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INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits AUGUST 1962 Bulletin No. 1371 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard W irtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STA TISTIC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits AUGUST 1962 Bulletin No. 1371 UNITED STA TES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W . W illard W irtz, Secretary BUREA U O F LABO R STA TISTIC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents Preface The resu lts o f a B ureau o f L a b o r S ta tistics s u r vey o f w ages and supplem en tary p r a c tic e s in the w om en ’ s and m i s s e s 1 coat and suit indu stry in 10 im portan t ce n te rs in August 1962 a re su m m a rized in this bulletin . Separate r e le a s e s fo r the a re a s, issu e d within a few m onths a fter the p a y r o ll p e rio d studied, m ay be obtained fr o m the B u reau o f L a bor S ta tistics, W ashington 25, D. C . , o r fr o m any o f its reg ion a l o ffic e s . This bulletin was p re p a re d by F re d W. M ohr in the B ureau’ s D iv ision o f O ccu pation al P ay, under the gen e r a l d ire ctio n o f H. M . Douty, A ssista n t C o m m iss io n e r fo r W ages and In du strial R ela tion s. F ie ld w ork fo r the su rv ey was d ir e cte d by the A ssista n t R egion a l D ir e c to r s f o r W ages and In du strial R ela tion s. O ther re p o rts a vaila b le fr o m the B u reau ’ s p r o gram o f indu stry wage stu dies, as w ell as the a d d re s s e s o f the B u reau ’ s s ix reg ion a l o ffic e s , a re lis te d at the end o f this bulletin . m Contents P age Industry c h a r a c t e r is t ic s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A v e ra g e h ou rly e a r n in g s __________________________________________________________ O ccu pation al earn in gs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E sta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p plem en tary w age p r o v is io n s -------------------------Scheduled w eek ly h ou rs _______________________________________________________ P a id h o l id a y s ___________________________________________________________________ Health, w e lfa r e , and va ca tion b e n e f i t s ---------------------------------------------------------S ev e ra n ce b e n e f i t s _____________________________________________________________ R e tire m e n t p l a n s _______________________________________________________________ 1 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 T a b le s: E arnings d istrib u tion : 1. 2. 3. A ll p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s ___________________________________________________ W om en p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ______________________________________________ M en p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s __________________________________________________ 6 7 8 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s : 4. S e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s ______________________________________________________ 9 O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s : 5. 6. B a lt im o r e ___________________________________________________________________ B o s t o n _______________________________________________________________________ 10 11 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. K a n sa s C i t y _________________________________________________________________ L o s A n g e le s —L on g B e a c h _________________________________________________ N ew Y o r k — a ll s h o p s ______________________________________________________ N ew Y o r k — r e g u la r and jo b b in g s h o p s __________________________________ N ew Y o r k — c o n t r a c t s h op s _______________________________________________ N ew a rk and J e r s e y C i t y ___________________________________________________ P a t e r s o n —C lifton —P a s s a i c ________________________________________________ P h ila d e lp h ia ________________________________________________________________ San F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d __________________________________________ 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 E s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s : 17. 18. 19. 20. S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s ___________________________________________________ P a id h o l i d a y s ___________________________________________________ •___________ H ea lth , w e l f a r e , and v a c a tio n b e n e fits _________________________________ R e t ir e m e n t p l a n s ___________________________________________________________ 22 22 23 24 A p p e n d ix e s : A. B. S c o p e and m e th o d o f s u r v e y _________________________________________________ O c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ____________________________________________________ v 25 27 Industry Wage Survey---Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, August 1962 S u m m a ry A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in the w o m e n 's and m i s s e s 1 c o a t and su it in d u s tr y ra n g e d f r o m $ 2 .8 1 in N ew Y o r k to $ 1 .8 8 in B a lt im o r e , a m on g 10 la b o r m a r k e t a r e a s s u r v e y e d b y the B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s in A u g u st 1 9 6 2 .1 In d iv id u a l e a rn in g s in e a c h a r e a w e r e w id e ly d is p e r s e d , r e fle c t in g su ch in d u s tr y c h a r a c t e r is t i c s a s the e x te n s iv e u s e o f in c e n tiv e w a g e s y s t e m s and d i f f e r e n c e s in ty p e s o f w o r k . S ew in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s a c c o u n te d f o r a la r g e s e g m e n t o f the w o r k f o r c e . S in g le h a n d -s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s t y p ic a lly had h ig h e r e a rn in g s than s e c t i o n sy stem o p e ra to rs . P r e s s e r s and c u tt e r s w e r e u s u a lly a m o n g the h ig h e s t p a id o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s stu d ied ; th re a d t r im m e r s w e r e g e n e r a lly the lo w e s t p a id . A p p r o x im a t e ly 95 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y the stu dy w e r e in sh o p s h a v in g a g r e e m e n ts w ith the In te r n a tio n a l L a d ie s 1 G a rm e n t W o r k e r s ' U nion. T h e s e a g r e e m e n t s in c lu d e d p r o v i s io n s f o r p a id v a c a t io n s , p a id h o lid a y s , v a r io u s ty p e s o f h e a lth and w e lfa r e b e n e fit s , and r e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s . In d u str y C h a r a c t e r is t ic s T h e 10 a r e a s in c lu d e d in the s u r v e y , w ith an e s tim a te d to ta l o f 47, 000 p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in A u g u st 1962, a c c o u n te d f o r m o r e than t h r e e - f if t h s o f the n a tio n w id e e m p lo y m e n t in the in d u s tr y . N ew Y o r k , the le a d in g p r o d u c tio n ce n te r, a c c o u n te d f o r 28, 145 w o r k e r s and th e n e a r b y a r e a s o f N e w a rk and J e r s e y C ity and P a t e r s o n —C lifto n —P a s s a i c , an a d d itio n a l 1 0 ,1 1 2 . L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h w a s the o n ly o th e r a r e a stu d ied in w h ich m o r e than 2, 000 w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d in th is in d u s tr y . E m p lo y m e n t in the w om en *s s u its , s k ir t s , and c o a ts in d u s tr y in A u g u st 1962, w h en s h o p s w e r e p r o d u c in g f o r f a ll and w in te r o r d e r s , w a s at the h ig h e s t l e v e l f o r the y e a r . 2 It w a s o n e -t e n t h a b o v e the annual a v e r a g e and m o r e than t w o -fift h s a b o v e the l e v e l f o r the m on th o f lo w e s t e m p lo y m e n t. E s t a b lis h m e n ts w ith fe w e r than 50 w o r k e r s a c c o u n te d f o r a lm o s t h a lf o f the e m p lo y m e n t in the 10 a r e a s . L e s s than a fifth o f th e e m p lo y m e n t w a s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith as m a n y a s 100 w o r k e r s . 1 See appendix A for scope ana method of survey; also for definition of production workers, as used in this study. The areas are Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, as defined by the U. S. Bureau of the Budget, 1961. Area definitions are thus not exactly comparable with those used in the Bureau's February 1957 study, particularly with reference to Chicago, which in the prior study, was lim ited to Cook County* New York, which was lim ited to the five boroughs; and Philadelphia, which was lim ited to Philadelphia and Delaware Counties, Pa., and Camden County, N.J. For report on earlier study, see Wage Structure: Women's and Misses' Coats and Suits, February 1957 (BLS Report 122, 1957). 2 Based on employment as reported in the Bureau's monthly employment series. 1 2 T h r e e -fo u r t h s o f the w o r k e r s in the 10 a r e a s c o m b in e d w e r e in sh op s p r i m a r il y m a k in g c o a t s . 3 T h e p r o p o r t io n s d if fe r e d , h o w e v e r , a m o n g the a r e a s . Percent of workers in shops primarily making— B altim ore-------------------------------------- -----Boston ----------------------------------------- -----C h ic a g o ---------------------------------------- -----Kansas C i t y ---------------------------------- -----Los Angeles—Long Beach --------------- -----New York1 -----------------------------------Newark and Jersey C i t y ---- ----------- -----Paterson—Clifton-Pass a ic1--------------- -----Philadelphia --------------------------------- -----San Francisco—O a k la n d -------- -------- ------ Coats Suits 79 31 63 100 54 21 69 37 46 20 26 20 32 25 74 74 68 75 1 Contract shops primarily making skirts for suit manufac turers or jobbers accounted for 2 percent of the workers in New York and 5 percent in Paterson-^Clifton-Passaic. Because o f rounding, the sums of individual items may not equal 100. T h e r e a r e th r e e ty p e s o f s h o p s in th is in d u s tr y — r e g u la r o r " i n s i d e 11 s h o p s , w h ich ow n the m a t e r ia ls and p e r f o r m a ll o r m o s t o f the m a n u fa ctu rin g o p e r a t io n s ; c o n t r a c t s h o p s , w h ich p r o c e s s m a t e r ia ls ow n ed (and fr e q u e n tly cut) b y o t h e r s ; and jo b b in g s h o p s , w h ich c o n t r a c t out m o s t m a n u fa ctu rin g o p e r a tio n s but m a y p e r f o r m su ch fu n c tio n s as cu ttin g , fin is h in g , o r p a c k in g and sh ip p in g . C o n tr a c t sh o p s a c c o u n te d f o r m o r e than n in e -te n th s o f the w o r k e r s in N e w a rk and J e r s e y C ity and P a t e r s o n — C lifto n — P a s s a i c , t h r e e - f if t h s in N ew Y o r k , and t w o -fift h s in B a lt im o r e . R e g u la r sh o p s e m p lo y e d a la r g e m a jo r i t y in e a ch o f the o th e r a r e a s . J ob b in g sh op s w e r e fou n d in s ix a r e a s , a lth ou gh th e ir e m p lo y m e n t w a s r e la t iv e ly s m a ll. S ew in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s a c c o u n te d f o r at le a s t th r e e -t e n t h s o f the to ta l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in e a ch a r e a and f o r a p p r o x im a t e ly h a lf in N e w a rk and J e r s e y C ity and P a t e r s o n —C lifto n H P a s s a ic . S ew in g s y s t e m s a r e o f tw o ty p e s — the sin g leh a n d o r t a ilo r s y s t e m , in w h ich an in d iv id u a l p e r f o r m s a ll o r m o s t o f the sew in g m a c h in e o p e r a tio n s in v o lv e d in m a k in g a c o m p le t e g a r m e n t; and the s e c t io n s y s te m , w h e r e an o p e r a t o r ’ s se w in g is lim ite d to a s p e c i f i c p a r t o r p a r ts o f a g a r m e n t. N e a r ly h a lf o f the o p e r a t o r s in N ew Y o r k and s o m e w h a t m o r e than h a lf in L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h w e r e on the s in g le h a n d s y s t e m . In the o th e r a r e a s , the p r o p o r t io n s o f the o p e r a t o r s w h o w e r e on the s e c t io n s y s t e m w e r e : A p p r o x im a t e ly t h r e e - f if t h s in C h ic a g o and San F r a n c i s c o —O ak land , f o u r - f i f t h s in B a lt im o r e , B o s to n , and P h ila d e lp h ia , and v ir t u a lly a ll in K a n sa s C ity , N ew a rk and J e r s e y C ity , and P a t e r s o n - C l i ft o n —P a s s a i c . In 5 o f 7 a r e a s f o r w h ich data a r e sh ow n f o r s in g le h a n d -s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s , m e n w e r e p r e d o m in a n t; m o s t s e c t i o n - s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s in e a ch a r e a w e r e w o m e n . M en a c c o u n te d f o r h a lf o f a ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in N ew Y o r k — s e v e n ten th s in the r e g u la r and jo b b in g s h o p s and a bou t t w o -fift h s in the c o n t r a c t s h o p s . In e a ch o f the o th e r a r e a s , w o m e n w e r e in the m a jo r i t y , the p r o p o r t io n s ra n g in g f r o m a p p r o x im a te ly t w o -t h ir d s in B o s t o n , C h ic a g o , and L o s A n g e le s — L o n g B e a c h to a lm o s t s e v e n -e ig h t h s in K a n sa s C ity . ^ The number of coats produced during August was almost four times as great as the number of suits. Current Industrial Reports. Series M23H (62)-8, Bureau of the Census, October 22, 1962. 3 In c e n tiv e p a y , a lm o s t a lw a y s in d iv id u a l p ie c e w o r k , a p p lie d to m o r e than t w o -fift h s o f the w o r k e r s w ith in the s c o p e o f the stu d y . A s in d ic a te d in th e fo llo w in g ta b u la tio n , the p r o p o r t io n s d if fe r e d a m o n g the a r e a s . W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d as p r e s s e r s and se w in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s w e r e c o m m o n ly p a id o n th is b a s is in m o s t a r e a s . Percent of workers paid incentive rates B altim ore--------------------Boston-------------------------C h ic a g o ----------------------Kansas C i t y -----------------Los Angeles-Long Beach New Y o r k --------------------Newark and Jersey City Pat ersonr-Cl ifto n-Pass aic Philadelphia ---------------San Francisco-Oakland 26 48 61 71 47 44 38 29 69 62 C o lle c t iv e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s w ith the In te r n a tio n a l L a d ies* G a rm e n t W o rk e rs * U nion w e r e in e f fe c t in sh op s e m p lo y in g a p p r o x im a t e ly 95 p e r c e n t o f th e p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in the a r e a s stu d ie d . A v e r a g e H o u r ly E a r n in g s V a r ia tio n s in a r e a a v e r a g e s f o r p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s w e r e p a r t ly due to d if f e r e n c e s in m a n u fa ctu rin g m e th o d s and p r o c e s s e s . N ew Y o r k and L o s A n g e l e s L o n g B e a c h , w ith a v e r a g e s o f $ 2 .8 1 and $ 2 .6 0 , r e s p e c t i v e l y , m a d e the m o s t e x te n s iv e u s e o f th e s in g leh a n d (t a ilo r ) s y s t e m o f s e w in g . T h is s y s t e m r e q u ir e s m o r e h ig h ly tr a in e d o p e r a t o r s than a r e g e n e r a lly n e e d e d on the s e c t io n s y s t e m , w h ich w as p r e d o m in a n t in e a c h o f the r e m a in in g a r e a s . P r o d u c t io n - w o r k e r a v e r a g e s in N e w a rk and J e r s e y C ity ( $ 2 .2 5 ) and P a t e r s o n —C lift o r r -P a s s a ic ( $ 2 . 1 3 ) , w h e r e v ir t u a lly a ll s e w in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s w e r e on the s e c t io n s y s t e m , w e r e a ls o in flu e n c e d to s o m e e x te n t b y the d o m in a tio n o f c o n t r a c t s h op s m a n u fa ctu rin g g a r m e n ts f r o m m a t e r ia ls ow n ed and f r e q u en tly cu t b y o t h e r s . A s a r e s u lt , the p r o p o r t io n o f c u tt e r s and m a r k e r s w h o u s u a lly r e c e i v e r e la t iv e ly h ig h w a g e s w a s s m a l le r in th e s e a r e a s than in th e o t h e r s . K a n sa s C ity and B a lt im o r e w e r e the o n ly a r e a s s tu d ie d in w h ich a v e r a g e e a r n in g s w e r e b e lo w $ 2 an h o u r . (S ee ta b le 1 .) In e a c h o f th e s e a r e a s , m o r e than f o u r - f i f t h s o f the se w in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s w e r e on the s e c t io n s y s t e m . In a ll but tw o a r e a s , p r o d u c t io n -w o r k e r a v e r a g e s w e r e s u b s ta n tia lly h ig h e r in A u g u st 1962 than in F e b r u a r y 1957, the d ate o f a s im i la r stu d y c o n d u c te d b y the B u r e a u .4 In C h ic a g o , w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d 5 ce n ts an h o u r m o r e in A u g u st 1962 than in F e b r u a r y 1957; the A u g u st 1962 a v e r a g e f o r w o r k e r s in B o s t o n w a s 3 ce n ts b e lo w the e a r l i e r a v e r a g e . In the la t t e r a r e a , the p r o p o r tio n o f a ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d a s s in g le h a n d -s y s t e m se w in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ( p r im a r i ly m e n ) w a s l e s s than a ten th in A u g u st 1962, c o m p a r e d w ith a fifth in 1957. A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r m o s t o c c u p a t io n s in B o s to n f o r w h ich c o m p a r is o n s c o u ld b e m a d e had i n c r e a s e d s in c e the e a r l i e r stu dy. A As indicated in footnote 1, the area definitions used in the current study differ somewhat from those used in 1957 in some instances; thus, the earnings are not exactly comparable. 4 M en as a g rou p a v e r a g e d a p p r o x im a te ly 20 p e r c e n t m o r e than w o m e n in K a n sa s C ity ; b etw e e n 30 and 40 p e r c e n t m o r e in f iv e a r e a s ; a p p r o x im a te ly 50 p e r c e n t m o r e in C h ic a g o and San F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d ; and b e tw e e n 60 and 70 p e r c e n t m o r e in L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h and P h ila d e lp h ia . (S ee ta b le s 2 and 3 .) T h e d if fe r e n c e in the g e n e r a l e a rn in g s l e v e ls f o r m e n and w o m e n r e f l e c t s the c o n c e n tr a tio n o f m e n in jo b s r e q u ir in g the g r e a t e s t e x p e r ie n c e and s k ill, s u ch as cu ttin g and m a r k in g , p r e s s i n g , and the s in g le h a n d s y s t e m o f s e w in g . In N ew Y o r k , f o r e x a m p le , m e n o u tn u m b e r e d w o m e n as s in g le h a n d -s y s t e m se w in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s by a r a tio o f m o r e than to 1; o n the o th e r hand, w o m e n o u tn u m b e r e d m e n as s e c t i o n - s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s b y a r a tio o f m o r e than 4 to 1. Zl/z E a r n in g s as lo w as $ 1 . 15 and as h ig h as $ 5 an h o u r w e r e r e c o r d e d f o r s o m e w o r k e r s in a ll a r e a s . A fo u r th o f th e w o r k e r s in B a lt im o r e e a r n e d $ 1 .6 0 but l e s s than $ 1 .7 0 an h o u r . In n on e o f the o th e r a r e a s w a s th e r e any la r g e c o n c e n tr a tio n o f w o r k e r s at a p a r t ic u la r p o in t in the e a r n in g s d is t r ib u t io n . T h e w id e d is p e r s io n o f in d iv id u a l e a rn in g s r e f l e c t s the e x te n s iv e u s e o f in d iv id u a l p ie c e ra te p a y p la n s and the s h a r p ly d iffe r e n t e a rn in g s f o r the m a jo r o c c u p a t io n s . O c c u p a tio n a l E a r n in g s T h e 10 o c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s if i c a t io n s f o r w h ich data a r e p r e s e n t e d in ta b le 4 a c c o u n te d f o r n e a r ly f o u r - fi ft h s o f the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s w ith in th e s c o p e o f the stu dy. A lm o s t h a lf o f the w o r k e r s in th e s e o c c u p a tio n s w e r e se w in g m a c h in e op e ra to rs. In N ew Y o r k , s in g le h a n d -s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s a v e r a g e d $ 3 .4 5 an h o u r, c o m p a r e d w ith $ 2 .4 9 f o r s e c t i o n - s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s . In the o th e r fiv e a r e a s f o r w h ich data a r e sh ow n f o r b o th ty p e s o f o p e r a t io n s , a v e r a g e e a rn in g s o f s in g le h a n d -s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s e x c e e d e d th o s e o f s e c t i o n - s y s t e m o p e r a t o r s b y s u b s ta n tia l a m ou n ts. M a ch in e p r e s s e r s , p r e d o m in a n tly m e n , had the h ig h e s t h o u r ly e a rn in g s a m on g the jo b s stu d ied s e p a r a t e ly in fiv e a r e a s , w ith a v e r a g e s o f $ 4 . 38 in N ew Y o r k and $ 4 . 61 in C h ic a g o . C u tte rs and m a r k e r s and w o r k e r s p e r f o r m in g b o th hand and m a c h in e p r e s s in g w e r e a ls o a m o n g the h ig h e s t p a id jo b s s tu d ie d . T h r e a d t r im m e r s , n e a r ly a ll w o m e n , had the lo w e s t a v e r a g e e a r n in g s a m on g the o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d in e ig h t o f the n in e a r e a s f o r w h ich d ata co u ld b e p r e s e n t e d f o r th is o c c u p a tio n . T h e ir a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s ra n g e d f r o m $ 1 .2 6 in B a lt im o r e to $ 1 .7 0 in K a n sa s C ity . E a r n in g s o f in d iv id u a l w o r k e r s v a r ie d g r e a t ly w ith in the s a m e jo b and area. (S ee ta b le s 5—1 6 .) P a r t ic u l a r ly a m o n g p ie c e w o r k j o b s , h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f th e h ig h e s t p a id w o r k e r c o m m o n ly e x c e e d e d th o s e o f the lo w e s t p a id w o r k e r in the s a m e jo b and a r e a b y s u b s ta n tia lly m o r e than $1 an h o u r , e v e n w hen w o r k e r s at the e x t r e m e s w e r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e m e a s u r e . T h e fo llo w in g ta b u la tio n in d ic a te s th e n u m b e r o f in c e n t iv e -p a id w o m e n s e w in g m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s (s e c t io n s y s te m ) in N ew Y o r k w ith s p e c if ie d h o u r ly e a r n in g s . Hourly earnings Number o f workers $1.50 -------------------------------------------------and under $2.00 ---------------------------------and under $3.00 - ..........- .......................— and under $4.00 ---------------------------------and o v e r ----------------------------------------------- 199 565 1, 286 369 86 T o t a l .................... - ........................................ 2,505 Average hourly earnings --------------------------------- $2.41 Under $1.50 $2.00 $3.00 $4.00 5 E s ta b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p le m e n ta r y W age P r o v i s i o n s S ch e d u le d W e e k ly H o u r s . W o rk s c h e d u le s o f 35 h o u r s a w e e k w e r e in e f fe c t in A u g u st 1962 in sh op s e m p lo y in g n in e -te n th s o r m o r e o f the p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in s ix a r e a s and m o r e than t h r e e - f o u r t h s in th r e e o th e r s (ta b le 17). A m a jo r i t y o f the w o r k e r s in B o s t o n w e r e e m p lo y e d in sh o p s r e p o r tin g a 4 0 hour w orkw eek. P r o v i s i o n s f o r p a id h o lid a y s , h e a lth and w e lfa r e b e n e fit s , v a c a tio n p a y , s e v e r a n c e b e n e fit s , and r e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s w e r e stip u la te d in c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n ts w ith the In te r n a tio n a l L a d ie s 1 G a rm e n t W o rk e rs * U nion, w h ich w e r e in e f fe c t in sh op s e m p lo y in g a p p r o x im a te ly 95 p e r c e n t o f the p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s . 5 T h e p r o v i s io n s a r e s u m m a r iz e d in the fo llo w in g p a r a g r a p h s : P a id H o lid a y s . P a id h o lid a y p r o v i s io n s v a r ie d f r o m 4 d a y s a y e a r in C h ic a g o * to 6^/2 d a y s in N ew Y o r k , N e w a rk and J e r s e y C ity , P a t e r s o n —C lift o n P a s s a i c , and P h ila d e lp h ia (ta b le 18). T im e w o r k e r s w e r e p a id th e ir r e g u la r r a t e s ; in c e n tiv e w o r k e r s , in s o m e a r e a s , w e r e g iv e n fla t a m o u n ts, v a r y in g b y c r a ft , and in o th e r a r e a s , s e v e n tim e s t h e ir a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s f o r s p e c i fie d p e r i o d s . H ealth . W e lfa r e , and V a c a tio n B e n e fit s . H ealth and w e lfa r e b e n e fits in a ll a r e a s stu d ied and v a c a tio n p a y m e n ts in a ll a r e a s e x c e p t C h ic a g o and K a n sa s C ity w e r e p r o v id e d f r o m a h ea lth and w e lfa r e fund to w h ich e m p lo y e r s c o n t r i b u ted s p e c if ie d p e r c e n t a g e s o f th e ir p a y r o ll s f o r w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y the u n ion a g r e e m e n t. (S ee ta b le 1 9 .) T h e p r o v i s io n s in c lu d e d h o s p it a liz a t io n , d is a b ilit y , m a te r n ity , e y e g la s s , and d eath b e n e fits in n e a r ly a ll a r e a s and s u r g ic a l and m e d ic a l b e n e fits in s e v e r a l a rea s. In C h ic a g o and K a n sa s C ity , u n io n h e a lth c e n t e r s , w h ich p r o v id e f r e e m e d ic a l c a r e to u n ion m e m b e r s , w e r e m a in ta in e d th rou g h e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u tio n s to a h e a lth c e n t e r fun d. V a c a tio n p a y m e n ts to w o r k e r s in th r e e a r e a s v a r ie d b y o c c u p a tio n , r a n g ing f r o m $ 5 0 to $ 70 in N ew Y o r k , and $ 5 0 to $ 6 5 in N e w a rk and J e r s e y C ity and P a t e r s o n - C l i f t o n —P a s s a i c . In C h ic a g o and K a n sa s C ity , e m p lo y e r s p a id v a c a tio n b e n e fits o f 1 w e e k a fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e d ir e c t l y to the w o r k e r s ; in K a n sa s C ity , 2 w eek s* p a y w as p r o v id e d a ft e r 5 y e a rs * s e r v i c e . In the o th e r fiv e a r e a s , w o r k e r s * v a c a tio n p a y m e n ts w e r e d e te r m in e d as a p e r c e n t a g e o f th e ir ann u al e a r n in g s , w ith c e r t a in lim ita t io n s in s o m e a r e a s . S e v e r a n c e B e n e fit s . S e v e r a n c e b e n e fits w e r e p r o v id e d f r o m a n a tio n a l fund to w h ich e m p lo y e r s co n tr ib u te d o n e -h a lf p e r c e n t o f th e ir w e e k ly p a y r o lls f o r w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y th e u n ion c o n t r a c t . T h is fund p r o v id e s b oth a lu m p -s u m s e v e r a n c e a llo w a n c e and w e e k ly s u p p le m e n ta l u n e m p lo y m e n t b e n e fits to q u a li f ie d w o r k e r s . R e t ir e m e n t P la n s . R e tir e m e n t p e n s io n b e n e fits (o th e r than th o s e a v a i l a b le u n d er F e d e r a l o l d - a g e , s u r v i v o r s , and d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e ) w e r e p r o v id e d th rou g h e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u tio n s to a r e t ir e m e n t fun d. T h e a m ou n ts c o n tr ib u te d v a r ie d a m on g the a r e a s f r o m 2 V2 to 6 p e r c e n t o f the p a y r o lls f o r w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y the u n ion a g r e e m e n t s . (S ee ta b le 2 0 .) B e n e fits o f $ 6 5 a m on th w e r e p a id f r o m the fund to q u a lifie d w o r k e r s o v e r a g e 65 in N ew Y o r k , N e w a rk and J e r s e y C ity , and P a t e r s o n —C lifto n —P a s s a i c , and $ 5 0 a m on th in the o th e r a r e a s . T o t a lly d is a b le d w o r k e r s , in m o s t a r e a s , m ig h t r e t ir e w ith fu ll b e n e fits at a g e 60. T h e fund a ls o p r o v id e d a $ 5 0 0 d eath b e n e fit. * Provisions differed slightly in a few shops. Among the shops contacted which did not have a contract with the International Ladies* Garment Workers' Union, formal provisions for paid holidays and vacations were common, but insurance and pension plans were reported in only a few instances. 6 Workers in Chicago were guaranteed one-half day's pay for each holiday; those working 3 days in the holiday week received three-fourths pay and those working 4 days received full pay. C\ Table 1. Earnings Distribution: All Production Workers (P e r c e n t distribution o f all production w ork ers in w om en 's and m is s e s ' coat and suit m anufacturing establishm ents by average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings, 1 10 se le cte d are a s, August 1962) New Y ork Newark and J e r s e y City B a ltim ore Boston Chicago Kansas City L os A n g e le s Long Beach U nder $ 1. 1 5 ______________ $ 1 .1 5 and under $ 1.20 ---$ 1 .2 0 and under $ 1 . 2 5 ---- 0. 3 3. 4 2. 0 0. 9 8. 3 0. 2 3. 1 0. 1 5. 0 4 .4 0. 2 2. 1 1. 2 0. 3 1 .4 .6 1. 2 0 .4 1. 6 (3) 1.0 0 .9 4. 1 .8 $ 1. 25 $ 1. 30 $ 1.35 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1.45 3. 6 4. 9 2. 4 4. 4 3. 8 8. 5 2. 5 2. 1 2. 8 2. 7 3. . 2. 1. 1. 1.5 1.3 1. 1 1.5 1. 1 1.3 1. 0 1. 3 1. 2 1. 3 1. 7 1 .4 .9 1. 7 .9 5 .0 3 .0 1.0 2. 6 1.0 1 .4 2. 1 1.0 6. 2 25. 1 5. 1 5. 0 4 .6 4. 6 2 .5 5. 1 3. 9 3 .2 5. 1 5. 7 6. 0 4. 7 3. 6 11. 1 6. 2 2 .9 3. 3 2. 0 4 .4 3. 2 2. 7 1.9 3 .8 3. 7 2. 8 A v era g e h ou rly earnings and and and and and under under under under under $ 1.3 0 . — $ 1 . 3 5 ---$ 1 . 4 0 ---$ 1 . 4 5 ---$ 1 .5 0 — 1 2. 3 under under under under under $ 1. 6 0 ___ $ 1. 7 0 ---$ 1 . 8 0 ___ $ 1 .9 0 — $ 2.00 — $ 2. 00 and $ 2. 10 and $2. 20 and $ 2 . 30 and $2 . 40 and under under under under under $ 2. 10 — $ 2.20 — $ 2 . 30 — $ 2 . 4 0 __ $2. 50 — 3. 2. 3. 2. 1. 0 7 0 3 6. 7 4. 1 3. 2 2. 3 3 .5 5. 2 3. 9 3 .9 3 .4 2 .9 $2 . $2. $2. $ 2. $ 2. under under under under under $2 . 60 — $2 . 70 — $2 . 80 — $ 2. 90 — $ 3 . 00 __ 3. 7 2. 2 1. 8 1. 1 1. 0 4. 6 3. 9 $ 3 . 00 and $ 3 . 20 and $ 3 .4 0 and $ 3 . 60 and $ 3 . 80 and under under under under under $3. $3. $3 . $3 . $4 . 20 — 40 — 60 — 80 — 00 1. 6 1. 8 .7 2. 8 $ 4 . 00 $ 4 . 20 $ 4 . 40 $4. 60 $ 4. 80 under under under under under $4 . $4 . $4. $4. $5 . 20 40 60 80 $ 1 .5 0 and $ 1. 60 and $ 1. 70 and $ 1 .8 0 and $ 1. 90 and $5. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and and and and and and 00 and — — — — 00 — o v e r ----------------- T o t a l ________________ N um ber o f w o rk e rs --------A v era ge h ourly earnings 1 2 3 1 2 .5 1 .4 .3 . i .3 .4 . 1 . 1 100. 0 1, 026 $ 1.88 1.8 3. 7 3. 0 3. 0 2. 1 1. 2 .7 .9 .5 .7 - 1. 6 100. 0 434 $2. 13 2.0 1.3 12. 1 2. 5 0 6 5 5 3 6. 7 3. 8 6. 2 5. 8 A ll shops 2.0 Contract shops PatersonrClifton— P a ss a ic P h ila delphia San F ra n c is c o — Oakland . . 4. 4 .9 0.2 0 .4 3. 3 .8 0 2 1 1 5. 0 5. 1 2. 1 2. 8 3. 3 1. 2 2. 5 10. 4 3. 4 3. 9 2. 2 5. 0 1 1 2 .4 3. 5 2 6 5 .4 3 .4 4 .3 7. 0 4. 2 6. 1 4 .9 6. 2 7. 0 5. 6 6. 0 4. 3 5. 6 3. 6 2. 9 6. 8 5.0 6 1 4.8 2 6 1.8 2. 7 2. 1 1. 1 . . . 3. 2 4 .0 3 .5 2. 2 3. 7 3 .8 3. 8 3 .4 3. 2 4. 7 3. 8 5 .9 2. 3 2. 2 3 .5 4. 1 4 .5 2. 6 3 .8 2. 0 2. 6 2. 5 1. 5 2. 3 4 .4 5. 0 5. 6 3. 3 4. 7 7. 5 6. 0 6. 1 3. 0 4 .0 7 .9 5 .9 6. 3 2. 3 3. 7 3. 2. 3. 2. 3. 7 7 1 4 1 5. 5 2. 9 6.6 4.8 2.2 2. 9 2.3 2. 0 2. 8 2. 2 2. 7 1.9 2 .4 2 .9 1. 8 3. 3 2. 5 3. 1 1 .9 1. 5 4. 3 3. 7 4. 1 4. 8 2. 2 3 .0 4. 2 4. 5 5. 2 2. 0 5. 0 3 .4 3 .9 4 .5 2 .4 4. 3 2. 3 2.8 2.0 2. 0 3 .3 1. 3 2. 2 3. 2 1 .4 2 .4 3. 3 1. 9 1. 5 1. 8 3. 7 2.9 3. 7 2.0 7 .4 3. 6 4. 7 3 .3 2 .9 2. 6 3. 4. 2. 3. 3. 6. 8 8. 1 6. 0 10. 1 5 .9 4. 7 5 .4 3. 3 1.8 5. 1 2 .9 2. 2 2. 3 1. 2 3. 7 1. 7 1.9 1. 5 .7 3 .5 3. 5 4. 0 2. 2 1.4 5.3 2. 6 2.9 1 8 .7 1. 6 . 1.8 .7 2. 2 .3 .3 .3 .2 .3 .2 2. 8 2.0 2. 2 .8 .6 .6 .7 .2 .1 .3 1.0 .6 .2 2. 5 1. 3 .9 .6 1. 0 .9 .9 .7 .4 .4 5. 7 5. 5 4 .0 1.5 .9 .7 .7 5 5 7 0 0 3. 1 2. 6 2. 0 .7 .6 5 .2 7.2 4. 7 2. 6 3 .2 2. 1 2. 0 1.0 .7 1.2 7. 1 3. 7 4. 0 2. 3 1. 5 1. 2 .7 .5 (3) 3. 5 1.5 .7 100.0 100.0 100.0 3 .5 . . 2 2 . .7 2 4. 5 3. 7 100. 0 1,292 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1,779 2 ,4 4 6 28,145 10,715 17,430 5, 642 4,4 7 0 1, 187 544 $ 2 .5 4 $ 1 .9 5 $ 2. 60 $ 2. 81 $ 2 .9 7 $2 . 72 $2. 25 $2. 13 $ 2 .3 5 $ 2.22 . 2 .4 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes jobbin g shops p e r fo rm in g so m e manufacturing operations, in addition to regular (inside) shops. L ess than 0. 05 percen t. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Regular shops 2 3 .9 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 Table 2. Earnings Distribution: Women Production Workers (P e rce n t distribution o f women production w ork ers in w om en 's and m is s e s ' coat and suit m anufacturing establishm ents by average straigh t-tim e hourly earn in gs , 1 10 se le cte d a re a s, August 1962) A v era g e h ou rly earnings 1 B altim ore Boston Chicago Under $ 1. 1 5 _______________________ $ 1. 15 and under $ 1. 2 0 ___________ $ 1 .2 0 and under $ 1. 2 5 ___________ 0 .4 2. 2 1. 7 1.3 10.3 2. 7 0 .4 4. 5 1 .5 $ 1.25 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1.35 $ 1.40 $ 1.45 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1. 3 0 ___________ $ 1 . 3 5 ___________ $ 1. 4 0 ___________ $ 1 . 4 5 ___________ $ 1 . 5 0 ___________ 3. 5 6. 1 2. 2 5. 6 4. 8 9 .7 3 .3 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1.60 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1.8 0 $ 1.90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 . 6 0 ___________ $ 1. 7 0 ___________ $ 1. 8 0 ___________ $ 1.90 ___________ $ 2. 00 ___________ 6 .5 32.9 5. 5 5. 1 3. 8 5 .7 3 .0 6. 7 4. 7 3 .3 4. 3 $ 2. 00 $ 2.10 $ 2 . 20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2. 40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2. 10 ___________ $ 2. 20 _________ _ $2 . 3 0 ___________ $ 2 .4 0 __ ________ $ 2. 5 0 ___________ 3. 0 2 .9 2 .9 2. 2 1 .4 9 .0 6. 8 $ 2 . 50 $ 2 . 60 $2 . 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2 . 90 and and and and and under under under under under $2 . $2 . $2. $ 2. $3. 6 0 ___________ 7 0 ___________ 8 0 ___________ 9 0 ___________ 0 0 ___________ 1.0 $3 . 00 $3 . 20 $ 3 .4 0 $3. 60 $3 . 80 and and and and and under under under under under $3. $3. $3. $3. $4. 2 0 ___________ 4 0 ___________ 6 0 ___________ 8 0 ___________ 0 0 ___________ $ 4 . 00 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 . 40 $ 4 . 60 $ 4 . 80 and and and and and under under under under under $ 4 . 2 0 ___________ $ 4 . 4 0 ___________ $ 4 . 6 0 ___________ $4 . 8 0 ___________ $ 5 . 00 ___________ $ 5. 00 and o v e r ___________________ T o t a l ________________________ N um ber o f w ork ers _________ A v era ge h ou rly earnings l. -------------- 1 2 3 2.0 1.7 2. 7 3 .7 6.0 Kansas City 1.0 1.8 R egular shops 2 0.8 . 1 0 .3 3. 0 1 .9 0. 3 1.9 1- 1 1 .4 3 .4 .9 3 .5 1. 7 2. 0 0 .4 2.2 1 .4 2. 1 2. 1 Newark and J e r s e y City 0 .5 4. 1 1. 1 0. 2 1 .4 6.2 5 .3 2. 2 3 .0 2 .4 1.3 5 .4 1.9 3 .0 3 .4 1.3 3. 1 13. 1 4 .4 4. 9 3 .0 4. 6 1 .4 2 .5 4. 1 3 .2 6. 1 4. 0 4 .9 8 .3 5. 1 6. 6 5 .4 6. 8 7. 2 5 .4 7. 0 4 .5 3. 5 7. 8 6. 2 6.9 5 .0 3 .2 4. 5 3. 6 3. 2 2. 7 3 .3 3 .4 7. 6 5 .3 2. 7 2. 1 3. 6 1. 6 1. 3 1.8 2 .7 3 .4 3 .4 2. 1 2.3 2 .4 3 .0 1. 6 1.4 .7 .7 3 .4 2. 6 4. 6 4 .4 3. 8 3 .8 4. 1 4. 2 4 .2 3 .8 3 .5 6.0 4. 8 7 .8 2 .5 2 .9 5. 2 6. 6 6. 8 3. 7 6. 1 4 .0 5 .3 5 .7 3. 1 5. 7 5 .5 7 .0 7 .2 3 .8 6.2 7 .2 6 .4 3 .4 4. 1 5 .7 4 .4 2.2 1.8 2.0 2. 7 2.0 1.0 3 .8 2.8 4 .8 5. 1 4 .2 8. 0 8.2 6 .4 8 .5 6. 7 3 .7 1.3 4 .3 4 .3 4 .4 4 .9 3. 1 3 .4 2. 6 2 .5 1 .9 2 .3 2. 7 2. 1 2.2 2.0 5 .8 5. 3 5. 8 5 .9 2. 2 1.8 5 .8 4 .3 4. 8 4. 7 2.3 3 .5 2. 1 2. 7 1.5 1.9 3 .4 1.3 1.3 3. 2 2. 6 2 .9 2. 1 1 .4 5. 6 8 .5 9 .2 9 .7 .3 2. 7 3 .0 1 .7 3 .3 1.3 6 1.0 .4 .1 2.0 1.3 2.0 1.0 3. 6 2. 5 3. 0 1 .3 1 .4 2. 1 1. 5 .7 .5 .3 2. 6 4. 2 1 .4 1. 0 1. 2 4. 6 3. 0 2. 6 2. 2 1. 2 4 .4 4 .4 2 .5 4 .4 2.3 4. 6 2. 6 2 .7 1. 5 .9 3. 6 2.3 1. 7 2 .3 1.3 .9 .7 .3 1. 0 .8 .2 1. 3 .5 .5 .3 •1 1. 2 - .9 . 1 .6 _ . 1 1 .7 .7 .2 .3 .1 .1 .1 .1 .5 .4 .1 .5 .5 .2 .2 .3 .6 (3) (3 ) .1 _ _ _ .7 .3 .5 .3 .3 .9 1.8 . 1 . .4 .3 - .3 .1 •1 . _ _ _ - .8 .8 6 . 6.6 2. 7 4 .2 1.8 2. 6 1 .4 .3 .3 .1 .2 (3) 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 1 100.0 770 300 841 1,534 1,606 14, 042 3, 248 10,794 4 ,3 2 5 3,581 $1. 75 $ 1 .9 0 $2. 17 $ 1 .9 0 $2. 15 $ 2 .3 9 $ 2 .5 9 $ 2 .3 2 $ 2 .0 9 $ 2. 100. 0 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. 100. 0 San F ra n cis c o Oakland 0.2 6 1.0 9 .2 5 .5 8. 3 7 .4 4. 2 1 .4 P h ila delphia 4. 2.0 2.8 12. 1 6 .5 5. 6 1 .4 P a terson — CliftonrP a ss a ic 1. 1 4. 3 .9 .8 1.1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts, Includes jobbing shops p e rfo rm in g som e m anufacturing operations, in addition to regular (inside) shops. L ess than 0. 05 pe rce n t. 1.3 1 .4 Contract shops 1.9 1. 3 1. 8 1. 1 12.9 6. 1 8. 0 8. 1 6.2 New Y ork A ll shops 0. 1 4. 6 4 .7 2. 1 1.2 2. 7 1.3 Los A n g e le s Long Beach . 00 2. 1 2. 1 1. 2 .8 6.2 .8 ! . . 2 1 1 .4 100. 0 .7 .2 . 100.0 838 437 $ 1 .9 7 $2. 03 Table 3. Earnings Distribution: Men Production Workers 00 (P e r c e n t distribution o f m en production w ork ers in w om en’ s and m is s e s ' coat and suit m anufacturing establishm ents by average straigh t-tim e hourly earn in gs , 1 10 s elected a r e a s , August 1962)1 4 3 2 A v era g e hourly earnings 1 B a ltim o re Boston Chicago Kansas City Los A n g e le s Long B each U nder $ 1 . 15 _ ....... .............................. $ 1 .1 5 and under $ 1. 2 0 ___________ $ 1 . 20 and under $ 1 . 25 __ ________ 7. 0 3. 1 3. 7 1. 5 0 .4 - 7. 3 2 .4 0 .5 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 5 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1 . 3 0 ___________ $ 1 . 3 5 ----------------$ 1 . 4 0 ___________ $ 1 . 4 5 ----------------$ 1 . 5 0 ----------------- 3. 9 1. 2 3. 1 .8 .8 6.0 3. 7 3. 0 3. 0 1.5 1. 1 1. 1 10. 6 1. 6 2 .4 .5 1. 2 - $ 1 .5 0 $ 1. 60 $ 1. 70 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1. 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1. 6 0 ----------------$ 1 . 7 0 ----------------$ 1 . 8 0 --------------$ 1.90 ___________ $ 2. 00 ----------------- 5. 5 2. 0 3 .9 4. 7 7. 0 2. 2 $ 2. 00 and $ 2.10 and $ 2 . 20 and $2 . 30 and $ 2. 40 and under under under under under $ 2. 10 ----------------$ 2.20 ----------------$ 2. 3 0 ----------------$ 2 . 4 0 ----------------$ 2. 5 0 ----------------- 3. 1 2. 3 3. 5 2. 7 .4 1. 5 _ 2. 2 4 .5 1.5 3. 3. . 2. 1 1 7 7 2 .8 .8 .8 .8 1. 6 11. 7 6. 3 1. 6 3 .9 3. 1 9 .0 6. 0 2. 2 4 .5 6. 7 1.8 1. 8 1. 1 4 .4 2.0 4. 3 3. 9 1. 6 1. 6 4. 3 4 .5 6. 7 14.4 5 .8 1. 5 6 .9 5 .5 $2. $2. $2. $ 2. $2. $3. $3 . $3 . $3. $3. 50 60 70 80 90 00 20 40 60 80 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $2. $2 . $2 . $ 2. $3 . $3 . $3. $3. $3 . $4. 6 0 ----------------7 0 ----------------8 0 ----------------9 0 ----------------0 0 ----------------2 0 ----------------4 0 ----------------6 0 ----------------8 0 ----------------0 0 ----------------- 1.5 1.5 2. 2 3. 0 2.2 2. 2 6 .9 0 .4 .7 .3 0 .4 3. 1 .6 3. 7 .3 0 .3 1.4 .3 - .9 .3 .2 1.4 .8 3 .9 .6 1. 6 1. 3 .6 3 .9 3. 0 2. 1 2. 7 .6 1. 1 4. 0 .9 1.4 .3 6 .5 1. 9 .9 .9 .5 4. 3. 4. 2. 2. 0 1 2 5 2. 8 2. 8 2 3 .2 1.7 2. 3 1.4 1. 7 1.3 .8 1. 6 2. 2 1. 3 .7 3 .3 1.4 2. 1 2. 8 1. 2 2 .4 2. 0 2 .4 1.9 1. 8 1. 6 2. 1 1. 6 1. 2 1 .4 1. 2 .7 .8 2 .5 1. 8 3. 2 2. 5 2. 2 5 .9 2. 2 5. 0 1. 7 3. 7 5 .4 2. 9 5. 1 .4 1. 5 1. 7 .6 2 .9 1.4 2. 6 2. 8 •9 2. 8 2. 8 2 .9 .8 4. 1 8. 6 4 .9 3 .5 2 .5 3. 7 1.5 1.7 2. 7 2. 2 2 .4 3. 7 2. 2 3. 7 7. 1 3. 1 3. 3 3. 7 2 .4 2. 7 1. 6 4. 2 5. 4 1. 7 3 .2 2 .4 2 .5 3 .3 2. 6 2. 9 2. 0 1. 7 7. . 4. 1. 1. 5. 7 1. 6 2. 0 2 .4 2 .9 5. 1 5 .2 5 .4 9 .8 6. 6 1 3 .4 8. 3 4 .3 8. 1 8. 1 9 .9 6. 2 10. 1 4. 6 6.8 6. 3 9 .0 7.3 11. 7 7. 3 3 .9 3 .4 3 .8 7. 2 3 .4 9 .2 3. 4 5. 7 4. 9 2 .4 6.3 6. 6 8. 6 4. 6 2. 9 15. 0 6. 5 9. 3 6. 5 .9 .4 1. 6 1. 2 1. 2 .8 7 .4 7.3 4 .8 2. 1 1.4 5. 1 3. 7 3 .4 1.7 1. 2 4 .9 3. 0 2. 0 1. 6 1. 0 5 .3 4. 5 5. 0 1.9 1 .4 1. 7 1. 1 .8 .4 .8 3 .7 1. 7 .7 1. 6 .1 6. 6 4. 3 2. 6 1. 7 3. 2 4. 7 1.9 3. 7 .9 1.9 1. 2 100. 0 3 11. 8 100.0 100. 0 8.0 5. 2 1.3 " 3 .8 2. 0 4. 7 3. 7 .6 2.2 .4 - ban F ra n c is c o __ Oakland 2 .4 1. 3 3. 5 2. 6 .6 2.0 $ 5 .0 0 and o v e r ___________________ - $4. $4. $4. $4. $5 . P h ila delphia .7 2.3 2.9 1.4 4. 4. 6. 3. 1. 2 .4 3 .0 1.5 2. 2 under under under under under Paterson^C lifton P a ss aic Contract shops 1. 3 1. 3 .8 3 .3 1. 6 2. 2 .4 .4 .4 1. 2 " and and and and and 0. 2 1. 0 •1 1. 1 .6 Newark and J e r s e y City Regular shops 2 .9 1.3 1. 1 .7 .9 .4 2 0 ---------- ----4 0 ----------------6 0 ----------------8 0 ----------------0 0 ----------------- $ 4 . 00 $ 4 . 20 $ 4 . 40 $ 4 . 60 $4 . 80 2 .4 6.9 New Y ork A ll shops 2 .9 3 .5 1.6 5. 1 .4 9 1 5 7 2.1 1.0 1. 5 7. 1 1.8 2.0 5 .4 100. 0 2. 1 2 .4 4. 2 2. 5 8.9. 5. 2 100. 0 100.0 3 .3 100. 0 3. 7 " 5 9 7 9 9 411. 2 3. 7 100.0 100. 0 T o t a l ___ _______________ __ __ 100.0 100. 0 100.0 N um ber o f w ork ers ------—— — ------ 256 134 451 245 840 14, 103 7,467 6, 636 1,317 889 349 107 $3.2 1 $2. 27 $ 3 .4 5 $ 3 .2 4 $ 3 . 13 $ 3 .3 6 $2. 77 $2. 65 $ 3 .2 7 $ 3 .0 0 A v e ra ge hourly earnings 1 2 3 4 1 ------------ $ 2 .2 9 $2. 64 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes jobbin g shops p e rfo rm in g so m e m anufacturing operations, in addition to regular (inside) shops. W orkers w ere d istributed as fo llo w s : 3. 7 p ercen t at $5 to $5. 20; 1. 3 percen t at $5. 20 to $5. 40; and 6. 8 p ercen t at $ 5. 40 and ov e r. W orkers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 3. 7 p ercen t at $5 to $5. 20; 3. 7 percen t at $5. 20 to $5. 40; and 3. 7 p ercen t at $ 5. 40 and o v e r. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Table 4. Average Hourly Earnings: Selected Occupations (Number and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w o rk e rs in se le cte d occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' coat and suit m anufacturing establishm ents, 10 s e le cte d a r e a s , August 1962) B a ltim ore B oston Chicago Kansas City L os Angeles—Long Beach O ccup ation and se x Number of w ork ers Cutters and m a r k e r s 2______________ In sp ectors, final ( e x a m in e r s ) ____ M e n _______ __________ _________ _ W om en ________ ._________________ P a ck e rs , shipping 2 _______________ P r e s s e r s , hand _______ _________ __ M e n __ ______ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W o m e n _____ ______ ______________ P r e s s e r s , m achine 2 ____ _______ __ P r e s s e r s , hand and m achine 2 ____ S ew ers, hand (fin is h e rs ) . ____ . Men ----------------------- --- ----- _ W om en . . . ____ _____________ Sewing m ach in e o p e r a to r s , s ection s y s t e m ____________________ ________ ______ ____ . . . Men W om en . . . . . . . .. ._ _______ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilo r ) s y s t e m __ ___ _ M e n _______ __ . . . . . _______________ W o m e n __________________________ Thread tr im m e r s (c le a n e r s ) 3 ____ Number of w o rk e rs A verage hourly earnings 56 $ 2 .5 3 4 7 1.28 2.28 2.58 2. 13 2 .53 2. 35 1.76 - 15 19 1.92 11 26 42 14 28 25 48 118 2 116 A v era ge h ou rly earnings 11 10 1 15 52 2 50 Num ber of w o rk e rs A vera ge hourly earnings Num ber of w o rk e rs 96 $3. 15 1.75 _ 1.75 74 23 $3. 03 1. 33 3 .29 . 4 .0 0 _ 2. 08 _ 53 27 26 46* 23 231 7 224 3.48 4. 34 2.58 4. 61 3.63 2. 03 _ _ 92 73 $ 2 .4 3 1. 61 _ _ 1.43 2. 11 _ _ 3. 27 194 _ 194 1. 65 _ 1.65 11 11 22 1.61 219 32 $3. 90 2. 02 2 _ 30 49 1.81 2.47 3. 86 1. 97 88 23 65 105 35 475 3 472 4. 78 2. 00 11 113 2. 32 - 251 25 226 2.51 2.91 2.4 6 761 5 756 2. 11 370 341 44 297 2. 14 2.79 2. 04 87 27 60 25 2 .72 1.26 34 30 4 18 2 .7 9 1. 28 181 137 44 30 3. 07 3. 19 2 .7 0 1. 36 _ _ _ 32 _ _ _ 1.70 439 3. 3. 3. 1. 6 Number of w ork ers Regular shops A verage hourly earnings 1,764 517 399 118 1, 143 1, 199 1,159 40 1, 117 575 6,444 1, 311 5, 133 $ 3 .6 8 3. 04 3. 31 2. 11 1.69 3.87 3.92 2. 28 4. 38 4. 26 2.6 2 4 ,7 9 2 927 3,865 2.49 2.96 2. 37 4 ,4 0 2 3,210 1, 192 376 3.45 3.6 4 2.93 1.49 2.92 2. 55 Number of w ork ers 4 A verage hourly earnings C ontract shops Num ber of w o rk e rs A verage hourly earnings 1,514 281 224 57 1,118 278 274 4 319 214 2,587 764 1,823 $ 3 .6 6 3. 19 3.40 2. 37 1.69 4. 01 4 .9 5 4. 56 2.81 2.95 2.75 250 236 175 61 921 885 36 798 361 3,857 547 3,310 $ 3 .8 4 2.8 5 3. 20 352 242 2. 73 3. 38 2 .43 4 ,4 4 0 817 3,623 2.47 2.91 2. 37 1,739 1,504 235 67 3 .50 3.57 3. 00 1.79 2,663 1,706 957 309 3.41 3 .70 2.91 1.42 110 Newark and J e rs e y City Num ber of w ork ers Num ber of w ork ers 90 c> $ 3 .4 0 2. 64 _ _ _ 53 33 286 248 38 251 155 938 c> 929 2.86 212 1.86 3 .82 3. 88 2. 29 4. 15 4. 08 2. 50 2. 88 2.4 3 2,656 246 2 ,4 1 0 N OTE: D ashes indicate no data reported o r data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . A vera ge hourly earnings 3. 05 1.62 3. 37 2. 65 2. 03 2.47 2. 03 2 $3.81 1,98 2. 58 1.64 _ 2. 56 2.75 1.73 3.29 3.65 1.93 _ 468 2.41 2.77 2. 37 2,274 128 2, 146 2. 21 2.4 6 2. 20 - 85 _ _ P aterson— C lifton P a ss aic A vera ge hourly earnings E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late shifts. V irtu ally all w o rk e rs in nearly all a reas w e re m en. V irtu ally all w o rk e rs in nearly all areas w e re women. Includes jobbin g shops p e rfo rm in g som e m anufacturing o p eration s, in addition to regular (inside) shops. 33 93 A verage hourly earnings 124 New Y ork 1 2 3 4 1 22 Num ber of w ork ers 1.70 - 376 A ll shops Cutters and m a r k e r s 2 _____________ In sp ectors, final (exa m in ers) . . . _ . M e n ____ __________________ ______ W o m e n __ __ __ ____________ ______ P a c k e r s , shipping 2 _______________ P r e s s e r s , h a n d ______ ___________ __ Men ____ ______ ____ ________ _____ W o m e n __________ ____ ___ _____... P r e s s e r s , m a c h in e 2 ___ P r e s s e r s , hand and m achine 2 ____ S ew ers, hand ( fi n i s h e r s ) __________ Men _____ . . ____ ___ . W om en __ _____ __ __ __ ___ _ Sewing m ach in e o p e r a to r s , s ection s y s t e m _______ _______ Men _________ ___ __________ W o m e n ------------------------------------Sewing m ach in e o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilo r ) s y s t e m ) ______ Men . . . . . . . . __ ._ _____ _ W om en _____________ .., Thread tr im m e r s (c le a n e r s )3 ------- A verage hourly earnings . 1. 32 12 21 _ 172 40 233 36 470 - _ 163 _ - _ 1. 31 222 217 27 Philadelphia Number of w ork ers A v era ge hourly earnings 54 43 7 34 23 44 32 $3. 14 1.54 2. 31 1. 39 1.46 3. 59 4. 18 2. 02 3.66 4. 51 2. 01 12 49 24 172 3 169 437 21 _ ban F ra n cisco— uasiana Number of w ork ers 29 13 13 13 li 35 10 104 104 2. 18 _ 12 26 3.7 3 _ _ 1. 36 A verage hourly earnings $3. 32 1.55 _ 1.55 3. 06 _ _ 3.47 2.79 1.55 _ 1.55 _ _ 416 87 75 44 83 03 50 66 10 56 2 .80 3.48 2.68 o Tabic 5. Occupational Earnings: Baltimore (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected production occupations in wom en's and m isses' coat and suit manufacturing establishments, August 1962) Num ber o f w o rk e rs re ce iv in g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings o f— A v er$ 1.00 $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1750 $1.60 $1.70 $1780 $1790 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2750 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 h ourly of and w o rk - e a rn under ings 1 $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $ 2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 over N um - O ccupation and sex A ll produ ction w o r k e r s ____ ly/fo-n W om en -------- — 1.88 2 256 770 2.29 1.75 2 56 2.53 11 26 1.92 1, 026 36 18 18 58 18 40 64 ■ ■ ■ _ _ _ . _ - 9 _ - 6 42 14 28 1.28 2.28 2.58 2.13 1 6 25 2.53 - ■ 48 34 14 2.35 2.09 2.98 _ - 118 93 25 1.76 1.52 2.67 376 $ 75 11 52 51 22 24 7 17 12 1 11 8 23 16 7 18 4 14 18 3 11 23 6 22 21 39 47 18 29 38 30 42 5 10 8 7 4 3 " 2 ■ “ 2 3 5 4 1 19 6 2 9 - 2 1 2 2 _ 3 1 _ 1 . - - - - - - - - - 1 2 1 1 2 3 _ 3 _ - 15 4 3 2 1 1 - 2 2 - 1 2 1 1 “ “ “ 3 1 “ 1 1 1 2 2 - ' ' _ - 3 3 - 2 1 1 2 . - 5 2 2 1 - _ - 8 64 14 50 258 5 253 “ _ 1 84 4 80 10 12 31 8 28 31 9 16 18 5 4 14 3 11 3 1 2 - - 1 1 1 1 - - - 1 10 6 4 S elected occupations C utters and m a rk e rs (54 m en and 2 w om en) 2a / -___ In s p ectors, fin a l (exam in ers) (4 m en and 7 w om en) 2a / . . . . . . . . — ------P a ck e rs , shipping (25 m en and 1 w om an )2a / ____ P r e s s e r s , hand W om en 2b / --------------------P r e s s e r s , m achine (17 m en and 8 w om en) 2a / ____ P r e s s e r s , hand and m achine (37 m en and 11 w om en) ________ . . . . . . . . . T i m e ----------------------------Incentive — ____________ S ew ers, hand (fin ish ers) (2 m en and 116 w om en) — T im e Ttirenti Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , section system (6 m en and 370 w om en )2a / -------Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) system (27 m en and 60 w om en )2b / —---- . . . . . . . . . T h rea d tr im m e r s (cle a n e r s ) (a ll w om en) 2a / 1 2 _ - _ - ■ ■ 1 ■ 1 . _ - - - - - _ - _ - _ - 5 5 - 1 2 5 5 - - - _ 4 4 _ 19 19 29 29 13 - 12 1 13 13 _ 7 4 3 4 4 _ 1.70 - 4 4 11 18 19 222 24 87 2.72 " ■ 6 2 2 “ 5 25 1.26 “ 7 4 _ _ - _ 13 ' 3 11 1 2 _ 2 8 3 1 1 1 2 _ “ 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 - 2 - 2 - _ - - 1 1 5 5 - - 1 1 2 2 3 3 - 1 1 - 12 14 12 12 6 2 5 2 3 1 2 3 11 4 15 13 1 1 - 1 2 2 3 - - 1 ‘ 2 1 - 1 1 _ - 2 2 - - 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 - 2 8 - - - 4 4 - - “ 1 1 “ 1 ■ - 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - " 1 5 5 4 1 7 5 1 3 7 1 7 - 1 E x clu des prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. Insufficien t data to w arrant presen tation o f separate averages by m ethod o f wage paym ent; (a) all o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all o r predom inantly incentive w o rk e rs . - Table 6. Occupational Earnings: Boston (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected production occupations in women*s and m isses' coat and suit manufacturing establishments, August 1962) N um - O ccupation and sex A ll production w o rk e rs . M en --------------------------W om en ________________ A v e rNumber o f w o rk e rs re ce iv in g s traigh t-tim e h ou rly earnings of$ 1.00 $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2750 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 W 2 0 $3.40 $ T 5 o J3.80 $4.00 of hourly w o rk - e a rn and under era ings $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 over 434 134 300 $2.13 2.64 15 3.03 19 1.33 11 3.29 15 4.00 1.90 2 2 38 5 33 47 20 25 20 37 11 19 3 17 - 1 11 2 2 - - - > 1 10 9 6 9 22 2 20 17 3 14 1 - 1 1 - - 1 - 11 2 14 4 10 29 2 27 18 _ 18 14 3 11 10 6 4 15 2 13 20 12 8 17 8 9 3 5 8 16 6 10 13 9 4 12 6 6 13 9 4 4 4 1 3 - 1 - 2 9 3 6 5 2 3 3 3 16 216 S elected occupations Cutters and m a rk ers (all m en) 3a / -----------------P a ck e rs , shipping (10 m en and 9 w om en) 3a / __ P r e s s e r s , hand (10 m en and 1 wom an) 3b / , P r e s s e r s , m achine (all m en) 3b / ______________ _ Sew ers, hand (fin ish ers) (2 m en and 50 w om en) — T im e Incentive Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , section system (11 m en and 113 w om en) 3b / __ - _ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) system (30 m en and T im e . Incentive T h rea d tr im m e r s (cle a n e r s ) (a ll w om en) 3a / ------- 1 22 “ ~ 4 3 2.38 124 2.32 1 4 34 17 17 2.78 2.63 2.93 - - 18 1.28 - 52 30 2.08 1.86 E xclu des prem iu m pay fo r overtim e and W ork ers w ere d istributed as fo llo w s: 4 at Insufficien t data to w arrant presentation W ork ers w e re distributed as fo llo w s : 1 at 11 . 1 - - 2 2 - _ - 1 - - - 6 2 3 2 1 1 4 - 1 1 3 7 10 8 1 1 5 5 - 2 2 1 1 1 3 6 8 8 9 10 8 - - - - - - 2 2 _ _ 1 1 _ - 2 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 14 11 4 - 2 5 _ - _ 1 - 3 5 ■ 1 3 1 2 1 5 5 - 2 - 1 _ 2 _ 3 3 1 2 1 - - 1 - - - 2 1 2 1 1 3 47 1 - - - 2 1 - - 4 7 3 6 5 3 2 - 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 _ - - 5 fo r w ork on weekends, h olid ays, $ 4 to $4 . 20; 2 at $ 4 . 20 to $ 4 . 40; o f separate averages by m ethod $ 4 to $ 4 .1 0 ; 1 at $ 4 . 10 to $ 4 . 20; and late shifts. 3 at $ 4 .4 0 to $ 4 . 60; and 7 at $5 and o v e r . o f wage paym ent; (a) all o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all o r 1 at $ 4 . 20 to $ 4 . 30; 2 at $ 4 . 40 to $ 4 . 50; and 2 at $ 5 and o v e r . predom inantly incentive w ork ers. 2 Table 7. Occupational Earnings: Chicago (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected production occupations in women's and m isses' coat and suit manufacturing establishments, August 1962) Num ber o f w o rk e rs r e ce iv in g straigh t-tim e h ou rly earnings o f A v erage $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 f E 5 o $1.70 $1.30 $ 2^0 $ 2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 h ou rly of and w o rk - e a rn ~ ' ~ " “ ~ " " under ings 1 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 2.00 $ 2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 over N um - O ccupation and sex A ll produ ction w o rk e rs . Men -------------------------- 66 23 16 9 7 4 2 29 23 6 2 2 5 5 7 1 1 10 1 4 i - - - - - 2 2 3 3 - 4 4 - " 5 5 - - 6 6 2 2 2 - 3 1 - 5 3 - 2 2 - 3 4 2 - 2 6 2 _ 4 2 1 _ _ 3 75 20 56 13 43 64 29 35 95 65 30 47 55 1 2 4 2 2 5 32 8 20 5 _ 5 3 _ 3 3 _ 3 2 5 1 4 _ 3 _ - 1 2 - 1 - 5 - - - - - - 36 7 29 24 3 13 7 5 21 6 1 4 6 10 22 13 5 4 7 5 2 17 18 29 27 26 18 18 4 14 11 1 10 10 9 14 11 11 11 19 15 4 29 25 4 12 11 46 5 41 40 23 34 15 51 74 7 67 10 68 96 3.15 - - - - i - 3 11 22 1.75 - - - - 1 2 5 3 1.61 _ _ 5 _ _ 2 _ 4 _ _ 26 - - 3 _ _ - 4 3.48 4.34 2.58 _ _ _ 2 53 27 _ _ _ - - 2 - 4 4 _ 4 46 4.61 23 3.63 - - - - 4 - - - 231 89 142 2.03 8 6 2 16 13 3 6 7 5 11 10 1 34 24 13 7 32 251 25 226 40 186 2.51 2.91 2.46 1.82 _ 4 3 13 _ _ _ _ _ 4 2.60 - 3 3 3 - 12 _ 12 181 137 44 3.07 3.19 2.70 _ _ - - - - - - 3 30 1.36 8 4 5 6 4 1 2 6 21 13 8 95 17 78 2 31 41 8 12 117 24 93 $ 2 .5 4 3.21 2.17 43 61 20 88 1, 292 451 841 78 108 26 21 36 25 42 31 11 37 25 25 25 S elected occu pation s C utters and m a r k e r s (91 m en and 5 w om en) 2a / -----In s p e cto rs, fin a l (exa m in ers) (a ll w om en) 2a / _____ _______ __ P a ck e rs , shipping (20 m en and 2 w om en) 2a / - ___ P r e s s e r s , hand ___ ______ __ M en 2b / —-----------------------W om en 2b / ---------------------P r e s s e r s , m achine (44 m en and 2 w om en) 2b / -----P r e s s e r s , hand and m achine (all m en) 2b / -----S ew ers, hand (fin ish ers) (7 m en and 224 w om en) — T i m e ------------ r-----------------Incentive Sewing m achine o p era to rs section s y s t e m --------------M en 2b / W om en .. Incentive ------—— Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) Men Md/ -------------------------W om en 2b / --------------------T h read tr im m e r s (cle a n e r s ) (all w om en )2a/ — -----1 3 2 1 2 3 1.62 2.28 1 3 3 2 6 _ 6 _ 13 3 3 6 2 2 10 2 15 5 7 5 7 10 1 1 2 2 5 2 - 18 2 16 12 8 4 2 27 10 2 25 2 - 7 19 - 17 23 19 12 8 6 10 8 2 4 3 3 1 17 3 14 14 6 8 1 1 _ 1 1 - 4 1 6 6 6 5 9 10 2 8 8 12 6 6 10 9 1 11 10 - 9 1 1 4 4 3 3 " 1 2 2 6 6 - “ - 2 " - 1 1 - - - _ - _ - 2 2 - - _ 5 _ _ _ _ 3 - - - - 3 • ' • * 5 5 - 2 2 1 1 _ 1 1 - - - 6 5 1 2 E x clu des prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. Insufficien t data to w arra n t p resentation o f separate averages by method o f wage paym ent; (a) all o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all o r predom inantly incentive w o rk e rs . W ork ers w e re distribu ted as fo llo w s : 8 at $ 5 .4 0 to $ 5 .6 0 ; 1 at $ 5 .6 0 to $ 5 .8 0 ; 7 at $ 5 .8 0 to $ 6; and 3 at $6 and o v e r . 3 3 3 19 . - - - Table 8. Occupational Earnings: Kansas City (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected production occupations in women's and m isses' coat and suit manufacturing establishments, August 1962) Num A v e rNumber of w o rk e rs receivin g stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings o f— ber $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 W o o $3.10 $3.20 $ O o $3.40 W $ o $3.60 of. hourly Under and w o rk - earn $ and under e is in gs 1 1. 20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 over O ccupation hnd sex A ll p roduction w ork ers M e n _______ __ ___________ Women _______________ __ 1,779 $ 1 .9 5 245 2.27 1,534 1.90 91 18 73 126 32 94 60 260 10 19 197 12 110 102 10 16 100 86 50 241 185 12 12 4 4 3 4 4 3 97 9 88 71 3 61 2 65 67 67 68 63 65 65 59 1 1 _ 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 - - - - 1 5 - 9 57 4 53 48 7 41 2 2 - 1 1 - - - 7 9 _ 10 1 1 _ _ - l - * 1 3 3 3 10 1 a o 3 2 2 2 34 43 32 33 2 10 52 21 31 32 12 20 27 9 18 19 5 14 5 1 1 16 3 13 11 10 9 4 5 7 6 50 229 21 Selected occu pation s Cutters and m a r k e r s _____ _ W om en 3a / _____________ In sp ectors, final (ex a m in ers) (1 m an and 22 w o m e n ) 3 a / _ .... ..... P a ck e rs , shipping (25 m en and 8 w om en) 3a / _______ _ P r e s s e r s , handT[l m an and 92 w om en) 3b / ____________ P r e s s e r s , m achine 3b / ____ Men -------- — —— -------Incentive ___________ _ W om en 3b / ____________ _ S ew ers, hand (fin is h e rs ) (a ll w o m e n ) _ T i m e ........ ......................... I n c e n tiv e __ _____ _______ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , s ection system (5 m en and 756 w om en) _______ . . . ____ T i m e ___________ In c e n tiv e ________________ T hread tr im m e r s (cleaners) (all w om en) __________ ___ T im e ______ _______ . . In c e n tiv e ________________ . . “ ■ 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 3 2 1 1 9 4 2 2 1 1 1 15 3 3 - 3 3 4 8 1 52 2 .4 3 2. 88 23 1.61 33 1.43 1 12 93 73 57 54 16 2. 11 - 3 3. 27 3.47 3.5 2 2.5 4 194 42 152 1.65 1.41 1.72 19 5 14 761 45 716 2. 11 18 4 14 32 9 23 1.70 1.40 1.82 1.68 1.55 2. 15 2 1 . 7 74 46 28 1 - 1 1 1 ■ 15 6 9 24 4 20 3 3 ' - 1 1 1 2 31 10 1 9 16 5 11 13 . 13 26 11 116 14 15 102 58 4 54 2 10 2 8 3 7 _ 2 21 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 - 1 - 15 15 g 13 15 Q 2 41 45 39 44 1 1 1 1 2 1 _ 9 38 _ 38 30 3 _ 3 - 29 Q - 21 19 2 5 - " - - - - - - 5 3 3 6 6 4 3 j 2 2 2 2 4 - 1 1 2 1 1 1 - * 3 3 1 5 4 1 42 39 39 29 26 25 41 39 37 28 26 25 1 1 _ 1 1 2 1 1 2 - 2 5 4 4 1 1 1 42 _ 42 1 2 2 1 1 2 - ” 1 “ - - - - - 3 3 3 j 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 - 1 1 - “ 31 27 " 1 1 21 21 4S27A 4 ~ 1 16 14 13 16 14 13 12 12 g 5 5 16 8 5 5 16 “ " - - - 1 - 1 - - Excludes p rem iu m pay fo r o v ertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late shifts. W orkers w ere d istributed as fo llo w s: 13 at $3. 60 to $4; 5 at $4 to $ 4 .4 0 ; 6 at $ 4 .4 0 to $4. 80; 3 at $4. 80 to $5. 20; and 2 at $ 5 . 20 and ov e r. Insufficien t data to p e rm it presentation o f separate averages by m ethod o f wage paym ent; fa) a ll o r predom inantly tim ew ork ers , and (b) all o r predom inantly incentive w orke rs. W orkers w e re distributed as fo llo w s : 6 at $ 3 .6 0 to $ 3 .8 0 ; 6 at $ 3 .8 0 to $4; 4 at $ 4 .2 0 to $ 4 .4 0 ; 3 a' $ 4 .4 0 to $ 4 .6 0 ; 5 at $4 . 60 to $5; and 3 at $5 and ov er. W ork ers w ere d istributed as fo llo w s: 1 at $ 3 .7 0 to $ 3 .8 0 ; 1 at $ 3 .8 0 to $ 3 .9 0 ; 1 at $ 3 .9 0 to $ 4; and 1 at $ 4 .6 0 to $ 4 .7 0 . 2 2 - - - Tabic 9. Occupational Earnings: Los Angeles—Long Beach (N um ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o rk e rs in s e le cte d production occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' coat and suit m anufacturing establishm ents, August 1962) O ccupation and sex Num ber o f w ork ers r e ce iv in g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings ofN um - A v e r age p T W P ^0 P ^ F $3.60 $3 .$6 $4.00 $4.26 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.66 P T IoP72?) P 7 4 F P ^ ) $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 P I T $ n s ir of hourly Under and w o rk - e a r n under ers $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $2.00 $2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 over A ll p roduction w o r k e r s ------ 2, 446 $ 2 .6 0 3 .4 5 M e n --------------------------------840 1, 606 2. 15 3 _ 54 4 50 104 _ 94 59 165 18 147 152 19 133 _ 1 - _ 7 _ 4 17 _ _ . 36 186 37 173 36 165 136 37 99 139 52 87 83 27 56 85 43 42 111 _ 2 - 8 17 2 9 5 1 8 4 - - 6 19 3 6 7 5 4 2 1 222 210 201 69 84 74 4 70 _ _ _ 1 _ 1 1 1 1 _ 1 3 _ 8 20 7 2 11 _ _ _ _ _ - _ 2 - _ _ _ 1 _ 1 1 _ 20 10 6 88 14 33 31 73 57 16 73 53 20 76 62 14 63 61 6 12 18 19 40 47 11 7 6 14 - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 4 4 - 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 - 4 34 4 2 6 6 - 4 4 4 2 2 8 7 1 13 17 3 14 2 2 3 3 5 5 - - 12 12 4 16 16 1 - - - 4 - - - - - 5 21 9 9 7 6 3 - 1 - - - - 6 4 3 1 1 - 1 - - - - 7 5 5 1 - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 - 7 7 7 - 3 3 3 - - - - - 61 18 18 43 34 27 19 7 23 17 14 21 12 12 13 28 11 11 2 20 8 8 8 5 4 4 6 20 20 - 1 67 45 2 50 40 18 18 22 44 67 10 12 2 2 77 .68 9 S elected occupations Cutters and m a rk ers (217 m en and 2 w om en )2a / --------------------In s p e cto rs, final (~xa m in ers) (2 m en and 30 w om en ) 2a / -------------------P a ck e rs , shipping (40 m en and 9 w om en )2a / --------------P r e s s e r s , hancP^----------------M e n _____________________ I n c e n t iv e -------------------w om en — — — — — ——— x xme —— - — Incentive -----------------P r e s s e r s , m achine(98 m en 7 w o m e n )---------------------------T im e — — — ——————— I n c e n t iv e ------------------------P r e s s e r s , hand and m achine (32 m en and 3 w om en) 2b / -------------------S ew ers, han<? (fin ish ers) (3 m en and 472 w om en )----'j*ifxie — ——■— I n c e n t iv e --------------------- — Sewing m achine o p e ra to rs , s ection s y s t e m ----------------M e n --------------------------------I n c e n t iv e -------------------W o m e n --------------------------I n c e n t iv e -------------------Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) system —— —— —— — — ———— Men ___________ _________ I n c e n t iv e -------------------W om en 2b / ---------------------T h rea d tr im m e r s (cleaners) (2 m en and 25 w om en ) 2a / ---------------- — 219 3 .9 0 _ 32 2.02 _ 49 1.81 2. 47 3 .86 4. 22 _ _ _ _ 88 23 18 tle OD 1 07 14 1.80 2. 59 105 23 82 3 .9 0 3.4 7 4 .0 2 35 475 223 252 _ _ _ L D L O _ _ 1 1 1 _ _ 1 _ _ 4. 78 _ _ _ _ 2 .0 0 _ _ _ 2 . 20 . _ 341 44 34 297 159 2. 14 2 .7 9 2 .9 6 2. 04 2 .0 7 439 _ _ _ 217 3. 44 3 .8 3 3 .8 2 3 .0 3 27 1 .5 0 " 222 202 6 _ _ _ 1.78 _ _ - 9 2 7 34 25 9 6 10 10 _ 14 14 6 6 35 . _ 35 5 _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 6 5 14 _ _ - 20 20 _ 7 5 2 1 1 _ 1 _ - 1 _ 1 _ - - 2 - 6 1 - - - 37 24 13 56 33 23 60 13 47 46 23 23 23 5 18 23 4 19 19 4 15 8 2 19 32 3 3 29 41 47 7 40 16 24 5 5 19 9 23 3 3 27 3 3 24 7 8 20 6 6 26 5 5 38 29 14 21 28 16 9 7 7 g g . 72 49 23 29 4 18 8 25 10 . _ 1 1 - 8 24 11 10 5 5 3 3 3 22 3 - 22 7 7 _ 19 13 22 2 4 _ _ 4 6 . 3 5 5 5 16 3 ■ 2 3 2 1 1 21 1 1 1 _ 1 6 3 35 17 9 3 3 6 2 11 10 1 6 _ 6 3 2 2 _ 2 2 20 13 10 10 1 1 1 3 6 4 4 4 4 11 11 18 - 1 1 1 1 10 3 2 29 9 6 - 9 15 8 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. Insufficien t data to w arrant presen tation o f separate averages by method o f wage paym ent; (a) all o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all o r predom inantly incentive w ork ers. A ll w o rk e rs r e c e iv e d o v e r $ 6. W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 2 at $ 5 .4 0 to $ 5 .6 0 ; 5 at $5. 60 to $ 5 .8 0 ; 6 at $ 5 .8 0 to $ 6; and 3 at $6 and o v e r . W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 10 at $5. 60 to $ 5 .8 0 ; 5 at $ 5 .8 0 to $ 6; and 6 at $ 6. 40 and o v e r. W ork ers w e re distribu ted as fo llo w s : 11 at $5. 20 to $ 5 .4 0 ; 4 at $ 5 .4 0 to $5. 60; 4 at $5. 60 to $ 5 .8 0 ; 2 at $ 5 .8 0 to $ 6;and 6 at $6 and o v e r . 5 5 1 34 627 25 7 Table 10. Occupational Earnings: New York City—All Shops (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of workers in selected production occupations in women's and m isses' coat and suit manufacturing establishments, August 1962) O ccupation and s ex A ll produ ction w o rk e rs ■ W o m e n ---------------------- N um - A v e r Nuim ber <af w o rk e rs 1'eceivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of age $1 *10 $1 *20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1 *60 $1.70 $1.6 0 $T3TT $2.00 $2.20 $2.40 $Z780 $3700 $3.20 $3.60 $3.80 $4.66 W stst $5.00 $5.20 of hourly . _ w o rk - e a rn - under and ers ings 1 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 over 28,145 $2.81 2 477 604 660 826 985 739 622 2136 1990 2256 2214 1966 1908 1450 2023 1336 549 1131 720 904 551 593 280 185 200 840 14,103 3. 24 174 214 338 344 169 183 366 87 480 491 516 837 1268 1031 1656 1033 589 659 551 722 475 518 243 164 189 806 14,042 2. 39 308 430 446 401 482 366 640 535 1656 1474 1667 1555 1129 619 640 367 303 419 182 75 76 169 37 21 11 34 S elected occupations Cutters and m a r k e r s ------Men 3a /— -----W om en 3a / — In s p e cto rs, final (exa m in ers) — Men 3a / -------W o m e n -------T im e P a ck e rs , shipping (1,133 m en and 10 w o m e n )* a /---------— P r e s s e r s , hand Men T i m e -----Incentive W om en 3b / P r e s s e r s , m achine (a ll m e n ) -------------T im e Incentive P r e s s e r s , hand and m a chine (a ll m e n ) -----------T im e xnc enuve ■ Incentive S ew ers, hand (fin is h ers )' Men —-----------------------Incentive W om en ---T im e — Incentive Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , s e ctio n s y s t e m ---------------M e n --------------------------- -— Incentive W om en T im e ■ Incentive Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) s y s t e m -------------------------- — M e n -------------------------------Incentive ■ W om en T im e In cen tiv eT h read tr im m e r s (cle a n e r s ) — -----Men 3a / ■ W om en 3a / - 1,764 3. 68 1,736 3. 70 28 2 .92 - _ _ " ” * 517 3 .0 4 399 3. 31 118 2.11 108 2.12 - - 6 6 11 9 9 1.69 3.87 3 .92 3. 27 4. 32 2. 28 64 * 53 “ 106 - 140 5 3 3 2 169 - 1,117 4. 38 246 3. 48 871 4 .6 3 - _ - „ - - - 1,143 1,199 1,159 437 722 40 575 80 495 6,444 1,311 844 467 5,133 2,211 2,922 4. 26 3. 66 4.3 5 2. 62 2 .92 2. 88 2.99 2. 55 2.49 2.59 4,792 927 543 384 3,865 1,360 2,505 2. 49 2. 96 2.97 2.96 2. 37 2. 30 2.41 4,402 3,210 1,311 1,899 1,192 350 842 3.45 3 .6 4 3. 41 3.80 2.93 2.91 2.93 376 1.49 22 1.50 354 1.48 5 - 30 2 2 6 - 48 - 5 5 28 28 48 16 32 59 59 59 44 44 12 32 55 7 7 48 48 _ “ 11 - _ * - - 10 - 9 9 9 21 3 18 18 68 6 6 6 184 9 3 3 6 10 89 . 113 1 81 39 42 - _ - - “ 6 51 45 6 160 160 - 78 78 - 383 383 - 319 319 - 177 177 - 249 249 85 85 35 23 50 34 16 16 21 12 12 33 44 43 1 1 41 41 _ - 40 39 62 56 7 7 23 23 61 61 19 19 3 50 34 13 21 16 3 44 44 25 19 16 135 135 98 37 142 142 67 75 3 94 94 74 20 128 128 71 57 39 39 36 3 93 93 3 90 68 68 24 2 22 85 26 59 10 7 3 94 34 60 142 96 46 56 4 52 51 29 22 100 24 76 30 30 624 151 98 53 473 263 210 83 21 62 495 216 174 42 279 102 177 78 12 66 302 148 126 38 7 31 194 25 13 7 6 58 5 154 34 120 42 27 15 181 70 40 30 111 5 53 3 114 111 25 169 100 69 53 114 38 12 19 3 4 388 91 171 3*5 17 18 136 13 123 201 125 72 53 76 13 63 90 46 39 7 44 7 37 60 28 19 9 32 7 25 57 20 12 19 8 2 1 26 23 6 13 20 20 13 7 I 7 I 1 23 37 42 17 6 11 25 37 25 13 - 7 1 3 166 141 44 97 25 146 146 196 174 6 168 22 94 82 68 68 71 71 179 160 82 12 68 71 160 19 25 - 22 12 - - 19 - - - - - - - 23 7 16 9 186 30 74 10 10 3 7 - _ - - 112 47 65 _ 108 39 69 197 66 131 175 66 109 75 3 3 72 12 60 126 10 10 116 30 86 140 8 _ 8 132 34 98 208 33 10 23 175 53 122 _ 46 46 - . _ - 197 - 1 16 12 4 _ - - 8 8 25 16 9 6 108 - _ 21 18 3 _- 6 6 6 - „ - 7 4 10 6 9 - 27 24 18 7 11 6 3 3 - 7 7 13 8 5 21 11 - . 174 67 107 892 176 110 66 716 367 349 1032 264 211 53 768 455 313 237 11 3 8 226 102 124 209 7 6 1 202 67 135 614 43 14 29 571 286 285 577 130 78 52 447 185 262 680 105 69 36 575 293 282 436 71 48 23 365 109 256 25 297 96 201 248 86 71 15 162 41 121 137 82 6 76 55 55 193 87 20 67 106 40 66 260 110 15 95 150 29 121 461 248 113 135 213 121 92 522 389 196 193 133 62 71 368 303 181 122 65 12 53 653 570 446 124 83 51 32 408 344 201 143 64 6 58 235 185 83 102 50 6 44 1 _ 1 _ _ _ - 6 _ 6 “ - * _ 11 - «. _ _ _ _ - - - 12 6 9 - 15 - 29 5 43 6 9 - 128 33 - - - 6 6 9 _ 15 5 24 6 37 9 - - 6 9 15 24 37 9 33 95 23 72 69 3 66 95 . 95 56 13 43 28 3 25 36 6 3 3 9 13 12 2 _ 9 13 12 2 - 43 _ 43 _ _ - 36 1 774 84 26 58 690 255 435 185 11 _- 15 15 1 6 6 6 668 80 46 34 588 282 306 175 - - 12 12 10 _ _ _ _ _ 66 22 _ _ _ _ 45 45 - 39 33 6 30 30 13 13 27 27 7 9 9 7 60 60 46 46 16 16 54 46 16 39 4149 39 149 3 36 149 89 6 83 82 7 75 27 32 7 *295 27 32 34 34 34 117 3 34 57 19 13 6 38 81 _ 81 30 18 16 1 15 23 4 18 12 19 _ 8 _ 68 _ 146 6 6 4 _ 20 6 6 14 13 1 7 295 18 6 108 5 18 103 22 5 1 19 19 3 1 4 3 E xclu des prem iu m pay f o r ov e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes 29 w o rk e rs at $1 to $ 1 .1 0 . 3 Insufficien t data to w arrant presentation o f separate averages by m ethod of wage paym ent; (a) all o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all o r predom inantly incentive w ork ers. 4 W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s ; 54 at $ 5 .2 0 to $ 5 .4 0 ; 19 at $ 5 .4 0 to $ 5 .6 0 ; 5 at $ 5 .8 0 to $ 6; 2 at $6 to $ 6 .2 0 ; 15 at $ 6 .2 0 to $ 6 .4 0 ; 18 at $ 6 .4 0 to $ 6 .6 0 ; 19 at $ 6 .8 0 to $7; and 17 at $7 and o v e r . 5 W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s ; 53 at $ 5 .2 0 to $ 5 .4 0 ; 43 at $ 5 .4 0 to $ 5 .6 0 ; 28 at $ 5 .6 0 to $ 5 .8 0 ; 28 at $ 5 .8 0 to $ 6; 13 at $6 to $ 6 .2 0 ; 41 at $ 6 .2 0 to $ 6. 40; 3 at $ 6 .4 0 to $ 6 .6 0 : 19 at $ 6 .6 0 to $ 6 .8 0 ; 32 at $ 6 .8 0 to $7; and 35 at $7 and o v e r . * * 9 6 W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 10 at $ 5 .2 0 to $ 5 .4 0 ; 31 at $5. 40 to $ 5 .6 0 ; 22 at $5. 60 to $ 5 .8 0 ; 6 at $ 5 .8 0 to $ 6; 14 at $6 to $ 6 .2 0 ; 1 at $ 6 .8 0 to $7; 4 at $7 40 to $7 60* and 20 at $ 8. 40 and o v e r . * * Table 11. Occupational Earnings: New York City—Regular and Jobbing Shops On (N um ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o rk e rs in s e le cte d production occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' coat and suit m anufacturing establishm ents, August 1962) O ccupation and s e x N um - A v e r Num ber o f w o rk e rs re ce ivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— age $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1790 $2.00 $2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4760 $T 60 ^5760 $5. 2o of hourly and w o rk - e a r n - -inder e rs ings 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 over A ll produ ction w o rk e rs ------- 10,715 $2.97 Men ---------------------------------7,467 3. 13 W om en ----------------------------3,248 2. 59 126 99 27 141 95 46 251 181 70 273 190 83 353 283 70 211 151 60 472 348 124 342 278 64 130 43 87 493 192 301 430 143 287 567 199 368 940 364 576 770 398 372 873 729 144 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 18 3 13 10 3 16 12 4 46 46 35 29 6 145 145 _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ 3 _ •_ _ 3 _ 3 6 _ 6 5 _ 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 3 3 17 8 9 21 13 8 30 18 12 28 27 1 14 14 _ 64 40 106 137 163 68 184 186 30 71 10 27 3 3 16 6 3 1 _ _ _ _ _ - - - 1 1 _ 57 42 15 27 21 6 24 18 6 43 43 4 4 10 9 1 61 52 9 3 3 22 22 «. 24 24 155 59 47 12 96 34 62 7 7 7 _ 4 42 19 136 13 7 6 41 5 43 3 9 23 8 128 85 43 5 36 638 1082 495 1002 80 143 763 620 143 398 323 75 424 369 55 247 222 25 163 146 17 132 120 12 74 72 2 62 61 1 360 344 16 65 65 323 323 304 304 139 139 216 216 82 82 39 39 33 33 30 30 ’ 7 7 40 39 29 23 6 7 7 16 16 41 41 6 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 9 29 29 3 3 4 3 347 4132 _ 132 S elected occu pation s 1 SI 4 3 66 1,498 3! 67 16 2. 52 In s p e cto rs, final ( e x a m in e r s ) -----------------------M en2 —-----------------------------W om en 2 --------------------------P a c k e r s , shipping (1,108 m en and 10 w om en )2----------P r e s s e r s , hand (274 m en and 4 w o m e n ) -------------------— Incentive — —-------------------P r e s s e r s , m achine (a ll m en )-----------------------------T i m e -------- —--------------------I n c e n t iv e -------------------------P r e s s e r s , hand and m achine (a ll m en) — ---------T im e — —— —— — — —-----S ew ers, hand ( fin is h e r s ) -----Men ------ ----------------- --------T im e — ---------I n c e n t iv e --------------------W om en I n c e n t iv e --------------------Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , s e ctio n s y s t e m ------------------M en ----------------------------— incentive Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) s y s t e m --------------------------------T i m e --------------------------I n c e n t iv e --------------------W om en -----------------------------T im e --------------------------I n c e n t iv e --------------------T h read tr im m e r s (cle a n e r s ) (3 m en and 64 w om en )2 ------------------------1 2 3 4 $ 6 .6 0 ; 3 6 7 281 3 .19 224 3 .4 0 57 2. 37 1,118 1.69 _ 278 4.01 164 3. 48 114 4! 77 - 4 4 - 319 4 .9 5 134 3 .6 6 185 5 .89 214 20 194 2,587 764 593 171 1,823 1 074 '749 4. 56 4. 70 4. 55 2! 81 2 .9 5 2 .8 3 3. 36 2 .7 5 2. 70 2! 82 352 2 .7 3 110 3.3 8 39 3. 81 242 2! 43 1,739 1,504 931 573 235 145 90 3 .5 0 3. 57 3 .4 2 3 .8 3 3 .0 0 2 .7 2 3 .4 3 67 1.79 - - - 2 8 2 18 . _ - _ 2 _ 2 6 2 *6 11 - - - _ _ 18 7 - _ 34 18 _ 1 33 23 10 _ 1 17 1 1 - 16 _ _ _ 16 16 _ - - - _ 30 _ 30 10 20 44 3 . 3 41 130 22 174 25 32 19 3 108 70 38 5 149 48 101 282 69 54 15 213 125 88 670 209 198 11 461 373 88 387 126 98 28 261 213 48 34 34 277 178 147 31 99 61 38 12 22 53 _ _ _ 33 8 6 25 32 6 2 26 26 8 2 18 26 10 1 16 17 13 1 4 25 10 6 15 20 14 _ _ 57 17 14 3 40 40 32 18 9 9 14 14 259 223 141 82 36 33 3 187 160 103 57 27 6 21 399 390 350 40 9 - 161 132 80 52 29 23 6 - 11 11 17 9 20 _ 11 8 - _ 13 3 _ 11 8 10 12 22 53 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 4 1 _ _ _ 3 41 12 27 27 _ . i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 _ _ 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ 6 - - - 9 7 15 * 12 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ 1 3 8 8 - - . 11 2 2 _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ 3 - 3 12 29 23 6 9 3 “ 9 _ _ 10 23 7 8 18 18 1 6 - 9 176 167 133 34 9 6 3 12 6 18 3 12 6 18 3 22 21 1 11 6 5 13 7 6 26 _ 26 1 _ 1 4 _ 4 4 - 34 34 19 27 27 9 4 16 1 15 _ . - 10 7 6 19 19 3 40 _ 19 4 5 •4 6 6 1 19 _ 36 40 19 5 6 1 _ 11 3 8 5 3 3 3 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 5 5 65 8 4 1 1 3 66 60 37 23 6 60 60 51 45 13 7 30 30 15 15 67 61 6 3 85 79 64 ' 15 6 6 5 . 4 - - 5 48 5 43 5 1 1 4 4 - - 45 6 7 6 30 - - - 761 6 - 6 6 - - 6 60 - 47 15 - 1 E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. Insufficien t data to w arrant p resen tation o f separate averages by method of wage paym ent; all o r a m a jo rity o f the w ork ers w ere paid on a tim e b a s is . W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 20 at $5. 20 to $5. 40; 5 at $ 5 .8 0 to $6; 2 at $6 to $6 . 20; 12 at $6. 20 to $6. 40; 6 at $6. 40 to $6. 60; and 2 at $7. 20 to $7. 40. W ork ers w e re d istributed as fo llo w s : 12 at $ 5 .2 0 to $ 5 .4 0 ; 9 at $ 5 .4 0 to $ 5 .6 0 ; 8 at $ 5 .6 0 to $ 5 .8 0 ; 7 at $ 5 .8 0 to $6; 10 at $6 to $ 6 .2 0 ; 13 at $6. 20 to $ 6 .4 0 ; 3 at $ 6 .4 0 to 19 at $ 6 .6 0 to $ 6 .8 0 ; 25 at $ 6 .8 0 to $7; 7 at $7 to $ 7 .2 0 ; 6 at $ 7 .2 0 to $ 7 .4 0 ; 6 at $ 7 .4 0 to $ 7 .6 0 ; and 7 at $ 7 .8 0 and o v e r . W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 4 at $ 5 .2 0 to $ 5 .4 0 ; 3 at $ 5 .4 0 to $ 5 .6 0 ; 19 at $ 5 .6 0 to $ 5 .8 0 ; 1 at $ 6 .8 0 to $7; 4 at $ 7 .4 0 to $ 7 .6 0 ; and 17 at $ 8 .4 0 to $ 8 .6 0 . W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 3 at $ 5 .8 0 to $6; and 2 at $6 to $6. 20. W orkers w e re distribu ted as fo llo w s : 19 at $5. 20 to $5. 40; 15 at $ 5 .4 0 to $5. 60; 4 at $5. 60 to $5. 80; 8 at $5. 80 to $6; 8 at $6 to $6. 20; and 7 at $6. 20 to $6. 40. Table 12. Occupational Earnings: New York City—Contract Shops (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of workers in selected production occupations in women's and m isses' coat and suit manufacturing establishments, August 1962) O ccupation and sex N um - A v e r Num ber o f w ork ers re ce ivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— age $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.76 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.20 * 2 .4ff $2.60 $ Z ^ 0 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4. £6 $4740 $4.80 $5.0 6 $5.20 w o rk - e a rn - under and K " ers ings 1 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.20 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 over A ll produ ction w o rk e rs — W om en — ---------------------- 17,430 $2.72 6, 636 3.36 10,794 2. 32 2 351 70 281 463 409 33 79 384 376 466 148 318 473 61 412 338 32 306 659 143 516 643 88 555 . 3 11 7 3 - - - - - - 6 6 3 - - - - - 11 5 3 3 7 - 3 6 6 6 16 3 13 9 3 3 492 1643 1560 1689 44 288 373 390 448 1355 1187 1299 1274 1196 295 439 757 979 1035 539 496 812 536 276 941 654 287 573 413 160 322 228 94 480 353 127 13 60 346 296 50 388 329 59 148 123 25 6 6 111 92 19 138 128 10 480 462 18 13 20 S elected occu pation s C utters and m a rk e rs (238 m en and 12 w om en )3 a / — In s p e c to r s, final (exa m in ers) ------------------M e n ^ a ./------------------------W om en 3a / -------------------P r e s s e r s , hand ---------------T i m e -----------------------Incentive —------------W om en 3b / --------------------P r e s s e r s , m achine (all m en) ------------------------I n c e n t iv e ---------------------P r e s s e r s , hand and m achine (a ll m e n ) ---------T im e ----------------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------------S ew ers, hand (fin is h e rs ) — M en ---------------— ----------Incentive ---------------W om en -------------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------Sewing m achine o p era to rs s e ctio n s y s t e m --------------M en -----------------------------T i m e -----------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------W om en -------------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------Sewing m achine o p era to rs singlehand (ta ilor) s y s t e m ---------------------------M en -----------------------------T i m e -----------------------I n c e n t iv e ----------------W om en -------------------------T im e Incentive — T h rea d tr im m e r s ( c le a n e r s ) --------Men 3a / -----W om en 3a / -■*2 6 5 4 3 250 3 .8 4 236 175 61 921 885 277 608 36 2.85 3.20 1.86 3.82 3.88 3. 12 4. 23 2.29 . 798 4. 15 112 3.27 686 4. 30 361 60 301 3,857 547 251 296 3, 310 1, 137 2, 173 4. 08 3.3 2 4.2 3 2. 50 2.88 3.00 2.78 2. 43 2. 29 2. 51 4, 440 817 472 345 3 ,623 1,229 2 ,3 9 4 2. 47 2.91 2 .9 4 2.86 2.37 2.3 2 2.39 2, 663 1,706 380 1, 326 957 205 752 3.41 3 .70 3.38 3. 79 2.91 3.05 2.87 309 1.42 19 1.50 290 1.41 12 - - - - 2 - - _ - - “ - 6 10 10 3 7 " - - - - - _ 6 6 6 - 17 4 13 17 11 7 4 6 - 3 3 _ _ 18 15 3 15 15 6 9 - 29 21 8 24 18 7 11 6 7 13 8 5 7 3 - 3 - 22 30 - - 141 8 _ 22 78 78 56 22 115 115 46 69 70 70 56 14 85 85 28 57 10 10 7 3 90 90 56 56 90 77 18 59 6 3 3 84 25 59 81 44 37 53 1 52 29 7 22 78 3 75 30 54 12 42 147 89 79 10 58 35 20 15 139 51 30 21 88 31 7 24 58 17 25 212 50 162 49 21 28 218 38 27 11 180 41 139 58 30 237 25 _ 92 23 69 186 66 120 145 56 89 8 133 58 75 55 7 75 3 115 10 132 8 225 11 3 8 214 96 118 187 7 6 1 180 45 135 561 43 14 29 518 243 275 544 122 76 46 422 172 250 648 99 65 34 549 267 282 410 63 42 21 347 101 246 362 81 57 24 281 96 185 231 73 59 14 158 41 117 110 55 6 49 55 136 70 6 64 66 300 116 33 83 184 98 86 263 166 55 111 97 29 68 - - - - - _ 7 48 48 3 72 12 60 10 105 27 78 8 124 34 90 195 30 7 23 165 43 122 12 6 9 - 9 _ 25 4 43 6 6 _ 87 21 6 6 _ 6 9 _ 9 9 _ 9 4 21 _ 21 6 37 _ 37 > 6 _ 6 21 66 _ 66 49 13 36 13 _ 27 9 _ 4 13 - 27 3 3 - 9 _ - - _ - _ - _ 43 69 3 66 86 - _ 86 _ 362 55 13 42 307 82 225 _ 13 13 - . 610 107 56 51 503 242 261 3 20 20 95 47 48 . 600 59 6 53 541 207 334 33 7 7 7 48 16 32 59 > _ 22 38 - 44 12 32 43 145 - 49 33 12 21 16 44 44 25 19 15 33 33 30 9 21 44 _ 186 - 27 27 _ 59 59 92 - 15 16 16 22 22 - 95 16 538 58 27 31 480 212 268 3 - 55 7 _ 3 3 _ _ _ _ 30 74 _ _ _ 17 74 88 17 41 15 26 17 74 146 25 13 12 121 13 108 181 111 58 53 70 13 57 72 28 22 6 44 7 37 49 25 19 6 24 7 17 49 15 12 3 34 34 181 143 78 65 38 6 32 254 180 96 84 74 51 23 232 177 68 109 55 150 106 19 87 44 6 . 38 _ _ 28 28 13 13 35 35 4102 102 56 54 54 6 48 28 13 35 102 78 69 1 31 3 8163 _ _ 78 69 1 31 _ _ 30 17 _ _ _ 7 7 54 _ 38 19 13 6 19 54 21 14 _ _ _ 13 13 19 7 13 38 16 6 10 22 16 3 19 19 13 6 _ 3 13 6 - - 13 - - 19 - 145 129 6 123 16 _ 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 - - " - - 6 - - " - - - 55 56 56 _ 56 _ _ 112 99 _ 38 38 _ 38 _ _ 86 86 _ _ - _ - 21 18 6 81 75 _ 75 6 ‘ lOO 81 7 74 19 66 3 3 3 - _ 60 - 13 _ 18 3 6 22 86 660 18 3 _ _ _ 163 18 _ _ _ 55 _ _ 13 228 92 6 86 136 15 121 _ _ 13 _ 14 7 _ _ _ 13 3 6 99 13 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holid ays, and late shifts. 2 Includes 29 w o rk e rs at $1 to $ 1 .1 0 . 3 Insufficien t data to w arrant presentation of separate averages by m ethod of wage paym ent; (a) all o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all o r predom inantly incentive w ork ers. 4 W ork ers w ere d istributed as fo llo w s ; 34 at $ 5 .2 0 to $ 5 .4 0 ; 19 at $ 5 .4 0 to $ 5 .6 0 ; 3 at $ 6 .2 0 to $ 6 .4 0 ; 12 at $ 6 .4 0 to $ 6 .6 0 ; 19 at $ 6 .8 0 to $7; 3 at $ 7 .2 0 to $ 7 .4 0 ; and 12 at $7. 80 to $8. 5 W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 41 at $ 5 .2 0 to $ 5 .4 0 ; 34 at $ 5 .4 0 to $ 5 .6 0 ; 20 at $ 5 .6 0 to $ 5 .8 0 ; 21 at $ 5 .8 0 to $6; 3 at $6 to $ 6 .2 0 ; 28 at $ 6 .2 0 to $ 6 .4 0 ; 7 at $ 6 .8 0 to $ 7 ; and 9 at $7. 60 and o v e r. 6 W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 6 at $5. 20 to $5. 40; 28 at $ 5 . 40 to $ 5. 60; 3 at $ 5. 60 to $ 5 .8 0 ; 6 at $5. 80 to $6; 14 at $6. 20 to $6. 40; and 3 at $9. 40 to $9. 60. 00 Table 13. Occupational Earnings: Newark and Jersey City (N um ber and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w o rk e rs in se le cte d production occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' coat and suit m anufacturing establishm ents, August 1962) O ccupation and sex Number o f w ork ers receivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings o f— N um - A v e r age j n z o $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 1.90 $2.00 $2a o $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3700 $37ZIT $3.40 $3760 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $ 1.H) $T72C) hourly Under of and w o rk - e a rn - $ under e rs $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 over A ll produ ction w o r k e r s ___- 5,642 $2. 25 2.7 7 Men ______________________ 1,317 W om en --------- ---- ------------ 4,325 2. 09 34 34 246 46 200 327 59 268 256 29 227 183 25 158 305 43 262 193 18 175 242 28 214 397 37 360 235 16 219 424 78 346 340 29 311 342 168 276 146 66 22 468 142 326 290 84 206 227 80 147 289 133 156 162 61 101 124 50 74 128 95 33 69 45 24 22 12 34 42 14 28 1 1 49 44 5 3 8 8 12 12 8 8 6 6 - 6 21 20 20 11 10 14 14 8 8 - - 1 13 13 13 - 2 2 1 14 14 14 - - - 24 17 7 11 5 4 7 4 12 2 10 8 6 2 4 - 13 11 2 104 84 20 Selected occu pation s Cutters and m a r k e r s (86 m en and 4 w om en) _______ 90 82 T i m e ____________________ In sp ectors, final (exa m in ers) (7 m en and 2 w om en) 2 _______________ 9 P r e s s e r s , hand ____________ 286 Men ________ ____ 248 T i m e _________________ 146 102 Incentive ___________ W om en 2 ________________ 38 P r e s s e r s , m achine (243 m en and 8 w om en) _______ 251 Tim e _______ 130 121 In c e n tiv e ________________ P r e s s e r s , hand and m a chine (153 m en and 155 2 w o m e n ) __ _____________ Tim e _______________ ___ _ 102 53 I n c e n tiv e ________________ S ew ers, hand ( fi n i s h e r s ) __ 938 M e n 2 ___________________ 9 W om en __________________ 929 480 T i m e __ _____________ In c e n t iv e -------------------449 Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , s ection s y s t e m ----------------- 2,656 246 Men _____________________ 135 T i m e ______________ — 111 Incentive ------------- W om en __________________ 2,410 T i m e -------------------------- 1,232 I n c e n t iv e ------------------ - 1,178 Thread tr im m e r s (cleaners) 85 (a ll w om en) 2 -------------------1 2 3 4 3 .4 0 3.41 2. 64 2. 86 3. 05 2 .45 3.91 1. 62 _ _ - _ . _ 3. 37 2 .95 3 .83 _ _ _ 2. 65 2. 54 _ _ _ 4 . 4 _ 4 2.41 2 .77 2 .47 3. 13 2. 37 2. 09 2 2 14 6 2 4 8 10 4 4 6 2 10 - 4 4 - 6 - 6 6 2 60 41 19 41 41 28 13 71 2 2 69 34 35 101 4 4 97 63 34 151 106 45 4 2 2 _ 4 4 _ 7 7 _ 7 . _ _ 46 _ 46 28 18 4 4 37 37 30 7 30 30 _ _ 7 _ _ 30 2 2 42 4 4 - - - - 2.66 _ _ - 7 7 - 28 23 5 38 32 6 32 17 15 128 4 4 124 89 35 1. 32 “ 27 27 14 “ 7 2. 03 2.4 7 2. 03 1.82 2. 25 21 9 33 1 1 _ 20 - 2 2 2 2 2 2.86 8 4 4 %4 4 4 • 6 6 6 _ 2 2 61 1 2 69 69 40 29 16 12 4 4 4 4 4 - 2 2 - 1 1 4 4 70 70 41 29 - 171 1 170 146 24 160 9 3 6 136 4 4 132 68 64 ” 1 22 20 16 4 2 - - 12 12 10 2 - 2 3 3 2 1 - 30 30 26 4 - - 21 19 18 1 2 - 2 2 8 8 4 4 2 2 28 14 14 18 13 5 17 15 18 5 5 - 13 9 4 36 6 30 26 4 70 3 67 16 51 15 5 14 12 - 6 52 52 27 25 48 285 241 274 180 94 230 137 93 7 237 165 72 2 ~ 11 11 68 68 20 11 11 1 35 13 22 265 28 21 - 1 5 39 39 12 27 112 7 2 5 105 47 58 " 280 39 35 4 241 155 86 2 10 7 3 19 18 1 19 13 6 36 36 10 49 2 4 19 19 19 36 174 135 141 30 18 153 50 103 4 123 14 109 47 17 30 21 9 12 12 8 ’ 12 111 30 81 12 2 - 3 5 - 20 20 13 7 13 7 6 4 2 7 20 20 20 84 7 2 5 77 8 69 1 6 6 73 5 5 68 3 65 4 4 3 3 31 2 2 2 51 28 30 4 26 4 2 22 22 21 1 20 6 2 1 1 1 1 20 - 9 9 11 - 11 1 - 1 1 1 8 8 - 8 - 30 30 330 - 2 39 2 439 - 2 2 - - - - 28 28 28 3 28 " E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. Insufficien t data to w arra n t p resen tation o f separate averages by method o f w age paym ent, all o r predom inantly tim ew ork ers. W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 9 at $5 to $ 5 .2 0 ; 4 at $ 5 .2 0 to $ 5 .4 0 ; 7 at $ 5 .4 0 to $ 5 .6 0 ; 2 at $ 5 .6 0 to $ 5 .8 0 ; 2 at $ 5 .8 0 to $6; and 6 at $6 and ov er. W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 4 at $4. 60 to $4. 80; 10 at $4. $0 to $5; 5 at $5 to $5. 20; 2 at $5. 20 to $5. 40; 10 at $5. 40 to $5. 60; 3 at $5. 80 to $6; and 5 at $6 and ov er. - - 1 1 - 2 2 ' 8 8 20 - 20 Table 14. Occupational Earnings: Paterson—-Clifton—Passaic (Number and average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f w o rk e rs in s e le cte d production occupations in w om en 's and m is s e s ' coat and suit m anufacturing establishm ents, August 1962) N um O ccupation and sex A v e r- of hourly w o rk ers m gs 1 A ll produ ction w o r k e r s ------- 4, 470 Men - ____ ______ ___________ 889 W om en ----------------------------- 3,581 $2.13 2.65 2.00 Num ber o f w o rk e rs re ce ivin g straigh t-tim e h ou rly earnings of$ 1.00 $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $ 1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 15750 $4.60 and $ 1.10 $ 1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $2.10 $ 2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 over 3 3 203 33 170 267 38 229 219 46 173 200 29 171 273 36 237 9 - - - 3 9 _ _ _ _ _ 6 6 6 10 6 6 _ 5 5 5 3 15 220 28 192 279 37 242 - - _ _ 9 317 249 295 229 354 48 306 265 26 239 1 1 1 1 4 - 22 20 283 45 238 101 4 97 312 37 275 159 51 108 206 63 143 68 26 11 6 164 82 82 76 30 46 84 51 33 44 24 21 10 & 2 9 17 5 1 5 - - - - - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ 10 10 7 3 6 _ 4 4 _ 11 11 7 4 _ 9 9 _ 9 6 6 6 6 6 _ 5 _ _ _ _ 11 11 1 10 31 43 33 10 15 11 5 57 44 13 S elected occupations C utters and m a r k e r s (50 53 In s p ectors, final (exa m in ers) ---------- — -----W om en 2 —________________ P r e s s e r s , hand -------------------M e n __ , ..__., . ... . i T im e ______________________ W om en 2 --------------------------P r e s s e r s , m achine (229 m en and 4 w om en) ________ T im e _________ ______________ Incentive ________________ P r e s s e r s , hand and m a chine (33 m en and 3 w om en) __________________ T im e ________________ _ Incentive ________________ S ew ers, hand (fin ish ers) (2 m en and 468 w o m e n )----- 3.81 1.98 - 172 124 48 40 1.64 2.56 2.75 2.39 3.70 1.73 _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ 233 154 79 3.29 4.08 - _ _ _ _ _ 36 17 19 3.65 2.15 5.00 - - _ _ 470 313 157 1.93 1.78 2.22 - 2.21 2.04 2.50 - 5 _ 5 5 1.31 " 31 33 12 21 212 Incentive ------—-------- ------Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , s e c tio n s y s t e m ------------------- 2, 274 M en ____________________________ 128 T i m e _____________ „ ___ 102 26 Incentive ----------------_— W om en _______________________ 2, 146 T i m e __________________ 1,402 Incentive _____________ 744 T h rea d tr im m e r s (cle a n e r s ) (14 m en and 149 w om en) 2 ---------------------163 2.88 2.88 2.46 2.43 2.56 2.20 E x clu des prem iu m pay fo r o vertim e and In su fficien t data to w arrant presentation W ork ers w e re d istributed as fo llo w s: 6 W ork ers w ere d istributed as fo llo w s: 4 W ork ers w ere d istributed as fo llo w s: 3 2 2 _ 17 2 2 9 11 7 1 2 3 4 _ _ _ _ 4 4 _ 2 2 5 5 - _ _ 7 7 . 6 _ - - 2 2 2 2 - - 7 7 1 1 45 33 3 57 43 14 38 _ 38 30 8 45 . 45 37 8 52 _ _ 52 37 15 89 _ 89 63 26 92 _ 92 69 23 52 44 22 4 3 - 4 17 13 9 9 24 6 1 7 5 5 . _ 9 7 2 6 6 20 _ 7 7 7 21 12 47 36 11 164 10 6 4 154 90 80 10 189 13 12 1 42 176 153 23 4 3 112 10 _ 3 3 2 2 9 8 8 1 11 11 - - - 14 7 6 16 155 4 4 _ 151 260 17 16 195 218 17 14 3 112 39 1 243 184 59 _ 6 3 8 8 13 7 3 3 189 154 35 1 1 1 7 4 3 9 9 _ _ 20 6 _ _ 37 33 4 21 - 22 201 162 39 21 7 14 69 1 1 68 _ 33 35 _ 13 2 11 261 15 15 246 161 85 3 3 14 14 14 3 3 19 19 15 4 _ 16 5 2 17 3 15 - 4 _ - 3 _ 4 _ _ 7 3 4 - 4 _ 4 6 6 _ 1 1 1 1 45 7 7 38 2 36 25 8 8 4 4 1 1 3 18 2 16 106 134 14 14 _ 8 4 4 98 42 56 120 33 87 _ 3 7 7 3 9 1 3 10 12 9 2 3 1 12 18 18 _ 58 46 _ 16 5 77 7 1 6 70 14 56 fo r w ork on weekends, holid ays, and late shifts. o f separate averages by m ethod o f w age payment, all o r predom inantly tim ew ork ers. at $ 4 .6 0 to $ 4 .8 0 ; and 4 at $ 5 .2 0 to $ 5 .4 0 . at $ 4 .6 0 to $ 4 .8 0 ; 2 at $ 4 .8 0 to $ 5 ; 4 at $ 5 .4 0 to $ 5 . 60; 2 at $ 5 . 60 to $ 5 . 80; and 8 at $6 and o v e r . at $ 4 .6 0 to $ 4 .8 0 ; and 7 at $6 and o v e r . 30 18 1 1 _ 24 2 22 19 5 2 3 14 2 12 - 7 3 3 _ 4 _ 4 2 _ _ _ 8 8 _ 3 JQ ’ 22 2 420 4 _ 4 _ _ _ _ _ 1 10 1 510 . - _ _ _ _ 5 _ _ _ 5 _ 5 8 . _ _ 8 _ 8 _ _ _ 8 _ 8 Table 15. Occupational Earnings: Philadelphia O (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of workers in selected production occupations in women's and m isses' coat and suit manufacturing establishments, August 1962) O ccupation and sex A ll produ ction w o r k e r s ____ W o m e n __________________ Num ber of w o rk e rs Num ber o f w o rk e rs receivin g straigh t-tim e hourly earnings of— A v er age $ 1 .2 0 $1.30 $1.40 |H !o $I75o $1770 $ T 8 0 $1790 $2.00 $ 2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2760 $2.80 $3700 $3.20 $3740" $37$0 $3.80 $4700 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 hourly Under and and ea rn $ under in g s12 .20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $ 1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $ 2.00 $ 2 .10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $ 2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 over 1, 187 $2 . 35 3.27 349 838 1.97 164 17 147 41 23 18 48 30 18 26 16 10 17 10 7 30 23 7 16 15 1 11 9 2 61 256 5 S elected occupations Cutters and m a rk ers (a ll m e n )34 7a / ______________ 6 5 In spectors TTfinal ( e x a m in e r s )____ __ _______ M en ^ a / _________________ W om en 3a / _____________P a ck e rs , s h ip p in g _________ M en ^ a / _________________ W om en 3 a / ______________ P r e s s e r s , ~Kand____________ Men 3b / _________________ W om en 3b / ______________ P r e s s e r s , m achine (a ll m en) 3b / __________________ P r e s s e r s , hand and m a chine (all m en) 3b / _______ S ew ers, hand (fin is h e r s ) (3 m en and 169 w o m e n )__ I n c e n tiv e ________________ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , s e c tio n s y stem (21 m en and 416 w o m e n )3b / ---------Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) system (75 m en and 12 w om en )3b / ------------------T hread tr im m e r s (cleaner*) (a ll w o m e n )3 -------------------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 43 7 36 23 10 13 44 32 12 14 14 49 24 172 59 113 3 .7 3 1.36 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. W ork ers w e re distribu ted as fo llo w s : 6 at $ 4 .6 0 to $ 4 .8 0 ; 24 at $ 4 .8 0 to $ 5 .2 0 ; 16 at $ 5 .2 0 to $ 5 .6 0 ; 3 at $ 5 .6 0 to $6; and7 at $6 and o v er. Insufficien t data to w arrant p resen tation o f separate averages by m ethod o f wage paym ent; (a) a ll o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all o r predom inantly incentive w ork ers, A ll w ork ers w e re at $1. 10 to $ 1 .2 0 . W ork ers w e re distribu ted as fo llo w s : 2 at $ 4 .6 0 to $ 4 .8 0 ; 2 at $ 4 .8 0 to $5; 9 at $5 to $ 5 .2 0 ; and 4 at $5. 20 to $ 5 .4 0 . W ork ers w ere distribu ted as fo llo w s : 1 at $1 to $1. 10; and 5 at $ 1 .1 0 to $1. 20. W ork ers w e re d istribu ted as fo llo w s : 7 at $ 4 .6 0 to $5; 6 at $5 to $ 5 ,4 0 ; 5 at $ 5 .4 0 to $ 5 .8 0 ; and 1 at $ 5 .8 0 and o v e r. 7 19 Table 16. Occupational Earnings: San Francisco—Oakland (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected production occupations in women's and m isses' coat and suit manufacturing establishments, August 1962) N um - A v e r O ccupation -and sex A ll p rodu ction w o r k e r s ___ M en --------------------------------W om en *------------------ ------ of hourly w o rk - e a rn era 544 107 437 $2.22 3.00 2.03 29 3.32 13 Num ber o f w o rk e rs re ce iv in g s tra igh t-tim e h ou rly earnings o f— $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.70 $2.90 $3.10 $3.30 $3.50 $3.70 $3.90 $4.10 $4.30 $4.50 $4.70 and $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 1 L 5 0 $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 IM P ., $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.70 $2.?0 $3.10 $3.30 $3.50 $3.70 $3.90 $4.10 $4.30 $4.50 $4.70 over 7 7 54 7 47 19 2 17 33 1 32 37 3 34 27 27 33 3 30 26 4 22 14 14 30 3 27 16 1 15 1.55 ‘1 2 2 - 3 *1 1 1 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 36 3 33 26 3 23 12 _ 12 36 9 27 31 7 24 23 6 17 26 15 11 14 7 7 10 8 2 10 6 4 6 5 1 6 3 3 1 _ 1 2 5 5 4 3 4 3 x 3 3 Incentive _______ :_______ Sewing m achine o p e r a to r s , singlehand (ta ilor) s y s t e m --------------------------- --Men 2 b / _________________ W om en M a / _____________ 13 3.06 35 3.47 1 - - 7 2 - - - - - _ x . x 1 2 1 - 4 4 2 6 3 3 1 1 2 2 - 4 - 1 - - 3 - 1 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ . . 1 ! _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ 7 1 6 9 1 8 7 _ 7 7 4 3 4 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 10 2.79 - - - - - - 1 - 104 34 70 1.55 1.61 1.52 3 3 28 2 26 5 5 21 14 7 9 4 5 12 4 8 8 1 7 3 2 1 2 2 - 5 4 1 3 _ 3 _ _ 66 10 56 2.80 3.48 2.68 _ _ _ _ . 1 1 1 1 2 “ - " - 1 1 2 1 - 1 - - 3 1 2 1 4 2 6 7 4 2 6 7 1 _ 1 1 E x clu des prem iu m pay fo r ove rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holid ays, and late shifts. Insufficien t data to w arrant presentation o f separate averages by m ethod o f w age paym ent; (a) all o r predom inantly tim e w o rk e rs, and (b) all o r predom inantly incentive w o rk e rs . 7 7 1 Selected occu pation s C utters and m a rk e rs (a ll m e n )2 a/ -------------------In sp ectors, final (e x a m in ers) (a ll w om en) 2 a / ----P r e s s e r s , hand (5 m en and 8 w o m e n )2 a / ________ P r e s s e r s , m achine (17 m en and 18 w o m e n )2 b / _ P r e s s e r s , hand and m a chine (4 m en and 6 w om en )2 b / _____________ S ew ers, hauid (fin ish ers) (all w o m e n )_______________ 2 - Table 17. Scheduled Weekly Hours Ins to (P e r c e n t o f production w ork ers in w om en 's and m is s e s ' coat and suit m anufacturing establishm ents by scheduled w eekly h o u r s ,1 10 se le cte d a re a s , August 1962) W eekly hours 1 A ll w ork ers ____ ______________ 21 hours ________________ ________ 28 hours __________________________ 35 hours __________ _ _ ___ 37V2 hours ________________________ 40 hours __________________________ B a ltim ore Boston Chicago Kansas City Los A n g e le s Long Beach 100 100 100 100 . 100 - 1 5 37 _ 57 _ 81 19 _ 78 - 22 Regular shops 2 Contract shops 100 100 100 100 . 90 _ 10 _ 94 3 3 _ 91 2 7 97 3 P a te r s o n C lifton P a ss a ic P h ila delphia San F ran c is c o — Oakland 100 100 100 100 . 84 93 - - 100 93 - - - 16 7 Newark \ and J e r s e y City New York A ll shops - 7 1 Data rela te to predom inant w ork schedule o f fu ll-tim e day-sh ift w orkers in each establishm ent. 2 Includes jobbin g shops p e rfo rm in g som e m anufacturing operations, in addition to regu lar (inside) shops. NOTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not equal 100. Table 18. Paid Holidays (Paid holiday p r o v is io n s 1 fo r production w ork ers covered by International L a d ie s ' G arm ent W o r k e r s ' Union con tracts in w om en 's and m is s e s ' coat and suit manufacturing establishm ents, 10 se le cte d a re a s, August 1962) Number o f holidays A rea Method of com puting pay B a ltim ore 6 days annually to those who w ork any part o f holiday week. 7 tim es a w o r k e r ’s average hourly earnings eith er in the p reviou s 4 w eeks o r in the holiday w eek, the m ethod o f com putation varying am ong shops. B oston 5 days annually. Chicago 4 days annually; on e-h alf day's pay guaranteed, th ree-fou rth s T im ew ork ers paid their regular rates; those on an incentive b a sis w ere paid 7 tim es d a y 's pay fo r those working 3 days in the holiday w eek, and their average hourly earnings during the 20 w eeks ending in the fir s t week of the p r e vious June. full pay fo r those w orking 4 days. K ansas City 5 days annually. T im ew ork ers paid their regular rates; those on an incentive b a sis w ere paid 7 tim es their average hourly earnings during the y ea r ending the p reviou s M arch 31. L os A n geles—Long Beach 5V2 days annually. T im ew ork ers paid their regular rates; those on an incentive b a sis w ere paid amounts ranging fro m $12 to $15, accord in g to craft. New Y ork 6V2 days annually. T im ew ork ers paid their regular rates; those on an incentive b a sis w ere paid amounts ranging fro m $ 1 2 .5 0 to $20, accord in g to craft. Newark and J e r s e y City 6V2 days annually. T im ew ork ers paid their regular rates; those on an incentive b a sis w ere paid amounts ranging fro m $ 1 2 .5 0 to $ 20, accord in g to craft. P a ter s o n -C lift o n -P a s s a ic — 6V2 days annually. T im ew ork ers paid their regular rates; those on an incentive b a sis w ere paid amounts ranging fro m $ 1 2 .5 0 to $ 20, a ccord in g to craft. P h iladelphia 6V2 days annually. T im ew ork ers paid their regular rates; those on an incentive b a sis w ere paid amounts ranging fro m $10 to $ 20, accord in g to craft. San F ra n cis co-O akland 5 */2 days annually. In a few shops in C h icago, p r o v is io n s d iffe re d slightly from those shown. T im ew ork ers paid their regular am ounts, varying by craft. rates; those on an incentive ba sis w ere paid flat T im ew ork ers paid their regular rates; those on an incentive b a sis w ere paid amounts ranging fro m $ 1 1 .8 4 to $19, a cco rd in g to craft. Table 19. Health, Welfare, and Vacation Benefits (Health, welfare, and vacation benefits provisions1 for production workers covered by International Ladies' Garment W orkers' Union contracts in women's and m isses' coat and suit manufacturing establishments, 10 selected areas, August 1962) Em ployer contribution 2 A rea 4V2 percent. Vacation benefits 3 Other benefits 2 percent o f w o rk e r's earnings in previou s calendar year if b e low $1, 000; $40 to $70 fo r w o rk e rs with higher earnings. H ospital, su rg ica l, eyeglass benefits. c lin ic a l, disa b ility, B oston ---------------------------------------------- 4V2 percent. 4 2 p ercent of w o rk e r's earnings in the year ending on the p r e vious M arch 31. H ospital, m aternity, C hicago -------------------------------------------- 2 percen t. 5 1 w e e k 's pay— 35 tim es a w o r k e r 's average hourly earnings H ospital, su rg ica l, disability, e y eg la ss, and death benefits; also, during the 20 w eeks ending fir s t w eek o f previous June— if e m fre e m e d ica l ca r e fo r union m em bers at union health center. ployed at least 1 y e a r ; V4 w eek fo r each quarter ye a r w orked, if em ployed le s s than 1 ye a r. K ansas C i t y ------------------------------------- 3 p ercent. 6 1 w eek after 1 y ear and 2 w eeks after 5 y e a r s ; benefits p r o H ospital, m aternity, disability and death benefits, and r e im rated fo r w o rk e rs em ployed o v e r 8 months as o f A p ril 1. B en e bursem ent o f d o c t o r 's fe e s ; also fr e e m ed ica l ca re fo r union fits w ere based on w o r k e r 's average hourly earnings in the year m em bers at union health cen ter. ending the p revious M arch 31. L os A n geles—Long Beach --------------- 5V2 percent. 2 p ercent o f w o rk e r's earnings in the previou s calendar year, with a m inim um payment o f $2. New Y o r k ----------------------------------------- 4l/z percent. $70 fo r o p e ra to rs, fin is h e rs , p r e s s e r s , cu tters, exam in ers, and H ospital, buttonhole m a k ers; $60 fo r f e lle r s and s p e cia l m achine o p e r a benefits. to r s ; $50 fo r flo o r w o rk e rs . N ewark and J e r s e y C i t y ----------------- 4V2 percent. $65 fo r o p e ra to rs, p r e s s e r s , and $50 fo r flo o r w o rk e rs . and cu tte rs; $55 fo r fin ish e rs; P a ter s o n - C l if t o n - P a s s a i c ------------- 4V2 p ercen t. $65 fo r o p e ra to rs, p r e s s e r s , and $50 fo r flo o r w o rk e rs . P h iladelphia ------------------------------------ 4V2 percent. 2 percen t o f w o rk e r's earnings in the p revious calendar year H ospital, su rg ica l, disability, m aternity, clin ic a l and eyeglass with paym ents in Camden ranging fro m $10 m inim um to $65 benefits in Camden and hospital, su rg ica l, clin ica l, and disability m axim um , and in Philadelphia, fro m a $15 m inim um to a benefits in Philadelphia. $65 m axim um . 7 percent. 2V2 percen t o f w o r k e r 's earnings in p revious calendar year if M edical ca re , m aternity c a r e , d isability benefits, eyeglass, below $ 1 ,5 0 0 ; $52 to $158 fo r w o rk e rs with earnings fro m death benefits. $1, 500 to $6, 000. B a lt i m o r e ---------------------------------------- San F ra n cis co-O akland due ----------------- su rgica l, death, m aternity, death, and and eyeglass benefits. H ospital, su rgica l, c lin ica l, disability, ey eg la ss, and death benefits. m ed ica l, d isability, m aternity, eyeglass, and death H ospital, m ed ica l, benefits. disability, m aternity, eyeglass, and death and cu tte rs; $55 fo r fin is h e rs ; H ospital, m ed ica l, benefits. d isability, m aternity, eyeglass, and death and 1 In a few shops in Ch icago, p rovision s differed slightly fr o m those shown. 2 E m p loyer contribu tions to the health, w elfare, and vacation fund w ere based on pa y ro lls fo r w o rk e rs co v e r e d by union agreem en ts. 3 Vacation benefits paid fr o m union fund in all areas except Chicago and Kansas City and one shop in B altim ore w here vacation paym ents w ere made by em p loy ers d ir e ctly to the w ork ers. 4 4/2 p ercen t in 4 shops with 3/* o f the w o rk e rs ; and 372 percen t in the rem aining shops. 5 1 p ercen t of w eekly p a y ro lls fo r w ork ers co v e re d by the agreem ent was contributed to a health fund until July 1, 1961, but such contribution has been suspended untilJuly 1, 1963, to a surplus in the health fund and is being made to the retirem ent fund instead. An additional 1 percen t o f p a y ro lls fo r c o v e r e d w o rk e rs was contribu ted to a health cen ter fund. 6 l 3/4 p ercen t o f w eekly pa yrolls fo r w ork ers co v e re d by the agreem ent w as contributed to a health and w e lfa re fund and an additional IV4 percent of qu arterly p ayrolls fo r covered w o rk e rs to a health ce n te r fund. (S3 CM to Table 20. Retirement Plans (R etirem en t p ro v is io n s 1 fo r w ork ers co ve re d by International L a d ie s' G arment W o rk e rs' Union con tra cts in w om en 's and m is s e s ' coat and suit m anufacturing establishm ents, 10 s e le cte d a reas, August 1962) A rea Benefits to qualified w ork ers 3 E m p loyer contributions B a ltim ore 4 pe rce n t. $50 a month, after age 65; w om en as e arly as age 62, with reduced benefits; totally disabled w ork ers, at age 60, with full benefits and disabled w om en as ea rly as age 56, with reduced benefits, if d isability com m en ces in o r after the 55th ye a r; lum p-su m $500 death benefit. B oston 3 p e rce n t. $50 a month, after age 65; w om en as ea rly as age 62, with reduced benefits; totally disabled w ork ers, at age 60, with full benefits and as e a rly as age 56, with reduced benefits, if disability com m en ces in or after 55th y ea r; lum p-sum $500 death benefit. 4V2 p e rce n t. 2V2 p e rce n t. 4V2 p e rce n t. 4 $50 a month, after age 65; totally disabled w o rk e rs , K ansas C i t y --------------------------------------- $50 a month, after age 65; lu m p-su m $500 death benefit. 6 pe rce n t. $65 a month after age 65; w om en m ay r e tir e with benefits o f $45 at age 62, $54 at age 63, and $60 at age 64; totally disabled w o rk e rs m ay re tir e with full benefits at age 60 and with a benefit reduction o f 7 p ercent fo r each year before age 60, but not e a r lie r than age 56 if disability com m en ces in o r after the 55th y e a r ; lu m p-su m $500 death benefit. N ewark and J e r s e y City 6 p e rce n t. $65 a month, after age 65; w om en m ay re tir e with benefits o f $45 at age 62, $54 at age 63, and $64 at age 64; totally disabled w o rk e rs m ay r e tir e with full benefits at age 60, and with a benefit reduction o f 7 percent fo r each year before age 60, but not e a r lie r than age 56 if d isability com m en ces in o r after the 55th y ea r; lum p-su m $500 .death benefit. P a terson —C lifton—P a ss a ic 6 p e rce n t. $65 a month, after age 65; w om en m ay re tir e with benefits o f $45 at age 62, $54 at age 63, and $60 at age 64; totally disabled w o rk e rs m ay r e tir e with full benefits at age 60 and with benefit reduction o f 7 p ercent fo r each year before age 60 but not e a r lie r than age 56 if disability com m e n ce s in o r after the 55th y ea r; lu m p-su m $500 death benefit. P h iladelphia -------------------------- 3l/2 p ercen t in Camden. 5 p e rce n t in Philadelphia. $50 a month, after age 65; totally disabled w ork ers m ay re tir e with full benefits at age 60 and with benefit reduction of 7 percent fo r each ye a r b e fo r e age 60 but not e a r lie r than age 56 if the disability com m en ces in or after the 55th year; lum p-su m $500 death benefit. San F ran c is co-O ak lan d 3V2 p e rce n t. $50 a month, after age 65; totally disabled w o rk e rs m ay re tir e at age 62 if the d isability com m en ces in the 61st year; lum p-su m $500 death benefit. L os A n geles—Long Beach ---------------- 1 2 3 4 $50 a month, after age 65; totally disabled w ork ers, at age 62; lum p-su m $500 death benefit. In a few shops in C h icago, p r o v is io n s d iffe re d slightly fro m those shown. E m p loyer contribu tions to re tire m e n t fund w ere based on payrolls fo r w o rk e rs co v e r e d by unit Other than benefits available under F e d e ra l o ld -a g e , su rv iv o rs, and disability insurance. 5 p ercen t beginning January 1, 1963. at age 60; lu m p-su m $500 death benefit. agreem ents. Appendix A: Scope and Method of Survey S cope o f Survey The su rv e y included establish m en ts p r im a r ily engaged in m anufacturing w o m e n 's, m i s s e s 1, and juniors* suits and co a ts , ex cep t fu r coats and ra in coa ts (p a rt o f in du stry 2337 as defined in the 1957 edition o f the Standard Industrial C la ssifica tio n M anual, p re p a re d by the U. S. B ureau o f the Budget). Shops m aking coats o f "m a n m a d e" fu r (a textile product) and con tra ct shops m aking sin gle s k irts fo r suit m a n u fa ctu rers o r fo r suit jo b b e r s w e re included in the study but re g u la r (in sid e) shops and job b in g shops p r im a r ily engaged in p r o ducing sin gle sk irts and con tra ct shops w orking on sk irts fo r su ch establish m en ts w ere e x clu ded. The job b in g shops included in the study w e re lim ited to those which p e r fo r m som e m anufacturing op era tion such as cutting, finish in g, o r packing and shipping. The establish m en ts studied w e re s e le c te d fr o m th ose em ployin g fo u r o r m o r e w o rk e rs at the tim e o f r e fe r e n c e o f the data used in com p ilin g the u n iv e rse lis ts . The num ber o f establish m en ts and w o rk e rs actu a lly studied by the Bureau, as w e ll as the num ber estim ated to be in the in du stry during the p a y r o ll p e r io d studied, a re shown in the follow in g table: Estimated number of establishments and employees within scope of women's and misses' coat and suit industry survey and number studied, 10 selected areas, August 1962 Number of establishments Area* Baltimore------------------------------------------------------------Boston ---------------------------------------------------------------Chicago ------------------------------------------------------------Kansas C i t y --------------------------------------------------------Los Angeles-Long Beach --------------------------------------New York ----------------------------------------------------------Regular shops 3 ------------------------------------------------Contract shops -----------------------------------------------Newark and Jersey City --------------------------------------Paterson-Clifton-Passaic -------------------------------------Philadelphia -----------------------------------------------------San Francisco-Oakland-----------------------------------------Total -------------------------------------------------------- Within scope of survey Studied Workers in establishments Within scope of study Total Studied Production workers Total 15 14 29 9 75 1,194 667 527 123 85 20 11 11 12 17 9 32 175 86 89 39 37 16 11 1,174 504 1,464 2,131 2, 899 34, 346 15, 886 18, 460 6, 014 4,779 1, 290 656 1,026 434 1,292 1,779 2,446 28,145 10,715 17,430 5, 642 4,470 1,187 544 1,088 485 1,201 2,131 1,756 7,662 3,826 3,836 2, 840 2, 267 1,166 656 1,575 359 55, 257 46,965 21,252 1 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U. S. Bureau of the Budget, 1961. 2 Includes only shops with 4 or more workers at the time of reference of the universe data. 3 Includes jobbing shops performing some manufacturing operations, in addition to regular (inside) shops. M ethod o f Study Data w ere obtained by p e r s o n a l v is its o f B ureau fie ld e co n o m ists under the d ir e c tio n o f the Bureau*s A ssista n t R egion al D ir e c to r s fo r W ages and Industrial R e la tio n s, The su rv e y was conducted on a sam p le b a s is . T o obtain ap p rop ria te a c c u r a c y at m inim u m c o s t, a g re a te r p ro p o rtio n o f la rg e than o f s m a ll esta blish m en ts was studied. In com binin g the data, h ow ev er, a ll establish m en ts w e re given th eir a p p rop ria te w eight. A ll estim a tes a re p resen ted , th e r e fo r e , as relatin g to a ll esta blish m en ts in the in du stry in the a r e a s , exclu din g on ly those b elow the m inim um s iz e at the tim e o f r e fe r e n c e o f the u n iv e rse data. 25 26 E stablishm ent D efinition An esta b lish m en t, fo r p u rp oses o f this study, is d efined as a sin gle p h y sica l lo ca tio n w h ere in d u stria l op era tion s a re p e r fo r m e d . An establish m en t is not n e c e s s a r ily id en tica l with the com pan y, w hich m ay c o n s is t o f one o r m o r e e sta b lish m en ts. E m ploym en t The estim a tes o f the num ber o f w o r k e r s as a g en e ra l guide to the s iz e and co m p o sitio n The advance planning n e c e s s a r y to m ake a wage lish m en ts a s s e m b le d c o n sid e ra b ly in advance o f within the s co p e o f the study a re intended o f the la b o r fo r c e in cluded in the su rvey. su rv ey r e q u ire s the u se o f lis ts o f e sta b the p a y r o ll p e r io d studied. P rod u ction W ork ers The te rm ’’p rod u ction w o r k e r s , ” as u sed in this b u lletin , in clu d es w orking fo re m e n and a ll n o n s u p e rv is o ry w o rk e rs engaged in n o n o ffice fu n ction s. A d m in istra tiv e , ex ecu tiv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and fo r c e -a c c o u n t con stru ction e m p lo y e e s , who w e re u tiliz e d as a sep a ra te w ork fo r c e on the fir m 's own p r o p e r tie s , w e re exclu ded. O ccu pations S e le cte d fo r Study O ccu pational c la s s ific a tio n was b a sed on a u n iform set o f jo b d e scrip tio n s d esign ed to take accou n t o f in teresta b lish m en t and in te ra re a v a ria tion s in duties within the sam e jo b . (See appendix B fo r these jo b d e s c r ip tio n s . ) The occu p a tion s w e re ch osen fo r th eir n u m er ic a l im p o rta n ce , th eir u sefu ln ess in c o lle c tiv e bargain in g, o r th eir re p re se n ta tiv e n e ss o f the en tire jo b s c a le in the indu stry. W orking s u p e r v is o r s , a p p re n tice s, le a r n e r s , b e g in n e rs, tra in e e s, handicapped, p a r t-tim e , te m p o ra ry , and p ro b a tio n a ry w o r k e r s w e r e not re p o rte d in the se le c te d occu p a tion s but w e re in cluded in the data fo r a ll p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s . Wage Data The w age in form a tion re la te s to a v era g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly e a rn in g s, excluding p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eek en ds, h o lid a y s, and late sh ifts. Incentive p aym en ts, such as those resu ltin g fr o m p ie c e w o r k o r p ro d u ctio n bonus sy ste m s and c o s t o f-liv in g b o n u s e s, w e re included as p a rt o f the w o r k e r s ' re g u la r pay; but n onproduction bonus paym en ts, such as C hristm as o r yea ren d b on u ses, w e re exclu d ed . The h ou rly e a rn ings o f sa la r ie d w o rk e rs w e re obtained by dividing stra ig h t-tim e sa la ry by n o rm a l rather than actual h o u r s .7 E stablishm ent P r a c t ic e s and Supplem entary W age P r o v is io n s W eekly H o u rs. Data r e fe r to the p redom in an t w ork sch ed u le fo r fu ll-tim e p rod u ction w o rk e rs e m p loyed on the day shift. Supplem entary B e n e fits . Supplem entary b en efits a r e p re se n te d in te rm s o f the p r o v isio n s o f the c o lle c tiv e bargaining a greem en ts with the International L a d ie s ' G arm ent W ork ers' Union, w hich w e re in e ffe c t in establish m en ts em ployin g about 95 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s in the 10 a r e a s . Average hourly rates or earnings for each occupation or other group of workers, such as men, women, or production workers, were obtained by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving the rate. Appendix B: Occupational Descriptions The p r im a r y p u rp o se o f p rep a rin g jo b d e s c r ip tions fo r the Bureau*s wage su rv ey s is to a s s is t its fie ld sta ff in c la s s ify in g into a p p rop ria te occu p ation s w o rk e rs who a re em p loyed under a v a rie ty o f p a y r o ll titles and d iffe re n t w ork a rra n gem en ts fr o m establish m en t to e s ta b lish m en t and fr o m a re a to a re a . This p erm its the g ro u p ing o f o ccu p a tion a l wage rates re p re se n tin g co m p a ra b le jo b content. B eca u se o f this em phasis on in teresta b lish m en t and in te ra re a co m p a ra b ility o f occu p a tion a l content, the B u rea u ’ s jo b d e s crip tio n s m ay d iffe r sig n ifica n tly fr o m th ose in use in individual establish m en ts o r those p re p a re d fo r oth er p u r p o s e s . In applying these jo b d e s c r ip tio n s , the B ureau ’ s fie ld e co n o m is ts a re in stru cted to exclu d e w o r k ing s u p e r v is o r s , a p p re n tice s, le a r n e r s , b eg in n ers, tr a in e e s , handicapped, p a r t-tim e , te m p o ra ry , and p ro b a tio n a ry w ork ers. C U TTE R AND M ARK ER M ark s the outlines o f v a rio u s garm en t parts on a p ly o f fa b r ic s and cuts out p a rts with sh e a rs, hand k n ife, o r p o w e re d cutting m a ch in e. M ay sp rea d o r lay up cloth on cu t ting table. W ork e rs who s p e c ia liz e in cutting o r in m ark ing and w o r k e r s engaged in m a r k ing and cutting linings and trim m in g s a re in clu d ed . S p e cia liz e d m a r k e r s using p e r fo r a te d p attern s, and m ark ing by use o f talcum , exclu d ed as a re a ll w o rk e rs who s p e c ia liz e in spread in g cloth. a re IN SPECTOR, F IN A L (EXAM IN ER) E xam in es and in sp ects co m p le te d garm ents p r io r *to p r e s s in g o r shipping. W ork in v olv es d eterm in in g whether the garm en ts co n fo rm to shop standards o f quality, and m a r k ing d e fe cts su ch as d rop p ed stitch e s, bad s e a m s, e tc. M ay m ake m in o r r e p a ir s . In m any shops m an u factu rin g in exp en sive garm en ts th ere w ill be no in sp e c to r s fa llin g within this c la s s ific a tio n ; and in th ose sh op s, w hatever in sp e ctio n is c a r r ie d on is u su ally p e r fo r m e d by thread t r im m e r s , who m a y on ly ca su a lly in sp ect garm en ts and a r e , th e r e fo r e , e x clu d e d . P A C K E R , SHIPPING P r e p a r e s fin ish ed p ro d u cts fo r shipm ent o r sto ra g e by p la cin g them in shipping c o n ta in e rs, the s p e c ific op era tion s p e r fo r m e d being dependent upon the type, s iz e , and num ber o f units to be p ack ed , the type o f con ta in er em p loyed , and m ethod o f shipm ent. W ork r e q u ires the p la cin g o f item s in shipping con ta in ers and m a y in volve one o r m o r e o f the f o l low in g: K now ledge o f v a rio u s item s o f s to ck in o r d e r to v e r ify content; s e le c tio n o f a p p r o p ria te type and s iz e o f con ta in er; in se rtin g e n c lo s u r e s in con ta in er; using e x c e ls io r o r oth er m a te ria l to p rev en t brea k a ge o r d am age; clo sin g and sea lin g con ta in er; and applying la b els o r en terin g iden tifyin g data on con ta in er. P a c k e r s who a lso m ake w ooden b ox es o r cra te s a re ex clu d ed . PRESSER P e r fo r m s p r e s s in g op era tion s (fin ish o r under) on garm en ts o r garm en t p a rts b y m eans o f a h and p ressin g ir o n a n d /o r p o w e re d p r e s s o r m an gle. F o r wage study p u r p o s e s , p r e s s e r s as fo llo w s : a re c la s s ifie d by type o f p r e s s in g equipm ent, P r e s s e r , hand P r e s s e r , m ach in e P r e s s e r , hand and m ach in e 27 28 PRESSER— Continued W ork ers a re c la s s ifie d as " p r e s s e r s , hand and m a ch in e " when siz a b le p ro p o rtio n s o f th eir w ork a re p e r fo r m e d b y each o f the two m eth od s. O th erw ise, the predom inant type o f p re s s in g is the d eterm in in g fa c to r in c la s s ific a tio n . SEWER, HAND (FINISHER) (B ench w ork er) P e r fo r m s sew ing op era tion s b y hand including sew ing on buttons, m aking button h o le s, stitch in g ed g es, clo s in g openings that have been le ft by v a rio u s hand and m ach in e op era tion s. W ork ers who s p e c ia liz e in sew ing tick ets o r la b els a re exclu d ed . SEWING MACHINE O P E R A T O R , SECTION SYSTEM U ses a standard o r s p e c ia l p u rp ose sew ing m ach in e to p e r fo r m the sew ing o p e r a tions req u ire d in m aking parts o f ga rm en ts, join in g p arts m ade by o th e rs, join in g v a riou s section s tog eth er, o r in attaching p r e v io u s ly com p leted p a rts to p a rtia lly com p leted g a r m en ts, but d oes not con stru ct the en tire ga rm en t. In shops that op era te e n tire ly on a s e c tion (o r bundle) system , this c la s s ific a tio n would include a ll sew ing m ach in e o p e r a to r s ( e x cept buttonhole m a k e rs, button s e w e r s , and lining s e w e r s ), without any d ifferen tia tion o f o p e ra to rs by type o f m achine o r o p era tion p e r fo r m e d . In shops that op era te p a rtly on a se ctio n sy ste m , this c la s s ific a tio n would include a ll o p e ra to rs who do not co n stru ct an e n tire garm ent. SEWING MACHINE O P E R A T O R , SINGLEHAND (TA ILO R ) SYSTEM P e r fo r m s a ll the standard sew ing m ach in e op era tion s in volved in the m an u factu re o f a com p lete garm en t. W ork in volves a sse m b lin g and join in g a ll p a rts o f the garm ent e x cept those added by fin is h e r s . Is u su ally an e x p e rie n ce d o p e ra to r w orking on b etter grade apparel in w hich the v a rie ty o f d esig n is so g rea t and sty le changes so frequ en t as to p r e vent the e c o n o m ic a l u se o f a s e ctio n sy ste m . W o rk e rs, em p loyed in singlehand sy ste m sh op s, who p a ir up and w ork as a team and divide w ork tick ets equ ally a re in cluded. This arran gem en t is in fo rm a l, in co n tra st to the se ctio n system , in w hich ra tes a re esta b lish ed fo r individual o p e ra tio n s. THREAD TRIM M ER (CLEAN ER) (C lip p er) T rim s lo o s e thread ends, basting threads and sea m edges o f garm ents with s c i s s o r s p r io r to p r e s s in g o r packin g. W o rk e rs, who a lso c a r e fu lly exam ine and in sp ect g a r m ents, are c la s s ifie d as in sp ectors,' final. IN D U S T R Y W AGE S T U D IE S The following reports cover part of the Bureau's program of industry wage surveys. These reports cover the period 1950 to date and may be obtained free upon request as long as a supply is available. However, those for which a price is shown are available only from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C ., or any of its regional sales offices. I. Occupational Wage Studies Manufacturing Apparel? Men's Dress Shirts and Nightwear, 1950 Series 2, No. 80 Men's and Boys' Dress Shirts and Nightwear, 1954 BLS Report 74 ♦Men's and Boys' Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, 1956 - BLS Report 116 Men's and Boys' Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1323 (40 cents) Men's and Boys' Suits and Coats, 1958 - BLS Report 140 Women's and Misses' Coats and Suits, 1957 - BLS Report 122 Women's and Misses' Dresses, 1960 - BLS Report 193 Work Clothing, 1953 - BLS Report 51 Work Clothing, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1321 (35 cents) ♦Work Shirts, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 115 ♦Work Shirts, 1957 - BLS Report 124 Chemicals and Petroleum: Fertilizer, 1949-50 - Series 2, No. 77 ♦Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 111 ♦Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1957 - BLS Report 132 Industrial Chemicals, 1951 - Series 2, No. 87 Industrial Chemicals, 1955 - BLS Report 103 Paints and Varnishes, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1318 (30 cents) Petroleum Production and Refining, 1951 - Series 2, No. 83 Petroleum Refining, 1959 - BLS Report 158 Synthetic Fibers, 1958 - BLS Report 143 Food: Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1960 BLS Report 195 ♦Canning and Freezing, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 117 ♦Canning and Freezing, 1957 - BLS Report 136 Distilled Liquors, 1952 - Series 2, No. 88 Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1961 BLS Bulletin 1337 (30 cents) Fluid Milk Industry, 1960 - BLS Report 174 ♦Raw Sugar, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 117 ♦Raw Sugar, 1957 - BLS Report 136 Leather: Footwear, 1953 - BLS Report 46 ♦Footwear, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 115 Footwear, 1957 - BLS Report 133 Footwear, 1962 - BLS Bulletin 1360 (45 cents) Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1954 - BLS Report 80 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1959 - BLS Report 150 Lumber and Furniture: Household Furniture, 1954 - BLS Report 76 Lumber in the South, 1949 and 1950 - Series 2, No. 76 Southern Lumber Industry, 1953 - BLS Report 45 ♦Southern Sawmills, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 113 ♦Southern Sawmills, 1957 - BLS Report 130 West Coast Sawmilling, 1952 - BLS Report 7 West Coast Sawmilling, 1959 - BLS Report 156 Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1959 BLS Report 152 ♦Wooden Containers, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 115 ♦Wooden Containers, 1957 - BLS Report 126 ♦ Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage, .Paper and Allied Products: Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard, 1952 - Series 2, No. 81 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1962 - BLS Bulletin 1341 (40 cents) Primary Metals, Fabricated Metal Products and Machinery: Basic Iron and Steel, 1951 - Series 2, No. 91 Basic Iron and Steel, 1962 - BLS Bulletin 1358 (30 cents) Fabricated Structural Steel, 1957 - BLS Report 123 Gray Iron Foundries, 1959 - BLS Report 151 Nonferrous,Foundries, 1951 - Series 2, No. 82 Nonferrous Foundries, 1960 - BLS Report 180 Machinery Industries, 1953-54 - BLS Bulletin 1160 (40 cents) Machinery Industries, 1954-55 - BLS Report 93 Machinery Manufacturing, 1955-56 - BLS Report 107 Machinery Manufacturing, 1957-58 - BLS Report 139 Machinery Manufacturing, 1958-59 - BLS Report 147 Machinery Manufacturing, 1959-60 - BLS Report 170 Machinery Manufacturing, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1309 (30 cents) Machinery Manufacturing, 1962 - BLS Bulletin 1352 (40 cents) Radio, Television, and Related Products, 1951 - Series 2, No. 84 Steel Foundries, 1951 - Series 2, No. 85 Rubber and Plastics Products: Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1960 - BLS Report 168 Stone, Clay, and Glass: Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1960 - BLS Report 177 Structural Clay Products, 1954 - BLS Report 77 Structural Clay Products, 1960 - BLS Report 172 Textiles: Cotton Textiles, 1954 - BLS Report 82 Cotton Textiles, 1960 - BLS Report 184 Cotton and Synthetic Textiles, 1952 - Series 2, No. 89 Hosiery, 1952 - BLS Report 34 Hosiery, 1962 - BLS Bulletin 1349 (45 cents) Miscellaneous Textiles, 1953 - BLS Report 56 ♦Processed Waste, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 115 ♦Processed Waste, 1957 - BLS Report 124 ♦Seamless Hosiery, 1955 and 1956 - BLS Report 112 ♦Seamless Hosiery, 1957 - BLS Report 129 Synthetic Textiles, 1954 - BLS Report 87 Synthetic Textiles, 1960 - BLS Report 192 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1956 - BLS Report 110 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1311 (35 cents) Woolen and Worsted Textiles, 1952 - Series 2, No. 90 Wool Textiles, 1957 - BLS Report 134 Tobacco: Cigar Manufacturing, 1955 - BLS Report 97 ♦Cigar Manufacturing, 1956 - BLS Report 117 Cigar Manufacturing, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1317 (30 cents) Cigarette Manufacturing, 1960 - BLS Report 167 ♦Tobacco Stemming and Redrying, 1955 and 1956 BLS Report 117 ♦Tobacco Stemming and Redrying, 1957 - BLS Report 136 Transportation: Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1950 - BLS Bulletin 1015 (20 cents) Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Parts, 1957 - BLS Report 128 Railroad Cars, 1952 - Series 2, No. 86 I. Occupational Wagu Studios—-Continued Nonmanufacturing Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1958 - BLS Report 141 Banking Industry, 1960 - BLS Report 179 Contract Cleaning Services, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1327 (25 cents) Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, 1960 BLS Report 181 Department and Women's Ready-to-Wear Stores, 1950 Series 2, No. 78 Eating and Drinking Places, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1329 (40 cents) Electric and Gas Utilities, 1950 - Series 2, No. 79 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1952 - BLS Report 12 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1957 - BLS Report 135 Hospitals, 1960 - BLS Bulletin 1294 (50 cents) Hotels, 1960 - BLS Report 173 Hotels and Motels, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1328 (30 cents) Life Insurance, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1324 (30 cents) Power Laundries and Cleaning Services, 1961 BLS Bulletin 1333 (45 cents) Power Laundries and Dry Cleaners, 1960 - BLS Report 178 II. Other Industry Wage Studies Communications Workers, Earnings in October 1956 - BLS Report 121 Communications Workers, Earnings in October 1957 - BLS Report 138 Communications Workers, Earnings in October 1958 - BLS Report 149 Communications Workers, Earnings in October 1959 - BLS Report 171 Communications, October 1960 - BLS Bulletin 1306 (20 cents) Communications, 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1343 (20 cents) Factory Workers' Earnings - Distributions by Straight-Time Hourly Earnings, 1954 - BLS Bulletin 1179 (25 cents) Factory Workers' Earnings - 5 Industry Groups, 1956 - BLS Report 118 Factory Workers' Earnings - Distribution by Straight-Time Hourly Earnings, 1958 - BLS Bulletin 1252 (40 cents) Factory Workers' Earnings - Selected Manufacturing Industries, 1959 - BLS Bulletin 1275 (35 cents) Wages in Nonmetropolitan Areas, South and North Central Regions, October 1960 - BLS Report 190 Retail Trade: Employee Earnings in Retail Building Materials, Hardware, and Farm Equipment Dealers, June 1961 BLS Bulletin 1338-1 (25 cents) Employee Earnings in Retail General Merchandise Stores, June 1961 - BLS Buuetin 1338-2 (40 cents) Employee Earnings in Retail Food Stores, June 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1338-3 (35 cents) Employee Earnings at Retail Automotive Dealers and in Gasoline Service Stations, June 1961 BLS Bulletin 1338-4 (40 cents) Employee Earnings in Retail Apparel and Accessory Stores, June 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1338-5 (40 cents) Employee Earnings in Retail Furniture, Home Furnishings, and Household Appliance Stores, June 1961 BLS Bulletin 1338-6 (40 cents) Employee Earnings in Miscellaneous Retail Stores, June 1961 - BLS Bulletin 1338-7 (35 cents) Employee Earnings in Retail Trade, June 1961 (Overall Summary of the Industry) BLS Bulletin 1338-8 (45 cents) Regional Offices U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 18 Oliver Street Boston 10, Mass. U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 341 Ninth Avenue New York 1, N .Y . U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 1371 Peachtree Street, NE. Atlanta 9, Ga. U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 1365 Ontario Street . Cleveland 14, Ohio U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 105 West Adams Street Chicago 3, 111. U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 630 Sansome Street San Francisco 11, Calif. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1963 O - 690057
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