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INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY SYNTHETIC FIBERS I FEBRUARY-APRIL 1966 B u lle tin N o. 1 5 4 0 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY SYNTHETIC FIBERS FEBRUARY-APRIL 1966 Bulletin No. 15 40 January 1967 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 30 cents Preface This bulletin sum m arizes the results of a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of wages and supplementary benefits in the synthetic fib ers manufacturing industries in F eb ru a ry— p r il 1966. A This study was conducted in the Bureau* s Division of Occupational Pay, To ivo P. Kanninen, Chief, under the general direction of L. R. Linsenm ayer, Assistant C om m issioner, Office of Wages and Industrial Relations. The analysis was prepared by Joseph C. Bush, under the i m mediate supervision of L. E a rl Lew is. F ie ld work fo r the survey was directed by the Assistant Regional D irectors fo r Wages and Industrial Relations. Other reports available fr o m the Bureau’ s p r o gram of industry wage studies, as w e ll as the addresses of the Bureau's six regional offices, are listed at the end of this bulletin. Hi Contents Page S u m m a r y __________________________________________________________________________________ Indu stry c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ________________________________________________________________ E m p l o y m e n t ___________________________________________________________________________ L o c a t io n and o w n e r s h i p _______________________________________________________ -_____ P r o d u c ts and p r o c e s s e s _____________________________________________________________ M e th od o f w a g e p a y m e n t ____________________________________________________________ L a b o r u n io n s __________________________________________________________________________ A v e r a g e h o u rly e a r n in g s ________________________________________________________________ O cc u p ation a l e a r n i n g s ___________________________________________________________________ E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p lem en ta ry w a g e p r o v i s i o n s ____________________ Scheduled w e e k l y h o u r s _____________________________________________________________ Shift d i f f e r e n t ia l p r a c t i c e s __________________________________________________________ P a id h olid a y s _________________________________________________________________________ P a id v a c a t i o n s ________________________________________________________________________ Health, in s u ra n ce , and pen sio n p la n s_____________________________________________ O ther s e le c t e d b e n e f it s ______________________________________________________________ 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 T a b le s : A v e r a g e h o u r ly ea rn in gs: 1. B y s e le c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ________________________________________________ 7 E a r n in g s d istrib u tion : 2. A l l e s ta b lis h m e n t s ___________________________________________________________ 3. C e llu lo s ic f i b e r s _____________________________________________________________ 4. N o n c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s __________________________________________________________ 8 9 10 O cc u p ation a l ea rn in gs: 5. C e llu lo s ic f i b e r s — U nited S ta tes___________________________________________ 6. C e llu lo s ic f i b e r s — South____________________________________________________ 7. N o n c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s __________________________________________________________ 11 12 13 E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w a g e p r o v is io n s : 8. Scheduled w e e k l y h o u r s _____________________________________________________ 9. Shift d i f f e r e n t ia l p r a c t i c e s — a ll e s ta b lis h m e n t s _________________________ 10. Shift d i f f e r e n t ia l p r a c t i c e s — c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s ____________________________ 11. Shift d i f f e r e n t ia l p r a c t i c e s — non cellu lo sic f i b e r s ------------------------------12. P a id h o lid a y s ___________________________________________________ 13. P a id v a c a t i o n s ________________________________________________________________ 14. H ealth, in s u ra n ce , and pension pla n s----------------------------------------------- 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 A p p e n d ix es : A . Scope and m eth od o f s u r v e y ___________________________________________________ B. O cc u p ation a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ______________________________________________________ 23 27 v Industry W a g e Survey Synthetic Fibers, February— A pril 1966 Sum m ary S t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly ea rn in g s o f p rod u ctio n and r e la t e d w o r k e r s in plants m an u fac tu rin g synthetic f i b e r s a v e r a g e d $ 2 .4 5 in F e b r u a r y — p r i l 1966, a c c o r d in g A to a s u r v e y conducted by the B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s . 1 V i r t u a l l y a ll o f the 62,407 w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by the s u r v e y had h o u rly e a r n in g s b e tw e e n $ 1 . 5 0 and $ 3 .5 0 , w ith e a rn in g s o f the m id d le h a lf r an gin g f r o m $ 2 . 1 4 to $ 2 .6 9 . Men, accounting f o r se ve n -te n th s o f the w o r k e r s , a v e r a g e d $ 2 .5 3 an hour, c o m p a r e d w ith $ 2 .2 7 f o r w om en . The e m p lo y m e n t o f w o m e n was l a r g e l y co n fin e d to the fin ish in g , in s p ec tio n , and te s t in g jo b s . N e a r l y t h r e e - f i f t h s of th es e w o r k e r s w e r e in plants p rod u c in g n on cellu lo s ic f i b e r s ; they a v e r a g e d $ 2 .5 8 an hour, c o m p a r e d w ith $ 2 .2 7 f o r the w o r k e r s in plants p rod u cing c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s . A m o n g the occu pations studied s e p a r a t e ly , h ig h e st a v e r a g e s in both typ es o f plants w e r e r e c o r d e d f o r s k ille d m ain ten an ce jo b s . The nationwide a v e r a g e s f o r these jo b s ra n g e d b e tw e e n $ 2 . 6 4 and $ 2 .7 6 an hour in c e l l u l o s i c plants, and they w e r e w e l l a bove $ 3 an hour in n o n c e llu lo s ic plants. P a id h olid ay s and v a c a t io n s w e r e p r o v id e d by a ll e s ta b lis h m e n t s . F o r m a l p r o v is io n s f o r v a r io u s typ es o f health, in s u ra n ce , and pension plans a ls o w e r e a v a ila b le to a v e r y l a r g e m a j o r i t y o f the p rod u c tio n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s . In du stry C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s The s u r v e y c o v e r e d e s ta b lis h m e n ts en ga g ed in the p ro d u c tio n o f the two p r in c ip a l typ es o f m an m ade f i b e r s suitable f o r fu r th e r m an u fac tu rin g on t e x t ile p r o c e s s in g equipm ent; c e l l u l o s i c f i b e r s (r a y o n and a c e ta te ) and oth er synthetic o r g a n ic fibers., e x c e p t g la s s (e. g. , nylon, a c r y l i c s , and p o l y e s t e r s ) . A lth o u gh t h e r e w e r e a f e w ex cep tio n s, the l a r g e m a j o r i t y o f the 42 e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ithin the scope o f the s u r v e y li m i t e d t h e ir prod u ctio n to one o f th es e two m a j o r typ es of fib ers. E m p lo y m e n t . E s ta b lis h m e n ts en ga ged p r i m a r i l y in the p ro d u c tio n o f n o n c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s e m p lo y e d 35, 695 prod u ctio n and r e l a t e d w o r k e r s at the t im e o f the s u r v e y , c o m p a r e d w ith 26,712 w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in plants prod u cing c e ll u l o s i c f i b e r s . Th is r e p r e s e n t s a shift in the r e l a t i v e e m p lo y m e n t s o f the two b ra n ch es o f the in d u s tr y since O c t o b e r 1958, the date o f the B u r e a u 's p r e v io u s s u r v e y , when c e l l u l o s i c f i b e r plants accounted f o r s e v e n -te n t h s o f the 46,471 w o r k e r s then e m p l o y e d . 2 Since the e a r l i e r s u r v e y , p r o d u c t io n - w o r k e r e m p l o y m ent in n o n c e llu lo s ic f i b e r plants had i n c r e a s e d 157 p e r c e n t, w h ile t h e r e w as a d e c lin e o f 18 p e r c e n t in the c e l l u l o s i c f i b e r s branch . D u rin g this p e r io d , the num ber o f n o n c e llu lo s ic f i b e r plants in c r e a s e d f r o m 10 to 24, w h e r e a s the nu m ber o f c e ll u l o s i c f i b e r plants d e c lin e d f r o m 25 to 18. Th e national p ro d u c tio n o f n o n c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s i n c r e a s e d f r o m 491 m i l l i o n pounds in 1958 to 1,777 m i l l i o n pounds in 1965, w h ile that o f c e l l u l o s i c f i b e r s i n c r e a s e d f r o m 1, 014 to 1, 527 m i l l i o n p o u n d s .3 See appendix A for scope and method of survey. Wage data in this bulletin exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 For results of the earlier survey, see Wage Structure: Synthetic Fibers (October 1958, BLS Report 143). 3 Source: Textile Organon, November 1959 and August 1966 Textile Economics Bureau, Inc. 2 M en accounted f o r t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f the prod u ctio n w o r k e r s in the c e l l u l o s i c f i b e r s b ra n ch and f o r s lig h t ly m o r e than t w o - t h ir d s o f those in the nonc e l l u l o s i c f i b e r s branch . E m p lo y m e n t o f w o m e n in both bra n ch es w as l a r g e l y co n fin e d to the fin is h in g d e p a rtm en ts and to in s p e c tio n and te s t in g jo b s . L o c a t io n and O w n e r s h ip . A l l n o n e e llu lo s ic * f i b e r s plants w e r e lo c a t e d in the S ou th,4 w h ich a lso accounted f o r s lig h t ly m o r e than t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f the p r o d u c t io n - w o r k e r e m p lo y m e n t in c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s plants. South C a r o lin a , T e n n e s s e e , and V i r g i n i a accounted f o r a l a r g e part o f the n o n c e llu lo s ic e m p l o y m ent. C e l l u l o s i c f i b e r s plants, how ever, w ere m o r e w i d e l y lo c a t e d , in M a s s a c h u s e tts , N e w Y o r k , P e n n s y lv a n ia , Ohio, and in eig h t sou thern States. E s ta b lis h m e n ts c o m p r i s e d o f t h r e e c o m p a n ies accounted f o r a p p r o x im a t e ly t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f the prod u ctio n w o r k e r s in the c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s branch , w h ile those o f one co m p a n y accounted f o r s lig h t ly m o r e than o n e - h a lf o f the e m p lo y m e n t in the n o n c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s branch. P r o d u c ts and P r o c e s s e s . A p p r o x i m a t e l y s e ve n -te n th s o f the p rod u ctio n w o r k e r s in both b ra n ch es o f the in d u s try w e r e in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in the m an u factu re o f m u lt ifila m e n t yarn; m o s t o f the r e m a in in g w o r k e r s w e r e in plants p r i m a r i l y prod ucing sta ple. N e a r l y t w o - t h ir d s o f the w o r k e r s in the n o n c e llu lo s ic b r a n c h w e r e in plants prod ucing nylon f i b e r s , w h ile a p p r o x i m a t e ly the sa m e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s in the c e l l u l o s i c b r a n c h w e r e in plants m an u factu rin g rayon . P r o d u c t io n m eth od s o r p r o c e s s e s o f the v a r io u s m an m a de f i b e r s have m uch in co m m o n . D e s c r i b e d b r o a d ly , th r e e b a s ic p r o c e s s e s a r e in v o lv e d : (1) The c h e m ic a l p r e p a r a t io n o f the spinning solution; (2) the t r a n s f o r m a t io n o f the spinning solution into s o lid if ie d fila m e n t s ; and (3) the fin is h in g o r t e x t ile o p e r a tio n s w h ich p la c e the product in the f o r m in w hich it is sold. In actual p r a c t ic e , h o w e v e r , the m e c h a n ic s o f th ese op e r a tio n s m a y be quite d if fe r e n t , accounting in l a r g e p a rt f o r v a r ia t io n s in the occu pa tion al and w age str u c tu r e s o f the in d ivid u a l e s ta b lis h m e n t s . T h e s e d if f e r e n c e s a r e d e s c r i b e d b r i e f l y in the f o llo w in g p a r a g r a p h s . P r o c e s s e s in the p r e p a r a t io n o f the spinning solution v a r y a c c o r d in g to the type o f f i b e r s prod u ced . R a y on and a ceta te both owe t h e ir o r i g i n to c e l l u l o s e — a fib r o u s substance u su a lly d e r i v e d f r o m w ood pulp o r cotton l i n t e r s . The n o n c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s , on the o th er hand, use c h e m ic a l compounds as the r a w m a t e r i a l . A c c o r d i n g l y , the p r e p a r a t io n o f the spinning solution f o r the n o n cellu l o s i c s is a c c o m p lis h e d l a r g e l y th rough m e c h a n ic a l m ea n s, w h e r e a s a g r e a t e r amount o f manual handling is r e q u ir e d f o r the c e llu lo s ic s . The c h e m ic a l d e p a r tm e n t o f a n o n c e llu lo s ic f i b e r m a n u fa c tu r e r r e q u ir e s a v a s t amount o f e q u ip m ent, but c o m p a r a t i v e l y fe w e m p lo y e e s . C o n v e r s io n o f the spinning solution into so lid fila m e n t s is a c c o m p lis h e d by one o f two m e a n s . Under the w e t - p r o c e s s method, the spinning solution is f o r c e d through the tin y h oles o f the sp in n e re t into an a cid bath w h ich c o a g u la tes the fin e s t r e a m s o f solution. The d r y - p r o c e s s m ethod u ses w a r m a i r in s te ad o f a c id to s o l i d i f y the f ila m e n t s . When the w e t - p r o c e s s m eth od is used, the fila m e n t s m ust be w as h ed f r e e f r o m the a cid and then d r ie d ; the d r y - p r o c e s s m eth od m a k e s th ese steps u n n e c e s s a r y . R a yon ( v i s c o s e ) u ses the w e t - p r o c e s s m ethod, w h e r e a s a ceta te and m o s t n o n c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s use the d r y p r o c e s s . 4 For the definition of South as used in the survey, see footnote 3 to the table in appendix A . 3 The fin is h in g ( t e x t i l e ) o p e r a tio n s depend upon the f o r m in w hich the p rod uct is to be sold. Continuous f ila m e n t y a r n is t w is te d and wound on bobbins f o r shipm ent. T o w , on the oth e r hand, is a r o p e lik e stran d o f u n tw isted fila m e n t s w h ich is pa ck ag e d in bulk and does not r e q u i r e w inding. Staple (tow cut to s p e c i f i e d len g th s ) is handled in m uch the sa m e m a n n er as tow, w ith the e x c e p tio n o f the added o p e r a t io n s o f c r i m p i n g and cutting. M eth od o f W a ge P a y m e n t . N e a r l y a ll o f the w o r k e r s in n o n c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s plants and s e v e n - e ig h t h s o f those in plants p r i m a r i l y p rod u c in g c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s w e r e paid on a t i m e - r a t e b a s is . F o r m a l s y s te m s p r o v id in g s in g le r a t e s f o r in d ivid u a l occu pa tion s w e r e m o s t c o m m o n in n o n c e llu lo s ic plants, w h e r e a s r a t e - r a n g e plans w e r e c o m m o n in c e l l u l o s i c plants. In c e n tiv e w a g e s y s t e m s , r e p o r t e d b y 12 c e l l u l o s i c plants and 3 n o n c e llu lo s ic plants, u su a lly c o v e r e d w o r k e r s in the fin is h in g d e p a r tm e n ts . L a b o r U n io n s . A t the t im e o f the s u r v e y , a ll o f the c e l l u l o s i c plants had c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g a g r e e m e n t s , c o v e r i n g a m a j o r i t y o f t h e ir prod u c tio n w orkers. About 55 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s in n o n c e llu lo s ic plants w e r e c o v e r e d by such a g r e e m e n t s . The m a j o r unions in the c e l l u l o s i c f i b e r s b r a n c h o f the in d u s tr y w e r e the T e x t i l e W o r k e r s Union o f A m e r i c a and the U nited T e x t i l e W o r k e r s o f A m e r i c a . Single f i r m independent unions w e r e found in s e v e r a l o f the l a r g e r n o n c e llu lo s ic plants. A v e r a g e H o u r ly E a r n in g s S t r a ig h t - t im e e a r n in g s o f the 62, 407 p rod u c tio n and r e la t e d w o r k e r s in plants m an u fa c tu rin g sy n th e tic f i b e r s a v e r a g e d $ 2 .4 5 an hour in F e b r u a r y — A p r i l 1966. 5 W o r k e r s in the n o n c e llu lo s ic b ra nch a v e r a g e d $ 2 .5 8 an hour, c o m p a r e d w i t h $ 2 .2 7 f o r w o r k e r s i n plants p r i m a r i l y prod u cin g c e l l u l o s i c fib ers. A v e r a g e ea r n in g s o f w o r k e r s in both bra n ch es had i n c r e a s e d s lig h t ly m o r e than 20 p e r c e n t sin ce O c t o b e r 1958, the date o f the e a r l i e r s u r v e y . S lig h tly m o r e than t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f the w o r k e r s in the c e l l u l o s i c b ra n ch w e r e in the South. The a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r th es e w o r k e r s ( $ 2 . 2 6 ) was o n ly 1 cent b e lo w the national a v e r a g e f o r c e l l u l o s i c e s ta b lis h m e n t s . A l l o f the n o n c e llu lo s ic plants w e r e in the South. M en, as a group, a v e r a g e d 33 cents an hour m o r e than w o m e n in the n o n c e llu lo s ic bra n ch , and 21 cents m o r e in c e ll u l o s i c f i b e r s plants. D ifferen c es in a v e r a g e pa y l e v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n m a y be the r e s u lt o f s e v e r a l f a c t o r s , including v a r ia t io n s in the d is tr ib u t io n o f the s e x e s am ong e s ta b lis h m e n ts and am ong jo b s w ith d iv e r g e n t pay l e v e l s . A s in d ic a te d p r e v io u s ly , the e m p lo y m e n t o f w o m e n in both b r a n c h e s w as l a r g e l y confined to the fin is h in g d e p a r tm e n ts and to in s p e c tio n and te s t in g jo b s . ® The straight-time average hourly earnings (excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts) presented in this bulletin are not comparable with gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau's monthly hours and earnings series ($2.68 in February 1966). In this bulletin, average earnings were calculated by summing individual hourly earnings and dividing by the number of individuals; in the monthly series, the sum of man-hour totals reported by the establishments in the industry was divided into the reported payroll totals. The number of production and related woricers within scope of the survey differs from the number published in the monthly series (72.6 thousand in February 1966) primarily because of differences in the industrial classification of certain large units. 4 V i r t u a l l y a ll o f the w o r k e r s had h o u r ly ea rn in g s b e tw e e n $ 1. 50 and $3. 50 (ta b le 2), w ith e a r n in g s o f the m id d le h a lf ran gin g f r o m $ 2 . 1 4 to $ 2 .6 9 . In d i v id u a l ea r n in g s w e r e so m e w h at m o r e c o n c e n tr a te d in the c e l l u l o s i c b r a n c h than in the n o n c e llu lo s ic b r a n c h ( s e e ta b les 3 and 4). N e a r l y t w o - t h ir d s o f the c e l lu lo s ic w o r k e r s e a r n e d b e tw e e n $2 and $ 2 .5 0 an hour. On the o th er hand, the l a r g e s t c o n c e n tr a tio n o f n o n c e llu lo s ic w o r k e r s in any 50 -cen t w ag e i n t e r v a l was s lig h t ly m o r e than t w o - f ift h s f o r those ea rn in g b e tw e e n $ 2 .2 0 and $ 2 .7 0 an hour. C on trib u tin g to the d i s p e r s io n o f in d ivid u a l ea rn in g s w e r e such f a c t o r s as d i f f e r e n c e s in e s ta b lis h m e n t pay l e v e l s and the w id e r a n g e o f s k ill r e q u ir e m e n t s . O ccup ational E a r n in g s O ccu p ation a l c la s s if ic a t io n s f o r w hich ea rn in g s data a r e p r e s e n te d in ta b le s 5 and 7 accounted f o r a p p r o x im a t e ly s e ve n -te n th s o f the p ro d u c tio n and r e l a t e d w o r k e r s in both in d u s tr y b r a n c h e s . A v e r a g e h o u r ly ea rn in g s o f the s e v e n s k ille d m ain ten an ce jo b s w e r e c l o s e l y grou p ed and w e r e the h ig h e st paid am ong the job s studied s e p a r a t e ly in ea c h branch, ra n g in g b e tw e e n $ 3 .1 8 and $ 3 .3 7 an hour in n o n c e llu lo s ic plants and b e tw ee n $ 2 . 6 4 and $ 2 .7 6 in c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s plants. J a n ito rs , a v e r a g in g $ 1 . 9 6 an hour, w e r e the l o w e s t paid w o r k e r s in c e ll u l o s i c f i b e r s plants, w h ile m a t e r i a l handling l a b o r e r s ( $ 2 . 0 4 ) w e r e the lo w e s t paid in n o n c e llu lo s ic plants. A v e r a g e h o u r ly ea rn in g s of w o r k e r s in the sa m e occu pation al c l a s s i f i c a tio n w e r e n e a r l y a lw a y s h ig h e r in the n o n c e llu lo s ic b r a n c h than in the c e l l u l o s i c b r a n c h o f the in d u s try . T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s r a n ge d f r o m only a f e w cents an hour, as in the c a s e o f f o r k l i f t tr u c k o p e r a t o r s , to m o r e than 47 cents an hour f o r each o f the s k ille d m ain ten an ce jo b s . T h is d i f f e r e n c e in oc cu p a tion al w a g e r e la tio n s h ip s is illu s t r a t e d in the fo llo w in g tabulation w hich e x p r e s s e s a v e r a g e s f o r a f e w s e le c t e d jo b s as a p e r c e n t o f the a v e r a g e s f o r m e n j a n i t o r s , w hich w e r e $ 2 .0 8 in n o n c e llu lo s ic plants and $ 1 .9 6 in c e ll u l o s i c plants. Plants primarily manufacturing— Occupation Janitors (m en)---------------------------Physical test operators (w om en)---------------------------------Warper operators (w o m e n )--------Laboratory assistants (m en)--------Spinners, dry process (m e n )------Chemical operators (m e n )--------Electricians (m e n )--------------------- Noncellulosic fibers Cellulosic fibers 100 100 113 115 129 132 140 160 103 117 112 123 118 137 Thus, e l e c t r i c i a n s a v e r a g e d 37 p e r c e n t m o r e than ja n it o r s in the c e ll u l o s i c f i b e r s branch , but 60 p e r c e n t m o r e in the n o n c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s branch. E a r n in g s o f in d ivid u a l w o r k e r s v a r i e d g r e a t l y w ith in the sa m e jo b in both b r a n c h e s o f the in d u s try . In m a n y in s ta n c e s , h o u rly e a r n in g s o f the h igh est paid w o r k e r s e x c e e d e d those o f the lo w e s t paid in the sa m e jo b by $ 1 o r m o r e . Thus, so m e w o r k e r s in a c o m p a r a t i v e l y lo w - p a id jo b (as m e a s u r e d by the a v e r a g e f o r a ll w o r k e r s ) e a r n e d m o r e than s o m e w o r k e r s in job s f o r w h ich h ig h e r a v e r a g e s w ere recorded. F o r e x a m p le , the fo llo w in g tabulation in d ic a te s a c o n s id e r a b le o v e r l a p o f in d ivid u a l r a t e s f o r m e n m a t e r i a l handling l a b o r e r s and c h e m ic a l o p e r a t o r s in both in d u s tr y b r a n c h e s . 5 Cellulosic fibers _____ plants_________________ Laborers, material handling Average hourly earnings Under $ 1. 70 $1. 80 $1. 90 $2.00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2. 50 $2. 60 Chemical operators Noncellulosic fibers ________________ plants________ Laborers, material handling - 1 1 2 1 2 12 139 90 49 17 1,506 646 $2.02 1,820 $2.92 69 44 2 138 30 350 _ $ 1 .7 0 -----------------------and under $ 1 .8 0 -------and under $ 1 .9 0 -------and under $ 2 .0 0 -------and under $2. 10-------and under $2. 20-------and under $2. 30-------and under $ 2 .4 0 -------and under $2. 50-------and under $ 2 .6 0 -------or m o re -------------------- 2 109 244 98 297 56 1 3 5 8 292 467 467 732 273 243 165 Total number of workers-----Average hourly earnings------ 810 $2.14 2,652 $2.31 - - Chemical operators - 11 2 - Th e e a rn in g s d is p e r s io n f o r in d ivid u a l jo b s r e f l e c t s , in l a r g e m e a s u r e , d if f e r e n c e s in e s ta b lis h m e n t pay l e v e l s . A s i llu s t r a t e d in the f o llo w in g tabulation f o r m e n c h e m ic a l o p e r a t o r s and w o m e n y a r n w in d e r s in the c e l l u l o s i c f i b e r s plants, t h e r e was a lm o s t as m uch v a r ia t io n in plant a v e r a g e s as t h e r e w as in in d ivid u a l e a rn in g s . Men chemical operators_______ _________Women yam winders Number of establish ments Average hourly earnings $1. 60 $1. 70 $1. 80 $1.90 $2. 00 $2. 10 $2. 20 $2. 30 $2. 40 $2. 50 $2. 60 $2. 70 $2. 80 $2. 90 $3. 00 and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and under $ 1 .7 0 ---------------------------- ___ under $ 1 .8 0 ---------------------------- - under $ 1 .9 0 ---------------------------- - under $2.00 --------------------------- - under $2.10----------------------------under $2. 20---------------------------under $2. 30---------------------------under $2. 40---------------------------under $2. 50---------------------------under $2. 60 ---------------------------under $2. 70---------------------------under $2. 80 ---------------------------- - under $2. 90 ---------------------------- - under $3. 0 0 ---------------------------- - over----------------------------------------- - - Number of workers1 Number of establish ments 1 _ 1 6 3 2 3 2 1 _ - 3 4 2 1 2 1 3 5 8 292 467 467 732 273 243 145 12 8 - - - - - Number of workers 1 48 534 108 216 360 143 255 51 50 101 68 31 47 14 10 There is no necessary relationship between the number of establishments within an earnings classification and the number of workers in an earnings interval. E s ta b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p lem en ta ry W age P r o v i s i o n s Data w e r e a ls o obtained on c e r t a in e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s . These in clu ded shift d i f f e r e n t ia ls f o r prod u c tio n w o r k e r s ; w o r k sched ules and su p p le m e n t a r y b e n e fits , such as paid h olid ay s and v a c a tio n s ; and v a r io u s health, in s u ra n ce , and r e t i r e m e n t pen sio n plans f o r p rod u c tio n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s . Scheduled W e e k ly H o u r s . W o r k schedules o f 40 hours a w e e k a p p lie d to m o r e than nine-ten th s o f the f u l l - t i m e d a y - s h if t w o r k e r s in both bra n ch es o f the in d u s try (ta b le 8). V i r t u a l l y a ll o f f i c e w o r k e r s w e r e scheduled to w o r k 40 hours a w eek . 6 Shift D i f f e r e n t i a l P r a c t i c e s . A l a r g e p r o p o r t io n o f the p rod u ctio n w o r k e r s a r e e m p lo y e d on shift w o r k be ca u s e o f the continuous nature o f synthetic f i b e r s m an u factu ring o p e r a t io n s . A p p r o x i m a t e l y t h r e e - f i f t h s of the w o r k e r s w e r e a s signed to ro ta tin g sh ifts, w h e r e b y in d ivid u a ls p e r i o d i c a l l y w o r k e d day, evenin g, and night sched ules. Shift d i f f e r e n t ia ls f o r th ese w o r k e r s v a r i e d c o n s id e r a b ly by e s ta b lish m en t and schedule of w o r k . W o r k e r s a s s ig n e d to the day schedule of r o tating shifts fr e q u e n t ly w e r e p r o v id e d a paid lunch p e r io d not g iv e n to w o r k e r s a s s ig n e d to the fix e d day shift. When a s s ig n e d to e v en in g and night sched ules, w o r k e r s on r o ta tin g shifts u s u a lly r e c e i v e d a c e n t s - p e r - h o u r o r p e r c e n ta g e d i f f e r e n t i a l a bove day r a t e s , as w e l l as a paid lunch p e r io d . L e s s than 5 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s in both bra n ch es w e r e a s s ig n e d to e it h e r o s c illa t in g shifts o r fix e d ev en in g and night schedules (ta b les 9—11). P a id H o l i d a y s . P a id h olid a y s w e r e p r o v id e d to p ro d u c tio n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s by a ll es ta b lis h m e n ts s u r v e y e d (tab le 12). The l a r g e m a j o r i t y o f both groups of w o r k e r s in the c e l l u l o s i c f i b e r s b ra n ch w e r e in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g 7 days a y e a r . In the n o n c e llu lo s ic branch, a p p r o x im a t e ly h a lf o f the w o r k e r s r e c e i v e d 9 days, w ith m o s t o f the r e m a i n d e r r e c e i v i n g 7 o r 8 days. P a id V a c a t io n s . P a id v a c a t io n s , a ft e r q u a lify in g p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , w e r e a ls o p r o v id e d to prod u c tio n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s by a ll e s ta b lis h m e n t s . V a c a tio n paym ents f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s n e a r ly a lw a y s w e r e d e t e r m in e d on the ba sis o f the e m p l o y e e 's r e g u la r s a l a r y f o r a s p e c if ie d len gth o f t im e . Th is m eth od o f p a y m ent a lso ap p lie d to a l a r g e m a j o r i t y o f the prod u c tio n w o r k e r s in n o n c e llu lo s ic plants; v a c a t io n paym ents f o r prod u c tio n w o r k e r s in c e ll u l o s i c plants, h o w e v e r , w e r e m o s t c o m m o n ly b a se d on a stipu lated p e r c e n t of the e m p l o y e e 's ea r n in g s (tab le 13). P r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in c e l l u l o s i c f i b e r s plants u su a lly r e c e i v e d 1 w e e k o f v a c a t io n pay a ft e r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e , 2 w eek s a ft e r 3 y e a r s , 3 w eek s a ft e r 12 y e a r s , and 4 w eek s a ft e r 20 y e a r s o r m o r e o f s e r v i c e . V a c a t io n p r o v is io n s f o r p rod uction w o r k e r s w e r e so m ew h at m o r e l i b e r a l in n o n c e llu lo s ic plants. For e x a m p le , the m a j o r i t y o f these w o r k e r s w e r e in plants p r o v id in g 2 w eek s o f v a c a t io n pay a ft e r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e , 3 w eek s a ft e r 5 y e a r s , 4 w eek s a ft e r 10 y e a r s , and 5 w eek s a ft e r 20 y e a r s . In the c e l l u l o s i c f i b e r s branch , v a c a t io n p r o v is io n s w e r e m o r e l i b e r a l f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s than f o r p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s . In the n o n c e llu lo s ic f i b e r s branch, h o w e v e r , v a c a t io n p r o v is io n s w e r e g e n e r a l l y s i m i l a r f o r both group s o f w o r k e r s . Health, In su ran ce, and P e n s io n P l a n s . L i f e , h o s p ita liz a tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l in s u ra n ce , fin an c ed at le a s t in pa rt by e m p l o y e r s , w e r e r e p o r t e d by e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g o v e r nine-ten th s of the prod u c tio n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s (tab le 14). Sickness and a ccid en t in s u ra n ce a ls o w as a v a ila b le to the l a r g e m a j o r i t y o f the p rod u c tio n w o r k e r s . A lth o u gh only about o n e - h a lf o f the o f f i c e w o r k e r s w e r e p r o v id e d sic k n e ss and a ccid en t in s u ra n ce , n e a r ly nine-tenths w e r e in es ta b lis h m e n ts g ra n tin g paid s ic k l e a v e (fu ll pay and no w a itin g p e r io d ), w h e r e a s the la t t e r b e n e fit a p p lie d to only t h r e e -t e n th s of the p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s . M ost c o m m o n ly , health and in s u ra n ce b e n e fit plans w e r e fin a n c ed e n t i r e l y by the e m p lo ye rs. In m o s t in s ta n ce s, h o s p it a liz a tio n , s u r g ic a l, and m e d i c a l b e n efits c o v e r e d both the e m p lo y e e s and t h e ir dependents. R e t i r e m e n t pension b e n e fits (o th e r than those a v a ila b le under s o c ia l s e c u r ity ) a p p lie d to v i r t u a l l y a ll plant and o f f i c e w o r k e r s . T h e s e plans w e r e e m p l o y e r - f i n a n c e d f o r a l a r g e p r o p o r t io n o f the w o r k e r s . O ther S e le c t e d B e n e f i t s . F o r m a l p r o v is io n s f o r pa y m en t to e m p lo y e e s p e r m a n e n tly s e p a r a t e d as a r e s u lt of f o r c e red u c tio n a r is in g out o f the in tro d u ctio n o f new equipm ent o r f r o m d e p a r tm e n t o r unit c lo s in g s w e r e r e p o r t e d by e s t a b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g 58 p e r c e n t o f the prod u c tio n w o r k e r s and 50 p e r c e n t of the office w o rk e rs . F i f t e e n p e r c e n t o f the p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s , e m p lo y e d on a fix e d day shift, and 2 p e r c e n t o f the o f f i c e w o r k e r s w e r e in e s ta b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g a f o r m a l paid lunch p e r io d (30 m in u te s ). Table 1. Average Hourly Earnings: By Selected Characteristics (N u m b er and a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h o u rly ea rn in gs 1 o f prod u ction w o r k e r s in syn th etic fib e r s m an u factu rin g esta b lish m en ts by s e le c te d c h a r a c te r is tic s , U nited States and South, F e b ru a ry — p r il 1966) A U nited States 2 South Item N um ber of w ork ers A verage h ou rly earn in gs Num ber of w ork ers A l l p rod u ction w o r k e r s -----------------------------------------------------M e n -----------------------------------------------------------------------------W o m e n _________________________________________________________ 62,407 43,996 18,411 $2. 45 2. 53 2. 27 56,368 39,673 16,695 $2. 47 2. 55 2. 28 G e llu lo s ic fib e r s esta b lish m en ts----------------------------------------M e n ------------------------------------------------------------------------------W o m e n _____________________________________ ____________________ 26,712 19,950 6,762 2. 27 2. 32 2. 11 20,673 15,627 5,046 2. 26 2. 32 2. 10 N o n c e llu lo s ic fib e r s estab lish m en ts 3 --------------------------------M e n _____________________________________________________________ W o m e n ............................................................................................. 35,695 24,046 11,649 2. 58 2. 69 2. 36 35,695 24,046 11,649 2. 58 2. 69 2. 36 1 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , 2 Includes data fo r reg io n s in addition to the South. 3 A l l n o n cellu lo sic fib e r s estab lish m en ts w e r e lo c a te d in the South. NOTE: A vera ge h ou rly ea rn in gs and late sh ifts. Dashes in dicate that data do not m e e t p u b lication c r it e r ia . ■vl Table 2. Earnings Distribution: 00 All Establishments (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n o f p rodu ction w o rk e rs in syn th etic fib e r s m an u factu rin g esta b lish m en ts b y a v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e h ou rly e a r n in g s ,1 U nited States and South, F e b r u a r y — p r il 1966) A South U nited States 2 A v e r a g e h o u rly earn in gs 1 ----------------------------------■ ---U n der $ 1. 50---- ------— 1 .6 0 ----------------------------------1 .7 0 ----------------------------------1 .8 0 ----------------------------------1 .9 0 ----------------------------------2. 00------ ---------„------------------ A ll w o rk e rs W om en M en A ll w o rk e rs M en W om en 0. 2 0. 2 0. 1 0. 2 0. 3 0. 1 .5 1. 1 2. 1 4 .4 4. 1 .4 .2 .8 2. 1 3 .9 .6 3. 2 5. 2 10. 0 4 .4 .5 1.0 2. 2 4. 0 3.7 .4 .2 .8 2. 3 3. 7 .6 3. 1 5. 5 7 .9 3.7 7 5 8 6 0 8. 8 10.4 7.7 13. 3 6. 7 6. 9 11.0 8. 6 12. 0 7. 9 13. 3 9. 0 5. 7 16.4 3. 6 $ 1. 50 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1.70 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.90 and and and and and u nder under u nder under under $ $ $ $ $ $ 2. 00 $ 2 ,1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2. $ 2, $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. 10----------------------------------20----------------------------------30----------------------------------40---------------------------------— 50----------------------------------- 8. 7 10. 1 8. 5 13. 6 7 .4 $ 2. 50 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2. 90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2. $ 2. $ 2, $ 2. $ 3. 60___________________________ 70— , -----------------------------80----------------------------------90___________________________ 00___________________________ 2. 1 12.9 2. 7 4. 9 6. 7 2. 6 8 .4 3 .4 6 .6 8.4 1. 1 23. 9 .9 .8 2. 5 1.8 13. 8 2. 8 4. 7 7. 3 2. 5 8. 7 3. 7 6 .4 9. 3 $ 3. 00 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3. 30 $ 3 .4 0 and and and and and u nder under u nder under u nder $ 3. 10__ -----------------------------$ 3. 20----- ----------------------------$ 3. 30—. ------------------------------$ 3 .4 0 —— .................. .................. $ 3 . 50----------------------------------- . 2. 2. . 3. 5 5 0 5 5 .7 3 .4 2. 9 .6 5. 0 . 1 .4 ( 3) . 1 . 1 .5 2.7 2. 3 .5 3 .9 .7 3.7 3. 2 .7 5. 5 ( 3) .4 ( 3) . 1 $ 3. 50 and o v e r ------------------------------ --------------- 1.0 1.4 (3) 1. 1 1. 5 ( 3) T o t a l-------------------------- --------------------------- 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 39,673 $ 2 . 55 16,695 $ 2 . 28 N u m b er o f w o r k e r s --------------------- —..................... A v e r a g e h o u rly ea rn in g s 1------ ------------------------ 62,407 $ 2 .4 5 7. 10. 9. 12. 8. 0 8 6 7 9 43,996 $ 2 . 53 12. 8. 5. 15. 4. 100. 0 18,411 $ 2. 27 1 Excludes prem ium pay for overtim e and fo r work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. z Includes data for regions in addition to the South. 3 L e s s than 0, 05 percent. NOTE: B e c a u s e o f rounding, sums o f in d ivid u al item s m ay not equ al 100. 56,368 $ 2 .4 7 . 26. . . 2. 3 0 8 7 7 ( 3) Table 3- Earnings Distribution: Cellulosic Fibers (P e r c e n t d istrib u tio n of produ ction w o r k e r s in c e llu lo s ic fib e r s m an u factu rin g e sta b lish m en ts by a v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s, 1 U nited States and South, F e b r u a r y — p r il 1966) A U nited States 2 A v e r a g e h ou rly earn in gs 1 U n der $ 1.50_______ A ll w ork ers South M en A ll w o rk e rs W om en M en W om en ( 3) (3) 0.1 (3) ( 3) and and and and and unde r unde r under under under $ $ $ $ $ 1.60 __________________________ _ 1.7 0 ___ -________________________ 1.80_ _________________________ 1.9 0 _______ _______ _______ 2 .0 0 ._____ ____________________ 0.1 1.0 3.4 5.1 7.1 0.1 .3 .6 2.7 6.1 .2 3.1 11.5 12.1 10.3 0.1 .9 4.1 4.0 7.1 0.1 .2 .7 3.3 6.1 2.9 14.4 6.0 10.0 $ 2 .0 0 and $ 2 .1 0 and $ 2.20.-and $ 2.30 and $ 2.40 and under under under under under $ 2 .1 0 ____________________________ $ 2 .2 0 ____________ ________________ $ 2 .3 0 —__________________________ $ 2 .4 0 ____________________________ $ 2 .5 0 _________________________ _ 12.1 15.7 13.5 14.0 9.8 11.3 15.4 13.4 16.6 12.3 14.5 16.7 13.7 6.2 2.5 13.4 18.1 12.9 13.4 8.4 12.2 17.2 11.8 15.8 10.8 17.2 21.0 16.2 5.9 .8 $ $ $ $ $ $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1.70 $ 1.80 $ 1.90 ______________________________ _ 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 2 .6 0 —__________________________ 2 .7 0 ____________________________ 2 .8 0 __ _________________________ 2 .9 0 ________________________ 3 .0 0 ___ _____________________ — 4.1 4.2 3.5 3.6 1.2 4.5 4.7 4.3 4.5 1.5 2.7 2.8 1.0 .9 .3 3.8 4.0 4.1 2.8 1.3 4.9 4.5 5.3 3.5 1.7 .5 2.6 .5 .6 .2 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3,20 $ 3.30 $ 3.40 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 3 .1 0 __ ___________________ __ 3 .2 0 ____________________________ 3 .3 0 __ _____________________ — 3 .4 0 ____________________________ 3 .5 0 — _______________________ —— .1 .6 .7 (3) (3) (3) .5 1.0 - .2 .8 (3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) .6 .9 ( 3) ( 3) .5 1.2 _ (3) 1.1 _ $ 3 .5 0 and o v e r ____ _________________________ - (3) (3) - N u m b er of w o r k e r s - __________________ ____________ A v e r a g e h o u rly earn in gs 1 _______________________ .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 26,712 $ 2.27 19, 950 $ 2.32 6, 762 $ 2.11 20, 673 $ 2.26 15, 627 $ 2.32 5, 046 $ 2.10 1 E xclu d es p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w eeken ds, 2 In clu des data fo r re g io n s in addition to the South. 3 L e s s than 0.05 p ercen t. NOTE: B ecau se of rounding, h o lid a ys, and late sh ifts. sums o f in d ivid u al ite m s m ay not equ al 100. (0 Table 4. Earnings Distribution: Noncellulosic Fibers O (P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n of produ ction w o rk e rs in n o n c e llu lo s ic fib e r s m an u factu rin g e sta b lish m en ts by a v e ra g e s tr a ig h t-tim e h ou rly e a rn in g s , 1 U nited S ta te s , 2 F e b r u a r y '- A p r il 1966) A v e r a g e h ou rly earn in gs 1 2 A ll w o rk e rs M en W om en U nder $ 1 .5 0 .................................... ..................................................... 0.3 0.4 0.1 $ 1.50 $ 1.60 $ 1.70 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.90 and and and and and under under u nder under under $ $ $ $ $ 1.60_______________________________ _____ ___ 1.70___________________________________________ 1.80 _______ _____________________________ _ 1.90________________________________________ __ 2.00_______ _________________________ __ _ .7 1.1 1.1 3.9 i .8 .6 .2 .9 1.6 2.2 .9 3.2 1.6 8.7 1.0 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2.10 $ 2.20 $ 2.30 $ 2.40 and and and and and u nder under u nder under under $ 2 .1 0 _________________________________________ $ 2.20------------ ----------------------------------------$ 2.30------------- ------------------------------------$ 2.40_ ______________________ ______ _______ $ 2.50----- ------- -------------------------- ----------- 6.1 5.9 4.7 13.3 5.7 3.5 7.0 6.4 9.6 6.1 11.6 3.8 1.2 21.0 4.9 $ $ $ $ $ 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 and and and and and under u nder under under under $ $ $ $ $ 2.60_____________________ __________________ 2.70 --------------------------------------- ---2.80 --------------------------------- __ ------- _ 2.90— -------------------------------------------------3.00---------- ---------------------- __ ----------- .7 19.5 2.0 5.8 10.8 .9 11.4 2.6 8.3 14.2 .2 36.2 .9 .7 3.7 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3.30 $ 3.40 and and and and and unde r unde r under under under $ $ $ $ $ 3.1 0__________________________ ____________ 3.2 0________________________________________ __ 3.30 _________________________________ __ 3.40_____ ___________________________ - _ 3.5 0___________________________________________ .8 4.0 3.0 .8 6.2 1.2 5.8 4.5 1.1 9.1 ( 3) .1 ( 3) .1 .1 $ 3.50 and o v e r . ____ __ __________________________ ________ T o t a l____________________________________ - ________ __ N u m b er of w o r k e r s ____________________________________________ A v e r a g e h o u rly ea rn in g s 1_______________________________________ 1.6 2.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,695 $ 2.58 24,046 $ 2.69 11,649 $ 2.36 1 E x clu d es p re m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w o rk on w eek en d s, h olid a ys, 2 A ll n o n c e llu lo s ic fib e r s estab lish m en ts w e re lo c a te d in the South. 3 L e s s than 0.05 p ercen t. NOTE: B eca u se of rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not equal 100. and late sh ifts. Table 5. Occupational Earnings: Cellulosic Fibers— United States (N u m b er and a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in gs 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d occu pation s in c e llu lo s ic fib e r s m an u factu rin g esta b lish m en ts, U nited States, F e b ru a ry — p r il 1966) A A verage $1.50 $1.60 hourly of and Under w o r k e a rn $1.50 under ers ings 1 $1.60 $1.70 N u m b er o f N um - D ep a rtm en t, occu p ation , and sex 'o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly ea rn in gs o f— $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70' $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 o v e r and M ain ten an ce C a rp e n te rs (a ll m e n )-----------------E le c tr ic ia n s (a ll m e n )--------------H e lp e r s , tra d e s (a ll m e n ) --------In stru m en t re p a ir m e n (a ll m en ) . M ach in ists (a ll m e n )-----------------M e c h a n ic s , g e n e r a l (a ll m e n ) --M illw r ig h ts (a ll m e n )---------------P ip e fit t e r s (a ll m e n )------------------ 138 $2. 69 342 2. 69 2. 18 391 2. 66 159 204 2. 71 2. 64 41 1 714 2. 71 2. 76 406 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . ' P r o c e s s in g C h e m ic a l o p e r a to r s , c e llu lo s ic fib e r (a ll m e n )-----------------------C r e e l t e n d e r s ---------------------------M e n -------------------------------------W o m e n __________________________ J e tm e n ______________________________ M e n .................. ......................... W o m e n __________________________ S p in n ers, d ry p r o c e s s ____________ M e n ______________________________ S p in n ers, w et p r o c e s s (a ll m en). T h r o w e r s ( t w is t e r s )------------------W o m e n __________________________ T o w o p e r a to r s (a ll m e n )----------W a r p e r o p e r a t o r s ---------------------M e n -------------------------------------W o m e n __________________________ W a sh er o p e r a to r s (527 m en and 1 0 w o m e n )______________________ W in d e rs , y a r n --------------------------M e n -------------------------------------W o m e n __________________________ 2, 652 706 96 610 184 97 87 1,403 1,091 2, 431 1,406 1,115 266 744 73 671 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 31 10 05 11 15 26 02 40 41 26 09 12 34 32 56 30 537 2, 147 11 1 2, 036 2. 2. 2. 2. 17 08 01 09 174 149 25 264 32 232 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 25 20 50 04 19 02 75 508 464 44 874 810 115 381 2. 19 1. 96 1.96 1. 97 2. 14 2. 14 2. 30 2. 26 100 44 2. 13 2. 25 _ - ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 _ 6 _ _ _ _ _ ' 4 1 . _ 4 1 _ _ - - - - - . - - - - - - _ 43 - - 115 - - 1 5 - - 5 185 4 181 35 _ 292 66 55 11 19 14 5 8 105 20 85 2 - 2 35 . - - 1 59 58 - 19 66 1 11 19 25 97 41 467 150 13 137 66 21 45 9 9 833 370 301 21 174 10 164 467 66 732 54 273 28 - - - 66 23 23 54 19 19 - - - - - - 102 9 35 14 78 201 255 10 51 16 50 5 101 5 68 45 12 7 1 27 73 12 29 60 57 160 108 243 19 145 7 12 8 - - 28 12 12 19 7 8 8 - - - 1 - 5 152 - 37 100 - 40 66 14 21 11 4 - - 255 60 33 129 - - - 1 - - - - 6 14 _ 11 10 58 - - - - - - - - - 34 _ - 122 53 497 355 351 8 102 578 335 833 33 33 195 9 633 633 183 16 16 40 35 - - 8 8 4 1 3 3 2 1 2 - - - - - - - - 136 29 107 32 208 199 2 43 43 27 235 19 216 151 441 81 360 121 144 1 143 - - - - - _ 255 51 50 101 68 4 3 1 39 6 33 62 61 1 73 2 71 20 14 6 29 2 27 16 11 5 7 5 2 13 9 4 11 9 2 2 2 - 8 57 57 6 51 51 10 4 4 - - - 162 98 7 26 297 297 20 144 56 56 41 100 1 1 31 50 10 3 22 6 14 8 7 247 39 - - ' - . _ _ _ _ . _ _ 48 - _ - " 48 534 1 118 10 108 _ _ _ 5 5 16 16 _ _ - _ _ 23 23 11 11 10 1 9 15 14 1 61 7 54 - _ - 14 94 89 5 109 109 8 6 12 77 52 25 244 244 4 45 6 9 48 - - 2 - - 2 - 2 _ - - - - - - 89 34 55 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 1 - _ - - 4 - _ 61 61 48 48 48 - 534 22 19 8 10 30 99 30 - . - - _ 4 100 100 - 3 40 128 44 24 14 26 22 - ' _ 17 17 9 5 77 4 6 24 5 1 1 3 1 1 14 78 3 - - - - - 9 3 - 4 31 47 47 14 _ 1 1 - - _ 14 3 3 _ 31 1 “ 1 1 4 3 3 _ 4 2 2 6 5 1 3 1 1 _ 1 1 _ - - - 3 _ - _ 3 2 1 " “ " ' " " ■ " • • 7 5 5 9 1 1 - - - - - - _ _ _ - _ _ - - 3 3 - - - - - - - - 1 ' " “ - - - - 9 - 1 4 In s p e c tio n and te s tin g L a b o r a to r y a s s is t a n t s ___________ M e n _____________________________ W o m e n __________________________ P h y s ic a l te s t o p e r a t o r s -----------M e n _____________________________ W o m e n --------------------------------- - M is c e lla n e o u s G uards (a ll m e n ) ------------------------------J a n ito r s ___________________________________ M e n ____________________________________ W o m e n _________________________________ L a b o r e r s , m a te r ia l h a n d lin g __________ M e n ____________________________________ Stock c le r k s (a ll m e n ) __________________ T r u c k e r s , p ow er (fo r k lift ) (a ll m en ) .. T r u c k e r s , p ow er (o th e r than fo r k lift ) (a ll m e n )________________________________ W atchm en (a ll m e n )_____________________ E x clu d es p re m iu m NO TE: . _ - _ - - - - - - - - 7 213 199 14 2 2 2 10 _ _ _ _ _ - - 3 • 7 7 - _ - pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w eekends, D ashes in d ica te no data re p o rte d or data that do not h olid ays, and late sh ifts. :et pu b lication c r it e r ia . _ 2 7 Table 6. Occupational Earnings: Cellulosic Fibers---- South 1 0 (N u m b e r and a v e ra g e s tr a ig h t-tim e hourly earn in gs 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d occu pations in c e llu lo s ic fib e r s m anufacturing esta b lish m en ts, South, F e b r u a r y — p r il 1966) A Num D ep a rtm en t, occu p ation , and s ex of Aver age $1.50 h ou rly T T ^ t $1.50 under m gs 1 $1.60 N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs o f— $1.60 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3,001 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 and over M ain ten an ce C a rp e n te rs ( a l l m e n )------------------ --------— E le c tr ic ia n s (a ll m e n )------------- -------------H e lp e r s , tra d e s ( a l l m e n )---------------------In stru m en t re p a ir m e n ( a ll m e n )-----------M a ch in ists (a l l m e n )-----------------------------M ech a n ic s , g e n e r a l ( a ll m e n )---------------M illw r ig h ts ( a l l m e n ) ------------ ---------------P ip e fit t e r s ( a l l m en) -............ ..... ................. . 29 1 - . 79 5 - _ 3 45 12 3 9 2 77 3 2 24 5 1 1 30 87 44 21 10 23 12 22 19 7 9 16 98 30 15 48 1 7 19 1 97 11 1 1 152 1 27 73 12 29 60 57 160 108 23 53 34 40 118 82 14 21 11 4 60 33 - . - 6 14 11 10 58 34 . - _ - - - _ 6 - 17 17 6 6 4 98 98 496 496 5 128 4 124 35 35 1 11 10 44 44 1 41 10 31 4 49 20 29 2 2 237 29 116 29 87 27 176 19 157 260 56 55 1 16 11 5 32 199 190 2 10 10 109 420 81 339 369 123 13 110 57 12 45 9 9 697 359 290 8 168 10 158 121 132 1 131 377 38 38 15 15 492 10 10 17 17 177 3 3 12 12 243 1 1 - 136 8 8 12 - 8 2 1 1 2 2 - 1 1 - 1 1 - - - 1 1 122 53 179 313 309 8 100 100 127 244 244 578 335 509 245 24 5 183 - 61 61 48 195 35 35 40 16 25 25 5 22 22 60 60 5 47 47 - - - - 89 34 55 - - - - 21 21 29 29 6 6 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 - 3 3 5 5 10 10 16 16 8 1 7 15 14 1 58 7 51 3 3 39 6 33 28 28 73 2 71 20 14 6 29 2 27 14 9 5 7 5 2 10 6 4 11 9 2 1 1 - 2 2 4 2 2 6 5 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - 3 2 1 - 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 4 4 10 10 41 72 - - 6 30 30 228 228 8 134 - - 4 57 57 162 98 6 18 7 5 5 - - 12 75 52 23 194 194 4 42 1 - 14 40 35 5 76 76 6 6 1 . - 7 210 199 11 2 2 2 10 1 _ - - - - - 6 4 48 5 3 6 13 6 8 117 264 300 146 166 369 573 315 $ 2. 69 2.69 2. 19 2. 66 2. 71 2. 65 2. 68 2. 79 _ - . - 2, 083 415 96 319 162 75 87 1, 015 703 1,653 1,234 943 253 587 73 514 411 1, 706 111 1, 595 2. 31 2. 05 2. 05 2. 05 2. 15 2. 29 2. 02 2. 39 2.41 2. 26 2. 09 2. 12 2. 35 2. 32 2. 56 2. 28 2. 17 2. 05 2. 01 2. 06 - - - - 132 109 23 238 32 206 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 26 20 53 08 19 06 - - - - - 63 428 389 39 675 611 80 327 2. 15 1.95 1.95 1.98 2. 13 2. 13 2. 29 2. 26 . 7 7 - 78 36 2. 10 2. 33 9 - - - . - P r o c e s s in g C h e m ic a l o p e r a t o r s , c e llu lo s ic fib e r (a ll m e n )------------------------------------C r e e l t e n d e r s ---------------------------------------M e n --------------------------------------------------W o m e n ---------------------------------------------J e tm e n --------------------------------------------------M e n --------------------------------------------------W o m e n ---------------------------------------------S p in n ers, d r y p r o c e s s --------------------------M e n --------------------------------------------------S pin n ers, w e t p r o c e s s ( a ll m e n )-----------T h r o w e r s (t w is t e r s ) ------------------------------W o m e n ---------------------------------------------T o w o p e r a to r s (a l l m e n )-----------------------W a r p e r o p e r a t o r s ___________________________ M e n ------------------------------------- ------------W o m e n ---------------------------------------------W a s h e r o p e r a to r s (a l l m e n )------------------W in d e r s , y a r n --------------------------------------M e n --------------------------------------------------W o m e n ---------------------------------------------- - In s p e c tio n and te s tin g L a b o r a t o r y a s s is t a n t s --------------------------M e n --------------------------------------------------W o m e n ---------------------------------------------P h y s ic a l te s t o p e r a t o r s ................................ M e n --------------------------------------------------W o m e n ---------------------------------------------M is c e lla n e o u s G uards ( a ll m e n )-----------------------------------uatiiro r s M e n ------------ -------------------------------------W o m e n ---------------------------------------------L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l h a n d lin g ----------------M e n -------------------- ------------------------- ---Stock c le r k s (a ll m e n ) ----------------------------------T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (fo r k lift ) (a ll m e n ) ------T r u c k e r s , p o w e r (o th e r than fo r k lift ) (a l l m e n ) ---------------------------------------------------------w a icn m en ^c tn m en j -------------------------------------- - E xclu d es p re m iu m p ay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w eekends, h olid a ys, and late sh ifts. N O TE: D ash es in d icate data r e p o r te d o r data that do not m eet pu blication c r it e r ia . 12 45 1 - 7 7 1 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Table 7. Occupational Earnings: Noncellulosic Fibers (N u m b er and a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in gs 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c te d occu pation s in n o n c e llu lo s ic fib e r s m an u factu rin g e sta b lish m en ts, U nited S tates, 2 F e b r u a r y — p r il 1966) A Num D ep a rtm en t, occu pation , and sex of w o rk ci s Aver age $1.50 $1.60 hou rly TTnHe r * earn $1.50 under ings $1.60 $1.70 N u m ber o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs o f— $1.70 $1.80 $1.90 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $1.80 “ $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 - $1.90 $2.40 $2.40 '$2.50 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $^.50 and " " $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 o v e r M aintenanc e C a rp e n te rs (a ll m e n )-----------------------------— E le c t r ic ia n s (a ll m en ) -_____________________ H e lp e r s , tra d e s (a ll m e n )----------------------In stru m en t r e p a ir m e n (a ll m e n ) ------------M a ch in ists (a ll m e n )------------------------------M e c h a n ic s , g e n e r a l (a ll m e n )----------------M illw r ig h ts (a ll m e n )----------- ------------------P ip e fit t e r s (a ll m e n )------------------------------- 109 $3. 33 3. 32 629 2. 46 41 1 285 3. 37 246 3. 29 1,844 3. 24 368 3. 18 330 3. 34 . - _ - _ 3 - _ 1 - _ 1 - _ 4 4 _ 22 3 - ■ - - - 2 20 1 - 2 361 160 201 834 164 670 _ 3 20 114 2 - 55 2 2 27 2 2 _ 11 25 4 _ 2 97 3 24 2 - _ 4 1 19 1 - 28 _ 16 173 3 191 5 - _ 5 _ 2 40 _ 1 3 18 - - _ 2 - 49 2 18 97 2 2 - _ 5 27 2 106 _ 52 14 178 24 88 2 31 . 31 18 _ 117 36 63 278 11 14 19 21 12 28 44 _ 16 36 172 38 24 - 107 136 770 97 166 7 72 _ 64 _ 316 - P r o c e s s in g C h e m ic a l o p e r a to r s , n o n c e llu lo s ic fib e r (a ll m e n ) -------------------- ----------------- 1,820 C r e e l t e n d e r s ----------------------------------------- 1, 326 M Pn 757 Wnmpn 569 D ra w tw is t o p e r a t o r s ________________________ 5, 059 711 M e n ____________ ____________________________ W o m e n ----------------------------------------------- 4, 348 J e tm e n ---------------------------------------------------221 M e n ________________________________________ 197 S p in n ers, d ry p r o c e s s (a ll m e n )...---------- 4, 385 S p in n ers, w et p r o c e s s (a ll rp en )------------324 T o w o p e r a t o r s _______________________________ 990 M e n ---------------------------------------------------954 W a rp e r o p e r a t o r s ____________________________ 1, 373 Men ... 200 W o m e n _____________________________________ 1, 173 W in d e rs , y a r n _______________________________ 907 W o m e n ----------------------------------------------408 2. 92 2. 21 2. 20 2.21 2. 37 2. 33 2. 38 2. 59 2. 57 2.75 2. 38 2. 64 2. 67 2. 41 2. 44 2. 40 2. 20 2. 06 2 2 10 10 1 - 1 - 4 4 4 - 43 43 _ 2 - - - - 2 2 14 14 _ _ 10 16 5 1 4 - 10 6 4 12 12 28 8 8 7 7 _ - 2 2 20 360 74 286 1 1 - - 35 35 139 2 137 254 202 12 14 49 111 111 17 - 131 _ 138 _ 13 _ 240 _ 73 _ 597 _ 314 _ _ _ _ _ 382 82 300 2 2 291 33 35 35 64 _ _ 3 35 21 21 - _ _ 20 20 247 46 8 8 - _ _ _ 62 62 984 112 112 _ 28 18 1862 14 166 166 _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ 1919 124 1795 31 17 469 6 557 557 683 91 592 18 - _ _ _ 36 17 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 145 45 100 _ 359 121 238 50 48 2 16 12 4 _ _ 17 11 6 _ _ - 294 281 13 28 28 - - 14 139 486 386 100 _ 24 114 - 5 5 146 44 - . - _ - - 114 48 48 90 322 88 234 1324 92 1232 60 60 281 32 50 50 358 96 262 354 - - - 64 160 104 57 57 _ 31 1 1 - - " - 109 109 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - 11 9 2 _ _ 17 7 10 _ _ 15 7 8 _ _ 29 29 - - - - - In s p e c tio n and te s tin g 1, 346 925 421 1, 532 407 1, 125 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 73 68 85 41 55 36 _ 1 1 _ 17 17 3 3 30 30 12 11 1 6 6 23 23 48 1 47 45 45 _ 40 12 28 19 17 2 166 1 165 39 35 4 46 3 43 39 35 4 12 1 11 69 52 17 395 138 257 26 22 4 16 1 15 41 39 2 - 127 121 6 677 174 503 178 585 530 55 731 646 152 339 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 82 08 08 11 04 02 80 28 _ 3 3 26 26 _ 32 . 16 13 3 43 43 _ 1 . 1 1 _ 13 13 44 44 1 2 44 44 2 2 18 7 95 89 6 138 138 _ 5 3 24 24 30 30 7 1 1 390 344 46 435 350 3 2 4 3 59 31 11 11 2 49 15 _ _ _ 2 2 2 114 2 _ .. _ 1 _ _ 2 _ _ _ 15 _ _ - 19 _ _ _ 4 _ _ . 24 _ _ _ 48 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 16 _ _ 1 _ 2 1 _ 58 _ 70 38 _ _ _ 1 _ _ 1 _ . _ _ _ ' L a b o r a to r y a s s is t a n t s ______________________ M e n ---------------------------------------------------W o m e n ...__________________________________ P h y s ic a l te s t o p e r a t o r s ____________________ M e n ________________________________________ W o m e n ----------------------------------------------- ' ' ' _ . M is c e lla n e o u s G uards (a ll m e n )------------------------------------J a n ito r s --------------------------------------------------M e n ---------------------------------------------------W o m e n ----------------------------------------------L a b o r e r s , m a te r ia l h a n d lin g ______________ M e n -------------------------------- -------------------Stock c le r k s (a ll m e n )______________________ T r u c k e r s , p o w er ( fo r k lift ) (a ll m e n ) ------ 1 E xclu d es p re m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w eeken ds, h o lid a ys, 2 A l l n o n c e llu lo s ic f ib e r s estab lish m en ts w e r e located in the South. N O TE: and late sh ifts. D ash es in d ica te no data re p o rte d o r data that do not m eet p u b lication c r it e r ia . C O Table 8. Scheduled W eekly Hours (P e r c e n t o f p rod u ction and o ffic e w o rk e rs in synthetic fib e r s m an u factu rin g esta b lish m en ts by scheduled w e e k ly hours o f d a y -s h ift w o r k e r s , 1 United States and South, F e b ru a ry — p r il 1966) A P ro d u ctio n w o rk e rs A ll estab lish m en ts S cheduled w e e k ly hours O ffic e w o rk e rs C e llu lo s ic fib e r s U nited States U nited States 1 2 A ll w o r k e r s ----------------------------------------------37V2 h o u r s -------------------------------------------------------40 h o u r s ______________________________________________ 42 h o u r s ______________________________________________ South 100 100 100 100 2 94 4 2 94 4 4 96 5 95 1 D ata r e la te to the p red om in a n t w o rk schedule in each estab lish m en t. 2 In clu d es data f o r re g io n s in a d dition to the South. 3 A l l n o n c e llu lo s ic fib e r s es ta b lis h m e n ts w e r e lo ca ted in the South. N O TE: B eca u se o f rounding, sum s o f in d ivid u al item s m ay not equal 100. South N o n c e llu lo s ic fib e r s 3 100 93 7 A ll esta b lish m en ts U nited States South C e llu lo s ic fib e r s U nited States South N o n c e llu lo s ic fib e r s 3 100 100 100 100 100 2 98 2 98 4 96 5 95 1 99 Table 9. Shift Differential Practices---- All Establishments (P e r c e n t o f p rodu ction w o rk e rs a ssign ed to s e le c te d shifts in synthetic fib e r s m an u factu rin g esta b lish m en ts by type o f sh ift and amount o f shift d iffe r e n tia l, United States and South, F e b r u a r y —A p r il 1966) U nited States 1 Rotating shifts 2 Shift d iffe r e n t ia l Day schedules (1st) Evening schedule s (2d) South O s c illa tin g shifts 3 N igh t schedules (3d) F ir s t or second group F ix e d shifts O s c illa tin g sh ifts 3 R otatin g sh ifts 2 E ven in g schedules (2d) N igh t schedules (3d) Day schedules (1 st) E ven in g schedule s (2d) N igh t schedule s (3d) F ir s t or second grou p F ix e d shifts E ven in g schedules (2d) N ight schedules (3d) 0. 2 W o r k e r s a s s ig n e d to s e le c te d s h ifts --------------- 21. 2 21. 2 21. 1 1.4 1. 5 1. 3 22. 8 22. 7 22.7 1.4 0. 4 R e c e iv in g sh ift d iffe r e n t ia l------------------------- 15. 4 21. 0 21. 1 .7 1. 5 1.3 16. 4 22. 5 22. 7 .6 .3 .1 3. 3 .7 1. 3 1. 1 . 1 - 3 .4 .9 2. 0 .4 . 1 - .5 . 1 .4 - .2 (4) - 3. 9 .9 1.4 1.4 . 1 - 4. 1 1. 1 2. 3 .6 . 1 - .4 . 1 - . - _ - - .2 .2 1. 2 1. 1 1.4 _ _ - - U n ifo rm cen ts p e r h o u r ------------------------3 c e n t s ____________________________________ 5 c e n t s ____________________________________ 6 c e n t s ____________________________________ 8 c e n t s ---------------------------------------------9 c e n t s ---------------------------------------------10 c e n ts ___________________________________ 12 c e n ts ___________________________________ 16 c e n ts ___________________________________ 17 c e n ts _________________________ _______ 18 c e n ts --------------------------------------------23 c e n ts ___________________________________ U n ifo rm cen ts p e r hour plus paid lunch p e r io d not p r o v id e d fix e d d a y -s h ift w o r k e r s -------------------------------5 c e n t s ____________________________________ 6 c e n t s ____________________________________ 7 c e n t s ------------------------------------------ -— 8 c e n t s ____________________________________ 9 c e n t s ____________________________________ 10 c e n ts -------------------------------------------------------1 1 c e n ts -------------------------------------------------------12 c e n ts ___________________________________________ 14 c e n ts ___________________________________________ 15 c e n ts ___________________________________________ 16 c e n ts ___________________________________________ 19 c e n ts ___________________________________________ 20 c e n ts ___________________________________________ 23 c e n ts ___________________________________________ 24 c e n ts ____________________________________________ 33 c e n ts -------------------------------------------------------U n ifo rm p e rc e n ta g e plus paid lunch p e rio d not p r o v id e d fix e d day -sh ift w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------5 p e rc e n t------------------------ *_______________ 10 percent__________________________ ____ . - - c> ( 4) - 2. 6 _ . - 1 .2 13. 1 13. 1 3. 1 3. 2 1. 1 1. 1 .5 1. 3 .3 . - (4) - 2. 3 - - - - (4) . 1 - . 1 . - 3 ( 4) 4. 5 4. 5 - - - 4. 5 P aid lunch period not provided fixed d ay -sh ift w o r k e r s ----------------------------------- 8. 2 . Receiving no shift d iffe re n tia l---------------------- 5. 9 .2 . 6 . . - 1 3 1 1 1 .7 B ecau se of rounding, - sums of individual item s m ay not equal totals. - 13. 9 13. 8 ( 4) 3. 9 3. 2 1.4 1.4 . 7 1.7 .4 _ - - .2 ( 4) - . . 1 . _ _ . _ _ _ _ ( 4) . 1 1.0 1.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (4) _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ - - - - 4. 6 4. 6 . . - 3 . - 3 - 4. 6 - - 4. 6 - 10. 4 ( 4) 6. 3 _ _ _ 4. 6 ( 4) ( 4) - - 4. 6 ( 4) ( 4) “ .3 I 6. 0 1. 1 1.4 . 3 2. 9 1. 7 . - Includes data fo r regions in addition to the South. W o rk e rs assign ed to rotating shifts alternately worked on the day, evening, and night schedules. W o rk e rs assign ed to oscillating shifts w ere of 2 groups: Those alternating between day and evening L e s s than 0. 05 percent. NOTE: (4) - (4) . . 4. 5 1 .2 . - - .3 - “ (4) - 4. 6 1 2 3 4 - ( 4) 4. 7 1. 5 .2 2. 3 2. 8 4. 6 (4) 1. 1 - (4) .2 - .6 . 1 - 1 .2 (4) 2. 3 - .2 _ 0 schedules, 1 . .2 - . and those alternating 1 1 1 . _ _ 1 ( 4) (4) - between (4 ) - .9 ( 4) ( 4) evening and night schedules. Table 10, Shift Differential Practices— Cellulosic Fibers (P e r c e n t o f p rod u ction w o r k e r s a ssign ed to s e le c te d shifts in c e llu lo s ic fib e r s m an u factu rin g esta b lish m en ts by type o f sh ift and amount o f sh ift d iffe r e n tia l, United States and South, F e b ru a ry — p r il 1966) A U nited States 1 S h ift d iffe r e n t ia l D ay schedu les (1st) W o r k e r s a s s ig n e d to s e le c te d s h ifts ----- ----- ----- 19.7 R e c e iv in g sh ift d iffe r e n t ia l,____ _______________ 14.7 U n ifo rm cents p e r h o u r — . ___ _____________ 3 c e n t s , , , , , ........ ........ ............................. — 5 c e n t s ,—, , ____________ ____ . ______________ 8 cents ______ -______ -____ ____ __________ , ___ _ 9 c e n t s ------ . . . ----- ---------------------------- . . . 10 c ent s. . . . — ___________ — —___________ 16 c e n ts .----- ---------- -— ---- -------------------18 c e n ts —. ------- ——.............. ....................... 23 c e n ts _________________________________— U n ifo rm cents p e r hour plus paid lunch p e rio d not p ro v id e d fix e d day - sh ift w o r k e r s ...— — . . . . ________ 3 cen ts --------------------------------- ---------- 5 c e n t s ____ ____________ ____ ______ ___________ 6 c e n t s .—. __________ ___________— . . . . . ----7 cen ts . . . ______________ ______ ____ . . . ______ 10 c e n ts .—___________________ —______ . . . __ 11 c e n ts ---- ----------------- ----------------- ------12 c e n ts ________ _____ ______________________ 14 c e n ts — ..................— —........................... 15 c e n ts ________ ________ . . . ________________ 16 c e n t s ..... _____ _____________ _____________ 19 c e n ts .......................................................20 c e n ts _________ _____ ______ ......_____ . . . . . 23 c e n ts ---------- ----------- —..... .................— 24 c e n ts ___ ___ ________--------------------. . . ___ 33 ce n ts ___ ______ ______________________-____ P a id lunch p e rio d not p ro v id e d fix e d d a y -s h ift w o r k e r s .—. _________ , __________ — R e c e iv in g no sh ift d iffe r e n t ia l----- ----- - 1 2 3 4 O s c illa tin g sh ifts 3 R otatin g shifts 2 . . _ . - 5.9 . . . .5 . 5.4 . - E vening schedules (2d) N igh t schedules (3d) F i r s t or second grou p 19.6 19.5 1.7 19.6 19.5 1.5 2.2 1.7 .5 " 2.2 1.7 . .5 - 1.2 .2 1.0 - 17.3 .7 5.2 3.6 1,9 . .5 (4) 5.4 - 18.8 2.4 - - - - 5.2 3.6 1.7 .5 ( 4) 5.3 - * . - 8.8 .1 5.0 .1 - (4) - .3 . ( 4) .3 ( 4) - South Evening schedules . . ( 2d) B eca u se o f rou nding, sum s o f in d ivid u a l ite m s m ay not equal to ta ls. O s c illa tin g sh ifts 3 D ay sch edu les . (1st) Evening schedules (2d) N igh t sch edu les (3d) F ir s t o r second grou p E vening schedules (2d) N ight schedules (3d) 21.9 21.8 1.8 0.1 0.3 21.9 21.8 1.6 .1 .3 2.2 2.2 _ - 2.2 2.2 _ _ - 1.5 .2 1.3 - .1 - _ . - - N igh t sch edu les (3d) - ~ 2.8 3.0 22.0 2.8 3.0 16.4 .5 _ ( 4) (!) ( 4) .5 - 2.3 1.5 . .8 .5 _ * .5 . _ - 2.5 - 5.3 - - - 1.5 _ - 19.8 1.0 6.4 4.6 2.4 .6 4.7 _ .6 . 4.7 19.6 1.0 .1 - _ _ _ - 6.4 4.6 2.3 .6 4.7 - - - - .2 .7 .1 - - - - - ( 4) .1 - - - - F ix e d shifts ( 4) ( 4) - - .3 - - - - _ _ _ _ .3 - - 11.1 - ,2 5.6 .2 In clu des data fo r r e g io n s in a d dition to the South. W o r k e r s a ssig n ed to ro ta tin g sh ifts a lte rn a te ly w ork ed on the day, even in g, and night schedules. W o r k e r s a ssig n ed to o s c illa tin g s h ifts w e r e o f two grou ps: Th ose a ltern a tin g b etw een day and L e s s than 0.05 p erc e n t. NOTE: R otatin g sh ifts 2 F ix e d sh ifts even in g sch ed u les, and those a ltern a tin g b etw een even in g and night schedu les. Table 11. Shift Differential Practices-----N oncellulosic Fibers (P e r c e n t o f produ ction w o rk e rs assign ed to s e le c te d sh ifts in n o n c e llu lo s ic , m an u factu rin g e sta b lish m en ts by type o f sh ift and amount o f sh ift d iffe r e n tia l, U nited S tates, 1 F e b r u a r y — p r il 1966) A O s c illa tin g sh ifts 3 R o ta tin g sh ifts 2 Shift d iffe r e n tia l N i ght schedule (3d) F ix e d sh ifts Day schedules (1st) E ven in g schedules (2d) W o r k e r s assign ed to s e le c te d s h ifts_____________ 22. 4 22. 4 22. 4 1. 2 0. 5 R e c e iv in g shift d iffe r e n tia l____________________ 15. 7 22. 0 22. 3 .2 .5 U n ifo rm cents p er h o u r ____________________ 5 c e n t s ____________________________________ c e n t s ____________________________________ 8 c e n t s ____ ____ — ________________________ 10 cen ts___________________________________ 12 cen ts___________________________________ 16 cen ts___________________________________ 17 cen ts___________________________________ .2 4. 3 1.9 1.9 .4 - 4. 6 . 3 .2 3. 1 .8 .2 ( 4) 9. 8 1. 6 2. 8 . 5 1. 7 .9 2. 3 9. 8 - ( 4) - .4 - - - . 1 - - - (4) - 4. 4 . 5 3. 9 .9 - . 1 . 2 - 8. 0 8. 0 . 1 . 1 . . - - 6 - .2 - - U n ifo rm cents per hour plus paid lunch p e rio d not provided, fix e d d a y -s h ift w o r k e r s .----- ------------- ----- -----5 c e n ts ____________________________________ 6 c e n ts ____________________________________ 7 c e n ts ____________________________________ 8 c e n ts ------------- ------------ -----------------------9 c e n ts ____________________________________ 10 cen ts ....... .........— ------- -----------------------12 cen ts ___________________________________ 15 cen ts ___________________________________ 16 c en ts ___________________________________ U n ifo rm p ercen ta ge plus paid lunch p e rio d not p ro vid ed fix ed d a y -s h ift w o r k e r s _________________________ 5 p e r c e n t ---------------------------------------------10 p e rc e n t ________________________________ 8. 0 - - - - 8. 0 8. 0 8. 0 P a id lunch p e rio d not p ro vid ed fix ed d a y -s h ift w o r k e r s _________________________ 7. 5 R e c e iv in g no sh ift d iffe r e n tia l ________________ 6. 7 1 2 3 b etw een 4 E ven in g schedule (2d). (4) - E ven in g schedule (2d) N igh t schedule (3d) 0. 1 - _ - ( 4) 1 1 . 4 . i 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 A l l n o n cellu lo sic fib e r s estab lish m en ts w e r e lo ca ted in the South. W o rk e rs a ssign ed to ro ta tin g shifts a lte rn a te ly w o rk e d on the day, even in g, and night sch ed u les. W o rk e rs a ssign ed to o s c illa tin g sh ifts w e r e o f two groups: Th ose a lte rn a tin g b etw een day and even in g sch ed u les, and those a ltern a tin g even in g and night schedules. L e s s than 0. 05 p ercen t. NO TE: B ecau se o f rounding, sums of in d ivid u a l ite m s m ay not equal to ta ls . Table 12. Paid Holidays 00 (P e r c e n t o f p rodu ction and o ffic e w o rk e rs in synthetic fib e r s m anu factu ring esta b lish m en ts w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r paid h o lid a y s , U nited States and South, F e b ru a ry — p r il 1966)' A Production w o rk ers Num ber of paid holidays A ll establishments United States 1 South O ffice w o rk ers C ellulosic fibers United States 1 South Noncellulosic fib e rs 2 A ll establishm ents United States 1 South C ellu losic fib e rs United States 1 South Noncellulosic fib e rs 2 A ll w o r k e r s ____________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 W o rk e rs in establishm ents providing paid h o lid a y s ------------------------------------------------------ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 1 40 25 34 _ 84 16 - _ 79 21 1 1 . 8 78 13 _ 83 17 - - 1 19 30 50 Unde r 6 d a y s ____________________________________ 6 d a y s ____________________________________________ 7 d a y s ____________________________________________ 8 d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------9 d a y s ____________________________________________ 10 d a y s ------------------------------------------------------------- - 46 23 31 W o rk e rs in e sta b lish m en ts p ro v id in g no paid h o lid a y s ------------------------------------------------- 1 Inclu des data fo r re g io n s in ad d ition to the South. 2 A l l n o n c e llu lo s ic fib e r s esta b lis h m e n ts w e re loca ted in the South. 3 L e s s than 0. 5 p e rc e n t. NO TE: B eca u se o f rou nding, sums o f in d ivid u a l item s m ay not equal 100. - 18 27 54 1 3 40 24 33 (3) - 38 26 35 1 Table 13. Paid Vacations (P e r c e n t o f production and o ffic e w o rk e rs in synthetic fib e r s m an u factu rin g esta b lish m en ts w ith fo r m a l p ro v is io n s fo r paid va c a tio n s 1 a fte r s e le c te d p e rio d s o f s e r v ic e , U nited States and South, F e b ru a ry — p r il 1966) A P ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs A ll establish m en ts V a c a tio n p o lic y 1 O ffic e w o r k e r s C e llu lo s ic fib e r s N o n c e llu lo s ic fib e r s 3 A ll esta b lish m en ts U nited State s 2 C e llu lo s ic fib e r s U nited States 2 N o n c e llu lo s ic fib e r s 3 United States 2 A ll w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------------- South United States 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 58 30 12 100 61 26 13 100 20 60 20 100 16 58 25 100 87 7 6 100 93 7 - 100 92 8 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 89 11 - 62 3 35 58 3 39 93 4 3 91 5 4 39 2 59 13 87 14 86 10 90 13 87 15 85 45 55 - 39 61 - 60 40 - 48 52 - 35 65 - 10 88 2 10 87 2 100 - 100 - 15 82 3 18 1 80 2 9 1 88 2 39 57 4 21 74 5 1 2 97 - ( 5) 98 2 ( 5) 98 2 100 - 100 - 97 3 67 3 31 63 3 34 96 4 - 95 5 - 45 2 54 66 34 63 37 100 - 100 - 47 _ 53 35 3 32 31 28 3 35 34 64 4 32 - 54 5 41 - 13 2 32 54 23 42 2 33 21 42 2 35 46 54 - 46 54 _ 11 _ 36 3 50 12 57 31 12 54 34 17 83 - 18 82 - 9 38 54 12 53 2 33 10 53 2 35 24 76 - 18 82 _ _ 6 41 3 50 2 53 3 42 2 48 3 46 96 4 - 95 5 - 4 21 2 73 3 36 2 58 4 31 2 63 _ 76 24 _ 70 30 5 15 3 77 28 30 42 29 25 46 35 65 - 42 58 - 22 5 73 29 21 2 49 27 18 2 53 51 45 4 52 43 _ 5 17 8 3 73 11 46 1 42 12 40 1 46 8 92 - 9 91 - - - 14 11 2 73 9 33 2 56 6 31 2 61 14 69 18 6 72 22 6 14 3 77 South South South M ethod o f paym ent W o rk e rs in esta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g paid v a c a tio n s ----------------------------------------------L e n g t h - o f- t im e p a y m e n t---------------------------P e r c e n ta g e p a ym en t----------------------------------Othe r ---------------------------------------------------------A m ount o f v a c a tio n pay 4 A ft e r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e : 1 w e e k ____________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u nder 2 w e e k s ____________________ 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------A ft e r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : U nder 2 w e e k s __________________________________ 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s ____________________ A ft e r 3 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e : 1 w e e k ___________________________________________ O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s -------------------------2 w e e k s __________________________________________ O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s ____________________ A ft e r 5 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e : 2 w e e k s __________________________________________ O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s ____________________ 3 w e e k s __________________________________________ A ft e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : 2 w e e k s __________________________________________ O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s ____________________ 3 w e e k s __________________________________________ O v e r 3 and under 4 w e e k s -------------------------4 w e e k s __________________________________________ A ft e r 12 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : U nder 3 w e e k s __________________________________ 3 w e e k s __________________________________________ O v e r 3 and under 4 w e e k s ____________________ 4 w e e k s __________________________________________ A ft e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : 2 w e e k s __________________________________________ 3 w e e k s __________________________________________ O v e r 3 and under 4 w e e k s ____________________ 4 w e e k s __________________________________________ A ft e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : U nder 4 w e e k s __________________________________ 4 w e e k s __________________________________________ O v e r 4 and under 5 w e e k s ____________________ '5 w e e k s __________________________________________ A ft e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : U n der 4 w e e k s __________________________________ 4 w e e k s __________________________________________ O v e r 4 and under 5 w e e k s ____________________ 5 w e e k s __________________________________________ ( 5) 1 In clu des b asic plans on ly. Plan s such as v a c a tio n -s a v in g s and those plans which o ffe r "e x te n d e d " o r "s a b b a tic a l" b en efits beyond b a sic plans to w o r k e r s w ith q u a lifyin g lengths of s e r v ic e a re exclu d ed . 2 Inclu des data fo r re g io n s in addition to the South. 3 A l l n o n c e llu lo s ic fib e r s esta b lish m en ts w e re loca ted in the South. 4 V a c a tio n paym en ts such as p ercen t of annual earn in gs w ere c o n v e rte d to an equ ivalen t tim e b a sis. P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e re a r b it r a r ily ch osen and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t individu al e s ta b lish m en t p r o v is io n s fo r p ro g r e s s io n . F o r exam p le, the changes in p ro p o rtio n s in d icated at 10 y e a rs m ay include changes in p ro v is io n s b etw een 5 and 10 y e a r s . 5 L e s s than 0. 5 p e rcen t. N O TE: B ecau se o f rounding, sums of individu al item s m ay not equal to ta ls . C D Table 14. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in s y n t h e t i c f i b e r s m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h s p e c i f i e d h e a l t h , U n i t e d S t a t e s and S o ut h , F e b r u a r y - A p r i l 1966) in su ran ce, Prod u ction w o rk e rs A ll estab lish m en ts T y p e o f plan plans, 1 O ffic e w o rk e rs C e llu lo s ic fib e r s United States 2 A l l w o r k e r s ___________ _________________________ and p e n s r South United States 2 South 100 100 100 100 99 24 75 99 23 76 100 8 92 59 12 47 58 13 45 95 84 33 50 94 82 34 48 31 34 11 100 24 - None e llu lo s ic fib e r s 3 A l l estab lish m en ts C e llu lo s ic fib e r s N o n c e llu lo s ic fib e r s 3 United States 2 South United States 2 South 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 37 63 99 27 73 99 28 72 100 1 99 100 . 100 99 40 60 88 88 95 95 36 21 15 55 15 40 55 16 39 89 1 87 95 . 95 37 23 15 90 90 7 84 87 87 87 99 79 54 25 97 51 33 18 97 51 35 16 100 26 1 25 100 20 . 20 96 65 50 15 54 88 90 82 89 91 12 100 23 - 100 7 - 100 - 20 100 37 - 100 26 - 100 28 - - - - 100 1 100 - 100 40 - 24 50 16 23 47 18 7 91 29 96 38 37 19 7 26 45 19 28 41 17 1 94 44 94 46 40 19 5 33 29 61 58 12 26 24 50 48 14 27 99 24 - 29 99 23 - 3 100 7 - 4 100 - 44 99 37 - 28 99 26 - 31 99 28 - 5 100 1 - 6 100 - 41 99 40 - 24 49 16 23 47 18 7 91 29 96 38 37 26 45 18 28 41 17 1 94 44 94 46 40 18 4 33 29 61 58 12 26 24 50 48 14 27 95 33 - 29 94 33 - 3 92 28 - 4 90 27 - 44 97 37 - 28 95 33 - 31 94 35 5 94 19 6 92 22 - - - 41 95 40 - 33 35 16 33 32 18 28 62 29 27 59 38 37 16 6 33 34 18 35 29 17 19 70 44 22 64 46 40 14 4 19 14 32 21 10 15 12 26 18 10 27 29 3 4 44 28 31 5 6 41 W o rk e rs in e s ta b lish m en ts p ro v id in g : L ife in s u r a n c e ___________________________________ J oin tly fin a n c e d ______________________________ E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d ------- --------------------------A c c id e n ta l death and d is m e m b e rm e n t in s u ra n c e ________________________________________ J o in tly fin a n c e d ______________________________ E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d ---------------------------------S ick n ess and a ccid en t in su ra n ce or sick le a v e o r b o th 4____________________________ S ick n ess and accid en t in s u ra n c e __________ J oin tly fin a n c e d -------------------- ------------E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d -----------------------------S ick le a v e (fu ll pay, no w a itin g p e r io d ). . , ---------------------------------S ick le a v e (p a r tia l pay or w a itin g p e r io d )_____________________________ H o s p ita liz a tio n in s u ra n c e _______________ _______ J oin tly fin a n ced ______________________________ C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s o n ly ------------------C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s and th e ir d e p e n d e n ts ______________________________ E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d ---------------------------------C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s o n ly ------------------C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s and th eir d e p e n d e n ts --------------------------------------E m p lo y e r fin an ced fo r e m p lo y e e s ; jo in tly fin an ced fo r d ep en d en ts__________ S u rg ic a l in s u ra n c e ______________________________ J o in tly fin a n c e d --------------------------------------C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s o n ly _______________ C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s and th e ir d e p e n d e n ts ______________________________ E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d ---------------------------------C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s o n ly ------------------C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s and th e ir d e p e n d e n ts ______________________________ E m p lo y e r fin a n ced fo r e m p lo y e e s ; jo in tly fin an ced fo r d ep en d en ts__________ M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e ______________________________ J oin tly fin a n ced ______________________________ C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s o n ly ------------------C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s and th e ir d e p e n d e n ts ______________________________ E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d ----------------------------------C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s o n ly;_______________ C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s and th e ir d e p e n d e n ts ______________________________ E m p lo y e r fin a n ced fo r e m p lo y e e s ; jo in tly fin an ced fo r d ep en d en ts------------- See footnotes at e nd of tab le . 18 6 - - Table 14. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans---- Continued (P e r c e n t o f produ ction and o ffic e w o rk e rs in synthetic fib e r s m an u factu rin g esta b lish m en ts with s p e c ifie d health, in su ran ce, and pension plans, United States and South, F e b ru a ry — p r il 1966) A P ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s A l l estab lish m en ts T y p e o f plan U nited States 2 South O ffic e w o r k e r s C e llu lo s ic fib e r s U nited States 2 South N o n c e llu lo s ic fib e r s 3 A l l esta b lish m en ts U nited States 2 South C e llu lo s ic fib e r s U nited States 2 South N o n cellu lo sic fib e r s 3 W o r k e r s in esta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g — • C ontinued C a ta stro p h e in s u r a n c e ............ _____ _____ ____ J o in tly fin an ced.,______ ____ ___________________ C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s o n ly -----------------C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s and th e ir d e p e n d e n ts ------ ----- . . . ---- -— ______ _ E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d ......________________. . . . __ C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s o n ly ___ ____________ C o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s and th e ir d e p e n d e n ts ___ ....________________________ E m p lo y e r fin a n ced fo r e m p lo y e e s ; jo in tly fin a n ced fo r d ep en d en ts________ _ P en s io n p la n s __ . . . . ___ ......___ . . . . _________ ____ J o in tly fin a n c e d — — ------ . . . ------------ -------E m p lo y e r fin a n c e d ..____________ ......._______ No plans ______ ___________________ ... 1 2 3 4 39 37 - 38 35 - 61 58 - 62 58 - 24 21 - 45 40 - 44 39 - 55 50 - 54 48 - 39 35 - 37 1 - 35 2 - 58 - 58 - 21 2 - 40 3 - 39 3 - 50 - 48 - 35 4 - 1 2 - - 2 - 4 1 98 14 84 1 99 16 83 3 97 29 68 4 100 37 63 6 100 48 52 99 6 94 - 99 3 95 3 3 2 99 22 78 2 99 19 81 - 5 99 50 48 In clu d es o n ly th ose plans fo r which at le a s t part o f the cost is b orn e by the e m p lo y e r and exclu d es le g a lly re q u ire d plans such as w o rk m e n 's com p en sation and s o c ia l s ecu rity. In clu d es data f o r r e g io n s in addition to the South. A l l n o n c e llu lo s ic f ib e r s esta b lish m en ts w e r e lo ca ted in the South. U n du plicated to ta l of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g sick le a v e or sick n ess and accid en t in su ran ce shown se p a ra te ly . NO TE; B eca u se o f rou nding, sums of in d ivid u al ite m s m ay not equal to ta ls. Appendix A. Scope and Method o f Survey Scope of Survey The survey included establishments p r im a r ily engaged in the manufacture o f cellulosic manmade fib ers in the fo rm o f monofilament, yarn, staple, o r tow suitable fo r further manufacturing on textile proc es sin g equipment and synthetic organic fib e r s , except cellu lo sic (industries 2823 and 2824 as defined in the 1957 edition of the Standard Industrial C l a s s i f i cation Manual and 1963 Supplement, prepared by the U. S. Bureau of the Budget). The cla ssifica tion o f establishments by industry branch was determ ined on the basis o f the value of the principal fib er manufactured. Separate auxiliary units, such as central o ffice s and r e s e a rc h la b o ra to rie s, w e r e excluded. A lso excluded fro m the survey w e r e establishments p r im a r ily engaged in manufacturing glass fib ers. The number of establishments and w o r k e r s actually studied by the Bureau, as w e l l as the number estimated to be in the industry during the p a y ro ll period studied, are shown in the follow ing table: Estimated Number of Establishments and Workers Within Scope of Survey and Number Studied, Synthetic Fibers, February— April 1966 Number of establishments Workers in establishments Within scope of survey Industry branch and region Studied Within scope of survey Studied A ll establishments: United States 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------South3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 37 36 31 80,079 72,971 62,407 56,368 4,171 3,862 68,711 61,603 Cellulosic fibers establishments: United States 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------South3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 13 18 13 32, 550 25,442 26,712 20,673 1,462 1,153 32, 550 25, 442 Noncellulosic fibers establishments: 4 United States----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 18 47, 529 35,695 2,709 36, 161 N onsupervisory Total Production workers Office workers Total1 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the production and office worker categories. c Includes data for regions in addition to the South. 3 The South as used in this survey includes: Alabama, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. 4 A ll noncellulosic fibers establishments were located in the South. Method of Study Data w e r e obtained by personal visits of Bureau field economists under the direction of the Bureau's A ssistant Regional D ir e c to r s for Wages and Industrial Relations. Of the 42 establishments within the scope of the survey, data w e r e obtained fr o m all but 6. In combining the data, how ever, all establishments w e r e given their appropriate weight. A ll estim ates are presented, th e r e fo r e , as relating to all establishments in the industry. Establishment Definition An establishment, fo r the purposes o f this study, is defined as a single physical location w here industrial operations are perform ed . An establishment is not n e c e s s a r ily identical with the company, which may consist of one or m o r e establishments. 23 24 Employment The estim ates of the number of w o r k e r s within the scope o f the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition o f the labor fo rc e included in the survey. The advance planning ne ces sa ry to make a wage survey req u ires the use of lists of esta blish ments assem bled considerably in advance o f the p a y roll period studied. Production W o r k e r s The term "production w o r k e r s , " as used in this bulletin, includes w orking fo re m en and all nonsupervisory w o r k e r s engaged in nonoffice functions. A d m in istra tive , executive, profession a l, and technical personnel, as w e ll as fo rc e-a cc ou n t construction em ployees who w e r e utilized as a separate w o rk fo rc e on the f i r m 's own p ro p erties, w e r e excluded. O ffice W ork ers The term " o ff ic e w o r k e r s , " as used in this bulletin, includes a ll nonsupervisory o ffice w o r k e r s and excludes adm inistrative, executive, professional, and technical em ployees. Occupations Selected for Study Occupational c la ss ifica tion was based on a uniform set o f job descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment and in tera rea variations in duties within the same job. (See appendix B for these job descriptions. ) The occupations w e r e chosen fo r their num erical im portance, their usefulness in co lle c tiv e bargaining, or their representativen ess of the entire job scale in the industry. W orking su perviso rs, apprentices, le a r n e r s , beginners, tra inees, handicapped, p a r t-tim e , tem p ora ry, and probationary w o r k e r s w e r e not reported in the data fo r selected occupations but w e r e included in the data fo r all production w o r k e r s . Wage Data The wage information rela te s to a vera ge straight-tim e hourly earnings, excluding premium pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o r k on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive payments, such as those resulting fr o m p iecew ork or production bonus system s, and c o s t - o flivin g bonuses w e r e included as part o f the w o r k e r s ' regu lar pay; but nonproduction bonus payments, such as Christm as or yearend bonuses, w e r e excluded. A v e r a g e hourly rates or earnings for each occupation or other group of w o r k e r s , such as men, women, or production w o r k e r s , w e r e calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of w or k e r s r e c e iv in g the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number of individuals. The hourly earnings of salaried w or k e r s w e r e obtained by dividing straighttim e sa la ry by norm al rather than actual hours. Scheduled Weekly Hours Data on w eek ly hours r e f e r to the predominant w ork schedule fo r fu ll-tim e p r o duction w o r k e r s (o r o ffice w or k e r s ) employed on the day shift. Shift P r a c tic e s and D ifferen tia ls Data relate to shift practices of establishments during the p a y ro ll period studied and are presented in term s o f the proportion of production w o r k e r s actually employed under the conditions specified. W ork ers assigned to rotating shifts va riou sly w o rk on day, evening, and night shifts, and w o r k e r s assigned to fixed shifts r e g u la r ly w ork on their assigned shift. W o rk ers assigned to o s cilla tin g shifts w e r e of two groups: Those alternating between day and evening schedules, and those alternating between evening and night schedules. 25 Supplementary Wage P r o v is io n s Supplementary benefits w e r e treated sta tistica lly on the basis that, if fo r m a l p r o visions w e r e applicable to half o r m o r e of the production (or office ) w o r k e r s in an estab lishment, the benefits w e r e considered applicable to all such w o r k e r s . S im ila rly , if fe w e r than half o f the w o r k e r s w e r e covere d , the benefit was considered nonexistent in the estab lishment. The proportion of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g the benefits may be s m a ller than estimated because o f le n g t h - o f- s e r v ic e and other e lig ib ilit y requirem ents. Paid H olid ays. provided annually. Paid holiday provisions relate to fu ll-day and half-day holidays Paid Vacations. The summary of vacation plans is lim ited to fo rm a l arrangem ents, excluding in form a l plans w hereby time o ff with pay is granted at the dis cretion of the em p loyer or the su pervisor. Payments not on a time basis w e r e converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 w eek 's pay. The periods of s e r v ic e for which data are presented w e r e selected as rep resenta tive of the m ost common pra ctices, but they do not n e c e s s a r ily r e f le c t individual establishment provisions fo r p r o gression. F o r example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 y ea rs of s e r v ic e include changes in provision s which may have occu rred between 5 and 10 years. Health, Insurance, and R e tire m e n t P la n s . Data are presented for selected health, insurance, and pension plans for which a ll or a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer. P r o g r a m s required by law, such as w orkm en 's compensation and social security are excluded. Among the plans included are those underwritten by a c o m m e r ic a l insurance company and those paid d ir e c tly by the em p loyer from his current operating funds or fro m a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a fo rm of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is lim ited to that type of insurance under which predeterm ined cash payments are made d ir e c tly to the insured on a w eek ly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the em p loyer contributes at least part of the cost. H ow ever, in New Y o r k and New J ers ey , where tem p ora ry disability insurance laws require em p loyer contributions, plans are included only if the em ployer (1) contributes m o r e than is le g a lly required, or (2) provides the em ployees with benefits which exceed the requirem ents of the law. Tabulations o f paid sick leave plans are lim ited to fo r m a l plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the w o r k e r 's pay during absence fro m w o rk because o f illness; in fo r m a l arrangements have been omitted. Separate tabulations are provided, according to (1) plans which provide fu ll pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. M e d ic a l insurance r e f e r s to plans providing fo r complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by a c o m m e r ic ia l insurance company or a nonprofit organization, or they may be self-insured. Catastrophe insurance, som etim es r e f e r r e d to as extended or m a jo r m e d ica l insur ance, includes plans designed to co ver em ployees in case of sickness or injury involving an expense which goes beyond the norm al covera g e of hospitalization, m ed ica l, and su rgical plans. Tabulations of r e t ir e m e n t pensions are lim ited to plans which provide, on retirem en t, regu lar payments fo r the rem ainder of the w o r k e r 's life. Severance P a y . Data relate to fo rm a l plans providing for payments to em ployees permanently separated fr o m the company through no fault of their own. Paid Lunch P e r i o d . Data relate to fo r m a l provisions for a lunch period with pay for day-shift w o r k e r s . P r o v is io n s for shift w o r k e r s are rep orted in the sh ift-practices tables. Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The p r im a ry purpose of preparin g job d e s c rip tions fo r the B ureau's wage surveys is to a ssist its fie ld staff in cla ss ify in g into appropriate occupations w ork ers who are em ployed under a v a r ie ty of p a y ro ll titles and d iffe re n t w ork arrangem ents fro m establishm ent to estab lishm ent and fro m a rea to area. This p erm its the grouping of occupational wage rates rep resen tin g com parable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishm ent and in tera re a com p ara b ility of occupational content, the Bureau's job d escrip tion s m ay d iffe r sign ifica n tly fro m those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared fo r other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the B ureau's fie ld econom ists are instructed to exclude w orking su p e rviso rs , apprentices, le a rn e rs , beginners, tra in ees, handicapped, p a rt-tim e, tem p ora ry, and proba tion a ry w o rk ers . M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E P e r fo r m s the carpen try duties n e ces sa ry to construct and maintain in good rep a ir building w oodw ork and equipment such as bins, crib s, counters, benches, partitions, doors, flo o r s , sta irs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishm ent. W ork in volves m ost of the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of w ork fro m blueprints, drawings, m odels, or ve rb a l instructions; using a v a r ie ty of c a rp e n te r's handtools, portable pow ertools, and stand ard m easuring instrum ents; making standard shop computations rela tin g to dim ensions of w ork; and selectin g m a teria ls n e ces sa ry fo r the w ork. In gen eral, the w ork of the maintenance carpenter req u ires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a fo rm a l ap pren ticesh ip or equivalent training and exp erien ce. E L E C T R IC IA N , M A IN T E N A N C E P e r fo r m s a v a r ie ty of e le c tr ic a l trade functions, such as the installation, m ain te nance, or rep a ir of equipment fo r the generation, distribution, or u tilization of e le c tr ic en ergy in an establishm ent. W ork in volves m ost of the fo llo w in g : Installing or rep a irin g any of a v a r ie ty of e le c tr ic a l equipment, such as g en era tors, tra n s fo rm ers, switchboards, co n tro lle rs, circu it b r e a k e r s , m otors, heating units, conduit system s, or other tran sm ission equipment; w orking fro m blueprints, drawings, layouts, or other sp ecification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c tr ic a l system or equipment; w orking standard computations rela tin g to load requ irem en ts of w irin g or e le c tr ic a l equipment; and using a v a r ie ty of e le c tric ia n 's handtools and m easu ring and testing instrum ents. In general, the w ork of the maintenance e le c tr ic ia n req u ire s rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a fo rm a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. H E L P E R , M A IN T E N A N C E TRAD ES A s s is ts one or m ore w o rk ers in the sk illed m aintenance trades by p e rfo rm in g s p ec ific or g en eral duties of le s s e r sk ill, such as keeping a w o rk er supplied with m a teria ls and tools; cleaning w orking areas, m achines, and equipment; a ssistin g w ork er by holding m a teria ls or tools; and p e rfo rm in g other unskilled tasks as d irected by journeym an. The kind of w ork the helper is p erm itted to p e r fo r m v a rie s fro m trade to trade. In some trades, the helper is confined to supplying, liftin g , and holding m a teria ls and tools and to cleaning w orking areas; and in others, he is p erm itted to p e rfo rm sp ec ia lized machine operations or parts of a trade that are also p e rfo rm e d by w o rk ers on a fu ll-tim e basis. 27 28 IN S TR U M E N T R E P A IR M A N In stalls, m aintains, adjusts, and rep a irs manual, pneumatic, e le c tr ic , and/or e le c tron ic m easuring, record in g , and regu lating instrum ents in a ch em ical plant. W ork in volves m ost of the fo llo w in g : Inspecting, testing, and adjusting instrum ents p e rio d ic a lly , d e te r m ining cause of trouble in instrum ents not functioning p ro p erly , and making n e ces sa ry rep a irs or adjustments; disconnecting inaccurate or dam aged instrum ents and rep lacin g them; exam ining m echanism s and cleaning parts; rep lacin g w orn or broken parts; assem bling in strum ents and in stallin g them on testing apparatus; and calibratin g instrum ents to established standards. M A C H IN IST, M A IN T E N A N C E P rod u ces rep lacem en t parts and new parts fo r m echanical equipment operated in an establishm ent. W ork in volves m ost of the fo llo w in g : In terp retin g w ritten instructions and sp ecifica tion s; planning and laying out of w ork; using a v a r ie ty of m ach in ist's handtools and p re c is io n m easu ring instrum ents; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of parts to close tolera n ces; making standard shop computations rela tin g to dim ensions of w ork, tooling, feed s, and speeds of m achining; knowledge of the w orking p ro p erties of the common m etals and other m a teria ls; selectin g standard m a teria ls, parts, and equipment req u ired fo r his w ork; and fittin g and assem bling parts. In gen eral, the m ach in ist's w ork n orm a lly req u ires a rounded training in machine shop p ra ctice usually acquired through a fo rm a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex p erien ce. M E C H AN IC , G E N E R A L P e r fo r m s the w ork of two or m ore maintenance trades rath er than sp ec ia lizin g in only one trade or one type of maintenance w ork. In gen eral, the w ork of a gen eral m echanic req u ire s rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a fo rm a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. The cla s s ific a tio n includes w o rk ers who r e g u la r ly p e r fo r m two or m ore types of sk illed m aintenance w ork w ithin a section or departm ent of a la rg e establishm ent, such as pipefitting, m illw righ tin g, w elding, m achining, machine and equipment rep a irin g , and c a r pentry, among others. It also includes w o rk ers that m aintain and rep a ir m achines, m echan ic a l and e le c tr ic a l equipment, and/or the structure of a sm a ll establishm ent w here s p e c ia l i z a t i o n in m a i n t e n a n c e w o r k is i m p r a c t i c a l . It d o e s not, h o w e v e r , i n c l u d e w o r k e r s w h o only make m inor rep a irs or adjustments. M IL L W R IG H T Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dism antles and installs machine or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout a re req u ired . W ork in volves m ost of the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of the w ork; in terp retin g blueprints or other sp ecifica tion s; using a v a r ie ty of handtools and rig gin g; making standard shop computations rela tin g to stres ses , strength of m a teria ls, and centers of g ra vity ; alining and balancing of equipment; selectin g standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and m aintaining in good* ord er power tra n sm ission equipment, such as d riv es and speed red u cers. In general, the m illw rig h t's w ork n orm a lly req u ire s a rounded training and exp erien ce in the trade a c quired through a fo rm a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. P IP E F IT T E R , M A IN T E N A N C E Installs or rep a irs w ater, steam , gas, or other types of pipe and pip efittin gs in an establishm ent. W ork in volves m ost of the fo llo w in g : Layin g out of w ork and m easuring to locate position of pipe fro m drawings or other w ritte n sp ecifica tio n s; cutting variou s sizes of pipe to c o rr e c t lengths with ch isel and ham m er, oxyacetylen e torch, or pipe-cutting m achine; threading pipe with stock and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or p o w e r-d riv e n m achines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; m aking standard shop computations rela tin g to p re ssu res , flow , and size of pipe req u ired ; and making standard tests to determ in e whether fin ished pipes m eet sp ecifica tion s. In gen eral, the w ork of the maintenance p ip efitter req u ires rounded training and exp erien ce usually acquired through a fo rm a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. W ork ers p r im a r ily engaged in installing and rep a irin g building sanitation or heating system s are excluded. 29 C H E M IC A L P R E P A R A T IO N C H E M IC A L O P E R A T O R , C E L L U L O S IC F IB E R O perates equipment in which raw m a teria ls are treated ch em ica lly to produce a solution fro m which rayon or acetate fib e rs are spun. W ork consists of m ost of the fo llow in g : Regulates the flo w of m a teria ls by turning va lve s; o b serves and controls tem p era tu res and tim e elem ents as p re s c rib e d ; and tends pumps, tanks, v e s s e ls , and other rela te d equipment. M ay take batch sam ples fo r the testing la b ora tory. W ork ers in this c la s s ific a tio n a re usually designated according to th eir sp ec ific function, such as: A cid m ix e r, b a rratte op erator, churn man, c o rre c tio n man, and steepingp ress op erator. C H E M IC A L O P E R A T O R , N O N C E L L U L O S IC F IB E R Controls the con version of ch em ica l in term ed iates to produce a solution fo r spinning n on cellu losic fib e rs by operating one of s e v e ra l types of equipment, such as autoclaves, re a c to rs , re to rts , etc. O bserves a control board to determ in e the p rop er functioning of the chem ical p ro c es s as p re s c rib e d ; and rec o g n ize s and rep o rts off-sta n d a rd conditions, taking n e ces sa ry c o rr e c tiv e action if due to elem ents under his control. M aintains prop er flo w of the in term ed iates and product by opening and closing v a lv e s ; o b serv es, re c o rd s , and controls tem peratu re and tim e elem ents; and operates pumps, tanks, v e s s e ls , and other rela te d equipment* M ay obtain sam ples fo r testing la b o ra to ry and keep p re s c rib e d rec o rd s of production. W ork ers in this cla ss ifica tio n a re usually designated accord in g to th eir sp ec ific functions, such as: P o ly m e r p reparation op erator, solution op erator, and salt-house op erator. SP IN N IN G JETM AN (Spinneret man; spinneret clean er; je t handler) Cleans fr o m spinnerets any gum m y residu e (le ft by spinning solution) to p reven t clogging of the tiny holes through which solution is fo rc ed . Dismounts spinnerets fro m holders and washes in acid bath; blows holes clean w ith com p ressed a ir; exam ines spin nerets fo r d efects; and remounts spinneret in holder. S P IN N E R , D R Y -P R O C E S S W orks as crew m em ber on m achines that convert a liquid spinning solution into a solid filament* by the d ry -p ro c e s s m ethod of spinning. Includes w o rk ers on the upper flo o r (topmen) who p a tro l the spinning machines fo r off-stan dard conditions as the spinning solution is fo rc e d through the spinneret and coagulated into a fila m en t by w arm a ir; w ipe and spray the spinnerets r e g u la r ly to insure an even flo w of the solution; and c o rr e c t fo r off-stan dard conditions as req u ired ; also, w o rk ers on the low er flo o r (bottom men) who r e c e iv e the f i l aments fro m the flo o r above, strin g up and establish p rop er threadline by passing filam en ts through guides and attaching to the winding device, and doffs machine when the packages are fu ll. W ork ers m ay keep rec o rd s and take sam ples fo r la b o ra to ry analysis. S P IN N E R , W E T -P R O C E S S Tends spinning machine that fo rc e s liquid solution through tiny holes in the spinneret (m etal disc) into a so lid ify in g acid bath and fo rm s the resu ltin g filam en ts into a thread. Duties include m ost of the fo llo w in g : C ollects ends of filam en ts fro m the so lid ify in g bath to fo rm an untwisted thread which is passed over a w heel, through guides, and attached to a winding d evice; rem o v es (d offs) fu ll spinning boxes; and m akes p e rio d ic inspections, r e pairin g breaks as n ecessa ry. 30 FINISH IN G C R E E L TE N D E R Tends c r e e l m echanism of draw tw ist machines or w a rp e rs by rep lacin g em pty pack ages of yarn or tow with fu ll ones. A s s is ts in stringing yarn fro m c r e e l through guides to the draw tw ist machine or w a rp er; ties end of yarn on new package to end of yarn fro m exhausted package; and inspects product as it is drawn fro m c r e e l and rep orts off-sta n d a rd conditions. M ay take sam ples and keep production re c o rd s . D R A W TW IST O P E R A T O R (Drawwind op erator) O perates a draw tw ist machine that draws and tw ists non cellu losic yarn fr o m a spinning package. W ork includes m ost of the fo llo w in g : Stocks machines with spinning bobbins; strings up positions by threading guides, wrapping r o lls , and fo llow in g standard proced u res and p ra ctice s; re p a irs breaks and inspects fo r off-stan dard positions; patrols assignm ent fo r threadline breaks and im prop er alinem ent; and starts and doffs machines according to schedule. M ay keep production rec o rd s. TH R O W ER (T W IS T E R ) Tends machine that tw ists rayon or acetate yarn in plants w here box or cake method of spinning is not used. P la c e s fu ll bobbins and em pty spools on tw isting (throwing) machine, starts end of thread fro m bobbin and spool, ties together ends of broken threads, and r e m oves em pty bobbins and fu ll spools fro m machine. TOW O P E R A T O R Operates any of s e v e ra l types of machines p ro cessin g tow (a ropelike co llectio n of untwisted filam ents) im m ed ia tely a fter spinning and just b e fo re packing. T y p ica l of such operations are the follow in g: (1) Takeup o p era tor— operates machine that takes tow fro m the conveyor belt of the spinning machine; (2) crim p e r op erator--- operates m achine that places a crim p in the tow to provid e g rea te r strength n e ces sa ry fo r additional handling; (3) piddler-m achin e op erator--- operates a machine whose m echanism swings back and forth, lapping the tow into transport cans; and (4) cutter op erator--- operates machine that cuts crim ped tow into sp ecified lengths. W ARPER O PERATO R (B eam er) O perates machine that draws yarn fro m many individual packages and winds the strands p a ra lle l onto beam s to fo rm a warp. W ork in volves m ost of the fo llo w in g : Threads ends of individual strands of yarn through guides, drop w ire s , and comb of machine, fo llow in g d irection s of a drawing to obtain a p re s c rib e d arrangem en t; fastens ends of a ll strands to the beam mounted in the m achine; operates the pow ered winding m echanism to draw the yarn fro m the packages and wind it on the beam; and p ieces together broken ends of yarn by tw isting or tying the ends together. M ay also tend c r e e l m echanism of m achine. W ASHER O P E R A T O R P la c e s packages of synthetic yarn in a washing machine to rem ove the in the spinning p rocess. R e c e iv e s fu ll packages fro m the spinning machine and racks of the washing machine; starts machine which fo rc e s w ater through the washing the acid fro m the tread; and rem oves cleaned packages and places on drying. acid used places on packages, racks fo r 31 W INDER, Y A R N Tends the operation of one or m ore of the variou s type m achines used to wind tw isted yarn fro m one fo rm to another fo r shipment or to fa c ilita te handling in la te r p r o cessing. W ork in v o lve s: placin g packages of yarn on r e e ls or spindles of m achine; threading yarn through the variou s guides; piecing-u p broken ends by tw isting or tying the two ends togeth er; and rem ovin g fu lly wound packages and rep lacin g w ith em pty bobbins, cones, tubes, or quills. IN S P E C T IO N AND T E S T IN G L A B O R A T O R Y A SSISTA N T (Techn ician; labora toria n ; ch em ical control op erator) P e r fo r m s standard and routine ch em ical la b o ra to ry tests or sp ecial a n alytical con tro l w ork under the d ire ctio n of a chem ist or forem an. Am ong the types of tests that m ay be c a rrie d on by the la b o ra to ry assistant to determ in e p ro p e rtie s of m a teria ls a re v is c o s ity tests, s p ec ific g ra v ity tests, vo lu m etric analysis, and c o lo r im e tr ic analysis. K eeps accurate rec o rd s of test observations and rep orts to su p erviso r. C la s sific a tio n does not include w o rk ers p e rfo rm in g ph ysical tests. See ph ysical test o p e ra to r. P H Y S IC A L T E S T O P E R A T O R istics of designed types of tow and P e r fo r m s standard and routine ph ysical tests to determ in e the s p e c ific c h a ra c te r continuous filam en t yarn, staple yarn, or tow. U ses instrum ents and s p e c ific a lly m achines, under the su pervision of the la b o ra to ry forem an , to make the fo llow in g tests: D en ier, tenacity, tw ist determ ination, staple fib e r length, crim p count on staple, tare w eight, m oistu re analysis, fila m en t count, and abrasion resista n ce. M A T E R IA L M O V E M E N T A N D H A N D LIN G L A B O R E R , M A T E R IA L H A N D LIN G (L o a d e r and unloader; handler and stacker; sh elver; tru ck er; stockm an or w arehousem an o r w arehouse h elper) A w o rk er em ployed in a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, store, or other esta b lishm ent whose duties in volve one or m ore of the fo llo w in g : Loading and unloading variou s m a teria ls and m erch andise on or fr o m fre ig h t ca rs, trucks, or other tran sportin g d e v ic e s ; unpacking, shelving, or placin g m a teria ls or m erchandise in p rop er stora ge location ; tra n s porting m a teria ls or m erch andise by handtruck, car, or w h eelb a rrow to p ro p er location. M ay keep a r e c o r d o f m a te ria ls handled or check item s against in voices or other rec o rd s. Longshorem en, who load and unload ships, a re excluded. If p r im a ry duty is to operate pow er truck, c la s s ify as tru ck ers, pow er. STO C K C L E R K R e c e iv e s , s to res , and issues equipment, m a te ria l, m erch andise, or tools in a stockroom or sto rero o m . W ork in volves a com bination of the fo llo w in g : Checking incom ing o rd e rs ; storin g supplies; applying iden tification s to a r tic le s ; issuing supplies; taking p e rio d ic in ven tory or keeping perpetu al in ven tory; m aking up n e c e s s a ry r e p o rts ; and requ estin g or ord erin g supplies when needed. Stockroom la b o re rs , tool c r ib attendants, and em p loyees who su p ervise stock cle rk s and la b o r e r s a re excluded. TRUCKER, POW ER O perates a m anually co n trolled g asolin e- o r e le c tr ic -p o w e r e d truck o r tra c to r to tran sport goods and m a te ria ls o f a ll kinds about a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. F o r w age su rvey pu rposes, w o rk e rs T ru ck er, pow er (fo r k lift) T ru ck er, pow er (oth er than fo rk lift) a re c la s s ifie d b y type o f truck as fo llo w s : 32 C U S TO D IA L GUARD P e r fo r m s routine p o lice duties, eith er at fix ed post or on tour, m aintaining o rd e r, using arm s or fo rc e w here n ecessa ry. Includes gatem en, who are stationed at gate and check on identity of em p loyees and other persons entering. J A N IT O R (Day p o rte r; sw eep er; charwom an; ja n itre s s ) Cleans and keeps in an o r d e r ly condition fa c to ry w orking areas and w ashroom s, or p re m is es of an o ffic e , apartm ent house, or co m m e rc ia l or other establishm ent. Duties in volve a com bination of the fo llo w in g : Sweeping, mopping, and/or scrubbing and polishing flo o r s ; rem ovin g chips, trash, and other refu se; dusting equipment, fu rniture, or fix tu res; polishing m etal fix tu res or trim m in g s; providin g supplies and m inor m aintenance s e r v ic e s ; and cleaning la v a to rie s , show ers, and res tro o m s . W ork ers who s p ec ia lize in window washing are excluded. W ATCH M AN Guards p re m is e s of plant p rop erty, w arehouses, or o ffic e buildings. Makes rounds of p re m is e s p e r io d ic a lly in protectin g p ro p erty against fir e , theft, and ille g a l entry. Industry Wage Studies Th e m o s t r e c e n t r e p o r ts fo r in d u s trie s in clu d ed in the B u re a u 's p r o g r a m o f in d u s try w a g e s u r v e y s sin ce January 1950 a re lis t e d b e lo w . T h o s e fo r w h ich a p r ic e is shown a re a v a ila b le fr o m the S u p erin ten den t o f D ocu m en ts, U. S. G o v e rn m e n t P r in t in g O ffic e , W a sh in gton , D. C. , 20402, o r any o f its r e g io n a l s a le s o f fic e s . T h o s e fo r w h ich a p r ic e is not shown m a y be ob ta in ed fr e e as lon g as a su pply is a v a ila b le , fr o m the B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s , W a sh in gton , D. C. , 20212, o r fr o m any o f the r e g io n a l o ffic e s shown on the in s id e ba ck c o v e r . I. Occupational Wage Studies M a n u fa ctu rin g B a s ic Ir o n and S te e l, 1962. B L S B u lle tin 1358 (30 c e n ts ). Candy and O th er C o n fe c tio n e r y P r o d u c ts , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1520 (30 c e n ts ). ^C anning and F r e e z in g , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 136. C ig a r M a n u fa ctu rin g 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1436 (30 c e n ts ). C ig a r e t te M a n u fa ctu rin g , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1472 (20 c e n ts ). C otton T e x t ile s , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1506 (40 c e n ts ). D is t ille d L iq u o r s , 1952. S e r ie s 2, N o. 88. F a b r ic a te d S tru c tu ra l S te e l, 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1463 (30 c e n ts ). F e r t i l i z e r M a n u fa ctu rin g , 1962. B L S B u lle tin 1362 (40 c e n ts ). F lo u r and O th er G ra in M i l l P r o d u c ts , 1961. B L S B u lle tin 1337 (30 c e n ts ). F lu id M ilk In d u stry , 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1464 (30 c e n ts ). F o o t w e a r , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1503 (50 c e n ts ). H o s ie r y , 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1456 (45 c e n ts ). In d u s tria l C h e m ic a ls , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1529 (40 c e n ts ). Ir o n and S te e l F o u n d r ie s , 1962. B L S B u lle tin 1386 (40 c e n ts ). L e a th e r Ta n n in g and F in is h in g , 1963. B L S B u lle tin 1378 (40 c e n ts ). M a c h in e r y M a n u fa ctu rin g , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1476 (25 c e n ts ). M e a t P r o d u c ts , 1963. B L S B u lle tin 1415 (75 c e n ts ). M e n 's and B o y s ' S h irts (E x c e p t W o rk S h irts) and N ig h tw e a r , 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1457 (40 c e n ts ). M e n 's and B o y s ' Suits and C o a ts , 1963. B L S B u lle tin 1424 (65 c e n ts ). M is c e lla n e o u s P la s t ic s P r o d u c ts , 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1439 (35 c e n ts ). M is c e lla n e o u s T e x t ile s , 1953. B L S R e p o r t 56. M o to r V e h ic le s and M o to r V e h ic le P a r t s , 1963. B L S B u lle tin 139 3 (45 c e n ts ). N o n fe r r o u s F o u n d r ie s , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1498 (40 cen ts). P a in ts and V a r n is h e s , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1524 (40 c e n ts ). P a p e r b o a r d C o n ta in ers and B o x e s , 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1478 (70 c e n ts ). P e tr o le u m R e fin in g , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1526 (30 c e n ts ). P r e s s e d o r B low n G la ss and G la s s w a r e , 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1423 (30 c e n ts ). ^ P r o c e s s e d W a s te , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 124. P u lp , P a p e r , and P a p e r b o a r d M i l l s , 1962. B L S B u lle tin 1341 (40 c e n ts ). R a d io , T e le v is io n , and R e la te d P r o d u c ts , 1951. S e r ie s 2, N o. 84. R a ilr o a d C a r s , 1952. S e r ie s 2, N o. 86. *R a w S u gar, 1957. B L S R e p o r t 136. Sou thern S a w m ills and P la n in g M ills , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1519 (30 c e n ts ). S tru c tu ra l C la y P r o d u c ts , 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1459 (45 c e n ts ). S ynthetic F ib e r s , 1958. B L S R e p o r t 143. S ynthetic T e x t ile s , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1509 (40 c e n ts ). T e x t ile D y e in g and F in is h in g , 1965—66. B L S B u lle tin 1527 (45 c e n ts ). * Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. I. O c c u p atio n al W a g e Studies----- C ontinued M a n u fa ctu rin g — Continued ^ T o b a c c o S tem m in g and R e d r y in g , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 136. W e s t C o a st S a w m illin g , 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1455 (30 c e n ts ). W o m e n 's and M is s e s ' C oats and Su its, 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1508 (25 c e n ts ). W o m e n 's and M is s e s ' D r e s s e s , 1963. B L S B u lle tin 1391 (30 c e n ts ). W ood H ou seh old F u r n itu r e , E x c e p t U p h o ls te r e d , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1496 (40 c e n t s ). * W ooden C o n ta in ers , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 126. W o o l T e x t ile s , 1962. B L S B u lle tin 1372 (45 c e n ts ). W o rk C lo th in g , 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1440 (35 c e n ts ). N on m a n u factu rin g A uto D e a le r R e p a ir Shops, 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1452 (30 c e n ts ). B an kin g, 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1466 (30 ce n ts ). B itu m inou s C o a l M in in g , 1962. B L S B u lle tin 1383 (45 c e n ts ). C o m m u n ic a tio n s , 1964. B L S B u lle tin 1467 (20 c e n ts ). C o n tra c t C le a n in g S e r v ic e s , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1507 (30 c e n ts ). C ru de P e tr o le u m and N a tu ra l Gas P ro d u c tio n , I960. B L S R e p o r t 181. D e p a rtm e n t and W o m e n 's R e a d y - t o - W e a r S to r e s , 1950. S e r ie s 2, N o. 78. E a tin g and D rin k in g P la c e s , 1963. B L S B u lle tin 1400 (40 c e n ts ). E le c t r ic and Gas U t ilit ie s , 1962. B L S B u lle tin 1374 (50 c e n ts ). H o s p ita ls , 1963. B L S B u lle tin 1409 (50 ce n ts ). H o te ls and M o t e ls , 1963. B L S B u lle tin 1406 (40 c e n ts ). L a u n d rie s and C le a n in g S e r v i c e s , 1963. B L S B u lle tin 1401 (50 c e n ts ). L if e In su ra n ce, 1961. B L S B u lle tin 1324 (30 c e n ts ). N u rs in g H o m es and R e la te d F a c ilit ie s , 1965. B L S B u lle tin 1492 (45 ce n ts) II. Earnings Distributions Studies F a c t o r y W o r k e r s ' E a rn in g s — D is tr ib u tio n by S t r a ig h t - T im e H o u r ly E a r n in g s , 1958. B L S B u lle tin 1252 (40 ce n ts ). F a c t o r y W o r k e r s ' E a rn in g s — S e le c te d M a n u fa ctu rin g In d u s tr ie s , 1959. B L S B u lle tin 1275 (35 c e n ts ). R e t a il T r a d e : E m p lo y e e E a rn in g s and H o u rs , June 1965— B u ild in g M a t e r i a l s , H a rd w a r e , and F a r m E q u ip m en t D e a le r s . B L S B u lle tin 1501-1 (25 c e n ts ). G e n e r a l M e r c h a n d is e S to re s . B L S B u lle tin 1501-2 (40 c e n ts ). F o o d S to r e s . B L S B u lle tin 1501-3 (30 ce n ts ). A u to m o tiv e D e a le r s and G a s o lin e S e r v ic e S tations. B L S B u lle tin 1501-4 (40 c e n ts ). A p p a r e l and A c c e s s o r y S to re s . B L S B u lle tin 1501-5 (45 c e n ts ). F u r n itu re , H om e F u rn is h in g s , and H ou seh old A p p lia n c e S to r e s . B L S B u lle tin 1501-6 (40 c e n ts ). M is c e lla n e o u s S to r e s . B L S B u lle tin 1501-7 (30 c e n ts ). E m p lo y e e E a rn in g s in N o n m e tro p o lita n A r e a s o f the South and N o rth C e n tr a l R e g io n s , 1962. B L S B u lle tin 1416 (40 c e n ts ). * Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PR IN TIN G OFFICE : 1967 O - 244-389 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES Region. BOSTON SAN FRANCISCO CHICAGO egion VT j ast Central I W estern 450 Golden G Box 36017 San Francisco __ s 6 5[ .M iddle A tlantic R egion 341 Ninth Avenue New York, N .Y . 1 T e l.: 971 -5405 CLEVELAND 1 365 Ontario Cleveland T«1 . -Northci^rn f 219 South Dearborn ! C hica go, 111. 6o604 TeJ- : 3S3-7?an A TLA N TA Atlanta T e l.: Ca. 30309
