine (12 m en and 4 w o m e n ) 2 h / ------ P r e s s e r s , hand and m achine ( 31 m en and 3 w o m e n )_________ TnranHvc S ew ers, hand (a ll w o m e n )----------- 2 - 2 2 1 1 17 2 15 _ 3 _ 4 _ 4 1 2 6 2 1 1 6 15 4 6 3 3 _ 6 _ 1 _ 3 2 4 4 6 6 1 _ 1 1 _ 1 _ 1 _ _ 1 34 23 149 4 .4 7 5. 38 1.59 1. 52 1. 73 - - - - - 1 _ _ _ 2 _ 2 6 _ _ _ 8 7 4 3 36 31 5 29 28 16 14 6 4 13 3 5 ! 14 7 5 2 2 31 15 31 15 16 16 12 20 4 2 4 7 3 3 1 32 21 16 36 15 24 10 1.93 - 2 2 7 3 4 24 19 5 17 - 643 575 628 566 15 2. 27 2 . 28 2.26 2. 27 2. 56 - 2 2 2 2 13 13 13 13 15 15 15 15 27 24 27 24 26 24 26 24 30 30 30 30 27 27 26 26 - - _ - _ _ _ 1 42 34 1.38 1. 31 - - 15 15 19 15 4 - _ - 1.6 6 _ 4 4 8 23 1.43 3 11 2 _ _ 1 _ - 3 1 8 8 6 1 . 61 2 . 08 6 11 2 2 2 1 _ 1 3 2 _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ 3 _ 2 _ 2 2 2 _ _ _ 8 5 28 15 23 10 8 5 41 29 41 29 34 34 34 34 89 76 89 76 108 87 103 72 59 70 59 46 46 42 42 4 44 40 43 39 33 33 31 31 _ 1 2 1 1 2 1 86 5 2 1 2 4 2 46 1 _ 1 _ _ 3 1 _ ! _ _ 9 9 9 9 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 4 7 7 7 7 _ _ _ 3 _ 2 2 15 8 2 2 l 3 13 6 _ 2 i I 1 _ E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holid ays, and Insufficien t data to w arrant presentation o f separate averages by m ethod W ork ers w e re distributed as follow s: at $ 4 . 80 to $ 5; 5 at $ 5. 20 to $ 5.40; W ork ers w e re distributed as follow s: 1 at $ 4 . 80 to $ 5; 2 at $ 5. 20 to $ 5.40; W ork ers w e re distributed as follow s: 1 at $ 5 to $ 5. 20; 4 at $ 6. 20 to $ 6 .4 0 ; 6 3 1 6 _ 88 3 22 7 8 1 2 197 5 9 4 _ 285 13 5 2 2 - 1 1 4 3.77 _ 22 22 3 16 8 22 7 5 3 1 2 47 7 13 13 15 3 3 1 13 1 7 j 2 1 20 17 43 60 4 4 4 19 4 . 37 3 18 _ 3 11 _ - 102 T im e Incentive __ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , s e c tio n system (283 w om en and 2 m en) ____ ______ ___ _ T im e ____ __ _ _ _ Incentive _ ___ ____ ___ _ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) s y s t e m ____ IncentiveW om en __ __ _____ ____ __ Incentive___________________ Men 2 b / _______________________ T h read tr im m e r s (cle a n e rs ) (a ll w o m e n ) __________________________ T im e _________________________________ Incentive ____ ____ W ork distrib u tors (21 w om en and 2 m en )2 a / __________________ 3.66 _ 2 4. 51 2 . 18 1. 74 2. 35 67 W om en - 2 .20 4 4 _ l 11 5 5 1 5 11 il _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ 1 _ 1 1 1 1 2 late sh ifts. o f wage payment; (a) all o r predom inantly tim ew orkers and 9 at $ 6 to $ 6 . 20 . 2 at $ 5. 80 to $ 6 ; and 1 at $ 6 .4 0 to $ 6 . 60. and 6 at $ 6 .4 0 and o v e r. and (b) all or predom inantly incentive w ork ers. Table 6. Occupational Earnings: Chicago (N um ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w o rk e rs in s e le cte d occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' d r e s s m anufacturing establishm ents, M arch 1963) O ccupation and sex C utters and m ark ers (167 m en and 8 w om en) 2 a / ____ In sp ectors, final (e x a m in ers) (a ll wom en) 2 a / ---P r e s s e r s , hand 2 b / _________ W om en 2 b / ______________ M on 2 h / , ________ S ew ers, hand (a ll w om en )_______________ In c e n t iv e ------------------------Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , s ection system (694 w om en and 5 m en)---Tim»> ,., r Inc^ntivp* . . ____ _ Sewing m achine op e ra to rs , singlehand (ta ilor) system (676 w om en ^rid 6 m^n )2 W .. . T hread tr im m e r s (cle a n e rs ) (a ll w o m e n )___ T i m e ____________________ I n c e n tiv e ------------------------W ork d istrib u tors (all w o m « n ) 2 a / .. 1 2 3 4 ber of w o rk ers 175 38 216 117 99 Number o f w o rk e rs re ce ivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— age $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1730 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4^<j hourly and e a rn ings 1 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 over $3.08 1.77 2.68 2.10 2 2 7 7 2 10 10 4 2 3 8 2 2 8 3 6 5 1 1 12 14 7 9 6 6 11 3 3 3 3.37 1 2 7 4 3 8 n 1 7 12 6 3 10 3 5 6 11 8 4 4 7 3 4 17 10 7 8 7 3 6 7 5 4 6 2 2 2 4 ~ " 3 9 6 16 6 10 12 6 5 3 6 5 6 5 3 23 2 6 5 6 5 23 _ _ " 3 3 “ “ ' “ - 225 189 1.82 1.84 49 16 16 14 30 18 19 15 13 13 10 20 7 4 4 13 13 5 5 - 16 24 15 23 12 11 11 19 9 8 8 1 1 " 3 3 699 30 _ 30 55 _ 55 137 54 30 30 25 25 19 19 2 5 ~ 5 6 6 5 ~ 5 5 5 ■ “ ■ ~ 12 9 9 6 44 40 40 11 52 40 40 14 136 60 60 12 2 90 5 85 44 1 689 1.71 1.67 1.71 682 2.07 l 15 23 40 48 45 57 66 62 39 39 39 49 41 22 19 7 4 2 5 5 1 44 32 - 15 9 3 - 1 2 2 7 4 3 1 8 1 4 3 4 12 2 2 12 1.46 1.41 1.59 2 1 1 38 1.44 1 2 20 2 5 3 3 2 10 - - 1 - 2 12 ~ ~ ~ 11 6 2 15 17 21 - E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. Insufficien t data to w arrant presentation of separate averages by method o f wage payment; (a) a ll o r predom inantly tim ew ork ers, and (b) a ll o r predom inantly W orkers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 3 at $4.40 to $4.60; 2 at $4.60 to $4.80; 10 at $4.80 to $5; 2 at $5 to $5.20; and 6 at $5.20 and o v e r. Includes 4 w o rk e rs at $1 to $1.10. j 38 39 3 “ m centive w ork ers . Table 7. Occupational Earnings: Cleveland (Num ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w o rk e rs in s e le cte d occupations in w o m e n 's and m is s e s ' d re ss m anufacturing establishm ents, M arch 1963) O ccupation and sex C utters and m a r k e r s (33 m en and 3 w om en) 2 a / -----------------------P r e s s e r s , hand Tall wom en) 2 b / _ S ew ers, hand (a ll w om en) 2 b / ____ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , section sy stem (a ll w om en )____ T im e In c en tiv e. Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) system (a ll w omen) 2 b / __________________ Thread tr im m e r s (cle a n e r s ) (a ll w omen) 2 __ ____ , W ork distrib u tors (a ll w o m e n ) 2 a / _ Num ber o f w o rk e rs re ce iv in g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— ber age HuTTo" $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 JT M of hourly Under and w o rk - earn $1.10 under ings 1 e is $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 36 55 7 $2.41 1.51 1.38 324 39 285 1.49 1.59 1.48 72 1.51 4 26 1.40 11 _ 22 1.48 1 1 - 9 9 1 2 42 59 42 57 2 19 4 3 _ 1 - 2 1 30 5 25 32 1 1 2 1 5 _ 6 2 _ 26 5 17 8 9 24 21 16 9 4 4 3 4 j 1 j 1 45 5 40 42 9 33 26 13 7 9 2 4 1 4 3 1 7 2 4 6 _ 2 1 2 6 2 1 U 3 3 _ _ 10 2 3 2 3 _ 1 3 2 3 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 1 1 _ _ _ 1 1 1 E xcludes p rem iu m pay f o r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holid ays, and late shifts. Insufficient data to w arrant presentation of separate averages by m ethod of wage paym ent; (a) all o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all or predom inantly incentive w ork ers. Table 8. Occupational Earnings: Dallas (N um ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w ork ers in se le cte d occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' d re ss m anufacturing establishm ents, M arch 1963) O ccupation and sex Cutters and m a rk ers 2 a / __ W om en --------------------------In s p ectors, final (ex a m in ers) (a ll w o m e n )_______ T im e ____________________ P r e s s e r s , hand (203 w om en and 1 m a n )_______ T im e____________________ Incentive _ ____ P r e s s e r s , m achine (16 w om en and 6 m e n )---T im e ____________________ Incentive________________ P r e s s e r s , hand and m a chine (a ll w om en )2 b / ------S ew ers, hand (a ll w o m e n )______________ T im e Incentive Sewing m achine o p e r a to rs , section system ( 1 , 268 w om en and 1 _-i_ T im e ___________________ Incentive Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) system (a ll w o m e n )______________ T im e Incentive________________ T hread trim m e rs (cle a n e rs ) (a ll w om en)---T im e _____ - Incentive __________ W ork distrib u tors (53 w om en and 2 m en )2 a / ------------------------- ber of w o rk ers Num ber o f w ork ers re ce iv in g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— age $1.15 $ 1.20 $1.25 $1.30 $1.35 $1.40 $1.45 $1.50 $1.55 $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $ 1.801 $1.85 $ 1.90 $1.95 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 hourly and and e a rn under m gs 1 $ 1.20 $1.25 $1.30 $1.35 $1.40 $1.45 $1.50 $1.55 $1.60 $1.65 $1.70 $1.75 $1.80 $1.85 $1.90 $JL95 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 over ~ 1 3 3 5 5 2 1 3 3 2 5 5 4 4 - - “ - - - 1 1 5 2 - 1 “ “ 1 “ ■ - - 1 - - - - - - 2 - 1 " " ■ " “ 1 " - - - - - - 1 - 12 1 3 ■ 3 3 - 4 3 - 5 3 15 15 19 19 20 20 3 4 4 - 1 1 - - 1 2 1 1 3 22 1.45 1.23 1. 54 39 25 14 13 9 4 33 14 19 13 9 5 4 12 2 10 17 17 5 3 3 10 1 6 9 6 4 4 - 4 15 15 22 11 11 1.72 1.42 2 . 02 - 3 3 - 2 2 1 1 2 2 - - 1 - - - - - 2 2 - - - 25 1.29 12 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 - - - 85 29 56 1. 37 1. 32 1.40 20 1,269 107 1 , 162 1. 51 1. 34 1. 52 220 16 26 204 106 23 83 1.68 1 .6 1 22 1. 70 20 11 6 2 11 8 8 7 165 55 153 57 10 2 25 110 143 55 1 10 5 1 1 6 12 14 14 - 5 12 9 9 _ - 3 6 2 _ 1 _ _ 3 1 6 3 6 2 - 1 - - 3 1 6 - - - - - - - - - - 25 25 1 6 6 1 2 1 1 3 7 5 5 - 3 6 6 11 10 1 56 2 8 1 50 - 1 5 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 5 3 4 6 1 - 3 1 ■ 2 1 3 - 26 26 7 33 2 5 9 9 1. 36 35 27 2 2 9 55 16 - 16 27 84 9 8 “ " ■ 52 52 39 39 32 ~ “ " 1 38 38 51 1 1 - 2 46 46 2 ■ - - 2 58 - - 4 6 ■ - 2 1 1 90 - 2 - _ 32 ■ - - 6 5 62 5 57 " 2 _ l - 3 3 - - 1 2 3 3 25 2 1 5 5 - - 3 3 20 1 2 1 - 18 18 - 1 - - 16 2 4 13 4 9 4 4 1 6 1.23 3 1 6 1 4 1 1 . 21 1 . 28 2 3 - 8 4 22 52 38 14 9 7 1 1 2 “ _ " 2 1 1 2 ~ 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r o v ertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Insufficient data to w arrant p resentation o f separate averages by method o f w age payment; 1 3 204 59 145 ■ - 1 1 “ - 2 2 3 36 5 5 - - 1 - 1. 25 1.25 - - 4 - 104 85 1 - 21 20 1 4 - _ - 2 2 2 3 - $2. 07 2 . 18 1.75 1 1 3 3 - 1 - 83 27 - 2 2 14 5 3 - 110 - (a) all o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all or predom inantly incentive w o rk e rs . Table 9. Occupational Earnings: Fall River and New Bedford (Num ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w ork ers in se le cte d occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' d r e s s m anufacturing establishm ents, M arch 1963) O ccupation and sex Cutters and m a rk ers (a ll m en)2________________ In s p e cto rs, final (e x a m in ers) (a ll w om en )2_____ P r e s s e r s , hand ---------------T im e ________________ Incentive____________ W om en -------------------------T im e ________________ Incentive____________ T im e ________________ Incentive____________ P r e s s e r s , m achine (a ll m en )_________________ T im e ----------------------------Incentive_______________ S ew ers, hand (a ll w o m e n )-------------------T im e ___________________ Incentive____________ — Sewing m achine o p e r a t o r s , s ection system ( a ll w o m e n )_________ ___ Incentive_______________ T h rea d tr im m e r s (cle a n e r s ) (a ll w om en )_ Incentive_______________ W ork d istrib u tors (126 w om en and Num ber of w ork ers re ce ivin g straigh t- tim e hourly earnings ofN um - A v e rage $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 hourly f T o o $ 1.10 $1720 of and and w o rk ings 1 under $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.20 $2.40 $ 2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 over 33 $ 2 .6 4 69 528 365 163 420 299 1. 34 1.93 1.81 2. 19 1.91 1.81 2. 15 1 108 2.0 2 66 1.82 2. 33 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 2. 27 1.91 2.83 _ - - 129 33 1.39 1. 37 1.48 _ _ 3 ,385 139 3 ,246 1.89 1.49 1.91 2 470 427 43 1. 37 1. 31 1. 90 _ _ 133 1.46 12 1 42 36 22 14 162 1 2 - 2 2 _ 2 _ _ - 1 8 4 4 7 4 3 1 2 11 3 24 18 11 5 34 26 6 6 8 23 18 5 7 17 2 10 5 4 3 7 17 1 - 2 1 1 _ " 2 _ " _ - 1 4 118 1 1 3 106 12 23 19 4 7 3 4 43 _ 43 70 4 555 58 497 192 15 177 25 25 “ 372 366 - 10 8 2 - 5 8 _ 2 1 66 16 1 18 5 13 16 5 11 2 - 2 _ - - - 4 2 4 316 37 279 29 28 6 49 - 2 5 3 12 2 10 ? 5 5 4 7 9 - _ 57 36 32 4 25 23 _ 97 88 9 93 87 6 4 1 3 12 12 167 147 20 138 123 15 29 24 5 60 37 23 45 27 18 15 22 10 - 5 6 " 5 5 - 5 5 - 1 1 1 2 1 1 303 7 296 239 234 233 232 4 228 2 6 4 1 2 6 17 14 21 6 12 4 2 1 6 5 7 3 4 1 - 5 - - 1 22 16 6 6 15 15 9 16 6 6 9 - 1 - - 1 6 - 3 9 5 - - 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 - - 1 1 2 - - 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 2 - 1 - 1 1 2 - - - - _ 1 1 1 2 “ - - _ - 1 1 5 " - 264 4 260 194 151 64 52 35 14 10 10 _ 2 1 1 _ 2 234 399 4 395 194 151 64 52 35 14 10 10 - 2 1 1 ” 2 3 2 4 5 3 5 4 3 2 4 5 3 5 14 1 - 4 6 - 1 Excludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holid ays, and late shifts. Insufficient data to w arrant presentation o f separate averages by method o f wage payment; all o r predom inantly tim ew ork ers. 2 Table 10. Occupational Earnings: Los Angeles—Long Beach (N um ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w o rk e rs in se le cte d occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' d re ss m anufacturing establishm ents, A p ril 1963) O ccupation and se x Cutters and m a rk ers 12 a /-. M en 2 a / -----------------------W om en 2 a / ____________ In s p e c to r s, final (ex a m in e r s ) (89 w om en and 6 m en )2 a / ----------------------P r e s s e r s , hand __________ T im e — Incentive_____ W om en --------------T im e _________ Incentive_____ M enT im e Incentive-. S ew ers, hand (a ll w om en) — T im e ------------Incentive______________ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , section system (a ll w om en )2 b / -------------Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) system (2 ,2 7 3 w om en and 15 m en)-----T im e ---------------------------Incentive______________ T h read tr im m e r s (cle a n e r s ) (a ll w o m e n ). T im e ---------------------------In ce n tiv e W ork distrib u tors (a ll w om en )2 a / — Number o f w ork ers receivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnirlgS ofNum - A v e r age $ 1.16 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3-80 $4.00 $4.20 $4 .40|$4. Zo ber hourly of and w o rk - e a rn ings 1 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 e rs 316 $3. 15 3. 18 295 21 2.71 95 427 66 361 365 56 309 62 10 1.6 6 2 . 28 1 . 88 2. 2. 1. 2. 3. 2. 3. 35 15 69 23 07 93 10 1 1 - 4 14 3 11 14 3 11 “ 7 8 2 6 8 2 6 ~ 7 27 5 22 27 5 22 - 11 53 14 39 53 14 39 _ " " “ “ “ ■ 9 11 21 18 7 18 7 6 20 1 7 14 4 11 19 10 10 4 6 10 4 6 _ 5 16 20 5 15 1 16 3 13 16 3 13 _ 24 34 2,288 90 2 , 198 2 . 09 60 106 135 112 8 158 2. 31 2 .0 8 60 106 135 104 158 140 4 136 173 213 180 33 1.27 1.26 1. 34 87 73 14 62 56 26 21 22 5 5 4 8 6 2 1 1 6 17 4 - 8 1.46 “ 1 3 - _ 4 _ _ 7 5 " - 10 8 - 8 2 22 2 20 18 18 4 22 22 22 4 18 9 9 13 4 9 13 13 9 ~ 9 4 4 47 47 54 7 47 36 3 33 18 4 14 8 “ 24 24 24 24 " - 8 8 - 8 1 - 1 1 “ 1 ~ 2 10 11 17 6 10 10 11 21 27 8 14 18 15 16 12 26 6 7 7 6 - 149 4 145 128 118 113 155 6 21 107 134 50 50 138 9 129 157 7 150 92 92 7 93 55 55 18 18 2 11 107 89 7 82 100 2 126 1 - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - “ 2 " ■ ” ‘ " “ 173 31 2 10 1 12 8 1 45 45 11 5 28 57 13 98 87 10 8 18 18 4 14 18 4 14 - 24 24 - 16 52 1 30 30 4 26 3 23 11 1.84 429 - 2 12 8 " 22 16 10 - 6 29 8 75 37 38 14 4 4 4 “ 40 25 15 " 1 60 33 27 3 13 13 13 13 - 16 10 6 2 2 25 28 9 19 1. 53 1.79 - 2 " 45 30 15 1.6 6 19 27 49 33 507 247 260 2 20 1 51 44 36 52 16 7 9 “ 1 " - - - 2 ' 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Insu fficient data to w arrant presen tation o f separate averages by m ethod o f wage paym ent; ^ . . . . . (a) all o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) a ll o r predom inantly incentive w o rk e rs . Table 11. Occupational Earnings: Newark and Jersey City (Number and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w o rk e rs in se le cte d occupations in w o m e n 's and m is s e s ' d r e s s m anufacturing establishm ents, M arch 1963) O ccupation and s e x C utters and m a rk e rs (a ll m e n ) ______________ T i m e ________________ In sp ectors, fin a l (exam< in ers) (91 w om en and 4 m e n ) 2 a / ------------------P r e s s e r s , hand ________ T i m e _____________ Incentive__________ W om en _______________ Incentive _________ M en __________________ I n c e n t iv e ------------Sew ers, hand (a ll women) — ------------T i m e ________________ I n c e n t iv e ____________ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , s e c tio n system (a ll w om en) __________ T i m e ________________ Incentive_____________ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) system (a ll w om en) 2 b / ___________ T hread t r im m e r s (cle a n e r s ) (a ll w om en ) 2 a / ___________ Num ber o f w o rk e rs r e ce iv in g straight-itim e hourly earnings of— N um - A v e r age $1.70 $1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $ 2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 hourly $I7To fO o " $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 of and w o rk - e a rn - under " “ “ ~ “ “ mgs ers $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 over 7 9 3 9 9 3 3 2 2 10 10 2 8 8 8 2 44 24 20 - _ 24 24 20 20 8 8 24 4 16 20 12 12 8 8 8 36 26 $3.26 3.28 95 350 46 304 216 194 134 4 110 1.46 3.38 2.91 3.45 2.78 2.87 4.33 4.47 317 194 123 _ _ _ _ 27 9 12 9 9 9 8 2 26 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 1 2 27 16 7 11 9 14 7 8 12 3 14 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 11 11 11 11 9 6 8 1 8 8 8 3 3 3 - 12 6 6 6 6 - 2 12 12 12 2 - _ 4 4 4 _ _ 13 13 13 11 7 7 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ " - - - 28 3 15 _ 2 16 11 _ 2 20 10 - - 18 3 13 ~ “ 1 1 - 3 3 _ - 7 4 4 3 3 2 12 2 198 55 79 74 124 130 36 94 111 48 74 26 85 2 1 53 78 18 32 42 66 50 80 66 39 7 14 4 4 4 2 2 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 _ _ - - - - - 1.63 1.42 1.97 10 10 - 40 100 100 - 32 26 27 20 20 21 6 1,938 538 1,400 2.05 1.47 2.28 79 69 10 76 38 38 213 179 34 96 43 53 858 2.33 4 2 20 249 1.35 29 38 110 6 _ 27 _ 6 6 14 8 - - - - - - - 16 4 7 20 - 4 4 4 100 8 72 80 53 80 no 80 8 2 - - - - 92 64 78 53 80 no 80 56 42 42 54 56 44 44 _ 10 8 8 2 2 16 1 20 - “ “ _ - 36 52 _ _ - 36 4 4 32 32 52 16 16 3 36 36 _ - - - - - - - - - 69 4 65 47 16 22 10 12 12 4 12 - - - - - - - - 47 16 22 10 12 12 4 12 42 46 18 10 12 8 - - 4 E xclu des prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. Insufficien t data to w arrant presentation o f separate averages by m ethod o f wage paym ent; (a) a ll o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) a ll o r W ork ers w e re distribu ted as fo llo w s : 6 at $4.60 to $4.80; 8 at $5 to $5.20; 4 at $ 5.40 to $5.60; and 18 at $6 and o v e r. 3 1 predom inantly incentive w ork ers. Table 12. Occupational Earnings: New York City—All Shops CO (N um ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s 1 of w o rk e rs in s e le cte d occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' dress m anufacturing establishm ents, M arch 1963) O ccupation and sex Cutters and m a rk ers (3, 740 m en and 5 w om en) 2 a / __ __ __ In sp ectors, final (ex a m iner s) 2 a / ___ __ _________ W om en 2 a / _______ _______ P r e s s e r s , h an d. T im e __ _ Men __ __ __ _ Number o f w ork ers re ce ivin g straigh t- time hourly earnirigs o fNum - A v e rber age $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.80 $ 2.00 $ 2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 hourly of and and w o rk - e a rn ings ers $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.80 $ 2.00 $ 2.20 $2.40 $ 2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 over 3,745 $3.38 1,055 3,118 366 81 285 1.72 1.71 2.14 4.55 2.51 4.66 4.70 3.16 4.75 3.22 1.63 3.67 78 5,149 571 4,578 5,108 567 4,541 41 5.77 1.80 1.70 1.81 1.79 1.69 1.80 3.01 2,324 580 1,744 2,268 560 1,708 56 2.20 24,326 791 23,535 22,889 787 1,0 16 39 3,594 191 3,403 3,228 110 Incen tiv e_____ ______ T im e . _ _ In cen tiv e__ _ _________ P r e s s e r s , m achine (all men) 2 b / __ __ __ __ S ew ers, hand______________ T im e ___________ ______ In cen tiv e__ _____ __ W om en T im e Incen tiv e_______ _____ Men 2 b / __________________ Sewing m achine o p e r a tors, section s y s t e m ___ T im e ____ ____________ Incentive ___ W om en . _ T im e In cen tiv e_______ ______ Men 2 b /_ _________________ Sewing m achine o p e r a tors, singlehand (ta ilor) s y s t e m . __ __ T im e , In cen tiv e_____________ W o m en _ _____ T im e _______ __ TnreriH v e _ Mpn 2 h / Thread tr im m e r s (cle a n e r s ) (1,6 33 w om en and 8 m en)— ---- — T im e ____________________ W ork distrib u tors 2 a / ___ _ ^af 22 ,10 2 1,437 1,641 1,614 160 144 16 12 12 94 94 82 82 105 105 1 133 133 _ _ • 19 19 191 19 _ - - - - - _ 19 19 _ 19 19 _ _ - _ _ _ - 515 28 487 515 28 487 - 343 - 1 1 - 8 8 16 896 _ _ _ 129 393 548 828 20 _ 757 27 1.42 1.42 1.56 1.52 94 94 - 116 116 723 723 64 64 305 286 12 8 4 8 784 327 152 88 82 6 18 23 8 8 - - - - - - ~ ~ ■ ■ ■ " 26 8 8 18 170 97 60 176 319 733 50 50 176 155 319 307 144 140 75 67 189 149 346 324 4 4 154 180 22 109 - 713 8 149 40 324 20 140 4 67 8 209 16 193 205 16 189 4 109 85 79 179 4 175 179 4 175 - 346 10 170 154 173 4 169 153 4 149 189 12 200 12 75 12 6 8 184 4 180 184 4 180 - 144 20 20 - 4 8 40 22 4 - 20 “ - 12 8 ■ - “ 1 ~ - ■ ■ 18 4 “ 8 _ 1 1 _ _ 4 4 - - 1 - - 4 32 20 12 8 10 40 155 307 10 21 12 16 18 10 21 12 - 8 16 32 93 98 49 56 44 12 12 2 - 93 93 98 86 49 49 56 56 44 40 12 12 12 12 2 2 _ 93 86 12 49 “ 56 40 4 12 12 2 - - 113 4 109 109 90 24 ' - 28 2 12 4 - - ~ 8 24 24 _ - 28 2 2 12 12 4 4 _ - _ - - 8 8 109 4 2295 109 2186 2135 109 138 130 136 471 8 60 234 271 56 215 23 4 202 4 8 12 8 197 128 12 2 8 ~ 16 " 24 53 53 16 24 16 22 88 2 53 16 22 2 24 - 20 8 2 12 4 - - - 8 1550 95 1455 1454 95 1359 96 1075 42 1033 994 40 954 81 755 45 710 670 670 309 19 238 238 202 36 36 42 42 620 210 2 12 16 12 - - 620 148 148 54 49 49 33 - 25 25 43 568 144 114 114 60 60 54 28 28 6 11 492 492 436 436 56 33 2 12 16 12 16 26 13 20 30 90 88 " 53 20 20 - ' 2491 2205 1815 143 56 91 2435 2062 1724 2401 210 1 1702 143 56 91 2345 1958 16 11 104 113 90 2026 160 - 50 290 269 19 250 40 - 210 28 - 202 - - 143 143 24 24 124 124 36 28 8 8 8 8 - 4 _ _ 8 _ 4 128 120 12 67 18 24 197 209 111 24 12 733 109 109 3 713 16 221 111 479 582 8 188 192 - 10 8 2 249 40 209 249 40 209 2488 77 2411 2424 77 2347 64 548 _ 548 548 112 1079 - 210 8 202 206 2076 2661 82 32 2044 2579 1993 2601 32 82 1961 2519 83 60 413 _ 413 393 28 84 959 8 8 303 47 256 299 47 252 4 836 _ 836 828 129 _ 129 129 327 • 896 111 120 - 590 784 _ 784 757 2.49 2.63 2.48 2.44 2.63 2.44 3.17 16 111 785 90 26 32 28 84 “ 16 327 343 1 47 28 19 52 32 32 294 ■ _ 18 8 316 136 180 313 136 177 3 112 _ 26 4 4 _ 24 316 136 180 316 136 180 * 69 40 29 69 40 29 ■ _ 4 4 _ 64 24 40 32 24 134 44 90 134 44 90 ” 81 48 33 81 48 33 “ _ 12 16 120 12 785 " 20 12 8 20 12 8 1.86 22 8 132 1 406 52 354 406 52 354 12 12 163 159 4 28 684 69 615 684 69 615 " 347 47 300 346 47 299 476 82 394 476 82 3 94 - 1.79 2.33 2.19 1.77 2.33 2.63 245 241 4 30 _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay f o r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Insufficient data to w arrant presen tation of separate averages by method of w age paym ent; (a) all o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all or predom inantly incentive w ork ers. 3 W orkers w e re distribu ted as fo llo w s : 40 at $5.60 to $5.80; 112 at $5.80 to $6 ; 96 at $6 to $6.20; 21 at $6.20 to $6.40; 166 at $6.40 to $6.60; 21 at $6.60 to $7; and 257 at $7 and over. Tabic 13. Occupational Earnings: New York City—Regular Shops (Num ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly e a rn in gs2 o f w o rk e rs in s e le cte d occupations in w om en ’ s and m is s e s ' d re s s m anufacturing establishm ents, M arch 1963) Number o f w o rk e rs re ce ivin g straigh t- tim e hourly earnings ofA v e rage $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1730 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.80 $ 2.00 $ 2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $ 5 ^ 5 hourly of and w o rk - e arn - under $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.80 $ 2.00 $ 2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 over Num- O ccupation and sex Cutters and m ark ers (3 ,4 1 3 m en and 5 w om en )3 a / ------------------In s p e cto rs, "linal (e x a m in e r s )3 a / — W om en 3 a / ------------------M en 3 a / _______________ P r e s s e r s , hand _________ T im e _______________ Incentive___________ M e n -----------------------------T im e ----------------------Incentive----------------W om en ------------------------T im e ----------------------P r e s s e r s , m achine (a ll m en )3 b / ____________ S ew ers, hand (1 ,0 4 3 w om en and 24 m en)____ T im e __________________ Incentive______________ Sewing m achine o p e r ators , singlehand (ta ilor) s y s t e m ________ T im e _______________ Incentive___________ W om en -----------------------T im e_______________ Incentive___________ Men 3 b / _______________ T h rea d trim m e rs (cle a n e r s ) (a ll w om en )3 a / --------------------W ork distrib u tors (32 w om en and 8 m en )3 a / ---------------------- 3,418 554 562 26 536 53 35 1.83 1.81 2. 14 4 .6 0 2. 70 4 .8 1 4 .7 4 3. 59 4. 80 3.07 2 .04 558 519 39 615 61 1 $3. 37 _ 32 32 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - - - - " " - 65 31 _ 26 26 46 46 63 63 _ - _ 1 1 - 1 1 42 6.96 1,067 272 795 2 .04 1.93 2.08 2 - - - 12 2 65 31 4, 141 368 3,773 3,643 364 3,279 498 2.93 2.82 2. 94 2.82 2.81 2.83 3.68 44 16 27 - - _ 44 - 16 27 281 1.46 - 12 40 1.65 - 55 - - 118 4 18 18 _ - 18 18 158 47 43 78 37 41 20 18 109 _ _ - - 44 44 16 27 27 20 20 16 _ - 122 - 18 18 111 - 109 109 _ - 73 61 12 8 - 8 8 - - 8 - - 158 18 140 230 269 26 243 253 26 227 321 37 284 309 37 272 16 12 - 111 119 - - 20 “ 18 - 109 " 126 36 34 47 18 8 8 8 - 16 t 4 - - - 107 103 4 92 935 1009 712 257 132 _ 8 8 _ > _ - 8 8 16 12 10 31 18 24 76 - 8 10 10 31 31 6 12 24 4 20 - 4 - - 10 - 47 28 19 26 26 8 8 _ - 71 _ - 4 16 80 24 4 66 6 18 _ _ _ 52 4 48 52 4 48 12 23 - - - - - - 12 23 10 28 146 - - 18 18 30 - - - - 18 . 10 23 8 8 _ _ _ _ 36 30 28 4146 - - 18 24 24 76 76 - 31 6 12 24 4 24 76 20 4 16 20 - - - - - - - - 16 8 - - - - - - - 33 34 13 12 12 2 _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 4 " 4 24 34 20 20 20 24 4 - - - - - - 12 12 23 23 10 10 36 18 30 30 28 28 - 4 4 8 8 8 8 79 39 40 75 9 16 67 33 34 13 9 16 12 12 2 ■ “ “ " 1 359 377 368 35 333 315 35 280 53 445 85 360 413 85 328 32 428 35 393 392 35 357 36 329 26 303 284 24 260 45 231 37 194 167 35 132 64 178 158 134 19 115 118 19 99 87 83 26 29 19 16 16 - 359 341 - 341 18 - 8 68 309 349 68 281 28 - 178 156 - - 158 146 - 156 146 22 12 - 87 71 - 71 - 83 53 - - 26 4 29 22 8 - 146 146 - - - - - 19 8 24 3 _ 8 34 4 - - 3 5 8 16 4 30 1 - - - - 53 30 4 22 22 1 7 18 4 Includes jobbing shops p erform in g som e m anufacturing operations, such as cutting and packing and shipping, in addition to regular (inside) shops. E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holid ays, and late shifts. Insufficien t data to w arrant presentation o f separate averages by m ethod o f wage payment; (a) all o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all or predom inantly incentive w ork ers. W ork ers w ere d istributed as follow s: 24 at $ 5. 60 to $ 5. 80; 8 at $ 5. 80 to $ 6 ; 16 at $ 6 to $ 6 . 20; 20 at $ 6 . 20 to $ 6 . 40; 18 at $ 6 .4 0 to $ 6 . 60; 8 at $ 6 .6 0 to $ 7 ; and 52 at $ 7 and over. to o Table 14. Occupational Earnings: New York City—Contract Shops (N um ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w o rk e rs in se le cte d occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' d ress m anufacturing establishm ents, M arch 1963) O ccupation and sex Cutters and m a rk ers (all men) 2 a / In s p e cto rs, fin a l (e x a m P r e s s e r s , hand T im e _________________ Incentive Men T im e — . _ — ............. Incentive _ „ W o m e n _________ ________ Incentive S ew ers, hand (4, 065 w om en and 17 m en )______ T im e Incentive _ __ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , s e ctio n s y s t e m ___ Incentive - ------- -------W o m e n -------------- -----------Incentive M en 2 b /„ _ _ Sewing m achine o p e r ate r s, singlehand (ta ilor) s y s t e m ----------------Incen tiv e___— _____ In c e n tiv e _ _ T hread t r im m e r s (cle a n e rs ) (1 ,3 5 2 w om en and 8 m en)________ T im e _ ________ W ork distrib u tors ( 1 1 2 w om en and 8 men) 2 a / ________________ Number o f w ork ers re ceivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— Num« A v e r age $ 1.10 $ 1 . 2 0 ' $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.80 $ 2.00 $ 2.20 $2.40 $ 2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5^(5 ber hourly of and and w o rk e a rn under ings 1 ers $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.80 $ 2.00 $ 2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 o v e r 327 $3.46 497 2,979 130 2,849 84 2,582 313 267 1.60 4.54 2.42 4.63 4.69 3.02 4.74 3.24 3.57 4,082 299 3,783 2,066 1,654 70 _ _ _ _ _ 59 _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 4 4 4 19 _ 19 - _ - _ _ _ - 8 8 24 1.73 1.49 1.75 474 82 392 341 52 289 484 ' 28 456 288 4 284 269 259 2.18 2.30 2.17 2.29 2.63 20 8 20 8 69 29 69 29 - 112 - 81 33 81 33 - 20,185 19,762 19,246 18,823 939 2.40 2.39 2.37 2.37 85 85 85 85 397 397 377 377 2.90 - 20 521 521 521 521 - 1,360 1,333 1.41 1.41 94 94 104 104 120 1.52 12 2,666 2,0 10 1,6 18 56 19 19 _ _ 62 19 19 123 56 28 56 _ _ _ _ 12 12 4 8 12 16 59 56 24 32 24 24 44 12 32 20 12 8 2 - 2 _ _ _ 19 28 24 70 72 70 20 8 16 160 160 144 144 66 12 42 4 38 32 4 28 152 152 131 131 243 243 231 231 180 164 149 149 129 129 10 10 21 21 12 12 160 160 160 160 - 8 8 20 20 127 127 127 127 - 54 48 12 8 172 172 8 - - - - 132 132 128 128 4 4 52 52 44 44 310 310 306 306 4 4 179 8 8 179 179 139 139 40 40 16 163 175 16 159 4 4 587 81 587 81 81 3 567 81 567 20 20 - 16 32 32 24 24 2 2 16 36 18 18 738 64 674 526 51 475 360 360 224 135 60 64 36 47 28 - - - - - 8 - - - - 8 216 135 60 64 36 47 28 - - - - - 8 - - - - - 134 90 134 90 - 264 176 264 176 - 268 180 265 177 3 260 232 237 213 23 205 189 205 189 - 211 120 120 105 78 78 76 76 39 39 39 39 - 8 8 8 8 18 18 16 16 20 20 20 20 28 28 2 2 2 2 12 12 12 12 2 - - - 4 4 4 4 - - - ~ 8 8 8 8 - - 764 764 737 737 27 818 818 810 810 1967 1935 1884 1852 83 2392 2167 2132 2336 2127 2076 2348 2115 2060 2292 2075 2004 44 52 72 746 730 710 694 36 524 516 444 436 80 492 492 464 464 28 334 334 175 175 151 151 24 151 151 139 139 119 119 95 95 24 88 88 20 20 11 11 9 9 17 17 9 9 12 12 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 “ 597 597 269 250 94 86 96 96 106 106 56 4 8 8 32 84 112 84 - 10 8 16 195 199 195 118 118 101 101 101 12 2 4 1828 1753 1752 1677 76 1447 1391 1387 1331 1850 1826 1722 1698 60 128 2 1122 1062 1062 1002 60 290 290 44 20 20 8 12 56 56 32 9 1 1 8 - " - 1 E xcludes p rem iu m pay f o r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Insufficien t data to w arrant presen tation of separate averages by method of w age paym ent; (a) all o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) a ll o r predom inantly incentive w ork ers . 3 W ork ers w e re distributed as fo llo w s : 16 at $5.60 to $5.80; 104 at $5.80 to $6 ; 80 at $6 to $6.20; 1 at $6.20 to $6.40; 148 at $6.40 to $6.60; 13 at $6.60 to $7; and 205 at $7 and over. Table 15. Occupational Earnings: Paterson—Clifton—Passaic (Number and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 of w ork ers in se le cte d occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' d r e s s m anufacturing establishm ents, M arch 1963) O ccupation and sex C utters and m a rk ers (9 m en and 2 w om en) 2 a /. In sp ectors, fin a l (e x a m in ers) (a ll w om en) 2 a / __ P r e s s e r s , hand (161 m en and 3 w o m e n )___________ I n c e n tiv e _______________ S ew ers, hand (164 w om en and 4 m en)______ T i m e ___________________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , s ection system (a ll w om en) 2 b /__________ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) system (941 w om en and 4 m en) 2 b / _ Thread tr im m e r s (cle a n e r s ) (a ll w om en) 2 a / ______________ Number o f w ork ers re ce ivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— N um - A v e rage $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $ X 20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 p 7 5 o hourly $ 1.10 W J o w n o $1.40 of and w o rk and ings 1 undei $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1,50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $ 2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 over 11 2 $3.51 - 4 _ _ 11 2 l 6 - 2 3 - 2 1 _ _ 25 1.59 164 153 4.59 4.74 - - - - - 168 55 113 1.63 1.48 1.71 _ 10 16 4 26 18 20 12 8 3 17 388 2.40 945 94 - - - 3 - - _ 6 1 _ - 33 - - - - - - - - - - - - _ 2 _ 6 6 _ 2 2 _ _ 4 129 - “ - 5 - - - - - 4 4 - 6 6 " - 4 4 11 - 9 3 1 2 5 6 _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ 11 11 6 1 2 5 6 - " - 3 “ " “ ■ 2 ■ “ - - 6 3 24 10 12 11 - 14 3 _ _ " 10 43 24 19 1 3 3 9 12 15 20 35 17 28 24 23 26 24 22 24 10 6 30 16 6 - 1 2.29 2 8 10 21 36 53 64 36 52 116 67 66 42 32 57 70 52 31 51 23 13 5 5 1.39 6 7 48 11 11 10 - 126 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, h olid ays, and late shifts. Insufficien t data to w arrant presentation o f separate averages by method o f w age payment; (a) a ll o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) a ll or predom inantly incentive w ork ers. A ll w o rk e rs w e re at $ 6 .4 0 to $6.60. W ork ers w ere d istributed as fo llo w s : 3 at $3.80 to $4; 7 at $ 4 to $4.20; 12 at $4.20 to $4.40; 13 at $4.40 to $4.60; 12 at $4.60 to $4.80; 16 at $4.80 to $5; and 66 at $5 and o v er. Table 16. Occupational Earnings: to to Philadelphia (N um ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w ork ers in se le cte d occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s d ress m anufacturing establishm ents, A p ril 1963) O ccupation and sex Cutters and m ark ers (a ll m en )2 a / _____________ In s p e c to r s, final (exa m in ers) (a ll w om en )2 a / ____ P r e s s e r s , hand ___________ T im e _________________ Incentive_____________ W o m e n __________________ T im e _________________ Incentive-------------------M en 2 b / -------------------------S ew ers, hand (a ll w o m e n )---------------------Incentive------------------------Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , s ection system ( 2 , 116 w om en and T im e ____________________ Incentive________________ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) system (a ll w om en )2 b / ___________ T h read tr im m e r s (cle a n e r s ) (a ll w om en )2 a / ----------------------W ork distrib u tors (17 w om en and 4 m en )2 a / ------------------------- Number o f w ork ers re ceivin g straigh t- tim e hourly earnings ofN um - A v e r age ber $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 p 7 5 o hourly of and and w o rk - e a rn - under m gs 1 ers $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 over 197 $3. 17 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 321 34 287 286 34 252 35 1 . 51 2 . 28 1 . 62 2 . 36 2 ., 13 1 .,62 2 ., 19 201 86 1 ., 56 1 .,43 1 ., 66 2 2 " 2 1,955 1 .,91 1 .,46 1 ., 95 49 17 32 46' 5 41 288 2 .. 14 18 153 1 ..46 21 1 ..44 115 2, 117 162 1 78 1 4 1 1 3 4 - 8 11 1 3 _ 1 1 3 11 3 8 25 35 19 16 35 19 16 12 12 1 11 12 1 11 4 15 2 13 15 2 13 2 2 25 4 24 _ 23 2 22 1 22 24 23 2 22 1 22 21 25 4 21 _ 19 18 16 4 4 2 4 2 1 3 ■ 3 17 14 17 12 25 15 7 7 4 6 - 2 1 - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 3 1 4 - - 6 2 4 7 7 18 17 - 17 17 7 2 1 - 25 25 12 - - - 39 39 18 - - 1 64 64 15 4 - - 93 93 10 110 - - 49 49 92 92 20 3 1 3 72 72 70 - " - 10 89 89 71 4 1 " 3 1 106 3 103 20 2 1 " 1 2 18 1 “ 3 5 126 18 3 “ 5 128 6 1 1 8 3 - 1 2 1 2 2 16 6 24 1 129 15 181 - 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. Insufficient data to w arrant presen tation o f separate averages by method o f wage payment; - 1 1 22 2 6 131 196 6 _ 1 3 - 13 184 15 169 177 171 140 18 4 7 4 - 1 1 26 3 11 10 11 25 4 22 3 22 16 24 5 328 78 250 14 1 22 6 6 6 1 122 11 2 1 13 13 7 37 4 33 25 1 11 26 26 8 1 25 3 59 45 14 14 10 22 3 25 25 3.,56 2 - 7 - 6 1 1 - 56 - 3 25 1 18 19 2 - 89 - 13 - 4 40 26 1 - (a) a ll o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all or predom inantly incentive w ork ers Table 17. Occupational Earnings: St. Louis (Number and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w ork ers in se le cte d occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' d r e s s m anufacturing establishm ents, M arch 1963) Num - A v e r O ccupation and sex Cutters and m a rk e rs (a ll m en )123a / -------------------------In s p e cto rs, fin a l (exam in ers) (a ll w o m e n )--------------------------P r e s s e r s , han d 2 b / ___________ W o m e n --------------------------------Incentive_______ —_______ Men 2 b / ____________________ P r e s s e r s , m achine (9 w om en and 1 m an) 2 b / -----------------------S ew ers, h an dball w o m e n )____ T im e ________________________ Incentive________— -------------Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , s e c tio n system (a ll w om en )2 b / ___________________ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) system (a ll w om en) 2 b / ---------------------T h rea d tr im m e r s (cle a n e rs ) (a ll w o m e n )_____ ___— — ____ Incentive___________________ W ork d istrib u tors (a ll w om en )2 a / ______________ Numbe r o f w o rk e rs re ce ivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 fTTSo of hourly w o rk - earn - Under and and $1.30 under iugo e is $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $ 2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $ 2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 over 90 $ 2 83 47 41 138 1 55 _ - " “ 7 7 4 4 4 - 1 _ - 3 3 _ 95 1 .,85 1 .,64 34 15 10 81 68 - 3 21 15 9 921 .95 *■ 1 76 36 180 207 2 ., 19 - - - 44 \ m,72 _ 18 21 - 5 23 1 .,40 2 ., 01 6 - 1 16 2 2 60 1 .,44 34 9 10 121 116 17 10 1.,48 2 .,32 2 . 22 2 . 25 3. 02 61 7 _ - - 1 1 1 29 28 1 1 1 - 18 18 13 " 5 5 _ 6 6 6 _ - 2 1 - - - - - - _ 21 20 20 9 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 8 8 2 2 2 4 4 6 4 " 2 5 5 5 " 5 5 5 - 1 1 1 2 2 _ 16 6 _ _ _ 2 2 2 _ 1 1 1 - _ _ _ . _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - 11 6 6 35 12 4 - 13 - 3 - - “ “ _ _ _ _ 9 3 5 7 8 1 1 1 1 9 5 7 8 ' * 1 1 85 59 81 55 63 53 49 43 19 16 18 16 13 13 9 3 4 14 20 13 18 21 17 15 19 9 16 8 4 4 6 6 4 6 3 1 - 2 ! 2 3 2 _ 1 4 _ 1 2 _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ . 1 2 3 2 - 1 4 - 1 2 - - 2 - -- - - - - 4 3 - _ 1 2 4 3 7 7 7 “ " 2 2 1 ' 1 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holid ays, and late shifts. 2 Insufficien t data to w arrant presentation o f separate averages by m ethod o f wage paym ent; (a) a ll o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) a ll o r predom inantly incentive w ork ers. 3 W ork ers w e re d istributed as follow s: 1 at $ 3. 60 to $ 3. 70; 2 at $ 4 to $ 4 . 10; 1 at $ 4 . 90 to $ 5; and 1 at $ 5. 60 to $ 5. 70. (S3 00 Table 18. Occupational Earnings: (S3 Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton (Num ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w o rk e rs in s elected occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' dress manufacturing establishm ents, A p ril 1963) O ccupation and sex Cutters and m a rk ers (76 m en and 4 w om en)____ T im e In sp ectors, fin a l (exa m in ers) (a ll wom en) 2 a / ____ P r e s s e r s . hand T im e __________________ Incen tiv e______________ Number o f w ork ers receivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— N um - A v e r age $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 P 3 i r ber hourly of and w o rk - e a rn m gs 1 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $ 2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 ov er ers 80 74 69 505 38 467 452 37 415 53 Timft TnrfinHve _ ......... M#»n 2 h / S ew ers, hand 168 (a ll w om en ).. __ __ __ 71 T im e _____________________ Tnrftntivft 97 Sewing m achine o p e r a tors, section system ____ 4, 231 T im e _____ 259 In cen tiv e______________ 3, 972 W o m e n _____ _____________ 4, 214 T i m e __________________ 259 Incen tiv e__ __ __ __ 3, 955 17 M en 2 b / ___________________ T hread tr im m e r s 450 (clea n ers ) (a ll w om e n )____ T im e ___________________ 367 83 Incen tiv e_________________ 102 W ork d istrib u tors 2 a / ______ 81 W om en 2 a / __ _____________ 21 Men 2 a /______ ___ _______ _ $2.45 2.19 _ _ 4 4 _ 5 5 1.39 7 5 5 _ 5 5 _ _ 6 10 22 24 33 8 21 6 10 1.48 1.35 1.57 6 6 _ 88 1.78 1.36 1.81 1.78 1.36 1.81 1.78 131 31 127 53 74 127 53 74 “ 742 89 653 740 89 651 69 69 - 8 6 6 3 3 2.22 1.37 2.29 2.19 1.37 2.26 2.53 1.36 1.33 1.52 1.49 1.45 1.62 _ 100 131 31 100 - 4 4 6 _ 7 1 51 15 36 48 15 33 3 12 21 _ 36 36 33 33 3 18 34 19 34 31 18 14 31 31 17 35 31 21 _ 18 4 24 _ 13 5 31 3 13 5 31 - 17 4 31 4 23 - 30 15 15 11 9 6 3 7 3 2 3 11 9 6 3 7 3 2 3 480 45 435 479 45 434 336 4 332 334 4 330 319 313 272 272 266 266 205 202 199 203 1 2 6 2 143 143 143 143 “ 137 137 136 136 2 398 30 368 395 30 365 3 278 251 27 17 17 39 23 16 23 15 31 40 30 - - 8 10 11 20 319 319 - 312 313 1 6 197 4 - 23 24 6 18 4 35 22 1 21 1 18 21 13 13 - 9 4 4 31 10 10 18 13 50 38 4 22 - 2 2 24 24 _ 22 3 3 10 10 18 21 21 1 1 10 10 - 23 23 12 21 2 2 1 1 - 21 33 1 1 3 3 3 3 - 202 202 - 202 319 “ 312 11 6 3 8 - 2 5 3 3 3 5 5 8 1 1 - 2 1 1 1 - - “ 1 1 3 3 3 3 11 25 3 - 3 3 11 11 25 17 3 - 11 - 15 9 13 8 9 9 15 9 9 13 13 8 6 9 - 10 9 - 13 - 6 2 3 10 5 8 2 - - “ - - 17 38 “ 1 no no 63 63 63 63 ' " 3 - - no no - 61 61 51 51 51 51 38 38 38 38 - - - 61 61 19 19 19 19 12 10 29 29 29 29 10 10 12 15 15 15 15 10 “ ~ “ “ - 12 12 - - - 11 2 5 ~ 5 5 5 ■ ■ “ 2 - 2 2 - - 11 11 * 11 1 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay f o r o v ertim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Insufficient data to w arrant presen tation of separate averages by method of wage paym ent; (a) all o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all o r predom inantly incentive w ork ers. 3 W ork ers w ere distributed as fo llo w s : 5 at $3.70 to $3.80; and 3 at $3.80 to $3.90. Tabic 19. Scheduled Weekly Hours (P ercen t of production w o rk e rs in w o m e n 's and m is s e s ' d re ss m anufacturing establishm ents b y scheduled w eekly hours, 1 12 se le cte d a re a s , M archr-April 1963) Boston W eekly hours T otal — ........ ...........................— Under 35 hours_________ __ _________ 35 hours O ver 35 and under 37l /2 h ou rs_____ 37 V 2 h o u r s _________________________ O ver 37 V 2 and under 40 h o u rs------40 h ours _ 100 Chicago Cleveland D allas 100 100 100 . 86 _ 7 . 2 89 3 - 88 _ (3) 8 10 - 1 13 - 4 89 L os F a ll R iver Newark A n g e le s and and New B ed ford Long B each J e r s e y City 100 100 ~ New Y ork City A ll shops Regular shops 2 C ontract shops P a terson — C lifto n P a ss a ic P h ila delphia St. Louis W ilkesB a rre-; Hazleton 100 100 100 100 . 13 1 - _ _ 97 _ 98 - - - - - - (?) (3) (3) 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 3 7 “ “ “ 86 89 11 2 100 100 100 100 100 97 _ 93 _ 100 - _ 100 _ 100 - - 1 Data re la te to the predom inant w ork schedule of fu ll-tim e d a y -sh ift w o rk e rs in each establishm ent. 2 Includes jobbing shops p erform in g som e manufacturing operation s, such as cutting and packing and shipping, in addition to regular (inside) shops. 3 L e s s than 0.5 p ercen t. N OTE: B eca u se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal 100 percent. Table 20. Paid Holidays (P aid holiday p ro v isio n s fo r w ork ers c o v e r e d by International L a d ie s' Garment W ork ers' Union a g r e e m e n ts 1 in w om en 's and m is s e s ' dress m anufacturing establishm ents, 12 se le cte d a re a s, M arch—A p ril 1963) Method o f com puting pay fo r p iec e w o r k e r s Num ber of holidays annually A re a B o s to n __ 5 d a y s .3 Paym ents w e re ba sed on c r a ft m inim um w ages. Chicago.. 5 days in "cotton d r e s s " shops; 4 days in "s ilk d r e s s " shops. Paym ents in "co tto n d r e s s " shops based on th eir earnings in the previous 1 to 3 m onths. In " s ilk d r e s s " shops, paym ents w ere prora ted accordin g to the num ber of days w ork ed in the holid ay w eek, except each w ork er rec e iv e d at least o n e-h alf d a y 's pay whether o r not he w ork ed in the holid ay w eek; pay m ents in these shops w e re based on earnings in the p reviou s calendar year. Cleveland 4 days. Paym ents w e re ba sed on th eir average h ou rly earnings in the p reviou s 3 months. D allas______ ________________ 5 days. Data not available. F a ll R iv er and New B ed for 6V 2 days. Paym ents ranged fr o m $10 to $12, a ccord in g to cra ft. L os A n geles—Long Beach 6 days to tim ew ork ers; 5 days to p ie ce w o rk e rs . Paym ents ranged fr o m $8.05 to $12.95, a ccord in g to cra ft. N ewark and J e r s e y C ity __ 6V 2 days. Paym ents ranged fro m $10 to $12, accord in g to cra ft. New Y ork C ity.____________ 6V 2 days. Paym ents ranged fr o m $14 to $18, accord in g to cra ft. P a ter s o n -C lift o n -P a s saic_. 6V 2 days. P h ila d e lp h ia ____________ 5 days, if the shop w orks b e fo re o r after the holiday. St. L o u is _____ __________ 6 days . 3 Paym ents w e re ba sed on th eir earnings in the p rev iou s year. Wilke s - B ar r e-H azleton 6V 2 days. Paym ents ranged fr o m $10 to $12, accord in g to c ra ft. Paym ents ranged fr o m $10 to $12, accord in g to c ra ft. in the holiday w eek o r the w eek Paym ents w e re based on th eir earnings in the p rev iou s calendar quarter. 1 T h ese agreem en ts w e re in e ffe c t in shops em ploying m o re than nine-tenths o f the production w o rk e rs in F a ll R iver and New B ed ford , New Y ork City, Patersonr-Clifton—P a ssa ic, P h iladelphia, St. L ou is, and W ilk e s -B a rr e —Hazleton, and m ore than fo u r -fifth s in each of the other a re a s except D allas and L os A n geles—Long B each w here the prop ortion s w ere about one-tenth. 2 4, 5 V 2 , and 6 days in 3 shops. 3 5 days in 1 shop. to Tabic 21. Health, Welfare, and Vacation Benefits On (Health, w e lfa r e , and vacation benefits provision s fo r w ork ers co v e r e d by International L a d ie s ' G arment W o r k e r s ' Union agreem ents d re ss m anufacturing establishm ents, 12 se le cte d a r e a s , M arch—A p ril 1963) Em ployer contributions 12 A re a V acation benefits 3 in w om en 's and m is s e s ' Other benefits 4 l /z percent (5 percent in 3 shops). 2 percen t o f a w o r k e r 's earnings in the previou s c a l endar y e a r. 1 percent to health center f u n d ; in " c o t t o n d r e s s " shops, 1 percent fo r health insurance; in "s ilk d r e s s " shops, 1 percent to health fund. 1 w eek 's pay after 1 ye a r and 2 w e e k s ' pay after 5 D iagn ostic and m ed ica l s e r v ic e s at the union health center; y e a rs in "cotton d r e s s " shops; 1 w e e k 's pay after 1 year in "cotton d r e s s " shops, insurance c o v e r e d h ospital, s u r in " s ilk d r e s s " shops with paym ents prorated after 6 g ica l and s ick benefits; in "s ilk d r e s s " shops, health fund m onths; p ie c e w o r k e r s ' pay based on earnings in the 20 provided h ospital, su r g ica l, ey e g la s s , and s ick benefits. w eeks precedin g June 1. 2 percent. 2 percen t o f a w o rk e r's earnings in the previous y e a r, after 1 year o f em ploym ent; 4 percen t after 2 years (in 1 establishm ent, 1 w eek after 1 year and 2 weeks after 5 y e a r s , with p ie c e w o r k e r s ' pay based on the previou s qu arterly co v e ra g e earnings). D isability, s u rg ica l, m aternity, ey e g la s s , and death b en e fits; a ls o , s e r v ic e s at the union health cen ter. D a l la s 3 percent. 1 w e e k 's pay after 1 y ear and 2 w eeks after 5 years. L ife , hospitalization, su r g ica l, m e d ica l, and sick n ess and accident insurance. F a ll R iv er and New B e d fo r d ___________________ 5 percent. 2 percent o f a w o r k e r 's earnings in the p revious ye a r. (W ork ers in establishm ents m aking cotton d r e s s e s r e ce iv e d an additional w e e k 's vacation pay after 5 y e a r s ' em ploym ent, paid d ir e ctly by the e m p lo y e r .) D isability, hospital, su r g ica l, e y e g la s s , tu b ercu losis, blood tran sfu sion , anesthesia, an cilla ry, and death ben e fits; a ls o, s e r v ic e s at the union health cen ter. L os A n geles—Long B e a c h _______________________ 6 p ercen t. 4 paym ents o f w elfare benefits' tow ard vacations a y e a r, each equal to 4 p ercen t o f the w o rk e r's earnings in the previou s calendar quarter. D isability, h ospital, s u r g ica l, m aternity, e y eg la s s , and death ben efits; a ls o , s e r v ic e s at the union health cen ter. N ewark and J e r s e y C ity 5 p ercen t. Ranged fro m $60 to $78, a cco rd in g to c ra ft. H ospital, d o c t o r 's c a r e , s u rg ica l, m aternity, e y eg la ss, anesthesia, and death benefits; a ls o, s e r v ic e s at the union health cen ter. E m ployers pay full c o s t , including w o r k e r s ' contribu tions, to provide disability benefits under the New J e r s e y D isability B enefits Law. 5 percent. Ranged fro m $60 to $80, a ccord in g to c ra ft. H ospital, d o c t o r 's c a r e , su r g ica l, m aternity, d iagnostic, la b o ra tory , s p e c ia lis t's s e r v ic e , X - r a y , anesthesia, e y e g la s s , and death ben efits. E m ployers pay full c o s t, in cluding w o r k e r s ' con tribu tions, to p rovide d isability ben e fits under the New Y ork State D isability B enefits Law. P a terson —Clifton—P a s s a ic ______________________ 5 percent. Ranged fro m $60 to $78, a ccord in g to c ra ft. H ospital, d o c t o r 's c a r e , s u r g ica l, m aternity, ey eg la ss, anesthesia, and death ben efits. E m ployers pay full c ost, including w o r k e r s ' contribu tions, to p rovide d isability benefits under the New J e r s e y D isability B enefits Law. P h ila d elp h ia . _______ 6 Vz percent. 4 .4 percen t o f a w o rk e r's earnings in the previous c a l endar y e a r. D isability, hospital, s u r g ica l, m aternity, and death ben e fits; a ls o , s e r v ic e s and lo w -p r ic e d drugs at the union health cen ter. St.. T.oiii s 3 percent. 1 w e e k 's pay after 1 ye a r (p rora ted after 8 months but le s s than J year) and 2 w eeks alter 5 y e a r s ; p ie c e w o r k e r s ' pay based on earnings in the previou s ye a r. D isability, h osp ital, s u r g i c a l , tu b e rcu lo s is , m ental illn e s s , and death benefits; a ls o, s e r v ic e s at the union health center (w ork ers in 1 establishm ent w ere r e fe r r e d to lo c a l d octors fo r m ed ica l treatm ent instead o f health cen ter s e r v ic e s ). Tw o fir m s also paid part o f the co s t o f life and accid en tal death and d ism em berm ent insurance. W ilk e s -B a r re—H a zle to n ________________________ 5 percent. 2 percen t o f a w o rk e r's earnings in the previou s ye a r. D isability, h ospital, su r g ica l, e y eg la s s , tu b ercu losis, blood transfusion, anesthesia, and death benefits; a ls o, s e r v ic e s at the union health cen ter. N ew _ _____ Y ork C A t y ______ ____________ Sick, hospital, s u r g ica l, m aternity, ey e g la s s , and death benefits; a ls o , s e r v ic e s at the union health cen ter. 1 See footnote 1 , table 20. 2 E m ployer contribu tions to the fund fr o m which benefits w ere provided w e re based on p a y ro lls fo r w o rk e rs c o v e r e d by union agreem ents. 3 V acation benefits paid fro m union fund in all areas except C hicago, C leveland, D allas, and St. L ou is; in these areas w o rk e rs re c e iv e d vacation pay d ir e ctly fro m their em p loy ers. Table 22. Retirement Plans (R etirem en t pro visio n s fo r w ork ers c o v e r e d by International Ladies' Garment W ork ers' Union a g r e e m e n ts 1 in w om en 's and m is s e s ' dress manufacturing establishm ents, 12 s e le cte d are a s, M arch—A p ril 1963) Em ployer contributions 2 3 percen t (2 percent in 3 establishm ents). B enefits to qualified w o r k e r s 3 $50 a month at age 65 and a $500 lum p-su m death benefit; w om en m ay r e tire between ages 62 and 65 with a proportion ate benefit reduction fo r each year p r io r to age 65. Chi cag o_................. ....... — 2 V 2 p ercent in "cotton d r e s s " shops; 4 p ercen t in $45 a month at age 65 in "co tto n d r e s s " shops; $50 a month at age 65 in " s ilk d r e s s " "s ilk d r e s s " shops. shops. C levela n d ------------------------------- 3 l /z D allas________________________ 2 percent. F a ll R iv e r and New B ed ford 2 percent (3V2 percent in establishm ents w orking $50 a month at age 65 and a $500 lum p-su m death benefit; w om en m ay re tir e between ages fo r New Yo^rk City jo b b e r s ). 62 and 65 with a p roportion ate benefit reduction fo r each year p r io r to age 65. percent. $500 a year at age 65 and a $500 lu m p-su m death benefit. Data not available. L os A n geles—Long B e a c h ___ 2 percent. $50 a month at age 65 and a $500 lu m p-su m death benefit. Newark and J e r s e y C ity ____ 3x/2 percent. $50 a month at age 65 and a $500 lu m p-su m death benefit; w om en m ay re tir e between ages 62 2 nd 65 with a proportion ate benefit reduction fo r each y ear p r io r to age 65. New Y ork City, 3 V 2 percent. $50 a month at age 65 and a $500 lu m p-su m death benefit; w om en m ay re tir e between ages 62 and 65 with a proportion ate benefit reduction fo r each y ear p r io r to age 65. P a ter son—Clifton—P a s saic. 3 V 2 percent. $50 a month at age 65 and a $500 lu m p-su m death benefit. P h ila d e lp h ia ______________ 3 percent. $50 a month at age 65 and a $500 lu m p-su m death benefit; w om en m ay re tir e between ages 62 and 65 with a p roportion ate benefit reduction fo r each year p r io r to age 65. St. L o u is ------------------------ 3 p ercent (2 percent in 3 establishm ents). $50 a m onth at age 65 and a $500 lu m p-su m death benefit. Wilk e s - B ar r e—Haz leton 3 l /z percent. 1 See footnote 1, table 20. 2 See footn ote 2, table 21. 3 O ther than b en efits available under F ed era l o ld -a g e , $50 a month at age 65 and a $500 lu m p-su m death benefit; w om en m ay re tir e between ages 62 and 65 with a proportion ate benefit reduction fo r each year p r io r to age 65. su rvivo rs, and disability insurance. to Appendix A: Scope and Method of Survey Scope of Survey The survey included establish m en ts p rim a rily engaged in m anufacturing w om en's, m is s e s ', and ju n io rs' d r e s s e s , other than h o u se d resse s (part of industry 2335 a s defined in the 1957 edition of the Standard" Industrial C la ssifica tio n Manual, p rep ared by the U.S. Bureau of the Budget). In addition to regu lar (inside) and contract shops, jobbing shops, which perform ed som e m anufacturing operation such a s cutting, finishing, packing, and shipping, w ere a lso included. The establish m en ts studied w ere selected from those employing eight or m ore w orkers at the tim e of referen ce of the data used in compiling the universe lists. The number of establish m en ts and w orkers actually studied by the B ureau, a s well a s the number estim ated to be in the industry during the payroll period studied, a re shown in the following table: Estimated number of establishments and workers within scope of women's and misses' dress manufacturing industry survey and number studied, 12 selected areas, March— April i963 Workers in establishments Number of establishments 2 Area1 Boston------------------------------------------Chicago----------------------------------------Cleveland-------------------------------------Dallas------------------------------------------Fall River and New Bedford---------------Los Angeles-Long Beach--------------------Newark and Jersey C ity---------------------New York C ity -------------------------------Regular shops 4 ---------------------------Contract shops----------------------------Paterson-Clifton-Passaic--------------------Philadelphia — ............................................ St. Louis--------------------------------------Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton----------------------Total---------------- ---------------------- Payroll period March 1963 March 1963 March 1963 March 1963 March 1963 April 1963 March 1963 March 1963 March 1963 March 1963 March 1963 April 1963 March 1963 April 1963 Within scope of study Studied 43 60 7 39 59 159 110 1,863 861 1,002 65 81 26 120 2,632 Within scope of study Studied Total3 Production workers Total 29 32 7 22 31 51 34 238 109 129 28 33 23 40 2,355 3,388 819 3,161 5,899 6,734 4,903 65,220 28,382 36,838 2,137 4,947 2,587 7,581 2,073 2,753 723 2,650 5,560 5,812 4,492 53,171 18,183 34,988 2,001 4, 323 2,240 7,110 1,928 2,583 819 2,266 3,795 3,110 2,092 11,635 5,675 5,960 1,028 2,937 2,404 3,096 568 109,731 92,908 37,693 1 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the Bureau of the Budget, except: Chicago (Cook County); New York City (the 5 boroughs); and Philadelphia (Philadelphia and Delaware Counties, Pa., and Camden County, N .J.). The Fall River and New Bedford and Newark and Jersey City areas are combinations of Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas. 2 Includes only establishments with 8 or more workers at the time of reference of the universe data. Includes executive, professional, office, and other workers excluded from the production workers category shown. Includes jobbers performing some manufacturing operations, in addition to regular (inside) shops. Method of Study Data w ere obtained by person al v isits of Bureau field econ om ists, under the d i rection of the B u reau 's A ssista n t Regional D irecto rs for Wages and Industrial R elations. The survey w as conducted on a sam ple b a s is . To obtain appropriate accu racy at minimum cost, a g reater proportion of larg e than of sm all establish m en ts w as studied. In combining the data, however, all establish m en ts w ere given their appropriate weight. All estim ates are presen ted, th erefore, as relatin g to all establish m en ts in the industry in the a r e a s , excluding only those below the minimum size at the time of referen ce of the universe data. 29 30 Establish m en t Definition An establish m ent, for purposes of this study, is defined a s a single physical lo c a tion where in d u strial operations are perform ed. An establish m en t is not n e c e ssa rily identical with the company, which m ay co n sist of one or m ore establish m en ts. Employment The e stim ates of the number of w orkers within the scope of the study are intended as a gen eral guide to the size and com position of the labor fo rce included in the survey. The advance planning n e c e ssa ry to m ake a wage survey re q u ires the use of lis t s of e sta b lishm ents asse m b le d con siderably in advance of the payroll period studied. Production W orkers The term "production w o r k e r s ," a s used in this bulletin, includes working forem en and a ll n on supervisory w orkers engaged in nonoffice functions. A dm in istrative, executive, p ro fe ssio n al, and force-accou n t construction em ployees, who w ere utilized as a sep arate work force on the fir m 's own p ro p e rtie s, w ere excluded. Occupations Selected for Study The occupational c lassific atio n w as b ased on a uniform set of job d escriptio n s de signed to take account of inter establishm ent and in tera rea variation s in duties within the sam e job. (See appendix B for these job d escriptio n s.) The occupations w ere chosen for their n um erical im portance, their u sefu ln ess in collective bargaining, or their re p re se n ta tiv en ess of the entire job sca le in the industry. Working su p e rv iso rs, appren tices, le a rn e rs, begin n ers, tra in e es, handicapped, p art-tim e, tem porary, and probationary w orkers w ere not reported in the selected occupations but w ere included in the data for all production w orkers. Wage Data The wage inform ation r e la te s to average straigh t-tim e hourly earn in gs, excluding prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts. Incentive paym ents such as those resu ltin g from piecew ork or production bonus sy stem s and co st-o fliving bonuses, w ere included as p art of the w ork ers' regu lar pay; but nonproduction bonus paym ents, such as C h ristm as or yearend bonuses, w ere excluded. The hourly earnings of s a la rie d w orkers w ere obtained by dividing straigh t-tim e sa la ry by norm al rath er than actual h o u rs.9 Establish m en t P r a c tic e s and Supplem entary Wage P ro v isio n s Weekly H ours. Data re fer to the predom inant work schedule for full-tim e production w orkers employed on the day shift. Supplem entary Benefits Supplem entary benefits are presen ted in term s of the p rovision s of the collective bargaining agreem en ts with the International L a d ie s' Garm ent W orkers' Union, which w ere in effect in establish m en ts employing about nine-tenths of the w orkers in the 12 a r e a s . Data for nonunion establish m en ts are a lso briefly sum m arized. 9 Average hourly rates or earnings for each occupation or other group of workers, such as men, women, or production workers, were obtained by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving the rate. Appendix B: Occupational Descriptions The p rim ary purpose of preparin g job d escription s for the B u rea u 's wage surveys is to a s s is t its field staff in classify in g into appropriate occupations w orkers who are employed under a v ariety of payroll titles and dif ferent work arran gem en ts from establishm ent to e sta b lish ment and from a r e a to area . This perm its the grouping of occupational wage ra te s represen tin g com parable job content. B ecau se of this em ph asis on inter establishm ent and in terarea com parability of occupational content, the B u reau 's job descrip tion s m ay differ significantly from those in use in individual establish m en ts or those p r e p ared for other p u rp o ses. In applying these job d e sc rip tions, the B u reau 's field econom ists are instructed to exclude working su p e rv iso rs, appren tices, le a rn e rs, b e ginners, train e es, handicapped, p art-tim e, tem porary, and probationary w orkers. CUTTER AND MARKER M arks the outlines of various garm ent p arts on a ply of fa b ric s and cuts out p arts with sh e a rs, hand knife, or powered cutting m achine. May sp re ad or lay up cloth on cut ting table. W orkers who sp ecialize in cutting or in m arking and w orkers engaged in m arking and cutting linings and trim m in gs are included. Sp ecialized m ark e rs using p erforated pattern s, and m arking by use of talcum , are excluded as are all w orkers who sp ecialize in spreading cloth. INSPECTOR, FIN A L (EXAMINER) E xam in es and in sp ects completed garm ents prio r to p re ssin g or shipping. Work involves determ ining whether the garm ents conform to shop stan dards of quality, and m arking defects such a s dropped stitch es, bad se a m s, etc. May make m inor r e p a irs. In many shops m anufacturing inexpensive garm ents there w ill be no in spectors fallin g within this c la s s if i cation; in those shops whatever inspection is c a rrie d on is usually perform ed by thread trim m e rs, who m ay only casu ally inspect garm ents and a re , th erefore, excluded. P R E SSE R P e rfo rm s p re ssin g operations (finish or under) on garm en ts or garm ent p arts by m eans of handpressing iron an d/or powered p r e s s or m angle. F o r wage study p u rp o ses, p r e s s e r s are c la ssifie d by type of p re ssin g equipment, a s follow s: P r e s s e r , hand P r e s s e r , machine P r e s s e r , hand and machine W orkers are c la ssifie d a s " p r e s s e r s , hand and m achine" when sizab le proportions of their work are perform ed by each of the two m ethods. Otherw ise, the predom inant type of p re ssin g is the determ ining factor in classificatio n . 31 32 SEW ER, HAND (FINISHER) (Bench w orker) P e rfo rm s sewing operations by hand including sewing on buttons, making buttonholes, stitching ed ges, and closing openings that have been left by vario u s hand and machine o p e ra tions. W orkers who sp ecialize in sewing tickets or lab els a re excluded. SEWING MACHINE OPERATOR, SECTION SYSTEM U ses a standard or sp ecial purpose sewing machine to p erform the sewing operations requ ired in making p a rts of garm en ts, joining p a rts m ade by oth ers, joining vario u s sections together, or in attaching p reviously com pleted p a rts to p a rtia lly com pleted garm en ts, but does not construct the entire garm ent. In shops that operate entirely on a section (or bundle) sy stem this c lassific atio n would include all sewing machine op erators (except buttonhole m ak ers and button sew ers) without any differentiation of op erators by type of m achine or operation perform ed. In shops that operate partly on a section system , this c lassific atio n would include all op erators who do not construct an entire garm ent. SEWING MACHINE OPERATOR, SINGLEHAND (TAILOR) SYSTEM P e rfo rm s all the standard sewing machine operations involved in the m anufacture of a com plete garm ent. Work involves assem b lin g and joining a ll p a rts of the garm ent except those added by fin ish e rs. Is usually an experienced operator working on better grade apparel in which the v ariety of design is so great and style changes so frequent as to prevent the econom ical use of a section system . W orkers, employed in sin glehan d-system shops, who pair up and work as a team and divide work tickets equally are included. This arrangem ent is inform al, in con trast to the section system , in which ra te s a re estab lish ed for individual operations. THREAD TRIMMER (CLEANER) (Clipper) T rim s loose thread ends, basting threads and seam edges of garm en ts with s c is s o r s p rio r to p re ssin g or packing. W orkers who a lso carefully exam ine and inspect garm ents are c la ssifie d a s in sp ecto rs, final. WORK DISTRIBUTOR C a r r ie s or trucks garm ents in vario u s sta g e s of completion to the w orker who is to p erform the next operation on garm ent. May e x e rc ise som e d iscretio n in distributing w ork, but has no su p e rv iso ry re sp o n sib ilities. INDUSTRY WAGE STUDIES The m o st re ce n t r e p o r ts f o r in d u strie s in clu d ed in the B u re a u 's p r o g r a m o f in d u stry w age su rv e y s s in c e January 1950 a re lis te d b e lo w . T h ose fo r w hich a p r ic e is show n a re a v a ila b le fr o m the Superintendent o f D ocu m en ts, U. S. G o v ern m en t P rin tin g O ffic e , W ashington, D. C. , 20402, o r any o f its re g io n a l sa le s o f f i c e s . T h o se f o r w h ich a p r ic e is not shown m ay be obtain ed fr e e as long as a supply is a v a ila b le , fr o m the B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tis tics , W ashington, D. C . , 20210, o r f r o m any o f the r e g io n a l o f f ic e s shown on the in sid e b a ck c o v e r . I. Occupational Wage Studies Manufacturing B a sic Iro n and S teel, 1962. BLS B u lletin 1358 (30 ce n ts ). Candy and O ther C o n fe c tio n e r y P r o d u c ts , I960. BLS R e p o rt 195. ^Canning and F r e e z in g , 1957. BLS R e p o rt 136. C ig a r M an u factu rin g, 1961. BLS B u lletin 1317 (30 c e n ts). C ig a re tte M a n u factu rin g, I9 6 0 . BLS R e p o rt 167. C otton T e x t ile s , I9 6 0 . BLS R e p o rt 184. D is tille d L iq u o r s , 1952. S e r ie s 2, N o. 88. F a b r ic a te d S tru ctu ra l S teel, 1957. BLS R e p o rt 123. F e r t i li z e r M an u factu rin g, 1962. BLS B u lletin 1362 (40 ce n ts ). F lo u r and O ther G ra in M ill P r o d u c ts , 1961. BLS B u lletin 1337 (30 c e n ts ). F lu id M ilk In du stry, I96 0. BLS R e p o rt 174. F o o tw e a r , 1962. BLS B u lletin 1360 (45 c e n ts ). H o s ie r y , 1962. BLS B u lletin 1349 (45 c e n ts ). In d u stria l C h e m ic a ls , 1955. BLS R e p o rt 103. Iro n and S teel F o u n d r ie s , 1962. BLS B u lletin 1386 (40 c e n ts ). L ea th e r Tanning and F in ish in g , 1963. BLS B u lletin 1378 (40 c e n ts ). M a ch in e ry M an u factu rin g, 1962. BLS B ulletin 1352 (40 c e n ts ). M e n 's and B o y s ' S h irts (E x cep t W ork S h irts) and N igh tw ear, 1961. BLS B u lletin 1323 (40 c e n ts ). M e n 's and B o y s ' Suits and C oa ts, 1958. BLS R e p o rt 140. M is c e lla n e o u s P la s t ic s P r o d u c ts , I9 6 0 . BLS R e p o rt 168. M is c e lla n e o u s T e x t ile s , 1953. BLS R e p o rt 56. M o to r V e h ic le s and M o to r V e h ic le P a r ts , 1957. BLS R e p o rt 128. N o n fe rro u s F o u n d r ie s , I9 6 0 . BLS R e p o rt 180. P ain ts and V a r n is h e s , 1961. BLS B u lletin 1318 (30 ce n ts ). P e tr o le u m R efin in g , 1959. BLS R e p o rt 158. P r e s s e d o r B low n G la ss and G la s s w a re , I96 0. BLS R e p o rt 177. ^ P r o c e s s e d W aste, 1957. BLS R e p o rt 124. Pulp, P a p e r, and P a p e rb o a r d M ills , 1962. BLS B u lletin 1341 (40 ce n ts ). * Studies o f the effects o f the $1 minimum wage* I. Occupational Wage Studies— Continued Manufacturing— Continued R a d io , T e le v is io n , and R ela ted P ro d u cts , 1951. S e r ie s 2, N o. 84. R a ilr o a d C a r s , 1952. S e r ie s 2, N o. 86. ❖ Raw Sugar, 1957. BLS R e p o rt 136. Southern S a w m ills and P laning M ills , 1962. BLS B u lletin 1361 (30 ce n ts ). S tru ctu ra l C lay P r o d u c ts , I96 0. BLS R e p o rt 172. Synthetic F ib e r s , 1958. BLS R e p o rt 143. Synthetic T e x t ile s , I96 0. BLS R e p o rt 192. T e x tile D yeing and F in ish in g , 1961. BLS B u lletin 1311 (35 ce n ts ). ❖ T ob a cco Stem m ing and R e d ry in g , 1957. BLS R e p o rt 136. W est C oa st Saw m illin g, 1959. BLS R ep ort 156. W om en*s and M isses* C oats and Suits, 1962. BLS B u lletin 1371 (25 c e n ts ). W o m e n 's and M is s e s ' D r e s s e s , I96 0. BLS R e p o rt 193. W ood H ou seh old F u rn itu re , E x cep t U p h olstered , 1962. BLS B u lletin 1369 (40 c e n ts ). ❖ W ooden C o n ta in e rs, 1957. BLS R e p o rt 126. W ool T e x t ile s , 1962. BLS B u lletin 1372 (45 ce n ts ). W ork C loth in g, 1961. BLS B u lletin 1321 (35 c e n ts ). Nonmanufacturing Auto D e a le r R e p a ir Shops, 1958. BLS R e p o rt 141. Banking In du stry, I96 0. BLS R e p o rt 179. B itum inous C oal M ining, 1962. BLS B u lletin 1383 (45 ce n ts ). C o m m u n ica tio n s, 1961. BLS B u lletin 1343 (20 c e n ts ). C on tra ct C leaning S e r v ic e s , 1961. BLS B u lletin 1327 (25 ce n ts). C ru de P e tr o le u m and N atural G as P ro d u ctio n , I96 0. BLS R ep ort 181. D epartm en t and W o m e n 's R e a d y -to -W e a r S to re s , 1950. S e r ie s 2, N o. 78. E ating and D rinking P la c e s , 1961. BLS B u lletin 1329 (40 ce n ts ). E le c t r ic and Gas U tilitie s, 1962. BLS B ulletin 1374 (50 ce n ts ). H o sp ita ls, I9 6 0 . BLS B u lletin 1294 (50 ce n ts ). H otels and M o te ls , 1961. BLS B u lletin 1328 (30 ce n ts ). L ife In su ra n ce , 1961. BLS B u lletin 1324 (30 ce n ts ). P o w e r L a u n d ries and C leaning S e r v ic e s , 1961. BLS B u lletin 1333 (45 ce n ts ). II. Other Industry Wage Studies F a c t o r y W o r k e r s ' E arn in gs—D istrib u tion by S tra ig h t-T im e H ou rly E a rn in gs, 1958. BLS B u lletin 1252 (40 c e n ts ). F a c t o r y W o r k e r s ' E a r n in g s -S e le cte d M anufacturing In d u stries, 1959. BLS B u lletin 1275 (35 c e n ts ). R e ta il T r a d e : E m p loy ee E arn in gs in R e ta il T ra d e , June 1962 (O v e ra ll S u m m ary o f the In d u stry ). BLS B u lletin 1380 (45 ce n ts ). W ages in N on m etrop olita n A r e a s , South and N orth C en tral R e g io n s , O cto b e r I96 0. BLS R e p o rt 190. * Studies o f the effects o f the $1 minimum wage. * U .S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1964 0 — 7 2 0 - 7 2 6 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES
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