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INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Petroleum Refining i DECEMBER 1965 B ulletin No. 1526 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Petroleum Refining DECEMBER 1965 Bulletin No. 1526 August 1966 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary V CSD BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 2 0 4 0 2 - Price 30 cents Preface T h is b u lle t in s u m m a r i z e s the r e s u l t s of a B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s s u r v e y of w a g e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s o f p r o d u c t io n an d r e l a t e d w o r k e r s in p e t r o l e u m r e f i n e r i e s in D e c e m b e r 1965. A p r e l i m i n a r y r e l e a s e on t h is s u r v e y w a s i s s u e d in J u l y 1966. C o p i e s a r e a v a i l a b l e f r o m the B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s , W ash in g ton , D. C. , 2 0 2 1 Z, o r an y o f i t s regio n al o ffic es. T h is stu d y w a s c o n d u c te d in the B u r e a u * s D i v i s i o n of O c c u p a t io n a l P a y , T o iv o P. K an n in en , C hief, u n d er the g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f L . R. L i n s e n m a y e r , A s s i s t a n t C o m m iss io n e r fo r W a g e s and I n d u s t r i a l R e l a t i o n s . The a n a l y s i s w a s p r e p a r e d b y E d w a r d J . C a r a m e l a u n d e r the i m m e d i a t e s u p e r v i s i o n of L . E a r l L e w i s . F i e l d w o r k fo r the s u r v e y w a s d i r e c t e d by the A s s i s t a n t R e g i o n a l D i r e c t o r s fo r W a g e s and I n d u s t r i a l R e l a t i o n s . O th er r e p o r t s a v a i l a b l e f r o m the B u r e a u * s p r o g r a m of in d u s t r y w a g e s t u d i e s a s w e ll a s the a d d r e s s e s of the B u r e a u * s s i x r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s a r e l i s t e d a t the end of t h is b u lle tin . iii Contents Page S u m m a r y ---------------------------------------------I n d u s t r y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------P r o d u c t s and p r o c e s s e s -----L o c a t i o n ------------------------------------------------------------•-------------------------------------S i z e of e s t a b l i s h m e n t -----------------------------------------------------------------------------U n io n iz a tio n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M eth od o f w a g e p a y m e n t -------------------------------------------------------------------------A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------O c c u p a t io n a l e a r n i n g s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s ------------------------S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s and s h if t p r a c t i c e s ---------------------------------------------P a i d h o lid a y s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P a i d v a c a t i o n s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------H e a lth , i n s u r a n c e , and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s -------------------------------------------------O th er s e l e c t e d b e n e f i t s -------------------------------------------------------------------------- — 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 T ab les: A v e ra g e hourly e a rn in g s: 1. B y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ----------— --------------------------------------------- 6 E a r n i n g s d is t r ib u t io n : 2. A ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s 6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- O c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s : 3. A ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ---------------------------------------------------------------------4. B y s i z e o f c o m m u n i t y -------------------------------------•------------------------------5. B y s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t --------------------------------------------------------------- 7 9 10 O c c u p a t io n a l e a r n i n g s : 6. U n ited S t a t e s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. E a s t C o a s t ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. W e s t e r n P e n n s y l v a n i a - W e s t V i r g i n i a ------------------------------------------9. M id w e s t I ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. M id w e s t I I -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. T e x a s —L o u i s i a n a G u lf C o a s t --------------------------------------------------------12. T e x a s In lan cU N orth L o u i s i a n a - A r k a n s a s --------------------------------------13. R o c k y M o u n t a i n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------14. W e st C o a s t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s : 15. M eth od o f w a g e p a y m e n t --------------------------------------------------------------16. S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s ----------------------------------------------------------------17. S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l p r a c t i c e s -----------------------------------------------------------18. P a i d h o lid a y s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------19. P a i d v a c a t i o n s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------20. H e a lth , i n s u r a n c e , and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s -------------------------------------21. O th er s e l e c t e d b e n e f i t s ----------------------------------------------------------------- 21 21 22 22 23 24 25 A p p en d ix es: A. B. S c o p e and m e th o d o f s u r v e y ---------------------------------------------------------- —O c c u p a t io n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ----------------------------------------------------------------- v 26 30 Industry Wage Survey--Petroleum Refining, December 1965 S u m m a ry S t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s o f p r o d u c t io n and r e l a t e d w o r k e r s in p e t r o l e u m r e f i n e r i e s a v e r a g e d $ 3 . 4 5 in D e c e m b e r 1965. A ll b u t 4 p e r c e n t o f the 7 3 , 3 1 8 w o r k e r s ( v i r t u a l l y a l l m e n ) c o v e r e d b y the B u r e a u ’ s s u r v e y 1 h a d e a r n i n g s b e tw e e n $ 2 . 50 and $ 4 an houx----the m i d d l e h a lf o f the w o r k e r s e a r n e d f r o m $ 3 . 22 to $ 3 . 72. R e g io n a ll y , 2 the h i g h e s t a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s , $ 3 . 5 8 an h o u r , w a s r e c o r d e d f o r the E a s t C o a s t . W o r k e r s in the T e x a s —L o u i s i a n a G u lf C o a s t r e g i o n , a t h ir d of the i n d u s t r y ' s w o r k f o r c e , a v e r a g e d $ 3 . 5 2 an h o u r — the s a m e a s w o r k e r s in the M id w e s t I r e g i o n , w h e r e o n e - s i x t h of the w o r k e r s w e r e e m p l o y e d . A verage e a r n i n g s in a l l b u t one (W e s t e r n P e n n s y l v a n i a - W e s t V i r g i n i a ) of the r e m a i n i n g r e g i o n s w e r e b e tw e e n $ 3 . 2 6 and $ 3 . 4 4 an h o u r. A m on g the o c c u p a t io n s s t u d ie d s e p a r a t e l y , s t i l l m e n ( c h ie f o p e r a t o r s ) w e r e the h i g h e s t p a i d , with a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s r a n g in g f r o m $ 3 . 8 3 to $ 3 . 9 1 d e p en d in g on the type of s t i l l . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s f o r the s e v e n s k i l l e d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s s t u d ie d s e p a r a t e l y r a n g e d f r o m $ 3 . 5 9 to $ 3 . 6 9 . L ab orers, n u m e r i c a l l y m o s t i m p o r t a n t of the s e l e c t e d j o b s , a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 74 an h o u r . P a i d h o l i d a y s and p a i d v a c a t i o n s , a s w e ll a s v a r i o u s t y p e s of h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n b e n e f i t s , w e r e a v a i l a b l e to v i r t u a l l y a l l p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s . In dustry C h a r a c t e r is t ic s P e t r o l e u m r e f i n e r i e s w ithin s c o p e o f the s u r v e y 3 e m p l o y e d 7 3 , 3 1 8 p r o d u c tion and r e l a t e d w o r k e r s in D e c e m b e r 1965— a d e c l in e in e m p l o y m e n t o f ab ou t 27 p e r c e n t s i n c e a s i m i l a r s u r v e y in J u l y 1959. 4 W hile the n u m b e r o f r e f i n e r i e s c o v e r e d by the two s t u d i e s r e m a i n e d a b o u t the s a m e , e m p l o y m e n t w a s down in o v e r f o u r - f i f t h s o f the 64 r e f i n e r i e s c o m m o n to both s u r v e y s a m p l e s . T he m e d i a n e m p l o y m e n t d e c l i n e a m o n g l a r g e r e f i n e r i e s (th o se with 1 , 0 0 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e in 1959) w a s 35 p e r c e n t , c o m p a r e d with 17 p e r c e n t f o r s m a l l e r r e f i n e r i e s . Output p e r p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r m a n - h o u r in the i n d u s t r y i n c r e a s e d n e a r l y 4 0 p e r c e n t b e tw e e n 1959 and 1964, the l a t e s t d a te f o r w h ich i n f o r m a t i o n i s a v a i l a b le. T he i n c r e a s e w a s a c c o m p a n i e d b y a d e c l in e of 17 p e r c e n t in p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r m a n - h o u r s and a 15 p e r c e n t g a in in output. C om p u ter con tro l, im p ro v e d i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n , and new p r o c e s s i n g t e c h n i q u e s , p a r t i c u l a r l y a m o n g l a r g e r p r o d u c in g r e f i n e r i e s , a r e a m o n g the f a c t o r s c o n tr ib u t in g to the i n d u s t r y ' s i n c r e a s e d p r o d u c t iv it y . 1 See appendix A for scope and method of study. Wage data presented in this bulletin exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 For definition of regions used in this survey, see table in appendix A. 3 Those with 100 workers or morej smaller refineries accounted for less than a tenth of the industry's labor force. * See Wage Structure: Petroleum Refining, July 1959 (BLS Report 158, 1960). 2 T e c h n o l o g i c a l c h a n g e s o v e r the p a s t 6 y e a r s h a v e a l s o a f f e c t e d the r e l a t i v e e m p l o y m e n t in c e r t a i n o c c u p a t i o n a l c a t e g o r i e s . F o r ex am p le, still w o rk e rs ( s t i l l m e n , a s s i s t a n t s , and h e l p e r s ) on v a r i o u s t y p e s of e q u ip m e n t t o g e t h e r c o m p r i s e d ab o u t o n e - t e n th of the p r o d u c t io n l a b o r f o r c e in 1959 c o m p a r e d with on efifth in 1965, with m o s t o f the r i s e t r a c e a b l e to i n c r e a s e s in the n u m b e r of w o r k e r s on c r a c k i n g e q u ip m e n t, o th e r than c a t a l y t i c . T h is d e v e l o p m e n t r e f l e c t s p a r t l y the u s e of new m e t h o d s of c r a c k i n g in the i n d u s t r y , in c lu d in g the i n t r o du c tio n in I9 6 0 of the h y d r o c r a c k i n g p r o c e s s , w h ich i s e x p e c t e d to r e p l a c e a s m u c h a s 10 p e r c e n t o f the i n d u s t r y ’s c a t a l y t i c c r a c k i n g c a p a c i t y by 1970. 5 S u b s t a n t i a l e m p l o y m e n t d e c l i n e s w e r e r e c o r d e d , on the o t h e r hand, f o r s o m e of the i n d u s t r y ' s r e l a t i v e l y low s k i l l e d j o b s , n o ta b ly l a b o r e r s (down n e a r l y o n e - h a lf ) and m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s h e l p e r s (down ab o u t t w o - t h i r d s ) . P r o d u c t s and P r o c e s s e s . G a s o l i n e (in c lu d in g naphtha) w a s the m a j o r p r o d u c t in r e f i n e r i e s e m p lo y in g m o r e than n in e - t e n t h s of the w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e of the s u r v e y . O th e r i m p o r t a n t p r o d u c t s of the i n d u s t r y in c lu d e d i s t i l l a t e fu e l o i l, r e s i d u a l fu e l o i l, l u b r i c a t i n g o i l, an d a s p h a l t . W e s t e r n P e n n s y l v a n i a —W est V i r g i n i a (a c c o u n tin g f o r l e s s than 3 p e r c e n t o f the i n d u s t r y ' s l a b o r f o r c e ) w a s the on ly r e g i o n in w hich m o r e than a tenth (58 p e r c e n t ) of the w o r k e r s w e r e in r e f i n e r i e s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g p r o d u c t s o t h e r than g a s o l i n e ( m o s t l y lu b ric a tin g o ils). T e c h n o l o g i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t in the r e fin in g of p e t r o l e u m h a s b e e n m a k in g s t e a d y p r o g r e s s s i n c e the in c e p tio n of the in d u s t r y . C h a r a c t e r i s t i c a l l y , p e t r o l e u m r e fin in g i s a r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e - s c a l e m a n u f a c t u r i n g o p e r a t i o n in w hich f l u i d s and g a s a r e p r o c e s s e d a lm o st ex c lu siv ely . F r o m the r e c e i p t of c r u d e o il to the s h ip m e n t of the f i n is h e d p r o d u c t , the flow of p r o d u c t io n is v i r t u a l l y c o n tin u o u s in c l o s e l y i n t e r r e l a t e d re fin in g u n it s . T h e s e f a c t o r s h a v e in flu e n c e d the high d e g r e e of d i v e r s i f i c a t i o n o f p r o d u c t and a u t o m a t io n in the in d u s t r y . L o catio n . F o u r - f i f t h s of the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s w e r e c o n c e n t r a t e d in fo u r r e g i o n s ; the T e x a s —L o u i s i a n a G u lf C o a s t r e g i o n a c c o u n t e d f o r o n e - t h i r d o f the w o r k e r s , the M id w e s t I an d the E a s t C o a s t e a c h e m p l o y e d ab o u t o n e - s i x t h , and s l i g h t l y m o r e than o n e - e i g h t h w e r e e m p l o y e d in the W e st C o a s t r e g i o n . Re f i n e r i e s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s 6 e m p l o y e d m o r e than f o u r - f i f t h s of the i n d u s t r y ’s w ork fo rc e . The p r o p o r t i o n s of w o r k e r s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s w e r e n in e - t e n t h s o r m o r e in fo u r r e g i o n s ; o n e - h a l f in the R o c k y M ou n tain r e g i o n ; t w o - f if t h s in the M id w e s t II r e g i o n ; ab o u t o n e - f ift h in the T e x a s Inland—N o r th L o u i s i a n a —A r k a n s a s r e g io n ; and l e s s than o n e -te n th in W e s t e r n P e n n s y l v a n i a —W est V i r g i n i a . S i z e of E s t a b l i s h m e n t . R e f i n e r i e s with a 1, 000 w o r k e r s o r m o r e e m p l o y e d a li t t le l e s s than h a lf of the i n d u s t r y ' s w o r k f o r c e . The p r o p o r t i o n s of w o r k e r s in s m a l l e r r e f i n e r i e s a m o u n te d to n e a r l y t h r e e - t e n t h s in the T e x a s —L o u i s i a n a G u lf C o a s t , o n e - t h i r d on the E a s t C o a s t , n e a r l y o n e - h a l f on the W e st C o a s t , ab ou t t w o - t h i r d s in the M id w e s t I, and n in e - t e n t h s o r m o r e in the o t h e r r e g i o n s . U n io n iz a t i o n . R e f i n e r i e s h a v in g l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s c o v e r i n g a m a j o r i t y of t h e i r w o r k e r s a c c o u n t e d f o r n in e - t e n t h s o r m o r e of the w o r k f o r c e in 6 of the 8 r e g i o n s ; in the M id w e s t II and E a s t C o a s t r e g i o n s , the p r o p o r t i o n s w e r e s l i g h t l y s m a l l e r (84 an d 87 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t i v e l y ) . The O il, C h e m ical and A t o m ic W o r k e r s I n t e r n a t io n a l Union w a s the m a j o r union in the in d u s t r y . A s u b s t a n t i a l n u m b e r of r e f i n e r i e s , p a r t i c u l a r l y on the E a s t C o a s t and the T e x a s — L o u i s i a n a G u lf C o a s t , h ad c o n t r a c t s with in d e p e n d e n t u n io n s. ^ Technological Trends in Major American Industries (BLS Bulletin 1474, 1966). The term "metropolitan area" as used in this bulletin, refers to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U. S. Bureau of the Budget through March 1965. 3 M eth od o f W age P a y m e n t , A ll of the w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y th is stu d y w e r e p a i d t im e r a t e s , n e a r l y a l w a y s u n d e r f o r m a l s y s t e m s p r o v i d i n g a s i n g l e r a t e f o r s p e c i f i c o c c u p a t io n s (ta b le 15). In a few i n s t a n c e s , h o w e v e r , r a n g e s of r a t e s w e r e a p p l i c a b l e ; in one r e g i o n (W e st C o a s t ) n e a r l y o n e -te n th o f the w o r k e r s w e r e p a i d r a t e s b a s e d on the q u a l i f i c a t i o n s of the in d iv id u a l e m p l o y e e . In a n u m b e r of r e f i n e r i e s the s a m e s i n g l e r a t e a p p l ie d to s e v e r a l o c c u p a t i o n s . In one r e f i n e r y , f o r e x a m p l e , one r a t e a p p l ie d to m o s t j o u r n e y m a n m a in t e n a n c e j o b s , and a n o th e r to a l l s t i l l m e n , r e g a r d l e s s of the type of s t i l l o p e r a t e d . A v e r a g e H o u r ly E a r n i n g s E a r n i n g s of the 7 3 , 3 1 8 p r o d u c t io n and r e l a t e d w o r k e r s within s c o p e o f the s u r v e y a v e r a g e d $ 3 . 4 5 an h o u r in D e c e m b e r 1965 7 (t a b le 1). R e g i o n a l l y , the h i g h e s t a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s w e r e r e c o r d e d f o r the E a s t C o a s t ( $ 3 . 5 8 ) . In both the T e x a s —L o u i s i a n a G ulf C o a s t and M id w e s t I r e g i o n s ( t o g e t h e r c o m p r i s i n g h a l f o f the i n d u s t r y ' s e m p lo y m e n t ) e a r n i n g s a v e r a g e d $ 3 . 5 2 . A v e ra g e e arn in g s in a l l but one of the r e m a in in g r e g i o n s w e r e b e t w e e n $ 3 . 26 and $ 3 . 4 4 an h o u r. E a r n i n g s of w o r k e r s in the W e s t e r n P e n n s y l v a n i a —W e st V i r g i n i a r e g i o n a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 6 0 an h o u r. In d iv id u al e a r n i n g s of a l l but 4 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w e r e w ithin a r a n g e o f $ 2 . 5 0 to $ 4 an h o u r ; e a r n i n g s o f the m id d le h a l f w e r e b e tw e e n $ 3 . 2 2 and $ 3 . 7 2 (tab le 2). V i r t u a l l y a l l o f the w o r k e r s in the W e s t e r n P e n n s y l v a n i a —W est V i r g i n i a r e g io n e a r n e d l e s s than $ 3 an h o u r , w h e r e a s a b o u t f o u r - f i f t h s o f the w o r k e r s o r m o r e in e a c h of the o t h e r r e g i o n s e a r n e d m o r e than t h is a m o u n t. O c c u p a t io n a l E a r n i n g s O c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s f o r w h ich a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s a r e p r e s e n t e d in t a b le 3 a c c o u n t e d f o r s l i g h t l y m o r e than t h r e e - f i f t h s of the p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by the stu d y . S t i l l m e n on v a r i o u s t y p e s o f e q u ip m e n t a v e r a g e d f r o m $ 3 . 8 3 to $ 3 . 91 an h o u r and w e r e the h i g h e s t p a i d w o r k e r s a m o n g the j o b s s t u d ie d s e p a r a t e l y . T hey a v e r a g e d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 30 c e n t s an h o u r m o r e than a s s i s t a n t s t i l l m e n ( $ 3 . 5 5 to $ 3 . 6 2 ) and ab ou t 40 to 50 c e n t s an h o u r m o r e than s t i l l m e n h e l p e r s ( $ 3 . 37 to $ 3 . 4 2 ) . E a r n i n g s of the s e v e n j o u r n e y m e n m a i n t e n an c e j o b s 8 s t u d ie d r a n g e d f r o m $ 3 , 5 9 f o r m e c h a n i c s to $ 3 . 6 9 f o r in s t r u m e n t rep airm en . M a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s h e l p e r s a v e r a g e d $ 3 . 0 7 an h o u r. Laborers, n u m e r i c a l l y the m o s t i m p o r t a n t j o b , a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 7 4 --- the s a m e a s the a v e r a g e record ed fo r ja n ito rs. P a r a f f i n p r e s s m e n (found a l m o s t e x c l u s i v e l y in the W e s t e r n P e n n s y l v a n i a —W est V i r g i n i a r e g io n ) h ad the lo w e s t a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s , $ 2 . 6 8 an h o u r. 7 The straight-time average hourly earnings in this bulletin differ in concept from the gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau’s monthly hours and earnings series ($3. 56 in December 1965). Unlike the latter, the estimates presented here exclude premium pay for overtime, and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Average earnings were calculated by summing individual hourly earnings and dividing by the number of individuals; in the monthly series, the sum of the man-hour totals reported by establishments in the industry was divided into the reported payroll totals. The estimate of the number of production workers within scope of the study is intended only as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. It differs from the number published in the monthly series (84,900 in December 1965) by the exclusion of establishments employing fewer than 100 workers and by the fact that the advance planning necessary to make the survey required the use of lists of establishments as sembled considerably in advance of data collection. Thus, establishments new to the industry are omitted, as are establishments originally classified in the petroleum refining industry but found to be in other industries at the time of the survey. Also omitted are refineries classified incorrectly in other industries at the time the lists were compiled. 8 Maintenance craft consolidation plans, which eliminate rigid lines of craft duties and use a team approach with individuals performing a variety of maintenance tasks, were reported by about an eighth of the 110 refineries visited during the survey. The 750 workers covered by such plans were not classifiable in the specific occupations for which separate earnings information was developed. 4 A m o n g the r e g i o n s , o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s w e r e u s u a l l y h i g h e s t in the E a s t C o a s t , p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r jo u r n e y m e n m a in t e n a n c e j o b s , s t i l l m e n an d a s s i s t a n t s t i l l m e n (ta b le 3). H o w e v e r , a s i l l u s t r a t e d in the fo llo w in g t a b u l a t io n , e a r n i n g s in the T e x a s —L o u i s i a n a G ulf C o a s t and M id w e st I r e g i o n s s o m e t i m e s e q u a le d o r e x c e e d e d the p a y in the E a s t C o a s t . A v e r a g e s in the W e s t e r n P e n n s y l v a n i a —W est V i r g i n i a r e g i o n w e r e g e n e r a l l y about 25 p e r c e n t b e lo w the n a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s . Average hourly earnings as a percent of nationwide average Occupation Maintenance: Electricians ------------------Helpers, trades---------------Instrument rep airm en -------Machinists---------------------Pipefitters---------------------Welders, h a n d --------- -----Processing: Stillmen, catalytic crackin g---------------------Stillmen, cracking, other than c a t a ly tic --------------Stillmen, straigh t-ru n -----Stillmen, combination u n its-------------------------Stillmen, assistant, catalytic cracking----------Stillmen, assistant, cracking, other than catalytic--------Stillmen, assistant, straight-run -----------------Laborers------------------------Pum pm en---------------------Other: Routine testers, laboratory — Truckdrivers------------------Jan ito rs------------------------- Western East Pennsylvania— Mid Mid Coast West Virginia west I west II 103 102 106 102 103 105 76 81 76 74 75 104 106 104 75 74 107 Texas InlandTexasLouisiana North Louisi Rocky Gulf Coast ana—Arkansas Mountain West Coast 96 103 96 98 98 98 101 98 98 100 101 100 98 100 _ - 99 97 95 96 100 99 102 98 99 98 101 95 98 93 95 96 96 102 102 102 101 102 101 95 93 95 94 91 93 102 96 103 102 99 96 92 102 - 95 90 104 96 104 105 _ 101 96 102 _ 98 98 105 76 100 96 102 95 _ 96 103 103 106 75 87 74 99 107 104 93 100 94 _ 99 103 93 99 91 96 100 95 96 101 92 103 100 104 74 79 77 97 101 102 94 94 95 106 106 100 90 94 91 91 97 93 95 96 103 NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported, or data that do not meet publication criteria. O c c u p a t io n a l p a y r e l a t i o n s h i p s a l s o v a r i e d s o m e w h a t b y r e g i o n (t a b le 3). A v e r a g e e a r n i n g s f o r l a b o r e r s , f o r e x a m p l e , w e r e s l i g h t l y b e lo w t h o s e f o r j a n i t o r s in t h r e e r e g i o n s ( E a s t C o a s t , T e x a s —L o u i s i a n a G u lf C o a s t , and W e s t C o a s t ) , w h e r e a s l a b o r e r s in the o t h e r r e g i o n s a v e r a g e d f r o m 4 to 13 p e r c e n t m o r e than jan ito rs. A v e ra g e earn in g s fo r p ip e f it t e r s , a n u m e ric a lly im p o rtan t m ain ten an ce jo b , e x c e e d e d t h o s e of j a n i t o r s b y 27 to 39 p e r c e n t a m o n g the r e g i o n s . In d iv id u a l e a r n i n g s o f w o r k e r s in the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e g e n e r a l l y c o n c e n t r a t e d w ith in c o m p a r a t i v e l y n a r r o w l i m i t s , ev en on a n atio n w id e b a s i s . F o r e x a m p l e , m o r e than t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f the 3 , 7 2 9 l a b o r e r s h a d e a r n i n g s within a 3 0 - c e n t r a n g e , $ 2 . 6 0 to $ 2 . 9 0 an h o u r; f o u r - f i f t h s o f the 3 , 5 6 9 p i p e f i t t e r s an d m o r e than n in e - t e n t h s of the 2 , 1 1 5 m a c h i n i s t s e a r n e d b e tw e e n $ 3 . 5 0 and $ 3 . 8 0 an h o u r . The c o n c e n t r a t i o n s w e r e m o r e a p p a r e n t in the r e g i o n s , w h e r e the e a r n i n g s o f a m a j o r i t y of the w o r k e r s in m o s t j o b s f o r w h ich d a t a a r e show n w e r e c l u s t e r e d w ith in r a n g e s o f 20 c e n t s an h o u r o r l e s s . T he w i d e s p r e a d u s e of s i n g l e - r a t e w a g e s y s t e m s c o n t r i b u t e s in p a r t to the c o m p a r a t i v e l y n a r r o w r a n g e of e a rn in g s fo r w o r k e rs p e rfo rm in g s im i la r t a s k s . 5 E s t a b l i s h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p l e m e n t a r y W age P r o v i s i o n s D a t a w e r e o b ta in e d on c e r t a i n e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s f o r p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s , in c lu d in g w o r k s c h e d u l e s , and sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s , and f o r s e l e c t e d s u p p l e m e n ta ry w age b en efits. S c h e d u le d W eek ly H o u r s and S h ift P r a c t i c e s . W ork s c h e d u l e s o f 40 h o u r s a w e e k w e r e in e f f e c t in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y in g v i r t u a l l y a l l the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ( t a b le 16). T he on ly e x c e p t io n w a s in the M i d w e s t I r e g i o n , w h e r e a s c h e d u l e o f 42 h o u r s a w e e k a p p l ie d to 10 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s . N e a r l y h a lf o f the i n d u s t r y ’ s p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s w e r e a s s i g n e d to r o t a t in g s h i f t s , a l m o s t a l w a y s u n d e r a r r a n g e m e n t s w h e r e b y i n d iv id u a ls w o r k e d d a y , e v e n in g , and n igh t s c h e d u l e s d u r in g a l t e r n a t i n g w e e k s ( t a b le 17). W o r k e r s on e v e n in g s c h e d u l e s t y p i c a l l y r e c e i v e d 8 c e n t s an h o u r , and t h o s e on n igh t s c h e d u l e s , 16 c e n t s an h o u r a b o v e d a y r a t e s . W o r k e r s on fix e d e x t r a s h i f t s a c c o u n t e d f o r l e s s than 2 p e r c e n t o f the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s . P aid H o lid ay s. P a i d h o lid a y s w e r e p r o v i d e d to w o r k e r s in a l l r e f i n e r i e s v i s i t e d (t a b le 18). T he m o s t c o m m o n p r o v i s i o n s in a l l r e g i o n s w e r e f o r 8 d a y s a n n u a lly ; h o w e v e r , o n e - f o u r t h o f the w o r k e r s in the E a s t C o a s t r e g i o n w e r e p r o v id e d 10 p a i d h o lid a y s o r m o r e . P a i d V a c a t i o n s . P a i d v a c a t i o n s ( a f t e r q u a lif y in g p e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e ) w e r e p r o v i d e d b y a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the s u r v e y ( t a b le 19). In a l l but one r e g i o n , ty p ical p r o v isio n s fo r paid v a catio n s w e re 2 w e e k s ’ p ay a fte r 1 y e a r of s e r v ic e , 3 w e e k s a f t e r 5 y e a r s , 4 w e e k s a f t e r 10 y e a r s , and 5 w e e k s a f t e r 20 y e a r s . V a c a t io n p r o v i s i o n s w e r e s o m e w h a t l e s s l i b e r a l in the W e s t e r n P e n n s y l v a n i a W e st V i r g i n i a r e g i o n . H e a lth , I n s u r a n c e , and R e t i r e m e n t P l a n s . L ife , h o sp italizatio n , s u r g ic a l, and m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e , f o r w h ich e m p l o y e r s p a i d a t l e a s t p a r t o f the c o s t , w e r e a v a i l a b l e to m o r e than n in e - t e n t h s o f the p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ( t a b le 20). A sim i l a r p r o p o r t i o n w e r e p r o v i d e d p a i d s i c k l e a v e ( m o s t l y fu ll p a y , no w a it in g p e r i o d ) . A c c i d e n t a l d e a th and d i s m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e w a s p r o v i d e d to a b o u t o n e - h a l f o f the w o r k e r s , an d c a t a s t r o p h e ( m a j o r m e d i c a l ) i n s u r a n c e , to s e v e n - t e n t h s . T h e in c i d e n c e o f s o m e o f t h e s e p l a n s v a r i e d c o n s i d e r a b l y , b y r e g i o n . C atas t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e , f o r e x a m p l e , a p p l i e d to a b o u t t w o - f if t h s o f the w o r k e r s in the E a s t C o a s t , c o m p a r e d w ith s e v e n - t e n t h s in T e x a s —L o u i s i a n a G u lf C o a s t , f o u r fifth s in M id w e s t I, an d v i r t u a l l y a l l in the M id w e s t II and R o c k y M o u n ta in r e g i o n s . R e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n p l a n s (o th e r than s o c i a l s e c u r i t y ) w h ich p r o v i d e r e g u l a r p a y m e n t s f o r the r e m a i n d e r o f the r e t i r e e ’ s l i f e , w e r e p r o v i d e d b y r e f i n e r i e s e m p lo y in g p r a c t i c a l l y a l l o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s . O th er S e l e c t e d B e n e f i t s . T h r i f t o r s a v i n g s p l a n s , f o r w h ich the e m p l o y e r m a d e m o n e t a r y c o n tr ib u t io n s b eyo n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e c o s t s , w e r e p r o v i d e d in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s with n e a r l y f o u r - f i f t h s o f the w o r k e r s (t a b le 21). P l a n t s e m p lo y in g s e v e n - t e n t h s o f the w o r k e r s h ad p r o v i s i o n s f o r s e v e r a n c e p a y . 9 F o r m a l p l a n s p r o v i d i n g p a y fo r f u n e r a l l e a v e and j u r y duty w e r e a v a i l a b l e to n e a r l y a l l p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s . 9 Pay to employees permanently separated from work through no fault of their own. Table 1. Average Hourly Earnings: 0) By Selected Characteristics (Num ber and average stra igh t-tim e hourly ea rn in g s1 of production w orkers in petroleum refin eries by selected c h a ra c te ristic s, United States and regio n s, D ecem b er 1965) Wes tern T exas— T exas In lan dRocky W est Pennsy lvania— M idwest II M idw est I Louisiana North Louisiana— Mountain Coast W est \Virginia Gulf Coast A rkansas Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number Average hourly of of hourly hourly - of of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly hourly of of hourly w orkers earnings workers earnings workers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings workers earnings w orkers earnings w orkers earnings UniLted Sta tes Item Ectst Co ast A ll w orkers 2 -------------------------- 7 3 ,3 1 8 $ 3 .4 5 1 1 ,0 6 6 $ 3 . 58 S ize of community: M etropolitan areas 3 ------------------N onm etropolitan areas —J--------- 6 0 ,2 1 0 1 3 ,1 0 8 3. 50 3. 23 9 ,9 2 9 - 3. 56 Size of establishm ent: 100—999 w o r k e r s -------------------------1 ,0 0 0 w orkers or m o r e ------------- 3 7 ,5 4 7 3 5 ,7 7 1 3. 39 3. 52 3, 779 7 ,2 8 7 3. 61 3. 56 1 ,9 8 3 $ 2 . 60 1 ,8 7 6 2. 60 - 1 ,9 8 3 2. 60 7 ,9 0 2 4, 739 12 ,6 4 1 $ 3 . 52 7 ,4 6 8 $ 3 . 26 24 ,4 8 1 $ 3 . 52 1 1 ,5 6 1 3. 53 2 ,9 8 3 4, 485 3. 30 3. 23 2 4 ,481 - 3. 52 6, 621 “ 3. 26 6, 893 1 7 ,5 8 8 3. 48 3. 54 " 3. 54 3. 49 " 3, 847 $ 3 . 26 2 ,0 6 6 $ 3 . 39 9 ,7 6 6 $ 3 . 44 3. 37 - 3. 44 3. 28 1 ,0 4 9 - 9 ,2 7 1 3 ,0 1 8 3 ,8 4 7 " 3. 26 2, 066 3. 39 4, 456 5 ,3 1 0 3. 43 3. 45 ■ 1 E xcludes p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. 2 V irtu ally all production w ork ers w ere men. 3 Standard M etropolitan S tatistical A r e a s as defined by the U. S. Bureau of the Budget through M arch 1965. N O TE : D ashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication crite ria . Table 2. Earnings Distribution: All Establishments (P ercen t distribution of production w orkers in petroleum refin erie s by average stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings, 1 United States and regions, D ecem ber 1965) A verage hourly ea rn in g s1 United States East Coast Under $ 2 .5 0 -------------------------------------- 1. 1 $2. $2. $2. $ 2. $2. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $2. $2. $2. $ 2. $3. 60 70 80 90 00 ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------ 1. 1. 3. 2. 3. 0 8 8 8 5 0. . 1. 2. 3. 2 9 8 9 1 $ 3. $3. $3. $3. $3 . 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 . 20 $ 3 . 30 $ 3 . 40 $ 3 . 50 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. 4. 6. 6. 8. 8 9 7 5 0 3. 5. 6. 3. 5. 2 3 1 5 6 $3. $ 3. $ 3. $3 . $3. 50 60 70 80 90 and and and and and under under under under under $3. $ 3. $ 3. $3. $4. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11. 15. 15. 5. 4. 4 6 7 3 4 9. 10. 23. 10. 4. 0 0 9 4 9 60 70 80 90 00 (2) W estern P ennsylvaniaW est Virginia M idwest I M idwest II Texas— Louisiana Gulf Coast Texas InlandNorth Louisiana— A rkansas Rocky Mountain 3 26. 9 0. 4 0. 6 0. 4 1. 5 1. 2 18. 27. 18. 4. 3. (2) . 1 1. 4 2. 1 2. 6 1. 2. 4. 7. 6. 0 3 9 5 0 . 1. 5. 1. 1. 6 7 3 7 8 1. 1. 4. 5. 4. 9 2 5 8 8 . 1. 1. 4. 2. 5 8 4 1 4 2 7 9 8 4 . 1 - _ . 1 - - W est Coast ( 2) ( 2) 0. 1 2. 1 1. 1 7. 0 3. 4. 5. 10. 5. 3 4 3 6 1 7. 10. 12. 10. 14. 2 7 3 0 3 5. 2. 3. 3. 7. 2 6 4 9 6 11. 9. 11. 9. 10. 2 5 6 1 2 2. 5. 8. 6. 23. 7 5 9 7 1 4. 5. 11. 8. 8. 7 3 9 3 4 15. 23. 7. 11. 6. 7 3 0 1 0 11. 3. 5. . 1. 6 9 5 9 1 6. 25. 21. 2. 7. 5 3 8 5 2 14. 3 1. 6 10. 5 1. 8 - 18. 6. 9. 6. . 8 6 6 5 2 20. 7. 16. 5. 1. 4 6 9 1 0 $ 4. 00 and o v e r ---------------------------------- 2. 6 9. 3 1. 5 . 4 2. 7 . 5 Total ----------------------------------------- 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Number of w ork ers -------------------------A verage hourly ea rn in g s1---------------- 73, 318 $ 3 . 45 1 1 ,0 6 6 $ 3 . 58 1, 983 $ 2. 60 12, 641 $ 3 . 52 7, 468 $3 . 26 24, 481 $3. 52 3, 847 $3 . 26 2, 066 $ 3 . 39 9, 766 $ 3 . 44 - 1 E xcludes p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 L e ss than 0. 05 percent. 3 W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 1 5. 8 percent at $2 . 40 to $2. 50; 9. 8 at $2 . 30 to $2 . 40; and 1. 3 percent at le ss than $2 . 30. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. - . 2 Table 3. Occupational Averages: All Establishments (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations in petroleum refineries, United States and regions, December 1965) United States Number of worker s M aintenance: C arpenters -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------E le c t r ic ia n s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------H elp ers, t r a d e s --------------------------------------------------------------------------Instrument rep airm en --------------------------------------------------------------M achinists -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------M echanics ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P ip e fit te r s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------W eld e rs, h an d -----------------------------------------------------------------------------P r o c e s s in g : Compounder s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------F ilt e r m e n --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------G a g e r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------L a b o r e r s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------L oad ers, tank cars or t r u c k s -------------------------------------------------Package f ille r s , m ach in e----------------------------------------------------------P r e ssm e n , p a ra ffin --------------------------------------------------------------------Pumpmen --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P um pm en 's h e lp e r s --------------------------------------------------------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), catalytic crack in g---------------------------------------------------------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), cracking, other than c a talytic-----------------------------------------------Stillm en (ch ief op erators), stra ig h t-r u n -------------------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), combination u n its ---------------------Stillm en, a ssista n t (assista n t operators), catalytic crack in g---------------------------------------------------------------------Stillm en, assista n t (assista n t operators), cracking, other than c a talytic-----------------------------------------------Stillm en, assista n t (assista n t operators), st r a ig h t -r u n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Stillm en, assista n t (assista n t operators), combination u n it s ---------------------------------------------------------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p era to rs' helpers), catalytic crack in g--------------------------------------------------------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (op erators' helpers), cracking, other than c a talytic-----------------------------------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p era to rs' helpers), str a ig h t-r u n -------------------------------------------------------------------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (operators* helpers), combination u n it s ---------------------------------------------------------------------T r e a te r s, light o i l s --------------------------------------------------------------------T r e a te r s ' h elp ers, light o i l s ---------------------------------------------------Inspection and testing: Routine t e s te r s , la b o ra to ry ------------------------------------------------------Recording and control: Stock clerk s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------M aterial m ovem ent: T r u ck d r iv er s2 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Light (under 1 V2 ton s)----------------------------------------------------------Medium (1 V2 to and including 4 t o n s )-------------------------------Heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer ty p e )-------------------T ru ck ers, power (fo r k lift)-------------------------------------------------------C ustodial: G u a r d s-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Jan itors------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------W atch m e n --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- E ast Coast A verage hourly earnings Number of w orkers 958 419 141 623 115 143 569 722 $3 . 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 64 65 07 69 67 59 62 64 100 178 203 167 199 285 341 210 307 119 659 3, 729 1, 065 367 35 1, 699 641 3. 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 52 14 46 74 23 00 68 60 39 996 1, 281 1, 493 687 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, A verage hourly earnings 72 77 14 92 75 75 74 84 12 18 73 17 18 48 41 62 14 _ 459 83 65 _ 246 3. 70 3. 87 _ 2. 81 3. 44 3. 03 _ 3. 80 _ 35 68 8 240 57 28 31 71 - 3. 86 163 4. 02 - 3. 85 3. 91 3. 83 236 245 86 4. 07 4. 08 4. 10 18 29 _ $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. W estern P en nsylvaniaW est Virginia Number A verage of hourly worker s earnings - $2. 68 2. 77 2. 50 _ 2. 80 2. 68 2. 67 2. 72 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 64 72 50 38 46 51 63 66 - 2, 90 2. 88 - M idw est I Number of w orker s 167 294 442 312 294 223 835 283 56 _ 90 545 289 37 _ 382 151 Midwest II A verage hourly earnings $3 . 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. Number of w orkers Average hourly earnings $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 45 47 01 45 49 38 46 48 63 61 12 63 62 64 56 68 60 105 212 105 122 99 219 170 3. 78 _ 3. 48 2. 92 3. 42 3. 29 _ 3. 76 3. 43 29 13 43 623 226 48 _ 215 67 3. 35 3. 45 3. 15 2. 74 3. 10 3. 06 _ 3. 39 3. 34 187 3. 92 125 3. 70 375 173 102 3. 91 3. 88 3. 99 233 111 99 3. 68 3, 58 3. 68 2, 090 3. 57 235 3. 76 - 490 3. 62 221 3. 43 2, 531 3. 55 289 3. 73 12 2. 70 906 3. 55 355 3. 41 2, 432 3. 62 419 3. 73 20 2. 71 213 3. 60 151 3. 35 1, 249 3. 57 - - 73 3. 77 172 3. 42 659 3. 38 59 3. 50 145 3. 48 98 3. 13 513 3. 42 73 3. 59 253 3. 49 " 649 3. 40 89 3. 45 155 3. 47 60 3. 14 671 513 228 3. 37 3. 63 3. 52 - 80 22 3. 79 3. 47 26 - 2. 7 2 - 127 135 70 3. 55 3. 76 3. 71 “ 62 24 " 3. 48 3. 27 2, 963 3. 48 529 3. 60 89 2. 58 416 3. 39 319 3. 27 713 3. 46 8 2. 52 154 3. 47 56 3. 13 176 84 " - 3. 27 3. 23 3. 18 85 18 51 " 35 3. 05 3. 00 3. 03 “ 3. 00 142 179 30 3. 13 2. 80 3. 01 34 79 26 2. 93 2. 60 2. 90 1, 397 124 326 96 244 632 762 96 - - - 99 3. 34 24 07 14 20 05 206 57 3. 25 3. 08 39 10 21 2. 56 2. 45 - 3. 05 2. 74 2. 79 135 88 3. 05 2. 86 - 2. 11 2. 36 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. " " 14 16 " See footnotes at end of table. -vl Table 3. Occupational Averages: 00 All Establishments— Continued (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations in petrdleum refineries, United States and regions, December 1965) Department and occupation M aintenance: C arp e n ters----------------------------------------------------------------E le c t r ic ia n s -------------------------------------------------------------H elpers, t r a d e s ----------------------------------- '-------------------Instrum ent r e p a ir m e n --------------------------------------------M a c h in ists----------------------------------------------------------------M e ch an ic s------------------------------------------------------------------P ip e fit te r s ----------------------------------------------------------------W e ld e rs, hand -----------------------------------------------------------P r o ce ssin g : Com pounders------------------------------------------------------------F ilt e r m e n ------------------------------------------------------------------G a g e r s -----------------------------------------------------------------------L a b o r e r s -------------------------------------------------------------------L oad ers, tank ca rs or t r u c k s ------------------------------Package f ille r s , m achine--------------------------------------P r e ssm e n , p a r a ffin ------------------------------------------------Pum pm en-------------------------------------------------------------------P um pm en 's h e lp e r s ------------------------------------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), catalytic crack in g-------------------------------------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), cracking, other than c a talytic---------------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), str a ig h t-r u n ----------Stillm en (chief op erators), combination units — Stillm en, assista n t (assistan t op erators), catalytic crack ing-------------------------------------------------Stillm en, assista n t (assista n t op erators), cracking, other than c a talytic---------------------------Stillm en, a ssista n t (a ssista n t op erators), stra igh t-ru n -----------------------------------------------------------Stillm en, assistan t (assista n t op erators), combination u n its -------------------------------------------------S tillm en 1s h elp ers (o p era to rs' h elp ers), catalytic crack in g-------------------------------------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p era to rs' h elp ers), cracking, other than ca ta ly tic ---------------------------S tillm en 's h elpers (o p era to rs' h elp ers), s tr a ig h t-r u n -----------------------------------------------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p era to rs' h elp ers), combination u n it s -------------------------------------------------T r e a te r s, light o i l s ------------------------------------------------T r e a te r s' h elp ers, light o i l s -------------------------------Inspection and testing: Routine te ste r s, la b oratory----------------------------------Recording and control: Stock clerk s --------------------------------------------------------------M aterial m ovem ent: T r u ck d r iv e r s2 ----------------------------------------------------------Ligh t(u n d er 1 Vz ton s)--------------------------------------Medium (1 V2 to and including 4 t o n s ) ----------Heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra ile r type) T ru ck ers, power ( fo r k lift)-----------------------------------Custodial: G u a r d s-----------------------------------------------------------------------Jan itors----------------------------------------------------------------------W atch m e n ------------------------------------------------------------------- Texas— Louisiana Gulf Coast Number A verage of hourly w orkers earnings 430 576 808 659 1004 293 1398 689 $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 69 72 12 77 70 63 70 69 27 46 96 44 33 86 84 70 91 16 350 1540 143 107 3. 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 70 69 50 72 38 06 39 112 131 - 3. 35 2. 72 3. 04 91 567 236 3. 70 3. 47 - 3. 97 - 220 3. 91 105 52 120 - 116 - 3. 98 $3 . 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 38 48 85 50 46 34 29 38 _ 263 Rocky Mountain Number of w orkers 19 39 52 54 29 55 107 78 8 - - W est Coast A verage hourly earnings $3 . 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. Number of w orkers A verage hourly earnings 55 51 16 54 60 51 53 58 143 163 255 274 417 537 181 3. 64 3. 65 3. 38 9 3. 39 - - $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 64 69 00 63 68 _ - - 115 72 - 2. 73 3. 30 - 95 64 59 2. 78 3. 15 2. 99 3. 29 - 73 - 3. 43 54 87 3. 31 3. 18 - 49 3. 79 3. 66 3. 51 3. 65 _ - 43 3. 85 60 31 121 3. 83 3. 81 3. 82 3. 49 27 3. 66 110 3. 50 117 - 144 3. 40 - 694 3. 63 - 662 3. 61 121 3. 39 - 54 3. 38 112 3. 49 125 3. 47 - 39 3. 55 457 3. 52 - - - 158 3. 68 - 208 3. 52 49 32 3. 43 - - - 258 3. 50 - - 28 3. 28 205 47 3. 33 3. 55 . _ 3. 02 3. 20 3. 41 - - - - 3. 80 3. 60 85 48 - 1142 3. 70 150 3. 13 112 3. 18 206 3. 29 330 3. 63 27 3. 16 14 3. 16 25 3. 24 445 83 69 3. 44 3. 11 3. 22 3. 04 2. 64 2. 99 3. 12 - 30 9 20 3. 15 3. 08 3. 18 324 3. 12 2. 76 2. 50 - 103 59 69 3. 14 92 6 38 17 - 266 290 3. 12 2. 75 33 27 - - 1 E xcludes p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes a ll d riv ers re g a r d le ss of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: Dashes T exas InlandNorth Louisiana— A rkansas Number A verage of hourly w orkers earnings indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. - - - - - 17 _ 2. 54 “ - 50 49 50 •68 " - 3. 19 3. 29 3. 01 ' 2. 81 Table 4. Occupational Averages: By Size o f Community (Number and average stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings1 of w orkers in selected occupations in petroleum refin eries in m etropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, United States and regions, Decem ber 1965) United States M e troN onm etropolitan politan areas areas A v e r Num - A verNumber age age ber hour ly of hourly of w ork- earn- w ork - ea rn ings ers mgs ers M ain tenan ce: C arpenters --------------------------------------------------------E le c t r ic ia n s ------------------------------------------------------H elpers, t r a d e s ------------------------ -----------------------Instrum ent r e p a ir m e n ------------------------------------M a c h in is ts ---------- ■ ----------------------------------------------M echanics - —- —------ ------ ----------—------- ------- . . . . . P ip e fit te r s ---------------------------------------------------------W e ld e rs, h an d --------------------------------------------------P r o ce ssin g : Compounder s -----------------------------------------------------G a g e r s ----------------------------------------------------------------L a b o r e r s ------------------------------------------------------------L oad ers, tank c a rs or t r u c k s -----------------------Package f ille r s , m achine-------------------------------P um pm en------------------------------------------------------------P um pm en 's h e lp e r s -----------------------------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), catalytic crack in g------------------------------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), cracking, other than catalytic -------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), s tra ig h t-r u n -----Stillm en (chief op erators), combination u n its ------------------------------------------Stillm en, assista n t (assista n t op erators), catalytic crack in g------------------------------------------Stillm en, a ssista n t (a ssista n t operators), cracking, other than c a talytic--------------------Stillm en, assista n t (assista n t operators), st r a ig h t -r u n ----------------------------------------------------Stillm en, a ssista n t (assista n t operators), combination u n it s ------------------------------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p era to rs' helpers), catalytic crack in g------------------------------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p era to rs' helpers), cracking, other than catalytic--------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (op era to rs' helpers), s tr a ig h t-r u n ----------------------------------------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p era to rs' helpers), combination u n it s ------------------------------------------T r e a te r s, light o i l s -----------------------------------------Inspection and testing: Routine t e s t e r s , la b oratory---------------------------Recording and control: Stock clerk s ------------------------------------------------------M aterial m ovem ent: T ru ck d rivers 2--------------------------------------------------Medium (1 7 2 to and including 4 tons)-----T ru ck ers, power (fo r k lift)----------------------------Custodial: G u a r d s ----------------------------------------------------------------J an itors---------------------------------------------------------------- 861 243 731 384 917 973 3, 125 1, 377 $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 66 69 10 72 68 64 64 69 97 176 410 239 198 170 444 345 244 581 2, 973 713 296 1, 354 556 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 66 50 77 30 07 68 40 63 78 756 352 71 345 85 2. 3. 2. 3. 2. 3. 3. 97 20 62 07 72 28 31 3 .9 2 300 3. 74 1, 1, 1, 1, 696 $3. 40 3. 44 2 .9 2 3. 52 3. 51 3. 33 3. 47 3. 46 72 76 14 95 73 75 71 84 11 18 71 17 16 44 41 $2. 68 2. 77 2. 50 2. 80 2 .6 8 2. 67 2. 72 161 281 340 273 271 223 829 255 $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 63 61 11 63 62 64 56 69 25 44 90 35 56 53 90 57 419 57 65 225 - 3. 70 _ 2. 80 3. 34 3. 03 3. 79 - 34 8 219 47 26 67 - 2. 64 2. 50 2. 38 2. 48 2. 51 2. 67 _ 52 87 506 283 37 349 137 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 80 48 92 43 29 78 46 134 4. 00 - 171 3. 92 96 157 183 136 162 276 241 167 62 . $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 137 217 4. 05 4. 08 3. 69 86 4. 10 - 3. 41 203 3. 77 - 15 304 93 24 96 - 3. 37 2. 80 3. 12 3. 14 3. 43 - 14 29 319 133 24 119 57 30 3. 70 95 - 90 4. 02 - - 449 3. 62 97 864 3. 55 182 3. 61 - 73 3. 77 - - 109 3. 52 - - - 205 3. 53 3. 41 - - 3. 87 _ 26 498 3. 60 99 3. 34 188 _ 57 3. 25 478 3. 89 209 3. 62 467 2, 061 3. 57 470 3. 45 176 3. 79 12 2. 70 2, 176 3. 65 256 3. 39 395 3. 74 20 2. 71 927 3. 59 322 3. 50 - - 508 3. 43 151 3. 21 51 3. 47 - 384 3. 46 129 3. 29 49 3. 53 515 3. 45 134 3. 20 77 520 338 3. 40 3. 73 151 175 3. 27 3. 43 35 2, 460 3. 56 503 3. 10 635 3. 51 78 3. 09 1, 166 230 225 3 .2 9 3. 22 3 .0 8 231 96 19 2 .9 7 2 .9 5 2. 72 2. 84 2. 49 35 61 122 70 66 46 129 113 3. 91 3. 87 1, 623 95 139 45 58 10 51 53 46 51 52 351 147 110 66 - 18 29 2. 90 2. 88 3. 89 3. 96 3. 09 2. 80 3. 75 3. 65 - 898 1, 270 537 623 383 223 W estern Texas In Texas— P en nsyl land-North Rocky W est M idwest I Louisiana M idwest II va n ia -W e st Louisiana— Mountain Coast Gulf Coast Virginia A rkansas M e tr o Nonm etro M e tro M e tro Nonm etro M e tro Nonm etro M etro M e tro politan politan politan politan politan politan politan politan politan areas areas areas areas areas areas areas areas areas Num - A v e r - Num A v e r Num A v e r Num A v e r Num A v e r Num A v e r Num A v e r Num A v e r Num A v e r ber ber ber ber ber ber age age ber age age age age ber ber age age age of hourly of hourly of hourly of hourly of hour ly of hourly hourly of hourly of hourly of w ork - ea rn - w ork earn w ork ea rn w ork earn w ork ea rn w ork earn w ork ea rn w ork earn w ork earn ers er s ers ers ers ings ings ings er s ings er s ings ings ers ers ings ings ings East Coast 3. 77 3. 69 - $3. 45 3. 40 2. 94 3. 42 3 .4 6 3. 28 3. 42 3. 46 430 576 808 659 1004 293 1398 689 $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 69 72 12 77 70 63 70 69 24 46 77 44 33 75 65 56 32 12 68 09 98 36 37 91 350 1540 143 107 567 236 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 70 50 72 38 06 70 47 33 73 99 _ 65 - 3. 70 263 3. 97 - 3. 3. 2. 3. 2. 3. 3. 150 61 3 .6 3 3. 50 220 - 11 _ 34 _ 29 $3. 47 _ 3. 16 _ 3. 49 134 163 255 253 417 _ 480 166 $3. 65 3 .6 9 3. 00 3. 64 3. 68 _ 3. 65 3. 66 3. 42 2. 64 3. 08 3. 34 - 49 31 33 - 2. 63 3. 24 3. 39 - 9 _ 95 64 59 54 87 3. 39 _ 2. 78 3. 15 2. 99 3. 31 3. 18 26 3. 76 43 3. 85 22 3. 59 60 31 3. 83 3. 81 19 3. 56 - 25 3. 57 117 - 3 .9 1 - 92 - 3 .7 1 3. 68 34 3. 63 116 3. 98 96 3. 44 124 3. 43 694 3. 63 - 160 3. 42 195 3. 40 662 3. 61 108 83 3. 41 68 3. 28 - - 45 3. 45 158 3. 68 - - 88 3. 13 208 3. 52 14 - - - 32 3. 43 - - - 41 48 86 50 46 38 35 45 $3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. - - - - 3. 49 - - 144 3. 40 - - - 125 3. 47 - - - 334 3. 55 - - - - - - - - 3. 38 3. 10 - 113 3. 53 - 51 3. 13 258 3. 50 - - - 28 3. 28 2. 72 115 135 3. 56 3. 76 14 3. 49 48 3. 48 103 3. 80 55 34 3. 26 3. 48 - - 35 3. 54 83 2. 59 383 3. 40 152 3. 38 167 3. 16 1142 3. 70 117 3. 16 64 182 3. 30 8 2. 52 144 3. 48 28 3. 16 28 3. 10 330 3. 63 22 3. 12 - 39 158 84 21 3. 28 3. 23 3. 18 28 19 - 3. 18 3. 18 - 57 32 - 2. 98 2. 94 - 445 69 69 3. 44 3. 22 3. 14 83 38 - 3. 02 2. 99 - 14 8 - 132 156 3. 14 2. 87 17 36 2. 99 2. 74 43 2. 48 266 290 3. 12 2. 75 33 27 2. 76 2. 50 7 3. 08 - 2. 56 - 3. 09 2. 83 14 _ 2. 11 - 83 50 $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. - - 3. 28 25 3. 24 3. 18 3. 26 - 324 50 50 3. 12 3. 19 3. 01 2. 59 68 2. 81 - 1 E xclud es p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. Includes a ll d riv ers regard le ss of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. (0 Table 5. Occupational Averages: By Size o f Establishment ( Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations in petrolum refineries by size of establishment, United States and selected regions, December 1965) United States E ast < Coast We stern P en nsylvaniaW est Virginia M idwest I 1 0 0-999 w orkers Number A verage of hourly w orkers earnings 10 0 -9 9 9 w orkers Number A verage of hourly w orkers earnings E stablishm ents with— Department and occupation Maintenance: C arp en ters_______________________________________________ E le c t r ic ia n s ____________________ __ H e lp e r s, t r a d e s ________________________________________ Instrument rep a irm e n . ... ............ M achin ists M ech anics _______________________________________________ P ip e fitte rs_______________________________________________ W e ld e r s, h and__________________________________________ P r o c e ssin g : Com pounders ___________________________________________ G a g e r s ___________________________________________________ L a b o r e r s _________________________________________________ L o a d e rs, tank c a rs or t r u c k s ________________________ Package f ille r s , m achine____________ ______________ P u m p m e n ________________________________________________ Pumpmen* s h e lp e r s____________________________________ Stillm en (chief o p erators), catalytic cracking_____________________________________ Stillm en (chief o p erators), crack ing, other than catalytic _____________________ Stillm en (chief op era to rs), stra ig h t-r u n ___________________________________________ Stillm en (chief o p erators), combination u n its _____________________________________ S tillm en , a ssistan t (assistan t o p erators), catalytic c r a c k in g _____________________ S tillm en , a ssistan t (a ssistan t op erators), cracking, other than catalytic _____________________ S tillm en , assistan t (assistan t op era to rs), stra ig h t-r u n ___________________________________________ S tillm en , a ssistan t (assistan t op era to rs), combination u n it s _____________________________________ Stillmen* s h elp ers (o p e r a to r s' h e lp e r s), catalytic c r a c k in g ____________________________________ Stillmen* s h elp ers (o p era to rs' h e lp e r s), cracking, other than catalytic _____________________ Stillmen* s h elp ers (o p era to rs' h e lp e r s), stra igh t-ru n ---------------------------------------------------------------Stillmen* s h elp ers (operators* h e lp e r s), combination u n its_________ T__________________________ T r e a te r s , light o i l s ____________________________________ Inspection and testing: Routine t e ste r s , la b oratory___________________________ R ecording and control: Stock c l e r k s ____________________________________________ M aterial m ovem ent: T ru ck d rivers 2 ----------------------------------- --------------------------Medium ( l 1/?. to and including 4 tons} ....... T r u ck e r s, power (forklift) _ ... C ustodial: Guards - --------------------------------------------------------------------------J a n it o r s _________________________________________________ See footnotes at end of table. 100-999 w orkers Number A verage hourly of w orkers earnings 1, 000 w orkers or m ore Number A verage of hourly earnings w orkers 1 0 0-999 w orkers Number A verage of hourly w orkers earnings 344 547 1,2 39 763 684 529 1 ,4 39 859 $ 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 57 58 05 61 62 51 57 57 614 872 902 860 1 ,4 31 614 2, 130 863 $ 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 67 70 09 77 69 66 65 71 44 48 61 146 58 150 314 1,9 8 3 868 115 1,0 3 2 424 3. 3. 2. 3. 2. 3. 3. 28 40 73 21 87 50 37 157 345 1 ,7 4 6 197 252 667 217 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 75 52 76 31 06 75 42 28 93 - 3.8 1 264 732 $ 3. 3. 3. _ 3. 3. 1 ,0 0 0 w orkers or m ore Number A verage of hourly worker s earnings 77 82 85 134 141 119 138 276 195 152 - 3. 54 2. 91 3. 78 - 34 366 42 58 201 - 4. 02 94 3. 92 69 4. 15 92 4. 14 - 45 74 77 77 893 3. 80 388 3. 97 144 4. 02 705 3. 79 788 4. 02 133 4. 04 578 3. 78 109 4. 08 - 1,2 3 4 3. 53 856 3. 64 186 1 ,0 38 3. 48 1 ,4 9 3 3. 59 - 1,0 2 3 3. 54 1 ,4 0 9 3. 68 138 1,0 0 5 3. 53 244 3. 70 - 519 3. 35 140 3. 48 25 368 3. 42 145 3. 41 - 491 3. 37 158 3. 48 49 537 376 3. 36 3. 56 134 137 3. 41 3. 80 - 1,5 7 6 3. 32 1, 387 3. 66 214 278 3. 33 435 3. 54 27 672 204 54 3. 07 3. 13 2. 88 725 122 190 3. 39 3. 14 3. 10 109 - 253 303 2. 91 2. 65 379 459 3. 15 2. 80 40 33 - 3. 58 34 3. 43 $ 3 .7 3 3. 78 3. 13 3. 98 3. 74 3. 75 3. 73 3. 85 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. - 84 78 35 03 80 12 18 73 17 18 48 41 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 68 77 50 35 8 240 57 28 71 - 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. - 64 50 38 46 51 66 - 3. 78 68 65 13 65 68 67 66 70 61 369 230 257 116 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 158 3. 92 3. 89 - 58 90 44 72 47 18 2. 90 284 2. 88 162 3. 88 91 4. 01 3. 77 $ 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 29 336 3. 65 12 2. 70 265 3. 60 20 2. 71 204 3. 60 69 3. 78 121 3. 47 186 3. 55 - - 3. 44 - 128 3. 47 2. 72 97 100 3. 56 3. 77 89 2. 58 257 3. 43 8 2. 52 93 3. 52 39 10 - 3. 39 - - 2. 56 2. 45 - 82 38 - 3. 27 3. 29 - 95 55 3. 11 2. 84 14 2. 11 77 101 3. 09 2. 71 40 3. 47 21 3. 96 26 3. 47 315 3. 69 3. 28 72 3. 36 3. 13 _ - 97 2. 93 2. 89 - 80 68 67 72 83 143 379 208 104 171 336 217 - Table 5. Occupational Averages: By Size o f Establishment— Continued (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations in petrolum refineries by size of establishment, United States and selected regions, December 1965) Midwest II T exas InlandNorth Lou isian a Arkansas Texas—Louisiana Gulf Coast Rocky Mountain West Coast Establishm ents with— 100-999 w orkers Number of w orkers M aintenance: C arpenters _ .. E le ctricia n s H e lp e r s, tra des . Instrum ent repairm en M achin ists M ech anics .... ...... P ip efitters W e ld e r s, hand P r o ce ssin g : Compounders __ _ ___ . G a g e r s ________________________ _____________________________ L ab orers. L o a d e rs, tank c a rs or trucks . . .... _ Package f ille r s , m achine Pum pm en _ _ ... . _ Pumpmen* s h elp ers . ... . ....... Stillm en (chief op era to rs), catalvtic cracking .... _ .......................... Stillm en (chief op era to rs), crack ing, other than catalytic Stillm en (chief op era to rs), straight - ru n ................ .......................... ........................ ................ Stillm en (chief o p erators), combination units . S tillm en , assista n t (assistan t op era to rs), catalytic cracking ____ S tillm en , assista n t (assistan t op erators), cracking, other than c atalytic________________________ S tillm en , assista n t (assistan t op erators), stra igh t-ru n _ S tillm en , assistan t (assistan t op erators), combination units . S tillm en 's h elp ers (op erators' h elp ers), catalytic cracking_______________________________________ S tillm en 's h elp ers (op erators' h elp ers), crack ing, other than catalytic________________________ Stillmen* s h elp ers (operators* h elp ers), stra igh t-ru n _ Stillmen* s h elp ers (operators* h elp ers), combination units __ _ T r e a te r s , light o ils _ ______ Inspection and testin g: Routine t e s t e r s , laboratory Recording and control: Stock c lerk s M aterial m ovem ent: T ru ck d rivers 1 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------M edium (lV;> to and including 4 tons) T r u c k e r s, power (forklift) Custodial: G u a rd s______________________________________________________ Janitors ___ ____ . . . 49 95 207 92 109 79 201 156 21 29 528 215 40 199 67 1 ,0 0 0 w orkers or m ore 1 0 0-999 w orkers A verage hourly earnings $ 3 .4 6 3 .4 6 3. 01 3. 45 3. 50 3. 37 3 .4 6 3. 48 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. Number of w orkers A verage hourly earnings 69 104 340 149 159 57 209 146 $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 32 12 74 10 05 39 34 . 138 462 83 _ 246 106 _ 3. 2. 3. _ 3. 3. 70 46 Number of w orkers $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 69 72 13 79 70 62 70 69 27 46 96 44 33 86 84 70 $3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 73 212 1 ,0 7 8 60 103 321 130 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 74 54 72 36 06 70 47 _ 39 112 131 _ 91 _ 3. 2. 3. _ 3. _ _ _ 3. 70 113 3. 94 150 3. 99 3. 68 48 3. 87 172 3. 92 95 3. 56 121 3. 93 _ 99 3. 68 108 3. 98 _ 200 .3. 45 234 3. 62 460 3. 64 _ 624 3. 61 _ 38 48 85 50 46 34 29 38 35 72 04 29 _ Number of w orkers 19 39 52 54 29 55 107 78 8 _ 115 72 _ 73 _ 49 100-999 w orkers A verage hourly earnings $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. Number of workers 55 51 16 54 60 51 53 58 70 _ 30 160 172 _ 308 93 3. 38 _ 2. 73 3. 30 _ _ _ 64 39 3. 43 50 83 _ 3. 79 _ Average hourly earnings $3. _ 3. 3. 3. _ 60 12 60 64 3. 61 3. 62 _ _ 2. 81 3. 17 _ 3. 30 3. 18 _ _ 47 3. 81 _ 23 3. 80 105 3. 66 52 3. 51 _ 120 3. 65 27 3. 66 _ 110 3. 50 82 3. 46 113 3. 34 _ 3. 41 _ 121 3. 39 _ 114 3. 35 129 3. 56 _ _ 54 3. 38 112 3. 49 109 3. 46 172 3. 42 130 3. 68 _ _ _ 39 3. 55 402 3. 51 98 3. 13 140 3. 52 68 3. 52 3. 02 _ _ _ _ 60 3. 14 _ 75 3. 52 _ . . 58 . 3. 48 _ 39 _ 3. 73 _ 64 _ 3. 85 85 48 3. 20 3. 41 _ _ 253 3. 26 393 3. 52 749 3. 80 150 3. 13 112 44 3. 16 56 3. 46 274 3. 66 27 3. 16 14 77 47 3. 05 3. 03 58 19 3. 28 3. 47 387 _ 68 3. 47 _ 3. 14 92 38 3. 04 2. 99 30 20 215 250 3. 16 2. 76 33 27 2. 76 2. 50 _ - 34 65 . . 2. 93 2. 57 _ 51 40 _ 2. 94 2. 73 _ 49 _ _ _ _ 321 . _ 100-999 w orkers A verage hourly earnings 361 472 468 510 845 236 1, 189 543 121 Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. 44 71 39 10 0-999 w orkers A verage hourly earnings 213 1 E xcludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays and late shifts. 2 Includes a ll d r iv e r s reg a rd le ss of size and type of truck operated. NOTE: 70 71 12 71 70 69 67 69 Number of w orkers _ _ _ 17 _ _ _ 34 3. 53 3. 18 108 3. 27 3. 16 9 3. 14 3. 15 3. 18 185 28 3. 00 3. 26 _ _ 2. 54 _ _ _ _ " - Table 6. Occupational Earnings: United States 10 (Distribution of workers in selected occupations in petroleum refineries by straight-time hourly earnings,1 December 1965) Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings 1 of— Departm ent and occupation A ll production w o r k e r s --------------------------Maintenance: C arpenters ______________________________________ E le c t r ic ia n s -------------------------------------------------------H elp e rs, t r a d e s ------------------------------------------------Instrum ents r e p a ir m e n ----------------------------------M a c h in ists---------------- ---------------------------------------M echanics ----------------------------------------------------------P ip e fit te r s -------------------------------------- ----------------W e ld e r s, hand__________________________________ P ro ce s sing: C o m p o u n d ers----------------------------------------------------F ilte r m e n ________________________________________ G a g e r s -----------------------------------------------------------------Lahore r s ________________________________________ L o a d e rs, tank ca rs or t r u c k s -----------------------Package f ille r s , machine ------------------------------P r e s s m e n , paraffin ----------------------------------------P u m p m e n -----------------------------------------------------------P u m pm en 's h e lp e r s -----------------------------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), catalytic c ra ck in g -----------------------------------------------------------Stillm en (chief op era to rs), cracking, other than c a ta ly tic --------------------------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), stra ig h t- run ----------------------------------------------------Stillm en (chief o p erators), combination u n its-------------------------------------------S tillm en , a ssistan t (assistant o p erators), catalytic c r a ck in g -------------------S tillm en , assistan t (assistant op erators), cracking, other than c a ta ly tic --------------------S tillm en , assistan t (assistan t op era to rs), stra igh t-ru n ---------------------------------------------------S tillm en , a ssistan t (assistant op era to rs), combination u n its-------------------------------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p e r a to r s' h e lp e r s), catalytic c r a c k in g -----------------------------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p e r a to r s' h e lp e r s), cracking, other than catalytic --------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p era to rs' h elp er s), stra igh t-ru n ------------------------------- ----------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p e r a to r s' h elp er s), combination u n its-------------------------------------------T r e a te r s, light o i l s -----------------------------------------T r e a te r s 'h e lp e r s , light oils -------------------------Inspection and testing: Routine te s t e r s , lab oratory---------------------------Recording and control: Stock c le r k s -------------------------------------------------------M aterial m ovem ent: T r u ck d riv ers 2 ---------------------------------------------------Light (under lV2 tons) --------------------------------Medium (lV 2 to and including 4 t o n s ) ___ Heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra ile r ty p e )-------------------------------------------------------------T ru ck ers, pow er (fo r k lift)-----------------------------C ustodial: G u a r d s-----------------------------------------------------------------J a n it o r s --------------------------------------------------------------W atch m en ------------------------------------------------------------ $2.30 $2.40 Number Average hourly Under and of w orkers earn ings 1 $2.30 under $2.40 $2.50 73, 318 $ 3 . 45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2 . 9 0 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 ove r 703 1342 2420 2057 2530 3514 3580 4903 4739 5893 8348 11471 11523 3919 3237 1934 4 417 14 14 5 3 531 4 24 31 39 61 47 77 190 28 48 _ 190 33 38 69 90 2 471 16 5 14 . 24 32 _ 74 34 _ _ 108 _ _ . 51 and 119 251 435 2 1 37 - 3 46 3 3 18 3 4 26 5 3 - 1 31 9 106 22 958 1,4 19 2, 141 1, 623 2, 115 1, 143 3, 569 1 ,7 22 $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 64 65 07 69 67 59 62 64 - - 307 119 659 3, 729 1, 065 367 35 1, 699 641 3. 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 52 14 46 74 23 00 36 172 27 14 20 476 19 4 8 - 4 14 - 6 60 39 - 146 4 - 33 - 19 - 996 3. 86 - - - - - - - 281 3. 85 - - - - - - 5 1,4 9 3 3. 91 - - - - - - 16 13 687 3. 83 - - - - - 8 - 8 - - 4 14 24 47 090 3. 57 - - - - - 24 - 8 - 17 77 336 201 205 2, 531 3. 55 - - - - 8 4 - - 3 13 195 470 282 213 2, 432 3. 62 - - - - 12 12 - - 6 11 74 195 167 1, 249 3. 57 - - - - 8 8 - - 4 11 - 128 659 3. 38 - - - - - 10 - - 48 71 108 69 513 3. 42 - - - - - 2 - 4 37 48 109 32 649 3. 40 - - - - - 14 - 3 35 76 56 69 671 513 228 3. 37 3. 63 3. 52 - - - - 13 1 - 13 - 2 12 2 2 3 - - 38 4 - 148 42 42 230 71 3 2, 963 3. 48 1 2 16 16 47 20 28 43 166 178 280 395 1, 2, 68 8 2 8 1 6 6 12 1 713 3. 46 - - 3 4 1, 397 124 326 3. 24 3. 07 3. 14 - - 17 9 1 10 - 7 - 96 244 3. 20 3. 05 - - - 8 11 - 632 762 96 3. 05 2. 74 2 . 79 1 28 7 7 29 42 - 22 8 1 Excludes p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, 2 Includes all d riv ers regard le ss of size and type of truck operated. $4.00 1 1 21 9 22 88 16 8 and late shifts. 12 2 2 83 7 4 47 - 8 7 1 2 16 8 3 418 5 5 - 33 - 2 10 12 20 37 4 1556 3 - - - 12 17 39 2 8 22 15 18 19 26 25 187 . 308 356 293 637 235 348 401 487 695 263 1159 616 5 12 8 _ 141 _ 9 2 66 25 242 28 85 151 30 37 _ 132 24 108 40 36 18 195 24 130 5 129 140 131 _ 150 _ _ 90 177 _ 347 24 319 9 88 8 1 4 829 48 48 5 4 262 28 60 - 27 114 168 109 4 12 2 - 29 23 168 39 89 65 8 - 8 - - 8 43 61 13 8 - - 16 48 25 74 8 - - 1 50 46 60 21 1 8 133 34 _ 80 156 310 658 _ 380 905 355 1121 495 75 _ 27 _ 56 12 6 21 10 8 9 18 _ _ 167 . . _ _ _ _ 237 _ . _ _ _ 32 _ 242 148 325 153 215 328 381 168 82 245 718 254 24 157 173 64 164 655 467 92 8 - 985 294 51 13 - 194 337 1361 59 4 - 347 119 239 314 71 - . 150 103 35 65 - - - 37 156 - 88 - - - 181 95 42 78 - - - 125 16 45 109 8 83 28 57 24 84 - 20 27 84 54 349 342 445 213 81 68 273 22 6 _ _ 4 _ 11 - - 4 27 38 47 58 91 114 140 73 19 44 18 32 6 2 14 202 224 6 1 6 213 _ 50 38 6 7 4 3 59 13 308 49 95 130 4 181 9 24 _ 9 _ _ . _ . _ _ . _ - - 4 34 17 107 11 78 51 - _ _ . - 3 - _ . . . _ . . - 35 155 41 108 202 10 1 163 1 4 27 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 60 19 10 - 16 - - - - - - - - 1 8 242 3 1 43 74 2 13 Table 7. Occupational Earnings: East Coast (Distribution of workers in selected occupations in petroleum refineries by straight-time hourly earnings,1 December 1965) Number of w orkers receiving stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 of— Departm ent and occupation A ll production w ork ers -----------------------Maintenance: C arpenters ---------------------------------------------------E le c t r ic ia n s -------------------------------------------------H e lp e r s, tr a d e s ------------------------------------------Instrum ent r e p a irm e n -------------------------------M a c h in ists----------------------------------------------------M echanics ----------------------------------------------------P ipefitte r s ----------------------------------------------------W e ld e r s, hand---------------------------------------------P r o c e ssin g : C o m p o u n d er s------ ,---------------------------------------F ilt e r m e n -----------------------------------------------------L a b o r e r s -------------------------------------------------------L o a d e rs, tank cars or tr u c k s -----------------Package f ille r s , m achine--------------------------P u m p m e n -----------------------------------------------------Stillm en (chief o p era to rs), catalytic c ra ck in g -----------------------------------------------------Stillm en (chief op era to rs), cracking, other than catalytic----------------------------------S tillm en (chief o p erators), stra ig h t- run ----------------------------------------------Stillm en (chief op era to rs), combination u n its-------------------------------------S tillm en , assistan t (assistan t o p erators),catalytic c r a c k in g --------------S tillm en , a ssistan t (assistant operators), cracking, other than c a ta ly tic -----------------------------------------------------S tillm en , assistan t (assistant op era to rs), s t r a ig h t -r u n -----------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (op erators ' helpers), catalytic c r a c k in g -----------------------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p e r a to r s' helpers), cracking, other than catalytic----------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p e r a to r s' helpers), stra igh t-ru n ---------------------------------------------T r e a te r s, light o i l s -----------------------------------T r e a te r s ' h e lp e r s, light o i l s -----------------Inspection and testing: Routine te s te r s , la b o r a t o r y --------------------Recording and c on troll: Stock C lerk s ------------------------------------------------M aterial m ovem ent: T ru ck d rivers 23 --------------------------------------------Tru ck, pow er ( f o r k lift)----------------------------C ustodial: G u a r d s-----------------------------------------------------------Janitors --------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 Number Average hourly of Unde r w orkers earnings 1 $ 2 . 70 11, $ 2 . 70 $ 2 . 80 and under $ 2 . 80 $ 2 . 90 $2. 90 $ 3. 00 $ 3 . 10 $3. 20 $ 3 . 30 $ 3 . 40 $ 3 . 50 $ 3 . 60 $ 3 . 70 $ 3 . 80 $ 3 . 90 $ 4 . 00 $ 4 . 10 $ 4 . 20 $ 4 . 30 $ 3 . 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3 . 20 $ 3 . 30 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 . 50 $ 3. 60 $ 3 . 70 $ 3 . 80 $ 3 . 90 $ 4 . 00 $ 4 . 10 $ 4 . 20 $ 4 . 30 over 544 425 446 102 53 2 32 _ 74 34 _ _ _ _ _ 51 _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ 5 _ _ - _ _ 32 _ _ - 2 8 _ . - . _ . _ . _ _ _ - . _ _ - and 127 204 318 338 358 584 676 386 619 992 1106 2640 1148 72 77 14 92 75 75 74 84 - - - - - - 68 101 - - - - 34 - - 7 - 13 30 30 29 9 72 85 99 45 138 276 195 98 _ 35 25 _ - 70 87 81 44 03 80 3 - - 207 - 31 4 5 - 2 8 8 _ 5 - 21 6 10 . _ 30 15 _ 4 39 15 _ 14 - 19 - - 7 13 - 12 - 9 15 - 36 88 9 . . _ 16 163 4. 02 - - - - - - - - - - 16 16 9 25 16 55 26 236 4. 07 - - - - - - - - - - - 16 47 5 4 164 - 245 4. 08 - - - - - - - - - - - - 26 5 102 11 2 - 86 4. 10 - - - - - - - - - - 16 - - 5 - 17 48 235 3. 76 - - - - - - - - - - 32 145 50 8 - - - 066 $ 3 . 58 100 $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 62 14 459 83 65 246 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 178 203 167 199 285 341 210 201 - 10 22 8 21 11 16 6 22 289 3. 73 - - - - - - - 17 - - 96 112 51 13 - - - 419 3. 73 - - - - - - - 4 - - 20 349 42 4 - _ - 59 3. 50 - - - - - - - 11 14 26 - 8 - - - - - 73 3. 59 - - - - - - - - 17 32 - 24 - - - - - - 89 80 - - - - - - 33 7 3 - 14 - 42 - 14 4 7 - 13 - _ _ - 6 27 5 12 22 3. 45 3. 79 3. 47 4 - _ - 529 3. 60 - - - - - 22 28 68 77 85 70 105 12 9 25 8 7 13 99 3. 34 - - - - 5 18 19 6 38 13 - - - - - - - - 206 57 3. 25 3. 08 - - - 14 8 1 117 42 38 - 11 - - - 32 - - - _ - _ - - _ - 135 3. 05 2 . 86 - - 20 15 76 5 - - - - - - - - - - 44 2 11 ■ ~ ~ ■ " - " " 88 3 21 Excludes prem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes all d riv ers regard less of size and type of truck operated. A ll w ork ers w ere at $ 2 . 60 to $ 2 .7 0. - 1 14 - 10 19 ■ - _ Table 8. Occupational Earnings: Western Pennsylvania—West Virginia (Distribution of w orkers in selected occupations in petroleum refin eries by stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings, Decem ber 1965) 1 Number of w orkers receiving straight--time hourly earnings Number of workers Departm ent and occupation A ll production w ork ers ........... . Maintenanc e: Carpenters __ ________________ _______________________ E le ctrician s H elp e rs, trades ______________________________________ M achin ists _____________________________________________ M echanics ... ..... ........ _ P ip efitters ____ ... . .. ......... . _ W e ld e r s, hand P ro ce ssin g : Compounders ___ .... ...... F ilterm en G agers L ab ore rs L o a d e rs, tank ca rs or trucks _________,_____________ Package f i lle r s , machine _ ....... P r e ssm e n , paraffin ......... . Pumpmen _ __ _ Stillm en (chief op era to rs), crack ing, other than catalytic Stillm en (chief o p e r a to r s), straight-run _________ S tillm en , a ssista n t (as sistant o p e r a to r s), cracking, other than catalytic S tillm en , a ssista n t (as sistant o p e r a to r s), straight-run _________________________________________ T r e a te r s , light oils . ...... Inspection and testing: Routine t e s t e r s , laboratory ________________________ Recording and control: Stock clerk s ___________________________________________ M aterial m ovem ent: T ruck drivers 23 M edium (1 V2 to and including 4 tons) Custodial: Janitors ________________________________________________ Watchm en ___ ... . 1 2 3 1, 983 12 18 73 17 18 48 41 35 68 8 240 57 28 31 71 18 29 A verage hourly earnings 1 $ 2 . 60 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 68 77 50 80 68 67 72 2. 64 2. 72 2. 50 2. 38 2 . 46 2. 51 2. 63 2 . 66 Under '$ 2 . 30 $ 2 . 60 $ 2 . 70 $ 2 . 80 $ 2. 90 $ 3. 00 $ 2. 50 $ 2 . 60 $ 2. 70 $ 2 . 80 $ 2. 90 $ 3. 00 over and 313 . - . - - - 8 8 - of— $ 2. 50 194 127 - 1 $ 2. 40 27 360 549 2 1 27 _ - 3 46 - 3 3 3 26 5 3 - 6 6 3 374 96 67 12 2 2 _ - 8 1 7 16 33 2 - _ _ _ 5 _ - 37 3 _ - - 4 1 31 2 10 2 5 3 22 1 27 12 10 14 4 14 6 8 - 33 19 8 7 4 2 , 90 - - - - - - 2 . 88 - - - - - - 8 4 - - 12 8 13 13 16 16 47 7 3 4 1 8 1 . 5 5 _ _ - 5 16 13 13 12 2. 70 20 2. 71 2. 72 - - - 89 2. 58 1 2 8 2. 52 39 2. 56 2. 45 - - 17 - - _ - 10 8 - 14 - - - - - 2 . 11 35 4 . - _ - 2. 36 - 5 16 - - 26 10 14 16 E xcludes p rem iu m pay for ove rtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. Includes a ll d riv ers r eg a r d le ss of siz e and type of truck operated. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 1 at $ 1. 30 to $ 1. 40; 4 at $ 1. 60 to $ 1. 70. $ 2 . 30 and under $ 2 .4 0 3 . 1 - _ _ - - Table 9. Occupational Earnings: Midwest I (Distribution of workers in selected occupations in petroleum refineries by straight-time hourly earnings, 1 December 1965) Departm ent and occupation A ll production w ork ers __________________ M aintenance: C arpenters ________________________ __________ E le ctrician s ___________________________________ H e lp e r s, trades _______________________________ Instrum ent rep airm en ________________________ M achin ists _____________________________________ M ech anics _____________________________________ ..... P ip efitters W e ld e r s, hand ____________________ __________ P ro ce ssin g : Com pounders ____________________________ ___ G age rs _ _______________________________________ L a b o re rs __ __________________ ________ ___ L o a d e rs, tank ca rs or trucks ______________ Package fille r s , m achine _________________ Pum pm en ______________________________________ P um pm en 's h elpers Stillm en (chief op era to rs), catalytic cracking ______________________________________ Stillm en (chief o p erators), cracking, other than catalytic S tillm en (chief op era to rs), straight-run ___ Stillm en (chief op era to rs), combination units _________ ________________________________ S tillm en , assistan t (assistan t operators), catalytic cracking __________________________ S tillm en , assistan t (assistan t operators), cracking, other than catalytic S tillm en , assistan t (assistan t operators), stra igh t-ru n S tillm en , a ssistan t (assistan t operators), combination units S tillm e n 's h elp ers (o p era to rs' h elp ers), catalytic cracking S tillm e n 's h elp ers (op erators' h elp ers), crack ing, other than catalytic S tillm e n 's h elp ers (op erators' h elp ers), stra igh t-ru n S tillm e n 's h elp ers (op erators' h elp ers), com bination units T r e a te r s , light oils T r e a te r s ' h e lp e r s, light o i l s __ ____________ Inspection and testing: Routine te s t e r s , lab oratory ________________ Recording and control: Stock clerk s _ r_ . M aterial m ovem ent: T ru ck d rivers 23 M edium ( 1 V2 to and including 4 tons) __ T r u c k e r s, power (forklift) __________________ Custodial: Guards _ ._ .. Janitors W atchm en ____ 1 2 3 Number of w ork ers A ver age hourly earn ings 1 Number of w orkers receiving stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings Under $ 2. 70 of— $ 2 . 80 $ 2. 90 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3. 20 ' $ 3. 30 $ 3. 40 $ 3. 50 $ 3. 60 $ 3. 70 $ 3. 80 $ 3. 90 $ 4 . 00 $ 2. 90 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 $ 3. 40 $ 3. 50 $ 3. 60 $ 3. 70 $ 3 . 80 $ 3. 90 $ 4 . 00 over 2945 886 1406 755 189 - and 12, 641 $3. 52 71 172 268 323 411 560 675 1346 651 167 294 442 312 294 223 835 283 $ 3 .6 3 3. 61 3. 12 3. 63 3. 62 3. 64 3. 56 3. 6 8 - 54 - - 181 46 82 84 168 4 28 28 13 - 21 - - - - - - - _ 6 _ _ - - - 145 5 - - 29 3 12 - 189 183 6 2 _ _ - - 6 - - 225 - - 9 12 41 33 38 69 74 _ _ - 70 76 52 128 - - 56 90 545 289 37 382 151 3. 78 3 .4 8 2. 92 3 .4 2 3. 29 3. 76 3 .4 3 - 1 10 - 9 17 21 21 _ 26 4 30 16 16 26 55 14 23 24 42 _ 19 - _ _ _ - - - 79 216 - 4 168 6 - - - - - 58 16 3 - - - - - - - - - 30 8 - 31 - 1983 .........If 100 - 38 54 101 26 385 168 22 20 4 28 - 2 10 _ _ _ _ - 8 - 12 _ _ _ 16 24 26 9 118 98 16 - - - 187 3. 92 - - - - - - - - - - 8 - 64 107 8 375 173 3. 91 3. 8 8 - - - - - - - - - - 16 164 81 195 60 - 28 - 4 102 3. 99 - - - - - - - - - - - - 47 37 18 490 3. 62 - - - - - 12 12 58 8 37 183 142 38 - 906 3. 55 - - - - - - - 265 16 40 571 14 - - 213 3. 60 - - - - - - 12 8 16 25 119 16 17 _ 73 3. 77 - - - - - - - - - 4 - 32 37 145 3 .4 8 - - - - - 10 - 34 31 46 - 24 - - 253 3. 49 - - - - - 16 37 32 - 104 - 64 - - 155 3 .4 7 - - - - - 16 - 42 8 65 - 24 - - 127 135 70 3. 55 3. 76 3. 71 - - - - - - - - 94 8 6 - - - - - 34 25 4 4 - - - - - - - - 12 18 16 45 24 42 - - - 416 3 .3 9 - - - 4 32 - 57 96 96 124 7 - - - 154 3 .4 7 - - - 1 20 10 2 24 7 46 12 - 32 - 176 84 - - - - 4 4 63 45 16 6 89 25 4 4 - - - _ _ _ 21 3. 27 3. 23 3. 18 - - - - 8 - 13 - - - - - - - 142 179 30 3. 13 2 . 80 3. 01 2 _ - 27 1 - - - - _ _ 10 26 36 4 70 332 8 21 - - - _ _ _ " “ " “ " “ " 6 “ 80 " - _ 8 - 4 16 “ E xclud es p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes a ll d riv ers regard less of size and type of truck operated. W o r k e r s w ere distributed as follow s: 15 at $ 1. 90 to $ 2; 12 at $ 2. 30 to $ 2. 40; 3 at $ 2. 40 to $ 2. 50; 2 at $ 2. 50 to $ 2. 60. 1 $ 2. 70 and under $ 2 . 80 Table 10. Occupational Earnings: Midwest II (Distribution of workers in selected occupations in petroleum refinerie.s by straight-time hourly earnings,1 December 1965) Number of w orkers receiving stra igh t-tim e hourly earn ings 1 Departm ent and occupation A ll production w ork ers -------------------------------Maintenance: C arpenters -----------------------------------------------------------E le c t r ic ia n s ----------------------------------------------------------H elpers, t r a d e s ---------------------------------------------------Instrument r e p a ir m e n ----------------------------------------M a c h in ists-------------------------------------------------------------M e ch an ics--------------------------------------------------------------P ip e fit te r s ---------------------------- --------------------------------W e ld e rs, hand------------------------------------------------------P ro ce ssin g : Compounders -------------------------------------------------------F ilte r m e n --------------------------------------------------------------G a g e r s -------------------------------------------------------------------L a b o r e r s ---------------------------------------------------------------L oad ers, tank ca rs or t r u c k s --------------------------Package f ille r s , m achine----------------------------------P um pm en---------------------------------------------------------------P u m pm en 's h e lp e r s --------------------------------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), catalytic c rack in g---------------------------------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), cracking, other than catalytic ----------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), s tr a ig h t-r u n -------------------------------------------------------Stillm en (chief op erators), combination u n it s ---------------------------------------------Stillm en, a ssistan t (assistant op erators), catalytic c r a c k in g ----------------------Stillm en, a ssista n t (a ssistan t op erators), cracking, other than catalytic ----------------------Stillm en, a ssista n t (assistan t op erators), s tr a ig h t-r u n -------------------------------------------------------Stillm en, a ssista n t (assistan t o p erators), combination u n it s ---------------------------------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p era to rs' h elp ers), catalytic crack in g---------------------------------------------S tillm en 's h elp ers (o p era to rs' h elp ers), s tr a ig h t-r u n -------------------------------------------------------T r e a te r s, light o i l s --------------------------------------------T r e a te r s' h elp ers, light o i l s ---------------------------Inspection and testing: Routine te ste r s, laboratory -----------------------------Recording and control: Stock c l e r k s ----------------------------------------------------------M aterial m ovem ent: T ru ck d rivers 23 ----------------------------------------------------Light (under 1 V2 tons) ---------------------------------Medium (1 V2 to and including 4 t o n s ) ------T ru ck ers power (forklift) ---------------------------------Custodial: G u a r d s -------------------------------------------------------------------Janitors -----------------------------------------------------------------W atch m en --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 Number of workers 7, 468 A verage $ 2 . 50 hourly Under and earnings 1 $2. 50 under $ 2 . 60 $3. 26 $ 2. 60 $2 . 70 $ 2 . 80 $ 2 . 90 43 71 169 364 560 - 18 - 99 219 170 45 47 01 45 49 38 46 48 - - - 29 13 43 623 226 48 215 67 3. 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 35 45 15 74 10 06 39 34 26 - _ 54 - - 125 3. 70 - 3. - 105 122 233 68 $ 2 . 80 $ 2. 90 $3 . 00 $3 . 10 6 - 00 $ 3 . 10 448 538 3 24 - $3 . 101 3 - - 188 - _ 234 9 14 - 23 4 12 2 1 - - - - - - - - - 121 17 - $3. 20 $ 3 . 30 $ 3 . 40 0 f— $ 3 . 50 $3 . 60 $ 3 . 70 $ 3 . 80 $3 . 90 $4. 00 20 $3 . 30 $ 3 . 40 $3 . 50 $ 3 . 60 $3 . 70 $3 . 80 $ 3 . 90 $ 4. 00 796 915 747 1066 865 293 414 64 83 32 2 2 3 56 3 4 7 14 9 - - - - - - - - - - - 10 - 22 11 9 50 30 57 10 4 2 22 14 9 24 26 48 59 37 85 53 4 4 17 7 16 9 9 36 30 4 3 33 - 15 - 10 13 17 16 20 102 37 2 39 over 1 - - - 6 20 28 5 29 3 53 15 49 4 - - - - - - 26 37 49 - 5 8 - - - - 16 32 12 32 116 - 25 - 17 24 24 10 1 6 8 22 1 12 10 3. 58 - - - - - - - - - 1 40 - 5 3. 68 - - - - - - - - 4 - - 12 - 83 - - 22 1 3. 43 - - - - - - - - 24 63 73 61 - - - - 355 3. 41 - - - - - - - 8 82 83 120 62 - - - - 151 3. 35 - - - - - - 6 6 40 49 37 13 - - - - 172 3. 42 - - - - - - 4 - - 102 21 45 - - - - - 98 3. 13 - - - - - - 29 41 28 - - - - - - - - 60 62 24 3. 14 3. 48 3. 27 - - - - 3 3 - 22 22 8 11 8 4 - - 5 18 - 2 12 3 - 6 - 15 - - 4 - - 319 3. 27 - - - - 1 27 56 47 83 19 59 4 - - - - 23 56 3. 13 - - - - 1 18 7 9 9 9 8 4 - - - - - 85 18 51 35 3. 3. 3. 3. - - 3 3 - 2 2 12 15 22 - - 12 15 17 -> - - 9 9 - - - 5 - - 17 4 9 18 - - - - - 34 79 26 2. 93 2 . 60 2. 90 9 " 5 31 “ 7 17 12 10 - - - - - - - - - “ ~ “ 111 99 05 00 03 00 - 3 14 ~ 8 8 - - 9 4 - - - - 8 10 “ Excludes p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes a ll d riv ers r e g a r d le ss of size and type of truck operated. W ork ers w ere distributed as fo llo w s : 6 under $ 1 .7 0 ; 2 at $2 to $ 2 .1 0 ; 2 at $ 2. 20 to $ 2. 30; and 4 at $ 2. 30 an $ 2. 40. $3. and $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 60 105 212 $ 2 . 70 2 " - Table 11. Occupational Earnings: Texas—Louisiana G ulf Coast (Distribution of w orkers in selected occupations in petroleum refin eries by stra igh t-tim e hourly earn ings, Departm ent and occupation A ll production w orkers Maintenance: Carpenters E lectrician s H elp e rs, trades _____________________ Instrum ent rep airm en . . M achin ists .. . __ ......... M ech anics ____________________________ P ip efitters . _ _ ...... W e ld e r s, hand _______________________ P roce ssin g : Compounders _ __ F ilterm en G a g e r s __ ____________________________ L ab orers _ _ _ L o a d e rs, tank ca rs or trucks _____ Package f ille r s , m achine _________ Pumpmen _ _ P um pm en 's h elp ers _ _ ... Stillm en (chief op erators), catalytic cracking __ Stillm en (chief op erators), crack ing, other than catalytic __ Stillm en (chief op erators), combination units Stillm en, assista n t (assistant o p era to rs), catalytic cracking Stillm en , assista n t (assistant o p era to rs), crack ing, other than catalytic _________ __________________ S tillm en , assista n t (assistant o p era to rs), combination units __ S tillm en 's h elp ers (op erators' h e lp e r s), catalytic cracking _____ S tillm en 's h elp ers (op erators' h e lp e r s), crack ing, other than catalytic S tillm en 's h elp ers (op erators' h elp ers), stra igh t-ru n .. .. T r e a te r s , light oils .. T r e a te r s ' h e lp e r s, light oils Inspection and testing: Routine t e s t e r s , laboratory ._ Recording and control: Stock clerk s _ M aterial m ovem ent: T ru ck d rivers 12 _ ______ Light (under l 1/?tons) ___ M edium ( 1 V2 to and including 4 tons) ___________________________ T r u c k e r s, power (forklift) ____ Custodial: Guards ___ __ ___ ____________ _____ ____ Janitors ______________________________ N um ber of w orkel s A verhourly earn - D ecem ber 1965) Numbe r of w orkers receiving stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings $2. $ 2 . 60 60 ~ $ 2. 70 $ 2. under $ 2 . 70 $ 2 . 80 " $ 2. 80 $ 90 “ $ 3. 00 $ 3 . 10 2 . 90 2 4 ,4 8 1 $3.52 247 408 1303 405 435 430 576 808 659 1,0 0 4 293 1, 398 689 $3.69 3.72 3.12 3.77 3.70 3.63 3.70 3.69 - - 16 _ - - 99 - 91 16 350 1, 540 143 107 567 236 3.70 3.69 3.50 2.72 3.38 3.06 3.70 3.47 4 93 - 313 - 4 961 _ _ _ 115 18 - 34 _ 36 - 263 3.97 - - - - 220 3.91 - - - - 116 3.98 - - - 694 3.63 - - 662 3.61 - 158 3.68 - 208 3.52 - 1 of— 1 $ 3 . 10 $ 3 . 20 $ 3. 30 $ 3 . 40 $ 3. 50 - - - - - - - - - $ 3. 20 $ 3 . 30 $ 3. 40 $ 3. 50 $ 3. 60 $ 3 . 70 $ 3. 80 $ 3 . 90 $ 4 . 00 $ 4 . 10 1263 645 844 956 1868 1581 6187 5331 601 1753 - _ - 48 _ _ _ 99 92 225 153 _ 228 391 150 607 347 157 4 20 _ 227 514 44 682 2 74 _ _ _ 124 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 3 5 3 3 4 _ _ 47 _ - 207 _ - _ 24 _ _ - _ _ _ _ 2 22 . 7 123 269 _ 58 _ 16 _ _ _ 238 _ 20 20 _ _ 106 _ 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 3. 00 221 212 8 _ 4 4 _ 102 64 _ 4 47 _ $ 3 . 60 T 3 7 70" $ 3 . 80 ' $ 3 . 90 ~~$4. 00 '$ 4 . 10 $ 4 . 20 $ 4 . 30 - and 20 $ 4 . 30 over 290 127 37 200 _ _ _ 46 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 _ _ _ . 10 _ _ _ _ _ 41 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ $4. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 20 _ 26 _ 1 7 _ _ 13 13 _ 33 25 13 4 145 _ 52 5 . 54 - - - - _ _ _ _ 16 32 175 16 16 . 8 - _ - _ _ _ _ _ 12 52 156 _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 15 65 _ _ 8 - - - - - 66 4 28 404 180 4 _ . _ _ - - - - - - - 92 58 60 284 168 - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ . _ 2 _ 18 72 66 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 15 6 88 31 35 33 _ _ _ _ _ - 12 21 6 8 _ _ _ _ 32 3.43 - - _ - - _ _ 12 _ _ 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 258 103 59 3.50 3.80 3.60 - - - - - 3 _ - _ _ - _ _ - 16 3 42 21 4 36 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ . 4 11 25 _ 8 . _ _ _ _ 6 42 33 _ 6 152 _ _ 1, 142 3.70 - - - - - 27 20 11 77 90 1 19 365 108 69 59 69 70 17 41 330 3.63 - - - - - _ 2 8 36 65 79 59 19 12 18 6 7 5 14 445 83 3.44 3.11 - - _ - _ - 4 4 110 73 36 8 9 _ - 4 4 56 - 181 . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 69 3.22 3.14 - - - - - 22 8 _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ 3 _ - 9 1 30 65 266 290 3.12 2.75 17 53 151 61 10 6 77 13 26 136 ■ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ ' ~ _ _ “ ■ “ - - - 6 39 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes all drivers regardless of size and type of truck operated. 1 - - - | _ Table 12. Occupational Earnings: Texas Inland—North Louisiana—Arkansas 00 (Distribution of w orkers in selected occupations in petroleum refin eries by straight-tim e hourly earnings, Departm ent and occupation A ll production w orkers ._ ._ .. _ . . .. .. Maintenance: C arpenters . . ... .. ___ ... .. . . . .. E le ctrician s _________________________________________ H elp e rs, trades ........................ .. .... _ . Instrum ent rep airm en ..................... _ _ _ M achin ists . .. ........... _ M ech anics ............. .. ... . . _ ..... ..... . ... P ip efitters ___________________________________________ W e ld e r s, hand ______________________________________ P rocessin g : G agers ________________________________________________ L ab orers _____________________________________________ L o a d e rs, tank cars or trucks ____________________ Pumpmen ____________________________________________ Stillm en (chief o p erators), crack ing, other than catalytic .......... . __ ..... ........... . ........ _ Stillmen (chief o p e r a to r s !, stra iph t-ru n .. . Stillm en (chief op erators), combination u n its__ S tillm en , a ssistan t (assistan t op erators), crack ing, other than catalytic _________________ S tillm en , a ssistan t (assistan t op erators), stra igh t-ru n _______________________________________ S tillm en 's h elpers (op erators' h elp ers), catalytic cracking ________________________________ S tillm en 's h elp ers (op erators' h elp ers), combination units _________________________________ T r e a te r s , light oils ________________________________ Inspection and testing: Routine t e s t e r s , laboratory ;______________________ Recording and control: Stock clerk s . __ . .. .. M aterial m ovem ent: T ru ck d rivers 34 . . .. . . . . . . . Light (under 1V2 tons) ............ . ...... ..... . M edium ( 1 V2 to and including 4 tons) ._ __ . Heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra iler typ e )_____________________________________ Custodial: Guards ________________________________________________ Janitors ______________________________________________ 1 2 3 4 N um - A ver- of w orkel S hourly TTnrle-r earn $ 2 .4 0 ings 3, 847 27 46 96 44 33 86 84 70 39 112 131 91 105 52 $3. 26 $3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 38 48 85 50 46 34 29 38 3. 2. 3. 3. 35 72 04 29 Number of w orkers receiving $ 2. 40 $ 2 . 50 $ 2 . 60 under $ 2. 50 $2. 60 " $ 2. 70 29 74 48 - - - 5 - - - 13 - - - - 29 - 10 8 $ 2 . 90 2 . 90 $ 3. 00 $ 3. 10 $ 3 . 20 $ 3. 30 173 222 184 431 364 7 - 26 - 30 - 4 17 - 3 4 2 8 21 8 - 14 15 2 - 2 10 12 3 4 18 39 16 17 5 - 10 1 - 14 - 20 25 - 50 - - - - - 8 8 1 - 12 $ 2 . 80 $ $ 2. $ 3. 00 D ecem ber 1965) stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings 80 6 $ 3 . 10 $ 3. 20 ' $ 3. 30 12 of— $ 3. 40 $ 3 . 50 - $ 3 . 40 $ 3. 50 $ 3 . 60 $ 3. 70 447 350 392 550 4 - - 8 4 17 5 16 12 1 4 4 3 5 - 10 8 . 14 18 - - 6 28 1 - - - $ 3. 60 $ 3 . 70 $ 3. 80 $ 3. 90 $ 3. 80 $ 3. 90 over 63 403 70 4 7 _ - . - . - 10 8 24 _ - 7 - 13 6 16 24 5 29 35 - 48 15 23 28 16 _ - 2 1 120 121 3. 39 - - - - - - - 3 5 34 1 58 17 3 - - 54 3. 38 - - - - - - - - 5 - 24 14 9 2 - - 49 3. 02 - - - - 10 - - 19 20 - - - - - - - 85 48 3. 20 3. 41 - - - - 1 - 38 4 16 2 - 30 - - 12 12 4 - 5 5 4 150 3. 13 - - - - 13 12 6 31 30 27 13 8 10 - - - 27 3. 16 - - - - - - 4 4 5 12 - - 2 - - - 92 3. 04 2. 64 2 . 99 - - 1 1 4 4 12 49 25 13 - 4 - 1 - - 2 - - - - - - 4 4 - 2 38 - - - - 17 3. 12 - - - - - - 4 - 13 - - - - - - - 33 27 2. 76 2. 50 49 - 16 9 4 - - 13 - - - - - - - - ■ ~ " ~ 6 " 1 8 1 1 ' - 8 " " and 18 - 17 28 23 30 30 25 3. 6 6 3. 51 3. 65 E xcludes p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. A ll w orkers w ere at $ 4 to $ 4 . 10. Includes a ll d riv ers r e g a rd le ss of size and type of truck operated. W o rk ers w ere distributed as follow s: 2 at $ 1. 60 to $ 1. 70; and 7 at $ 2. 30 to $ 2. 40. $ 2. 70 1 2 16 ' Table 13. Occupational Earnings: Rocky Mountain (Distribution of workers in selected occupations in petroleum refineries by straight-time hourly earnings,1 December 1965) D epartm ent and occupation A ll production w ork ers __________________ M aintenance: C arpenters _____________________________________ E le ctrician s .... ................... H elp e rs, trades Instrum ent rep airm en _ ............ . M achinists ... . .... . M echanics .. .. ... _ P ip efitters ........ W e ld e r s, hand . ............ P rocessin g : Compounders ............... L ab orers .. . . . . L oa d e rs, tank cars or trucks _______________ Pumpmen . . . . . Stillm en (chief o p erators), catalytic cracking . Stillm en (chief op era to rs), combination units ________ _ ______ S tillm en , assista n t ^assistant op erators), catalytic cracking _ _____ ..... . .. Stillm en , assista n t (assistant operators), stra igh t-ru n Stillm en , assistan t (assistan t op erators), combination units ............. Inspection and testing: Routine t e s t e r s , laboratory Recording and control: Stock clerk s . . .. M aterial movem ent: T ru ck d rivers 2 . . Light (under l 1/? tons) ____ .. . M edium ( 1 V2 to and including 4 tons) __ Custodial: Janitors 1 2 3 Number of workers 2 , 066 19 39 52 54 29 55 107 78 A verage hourly earnings $ 3 . 39 $ 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 55 51 16 54 60 51 53 58 Number of w orkers receiving stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings 1 2. 50 and under $ 2 . 60 $ 2 . 70 24 11 - $ 2. 70 $ $ 80 37 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ Under $ 2 . 50 - $ $ 3 . 00 $3. $ 2 . 90 $ 3. 00 $ 3 . 10 28 85 49 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $3. 1 20 $ 3. 30 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3. 5(T $ 3. 20 $ 3 . 30 $ 3 . 40 $ 3 . 50 55 1 14 184 139 _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 22 22 _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ _ 12 _ _ 14 _ _ _ _ 23 10 $ 3 . 70 $"3. 80 $ 3 . 90 2. $ 3. 60 $ 3 . 70 $ 3 . 80 $ 3 . 90 over 477 389 136 199 135 - _ 2 8 4 14 1 1 6 6 _ _ _ _ _ 19 15 15 23 25 3 12 12 3 5 5 9 27 30 _ 20 2 _ _ _ 28 52 18 4 4 23 9 4 36 9 _ - _ 9 _ _ _ 32 _ _ 49 3. 79 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 3. 66 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 3. 50 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 52 _ _ 8 _ 48 56 17 8 12 _ _ _ 39 18 3. 38 2. 73 3. 30 3 .4 3 11 0 3. 60 115 72 73 8 of— and 12 11 2 3. 49 - - _ _ _ _ 39 3. 55 _ _ _ _ _ _ 112 3. 18 _ _ _ _ 15 6 14 3. 16 _ _ _ _ 3 30 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 4 20 3. 15 3. 08 3. 18 1 4 16 17 2. 54 34 2 5 6 - " - Excludes p r r x r -,m pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, h olidays, and late shifts. Includes a ll d riv ers regard le ss of size and type of truck operated. W ork ers w ere distributed as follow s: 3 at $ 2 to $ 2 .1 0 ; and 1 at $ 2 .2 0 to $ 2 .3 0 . . 80 2 . 90 2 _ 20 19 18 12 2 3 3 1 20 1 1 1 4 7 2 10 4 22 8 27 8 10 14 3 19 2 3 3 - - - - - - - Table 14. Occupational Earnings: W est Coast 8 (Distribution of workers in selected occupations in petroleum refineries by straight-time hourly earnings, 1 December 1965) Number of w orkers receiving stra igh t-tim e hourly earnings Departm ent and occupation A ll production w ork ers ___________________ Maintenance: C arpenters _ E le ctrician s ____________________________________ H elp e rs, trades _______________________________ Instrum ent rep airm en ________________________ M achin ists ______________________________________ P ip efitters . W e ld e r s, hand _ P roce ssin g : Compounders __ _ L ab orers _ __ L oad ers, tank ca rs or trucks _______________ Package f i lle r s , machine Pumpmen _______________________________________ P um pm en 's h elp ers ___________________________ Stillm en (chief op erators), catalytic cracking _ ___ Stillm en (chief o p erators), cracking, other than catalytic ________________________________ Stillm en (chief o p erators), s t r a ig h t -r u n __ Stillm en (chief op erators), combination units ___________________________________________ Stillm en, assistan t (assistant op erators), catalytic cracking Stillm en , assista n t (assistant op erators), crack ing, other than catalytic Stillm en , a ssistan t (assistant op erators), stra igh t-ru n _ _ _ Stillm en , assistan t (assistant op erators), combination units ____________________________ S tillm en 's h elp ers (op erators' h elp ers), stra igh t-ru n __________________________________ S tillm en 's h elpers (op erators' h elp er s), combination units ____________________________ T r e a te r s , light oils ___________________________ Inspection and testing: Routine t e s t e r s , la b o r a t o r y __________________ Recording and control: Stock clerk s -------- -------------------------------------------M aterial m ovement: T ru ck d rivers 3 ________________________________ M edium (IV 2 to and including 4 tons) __ Heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra iler ty p e )-----------------------------------------------T r u ck e r s, power (forklift) _________ _______ Custodial: Janitors ____________________ ____________ ___ 1 2 3 Number of w orkers 9, 766 A verage hourly earnings 1 $ 3 . 44 $ 2. 70 $ 2. 70 $ 2. under $ 2 . 80 $ 2. of— $ 3. 10 $ 3. 20 $ 3 . 30 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 . 50 $ 3 . 60 $ 3. 70 $ 3. 80 $ 3. 90 $ 3. 10 $ 3. 20 - 90 $ 3. 00 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3. 50 ■ $ 3. 60 $ 3. 70 $ 3. 80 $ 3. 90 over 162 815 820 1 ,9 8 8 740 1 ,6 5 0 495 113 69 24 154 16 34 30 92 90 36 58 105 90 239 195 73 - - - - - - - 13 $ 2. 90 $ 3. 30 19 20 2 103 686 458 515 - - - 188 - 52 - - 15 - - - - 65 - 4 - - 48 - - 3 - 8 12 20 4 34 48 1, 143 163 255 274 417 537 181 $3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 64 69 00 63 9 95 64 59 54 87 3. 2. 3. 2. 3. 3. 39 78 15 99 31 18 43 3. 85 - - - - - - - - - - - 22 8 60 31 3. 83 3. 81 - - - - - - - - - - - 23 23 37 III 3. 82 - - - - - - - - - - - 51 66 117 3. 49 - - - - - - 8 17 53 17 22 - - 144 3. 40 - - - - - - 79 12 22 - 31 - - 125 3. 47 - - - - - - 6 34 40 29 16 - - 457 3. 52 - - - - - - - - 304 - 153 - - 68 64 65 2 10 - 20 5 - 10 50 19 6 - 86 252 72 2 28 3. 28 - - - - - 8 13 - 7 - - - - 3. 33 3. 55 - - - - - - 70 30 - - 13 - 12 105 - - 12 10 206 3. 29 - - - - - 40 56 110 - - - - - 25 3. 24 - - - 4 - - 5 16 - - - - - 324 50 3. 12 3. 19 - - - 145 - 14 14 34 58 - 104 2 - - 1 2 - - - 49 50 3. 29 3. 01 - - - - 48 - 11 2 - 37 - - - - - - 68 2. " 36 12 20 ~ “ " " _ - 81 _ 1 and - 8 205 47 E xcludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. A ll w orkers w ere at $ 2. 60 to $ 2. 70. Includes all d riv ers re g a r d le ss of size and type of truck operated. 12 $ 3 .0 0 80 ~ Table 15. Method o f W age Payment (Percent of production workers in petroleum refineries by method of wage payment, 1 United States and regions, December 1965) United States East Coast W es tern Pennsylvania— W est V irginia M idwest I Midwest II -------------------------- 100 100 100 10 0 100 10 0 100 10 0 100 T im e -r a te w orkers -----------------------F o rm a l plans Single rate Range of rates Individual rates ___ 100 100 10 0 100 10 0 10 0 100 10 0 100 99 96 100 99 90 10 0 10 0 99 99 99 10 0 10 0 - 91 91 Method of wage payment A ll w orkers 1 2 1 2 1 95 5 99 1 10 97 3 T exas— T exas InlandRocky Louisiana North Louisiana— Mountain Gulf Coast A rkansas 1 (2) (2) 86 14 (2) W est Coast - 9 For definition of methods of wage payment, see appendix A . L e ss than 0. 5 percent. N O TE : Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals. Table 16 . Scheduled Weekly Hours (Percent of production w orkers in petroleum refin eries by scheduled w eekly hours, W eekly hours A ll w orkers 40 hours -------------------------------------------42 hours -------------------------------------------- D ecem ber 1965) W estern Pennsylvania— W e st V irginia M idw est I 100 100 100 10 0 100 100 10 0 100 10 0 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 United States E ast Coast 100 98 2 United States and region! M idwest II T exas— T exas InlandRocky Louisiana North Louisiana— Mountain Gulf C oast A rkansas 10 Data relate to the predominant work schedule of full-time day-shift workers in each establishment. W est Coast N) 10 Table 17. Shift Differential Practices (Percent of production workers assigned to rotating shifts 1 in petroleum refineries by amount of shift differential, United States and regions, December 1965) W estern Pennsylvania— W est V irginia E ast Coast United States M idw est I Texas InlandNorth Louisiana— Rocky Mountain A rkansas D ay E ve N ight ning 16. 1. . . 16. 15. 14. 14. 1 3 2 2 1 8 5 2 - .2 - - 1. 1 1. 1 1. 1 1. 1 .2 16. 15. 14. . 0 8 6 2 D ay 16. 2 - - E ve N ight ning 16. 16. 16. 16. 2 2 2 2 15. 9 15. 9 15. 9 - D ay 12. 8 - - E ve N ight ning D ay E ve N ight ning D ay E ve N ight ning 12. 7 1 1 .5 11. 5 11. 5 16. . . . 16. 16. 16. 16. 16. . . . 16. 16. 16. 16. 12. 6 1 1 .4 1 1 .4 3 8 8 8 3 0 0 0 16. 16. 16. . 3 0 0 8 5 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 16. 1 16*1 16. 1 1. 1 D ay 15. 6 3 .4 - " .2 E ve N ight ning 15. 15. 11. 10. D ay E ve N ight ning 6 2 3 3 15. 5 15. 0 1 1 .6 15. 8 - - 15. 15. 15. 15. .7 . 7 - 8 8 8 0 D ay E ve N ig h t ning 15. 8 15. 8 15. 8 17. 5 - - 17. 17. 17. 17. 15. 0 - - - - 15. 9 - 8. 5 - - 15. 2 - - - 15. 0 1. 1 1. 1 ' " ' ' “ ‘ ‘ W o rk ers assign ed to rotating shifts su ccessive ly worked on the day, evening, and night schedules. 1 7 .4 1 7 .4 17. 4 1 7 .4 " - 1 7 .4 17. 4 17. 4 17. 4 - 17. 5 - - 17. 4 - - " - - 10. 7 - - 3. 4 3. 4 .5 3. 4 3 .4 - - - - - - - - “ “ ' ' ' " ' " " " W ork ers employed on fixed extra shifts accounted for le ss than 2 percent of B ecause of rounding, sum s of individual item s may not equal totals. Table 18 . Paid Holidays (Percent of production workers in petroleum refin eries with form al provisions for paid holidays, United States and regions, D ecem ber 1965) N u m b e r o f p a id h o lid a y s .. .. W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id h o lid a y s .. 7 d a y s _____________________________ 8 davs 9 d a y s _____________________________ 9 d a y s plu s 1 h a lf dav 10 d a y s ___________________________ 12 d a y s ___________________________ 17. 5 17. 5 17. 5 E ve N ight ning 3 .4 3 .4 forc e. A ll w o r k e r s 5 5 5 5 D ay - L. Q V 14. 0 " N O TE : W est Coast Schedules— Shift d ifferen tials *8 9 W ork ers assign ed to rotating shifts ___________________________ Receiving shift d ifferen tial Uniform cents per hour 8 cents ________________ 9 c ents ________________ 13 cents ______________ 15 cents ______________ 1 6 cents ______________ 18 cents ______________ U niform percentage ____ 5 percent _____________ Other _____________________ T exas— Louisiana Gulf C oast M idwest II U nited States E a st C oa st W estern P e n n sy lv a n ia — W e s t V ir g in ia M id w e s t I M id w e st II 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 92 2 1 2 2 100 100 100 100 100 - 7 11 15 - - 100 8 88 4 - 100 - 100 2 93 5 100 67 " " _ ■ - - T e x a s— T e x a s In la n d R ocky L o u is ia n a N orth L o u is ia n a — M ou n ta in G u lf C o a s t A rkan sas - - 99 1 - 93 7 - W est C oa st - - 100 100 - - - - - ' - - - the labor Table 19. Paid Vacations (P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in p e t r o le u m r e f in e r ie s w ith fo r m a l p r o v is i o n s fo r pa id v a c a t io n s a fte r s e l e c t e d p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , U nited Sta tes and r e g io n s , D e c e m b e r 1965) Vacation policy United States A ll w o r k e r s-------------------------------------------------- East Coast W e stern Pennsylvania— W est Virginia Midwest I Midwest II Texas— Louisiana Gulf Coast Texas InlandNorth Louisiana— Rocky Mountain Arkansa s W est Coast 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 79 - 100 100 100 96 - 21 " " - 3 - - 26 8 71 100 74 7 93 Method of payment W ork ers in establish m en ts providing paid vac atio n s-----------------------------------------------------L e n g th -o f-tim e p a y m e n t-------------------------------P ercen tage p a y m e n t --------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------- - 97 3 “ 84 16 5 95 21 46 54 - 5 95 - _ 4 92 4 _ _ 16 84 _ - Amount of vacation pay 1 A fter 1 year of service week --------------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------1 8 6 1 94 92 - 100 A fter 2 y e a rs of service week --------------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------1 2 ( 2) 97 ( 2) _ 100 _ - - - - 100 100 100 100 - - - - 4 9 4 83 15 85 27 73 46 54 - _ 17 83 _ 27 73 _ 46 54 100 10 20 90 80 46 54 100 1 10 4 16 80 46 54 4 16 80 29 71 A fter 5 ye ars of service Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------2 w eeks -------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------- ( 2) 15 ( 2) 84 _ 6 100 _ 94 " 100 A fte r 10 y e a rs of service Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------2 weeks ------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------4 w eeks ------------------------------------------------------------------- _ ( 2) 14 84 6 _ 56 44 94 - 84 4 4 9 83 13 87 6 100 94 " 13 87 9 91 62 38 " 13 87 ( 2) 2 - 16 - A fter 15 y e a rs of service 3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------- _ A fte r 20 y e a rs of service 3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s-------------------------------------------------------------------5 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 _ 11 6 87 94 _ _ 9 91 89 _ _ _ 100 A fter 25 y e a rs of service 3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------4 w eeks -------------------------------------------------------------------5 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 7 93 _ 100 _ 100 “ _ 5 95 _ 9 91 1 1 97 _ _ 100 1 V a c a t io n p a y m e n t s , su ch a s p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s , w e r e c o n v e r t e d to an e q u iv a le n t tim e b a s is . P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b it r a r i ly c h o s e n and d o not n e c e s s a r i ly the in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t p r o v is i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n s . F or e x a m p le , the ch a n g e s in p r o p o r t io n s in d ic a t e d at 10 y e a r s m a y in clu d e ch a n g e s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . 2 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. r e f le c t Table 20. Health, Insurance, and Retirement Plans (P ercent of production w orkers in petroleum r efin erie s with specified health, insurance, and retirem ent plans, United States and r egio n s, Decem ber 1965) United States Type of plan 1 A ll w o r k e r s _____________________ ______________ W ork ers in estab lish m en ts providing: Life insurance _ ____ __ _____ ____ _________ E m ployer financed ____ _____ ____ Jointly financed __ _____ __ _____ __ __ A ccid en tal death and dism em b erm ent in su ra n ce__ __ __ _ _____ E m ployer financed ___ _______ __ ___ ____ __ __ _________ „ Jointly financed Sickness and accident insurance on sick leave or both 2_____ ______________________ Sickness and accident in s u r a n c e ____ _____ E m p loyer fin a n c e d _______ ________ _ __ Jointly fin a n c e d _______ _____________________ Sick leave (full pay, no waiting period) ................ . Sick leave (p artial pay or waiting period) H ospitalization insurance _ ___________________ E m p loyer financed Jointly fin a n c e d _______________________________ Surgical insurance E m p loyer fin a n c e d ____________________ _____ Jointly financed M edical insurance E m ployer fin a n c e d ____________________________ Jointly financed Catastrophe insurance _ E m p loyer financed Jointly fin a n c e d _______ ________________________ Retirem ent plans: P e n s io n s _______ _________ __________ ________ E m p loyer fin a n c e d ________________________ Jointly fin a n c e d ____________________________ L u m p -su m payments _________________________ East Coast W estern P en n sylvan iaW est V irginia M idw est I Midwest II T exas— Louisiana Gulf Coast T exas InlandNorth Louisiana— A rkansas Rocky Mountain West Coast 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 29 71 10 0 100 100 100 100 100 57 43 32 68 35 65 86 94 36 58 100 23 77 39 61 49 51 52 19 33 27 7 80 41 39 44 17 27 53 14 39 25 36 75 36 40 51 27 24 49 7 42 98 10 0 100 89 93 100 19 9 22 12 11 11 11 21 21 5 51 51 - 90 77 51 25 100 26 21 20 14 62 97 25 20 5 - 7 5 5 5 - 65 65 - 62 82 62 39 81 86 27 29 85 34 17 26 50 100 10 100 100 100 100 100 100 12 100 100 8 20 14 - - - 34 86 100 100 100 10 0 27 73 100 100 66 100 14 - 86 100 100 90 93 92 80 10 0 10 8 100 20 83 91 100 92 80 69 10 8 20 81 72 4 67 92 43 49 46 1 12 42 34 99 31 69 " 100 95 47 48 23 77 - ~ 98 14 84 81 9 72 100 100 100 27 73 - 34 100 100 100 66 100 27 73 93 100 - 34 100 66 66 20 - - 100 66 73 100 66 100 100 100 19 81 50 50 98 28 70 100 8 100 22 ” “ 78 - - 79 79 77 77 69 3 9 92 16 84 ■ 1 Includes only those plans for which at least part of the cost is borne by the em ployer and excludes legally required plans such as workm en 1 s compensation and social security; how ever, plans required by State tem p orary disability insurance laws are included if the em ployer contributes m ore than is legally required or the em ployees receive benefits in ex ce ss of the legal req u irem ents. 2 Unduplicated total of w ork ers receivin g sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Table 21. Other Selected Benefits (Percent of production w orkers in petroleum refin eries providing funeral leave pay, jury duty pay, severance pay, and thrift or savings plans, United States and regio n s, D ecem ber 1965) Item W o rk ers in establishm ents with p rovisions for: Funeral leave pay ________ Jury duty pay ______ __________ Severance pay 1 _________________ Thrift or savings plans 2 _______ 1 2 E ast Coast W estern Pennsylvania— W e st Virginia M idw est I M idwest II 100 10 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 0 100 100 96 100 10 0 10 0 100 70 78 41 73 10 84 85 79 71 69 96 67 59 79 58 93 60 United States 99 92 T exas— Texas InlandRocky Louis iana North Louisiana— Mountain Gulf Coast A rkansas W est Coast Pay to em ployees permanently separated from the company through no fault of their own. Includes only those plans to which the em ployer makes monetary contributions beyond adm inistrative costs. 10 01 Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey Scope of Survey The survey includes establishments primarily engaged in producing gasoline, ker osene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, and other products from crude petroleum, and its fractionation products either through straight distillation of crude oil, redistillation of unfinished petroleum derivatives, cracking or other processes. (Industry Z911 as defined in the 1957 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual and 1963 Supplement, prepared by the U. S. Bureau of the Budget). Separate auxiliary units such as central offices and research laboratories are excluded. The establishments studied were selected from those employing 100 workers or more at the time of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists (unemployment insurance listings compiled by the various States). The number of establishments and workers actually studied by the Bureau, as well as the number estimated to be within scope of the survey during the payroll period studied, are shown in the following table: Estimated Number of Establishments and Workers W ithin Scope o f Survey and Number Studied, Petroleum Refining Industry, D ecem ber 1965 1 3 2 Number o f establishments Region*- W ithin scope o f study 2 Workers in establishments W ithin scope o f study Studied T o ta l3 Production workers Studied T otal3 United States------------------------ 186 110 9 9 ,9 8 4 7 3 ,3 1 8 75, 241 East C oast---------------------------------------Western Pennsylvania West V i r g i n ia -----------------------------Midwest I -------------------------------------Midwest I I -------------------------------------Texas—Louisiana Gulf C oast--------Texas Inland-North LouisianaArkansas---------------------------------------Rocky M o u n ta in ---------------------------West C o a s t-------------------------------------- 19 12 1 5 ,0 2 3 1 1 ,0 6 6 1 3 ,1 8 4 13 35 31 33 10 19 18 19 2 ,8 3 4 1 7 ,4 8 4 9 ,6 5 6 3 3 ,3 3 4 1 ,9 8 3 1 2 ,6 4 1 7 ,4 6 8 2 4 ,4 8 1 2 ,3 1 5 1 2 ,8 9 7 7, 222 2 3 ,6 2 2 19 15 21 12 9 11 4 ,9 9 4 2 ,9 2 2 1 3 , 737 3 ,8 4 7 2 ,0 6 6 9 , 766 3 ,8 1 8 1, 760 1 0 ,4 2 3 1 The regions used in this study include: East Coast— Connecticut, Delaware, District o f C olum bia, Florida, Georgia, M aine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Verm ont, Virginia, and the following counties in Pennsylvania: Bradford, Colum bia, Dauphin, Montour, Northumberland, Sullivan, York, and all counties east thereof; Western Pennsylvaniar-West Virginia— West Virginia and those counties in Pennsylvania not included in the East Coast region; Midwest I— Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, M ichigan, Ohio, and Tennessee; Midwest II— Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahom a, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; Texas—Louisiana Gulf Coast— the following counties in Texas: Aransas, Brazoria, Calhoun, Cameron, Chambers, Fort Bend, Galvestion, Hardin, Harris, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, K enedy, Kleberg, Liberty, Matagorda, Montgom ery, Newton, Nueces, Orange, Polk, Refugio, San Jacinto, San Patricio, T y le r, Victoria, W aller, Wharton, and W illa cy ; the following parishes in Louisiana: A voyelles, East Feliciana, Pointe C oupee, Tangipahoa, Vernon, Rapides, Washington, and West Feliciana, and all parishes south thereof; the following counties in Mississippi: George, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Pearl River, and Stone; and the following counties in A labam a: Baldwin and M obile; Texas Inland-North Louisiana—Arkansas Arkansas and New M exico and those parts o f the States o f A lab am a, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas not included in the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast; Rocky Mountain— Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and W yom ing; and West Coast Arizona, California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Alaska and Hawaii were excluded from the survey. 2 Includes only establishments with 100 workers or more at the tim e o f reference o f the universe data. 3 Includes executive, professional, office clerical, and other workers excluded from the production worker category shown separately. 26 27 Method of Study Data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field economists under the direction of the Bureau’s Assistant Regional Directors for Wages and Industrial Relations. The survey was conducted on a sample basis. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments were given their appropriate weight. All estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry, excluding only those below the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe data. Establishment Definition An establishment, for purposes of this study, is defined as a single physical location where industrial operations are performed. An establishment is not necessarily identical with the company, which may consist of one or more establishments. The terms "establishment" and "refinery" have been used interchangeably in this report. Employment The estimates of the number of workers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The advance planning necessary to make a wage survey requires the use of lists of establishments assembled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied. Production Workers The term "production workers, " as used in this report, includes working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative, executive, profes sional, and technical personnel, and force-account construction employees, who were utilized as a separate work force on the firm ’s own properties, were excluded. Occupations Selected for Study Occupational classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment and interarea variations in duties within the same job. (See appendix B for these descriptions. ) The occupations were chosen for their numerical importance, their usefulness in collective bargaining, or their representativeness of the entire job scale in the industry. Working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers were not reported in the data for selected occupations but were included in the data for all production workers. Wage Data The wage information relates to average straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. C ost-ofliving bonuses were included as a part of the worker’ s regular pay; but nonproduction bonus payments such as Christmas or year-end bonuses were excluded. Average (mean) hourly rates or earnings for each occupation or other group of workers, such as production workers, were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number of individuals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were obtained by dividing their straight-time salary by normal rather than actual hours. Size of Community Tabulations by size of community pertain to metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. The term "metropolitan areas, " as used in this bulletin, refers to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U. S. Bureau of the Budget through March 1965. Except in New England, a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area is defined as a county or group of contiguous counties which contain at least one city of 50, 000 inhabitants or more. Contiguous counties to the one containing such a city are included in a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially m etro politan in character and are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In New England, where the city and town are administratively more important than the county, they are the units used in defining Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas. 28 Method of Wage Payment Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the number of workers paid under the various wage systems. Formal rate structures for time-rated workers provide single rates or a range of rates for individual job categories. In the absence of a formal rate structure, pay rates are determined primarily with reference to the qualifications of the individual worker. A single rate structure is one in which the same rate is paid to all experienced workers in the same job classification. Learners, apprentices, or probationary workers may be paid according to rate schedules which start below the single rate and permit the workers to achieve the full job rate over a period of time. Individual experienced workers may occasionally be paid above or below the single rate for special reasons, but such pay ments are regarded as exceptions. Range-of-rate plans are those in which the minimum and/or maximum rates paid experienced workers for the same job are specified. Specific rates of individual workers within the range may be determined by merit, length of service, or a combination of various concepts of merit and length of service. Scheduled Weekly Hours Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work schedule for full-time production workers employed on the day shift. Shift Practices Data relate to shift practices of establishments during the payroll period studied, and are presented in terms of the proportion of production workers actually employed under the conditions specified. Workers assigned to rotating shifts variously work on day, evening, and night shifts and workers assigned to fixed shifts regularly work on their assigned shift. Supplementary Wage Provisions Supplementary benefits were treated statistically on the basis that if formal provi sions were applicable to half or more of the production workers in an establishment, the benefits were considered applicable to all such workers. Similarly, if fewer than half of the workers were covered, the benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because of length-of-service and other eligibility requirements, the proportion of workers receiving the benefits may be smaller than estimated. Paid Holidays. provided annually. Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day and half-day holidays Paid Vacations. The summary of vacation plans is limited to formal arrangements, excluding informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em ployer or the supervisor. Payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 week’ s pay. The periods of service for which data are presented were selected as representative of the most common practices, but they do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 years of service may include changes which occurred between 5 and 10 years. Health, Insurance, and Retirement Plans. Data are presented for health, insurance, and retirement plans for which all or a part of the cost is borne by the employer, excluding programs required by law, such as workmen’ s compensation and social security. Among the plans included are those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those paid directly by the employer from his current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insur ance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. 29 Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes at least a part of the cost. However, in New York and New Jersey, where temporary disability insur ance laws require employer contributions, 10 plans are included only if the employer (1) con tributes more than is legally required or (2) provides the employees with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker's pay during absence from work because of illness; informal arrangements have been omitted. Separate tabulations are provided according to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be underwritten by a commerical insurance company or a nonprofit organization, or they may be self-insured. Catastrophe insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, in cludes the plans designed to cover employees in case of sickness or injury involving an expense which goes beyond the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to plans which provide, upon retire ment, regular payments for the remainder of the worker's life. Data are presented sep arately for lump-sum retirement pay (one payment or a specified number over a period of time) made to employees upon retirement. Establishments providing both lump-sum payments and pensions to employees upon retirement were considered as having both retirement pension and lump-sum retirement pay. Establishments having optional plans providing employees a choice of either lump-sum retirement payments or pensions were considered as having only retirement pension benefits. Paid Funeral and Jury Duty Leave. Data for paid funeral and jury duty leave are limited to formal plans which provide at least partial payment for time lost as a result of attending funerals of specified family members or serving as a juror. Severance Pay. Data relate to formal plans providing for payments to employees permanently separated from the company through no fault of their own. Thrift or Savings Plans. Thrift or savings plans are limited to those to which the employer made monetary contributions, beyond administrative costs. 10 The temporary disability insurance laws in California and Rhode Island do not require em ployer contributions. Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descrip tions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to estab lishment and area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and proba tionary workers. CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the main tenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. COMPOUNDER (Blender) Blends or compounds various lubricating oils and/or greases according to specifi cations. Work involves most of the following: Ascertaining location of various oils to be compounded and pumping or arranging for pumpman to transfer oils to proper lines; reg ulating valves to admit specified quantities of various ingredients to mixing tank, following prescribed formulas; setting air and heat controls on kettles and tanks as necessary; and maintaining record of composition, quantities of components used, density, and/ or other pertinent information. May make simple control tests to determine whether products meet specifications. May also blend new mixtures of oils and submit them to laboratory for analysis. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, mainte nance, or repair of equipment for the generation, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing ’‘any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators,transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transm is sion equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or other specifications; loca ting and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard compu tations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician's handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 30 31 FILTERMAN (Filter-house operator; filter-plant treater; filterer) Tends one or more units of filtering equipment (clay-filled vats or tanks) to remove impurities and to improve color of the oil. Work involves most of the following: Mixing samples of clay and oil together to determine amount of clay necessary to obtain finished product of desired color; directing helper who charges clay into filters; opening valves or operating pumps to fill filter to proper level with oil; allowing oil to percolate through clay by gravity, or admitting additional oil under pressure to force percolation; gaging and re cording amount of oil being filtered; inspecting oil for color; manipulating valves admitting air or steam to filter in order to promote flow of oil and to wash down used clay before it is dumped from filter; and blending several oils to obtain one of proper color. May also tend equipment for burning clay to restore for reuse. GAGER (Battery gager; cracking gager; pressure-still gager; storage-area gager) Gages quantity of oil in storage tanks and controls flow of oil into pipelines at wells, in the field, or at the refinery. Duties involve: Gaging and recording amount of oil in tanks; determining temperature of oils; drawing and marking samples of oil; and opening bleeder valves to drain off water. May operate pumps to circulate oil within tank or to effect transfer within tank block. GUARD Performs routine plant protection duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintain ing order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools, cleaning working area, machine, and equipment; assisting worker by holding m a terials or tools; and performing other semiskilled or unskilled tasks as directed by jour neyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade. In some trades, the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools, and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. INSTRUMENT REPAIRMAN Installs, maintains, adjusts, and repairs manual, pneumatic, electric, and/or elec tronic measuring, recording, and regulating instruments in a refinery. Work involves most of the following: Inspecting, testing, and adjusting instruments periodically, determining cause of trouble in instruments not functioning properly and making necessary repairs or adjustments; disconnecting inaccurate or damaged instruments and replacing them; exami ning mechanism and cleaning parts; replacing worn or broken parts; assembling instru ments and installing them on testing apparatus; and calibrating instruments to established standards. JANITOR (Day porter; sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping, and/or scrubbing and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window wash ing are excluded. 32 LABORER Performs miscellaneous laboring tasks in plants or outside work areas , that require no formal training or previous experience. Generally, learning how to do the work is lim ited to gaining a familiarity with work areas, with acceptable ways of doing specific tasks, and with safety regulations. Usually average standards of performance are attained after a brief period of service. Specific assignments among laboring tasks include: Loading and unloading, stacking, interprocess moving of m aterials, cleaning work areas and equip ment, digging and shoveling. Tools such as crowbars, picks, shovels, wheelbarrows, handtrucks, and other lifting and excavating devices may be employed on specific assignments. LOADER, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS (Rackman; tank-car loader; topman; truck loader) Loads gasoline, kerosene, and/or various oils into tank cars or trucks according to specifications. Work involves: Connecting or assisting in connecting hose to coupling, or swinging loading spout over dome; opening valves to allow liquid to flow into tank, or starting or notifying pumpman to start pumps, and filling tank to proper level. May per form a variety of other tasks relating to shipment of product. May gage or sample ship ping tanks. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist’ s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and op erating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals and other materials; selecting standard m aterials, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assembling parts. In general, the machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machineshop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. PACKAGE FILLER, MACHINE Tends the operation of an automatic or semiautomatic machine which fills con tainers with specified weight or amount of commodity being packaged. Work involves one or more of the following: Feeding empty containers to machine; making minor adjust ments to weighting or dispensing devices in order to maintain proper operation; removing filled containers from machine. Workers who tend filling machines that also cap or close filled containers are included. 33 PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making stand ard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. PRESSMAN, PARAFFIN Removes from filter presses the accumulated wax extracted from paraffin distillate. Work involves: Removing bolts and sliding head of press back to release filter plates; scrap ing accumulated wax off filter plates; lifting leaking plates from press, and installing new plates in press; scraping wax in troughs into conveyor that carries it to melting pans; and sliding head against plates and closing press. PUMPMAN (Pumper; transfer pumper; water pumper) Responsible for operating one or more power-driven pumps to produce forced c ir culation of petroleum products and water through units during processing, or to effect the movement of water, chemical solutions, or petroleum products from one tank or processing unit to another or between tanks and processing units to points of loading or unloading trucks, tank cars, or boats. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting specifications to determine which lines should be used for individual liquids; connecting lines from pumps to storage tanks or processing units; regulating pipeline valves so that liquids are pumped ac cording to written specifications or oral instructions; checking measuring instruments or gaging contents of storage tanks; and maintaining operational records or log. May draw samples from tanks or pipelines for laboratory analysis, or may make specific gravity, visual color, or other tests to determine whether products are meeting specifications. PUMPMAN’S HELPER Opens and closes pipeline valves at direction of pumpman to divert flow of liquids to proper location. May assist in starting or stopping pumps. May gage contents of tanks, draw samples of products through bleeder valves on pipelines for laboratory analysis, or make specific gravity and color tests. ROUTINE TESTER, LABORATORY Performs various standard laboratory tests on different petroleum products to de termine certain chemical and/or physical properties of the product, and submits results of the tests to operators of the various departments, by which they control the distillation and treating of the products. Work involves: Making various tests, such as viscosity, specific gravity, flash and fire points, color, pour, water and sediment, melting point, penetration, doctor solution, distillation and corrosion; and submitting results to chemist or to heads of processing units. May interpret results of tests. Chemists and laboratory laborers (bottle washers, etc.) are excluded. STILLMAN (Chief operator; first operator; process operator) Responsible for the operation of one or a battery of stills in which crude or other oil is heated and separated into its various components. Work involves: Directing and co ordinating the activities of the various crew members on the still; interpreting instructions and operational requirements keeping informed of operating conditions; patrolling entire 34 unit periodically to check on operating conditions; observing instrument indications and chart records of rates, pressures, temperatures, liquid levels, e tc.; directing the drawing of periodic samples; interpreting results of tests; making or directing operation and control changes as necessary to maintain operations within specified tolerances; maintaining or directing the preparation of daily operational log or other records; and preparing equipment for maintenance work and directing repairs. Stillmen on one-man operations are excluded. For wage study purposes, Stillman Stillman Stillman Stillman (chief (chief (chief (chief operator), operator), operator), operator), workers are classified by type of still, as follows: catalytic cracking cracking, other than catalytic straight-run combination units STILLMAN, ASSISTANT (Assistant operator; control man; first helper) Helps Stillman maintain operation of stills in which crude or other oil is heated and separated into its various components. Work involves most of the following: Patrolling unit or instrument panel regularly to check on operations; observing instrument indications of pressures, temperatures, liquid levels, etc. , and recording readings on log or other op erational records; maintaining desired liquid levels in equipment and controlling tempera tures; adjusting or regulating manual or automatic controls to maintain operations within specified tolerances; drawing periodic samples and/or running tests such as specific grav ity, viscosity, etc. , reporting frequently to Stillman as to operating condition of unit; and lubricating and cleaning equipment. May check operation and adjust speed of pumps which circulate products through unit, may make minor repairs to equipment. For wage study purposes, Stillman, Stillman, Stillman, Stillman, assistant assistant assistant assistant workers (assistant (assistant (assistant (assistant are classified by type of still, operator), operator), operator), operator), as follows: catalytic cracking cracking, other than catalytic straight-run combination units STILLMAN'S HELPER (O p erator helper; still firem a n ) Tends operation of burners to maintain required temperature in furnace of a petro leum products still. Work involves most of the following: Following instructions received from stillman or Stillman's helper of previous shift specifying temperature to be maintained; reading temperature, pressure, and flow gages to determine operation of still, and adjust ing valves controlling flow of fuel to burners; observing color of burner flames or gas i s suing from stack, and regulating supply of air to obtain correct combustion; recording gage and meter readings and/or other pertinent information on log sheet or other records; and reporting irregularities of still operation to stillman. May clean burners and/or remove and replace plates covering openings that provide access to interior of still for cleaning. For wage study purposes, Stillman's Stillman's Stillman's Stillman's helper helper helper helper (operator's (operators (operator's (operator's workers helper), helper), helper), helper), are classified by type of still, as follows: catalytic cracking cracking, other than catalytic straight-run combination units S*rOCK CLERK Receives, stores, and issues equipment, material, merchandise, or tools in a stockroom or storeroom. Work involves a combination of the following: Checking incoming orders; storing supplies; applying identifications to articles; issuing supplies; taking peri odic inventory or keeping perpetual inventory; making up necessary reports; and requesting or ordering supplies when needed. Stockroom laborers, toolcrib attendants, and employees who supervise stock clerks and laborers are excluded. 35 TREATER (Treater, first class) Responsible for the treating of gasoline, kerosene, distilled oils, light oils, naphtha, wax, and other petroleum products with chemicals, steam, water, or air to remove sulphur and/or other impurities. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting instructions and operational requirements; making frequent inspections of units to check on operations; ob serving and recording readings of temperature, pressure, flow gages, and meters; making or directing operation and control changes as necessary to maintain operations; maintaining daily log or other operational records; preparing equipment for maintenance work and test ing equipment after repairs have been made. May direct activities of one or more helpers, may operate pumps to circulate liquids through the units. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of oils processed, as follows: Treater, light oils (white products—gasoline, kerosene, naphtha, solvants, etc.) Treater, heavy oils (lube) TREATER'S HELPER (Treater, second class) Assists treater in treating gasoline, kerosene, oils, wax and other petroleum pro ducts with chemicals, steam, water, or air to remove sulphur and/or other impurities. Work involves most of the following: Patrolling unit regularly to check on operations and/or equipment; making operating and control changes as directed; drawing off water and spent chemicals after treatment and separation by valve manipulation; mixing chemical treating solution and adding treating chemicals to oil; manipulating valves to charge equipment with oils to be treated and to maintain level of oil and solutions in equipment; and maintaining daily log or other operational records. May operate or regulate speed of pumps to cir culate liquids through unit, or make chemical, specific gravity, color, or other tests to determine whether treating process is being carried on properly. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of oils processed, as follows: Treater's helper, light oils (white products—gasoline, kerosene, naphtha, solvants, etc.) Treater's helper, heavy oils (lube) TRUCKD RIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m aterials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments and/or between retail e s tablishments and customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesman and over-the-road-drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer would be rated on the basis of trailer capacity. ) Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1 V2 tons) Truckdriver, medium (l V2 to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) 36 TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) WATCHMAN Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. WELDER, HAND, MAINTENANCE Performs the welding duties necessary to maintain plant machinery and equipment in good repair, by fusing (welding) metal objects together in the fabrication of metal shapes and in repairing broken or cracked metal objects. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from written or oral instructions and specifications; knowl edge of welding properties of a variety of metals and alloys; setting up of work and deter mining operation sequence; welding a variety of items as necessary; ability to weld with gas and arc apparatus. In general, the work of the maintenance welder requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Industry Wage Studies T he m o s t r e c e n t r e p o r t s fo r i n d u s t r i e s in c lu d e d in the B u r e a u ' s p r o g r a m o f i n d u s t r y w a g e s u r v e y s s i n c e J a n u a r y 1950 a r e l i s t e d b e lo w . T h o s e f o r w h ich a p r i c e i s sh ow n a r e a v a i l a b l e f r o m the S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U. S. G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W ash in g to n , D. C. , 2 0 4 0 2 , o r a n y o f i t s r e g i o n a l s a le s o ffices. T h o s e f o r w hich a p r i c e i s not show n m a y b e o b t a in e d f r e e a s lo n g a s a s u p p l y i s a v a i l a b l e , f r o m the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s , W ash in g to n , D. Co , 2 0 2 1 2 , o r f r o m a n y o f the r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s show n on the i n s i d e b a c k c o v e r . I. Occupational Wage Studies M an u factu rin g B a s i c Ir o n and S t e e l , 1962. B L S B u l l e t i n 1358 (30 c e n t s ) . C a n d y and O th er C o n f e c t io n e r y P r o d u c t s , I9 6 0 . B L S R e p o r t 195. ^ C a n n in g an d F r e e z i n g , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 136. C i g a r M a n u f a c t u r i n g 1964. B L S B u l l e t i n 1436 (30 c e n t s ) . C i g a r e t t e M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1965. B L S B u l le t in 1472 (20 c e n t s ) . C o tto n T e x t i l e s , 1965. B L S B u l l e t i n 1506 (40 c e n t s ) . D i s t i l l e d L i q u o r s , 1952. S e r i e s 2, N o. 88. F a b r i c a t e d S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l , 1964. B L S B u l le t in 1463 (30 c e n t s ) . F e r t i l i z e r M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1962. B L S B u l l e t i n 13 62 (40 c e n t s ) . F l o u r and O th er G r a i n M i l l P r o d u c t s , 1961. B L S B u l l e t i n 1337 (30 c e n t s ) . F l u i d M ilk I n d u s t r y , 1964. B L S B u l l e t i n 1464 (30 c e n t s ) . F o o t w e a r , 1965. B L S B u l le t in 1503 (50 c e n t s ) . H o s i e r y , 1964. B L S B u l l e t i n 1456 (45 c e n t s ) . I n d u s t r i a l C h e m i c a l s , 1955. B L S R e p o r t 103. Ir o n and S t e e l F o u n d r i e s , 1962. B L S B u l l e t i n 1386 (40 c e n t s ) . L e a t h e r T a n n in g and F i n i s h i n g , 1963. B L S B u l le t in 1378 (40 c e n t s ) . M a c h i n e r y M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1965. B L S B u l le t in 1476 (25 c e n t s ) . M e a t P r o d u c t s , 1963. B L S B u l l e t i n 1415 (75 c e n t s ) . M e n ' s and B o y s ’ S h i r t s ( E x c e p t W ork S h i r t s ) and N i g h t w e a r , 1964. B L S B u l le t in 1457 (40 c e n t s ) . M e n ' s and B o y s ’ S u it s and C o a t s , 1963. B L S B u l le t in 1424 (65 c e n t s ) . M i s c e l l a n e o u s P l a s t i c s P r o d u c t s , 1964. B L S B u l l e t i n 1439 (35 c e n t s ) . M i s c e l l a n e o u s T e x t i l e s , 1953. B L S R e p o r t 56. M o t o r V e h i c l e s an d M o t o r V e h ic le P a r t s , 1963. B L S B u l l e t i n 1393 (45 c e n t s ) . N o n f e r r o u s F o u n d r i e s , 1965. B L S B u l l e t i n 1498 (40 c e n t s ) . P a i n t s and V a r n i s h e s , 1961. B L S B u l l e t i n 1318 (30 c e n t s ) . P a p e r b o a r d C o n t a i n e r s and B o x e s , 1964. B L S B u l le t in 1478 (70 c e n t s ) . P e t r o l e u m R e f in i n g , 1959. B L S R e p o r t 158. P r e s s e d o r B lo w n G l a s s and G l a s s w a r e , 1964. B L S B u l le t in 1423 (30 c e n t s ) . ^ P r o c e s s e d W a s t e , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 124. P u lp , P a p e r , and P a p e r b o a r d M i l l s , 1962. B L S B u l l e t i n 1341 (40 c e n t s ) . R a d i o , T e l e v i s i o n , and R e l a t e d P r o d u c t s , 1951. S e r i e s 2, N o. 84. R a i l r o a d C a r s , 1952. S e r i e s 2, N o. 86. * R a w S u g a r , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 136. S o u th e r n S a w m i l l s and P la n n in g M i l l s , 1962. B L S B u l l e t i n 1361 (30 c e n t s ) . S t r u c t u r a l C l a y P r o d u c t s , 1964. B L S B u l le t in 1459 (45 c e n t s ) . S y n th e tic F i b e r s , 1958. B L S R e p o r t 143. S y n th e tic T e x t i l e s , 1965. B L S B u l l e t i n 1509 (40 c e n t s ) . T e x t i l e D y e in g and F i n i s h i n g , 1961. B L S B u l l e t i n 1311 (35 c e n t s ) . * Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. I. Occupational Wage Studies— Continued M a n u f a c t u r i n g — C o n tin u ed ^ T o b a c c o S t e m m i n g an d R e d r y i n g , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 136. W e st C o a s t S a w m i l l i n g , 1964. B L S B u l l e t i n 1455 (30 c e n t s ) . W o m e n 's an d M i s s e s ' C o a t s and S u i t s , 1965. B L S B u l l e t i n 1508 (25 c e n t s ) . W o m e n 's an d M i s s e s ’ D r e s s e s , 1963. B L S B u l le t in 1391 (30 c e n t s ) . Wood H o u s e h o ld F u r n i t u r e , E x c e p t U p h o l s t e r e d , 1965. B L S B u l l e t i n 1496 (40 c e n t s ) . *W o o d e n C o n t a i n e r s , 1957. B L S R e p o r t 126. Wool T e x t i l e s , 1962. B L S B u l le t in 1372 (45 c e n t s ) . W ork C lo th in g , 1964. B L S B u l le t in 1440 (35 c e n t s ) . N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g A u to D e a l e r R e p a i r S h o p s , 1964. B L S B u l l e t i n 1452 (30 c e n t s ) . B a n k in g , 1964. B L S B u l l e t i n 1466 (30 c e n t s ) . B i t u m in o u s C o a l M in in g , 1962. B L S B u l l e t i n 1383 (45 c e n t s ) . C o m m u n i c a t i o n s , 1964. B L S B u l l e t i n 1467 (20 c e n t s ) . C o n t r a c t C le a n in g S e r v i c e s , 1965. B L S B u l l e t i n 1507 (30 c e n t s ) . C r u d e P e t r o l e u m and N a t u r a l G a s P r o d u c t i o n , I 9 6 0 . B L S R e p o r t 181. D e p a r t m e n t an d W o m e n ’ s R e a d y - t o - W e a r S t o r e s , 1950. S e r i e s 2, N o. 78. E a t in g an d D r in k in g P l a c e s , 1963. B L S B u l l e t i n 1400 (40 c e n t s ) . E l e c t r i c and G a s U t i l i t i e s , 1962. B L S B u l l e t i n 1374 (50 c e n t s ) . H o s p i t a l s , 1963. B L S B u l le t in 1409 (50 c e n t s ) . H o t e l s and M o t e l s , 1963. B L S B u l l e t i n 1406 (40 c e n t s ) . L a u n d r i e s an d C le a n in g S e r v i c e s , 1963. B L S B u l l e t i n 1401 (50 c e n t s ) . L i f e I n s u r a n c e , 1961. B L S B u l l e t i n 1324 (30 c e n t s ) . N u r s i n g H o m e s and R e l a t e d F a c i l i t i e s , 1965. B L S B u l l e t i n 1492 (45 c e n t s ) . II, Earnings Distributions Studies F a c t o r y W o r k e r s ' E a r n i n g s — D i s t r i b u t i o n b y S t r a i g h t - T i m e H o u r ly E a r n i n g s , 1958. B L S B u l l e t i n 1252 (40 c e n t s ) . F a c t o r y W o r k e r s ’ E a r n i n g s — S e l e c t e d M a n u f a c t u r i n g I n d u s t r i e s , 1959. B L S B u l l e t i n 1275 (35 c e n t s ) . R etail T rad e: E m p l o y e e E a r n i n g s and H o u r s , J u n e 1965— B u il d in g M a t e r i a l s , H a r d w a r e , an d F a r m E q u ip m e n t D e a l e r s . B L S B u l l e t i n 1501-1 (25 c e n t s ) . G e n e r a l M e r c h a n d i s e S t o r e s . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 5 0 1 - 2 (40 c e n t s ) . F o o d S t o r e s . B L S B u l le t in 1 5 0 1 -3 (30 c e n t s ) . A u t o m o t iv e D e a l e r s and G a s o l i n e S e r v i c e S t a t i o n s . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 5 0 1 - 4 (40 c e n t s ) . A p p a r e l an d A c c e s s o r y S t o r e s . B L S B u l le t in 1 5 0 1 - 5 (45 c e n t s ) . F u r n i t u r e , H o m e F u r n i s h i n g s , an d H o u se h o ld A p p l i a n c e S t o r e s . B L S B u l le t in 1 5 0 1 - 6 (40 c e n t s ) . M i s c e l l a n e o u s S t o r e s . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 5 0 1 - 7 (30 c e n t s ) . E m p l o y e e E a r n i n g s in N o n m e t r o p o lit a n A r e a s o f the So u th an d N o r t h C e n t r a l R e g i o n s , 1962. B L S B u l l e t i n 1416 (40 c e n t s ) . * Studies of the effects of the $1 minimum wage. * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1966 0 - 2 3 1 - 0 1 9 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES
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