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INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits I AUGUST 1965 Bulletin No. 1508 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner y tfel INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY W om en’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits AUGUST 1965 Bulletin N o. 1508 June 1966 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR S T A T IS T IC S Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner For sale by th e S u p e rin te n d e n t o f D ocum ents, U .S . G o v e rn m e n t Printin g O ffic e , W a s h in g to n , D .C ., 2 0 4 0 2 - Price 2 5 cents Preface This bulletin summarizes the results of a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of wages and supplementary benefits in the women’ s and m is s e s ’ coat and suit industry in August 1965. Separate releases for each of the nine important manufacturing centers surveyed were issued earlier, usu ally within a few months after the payroll period studied. Copies of these releases are available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D. C. , 20212, or any of its regional offices. This study was conducted in the Bureau's Division of Occupational Pay, Toivo P. Kanninen, Chief, under the general direction of L. R. Linsenmayer, Assistant Com m issioner, Office of Wages and Industrial Relations. The analysis was prepared by George L. Stelluto, under the immediate supervision of L. Earl Lewis. Field work for the survey was directed by the Assistant Regional D irec tors for Wages and Industrial Relations. Other reports available from the Bureau’ s pro gram of industry wage studies, as well as the addresses of the Bureau’ s six regional offices, are listed at the end of this bulletin. ill Contents Page Summary------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Industry characteristics-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Area employment-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Products--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Type of shop--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Occupation and sex ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Method of wage payment------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unionization--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Average hourly earnings-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Occupational earnings---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions------------------------Scheduled weekly hours--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Paid holidays-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Health, welfare, and vacation benefits-------------------------------------------------------Severance benefits___________________________________________________________ Retirement plans-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 Tables: Earnings distribution: 1. All production workers_______________________________________________ 2. Women production workers__________________________________________ 3. Men production workers_____________________________________________ 6 7 8 Average hourly earnings: 4. Selected occupations-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 Occupational earnings: 5. Baltimore, Md-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. Chicago, 111----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. Kansas City, M o .— Kans---------------------------------------------------------------------8. Los Angeles— Long Beach, C alif-------------------------------------------------------9. New York, N. Y .— all shops-------------------------------------------------------------10. New York, N. Y .— regular and jobbing shops----------------------------------11. New York, N. Y .— contract shops----------------------------------------------------12. Newark and Jersey City, N. J -----------------------------------------------------------13. Pater son— Clifton— Pas saic, N. J--------------------------------------------------------14. Philadelphia, P a.— J _______________________________________________ N. 15. San Francisco— Oakland, Calif------------------------------------------------------------ 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: 16. Method of wage payment_____ . _______________ -______________________ _ 17. Scheduled weekly hours---------------------------------------------------------------------18. Paid holidays--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19. Health, welfare, and vacation benefits______________________________ 20. Retirement plans_____________________________________________________ 21 21 22 23 24 Appendixes: A. Scope and method of survey____________________________________________ B. Occupational descriptions----------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 27 Industry Wage Survey Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, August 1965 Summary Average straight-time hourly earnings of production workers in the women’ s and misses* coat and suit industry ranged from $2 in Kansas City to $2.92 in New York, the largest area (in terms of employment) among the nine surveyed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in August 1965. 1 Individual earnings in each area were widely dispersed, resulting from such characteristics of the industry as the extensive use of incentive wage systems and differences in the types of work performed. Sewing-machine operators accounted for a large segment of the industry’ s labor force. Singlehand-system operators typically had higher earnings than section-system operators. Machine pressers were usually highest paid of the jobs studied separately and thread trimmers were lowest paid. More than nine-tenths of the workers covered by the survey were in shops having agreements with the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. These agreements included provisions for paid holidays, paid vacations, various types of health and welfare benefits, and retirement pension plans. Industry Characteristics The nine areas included in the survey, with a combined total of about 47,000 production workers in August 1965, accounted for slightly more than half of the industry's nationwide employment. Employment in the women's suits, skirts, and coats industry in August 1965, when shops were producing fall and winter lines, was at the highest level for the year, according to the Bureau's monthly employment and earnings series. It was 12 percent above the annual average and 51 percent above April, the month of the lowest employment. Gross average hourly and weekly earnings, as well as gross average weekly hours, were also at or near an annual peak in August 1965. Area Employment. New York, the leading production center in the industry, accounted for 28, 334 production workers and the nearby areas of Newark and Jersey City and Pater son— Clifton— Passaic, an additional 10, 380. Kansas City and Los Angeles-Long Beach were the only other areas studied in which as many as 2, 000 production workers were employed in the industry. Establishments with fewer than 50 workers accounted for nearly half of the employment in the nine areas combined. A fifth of the employment was in establishments with 100 workers or more. 1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey. Earnings data in this report exclude prem ium pay overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. for 2 Products. Four-fifths of the workers in the nine areas combined were in shops primarily making coats. 2 The proportions differed, however, among the areas, as indicated below: Percent of workers in shops primarily m aking— Coats Suits Baltimore-------------------------------------------------------- -----------------C h icago---------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ 48 70 Kansas C ity---------------------------------------------------- ------------------ 100 65 52 30 35 80 16 20 Los Angeles- Long B e a c h -------------------------- -----------------New York 1---------------------------------------------------Newark and Jersey C ity---------------------------- -----------------Paterson—C lif ton-Pas s a ic 1-------------------------- -----------------P hiladelphia1 ------------------------------------------------ -----------------San F rancisco-Oakland------------------------------ ------------------ 78 68 67 16 20 33 1 Contract shops primarily making skirts for suit manufacturers or jobbers accounted for 3 percent o f the workers in New York, 6 percent in Paterson—Cl if ton— • Passaic, and 12 percent in Philadelphia. Because of rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not equal 100 percent. Type of Shop. Three types of shops were included in the survey: (1) Regular or "inside” shops, which own the materials and perform all or most of the manufacturing operations; (2) contract shops, which process materials owned (and frequently cut) by others; and (3) jobbing shops, which contract out most manufacturing operations, but may perform such functions as cutting, finishing, or packing and shipping. Contract shops accounted for more than nine-tenths of the workers in Newark and Jersey City and Pater son— Clifton— Passaic, and two-thirds in New York. Regular shops employed a large majority of the workers in the other areas. Jobbing shops were found in four areas, Los Angeles— Long Beach, New York, Pater son— Clifton— Passaic, and San Fran cisco— Oakland, but their employment was relatively small. Occupation and Sex. Sewing-machine operators accounted for at least three-tenths of the total production workers in each area and for approximately half in Newark and Jersey City. Sewing systems are of two types— the singlehand or tailor system, in which an individual performs all or most of the sewingmachine operations involved in making a complete garment; and the section system, where an operator’ s sewing is limited to a specific part or parts of a garment. About half of the operators in the two West Coast cities and nearly two-fifths in Chicago and New York were on the singlehand system; the proportions of operators on the section system were three-fourths in Baltimore and nearly all in the four remaining areas. Women accounted for a large majority of the section-system operators in all areas; most singlehand-system operators in New York and Chicago were men. Men were also predominant in the cutting arid pressing jobs in most areas. Women accounted for a large majority of the workers in all areas, with proportions ranging from seven-eighths in Kansas City to nearly three-fifths in New York. In the latter areas, men comprised nearly two-thirds of the employ ment in regular and cutting shops, compared with about a third in contract shops. The number o f coats produced during August 1965 was nearly three times as great Current Industrial Reports, Series: M 2 3 H (6 5 )-8 , U . S. Bureau of the Census. as the number of suits 3 Method of Wage Payment. Incentive pay, almost always individual piecework, applied to slightly more than two-fifths of the workers within scope of the survey. The proportions of incentive-paid workers differed among the areas, ranging from a fourth in Paterson— Clifton— Passaic to seven-tenths in Philadelphia (table 16). Workers employed as pressers and sewing-machine operators were commonly paid under incentive systems in most areas. A majority of^the time-rated workers in most areas were paid under formal systems pro viding a single rate for a given occupation. Unionization. Collective bargaining agreements with the International Ladies’ Garment Workers' Union were in effect in shops employing approximately 9 3 percent of the production workers in nine areas combined. The proportions were approximately 85 percent in Newark and Jersey City and San Francisco— Oakland and 90 percent or more in the other areas. Average Hourly Earnings Average hourly earnings for production workers in August 1965 had increased in each of the survey areas since a similar study conducted by the Bureau in August 1962. 3 The increases amounted to nearly 3 percent in Kansas City, 4 percent in Chicago and New York, almost 6 percent in Paterson— CliftonPassaic, 7 percent in Baltimore and Philadelphia, and approximately 10 percent in the 3 remaining areas. These rises in average earnings partly reflect wage adjustments (including across-the-board increases and increases in minimum wage scales for different crafts) during the 3-year period. 4 Variations in average earnings for production workers were partly due to differences in manufacturing methods and processes. New York regular (and jobbing) shops, with an average of $3. 19 an hour in August 1965, made the most extensive use of the singlehand system of sewing; singlehand operators outnumber those on the section system by 3 to 1 in these shops. The singlehand system requires more highly trained operators than are generally needed under the section system. Averages in Newark and Jersey City ($2.49) and Paterson— Clifton— Passaic ($2.25), where all sewing-machine operators were on the section system, were also influenced to some extent by the domination of contract shops manufacturing garments from materials owned and frequently cut by others. As a result, the proportion of cutters and markers, who usually receive relatively high wages, was smaller in these areas than in the others. In Kansas City and Baltimore, where three-fourths or more of the sewing-machine operators were on the section sy ste m , production workers averaged $2 and $2 . 0 2 , respectively (table 1 ), the lowest earnings levels among the areas studied. Men, as a group, averaged more than women in each area; the average wage advantages for men ranged from 22 percent in Kansas City to 61 percent in Los Angeles— Long Beach. (See tables 2 and 3.) Differences in average pay levels for men and women may be the result of several factors, including variations in the distributions of the sexes among establishments and, as pointed out in the discussion of industry characteristics, among jobs with disparate pay levels. Differences noted in averages for men and women in the same job and 3 For an account of the earlier survey, August 1962 (BLS Bulletin 1371). ~ 4 See between the New York, see Industry W age Survey: W om en 's and Misses' Coats and Suits, — ------------ “ -------- ---- ---------------------- Current W age Developm ents, Nos. 183, 187, 19 6 , 198, 199, and 203. A c o lle c tiv e bargaining agreement ILGWU and three Pennsylvania, coat and suit manufacturing and Connecticut, becam e effectiv e associations, covering 4 0 ,0 0 0 in June 1964. The 3 -y e a r workers in New Jersey, agreement provided the follow ing w age increases effective June 1, 1964: $3 to $5 a w eek for timeworkers and 5 1/2 percent for pieceworkers, as w ell as increases of craft m inim um wage scales. The agreement also provided that the union could demand wage increases for covered workers, if there is a rise in the cost of living above the M ay 15, 1964, base period. 4 area may also reflect minor differences in duties. Job descriptions used in classifying workers in wage surveys are usually more generalized than those used in individual establishments because allowance must be made for possible minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed. Also, earnings for some jobs in the industry are largely determined by production at piece rates. Variations in incentive earnings for individuals or sex groupings may be traceable to differences in work experience, work flow, or other factors which the worker may or may not control. Earnings as low as $1. 25 and as high as $5 an hour were recorded for some workers in all areas. With the exception of nearly a fourth of the workers earning between $1.60 and $1.70 an hour in Kansas City, there were no significant concentrations in the earnings arrays in any of the areas. This dispersion of individual earnings reflects the widespread use of piece-rate pay systems, and the sharply different earnings among jobs with varying degrees of skill. Occupational Earnings Ten occupational classifications, accounting for a large majority of the production workers covered by the survey, were selected to represent the types of skills and manufacturing operations in the industry. In New York, singlehand-system sewing-machine operators averaged $3.45 an hour, compared with $2.70 an hour for section-system operators. In the other three areas for which data are shown for both types of operators, singlehand-system operators held an average wage advantage of more than 50 cents an hour. Machine pressers, mostly men, had the highest averages among the selected jobs in eight areas, with averages of $5. 17 an hour in Chicago and more than $4 in four other areas including New York. Cutters and markers and workers performing both hand and machine pressing were also among the highest paid jobs studied. Thread trim m ers, nearly all women, had the lowest average earnings of the jobs studied separately in 8 of the 9 areas. Their averages ranged from $1. 35 an hour in Baltimore to $1.81 in San Francisco— Oakland. Earnings of individuals performing similar tasks also varied within the same establishment, particularly for jobs typically paid under incentive wage systems. For example, the difference between the highest and lowest paid machine pressers in the same establishment frequently amounted to more than $ 1 an hour. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Data were also obtained on work schedules and selected supplementary wage benefits for production workers. Provisions for paid holidays, health and welfare benefits, vacation pay, severance benefits, and retirement pension plans were stipulated in collective bargaining agreements with the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, which were in effect in shops employing approximately 93 percent of the production workers. 5 5 Provisions differed slightly in a few shops. Am ong the shops contacted which did not have a contract with ILGWU, form al provisions for paid holidays and vacations were c om m on , but insurance and pension plans were reported in only a few instances. * 5 Scheduled Weekly Hours. Work schedules of 35 hours a week were in effect in shops employing nine-tenths or more of the workers in six areas, three-fourths in Kansas City and in Newark and Jersey City, and nearly seveneighths in San Francisco— Oakland (table 17). A fifth of the workers in Newark and Jersey City had weekly work schedules of 40 hours, and nearly a fourth in Kansas City were scheduled to work 44 hours a week. Paid Holidays. Paid holiday provisions varied from 4 days a year in Chicago6 to T T z days in Pater son— Clifton— Passaic (table 18). In most areas, timeworkers were paid their regular rates and incentive workers were given flat amounts varying by craft. Health, Welfare, and Vacation Benefits. Health and welfare benefits in all areas and vacation payments in all areas except Chicago and Kansas City were provided from a health and welfare fund to which employers contributed specified percentages of their payrolls for workers covered by the union agree ment (table 19). The provisions included hospitalization, disability, maternity, eyeglass, and death benefits in nearly all areas and surgical and medical benefits in several areas. In Chicago and Kansas City, union health centers, which provide free medical care to union members, were maintained through employer contributions to a health center fund. Vacation payments in New York, Newark and Jersey City, and Paterson— Clifton— Passaic varied by occupation, ranging from $50 to $70. In Chicago and Kansas City, vacation benefits (paid directly by employers to workers) amounted to 1 week of pay after 1 year of service and 2 weeks after 5 years; both areas had provisions for prorating vacation pay for workers with less than 1 year of service. In the other four areas, vacation payments were determined as a percentage of the workers' annual earnings, usually with minimum and maximum payments specified. Severance Benefits. Severance benefits were provided from fund to which employers contributed one-half percent (1 percent in of their weekly payrolls for workers covered by the union contract. provides both lump-sum severance allowance and weekly supplemental ment benefits to qualified workers. a national Baltimore) This fund unemploy Retirement Plans. Retirement pension benefits (other than Federal social security) were provided through employer contributions to a retirement fund (table 20). The amounts contributed varied among the areas from 2V2 to 6 V per 2 cent of the payrolls for workers covered by the union agreements. Benefits of $65 a month were paid from the fund to qualified workers over age 65 in New York, Newark and Jersey City, and Pater son— Clifton— Passaic and $50 a month in the other areas. Totally disabled workers, in nearly all areas, might retire with full benefits at age 60. Reduced benefits for early retirement were available to workers in all areas. The fund also provided a $500 death benefit. 6 Workers in Chicago were guaranteed o n e -h a lf day's pay for each holiday; holiday week received three-fourths pay, and those working 4 days received full pay. those working 3 days in the Table 1. Earnings Distribution: All Production Workers 0) ( P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f a ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' c o a t and su it m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 9 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , A u g u st 1965) N ew Y o r k B a lt im o r e A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s ' C h ica g o $1. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er $1. 30_____________________________ ______ __ $1. 35 . ___ __ $ 1 .4 0 . _ $ 1 .4 5 _________ .... _ .. $1. 50_____________________________ 11. 1. 3. 4. 3. 2 4 5 1 3 3. 1. 2. 2. 1. $1. 50 $1. 60 $1. 70 $1. 80 $ 1 .9 0 and and and and and under under u n d er u n d er under $1. 60 _ _ $1. 70 _ _ $ 1. 80_____________________________ $ 1 .9 0 ........ . .... ... _ $2. 00 ... . .. .... _ 6. 7. 11. 7. 4. 1 8 2 2 5 5. 5 5. 1 5. 2 3 .9 3. 6 $2. $2. $2, $2. $2. 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under under under under under $2. 10_____________________________ $2. 20_____________________________ $2. 30_____________________________ $2. 4 0 _____________________________ $ 2 .5 0 _____________________________ 5. 3. 3. 3. 2. 1 3 3 3 0 4. 4. 3. 3. 2. 5 7 2 1 7 $2. $2. $2. $2. $2. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $2. $2. $2. $2. $3. 6 0 _____________________________ 7 0 _____________________________ 8 0 _____________________________ 9 0 _____________________________ 00_____________________________ 3. 3. 2. 1. 1. 3 7 7 4 8 3. 2. 3. 2. 2. $3. $3. $3. $3. $3. 00 20 40 60 80 and and and and and u n d er under under under under $3. $3. $3. $3. $4. 20_____________________________ 4 0 _____________________________ 6 0 _____________________________ 8 0 _____________________________ 0 0 _____________________________ 1. 1. 2. . . 6 6 5 8 6 $4. 00 $4. 20 $4. 40 $4. 60 $ 4 .8 0 and and and and and under under under under u n d er $4. 20_____________________________ $4. 4 0 _____________________________ $4. 6 0 _____________________________ $4. 8 0 _____________________________ $ 5 .0 0 _____________________________ 1. 0 .4 _ .4 .2 K ansas C ity A ll sh op s R e g u la r sh o p s 1 2 C o n tr a c t sh op s N e w a rk and J e r s e y C ity 6 8 5 6 5 . 1. 1. 1. . 6 0 8 8 8 1. . . . . 3 5 8 9 6 0. . 1. . . 5 3 5 3 3 1. . . 1. . 7 6 5 3 7 3. 1. 1. 1. 1. 7. 6 2 2 .6 9 .0 6. 3 5. 3 4. 4. 4. 4. 3. 8 0 2 5 7 3. 2. 3. 3. 2. 7 5 3 9 2 2. 2. 2. 3. 1. 8 0 4 9 7 4. 2. 3. 3. 2. 2 9 8 9 5 7. 8 4. 4 5. 0 4 .9 4. 0 4. 8 3 .9 3. 5 3. 2 2. 7 2. 9 4. 3 4. 7 3 .9 3. 0 4. 3. 4. 2. 3. 2 8 0 5 6 3. 2. 3. 1. 1. 7 6 0 4 9 4. 4. 4. 3. 4. 4 4 5 0 5 6. 5. 5. 3. 3. 5 5 1 8 3 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 4 6 7 5 4 4. 2. 3. 3. 2. 7 5 6 4 1 4. 2. 3. 5. 2. 2 6 3 8 7 3. 1. 2. 5. 1. 0 3 3 7 7 4. 9 3. 3 3. 9 5 .9 3. 2 4. 5 2 .9 3. 8 3. 0 2. 1 6. 4. 5. 2. 2. 3 9 4 8 5 3. 2. 1. . . 9 0 6 6 2 6. 4. 3. 1. 1. 2 0 5 7 9 7. 4. 7. 5. 4. 5 9 2 6 7 9. 4. 8. 8. 6. 1 8 9 8 7 6. 5. 6. 4. 3. 7 0 3 0 7 1. 1. . . 1. 8 3 6 6 1 . 2 . 3 . 3 . 1 (3) 2. 4. 3. 2. 2. 4 0 6 6 0 4. 2. 1. . . 0 5 8 9 8 6. 3. 2. 1. . 0 3 7 1 8 2. 2. 1. . . 9 1 2 8 8 6 7 6 7 2 4. . 2. 1. 3. L os A n g e le s L ong B e a ch 8 0 6 3 8 P aterson — C lifto n — P a s s a ic 2. 7 1. 2 .6 1. 6 .9 P h ila d e lp h ia 3. 8 1 .9 1. 7 2 .9 1. 8 San F ra n cis co — O ak land 1. 1. 1. 3. 1. 4 7 4 3 0 1 4 0 8 7 5. 6. 5. 6. 6. 6 8 2 6 8 4. 6 3. 5 3. 3 2 .9 3. 3 6. 4. 3. 3. 3. 2 3 3 7 7 4. 1 1 .9 1. 5 2. 6 1. 5 3. 2. 3. 2. 2. 5 7 0 4 1 3. 4. 3. 4. 2. 9 6 2 3 3 4 .9 3 .4 2. 5 2. 8 1. 7 3. 7 2. 5 1. 6 .9 1. 5 5. 3. 3. 2. 1. 2 1 2 8 7 4. 3. 2. 2. 1. 0 0 9 7 4 . 1. 1. . . 1. . . . . 1. 8 1 .9 .6 1. 1 .6 1. 1. . 1. . 3 1 7 1 1 6 8 2 7 7 8 2 3 7 8 11. 7. 6. 6. 5. 2 0 6 1 9 8. 6. 6. 3. 4. 7 8 4 1 8 3 5 2 5 3 11. 4. 5. 5. 2. $5. 00 and o v e r ______________________________________ .4 5. 1 . 1 5. 8 3. 8 5. 7 2. 8 3. 0 1. 8 5. 6 2. 2 T o t a l ._______________ __________________________ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ________________________________ A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s '-------------------------------------- 489 $2. 02 1, 184 $2. 64 2, 062 $2. 00 2, 142 $2. 87 2 8 ,3 3 4 $ 2 .9 2 9 , 893 $3. 19 1 8 ,4 4 1 $2. 78 6 ,7 5 6 $ 2 .4 9 3, 624 $2. 25 1 ,8 4 3 $ 2 .5 2 696 $2. 44 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 In c lu d e s jo b b in g s h o p s p e r fo r m i n g s o m e m a n u fa ctu rin g o p e r a t io n s , in a d d ition to r e g u la r (in s id e ) 3 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u al 100. shops. Table 2. Earnings Distribution: W om en Production Workers (P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f w om en p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' c o a t and suit m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 9 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , A u g u st 1965) New Y o r k A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 B a lt im o r e C h ica g o $ 1. 25 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 1. 3 0 ------------------------------------------1. 3 5 ------------------------------------------1 .4 0 ------------------------------------------1 .4 5 ------------------------------------------1 .5 0 ____________________________ 9 .2 .6 3. 6 4. 7 3 .9 4. 2. 3. 3. 1. 5 0 0 0 5 $ 1. 50 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.9 0 and and and and and under under under u n d er under $ $ $ $ $ 1 .6 0 ------------------------------------------1. 7 0 ------------------------------------------1 .8 0 ------------------------------------------1 .9 0 ____________________________ 2. 0 0 ------------------------------------------- 5 .9 10. 1 14. 8 9 .8 6. 1 7. 6. 6. 4. 4. 2 1 6 8 8 $ $ $ $ $ 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and u n d er under under u n d er under $ $ $ $ $ 2. 10------------------------------------------2. 2 0 ------------------------------------------2 . 3 0 ------------------------------------------2 .4 0 ------------------------------------------2 .5 0 ------------------------------------------- 6. 3. 3. 3. 2. 1 4 4 4 2 5. 5. 3. 3. 3. $ 2. 50 $ 2. 60 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2. 80 $ 2. 90 and and and and and under u n d er under u n d er under $ $ $ $ $ 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 5 1 .7 1. 1 1. 1 1 .4 4. 3. 4. 2. 2. $ $ $ $ $ 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 00 20 40 60 80 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 3. 20------------------------------------------3. 4 0 ____________________________ 3, 6 0 ____________________________ 3 .8 0 ------------------------------------------4 . 0 0 ____________________________ . . . . . $ $ $ $ $ 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 00 20 40 60 80 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 4. 4. 4. 4. 5. K a n sa s C ity 4. 0 .7 2. 2 1 .4 3. 3 L o s A n g e le s — L on g B e a c h A ll sh op s R e g u la r sh o p s 1 2 N ew a rk and J e r s e y C ity P a terson — C lifto n — P a s s a ic P h ila d e lp h ia San F ra n cis co — O akland .9 1 .2 2. 7 1. 2 1. 2 1. 6 . 5 .5 1 .4 .8 0. . . . . 6 6 9 7 6 6. 5. 4. 5. 5. 3 1 8 9 3 4. 8 2 .9 4. 1 4. 7 2. 9 2 8 5 3 3 4. 7 4. 1 3 .9 3. 5 3. 1 3. 5. 6. 5. 4. 9 6 4 4 0 5. 1 5. 5 5 .9 3. 6 5. 5 0 3 1 9 6 2. 1. 2. 1. 1. 6 8 0 5 6 6. 2 2. 6 3 .9 3. 5 2. 3 5. 3. 4. 7. 3. 7 7 7 7 6 5. 1. 5. 12. 3. 6 8 8 6 3 5. 4 2. 9 4. 1 1. 9 1 .9 2. 1. . . . 2 3 7 4 1 7 .4 3. 5 4. 0 1. 2 1. 1 7. 3. 4. 2. 2. 2 0 ------------------------------------------4 0 ------------------------------------------6 0 ------------------------------------------8 0 ------------------------------------------0 0 --------------------------- ------------- .6 .3 _ .3 .3 . . . . . 5 8 3 1 1 . 1 _ .2 . 1. . . . 1. 1. . . . $ 5 . 0 0 and o v e r --------------------------------------------------------- .3 . 6 . 1 .5 1. 0 1. 6 .8 1 .0 T o t a l----------------------------------------------------------------- 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s -------------------------------------------------A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1-------------------------------------- 358 $ 1. 91 858 $ 2 .2 8 1, 783 $ 1 .9 4 1 ,4 6 5 $ 2. 41 15, 668 $ 2. 57 3, 193 $ 2. 82 12, 475 $ 2 . 50 5, 202 $ 2. 31 2, 932 $ 2. 07 1 ,3 4 3 $ 2. 21 561 $ 2. 23 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 6 0 ------------------------------------------7 0 ------------------------------------------8 0 ------------------------------------------9 0 ------------------------------------------0 0 ------------------------------- ----------- 7. 24. 9. 6. 5. . 1 8 0 9 9 2 1 .8 .7 .6 1 .7 .8 4. 0 1. 2 1 .7 1. 3 2. 0 3. 7 1. 2 1 .4 3. 4 1 .4 5. 3. 4. 5. 3. 0 3 8 0 2 8. 5. 5. 5. 4. 7 2 7 6 5 12. 7. 7. 6. 6. 5 6 8 2 6 1 1 .9 5. 0 5. 7 7. 4 3. 6 3. 9 3 .9 5 .9 2. 5 4. 7 5. 5. 5. 3. 5. 4 9 9 9 7 6. 6. 5. 3. 4. 7 6 2 8 2 9. 7. 6. 3. 5. 6 8 9 5 4 5. 4. 4. 3. 4. 6 2 0 6 2 7. 1 4. 8 3 .7 4. 1 3 .9 3 6 2 8 6 5. 4. 4. 6. 3. 8 2 5 4 6 4. 3. 3. 2. 2. 5 0 8 7 3 4. 5 2. 3 1 .8 2. 0 1 .6 3. 2. 3. 2. 2. 5 8 6 8 8 3. 5. 3. 3. 2. 4 9 2 9 0 14. 3 5. 5 5. 7 3. 8 1 .7 5. 3. 3. 2. 2. 7 5 9 7 1 4. 4 2. 8 1 .9 2. 4 1. 3 2. 3 2. 2 .6 .4 . 1 5. 7 2. 3 2. 5 1 .6 1. 3 3. 2 1. 2 2. 1 1. 2 1 .2 1 2 7 3 2 1. 3 2. 1 1 .0 . 5 .4 . . . . . . . . . 1. . . . 1. . . . 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 In c lu d e s jo b b in g sh o p s p e r fo r m i n g s o m e m a n u fa ctu rin g o p e r a t io n s , in a d d itio n to r e g u la r (in s id e ) NOTE: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n ot eq u al 100. 8 1 1 3 6 C on tra ct sh op s sh op s. 1. 0 1 .0 .6 .3 . 1 6 8 8 5 5 3. 1 1 .3 .5 1 .4 .9 4 3 2 1 3. 2. 2. 3. 2. 2 5 1 7 0 3 3 5 3 1 .8 2. 1 1 .8 4. 1 1 .2 6. 7. 4. 7. 8. 6 8 8 8 2 9 0 6 0 1 1 9 2 5 .5 Table 3. Earnings Distribution: Men Production Workers 0 0 ( P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f m e n p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' c o a t and su it m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s , 1 9 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , A u g u st 1965) N ew Y o r k B a lt im o r e A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 $1. 25 $1. 30 $1. 35 $ 1 .4 0 $1. 45 and and and and and under under u n d er u n d er under $1. 30_ _ ___ __ _ ______ $1. 35____ ______ _____________ $ 1 .4 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 1 .4 5 _____________________________ $1. 50______________________________ $ 1. 50 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 and and and and and u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er u n d er $ 1 . 6 0 _____________________________ $ 1 . 7 0 _____________________________ $ 1 . 8 0 ______________________________ $ 1 . 9 0 _____________________________ $ 2. 0 0 _____________________________ $2. $2. $ 2. $2. $2. 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under u n d er under under under $ 2 .5 0 $2. 60 $2. 70 $2. 80 $2. 90 and and and and and $3. $3. $3. $3. $3. 00 20 40 60 80 $4. $4. $4. $4. $4. 00 20 40 60 80 C h ica g o K ansas C ity L os A n g e le s L ong B e a ch A ll sh o p s R e g u la r sh o p s 1 2 C o n tr a c t sh op s N e w a rk and J e r s e y C ity P aterson — C lifto n — P a s s a ic P h ila d e lp h ia San F r a n cis co — O ak la nd 2 9 5 8 3 7. 9 1. 8 3 .9 2 .9 4. 7 0. 4 _ 3. 2 - 0. 9 .4 1. 2 . 3 . 3 0. . 2. . . 3 5 1 3 2 1 .5 . 3 . 2 . 3 .4 3. 0 .4 .9 1. 0 1. 3 1. 0 .4 .7 2. 7 .7 5. . . . 1. 4 2 8 8 4 _ - 6 .9 1. 5 1. 5 - .9 2. 5 1. 5 1. 5 .6 7 .2 10. 0 3 .2 3. 2 3 .9 1. 5 1 .6 3. 0 1. 5 . 1 2 .4 2. 1 2. 2 2. 9 1 .4 2 .4 2. 3 2 .8 4. 1 1 .8 2 .4 1 .9 1 .6 1. 5 1 .0 4. 7 1 .7 2. 6 2 .4 2. 1 6. 2 4. 8 1 .6 5. 6 3. 3 8. 8 2. 8 3. 2 1 .6 .4 1. 2. 6. 1. . 5 2 7 5 7 $2. 10 ________ _____ $2. 20 _ _ _ _ _ ______ $2. 30_______ _________ _______ $ 2 .4 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ ______ __ $ 2. 50______________________________ 2. 3. 3. 3. 1. 3 1 1 1 5 2. 1. 2. 2. 1. 5 8 5 8 2 5. 2. 1. 1. . .9 1. 5 1 .0 .6 .9 3. 1. 1. 1. 1. 0 7 6 1 2 3. 6 2. 0 1. 7 .9 .6 2. 1. 1. 1. 1. 4 3 5 3 9 6. 2 3. 2 5. 4 3. 3 1 .9 5. 2. 4. 1. 2. 2. 0 1. 6 1 .4 .8 .8 2. 2. 1. 2. 3. 2 2 5 2 0 under under under under u n d er $2. 60______________________________ $ 2 .7 0 _____________________________ $2. 80_____________________________ $2. 9 0 _____________________________ $ 3. 0 0 ________________ _____________ 5. 3 9. 2 6 .9 2. 3 3. 1 2. . . 2. 1. 5 6 6 5 5 .7 .4 .4 1. 4 .4 1. 2. 3. 3. 1. 2. 1. 1. 3. 1. 4 2 7 5 6 1. 9 1. 1 .9 2. 2 .8 3. 1. 2. 5. 2. 0 3 5 0 4 4. 2. 4. 3. 1. 4 3 1 7 7 2. 7 .4 .4 4. 9 .9 3. 2. 1. 1. . 6 6 6 4 2 3. 3. 1. 9. 3. 7 0 5 6 0 and and and and and under under under under under $3. $3. $3. $3. $4. 20_____________________________ 4 0 _____________________________ 6 0 ______________________________ 8 0 _____________________________ 0 0 _____________________________ 4. 6 3. 8 6 .9 1. 5 1. 5 8. 9 10. 1 8 .9 5. 2 4. 3 14. 7 6. 5 7. 2 1 .4 1. 1 3. 5 4 .9 2. 4 2. 7 3. 5 7 .6 6. 2 10. 8 9. 0 8. 0 6 5 5 1 0 8. 8. 11. 6. 6. 7 1 3 6 9 6. 5. 4. 4. 2. 6 6 4 2 8 9. 8 3 .9 5. 9 2 .9 7. 4 3. 5. 5. 5. 2. 6 2 0 8 8 7. 4 10. 4 5 .9 8 .9 2. 2 and and and and and under under u n d er u n d er under $4. $4. $4. $4. $5. 20_____________________________ 4 0 _____________________________ 60_____________________________ 8 0 _____________________________ 0 0 _____________________________ 2. 3 .8 5. 2. 1. 1. 3. 1 .4 2. 5 1. 1 .7 - 5 .9 10. 5 9 .6 6 .4 5. 8 7. 4. 3. 1. 1. 8. 3 3. 9 3. 5 1 .4 1. 0 6. 4. 2. 2. 2. 8 3 6 0 1 1. 7 2. 6 3. 0 1. 5 1 .9 5. 1. . 2. 1. 3. 6. . 3. 2. 2 2 8 2 2 2. 2. 3. 3. . 16. 3. 3. 2. 1. 8 8 1 3 5 _ .8 1. , 1. 1. . 2 5 2 8 7 7 5 1 1 4 3 4 0 1 6 6. 4. 10. 11. 9. 6 1 1 7 5 2 6 3 3 3 3 6 4 2 7 _ - 2 2 7 0 7 $5. 00 and o v e r _______________________________________ .8 16. 9 .7 17. 3 7. 3 7. 6 6. 9 9. 6 6. 5 20. 6 8. 9 T o t a l___________________________________________ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s _________________________________ A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 __________________________ 131 $2. 34 326 $3. 59 279 $2. 36 677 $3. 88 12, 666 $3. 37 6, 700 $3. 36 5 ,9 6 6 $3. 37 1 ,5 5 4 $ 3 .0 8 692 $2. 98 500 $3. 35 135 $3. 30 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 I n clu d e s jo b b in g sh o p s p e r fo r m i n g s o m e m a n u fa ctu rin g o p e r a t io n s , in a d d itio n to r e g u la r (in s id e ) s h o p s . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq ual 100, Table 4. Average Hourly Earnings: Selected Occupations (N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' co a t and su it m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , 9 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , A u g u st 1965) B a lt im o r e O c c u p a t io n and s e x C u tte r s and m a r k e r s 3 --------------------I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l ( e x a m i n e r s ) -------W o m e n ------------------------------------------M e n ------------------------------------------------P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g 3 ------------------------P r e s s e r s , hand______________________ W o m e n ____________________________ M e n ------------------------------------------------P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e 3 ________________ P r e s s e r s , hand and m a c h in e 3 ____ S e w e r s , hand ( f i n i s h e r s ) ----------------W o m e n -------------------------------------------M e n ________________________________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s e c t io n s y s t e m _____________________ W o m e n _____________________________ M e n ________________________________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s in g le h a n d (t a ilo r ) s y s t e m -----------W o m e n _____________________________ M e n ------------------------------------------------T h r e a d t r i m m e r s ( c l e a n e r s ) 4 -------- C h ica g o N u m A v e r N u m A v e r N um A v e r ber ber age b er age age h o u r ly h o u r ly h o u r ly of of of w ork ea rn w ork ea rn w ork ea rn ers in gs ers in gs e rs in gs $2. 58 New Y o r k L os A n g e le s L on g B e a ch K an sas C ity $ 3 .4 0 1 .8 2 1 .8 2 1 .8 3 3 .4 8 2. 23 4. 50 5. 17 2. 23 2. 22 - 83 30 28 2 36 85 82 3 88 221 221 - $2. 73 1 .8 0 A ll £ :hops Num A v e r ber age of h o u r ly w ork ea rn ers in g s Num A v e r ber age of h o u r ly w ork earn ers in g s 1. 59 2. 12 2. 13 3. 11 1 .8 6 1 .8 6 - 147 $ 4 . 20 36 2. 03 32 1 .8 7 4 53 1. 77 65 3. 32 32 2. 34 33 4. 28 105 4. 81 31 4. 29 416 2. 38 404 2. 38 12 2. 50 1,506 490 107 383 921 1,382 85 1,297 1,126 540 5 ,812 5,107 705 $ 3. 90 1,307 3. 02 281 2. 38 52 3. 20 229 921 1 .8 7 3. 88 296 296 4. 23 227 4. 20 151 2. 73 2 ,1 4 6 2. 68 1,716 3. 11 430 18 11 7 20 8 68 68 - 2 .3 9 _ 2. 63 2 .7 0 1 .9 2 1 .9 2 - 73 11 11 11 51 23 28 55 211 207 4 104 102 2 1 .91 - 240 218 22 2 .7 4 2. 70 3. 12 755 752 3 2. 14 2. 14 - 354 321 33 2. 69 2. 67 - 6 ,3 6 2 5 ,352 1,010 2. 70 2. 62 3. 15 36 22 14 6 3. 00 2 .7 9 1 .3 5 143 66 77 27 3. 28 2. 83 3 .6 6 1 .4 4 25 1 .7 5 410 226 184 30 3. 46 2 .7 9 4 . 29 1 .4 3 3,797 1,291 2,5 0 6 465 3. 45 1,429 2. 98 140 3 .6 9 1,289 1 .6 0 43 26 - - - - C on tra ct sh op s Num A v e r ber a ge of h o u r ly w ork ea rn ers in g s N e w a rk and J e r s e y C ity P a terson — C lifto n — P a s s a ic P h ila d e lp h ia San F ra n cis co — O akland Num A v e r ber a ge h o u r ly of w ork ea rn ers in gs Num A v e r ber age h o u r ly of w ork ea rn ers in g s Num A v e r ber age h o u r ly of w ork ea rn er s in g s Num A v e r ber age of h o u r ly w ork ea rn ers in gs 199 $ 3 . 82 2. 87 209 2. 35 55 154 3. 05 1,086 3. 79 85 1,001 3. 99 899 3. 84 389 3 ,6 6 6 2. 58 2. 54 3,391 275 3. 06 43 $ 3. 94 2. 72 23 2. 30 6 2. 86 17 321 3. 06 _ 30 _ 291 365 4. 08 116 2. 71 2. 36 1 ,004 _ 1,000 _ 4 3. 07 2. 50 4. 06 5 ,9 1 4 5,067 847 2. 67 2. 62 2. 98 3 ,1 4 5 2 ,7 9 4 351 2. 59 2. 52 3. 09 1 ,594 1,522 72 2. 29 2. 28 2. 58 716 670 46 2 .4 3 2. 34 3. 77 _ _ _ 3. 3. 3. 1. 2 ,3 6 8 1,151 1,217 422 3. 2. 3. 1. _ 169 _ 1. 53 _ 116 _ 1. 54 _ _ 33 _ _ 1 .4 0 129 125 4 21 R eg u la r sh o p s 2 Num A v e r ber age h o u r ly of w ork ea rn ers in gs 448 285 163 $ 3. 91 3. 13 2. 40 3. 30 1 .8 7 4. 19 4. 19 5. 19 5. 12 3. 00 2 .9 6 3. 14 78 27 83 66 25 94 55 59 67 $ 4. 04 20 2. 71 _ 12 _ 8 _ 2. 62 175 64 1 .8 9 111 3. 05 205 3 .4 7 26 4. 00 443 1. 98 _ 441 _ 2 72 $ 3 .4 1 27 1. 99 1. 75 19 2. 56 8 10 1 .7 5 88 4 . 23 17 1 .9 9 4. 77 71 4. 38 98 _ _ 2. 35 245 _ 238 _ 7 49 _ _ _ 17 40 33 7 39 _ 97 97 _ $ 3 . 56 _ _ _ 1 .9 4 2 .9 1 2. 80 _ 3. 52 _ 1. 96 1. 96 _ _ _ _ 2. 22 _ _ 1 .8 1 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 2 I n clu d e s jo b b in g sh o p s p e r fo r m i n g s o m e m a n u fa ctu rin g o p e r a t io n s , in a d d itio n to r e g u la r (in s id e ) s h o p s . 3 A l l ( o r v ir t u a lly a ll) w o r k e r s in n e a r ly a ll a r e a s w e r e m en . 4 A l l ( o r v ir t u a lly a ll) w o r k e r s in n e a r ly a ll a r e a s w e r e w o m e n . NOTE: D a s h e s in d ic a t e n o data r e p o r t e d o r data that do not m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a . (0 Table 5. Occupational Earnings: Baltimore, M d.1 O (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' c o a t and suit m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , A u g u st 1965) NumO c c u p a t io n and s e x h o u r ly earn - cls A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s _____ W o m e n ____________________ M e n ________________________ N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s of- A ver- of w ork - 489 358 131 $2. 02 1 .9 1 2. 34 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 1.90 $2.0 0 $2.1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $2.7 0 $2.8 0 $2.9 0 $ 3.00 $ 3.20 $ 3.4 0 $ 3.60 $ 3.8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $4.4 0 and u n d er $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 $1.5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $1.7 0 $1.8 0 $1.90 $ 2.00 $2.1 0 $2.2 0 $ 2.3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $2.5 0 $2.6 0 $ 2.7 0 $2.8 0 $ 2.9 0 $3.0 0 $3.2 0 $3.4 0 $ 3.60 $ 3.80 $ 4.0 0 $ 4.2 0 $ 4 .4 0 o v e r 56 34 22 24 15 9 36 31 5 30 21 9 38 36 2 55 53 2 35 35 22 22 _ - _ 2 1 - _ 1 _ _ 25 22 3 16 12 4 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 16 12 4 16 12 4 2 2 1 4 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 10 8 2 16 9 7 . 8 3 5 12 3 9 4 2 2 3 1 2 5 2 3 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ " - - 18 6 12 13 4 9 7 4 3 9 5 4 8 2 6 10 _ 3 1 1 _ _ _ 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 1 5 3 2 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s and m a r k e r s (2 3 m e n and 3 w o m e n ) (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) _________ P r e s s e r s , hand______________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ M en 3 ______________________ P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e 3 _______ M en 3 ______________________ P r e s s e r s , hand and m a c h in e ( a ll m en ) ( a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) _________ S e w e r s , hand ( f in i s h e r s ) (a ll w o m e n ) _________________ T i m e ........................................... I n c e n t iv e __________________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s e c t io n s y s t e m (1 0 2 w o m e n and 2 m e n ) ________ T im e _______________________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , sin g le h a n d (t a ilo r ) s y s t e m 3 ____________________ W o m e n ! ___________________ T h rea d trim m e rs (c le a n e r s ) ( a ll w o m e n ) (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) _________ 1 3 2 26 18 14 7 20 11 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 58 39 46 72 63 98 8 1. 92 1. 74 2. 19 104 52 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ 2 2. 70 68 40 28 _ _ 1 1 _ 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 - _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ - 1 1 - - - 3 - 2 - - 1 - 1 - - - - 16 12 4 7 2 5 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 . 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ - “ 1 - 1 " 3 1 2 1 _ 3 3 - 11 7 4 1 1 - 1 1 1 " - 3 1 3 1 2 - “ 1 1 1 - 1 1 " 3 2 4 4 3 3 1 " 1 1 2 1 - - 1 1 1 - 6 4 2 1. 91 1. 87 - 1 1 9 2 6 4 9 3 18 10 17 10 13 8 8 6 5 3 5 2 36 22 3. 00 2. 79 " 1 1 " 2 2 2 2 2 “ 1 1 1 “ 6 1. 35 3 1 - 1 1 6 6 - - 1 T h e B a lt i m o r e S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a tis t ic a l A r e a c o n s is t s o f the c it y o f B a lt i m o r e , and the co u n tie s o f A n n e A r u n d e l, B a lt i m o r e , 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 3 I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m eth od o f w a g e p a y m en t; p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . 1 C a r r o ll, 1 1 1 " 1 3 1 1 1 and H ow a rd . - 1 2 1 - 2 1 3 1 Table 6. Occupational Earnings: Chicago, 111.1 (N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' c o a t and su it m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , A u g u st 1965) NumO c c u p a t io n and s e x A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s _____ W o m e n ____________________ M e n ________________________ of w ork - N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— A verage $1.25 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.6 0 $ 1.7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.90 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3.0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $3.4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $4.4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4.8 0 $5.00 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .4 0 h o u r ly and ea rn u n d er in g s 2 $ 1.30 $ 1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.7 0 $ 1.8 0 $1.9 0 $ 2.00 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2.6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3.0 0 $ 3.2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $3.6 0 $ 3.8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4.2 0 $ 4.4 0 $ 4.6 0 $ 4.8 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5.20 $5.4 0 o v e r 1, 184 858 326 $2. 64 2. 28 3. 59 43 39 4 51 43 8 46 39 7 65 62 3 60 52 8 62 57 5 46 41 5 43 41 2 109 95 14 75 58 17 74 62 12 67 63 4 60 47 13 75 46 29 58 25 33 64 35 29 33 16 17 30 16 14 21 4 17 15 7 8 7 3 4 7 1 6 13 1 12 4 1 3 5 5 73 3. 40 - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 18 19 19 5 5 4 1 - - - - - 11 1. 82 - - - 1 2 4 2 - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 51 47 1 .8 3 3. 48 3. 62 . _ 2 _ 1 _ _ 2 3 3 1 4 3 1 2 2 1 1 4 4 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 - “ 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - 2 4 3 - - _ 1 1 - - 2 2 2 _ - 2 1 1 - 11 11 28 23 4. 50 2. 23 4 _ _ _ 2 1 1 _ 11 3 1 2 1 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 " 1 1 _ " 10 2 8 10 2 8 6 1 6 27 10 4 6 10 4 6 1 6 4 24 20 4 24 20 4 5 5 1 12 5 7 12 5 7 3 6 2 18 13 5 18 13 5 1 10 3 8 5 3 8 5 3 2 21 3 18 18 1 5 3 2 5 3 2 1 25 7 18 25 7 18 2 5 3 2 5 3 2 10 10 6 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 . 2 1 5 7 _ _ _ _ 1 1 5 5 7 7 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 2 1 5 7 25 2 23 23 2 21 _ _ 2 2 12 1 11 12 1 11 3 _ _ _ _ 9 1 8 8 1 7 _ _ 8 2 6 8 2 6 - - 51 4 47 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u tte r s and m a r k e r s (a ll m en ) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) ___ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (e x a m in e r s ) ( a ll w o m e n ) (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) __________ P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g ( a ll m en ) (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ___ P r e s s e r s , ha n d______________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ M en ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _________________ W o m e n 3 _____ _____________ P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e (5 3 m e n and 2 w o m e n ) (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ___ S e w e r s , hand ( f i n i s h e r s ) ___ T i m e ___________________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ W o m e n ____________________ T im e ____________________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s e c t io n s y s t e m _____________ T i m e ____________________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ W o m e n ____________________ T i m e ___________________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ M en (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _________________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , sin g le h a n d (t a il o r ) s y s t e m ______________________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ M en (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _________________ W o m e n ____________________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ T h rea d trim m e rs (c le a n e r s ) (a ll w o m e n )____ T im e _______________________ Inc e n t iv e ___________________ 55 211 68 143 207 65 142 5. 2. 1. 2. 2. 1. 2. 17 23 73 46 22 70 46 240 10 230 218 10 208 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 74 27 76 70 27 72 _ 1 18 1 17 2 15 16 2 14 17 1 16 17 1 16 17 21 24 _ 10 6 5 6 6 6 23 1 22 23 1 22 16 19 6 6 3 6 3 16 11 19 19 6 5 6 6 3 2 6 6 3 2 - 3 1 11 19 5 6 2 6 2 - 1 _ _ _ 17 16 21 20 24 21 _ _ _ 16 20 21 24 3 21 20 3 17 _ 22 3. 12 - - - - - - 1 - 2 1 1 3 4 - 5 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 2 - - 143 141 3. 28 3. 28 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 4 4 9 13 13 17 17 8 8 4 4 9 9 2 2 10 - 1 1 10 - 12 12 7 7 7 7 5 5 3 3 1 1 6 6 1 1 1 1 11 11 77 66 64 3. 66 2. 83 2. 83 _ _ 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 2 8 7 7 6 6 4 13 13 1 7 7 2 2 2 3 6 6 7 3 2 8 4 4 5 2 2 6 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 _ _ - _ - 2 1 1 2 _ - 1 2 2 - - - 8 3 3 27 20 7 1. 44 1. 39 1. 60 2 2 12 12 5 3 2 2 1 1 5 2 3 _ _ _ - - 9 1 1 T h e C h ic a g o S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S ta tis tica l A r e a c o n s is ts o f C o o k , D u P a g e , K a n e, L a k e , M c H e n r y , and W ill C o u n tie s . E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t; p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . 4 Table 7. Occupational Earnings: Kansas City, M o.—Kans. (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' c o a t and suit m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , A u g u st 1965) Number of w ork ers receivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— O c c u p a t io n and s e x A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s _____ W om en _ __ _ M e n ________________________ ber of w ork ers age $ 1 .3 0 $1.40 $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.7 0 $1.80 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4.0 0 $ 4.2 0 $ 4 .4 0 '$ 4 .6 0 h o u r ly $ 1 .2 5 and and ea rn u n d er in gs 1 2 $ 1 .3 0 $1.4 0 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $ 1.8 0 $ 1 . 9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4.6 0 o v e r 2 2 10 8 5 4 1 1 7 7 13 1 1 1 2 - . 1 12 12 12 _ _ _ _ 7 7 - 1 - 1 1 1 30 11 10 - 1 1 - - - - - 1 - - - 5 5 5 4 4 4 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 - - 8 8 2 2 9 7 5 3 - 1 1 6 4 4 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 - 7 7 7 3 3 - 3 3 3 2 - 10 10 - 5 5 4 4 4 1 1 11 11 - 4 - 3 31 31 1 12 12 12 - 8 2 2 - 1 1 - - - - 5 5 1 1 - 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 2 2 4 - - 1 1 20 - 1 1 1 3 1 - 2 2 2 8 1 - 2 2 5 5 5 2 2 1 - 11 20 5 1 - 9 21 12 8 2 2 2 84 33 13 1 4 4 100 99 41 23 18 36 35 16 110 120 80 39 41 33 32 66 129 60 55 5 49 47 72 69 3 186 177 9 156 136 56 55 80 73 7 467 4 39 28 105 84 6 4 7 7 3 3 4 1 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 - 7 7 5 5 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 4 4 3 3 5 5 4 4 4 2 - 1 - - - 1 1 6 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 5 2 1 - 2 - 12 12 5 5 2 2 1 1 - 2 2 - 17 12 5 2 1 - 2 - - - - - - - 1 ,7 8 3 279 $ 2 . 00 1. 94 2. 36 94 72 83 77 2. 73 2 . 80 _ - - 3 3 57 26 20 3. 15 1 . 81 1. 83 - - 30 25 1 . 80 1. 76 - 36 85 81 82 1 . 59 2 . 12 _ 45 43 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 43 2. 51 - - - - 7 - 4 1 3 2 1 5 3 221 1 . 86 1 . 61 2 1 1 11 2 3 105 14 91 20 7 3 6 12 10 5 15 12 2 10 8 1 1. 90 2 1 1 7 7 3 6 12 10 4 4 1 3 6 2 755 41 714 752 41 711 2. 14 1 .9 4 2. 15 2. 14 1. 94 2. 15 3 _ 3 3 _ 3 2 7 149 3 146 149 3 146 103 16 87 103 16 87 64 4 60 64 4 60 52 52 52 52 55 5 50 54 5 49 49 3 46 48 3 45 42 42 42 42 32 30 32 21 17 1 1 29 30 21 21 17 17 1 1 31 29 26 19 19 19 19 23 31 32 30 3 27 29 3 2 3 _ 3 3 _ 3 1 22 30 21 25 1. 75 1. 47 1 .9 3 1 1 1 5 5 4 4 5 - 3 1 1 1 - - - 2 - 1 - - 3 1 1 1 2 , 062 22 68 52 16 63 3 6 2 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u tte r s and m a r k e r s ... _ T im e ___________________ M en (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) _ W o m e n ____________________ T im e ___________________ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (e x a m in e r s ) (2 8 w o m e n and 2 m e n ) __________________ T im e _______________________ P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g (31 m e n and 5 w o m e n ) ( a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) _______________ P r e s s e r s , ha n d______________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ W o m e n 3 __________________ P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e _________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ M e n ________________________ W o m e n ( a ll in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ) _________________ S e w e r s , hand (f in is h e r s ) ( a ll w o m e n ) _________________ T i m e _______________________ I n c e n t iv e __________________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s e c t io n s y s t e m _____________ T im e ___________________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ W o m e n ____________________ T im e ___________________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ T h rea d trim m e rs (c le a n e r s ) (a ll w o m e n )-----T i m e _______________________ I n c e n t iv e __________________ 88 86 28 193 10 15 15 13 11 14 1 1 1 _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 5 5 4 3 3 7 7 7 3 3 1 1 68 72 1 _ 2 2 _ 9 2 1 2 5 7 2 5 5 - 6 6 6 2 2 1 1 6 6 1 1 2 1 22 23 2 30 32 2 1 1 T h e K a n s a s C it y S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S ta tis t ic a l A r e a c o n s is t s of C a s s , C la y , J a c k s o n , and P la t t e C o u n t ie s , M o . ; and J o h n so n and W y an dotte C o u n t ie s , K an s. 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 3 I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f se p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m eth od o f w a g e p a y m en t; p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . Table 8. Occupational Earnings: Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif. (N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 2 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' c o a t and su it m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , A u g u st 1965) O c c u p a t io n and s e x A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s -------W o m e n ------------------------------M e n ------------------------------------- Number of w ork - N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— A ve: age h o u r ly $ L 25 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1.5 0 $ 1 . 6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .4 0 ea rn and “ ~ u n d er in gs $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 . 6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 . 6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .4 0 o v e r 2 ,1 4 2 1 ,4 6 5 677 $ 2 .8 7 2 .4 1 3. 8 8 147 146 4. 20 4. 21 36 32 2. 03 1 .8 7 53 65 23 42 33 28 32 18 14 1 .7 7 3. 32 2. 13 3 .9 8 4. 28 4 . 59 2. 34 2. 03 2. 74 105 103 4. 81 4. 84 7 7 31 29 24 416 186 230 4 04 178 226 4. 29 4. 31 4. 69 2. 38 2 . 21 2. 53 2 . 38 2 . 18 2. 54 2. 50 2 .8 2 5 5 60 57 3 56 34 102 92 85 74 91 71 97 87 79 78 155 139 184 173 22 10 11 20 10 1 16 11 164 149 15 131 95 36 117 85 32 132 108 24 85 52 33 75 59 36 18 18 40 51 16 11 16 24 10 17 17 " 3 3 6 6 - - 3 3 6 6 40 85 14 71 78 13 65 56 13 43 42 3 39 32 4 28 21 1 20 20 20 43 43 30 30 8 8 8 8 9 9 1 1 - 1 _ 1 12 . 1 1 1 12 12 12 _ _ 71 2 69 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u tte r s and m a r k e r s (1 4 6 m e n and 1 w o m a n )----T im e ----------------------------------I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (e x a m in e r s ) (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ----------------------W o m e n ____________________ P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g (a ll m en ) (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ----P r e s s e r s , ha n d--------------------T im e ___________________ I n c e n t iv e ----------------------M e n ------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------------W o m e n ------------------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------------P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e (102 m e n and 3 w o m e n )___ I n c e n t iv e ___________________ P r e s s e r s , hand and m a c h in e -------------------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------------M e n 3 ---------------------------------S e w e r s , hand ( f i n i s h e r s ) ----T im e -----------------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------------W o m e n ____________________ I n c e n t iv e ----------------------M e n -----------------------------------T im e -----------------------------S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s e c t io n s y s t e m _____________ T im e -----------------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------------W o m e n ------------- ----------------I n c e n t iv e _______________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , sin g le h a n d ( t a il o r ) s y s t e m ---------------------------------T im e ___________________ I n c e n t iv e ----------------------W o m e n ____________________ I n c e n t iv e ----------------------M en — -------------- ----------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------------T h rea d tr im m e r s (c le a n e r s ) (27 w o m e n and 3 m en ) (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ----------------------- 1 3 2 12 8 354 60 294 321 57 264 2. 69 2 . 00 2. 83 2. 67 1 .9 5 2. 83 390 226 213 184 177 3 .4 6 3. 03 3. 49 2 .7 9 2 .7 9 4. 29 4. 33 30 1 .4 3 410 20 9 - - - 5 5 5 5 - 4 4 16 16 - 2 1 - 1 1 2 _ 8 _ _ _ _ _ 9 9 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 8 1 3 - - - - 1 3 _ 7 7 _ _ _ - 2 2 22 2 2 2 1 1 _ 9 3 - _ _ - - - _ 2 - 2 2 2 2 1 1 _ - 3 - - _ - - - - * - - 3 - - 1 6 2 11 8 4 3 _ 6 2 11 8 1 4 3 _ - _ - 1 1 - - - _ 6 6 6 _ _ _ _ 1 6 5 6 6 “ 1 - 5 _ 9 22 1 8 8 9 13 20 29 19 29 19 20 10 10 29 19 29 19 2 20 10 10 2 - _ _ 18 9 9 - 56 33 23 54 33 1 5 - 6 1 5 5 2 2 - 3 _ _ _ 3 2 _ _ - _ - _ _ _ 3 • 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ - - - 1 - - - - - - _ _ - - 2 2 14 14 9 9 20 20 4 4 5 5 3 3 4 4 32 32 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 _ 1 _ _ 1 8 8 8 _ _ _ - 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 4 _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 4 3 3 5 - - - 1 2 2 2 1 1 - 1 1 3 5 - _ 3 - 2 2 1 _ _ 3 - - 2 1 10 56 27 29 56 27 29 49 18 31 49 18 31 6 1 1 29 9 27 7 23 20 20 27 7 25 5 17 23 6 _ 20 2 2 20 2 2 17 7 3 3 32 41 69 6 2 3 7 7 _ _ - - 22 1 21 22 1 21 9 4 5 9 4 5 1 3 4 9 11 2 - - - “ - - - 10 9 7 11 8 2 6 8 2 6 11 8 13 22 25 8 1 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 11 12 2 10 5 17 47 7 40 44 7 37 6 1 2 1 - _ - _ 67 64 31 28 25 24 8 3 3 _ _ . _ 4 1 1 _ _ _ _ 40 31 _ _ _ 26 32 _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ 6 26 - - 1 31 64 27 24 4 1 3 - - - - - - 9 21 20 43 5 5 10 5 5 2 9 7 2 3 8 6 3 3 18 3 11 8 3 21 2 22 5 17 - - - 32 37 14 18 25 19 19 9 17 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 2 17 17 17 11 11 11 13 13 35 35 33 17 9 17 8 11 _ 9 1 16 - _ _ _ - - 2 16 16 1 17 17 17 _ - “ " 2 12 12 10 2 2 1 14 14 14 24 _ _ . _ _ 4 - 14 “ 23 2 - 17 17 11 ~ 14 _ 4 4 4 - 12 1 1 2 2 14 12 11 2 2 13 13 18 8 10 8 9 9 9 9 7 6 12 5 2 2 7 7 7 6 10 10 1 17 19 15 _ _ 13 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 5 5 4 4 21 20 17 13 7 7 13 13 19 4 4 15 15 15 7 7 14 14 43 13 13 30 30 1 1 1 1 12 12 2 2 15 15 14 14 1 1 T he L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h S tandard M e tr o p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a c o n s is t s o f L o s A n g e le s C ou n ty . T he a r e a c o v e r e d L o s A n g e le s and O ra n g e C o u n tie s in the B u r e a u 's A ugust s u r v e y ; the la t t e r c o u n ty a c c o u n te d f o r le s s than a tenth o f c o m b in e d e m p lo y m e n t in the tw o c o u n tie s . 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r t i m e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 3 I n s u ffic ie n t da ta to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f se p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m e th o d o f w a g e p a y m en t; p r e d o m in a n tly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . _ 8 1 1 - ■ _ _ _ 6 6 6 - _ 4 1 1 1 1962 Table 9. Occupational Earnings: New York, N .Y .1-----All Shop; (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' co a t and suit m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , A u g u st 1965)1 3 2 NumO c c u p a t io n and s e x h o u r ly ea rn - N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— A v er- of w ork ei & A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ____________ 2 8 ,3 3 4 W o m e n ____________________________ 1 5 ,6 6 8 M e n _______________________________ 1 2 , 6 6 6 $2 . 92 2. 57 3. 37 $1.25 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 1 . 9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .4 0 $2.60 $2.8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3.4 0 $ 3.6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 5 .0 0 r $ n t > and under $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2.40 $ 2.6 0 $2.8 0 $3.0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3.6 0 $3.8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4.2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .2 0 o v e r 357 248 109 364 159 205 422 343 79 1047 746 301 722 456 266 926 643 283 110 1 733 368 630 449 181 2257 1660 597 1830 1493 337 2212 1755 457 1667 1305 362 2414 1770 644 2129 1163 966 139 2 606 786 2037 663 1374 1600 462 1138 1332 313 1019 1128 167 961 713 194 519 496 106 390 212 218 27 191 260 24 236 265 53 815 130 685 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u tte r s and m a r k e r s (1 , 500 m e n and 6 w o m e n ) fa ll t im e w o r k e r s ) __ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (e x a m in e r s i ............. . _ W om en ( a ll 1, 506 3. 90 - - - - _ - - _ - 16 2 14 9 54 47 207 259 257 305 167 72 30 10 57 490 3. 02 - - - - - 17 8 6 32 23 54 41 45 107 23 53 8 12 33 6 20 2 _ _ _ 6 32 q _ - 23 23 14 27 27 12 - 14 40 40 33 33 98 98 8 8 12 12 33 33 6 6 20 20 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 07 M e n _______________________________ T im e ___________________________ P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g (9 1 2 m e n and 9 w o m e n ) (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ______________________ P r e s s e r s , hand (1 ,2 9 7 m e n and 85 w o m e n ) 3______________ P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e (1 , 108 m e n and 18 w o m e n ) 3______________ P r e s s e r s , hand and m a c h in e ( a ll m e n )_________________ T im e ---------------------------------------------In cen t iv e _______________________ _ _ S e w e r s , hand ( f i n i s h e r s ) __________ W o m e n ____________________________ T i m e ___________________________ I n c e n t iv e ______________________ M e n _______________________________ T i m e ___________________________ I n c e n t iv e ______________________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s e c t io n s y s t e m ____________________ W o m e n ____________________________ T i m e . . . ________________________ I n c e n t iv e ______________________ M e n -----------------------------------------------T im e ----------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e ______________________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , sin g le h a n d (t a ilo r ) s y s t e m _____________________________ W o m e n ____________________________ T im e ___________________________ I n c e n t iv e ______________________ M e n _______________________________ T i m e ---------- -----------------------------I n c e n t iv e ______________________ T h rea d trim m e rs ( c l e a n e r s ) __________________________ W o m e n ____________________________ T i m e ___________________________ M en ( a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) ___________________ 383 377 3. 20 3. 19 _ _ _ - _ - _ - _ _ 55 921 1. 87 2 112 23 43 1, 382 3. 88 - - 2 - 1 , 126 4. 23 - - - - 4. 3. 4. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. _ _ _ _ - _ _ 142 140 51 83 11 09 16 _ _ 17 17 4 13 _ - 70 62 32 81 15 99 26 41 29 15 14 382 628 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 3. 3, 797 1 , 291 224 1 ,0 6 7 2, 506 1 ,2 3 3 1 ,2 7 3 3. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 45 540 88 452 5 ,8 1 2 5, 107 2, 354 2, 753 705 492 213 6 , 362 5, 352 2 , 102 3, 250 1,0 10 10 20 21 39 73 68 98 11 9 2 7 2 88 82 28 54 68 72 7 7 99 191 59 18 15 - 14 - - - - - _ - - - - - 9 12 2 27 10 29 45 46 108 88 141 187 115 139 67 48 16 65 31 178 - - - - - 4 21 27 61 52 92 130 45 123 109 85 55 60 34 23 205 _ _ 97 95 31 64 6 6 8 8 6 6 90 16 59 45 6 10 2 6 46 _ 46 80 52 32 _ 32 74 13 _ 13 38 26 _ 26 21 - 28 16 21 12 12 12 11 11 3 _ 3 100 2 8 683 658 333 325 25 2 22 15 _ _ _ 516 472 237 235 44 17 27 38 149 149 94 55 - 4 4 560 536 269 267 24 21 158 150 65 85 _ _ _ 138 138 50 88 _ - - - - - 2 8 83 76 18 58 7 _ 7 91 84 53 31 7 7 - 132 126 65 61 261 251 182 69 242 236 6 10 6 183 164 70 94 19 _ 6 6 3 7 5 12 33 26 23 3 7 7 - 1 13 _ - _ 6 6 29 23 6 6 22 43 29 12 _ 121 115 7 472 470 283 187 2 2 796 713 406 307 83 36 47 640 588 135 124 53 71 14 11 465 440 425 1 . 60 1 . 60 1. 57 51 49 49 31 31 31 41 41 41 195 183 183 36 29 26 40 40 40 21 - 39 39 36 3 3 25 1 . 68 2 " " 12 7 ~ ~ 19 19 2 29 14 - “ ■ 11 651 560 207 353 91 27 64 426 334 92 242 92 50 42 327 246 28 218 81 332 363 163 50 113 212 200 - 15 7 15 519 464 135 329 55 14 41 218 140 18 - _ 20 207 144 18 126 63 28 35 6 6 6 20 70 371 248 85 163 123 118 90 25 65 28 7 - 23 _ 12 60 - 6 10 21 _ 26 614 415 255 160 199 169 30 31 - _ _ 2 2 21 322 52 - _ _ 4 803 695 334 361 108 48 266 73 03 69 51 87 _ _ 51 45 179 2 2 - 23 23 17 111 6 6 2 2 21 933 795 507 288 138 118 22 27 173 132 33 56 99 164 36 3 3 - 5 3 122 78 200 102 21 30 3 240 35 205 63 51 57 205 193 _ 193 39 91 12 8 3 3 12 241 155 615 83 438 42 8 11 68 12 34 170 95 75 72 532 394 138 _ - 21 60 6 149 86 53 33 68 _ 8 _ 88 44 28 7 68 6 4 321 228 57 171 93 59 34 88 175 133 17 IK 42 9 33 21 98 67 7 60 31 8 12 _ 12 11 2 _ - - - 6 69 42 _ 42 27 _ _ 12 83 58 _ 58 25 3 78 44 _ 44 34 3 31 45 25 _ 25 8 16 _ _ _ 8 20 8 8 8 _ _ _ 2 20 8 8 25 98 54 7 7 47 _ 47 37 78 6 12 - - 6 31 31 12 66 66 141 27 27 114 _ 114 - - - 22 218 28 56 370 238 132 310 36 36 274 136 138 117 30 _ 30 87 99 65 78 3 75 - - - _ _ 26 190 91 _ 47 41 _ 41 6 23 2 _ 2 2 10 0 22 20 20 _ _ 6 - - 2 _ “ " “ “ “ " ~ 1 T he N ew Y o r k S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a c o n s is t s o f N ew Y o r k C ity (B r o n x , K in g s , N ew Y o r k , Q u een s, and R ich m o n d C o u n t ie s ), N a ss a u , R o c k la n d , S u ffo lk , and W e s t c h e s t e r C o u n tie s . 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . 3 I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r ra n t p r e s e n ta tio n o f s e p a r a te a v e r a g e s b y m eth od of w a g e p a y m e n t, p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . Table 10. Occupational Earnings: New York, N .Y .1— Regular and Jobbing Shop' (N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' 2 c o a t and su it m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , A u g u st 1965) Num - h o u r ly ea rn - 9 , 893 3, 193 6 , 700 $3.19 2.82 3.36 48 26 22 177 4 173 61 27 34 277 118 159 194 39 155 234 45 189 384 107 277 1, 307 3.91 _ _ . _ _ _ _ 2.49 1, 301 3.91 - - - - - - - - - 14 _ 281 3.13 - - - _ - _ 2 _ 26 7 43 52 A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ____________ W o m e n ____________________________ M e n ----------------------------------------------- A ver - of w ork ei s 6 O c c u p a t io n and s e x N u m be r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— 2 .40 9 229 3.30 _ - _ _ _ 921 296 1.87 4 .19 3.63 4 .7 6 5.19 4 .08 5.*62 2 112 23 43 55 - - - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 .1 2 3.83 5.61 3.00 2.96 2.69 3.39 3 .1 4 3.12 3.22 _ - . _ $1.25 $1.30 $1.40 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 . 6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .2 0 and u n d er $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $ 1.60 $ 1.70 $ 1.80 $ 1 . 9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .2 0 o v e r 621 248 373 441 269 172 _ 482 318 164 351 218 133 731 525 901 456 445 478 175 303 884 182 702 867 206 746 658 53 605 598 43 555 66 261 267 31 236 109 15 94 64 161 16 2 8 _ 42 37 169 243 240 270 133 62 27 10 48 2 166 45 121 2 2 6 - 42 37 169 243 240 270 133 62 27 10 48 . 20 33 49 15 14 8 12 30 _ 20 2 _ _ . 2 12 1 21 48 15 14 8 12 30 _ 20 2 _ _ _ _ 73 3 121 327 76 12 165 396 4 46 350 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s and m a r k e r s _______________ W o m e n ( a ll M en ( a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) -------------- ------------I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l ( e x a m i n e r s ) ________________________ W o m e n (a ll M en (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ___________________ P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g (912 m e n and 9 w o m e n ) (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ______________________ P r e s s e r s , hand ( a ll m e n )-------------T im e ______________________________ I n ce n tiv e P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e ( a ll m e n )_____ Tim p I n c e n t iv e __________________________ P r e s s e r s , hand and m a c h in e (a ll m e n )_________________ T im e _ ____ ____ _ ____ I n c e n t i v e ____ __ __ __ S e w e r s , hand ( f i n i s h e r s ) ---------------W o m e n ____________________________ T im e ___________________________ I n c e n t iv e ______________________ M e n -----------------------------------------------T im e . _ .. I n c e n t iv e ______________________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s e c t io n s y s t e m ____________________ W o m e n ____________________________ T im e. __ .. I n c e n t iv e ______________________ M e n _______________________________ T im e ----------------------------------------I n ce n tiv e S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , sin g le h a n d (t a il o r ) s y s t e m ______________________________ W o m e n ____________________________ T im e ----------------------------------------I n c e n t iv e ---------------------------------M e n _______________________________ T im e ___________________________ I n c e n t iv e ---------------------------------T h rea d tr im m e r s ( c le a n e r s ) (41 w o m e n and 2 m en ) ( a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) 150 146 227 64 163 151 42 109 2, 146 1 ,7 1 6 1 ,0 4 8 4 2 2 2 2 - _ 7 34 18 179 99 191 59 18 15 _ 14 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 16 19 19 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ 13 24 20 4 426 283 184 99 143 119 24 199 115 23 14 23 6 - 21 4 4 2 2 2 2 - 2 _ 1 1 - 4 3 1 . - - 2 1 1 63 3.07 2 .50 2 .3 4 3.39 4 .0 6 3.51 4 .9 4 1 ,4 2 9 140 64 76 1, 289 753 536 3.78 3.27 2.91 3.57 3.83 3.58 4 .1 9 _ 43 1.66 1 19 _ 100 _ _ - 448 285 241 44 163 _ 6 7 2 430 323 107 26 2 - 668 _ - 111 4 4 4 39 39 26 13 10 10 8 2 95 93 75 18 131 125 _ _ 2 6 2 110 - 2 _ _ _ 2 4 6 6 6 14 14 14 3 3 3 4 4 4 54 53 50 3 43 40 40 1 1 3 3 - - - - 192 180 124 56 150 131 83 48 19 4 15 458 375 325 50 83 77 71 65 61 4 26 26 24 14 14 14 6 6 _ 12 3 9 6 2 - - _ 150 105 _ 79 45 34 9 q 7 - _ - _ - - - - - _ - - - _ _ - - - _ - - - _ 5 24 3 6 25 23 17 14 12 6 20 _ _ 3 14 3 - - 6 6 2 2 3 4 2 22 _ _ _ 22 10 12 _ 103 91 20 8 14 13 14 42 42 _ 42 13 _ _ 29 26 13 16 16 _ _ 8 91 26 3 5 3 13 4 36 6 12 g 4 24 24 12 g 4 45 3 3 42 42 3 3 8 8 4 4 1 6 _ _ 10 2 _ _ _ 22 3 7 91 20 3 5 91 28 3 56 16 12 " CL DO 2 2 47 41 _ _ 2 41 _ 8 2 6 6 2 6 6 _ _ _ 4 4 _ 4 _ 6 _ 2 6 _ _ _ 6 8 20 _ 28 _ 6 _ . _ . 4 4 2 8 6 22 2 _ _ _ _ 4 4 4 4 8 22 2 53 3 42 _ 16 26 25 _ _ 9 _ _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ 25 9 48 _ 48 3 58 _ 58 90 86 321 263 202 125 6 6 24 10 _ _ § 6 6 7 8 2 _ 14 84 75 9 16 62 44 18 311 271 40 257 185 72 7 195 107 8 2 6 2 4 13 28 14 14 2 12 _ 2 17 89 45 39 4 9 9 _ _ 44 55 84 69 15 9 9 _ 4 60 8 6 _ 16 16 _ _ 7 17 3 _ 5 5 22 _ 58 42 16 9 q 7 1 1 T h e N ew Y o r k S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a tis t ic a l A r e a c o n s is t s o f New Y o r k C ity (B ro n x , W e s t c h e s t e r C o u n t ie s . 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 15 _ 2 7 7 7 - _ _ 88 117 54 63 3 50 3 47 16 _ _ 8 _ _ _ 26 25 9 20 2 18 48 61 8 _ 2 K in g s , N ew Y ork, Q u e e n s, and R ich m o n d C ou n ties) N a ss a u , R o c k la n d , S u ffo lk , and Table 11. Occupational Earnings: New York, N.Y.1-----Contract Shops 0) 2 (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' co a t and suit m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , A u g u st 1965) Numbe:r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— Num- A ver - O c c u p a t io n and s e x of w ork ci a $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $ 1 . 6 0 $1.70 $1.8 0 $1.90 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $2.4 0 $2.6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .2 0 h o u r ly $ 1.25 and earn and u n d er $ 1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $ 1 . 6 0 $1.70 $1.80 $1.9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2.4 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4.0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4.6 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .2 0 o v e r A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s __ __ W o m e n __________ __________________ M en ____ _. .. .. 18,441 1 2 ,4 7 5 5 ,9 6 6 $ 2 .7 8 2 .5 0 3 .3 7 199 3 .8 2 87 187 155 32 361 316 45 770 628 142 528 417 - - 111 692 598 94 717 626 91 464 404 60 1636 1412 224 1389 1224 165 1730 1437 293 1316 1087 229 1683 1245 438 1228 707 521 914 431 483 1153 481 672 733 341 392 674 260 414 530 124 406 386 128 258 229 75 154 156 38 118 6 309 222 9 12 10 38 16 17 35 34 10 3 39 - - 3 6 - - - _ _ _ 3 3 6 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 108 50 58 no 123 52 71 48 31 _ 31 16 _ 16 63 _ 63 27 _ 27 105 _ 105 36 15 119 7 38 112 31 _ 31 16 21 16 114 _ 114 59 45 2 6 57 39 62 62 _ 62 _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 7 _ 7 _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 _ 44 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 8 8 49 42 _ 42 7 _ 7 142 15 127 95 20 75 419 84 335 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u tte r s and m a r k e r s (a ll I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (e x a m in e r s )________________________ W o m e n (a ll M e n _______________________________ T im e ____ ____________________ P r e s s e r s , hand (1 ,0 0 1 m en and 85 w o m e n )____________________ T im e ______________________________ I n c e n t iv e __________________________ P r e s s e r s , m a ch in e (881 m e n and 18 w o m e n ) ______ _ T im e ______________________________ Timp M en (a ll t im e w o r k e r s)__________ ___ ____ - 2 .87 55 154 148 2 35 3 .0 5 3 .0 4 _ - _ - 1,086 289 797 3.79 3 .2 4 3 .99 - 899 3.99 3 .4 0 4 .1 7 - 212 687 P r e s s e r s , hand and m a c h in e (a ll m e n )_________________ T im e ..................................................... In c e ntiv e ______ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ S e w e r s , hand (fin is h e r s ).._________ W o m e n ___ _________________ _ T im e ______________________ I n c e n t iv e ___________________ _ M e n ___ ___ _______ _____ __ T im e ___________________________ In c e n tiv e ______________________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s e c t io n s y s t e m ____________________ W om en _ T im e ___________________________ I n c e n t iv e ____ __________________ M en T im e ___________________________ I n ce n tiv e ______________________ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s in g le h a n d (t a ilo r ) s y s t e m _______ ___________________ W o m e n _____________ ___ _______ T i rr» # = » I n c e n t iv e ______________________ _________ M e n ______________ T im o I n c e n t iv e ______________________ T h rea d t rim m e rs ( c l e a n e r s ) __________________________ W nm e*r\ - 209 - 4 9 9 12 12 50 50 8 8 37 31 46 9 37 92 43 49 69 14 55 66 61 43 18 52 31 92 16 76 21 25 66 _ 6 - 19 188 132 71 61 56 50 66 172 133 25 108 39 33 6 6 637 546 193 353 91 27 64 403 320 84 236 83 41 42 314 242 28 214 72 304 186 13 173 118 31 87 273 157 44 113 126 18 _ 3 3 2 2 27 19 _ 8 10 2 8 29 15 14 45 8 - _ - _ - - _ _ 4 4 21 12 9 26 5 4 _ _ _ 366 341 154 187 25 13 _ - 15 15 4 11 88 82 28 54 _ _ 79 73 16 57 6 84 77 46 31 7 7 _ - 6 6 _ - 6 _ 8 8 _ _ no no 61 68 85 8 42 - - - - - 8 - 126 120 247 237 59 168 61 6 69 239 233 118 115 10 6 94 19 - 5 6 6 3 7 1 29 23 6 6 22 91 91 27 64 - 6 6 6 6 154 146 119 119 49 70 _ - - - _ - 7 128 128 42 6 6 6 23 6 - 6 - 7 15 2 2 24 21 429 411 159 252 18 _ 18 491 478 209 269 13 7 6 12 597 548 226 322 49 18 31 732 630 273 357 493 438 13 742 660 356 304 82 35 47 42 60 327 55 14 41 43 29 no 101 101 76 25 51 25 7 18 195 138 18 196 140 18 120 122 86 _ 179 160 66 33 _ - 4 4 21 377 377 208 169 _ _ - 29 14 _ _ _ _ 6 _ 15 14 31 31 31 36 36 36 171 159 159 33 - 26 23 34 34 34 21 1.57 50 48 48 1.56 2 " " 12 7 “ 68 9 102 111 57 56 26 12 31 44 _ 3 3 8 21 475 420 182 238 55 41 14 21 116 89 27 2 12 60 18 108 51 57 83 17 121 47 74 16 6 10 _ _ 153 135 19 102 102 116 102 18 12 6 285 216 49 167 69 35 34 294 73 3 70 _ _ _ _ 196 152 6 146 44 11 33 175 62 6 14 96 167 129 17 112 38 5 33 108 29 60 12 65 25 40 68 35 5 63 6 6 ?Q t.7 32 46 _ 46 64 39 _ 39 25 7 18 18 _ 18 32 26 21 26 _ _ _ 30 24 _ 24 6 6 _ _ 6 6 90 63 7 56 27 73 56 _ 56 17 3 14 50 38 _ 38 3 9 43 25 _ 25 18 _ 18 64 27 56 4 4 52 49 8 19 93 20 _ 1 23 98 56 113 53 60 29 79 29 50 73 37 36 27 37 17 i. Q 18 _ _ _ _ _ 221 _ 20 12 _ 21 6 6 _ 6 _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 8 _ _ _ 29 7 28 30 6 12 7 22 6 22 18 24 56 22 22 18 56 8 _ 12 80 24 2 422 399 384 1.6 0 23 1.59 19 19 9 37 37 34 1 T he N ew Y o r k S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a tis t ic a l A r e a c o n s is t s o f New Y o r k C ity (B r o n x , W e s t c h e s t e r C o u n tie s . 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts . 6 6 12 _ 8 16 16 17 4 13 3 .2 5 2 .9 4 _ - _ 58 12 9 9 _ 2 ,3 6 8 1,151 160 991 1 ,217 480 737 Z.99 _ 12 21 5 - 12 3 .5 5 3 .4 0 3 !6 4 - 11 2 2 33 26 23 3 7 7 - 2.6 6 7 7 16 6 _ 40 28 15 13 - 6 6 - 2 .67 2 .6 2 2 .3 2 2 .8 0 2 .9 8 2 .8 0 3 .0 7 12 6 6 _ - 5 ,9 1 4 5,0 6 7 1,861 3 ,2 0 6 847 282 565 - 6 10 _ - 106 7 7 7 - 17 _ - 3 .8 4 2 .6 4 4 .0 0 2 .58 2 .5 4 2 .37 2 .6 5 3 .0 6 3 .0 3 3.11 389 46 343 3 ,6 6 6 3 ,391 1 ,306 2 ,0 8 5 275 169 - 9 3 3 K in g s, N ew Y o r k , Q u een s, _ and R ich m o n d C o u n t ie s ), N a ss a u , _ _ R o c k la n d , _ _ S u ffo lk , _ and Table 12. Occupational Earnings: Newark and Jersey City, N.J.1 (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 2 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' c o a t and su it m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , A u g u st 1965) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o fA v er age h o u r ly $ 1.2 5 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 $1.5 0 $ 1 . 6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 . 9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 . 6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4.8 0 $ 5 .0 0 and and ea rn u n d er in gs 2 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 . 6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 0 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 . 2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4.8 0 $ 5 .0 0 o v e r O c c u p a t io n and se x Num ber of w ork ers A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s _____ W o m e n -----------------------------M e n ------------------------------------- 6 ,7 5 6 5 ,2 0 2 1 ,554 $ 2 .4 9 2. 31 3. 08 43 3. 94 23 6 446 350 96 394 345 49 354 270 84 251 38 268 236 32 51 554 457 97 - 1 - 1 2 1 5 - - 1 - 1 2 1 - - 5 - 9 7 5 9 7 25 17 6 22 3 1 6 22 4 1 32 28 4 27 1 16 15 2 9 9 - 5 3 - - - 1 1 - 3 3 - 8 8 - 300 273 27 340 299 41 - - - - - - - - - 1 1 11 171 151 2. 72 2. 30 292 452 354 98 345 1 525 452 73 330 20 207 171 36 254 207 47 - - 329 227 84 102 233 146 87 169 261 1 - 4 3 3 1 6 1 - - 1 3 1 6 - - 2 20 7 13 18 2 6 1 9 9 21 16 1 16 13 3 35 30 5 23 19 4 32 26 11 21 11 16 10 35 33 6 6 10 8 20 15 15 6 16 53 83 19 64 89 4 85 68 22 46 200 114 70 44 56 29 27 84 44 40 90 44 46 47 24 23 54 25 29 200 66 4 6 3 8 3 5 - - 5 - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 2 2 11 - 2 - 15 4 35 35 17 4 13 21 - 25 5 21 20 5 81 101 68 189 123 51 149 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u tte r s and m a r k e r s (a ll m en ) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) ----I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l ( e x a m in e r s ) ------------------------W om en ( a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ___________ M en (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ___________ P r e s s e r s , hand ( 2 9 1 m e n and 30 w o m e n ) -------------------T im e ----------------------------------I n c e n t iv e ---------------------------P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e ( 3 6 1 m e n and 4 w o m e n )----T im e ----------------------------------I n c e n t iv e ---------------------------P r e s s e r s , hand and m a c h in e (71 m e n and 45 w o m e n )---------------------------T im e ----------------------------------S e w e r s , hand (f in i s h e r s ) ( 1 , 0 0 0 w o m e n and 4 m e n )----------------------------------T im e _______________________ I n c e n t iv e ---------------------------S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s e c t io n s y s t e m -------------------W o m e n ------------------------------T im e -----------------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------------M e n ------------------------------------T im e . , , ........ , , I n c e n t iv e ----------------------T h rea d t r im m e r s ( c le a n e r s ) (1 6 5 w o m e n and 4 m e n ) --------------------------I n c e n t iv e ---------------------------- 17 2 . 86 321 188 133 3. 06 2. 40 3. 99 - _ 7 4 365 _ _ _ _ 1 1 199 4 . 08 3. 08 4. 91 116 106 2 .7 1 2 . 69 _ 1 ,0 0 4 368 636 2. 36 1 .9 9 2. 58 1 9 4 2 3 ,1 4 5 2 ,7 9 4 1,607 1,187 351 225 126 2 . 59 11 11 10 1 50 46 26 _ _ 4 4 - 10 6 6 - - 1 - 5 14 14 81 71 4 4 166 169 1**7 1 4Q 20 2. 2. 3. 3. 2. 3. 52 16 01 09 70 80 1. 53 1 .4 7 1 .9 3 5 43 43 _ 11 20 7 7 - 10 5 5 46 45 42 3 1 _ - _ 16 16 - 9 9 64 28 36 51 36 15 54 33 56 34 77 67 21 22 10 92 107 86 100 152 145 76 83 17 7 150 142 126 10 2 120 122 111 69 42 25 7 3 4 16 8 - - 2 - - 2 5 3 11 6 5 6 4 4 68 86 72 33 35 26 60 21 21 51 32 244 216 174 42 28 24 4 231 227 184 43 4 4 215 141 49 25 19 140 123 71 52 17 15 354 330 258 72 24 268 238 99 139 30 189 175 30 145 14 20 - 6 2 4 20 10 8 6 6 6 4 - 4 4 3 - 3 T he N e w a r k and J e r s e y C ity Standard M e tr o p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a s c o n s is t o f E s s e x , H u d son , E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . M o r ris , 2 7 19 9 14 4 10 2 12 2 2 4 4 2 86 7 4 5 3 3 4 4 6 6 - 8 6 2 2 - - - - 56 7 49 31 31 18 18 14 _ 14 15 4 _ 4 5 5 4 _ 4 6 2 2 _ _ _ 6 2 2 193 149 51 98 44 39 5 122 92 72 14 58 47 5 4 54 35 4 31 19 17 25 23 _ 23 55 34 _ 34 2 2 21 4 6 1 31 24 _ 24 7 7 20 20 16 109 94 4 90 15 9 54 49 1 190 6 7 2 1 4 7 4 17 4 4 and U n ion C o u n tie s . 96 22 74 26 13 13 2 13 2 19 15 _ 15 4 _ ■ 4 8 11 18 1 _ _ - 2 2 21 Table 13. Occupational Earnings: Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N.J.1 0 0 (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' 2 c o a t and suit m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , A u g u st 1965) A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ______ M e n _________________________ of w ork ers o o n N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s ofU $1.70" $1.80 $1.9 0 $ 2.00 $2.1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2.3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $2.6 0 $ 2.8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3.2 0 $ 3.4 0 $ 3.60 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4.0 0 $4.2 0 $ 4.40 $4.6 0 $4. & " and 1 O c c u p a t io n and s e x A verage $ 1 .2 5 ' $1.3 0 $1.40 $ 1.50 h o u r ly and ea rn under in gs 2 $ 1 .3 0 $1.40 S i . 50 $1.60 Lj o Num- $2.3 0 ,$2^m $ 2.60 s a .a n $ 3.0 0 $ 3 .2ft S L l f t $2.6,Q $3. an, $4. OP $4.20, $4.4 0 $4.6 0 $4.8 0 $5.00 o v e r $1.80. $1.90 $ 2 .M $2UQ. $2. 409 366 43 257 224 33 241 230 11 221 182 39 216 193 23 318 282 36 246 228 18 232 202 30 91 64 27 60 19 41 32 12 20 53 2 51 48 11 37 19 8 11 8 5 3 19 4 15 12 12 45 45 3 63 55 8 5 - 27 21 2 3 - 2 4 3 29 3 3 6 - - - - - - - 13 10 6 4 29 14 15 3 3 6 6 - - - - - - - 13 13 - 11 11 - 25 25 - 18 16 2 18 18 - 20 13 7 21 5 16 10 7 3 7 2 5 - 15 15 9 9 9 9 1 1 - 3 3 4 1 - - - - 3 3 - - - - 9 - 3 3 14 3 11 15 15 9 9 10 2 8 15 15 - - 1 1 - - - - - - 88 86 57 29 2 2 - 242 233 190 43 9 6 3 95 94 59 35 1 1 - 76 70 21 49 6 4 2 52 44 17 27 8 5 3 40 40 6 34 - 25 19 2 17 6 3 3 7 7 1 1 9 9 2 2 2 - 4 4 4 " - - 9 7 7 2 2 3 3 3 113 104 9 325 290 35 125 119 6 147 107 40 3, 624 2, 932 692 $2.2 5 2 .07 2 .98 67 20 175 64 53 111 67 44 2.71 2 .6 2 1.89 1.83 3.05 2 .4 8 3 .9 2 2 2 2 _ _ - 2 2 2 - _ . - 3 15 13 13 2 2 - 8 3 3 5 5 - 13 13 11 . - 11 5 5 6 6 - 5 5 3 - 20 8 8 12 9 3 2 2 2 - 11 4 2 7 4 3 3 3 - 3 17 6 4 11 8 3 2 5 2 2 3 3 6 10 205 137 68 3 .47 3.00 4 .4 1 . - _ - _ - 3 3 - 3 3 - - 4 4 - 5 5 - 7 5 2 - 14 14 - - 6 6 - 26 11 4 .0 0 3.01 - - - - - - - - - 4 1 2 2 - 443 304 139 1.98 1.83 2 .2 9 15 10 5 4 4 - 18 14 4 25 18 7 57 47 10 39 27 12 40 34 6 70 58 12 72 62 10 18 18 - 18 7 11 1, 594 1, 522 1 ,0 4 7 475 72 40 32 2 .29 2 .2 8 2 .1 8 2 .4 9 2 .5 8 2 .4 8 2.7 1 6 6 2 4 14 14 2 12 _ 7 7 4 3 41 36 16 20 5 62 62 43 19 - 88 88 68 20 _ 92 92 69 23 _ - - - - - - _ - 5 - - 107 97 61 36 10 4 6 182 177 154 23 5 5 178 169 139 30 9 9 - 164 158 137 21 6 6 - 116 102 1.54 1.55 10 8 2 2 6 6 81 69 12 12 3 3 2 2 134 66 68 4 .0 4 99 92 7 91 67 24 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u t t e r s and m a r k e r s (a ll m en) ( a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) -----I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l (e x a m in e r s ) (1 2 w o m e n and 8 m en) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) ________________ P r e s s e r s , h a n d ----------------------W o m e n --------------------------------T im e ------------------------------M e n _________________________ T im e ____________________ I n c e n t iv e -----------------------P r e s s e r s , m a ch in e (2 0 3 m e n and 2 w o m e n ) -----T im e __________ '-------------------I n c e n t iv e -----------------------------P r e s s e r s , hand and m a c h in e (a ll m e n )---------------T im e ________________________ S e w e r s , hand (f in is h e r s ) (441 w o m e n and 2 m e n )-----T i m e ..................- ......................... I n c e n t iv e -----------------------------S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s e c t io n s y s t e m --------------------W o m e n _____________________ T im e ___ , ________________ I n c e n t iv e ________________ M e n _________________________ T i m e ------------------------------I n c e n t iv e ________________ T h rea d trim m e rs ( c le a n e r s ) (1 1 4 w o m e n and 2 m en )-----------------------------T im e ------------------------------------ 1 2 _ _ - - T h e P a t e r s o n — lif t o n — a s s a ic S ta n d a rd M e tr o p o lita n S t a tis t ic a l A r e a c o n s is t s o f B e r g e n and P a s s a ic C o u n t ie s . C P E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . - - 7 1 - - - - 9 - - - Table 14. Occupational Earnings: Philadelphia, Pa.—N.J.1 (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 2 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' c o a t and su it m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , A u g u st 1965) Num O c c u p a t io n and se x A l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s _____ W o m e n ____________________ M e n ________________________ of w ork er s N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f— A v erage $1.25 $1.3 0 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.7 0 $1.8 0 $1.9 0 $2.0 0 $2.1 0 $2.2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $2.5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3.0 0 $ 3.2 0 $ 3.4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3.8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $4.2 0 $ 4.40 $4.60 $ 4.80 h o u r ly and and u n d er in g s 2 $1.30 $ 1.40 $ 1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $ 1 .8 0 $1.9 0 $2.0 0 $ 2.1 0 $ 2.2 0 $2.3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2.5 0 $2.6 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3.2 0 $ 3.4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4.0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4.4 0 $ 4.60 $4.80 o v e r 1 ,8 4 3 $ 2. 52 1, 34 3 2 . 21 500 3. 35 70 43 27 67 62 5 88 77 11 204 160 44 81 67 14 92 76 16 107 99 8 50 48 2 85 75 10 65 57 8 61 54 7 60 56 4 65 47 18 106 85 21 83 75 8 95 77 18 57 31 26 59 34 25 51 22 29 31 17 14 33 17 16 1 53 49 4 2 1 1 7 7 21 21 18 18 17 17 3 3 - - - - - 20 4 16 - 1 1 - - - - - 11 7 4 35 4 31 114 114 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u tte r s and m a r k e r s (a ll m en ) _ _ __ T im e _______________________ I n s p e c t o r s , fin a l ( e x a m in e r s ) _________________ W om en ( a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) ___________ M en ( a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) ___________ P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g ( a ll m en ) ( a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ___ P r e s s e r s , h and______________ W o m e n ____________________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ M en (a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _________________ P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e (9 3 m e n and 5 w o m e n ) ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) ___ S e w e r s , hand (f in i s h e r s ) (2 3 8 w o m e n and 7 m e n )___ T i m e _______________________ I n ce n tiv e __ _ _ S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , s e c t io n s y s t e m _____________ W o m e n ____________________ I n c e n t iv e _______________ M en ( a ll in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s ) _________________ T h rea d trim m e rs ( c le a n e r s ) (31 w o m e n and 2 m en ) ( a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) _______________ 72 68 1 3. 41 3. 47 27 1. 99 - - 3 4 2 1 5 1 1 - 2 1 1 2 1 3 19 1. 75 - - 3 4 2 1 5 1 - - 2 - 1 - - - 8 2. 56 1 - - 1 - 2 1 3 3 3 3 3 _ 5 4 4 _ _ - _ _ _ 1 _ _ 3 _ 4 _ _ 8 4 6 43 - - 1 1 1 2 - 2 2 2 _ _ - - - - - - 2 3 - 4 - - 8 4 6 43 - 4 48 _ _ - - - 1 1 1 14 75 23 99 _ _ 1 2 2 4 1 1 - - 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ _ 17 14 1. 4. 1. 2. 71 4. 77 98 4. 38 - - - - - 1 3 - - 1 1 1 2 7 5 1 3 - 1 2 1 6 11 245 34 3 3 3 3 7 7 10 2 8 14 6 8 15 1 14 11 4 7 13 7 13 3 10 16 _ 16 19 5 14 24 4 20 9 9 9 2 7 21 20 19 4 9 _ 4 1 1 211 2. 35 1. 97 2. 41 21 20 19 4 9 - 4 1 716 670 658 2. 43 2. 34 2 . 35 10 10 10 30 30 30 33 33 33 47 47 47 28 26 26 38 38 36 41 41 33 23 44 44 44 34 34 32 34 34 34 21 20 20 39 39 39 38 35 35 59 52 52 33 32 32 49 47 47 26 24 24 26 24 24 9 7 7 16 10 10 15 13 13 4 3 3 4 4 . 4 46 3. 77 - - - 2 - - - - - 1 - 3 7 1 2 2 2 2 6 2 1 - 33 1. 40 7 13 8 1 1 10 88 _ _ 10 1 1 1 - 1 3 6 22 22 1 l 1 _ - 14 1 T h e P h ila d e lp h ia S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a tis t ic a l A r e a c o n s is t s o f B u c k s , C h e s t e r , D e la w a r e , M o n t g o m e r y , and P h ila d e lp h ia C o u n tie s , P a .; and B u r lin g to n , C a m d e n , and G lo u c e s t e r C o u n t ie s , N .J . 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . Table 15. Occupational Earnings: San Francisco—Oakland, Calif.1 (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' 2 c o a t and suit m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , A u g u st 196b) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g str a ig h t- t im e htou rly ea rn iings o f- A ver age 696 561 135 O c c u p a t io n and se x Num ber of w ork ers $2. 44 2. 23 3. 30 10 10 49 32 3. 56 3. 00 _ _ 17 9 8 40 14 26 33 10 23 39 17 22 24 15 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 97 8 89 1. 96 1. 72 1. 98 _ 129 125 21 9 earn in gs $ 1 .2 5 $1.3 0 $1.35 $ 1.40 $ 1.45 $1.5 0 $1.60 $1.7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2.2 0 $2.4 0 $2.6 0 $ 2.8 0 $ 3.0 0 $3.2 0 $3.4 0 $ 3.6 0 $3.8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $4.4 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4.8 0 $ 5.00 and and u n d er $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $1.40 $ 1.45 $ 1.50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.9 0 $ 2.0 0 $ 2.2 0 $ 2.4 0 $2.6 0 $2.8 0 $ 3.0 0 $3.2 0 $3.4 0 $3.6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $4.6 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 5 .0 0 o v e r 12 12 _ 10 10 _ _ _ _ 47 46 1 9 6 3 8 5 3 6 1 5 7 3 4 1 1 1 - 3 1 - - 6 - - - - - - 1 1 - 2 - - 2 - 2 1 - - - - - - 1 4 73 67 6 49 44 5 53 44 9 54 48 6 46 29 17 28 18 10 21 7 14 20 12 8 19 7 12 10 7 3 _ 1 1 4 3 1 1 9 8 6 5 8 6 3 2 3 2 2 1 - 1 23 23 _ 7 7 _ 39 37 2 47 44 3 36 27 9 46 44 2 _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ - 2 1 1 1 1 6 2 4 1 1 3 3 _ _ 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 4 1 5 4 1 1 _ _ _ 15 3 12 S e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s C u tte r s and m a r k e r s (a ll m en) . .... . T im e . _ . P a c k e r s , sh ip p in g (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) P r p s s p r s , band T im e Tnrpntivp W om en T im e .... . ... _ . __ ___ ___ _ _ __ _____ _ . 'P r o s p e r s , m a c h in e ___ _ _ T im e .... . _ I n ce n tiv e _ ___ ____ . W orsen 3 S e w e r s , hand ( f in i s h e r s ) (a ll w o m e n ! _____________ T im e _______________________ Incen tive ___________________ 94 83 06 91 46 15 80 32 01 52 37 64 89 93 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 7 2 5 2 2 2 _ 3 1 2 _ 2. 22 2. 24 6 6 4 4 4 4 13 12 1. 81 1. 55 _ 1 1 2 2 2 _ _ _ . . 1 _ _ 1 . ___ ..._ T h rea d trim m e rs ( c le a n e r s ) ( a ll w o m e n ) -------T im e ___________________ 2 1 1 1 _ 2 _ 2 2 _ 2 1 1 7 4 3 7 4 3 _ _ _ 1 _ _ 1 8 1 7 8 1 7 2 2 1 1 1 - - _ - 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ - - - - - - 6 6 1 1 - 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 - - 1 2 1 1 2 - 5 1 1 8 5 3 7 1 2 2 _ - - - 6 6 1 1 7 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ 6 3 3 2 _ 2 6 5 1 _ _ 1 1 1 1 _ 6 - _ 3 13 5 11 12 - _ _ _ _ 3 13 5 11 12 6 1 5 7 1 6 4 10 10 12 11 4 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 15 15 9 9 9 9 9 9 - 1 1 3 2 4 1 1 1 3 1 - - 1 1 - 1 1 1 - - - 1 - 1 1 1 - 4 3 1 1 1 - - 5 2 2 - - 1 5 . 17 1 16 4 _ 1 1 - - 1 T h e San F r a n c i s c o - O a k l a n d S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a tis t ic a l A r e a c o n s is t s o f A la m e d a , C o n tra C o s ta , M a r in , San F r a n c i s c o , 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 3 I n s u ffic ie n t data to w a r r a n t p r e s e n t a t io n o f s e p a r a t e a v e r a g e s by m eth od o f w a g e p a y m en t; p r e d o m in a n t ly in c e n t iv e w o r k e r s . - 1 1 1 S e w in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , sin g le h a n d (t a ilo r ) s y s t e m (1 2 5 w o m e n nnd 4 m en ) Inceptive _ _ - 2 and San M a te o C o u n tie s . Table 16. Method o f W age Payment ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' c o a t and su it m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y m e th o d o f w ag e p a y m e n t ,1 9 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , A u g u st 1965) N ew Y o r k B a lt im o r e M eth od o f w a g e p a y m e n t 1 C h ica g o C ity L os A n g e le s L on g B e a c h A ll sh op s R e g u la r sh op s 2 C o n tr a c t sh op s N e w a rk and J e r s e y C ity P aterson — C lifto n — P a s s a ic P h ila d e lp h ia San F ra n cis co — O akland A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------------ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 I n ce n tiv e w o r k e r s --------------------------------------------------In d iv id u a l p i e c e w o r k ---------------------------------------G ro u p p i e c e w o r k _______________________________ 38 38 65 64 2 67 67 - 56 56 44 39 6 23 21 3 56 48 7 37 36 1 25 23 2 71 67 4 68 68 1 T im e - r a t e d w o r k e r s _____________ _________________ F o r m a l p la n s -----------------------------------------------------S in gle ra te ___________________________________ R a n g e o f r a t e s ---------------------------------------------In d iv id u a l r a t e s _________________________________ 62 62 62 35 34 33 32 - - 34 1 32 1 56 52 52 3 77 67 67 9 44 44 44 (3 ) 63 54 51 3 9 75 73 73 2 29 28 28 - 44 11 10 (3 ) 33 32 5 5 27 1 2 3 - F o r d e fin it io n o f m e th o d o f w age p a y m en t, se e a ppen dix A . I n clu d e s jo b b in g sh o p s p e r fo r m in g s o m e m a n u fa ctu rin g o p e r a t i o n s , in a d d itio n to r e g u la r (in s id e ) L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , - (3) shops. su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u al t o t a ls . Table 17. Scheduled W eekly Hours (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' c o a t and su it m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s , 1 9 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , A u g u st 1965) N ew Y o r k B a lt im o r e W e e k ly h o u r s 1 A ll w o r k e r s -----------------------------------------------------U n der 3 5 h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------35 h o u r s ___________________________ __________________ 3 7 l/z h o u r s ---------------------------------------------------------------40 h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------------------44 h o u r s _____________________________________________ C h ica g o K a n sa s C ity L os A n g e le s L on g B e a ch A ll sh op s R e g u la r sh op s 2 C o n tr a c t sh op s N e w a rk and J e r s e y C ity P aterson — C lifto n — P a s s a ic P h ila d e lp h ia San F r a n c is c o — O akland 100 100 100 100 93 77 89 - - - - 5 3 (3) 23 11 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 _ 100 _ 91 1 8 98 1 1 6 75 98 98 7 84 - - - - 19 2 2 9 96 1 3 1 D ata r e la t e to p r e d o m in a t e w o r k sc h e d u le o f fu l l- t im e d a y -s h ift w o r k e r s in e a c h e s t a b lis h m e n t . 2 I n clu d e s jo b b in g sh o p s p e r fo r m in g s o m e m a n u fa ctu rin g o p e r a t io n s , in a d d itio n to r e g u la r (in s id e ) sh o p s . 3 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u al t o t a ls . 10 Table 18. Paid Holidays (P a id h o lid a y p r o v i s i o n s 1 f o r p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y In te rn a tio n a l L a d ie s ' G a r m e n t W o r k e r s ' U n ion c o n t r a c t s in w o m e n 's and m i s s e s ' c o a t and su it m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , 9 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , A u g u st 1965) N u m b er o f h o lid a y s M e th o d o f co m p u tin g p a y B a lt i m o r e _ 6 C h i c a g o ___ 4 d a y s a n n u ally ; o n e -h a lf d a y 's pa y g u a r a n te e d , t h r e e - fo u r t h s T im e w o r k e r s p a id t h e ir r e g u la r r a t e s ; t h o s e on an in c e n t iv e b a s is w e r e p a id 7 t im e s d a y 's p a y fo r t h o s e w o rk in g 3 days in the h o lid a y w e e k , and t h e ir a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s d u rin g the 2 0 w e e k s ending in the f i r s t w e e k o f the p r e v io u s June. fu ll p a y f o r t h o s e w o rk in g 4 d a y s. K a n s a s C i t y _________________ 6 d a y s a n n u ally . T im e w o r k e r s p a id t h e ir r e g u la r r a t e s ; t h o s e on an in ce n tiv e b a s is w e r e p a id 7 t im e s t h e ir a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s d u rin g the y e a r en d in g the p r e v io u s M a r c h 31. L o s A n g e l e s —L on g B e a c h .. 6 d a y s a n n u ally . T im e w o r k e r s p a id t h e ir r e g u la r r a t e s ; t h o s e on an in c e n t iv e b a s is w e r e p a id a m ou n ts ra n g in g f r o m $13 to $ 16, a c c o r d in g to c r a f t . N ew Y o r k ., 7 d a y s a n n u ally . T im e w o r k e r s p a id th e ir r e g u la r r a t e s ; t h o s e on an in c e n t iv e b a s is w e r e p a id a m ou n ts ra n g in g fr o m $12. 50 to $ 20 , a c c o r d in g to c r a f t . N e w a rk and J e r s e y C it y ., 7 d a y s a n n u ally . T im e w o r k e r s p a id t h e ir r e g u la r r a t e s ; t h o s e on an in c e n tiv e b a s is w e r e p a id a m ou n ts ra n g in g fr o m $ 1 2 .5 0 to $ 2 0 , a c c o r d in g to c r a f t . P a t e r son — lifto n — a s s a i c C P 7 V2 d a y s a n n u ally . T im e w o r k e r s p a id th e ir r e g u la r r a t e s ; t h o s e on an in c e n t iv e b a s is w e r e p a id a m ou n ts ra n g in g f r o m $12. 50 to $ 20, a c c o r d in g to c r a f t . P h il a d e lp h ia ______________ 6 V2 d a y s an n u ally. San F r a n c i s c o — a k la n d _ O 7 d a y s an n u ally. 1 In a fe w sh o p s in C h ic a g o and days 1 in an n u ally to P h ila d e lp h ia , t h o se w ho w o r k any p a r t o f h o lid a y w e e k . 7 t im e s a w o r k e r 's a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s in the p r e v io u s 4 w e e k s . 7 t im e s a w o r k e r 's a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s but n ot m o r e than $20. T im e w o r k e r s p a id t h e ir r e g u la r r a t e s ; th o s e on an in c e n tiv e b a s is w e r e p a id a m ou n ts ra n g in g f r o m $ 1 0 .8 5 to $ 1 7 .5 7 , a c c o r d in g to c r a f t . p r o v is io n s d iff e r e d s lig h tly fr o m t h o s e show n. Table 19. Health, Welfare, and Vacation Benefits (H e a lth , w e l f a r e ; and v a c a tio n b e n e fits p r o v is io n s 1 f o r p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by In te rn a tio n a l L a d ie s ' G a r m e n t W o r k e r s ' U n ion C o n t r a c t s in w om en*! c o a t and su it m a n u fa ctu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , 9 s e l e c t e d a r e a s , A u g u st 1965) A rea E m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u tio n 1 2 V a c a tio n b e n e fit s 3 and m i s s e s ' O th er b e n e fit s B a l t i m o r e --------------------------------------------------------- 5 p ercen t. 2 V2 p e r c e n t o f w o r k e r 's e a rn in g s in p r e v io u s c a le n d a r y e a r if H o s p ita l, s u r g i c a l, b e lo w $ 1 ,0 0 0 ; $40 to $70 f o r w o r k e r s w ith h ig h e r e a r n in g s . and d ea th b e n e fit s . clin ic a l, d i s a b ilit y , m a te r n ity , e y e g la s s , C h i c a g o ________________________________________ 1 V2 p e r c e n t . 4 1 w e e k 's pay— 35 t im e s a w o r k e r 's a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s H o s p ita l, s u r g i c a l, d i s a b ilit y , e y e g l a s s , and death b e n e fit s ; a ls o , d u rin g the 2 0 w e e k s ending the f i r s t w e e k o f the p r e v io u s f r e e m e d i c a l c a r e f o r u n ion m e m b e r s at un ion hea lth c e n t e r . June— if e m p lo y e d at le a s t 1 y e a r ; V4 w e e k f o r e a ch q u a r te r y e a r w o r k e d , i f e m p lo y e d 6 m on th s but le s s than 1 y e a r . K a n sa s C it y ------------------------------------------------------ 3 p e r c e n t . 5 1 w e e k a fte r 1 y e a r and 2 w e e k s a fte r 5 y e a r s ; b e n e fit s p r o r a t e d H o s p ita l, s u r g i c a l, m a te r n it y , d i s a b ilit y , and death b e n e fit s , f o r w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d o v e r 8 m on th s as o f A p r il 1, a c c o r d in g and r e im b u r s e m e n t o f d o c t o r 's f e e s ; a ls o , f r e e m e d ic a l c a r e to the n u m b e r o f m on th s o f e m p lo y m e n t. B e n e fit s w e r e b a s e d f o r u n ion m e m b e r s at un ion h ea lth c e n t e r . on w o r k e r 's a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s in the y e a r ending the p r e v io u s M a rc h 31. L o s A n g e le s —L on g B e a c h ___________________ 6 V2 p e r c e n t . 2 p e r c e n t o f w o r k e r 's e a rn in g s in the p r e v io u s c a le n d a r y e a r , H o s p ita l, s u r g i c a l, and d ea th b e n e fit s . w ith a m in im u m p a y m en t o f $ 2 . N ew Y o r k ______________________________________ 6 V2 p e r c e n t . $70 f o r o p e r a t o r s , fi n is h e r s , p r e s s e r s , c u t t e r s , e x a m in e r s , and H o s p ita l, b u tton h ole m a k e r s ; $60 f o r f e l l e r s and s p e c i a l m a c h in e o p e r b e n e fit s . a t o r s ; and $50 f o r fl o o r w o r k e r s . m e d i c a l, d i s a b ilit y , N e w a rk and J e r s e y C it y -------------------------------- 7 p ercen t. $70 f o r o p e r a t o r s , p r e s s e r s , and $50 f o r f l o o r w o r k e r s . and c u t t e r s ; $60 f o r fi n is h e r s ; H o s p ita l, b e n e fit s . m e d i c a l, P a t e r s o n — lift o n — a s s a i c ---------------------------- 6 V2 p e r c e n t . C P $70 f o r o p e r a t o r s , p r e s s e r s , and $50 fo r f l o o r w o r k e r s . and cu tters; $60 f o r f i n is h e r s ; H o s p ita l, b e n e fit s . m e d i c a l, P h il a d e lp h ia ___________________________________ 6 V2 p e r c e n t . 2 p e r c e n t o f w o r k e r 's e a rn in g s in the p r e v io u s c a le n d a r y e a r H o s p ita l, s u r g i c a l, d i s a b ilit y , m a te r n it y , c l in i c a l, and e y e g la s s w ith p a y m e n ts in C a m d e n ra n g in g f r o m $10 m in im u m to $65 b e n e fit s in C a m d e n and h o s p it a l, s u r g i c a l, c l in i c a l, and d i s m a x im u m , and in P h ila d e lp h ia , f r o m a $15 m in im u m to a $65 a b ilit y b e n e fit s in P h ila d e lp h ia . m a x im u m . San F r a n c i s c o — a k la n d ______________________ O 33/ 4 p e r c e n t o f w o r k e r 's e a rn in g s in the p r e v io u s c a le n d a r y e a r . M e d ic a l, P a y m e n ts ra n g e d f r o m $10 to $263 f o r annual e a rn in g s f r o m $250 to $ 7 ,0 0 0 . 7 p ercen t. m a te r n it y , c l in i c a l, d i s a b i li t y , m a te r n ity , e y e g la s s , m a te r n it y , e y e g la s s , and death d i s a b ilit y , m a te r n it y , e y e g la s s , and death d is a b ilit y , m a te r n it y , e y e g la s s , and death d i s a b ilit y , e y e g la s s , and death b e n e fit s . In a fe w sh o p s in C h ic a g o and 1 in B a lt im o r e , p r o v is io n s d i ff e r e d s lig h t ly f r o m th o s e show n. E m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s to th e h e a lth , w e lf a r e , and v a c a tio n fund w e r e b a s e d on p a y r o lls f o r w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y u n ion a g r e e m e n t s . V a c a t io n b e n e fit s p a id f r o m un ion fund in a ll a r e a s ex ce p t C h ic a g o and K a n sa s C ity w h e re v a c a t io n p a y m e n ts w e r e m a d e b y e m p lo y e r s d i r e c t l y to the w o r k e r s . E m p lo y e r s c o n t r ib u t e d V2 p e r c e n t o f w e e k ly p a y r o lls f o r w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y the a g r e e m e n t s to a h e a lth fund . A n a d d itio n a l 1 p e r c e n t o f p a y r o lls f o r c o v e r e d w o r k e r s w as con tr ib u te d to a h ea lth c e n t e r fund . 5 E m p lo y e r s c o n t r ib u t e d l 3/ 4 p e r c e n t o f w e e k ly p a y r o lls f o r w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y the a g r e e m e n t s to a h ea lth and w e lf a r e fund . A n a d d itio n a l 1V4 p e r c e n t o f p a y r o l ls f o r c o v e r e d w o r k e r s w as c o n t r ib u t e d f o r the s u p p o r t o f a un ion h ea lth c e n t e r . 1 2 3 4 1 0 CO Table 20. Retirement Plans 10 * (R etirem en t p r o v isio n s 1 fo r w ork ers co v e re d by International L ad ies' G arm ent W o rk e rs ’ Union co n tr a c ts in w om en 's and m is s e s ' coa t and suit m anufacturing e sta b lish m en ts, 9 se le c te d a re a s , August 1965) A rea B en efits to q u alified w o r k e r s 3 E m p loy er contrib ution 2 B a lt im o r e --------------------------------------------------- 3 p ercen t. $ 50 a m onth, after age 65; tota lly disa b led w ork ers; lu m p -su m $ 500 death ben efit. w o r k e r s , at age 60; red u ced b en efits fo r e a r lie r retirem en t to qu alified C h ic a g o ____________________________________ 5 percen t. $ 50 a m onth, after age 65; tota lly d isa bled w ork e r s; lu m p -su m $ 500 death ben efit. w o rk e r s, at age 60; red u ced b en efits fo r e a r lie r re tire m e n t to qu alified K ansas C ity.... . .... . . 2 lk p ercen t. $ 50 a m onth, after age 65; tota lly d isa bled w ork e r s; lu m p -su m $ 500 death ben efit. w o rk e r s , at age 60; red u ced b en efits fo r e a r lie r re tire m e n t to qu alified L os A n g eles—L ong B e a c h ------------------------- 5 V2 p ercen t. $ 50 a m onth, after age 65; totally disa b led w o rk e r s; lu m p -su m $ 500 death ben efit. w o rk e r s, at age 60; red u ced b en efits for e a r lie r retirem en t to q ualified New Y ork ___________________________________ 6 V2 p ercen t. $ 65 a m onth, after age 65; totally d isa bled w o rk e r s; lu m p -su m $ 500 death b en efit. w o r k e r s , at age 60; red u ced ben efits fo r e a r lie r retirem en t to q ualified N ew ark and J e r s e y C ity ---------------------------- 672 percen t. $ 6 5 a m onth, a fter age 65; totally disa b led w o rk e r s; lu m p -su m $ 500 death ben efit. w ork e r s, at age 60; red u ced ben efits fo r e a r lie r retirem en t to qu alified P a te rso n — lifton — a s s a i c -----------------------C P 672 percen t. $ 6 5 a m onth, a fter age 65; totally disa b led w o r k e r s , at age 60; red u ced ben efits w o rk e r s; lu m p -su m $ 500 death ben efit. fo r e a r lie r retirem en t to q ualified P h ila d e lp h ia ----------------------------------------------- 37 2 p ercen t in Cam den. 5 percen t in P hiladelphia. $ 50 a m onth, after age 65; totally disa b led w o rk e r s; lu m p -s u m $ 500 death b en efit. fo r e a r lie r retirem en t to q ualified San F r a n c is c o — akland----------------------------O percen t. w o rk e r s, at age 60; red u ced ben efits $ 50 a m onth, after age 65; tota lly d isa b led w ork e r s m eeting ce r ta in s e r v ic e req u irem en ts m ay re t ir e at any age with full b en efits; red u ced b en efits fo r e a rly retirem en t are paid 1to other q u alified w o rk e r s; lu m p -s u m $ 500 death benefit. In a few shops in C h ica g o, p r o v isio n s d iffe re d slightly from those shown. E m p lo y e r con trib u tion s to re tire m e n t fund w ere b ased on p a y rolls fo r w ork e r s c o v e r e d by union a greem en ts. O ther than b en efits a va ila ble under F ed e r a l o ld -a g e , su r v iv o rs, and d isa b ility in su ra n ce. Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey Scope of Survey The survey included establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing women's, m isses', and juniors' suits and coats, except fur coats and raincoats (part of industry 2337 as defined in the 1957 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and 1963 Supplement, prepared by the U. S. Bureau of the Budget). Shops making coats of "manmade" fur (a textile product) and contract shops making single skirts for suit manufacturers or for suit jobbers were included in the study, but regular (inside) shops and jobbing shops primarily engaged in producing single skirts and contract shops working on skirts for such establish ments were excluded. The jobbing shops included in the study were limited to those which perform some manufacturing operation such as cutting, finishing, or packing and shipping. The establishments studied were selected from those employing four workers or more at the time of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists (unemployment insurance listings compiled by the various State agencies). The number of establishments and workers actually studied by the Bureau, as well as the number estimated to be in the industry during the payroll period studied, are shown in the following table: Estimated Number of Establishments and Employees Within Scope of Women's and Misses' Coat and Suit IndustrySurvey and Number Studied, 9 Selected Areas, August 1965 Number of establ ishme nts2 Within scope of study Studied Baltimore-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Chicago-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Kansas City-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Los Angeles—Long Beach-------------------------------------------------------New Y ork-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Regular shops ------------------------------------------------------------------Contract shops--------------------------------------------------------------------Newark and Jersey City-----------------------------------------------------------Paterson—Clifton—Passaic-----------------------------------------------------Philadelphia---------------------------------------------------------------------------San Francisco—Oakland---------------------------------------------------------- 8 22 11 69 1,063 555 508 132 72 26 14 6 19 11 29 175 78 97 46 30 15 9 Total-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1,417 340 Workers in establishments Area1 Within scope of study Studied Production workers Total3 572 1,344 2,403 2, 759 34, 728 15, 127 19,601 7,331 3,854 1,963 838 489 1, 184 2,062 2,142 28,334 9,893 18,441 6,756 3,624 1,843 696 522 1,306 2,403 1,437 8,544 3,721 4,823 3,286 1,871 1,099 740 55, 792 47,130 21,208 Total3 * Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U. S. Bureau of the Budget through March 1965 (see individual area tables for counties included in the 9 areas). ^ Includes only shops with 4 workers or more at the time of reference of the universe data, 3 Includes executive, professional, office, and other workers in addition to production workers. 4 Includes jobbing shops performing some manufacturing operations, in addition to regular (inside) shops. Method of Study Data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field economists under the direction of the Bureau's Assistant Regional Directors for Wages and Industrial Relations. The survey was conducted on a sample basis. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments were given their appropriate weight. All estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry in the areas, excluding only those below the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe data. Establishment Definition An establishment, for purposes of this study, is defined as a single physical location where industrial operations are performed. An establishment is not necessarily identical with the company, which may consist of one or more establishments. The terms "estab lishment" and "shop" are used interchangeably in this bulletin. 25 26 Employment The estimates of the number of workers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The advance planning necessary to make a wage survey requires the use of lists of estab lishments assembled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied. Production Workers The term "production workers, " as used in this bulletin, includes working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative, executive, professional, and force-account construction employees, who were utilized as a separate work force on the firm's own properties, were excluded. Occupations Selected for Study Occupational classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment and inter area variations in duties within the same job. (See appendix B for these descriptions.) The occupations were chosen for their numerical importance, their usefulness in collective bargaining, or their representativeness of the entire job scale in the industry. Working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers were not reported in the selected occupations but were included in the data for all production workers. Wage Data The wage information relates to average straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incen tive payments, such as those resulting from piecework or production bonus systems and cost-of-living bonuses, were included as part of the workers' regular pay; but nonproduction bonus payments, such as Christmas or yearend bonuses, were excluded. Average hourly rates or earnings for each occupation or other groups of workers, such as men, women, or production workers, were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number of individuals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were obtained by dividing straight-time salary by normal rather than actual hours. Method of Wage Payment Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the number of workers paid under the various time and incentive wage systems. Formal rate structures for time-rated workers provide single rates or a range of rates for individual job categories. In the absence of a formal rate structure, pay rates are determined primarily with reference to the qualifications of the individual worker. A single rate structure is one in which the same rate is paid to all experienced workers in the same job classification. Learners, apprentices, or proba tionary workers may be paid according to rate schedules which start below the single rate and permit the workers to achieve the full job rate over a period of time. Individual experienced workers may occasionally be paid above or below the single rate for special reasons, but such payments are regarded as exceptions. Range of rate plans are those in which the minimum and/or maximum rates paid experienced workers for the same job are specified. Specific rates of individual workers within the range may be determined by merit, length of service, or a combination of various concepts of merit and length of service. Incentive workers are classified under piecework or bonus plans. Piecework is work for which a predetermined rate is paid for each unit of output. Production bonuses are based on production in excess of a quota or for completion of a job in less than standard time. Scheduled Weekly Hours. Data refer to the predominant work schedule for full-time production workers employed on the day shift. Supplementary Benefits. Supplementary benefits are presented in terms of the pro visions of the collective bargaining agreements with the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, which were in effect in establishments employing about 93 percent of the workers in the nine areas. Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descrip tions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to estab lishment and from area to area. This permits the group ing of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablish ment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and pro bationary workers. CUTTER AND MARKER Marks the outlines of various garment parts on a ply of fabrics and cuts out parts with shears, hand knife, or powered cutting machine. May spread or lay up cloth on cutting table. Workers who specialize in cutting or in marking and workers engaged in marking and cutting linings and trimmings are included. Specialized markers using perforated patterns, and marking by use of talcum, are excluded as are all workers who specialize in spreading cloth. INSPECTOR, FINAL (EXAMINER) Examines and inspects completed garments prior to pressing or shipping. Work involves determining whether the garments conform to shop standards of quality, and marking defects such as dropped stitches, bad seams, etc. May make minor repairs. In many shops manufacturing inexpensive garments there will be no inspectors falling within this classification; and in those shops, whatever inspection is carried on is usually performed by thread trimmers, who may only casually inspect garments and are, therefore, excluded. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order -to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. PRESSER Performs pressing operations (finish or under) on garments or garment parts by means of a handpressing iron and/or powered press or mangle. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of pressing equipment, as follows: Presser, hand Presser, machine Presser, hand and machine 27 28 PRESSER— Continued Workers are classified as "pressers, hand and machine” when sizable proportions of their work are performed by each of the two methods. Otherwise, the predominant type of pressing is the determining factor in classification. SEWER, HAND (FINISHER) (Bench worker) Performs sewing operations by hand including sewing on buttons, making button holes, stitching edges, closing openings that have been left by various hand and machine operations. Workers who specialize in sewing tickets or labels are excluded. SEWING-MACHINE OPERATOR, SECTION SYSTEM Uses a standard or special purpose sewing machine to perform the sewing operations required in making parts of garments, joining parts made by others, joining various sections together, or in attaching previously completed parts to partially completed garments, but does not construct the entire garment. In shops that operate entirely on a section (or bundle) system this classification would include all sewing-machine operators (except buttonhole makers, button sewers, and lining sewers), without any differentiation of operators by type of machine or operation performed. In shops that operate partly on a section system, this classification would include all operators who do not construct an entire garment. SEWING-MACHINE OPERATOR, SINGLEHAND (TAILOR) SYSTEM Performs all the standard sewing-machine operations involved in the manufacture of a complete garment. Work involves assembling and joining all parts of the garment except those added by finishers. Is usually an experienced operator working on better grade apparel in which the variety of design is so great and style changes so frequent as to prevent the economical use of a section system. Workers, employed in a singlehand system shop, who pair-up and work as a team and divide work tickets equally are included. This arrangement is informal, in contrast to the section system in which rates are established for individual operations. THREAD TRIMMER (CLEANER) (Clipper) Trims loose thread ends, basting threads and seam edges of garments with scissors prior to pressing or packing. Workers who also carefully examine and inspect garments are classified as inspectors, final. Industry Wage Studies The most recent reports for industries included in the Bureau’ s program of industry wage surveys since January 1950 are listed below. Those for which a price is shown are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. , 20402, or any of its regional sales offices. Those for which a price is not shown may be obtained free as long as a supply is available, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D. C. , 20212, or from any of the regional offices shown on the inside back cover. I. Occupational Wage Studies Manufactur ing Basic Iron and Steel, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1358 (30 cents). Candy and Other Confectionery Products, I960. BLS Report 195. ^Canning and Freezing, 1957. BLS Report 136. Cigar Manufacturing, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1436 (30 cents). Cigarette Manufacturing, 1965. BLS Bulletin 147 2 (20 cents). Cotton Textiles, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1410 (40 cents). Distilled Liquors, 1952. Series 2, No. 88. Fabricated Structural Steel, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1463 (30 cents). Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1362 (40 cents). Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1337 (30 cents). Fluid Milk Industry, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1464 (30 cents). Footwear, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1360 (45 cents). Hosiery, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1456 (45 cents). Industrial Chemicals, 1955. BLS Report 103. Iron and Steel Foundries, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1386 (40 cents). Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1378 (40 cents). Machinery Manufacturing, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1476 (25 cents). Meat Products, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1415 (75 cents). Men’ s and Boys1 Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1457 (40 cents). Men's and Boys' Suits and Coats, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1424 (65 cents). Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 196*4. BLS Bulletin 1439 (35 cents). Miscellaneous Textiles, 1953. BLS Report 56. Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Parts, 1963. BLS Bulletin 139 3 (45 cents). Nonferrous Foundries, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1498 (40 cents). Paints and Varnishes, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1318 (30 cents). Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1478 (70 cents). Petroleum Refining, 1959. BLS Report 158. Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1423 (30 cents). "'Processed Waste, 1957. BLS Report 124. Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1341 (40 cents). Radio, Television, and Related Products, 1951. Series 2, No. 84. Railroad Cars, 1952. Series 2, No. 86. *Raw Sugar, 1957. BLS Report 136. Southern Sawmills and Planing M ills, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1361 (30 cents). Structural Clay Products, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1459 (45 cents). Synthetic Fibers, 1958. BLS Report 143. Synthetic Textiles, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1414 (35 cents). Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1311 (35 cents). ^Tobacco Stemming and Redrying, 1957, BLS Report 136. * Studies o f the effects o f the $1 m inim um w age. I. Occupational Wage Studies— Continued Manufacturing— Continued West Coast Sawmilling, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1455 (30 cents). Women's and M isses' Coats and Suits, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1371 (25 cents). Women's and M isses' D resses, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1391 (30 cents). Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1496 (40 cents). *Wooden Containers, 1957. BLS Report 126. Wool Textiles, 1962. BLS Bulletin 137 2 (45 cents). Work Clothing, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1440 (35 cents). Nonmanufactur ing Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1452 (30 cents). Banking, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1466 (30 cents). Bituminous Coal Mining, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1383 (45 cents). Communications, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1467 (20 cents). Contract Cleaning Services, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1327 (25 cents). Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, I960. BLS Report 181. Department and Women’ s Ready-to-W ear Stores, 1950. Series 2, No. 78. Eating and Drinking Places, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1400 (40 cents). Electric and Gas Utilities, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1374 (50 cents). Hospitals, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1409 (50 cents). Hotels and M otels, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1406 (40 cents). Laundries and Cleaning Services, 1963. BLS Bulletin 1401 (50 cents). Life Insurance, 1961. BLS Bulletin 1324 (30 cents). Nursing Homes and Related Facilities, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1492 (45 cents). II. Other Industry Wage Studies Factory W orkers1 Earnings— Distribution by Straight-Time Hourly Earnings, 1958. BLS Bulletin 1252 (40 cents). Factory W orkers’ Earnings— Selected Manufacturing Industries, 1959. BLS Bulletin 1275 (35 cents). Retail Trade: Employee Earnings in Retail Trade, June 1962 (Overall Summary of the Industry). BLS Bulletin 1380 (45 cents). Employee Earnings at Retail Building M aterials, Hardware, and Farm Equipment Dealers, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1380-1 (25 cents). Employee Earnings in Retail General Merchandise Stores, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1380-2 (45 cents). Employee Earnings in Retail Food Stores, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1380-3 (40 cents). Employee Earnings at Retail Automotive Dealers and in Gasoline Service Stations, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1380-4 (40 cents). Employee Earnings in Retail Apparel and A ccessory Stores, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1380-5 (45 cents). Employee Earnings in Retail Furniture, Home Furnishings, and Household Appliance Stores, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1380-6 (40 cents). Employee Earnings in Miscellaneous Retail Stores, June 1962. BLS Bulletin 1380-7 (40 cents). Employee Earnings in Nonmetropolitan Areas of the South and North Central Regions, 1962. BLS Bulletin 1416 (40 cents).* * Studies o f the effects o f the $1 m in im u m w a g e . ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING O FF IC E : 1966 O - 220-974 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES