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Industry Wage Survey: Petroleum Refining, April 1976 U.S. D ep artm en t of L abor B ureau of L abor S ta tistic s 1977 Bulletin 1948 Industry Wage Survey: Petroleum Refining, April 1976 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Julius Shiskin, Commissioner 1977 Bulletin 1948 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D .C . 20402 Stock N o. 029-001-02010-4 Preface This bulletin sum m arizes the results o f a Bureau o f Labor Statistics survey o f wages and related b en efits in p etroleum refineries in April 1 9 7 6 . A similar study was con d u cted by the Bureau in April 1 9 7 1 . A sum m ary tab u lation , providing national and regional in form ation , was issued in February 1 9 7 7 . C opies are available from the U .S. D epartm ent o f Labor, Bureau o f Labor Statistics, W ashington, D.C. 2 0 2 1 2 , or any o f its regional o ffices. This stu d y was co n d u cted in the Bureau’s O ffice o f Wages and Industrial R elations. The analysis was prepared b y Carl Barsky in the D ivision o f O ccupational Wage Struc tures. Field w ork for the survey was directed by the A ssistant R egional C om m issioners for O perations. Other reports available from the Bureau’s program o f industry wage studies, as w ell as the addresses o f the Bureau’s regional o ffices, are listed at the end o f this b u lletin . Material in this publication is in the public dom ain and m ay be reproduced w ith ou t the perm ission o f the Federal G overnm ent. Please credit the Bureau o f Labor Statistics and cite the nam e and num ber o f the publication . Contents Page Summ ary .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Industry characteristics ............................................................................................................................................................................................. Products and processes .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1 1 L o c a t i o n ................................................................................................. 2 Size o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 U n ion ization .................................. ................................................................................................ „ .............................................................. M aintenance craft con solid ation plans 2 . .................................................................................................................................................. 2 M ethod o f wage p a y m e n t ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Average hourly earnings ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 O ccupational e a r n i n g s .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 E stablishm ent practices and supplem entary wage provisions ..................................................................................................................... 4 Scheduled w eek ly hours and shift p r a c t i c e s ............................................................................................................................................. 4 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Paid v a c a t i o n s ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... Paid h olid ays 4 H ealth, insurance, and retirem ent plans Other selected ben efits ................................................................................................................................................. 4 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 T ext tables 1. P roductivity, o u tp u t, and em p loyee hours for production w orkers in petroleum refining, 1965-75 2. R egional pay levels for selected occupations expressed as percents o f n ationw ide averages . . . . ............................. 2 4 R eference tables: 1. Average h ou rly earnings: By selected characteristics ........................................................................................................... 6 2. Earnings distribution: A ll p roduction w o r k e r s ......................................................................................................................... 7 O ccupational averages: 3. All e s t a b lis h m e n t s .................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 4. 5. By size o f c o m m u n i t y .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 By size o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11 O ccupational earnings: 6. U nited S t a t e s ...................................................................................................................................................................................................13 7. East C o a s t ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 8. Western Pennsylvania-W est Virginia 9. M idw est I .................................................................................................................................................. 15 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................16 10. M idw est I I ........................................................................................................................................................................................................17 11. Texas-Louisiana G u lf C o a s t ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18 12. Texas Inland-N orth L o u isia n a -A r k a n sa s............................................................................................................................................. 19 13. R ocky M ountain 14. West C o a s t .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 20 E stablishm ent practices and supplem entary wage provisions: 15. M ethod o f wage p aym en t ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2 2 v C ontents— Conti nu ed Page Establishm ent practices and supplem entary wage p rovisions—C ontinued 16. Scheduled w eek ly h o u r s .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2 2 17. Shift differential practices 18. Paid h o l i d a y s ...................................................................................................................................................................................................2 3 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2 3 19. Paid vacations 2 0. H ealth, insurance, and retirem ent p l a n s .............................................................................................................................................2 5 ..............................................................................................................................................................................................2 4 21. Other selected b e n e f i t s ...............................................................................................................................................................................2 6 A ppendixes: A. Scope and m eth od o f survey B. O ccupational descriptions ................................................................................................................................................................ 2 7 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 0 VI Petroleum Refining, April 1976 Summary plans. Workers typ ically received 10 paid h olid ays and, de pending on len gth o f service, b etw een 2 and 5 w eeks o f vacation annually. Straight-tim e earnings o f p rod u ction workers in p etro leum refineries averaged $ 7 .3 8 an hour in April 1 9 7 6 . All but 3 percent o f the 6 3 ,2 8 9 workers covered by the sur Industry characteristics v e y 1 earned b etw een $ 5 .1 0 and $ 8 .5 0 an hour; the m iddle 50 p ercent fell b etw een $ 6 .8 9 and $ 7 .8 6 . The 168 refineries w ithin the scope o f the study e m R egionally, average earnings ranged from $ 7 .7 3 in the p lo y ed 6 3 ,2 8 9 prod u ction and related workers in April East C oast region to $ 6 .2 3 in W estern Pennsylvania-W est 1 9 7 6 —dow n 9 percent from the 6 9 ,8 3 1 w orkers recorded V irginia.2 Workers in the T exas-Louisiana G u lf C oast reg io n -n u m e r ic a lly the largest region (37 percent o f the w ork in a similar survey co n d u cted in April 1 9 7 1 , and 14 percent fo rce)-a v era g ed $ 7 .5 0 . A m on g occu p ation s selected to represent the in d u stry’s v ey .4 The 1 9 7 1 -7 6 em p lo y m en t decline apparently resulted below the 7 3 ,3 1 8 w orkers total in the D ecem ber 1965 sur from a drop in the num ber o f establishm ents w ith in scope o f survey (d ow n from 185 in 1 9 7 1 ). The m ean establish wage structure, h ourly pay levels ranged from $ 8 .1 4 for c h ie f operators o f stills to $ 5 .9 6 for jan itors.3 A ssistant m ent size was virtually unchanged b etw een the last tw o operators, num erically the largest job studied, averaged surveys—541 em p lo y ees in 19 7 6 com pared w ith 5 3 0 in $ 7 .6 2 . O ccupational pay levels varied b y com m u n ity and 1 971. establishm ent size. V irtually all w orkers covered b y the survey were in es O utput per p rod u ction -em p loyee hour in the industry was on e-sixth higher in 1975 than in 1 9 7 0 . The 1975 level tablishm ents that provided paid h o lid a y s, paid vacations, o f prod u ctivity w as slightly above that attained in 197 2 and 1 9 7 4 , b u t was w ell b elo w the record level in 1 9 7 3 , just and at least part o f the co st o f life, h osp italization , surgical, basic and major m edical insurance, and retirem ent pension before the height o f the Arab oil em bargo. T ext table 1 sum m arizes trends in p rod u ctivity, o u tp u t, and em p loyee hours in the industry since 1 9 6 5 .5 1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey. Wage data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi days, and late shifts. The straight-time average hourly earnings in this bulletin differ in concept from the gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau’ monthly Employment and Earnings series ($7.76 in April s 1976). Unlike the latter, the estimates presented in this bulletin exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi days, and late shifts. Average (mean) earnings were calculated by summing individual hourly earnings and dividing by the number of individual workers. In the monthly series, by contrast, the sum of the man-hour totals reported by establishments in the industry was divided into the reported payroll totals. The estimated number of production workers within the scope Year-to-year flu ctu ation in activity level o f the p etro leum refining industry depends largely on the short-run availability (and flo w ) o f crude p etroleum and the dem and for petroleum -based p roducts. E vid en tly, the recent d ow n ward trend o f em p loyee hours in the industry has n o t sig n ifican tly a ffected increases in o u tp u t (te x t table 1). D e creased dem and, h ow ever, for petroleu m p roduction in 1974 and 1975 corresponds w ith declines in refinery o u t put for th ose years.6 Products and processes. G asoline (including naph th a) was the major product o f refineries em p loyin g slightly more of the study i intended only as a general guide to the size and s composition of the labor force included in the survey. I differs t than n in e-ten th s o f the workers w ithin the scope o f the from that published in the monthly series (87,100 in April 1976) by excluding establishments employing fewer than 100 workers. Also, the advance planning necessary to make the survey required use of l s s of establishments assembled considerably in advance of data it collection. Thus, omitted are: (1) Establishments new to the indus try, (2) establishments originally classified in the petroleum refining industry but found in other industries at the time of the survey, and (3) refineries classified incorrectly in other industries at the time the l s s were compiled. it 2 For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-l, footnote 3 See appendix B for occupational descriptions. 4 See Industry Wage Survey: Petroleum Refining, April 1971, Bulletin 1741 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1972), and Industry Wage Survey: Petroleum Refining, December 1965, Bulletin 1526 (1966). 5 Based on data from the Bureau’ series on productivity in s selected industries. Data for 1975 are preliminary. SeeProductivity Indexes for Selected Industries, 1976 Edition, Bulletin 1938 (Bu reau of Labor Statistics, 1977). 6 See “Energy Report from Chase,” Chase Manhattan Bank, October-December 1976. 1 Text table 1. Productivity, output, and employee hours for production workers in petroleum refining, 1965-75 Small refineries— those with fewer than 1 ,0 0 0 workers— employed just under three-fifths of the workers. All workers in four regions were employed in small refineries; three-fourths in the Midwest I region, three-fifths in the West Coast, slightly less than one-half in the East Coast, and three-tenths in the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast region. Size o f establishment. O u tp u t per e m p lo y e e Year O u tp u t E m p lo y e e h o u rs hour P e r c e n t c h a n g e f r o m p r e v io u s y e a r 1 9 6 5 ........................................................ 8 .4 2 .8 - 5 .1 1 9 6 6 ........................................................ 7 .9 5 .2 -2 .6 1967 ........................................................ 3 .0 4 .3 1 .2 1 9 6 8 ........................................................ 3 .1 3 .6 .5 -3 .9 1 9 6 9 ........................................................ 5 .8 1 .7 1 9 7 0 ........................................................ -2 .3 1 .8 4 .2 1 9 7 1 ........................................................ 5 .4 2 .7 -2 .6 1 9 7 2 ........................................................ 8 .5 3 .9 —4 . 3 1 9 7 3 ........................................................ 1 1 .3 5 .3 -5 .3 1 9 7 4 ........................................................ -1 0 .2 -2 .7 8 .4 1 9 7 5 ........................................................ 1 .1 - 1 .3 U n i o n i z a t i o n . Establishments operating under labormanagement agreements employed just over nine-tenths of the industry’s workers. The proportion was at least fourfifths in each of the regions studied. The Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers Union (AFL-CIO) was the major union in the industry in all regions except Texas Inland-North Louisiana-Arkansas, where a majority were under other AFL-CIO contracts. -2 .4 A v e ra g e a n n u a l ra te (p e rc e n t) Information was ob tained on the incidence and major features of maintenance craft consolidation plans. (These plans combine two or more crafts into a single job classification, titled “general mechanics” in this survey.) Such plans were found in 27 of the 104 refineries visited in April 1976— about the same number of plans found in 1971 (but double the number reported in 1965). The combination of crafts covered by these plans ranged from all maintenance crafts (reported by 10 refineries) to only two designated crafts in some plants. Most maintenance consolidation plans take workers who have already attained journeyman status in one craft for training in additional crafts, e.g., a boilermaker who learns pipefitting. Little or no wage differential, however, was re ported within an establishment between these fully trained general mechanics and their counterparts in a single craft. About one-third of these plans allowed for progression of helpers or apprentices to general mechanics in 30 to 36 months. M aintenance c ra ft consolidation plans. 1 9 6 5 -7 0 ............................................. 3 .5 3 .3 -.3 1 9 7 0 -7 5 ............................................. 3 .0 1 .6 - 1 .3 survey. Other important products include distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, lube oil, and asphalt. At the time of the survey, two-fifths of the refineries were processing petro chemicals (chemical products derived from hydrocarbon sources such as petroleum or natural gas). In the Western Pennsylvania-West Virginia region, refineries primarily manufactured products other than gasoline— usually lube oil or distillate fuel oil. P e tro le u m refin in g is a re la tiv e ly large-scale manufacturing operation processing fluids and gas almost exclusively. Crude oil flows almost continuously in closely interrelated refining units from the time it is received until finished products are shipped. As a result, the industry’s products are highly diversified and its processes automati cally controlled. Virtually all production workers were paid time rates (table 15). For about nine-tenths of the workers, these formal plans provided single rates for specified occupations. Range of rate plans were most com monly found in the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast and Rocky Mountain regions, where they covered about 15 percent of the production work force. M e th o d o f wage p ay m e n t. The Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast region, numeri cally the largest, employed 37 percent of the production workers. The East Coast, Midwest I and II, and West Coast regions each employed between 10 and 15 percent of the workers; the remaining three regions each employed 5 per cent or fewer. Establishments in metropolitan areas7 employed fourfifths of the workers. Regionally, the proportion in such areas were seven-eighths or more in the East Coasts Midwest I, Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast, and West Coast regions; about two-fifths in the Rocky Mountain States; about onethird in the Midwest II and Texas Inland-North LouisianaArkansas regions; and none of the workers in refineries vis ited in the Western Pennsylvania-West Virginia region. L o c a tio n . Average hourly earnings Earnings of the 63,289 production and related workers covered by the study averaged $7.38 an hour in April 1976. Wage levels were highest in the East Coast region ($ 7 .7 3 an hour) and lowest in Western Pennsylvania-West Virginia ($6.23). In all other sections of the country, average hourly earnings ranged from $6.51 to $7.55 an hour. In the region Texas-Louisiana 7 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. with the largest refinery employment— Office of Management and Budget through February 1974. Gulf Coast— average was $7.50 (table 1 ). the 2 Among the 9 journeyman maintenance occupations studied, average wage levels were highly compressed with only a 2 -percent differential between the averages for the highest paid job, general mechanics ($7.86)9, and the lowest paid, hand welders ($7.69); maintenance trades’ helpers, at $6.62, were only about 15 percent below the journeyman averages. Occupational averages usually were highest in the East Coast region and lowest in Western Pennsylvania-West Vir ginia. In the latter, they typically fell 12 to 18 percent below their nationwide levels (text table 2.) Averages were generally about 10 percent below the nationwide levels in the Texas Inland-North Louisiana-Arkansas region and within 5 percent of national levels in the other 6 regions. Occupational averages in almost all cases were slightly higher in metropolitan areas than in nonmetropolitan areas (table 4), and in refineries of 1,000 workers or more than in smaller establishments (table 5). These relationships held in the few instances where regional comparisons were possible. Individual earnings of workers in selected occupations were generally concentrated within relatively narrow limits (particularly in the higher skilled jobs), even on a nation wide basis (table 6 ). For most occupations, hourly earnings of more than one-half the workers were within 40-cent in tervals. Occupational earnings were concentrated even more within the regions (tables 7-14). The relatively high wage rates paid in the petroleum re fining industry also filtered down to the low-skilled or un skilled occupations. The $5.96 nationwide pay level in April 1976 for janitors in petroleum refineries for example, was considerably higher than the $4.20 all-manufacturing average reported for janitors in the Nation’s metropolitan areas in June 1975, the latest date for which information is available. 10 This tendency for high-skilled occupations to “pull up” semiskilled or unskilled workers is associated fre quently with highly unionized, capital intensive indus tries.1 1 The 37-percent spread between the highest and lowest paying jobs in petroleum refining is among the small est such differentials reported for industries studied by the Bureau. The $7.38 average for production workers in April 1976 was 61 percent above the average recorded in April 1971 ($4.59 ) .8 This increase, which resulted largely from general wage adjustments granted under collective bargaining agree ments, far outpaced the 42-percent rise in average hourly earnings for production workers in all nondurable goods manufacturing (as reported in the Bureau’s index of hourly earnings), and the 40-percent rise in the Bureau’s Consumer Price Index. Regionally, increases in average hourly earnings ranged from 55 percent in the Texas Inland-North Louisiana-Arkansas region to 67 percent in the Western Pennsyl vania-West Virginia area. Nationwide, workers in metropolitan areas averaged $7.48 an hour— percent more than the $6.98 for workers 7 in nonmetropolitan areas. A 3-percent difference occurred in the Midwest II region, but in the Rocky Mountain States— the only other region that could be compared— workers in nonmetropolitan areas averaged 2 percent more ($7.52 compared with $7.35). Average hourly earnings for workers in establishments of 1,000 employees or more were $7.51, compared with $7.28 for smaller establishments. In the three regions permitting comparisons— the East Coast, Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast, and West Coast— this relationship also held. The survey did not measure the influence of any single characteristic on wage levels or earnings relationships. Such factors as size of community, size of establishment, and unionization tend to be highly interrelated. Earnings of all but 2 percent of the workers were within a range of $6.10 and $8.50 an hour; the middle 50 percent fell between $6.89 and $7.86 (table 2). The index of dis persion (computed by dividing the middle range by the median) was 13 percent— one of the lowest dispersion rates among industries studied by the Bureau. Contributing to this narrow range of earnings are the high degree of union ization in the industry, the predominance of single-rate wage structures, and companywide bargaining in multiplant companies. Occupational earnings Twenty-eight occupations, accounting for seven-tenths of the production workers, were selected to represent manufacturing operations and the wage structure in the petroleum refining industry. Nationwide, occupational aver ages ranged from $8.14 for chief operators of stills to $5.96 for janitors (table 3). Assistant operators, numerically the most important job studied, averaged $7.62. Other impor tant processing jobs and their averages included chief oper ators’ helpers, $7.12; laborers, $6.09; and pumpers, $7.58. 9 The 2,334 general mechanics were employed chiefly by refin eries having maintenance craft consolidation plans. I 0 See Area Wage Survey: Metropolitan Areas, United States and Regional Summaries, 1975, Bulletin 1850-89 (Bureau of Labor Sta tistics, 1977). The all-manufacturing average for the April 1976 pay roll period, if it were available, would show a smaller differential; however, the wage advantage for janitors in refineries would still be significant-probably more than 30 percent. II See, for example, the following Industry Wage Surveys: Basic Iron and Steel, September 1972, Bulletin 1839 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1975); Metal Mining, September 1972, Bulletin 1820 (1974); and Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, August 1972, Bulletin 1797 (1973). In each of these industries, the lowest paid occupations averaged more than many high skilled occupations in other industries surveyed at the same time. 8 Op. cit., BLS Bulletin 1741. In January 1977 the Oil, Chem ical and Atomic Workers union negotiated new settlements with refineries employing approximately 60,000 workers. See Current Wage Developments, February 1977, p. 1. 3 Text table 2. (U .S . a v e ra g e s Regional pay levels for selected occupations expressed as percents of nationwide averages = 1 0 0 ) Texas W e s te rn Texas I n la n d - P e n n s y l East O c c u p a tio n R ocky L o u is i M id w e s t II N o rth M id w e s t I v a n ia Coast ana W est G u lf V ir g in ia W est M oun L o u is i- Coast Coast ana- t a in A rk a n s a s M a in t e n a n c e : E l e c t r ic i a n s .......................................................................................... 103 83 99 96 101 91 100 H e lp e r s , t r a d e s .................................................................................. 105 90 102 98 101 91 102 I n s t r u m e n t r e p a ir e r s ................................................................... 102 88 99 95 101 91 99 102 M e c h a n ic s , g e n e r a l ........................................................................... 103 82 101 97 101 P ip e fitte r s ............................................................................................. 102 82 99 97 101 90 100 101 W e ld e r s , h a n d ...................................................................................... 104 79 99 98 101 91 101 102 - - - 102 99 P r o c e s s in g : ....................................................................... 105 88 102 94 101 91 101 98 C h i e f o p e r a t o r s .................................................................................. 106 86 101 95 101 90 100 101 A s s is ta n t o p e r a t o r s ............................................................ 104 - 104 98 101 88 102 99 L a b o r e r s ................................................................................................. 104 95 105 101 99 91 100 102 P u m p e rs ................................................................................................. 105 85 100 94 104 88 100 98 100 C h i e f o p e r a t o r s ' h e lp e r s O th e r: R o u t i n e te s t e r s , l a b o r a t o r y .................................................... 109 85 100 94 103 88 94 T r u c k d r i v e r s .......................................................................................... 104 - 107 99 102 92 103 J a n i t o r s ..................................................................................................... 103 - 100 103 100 - N O T E : D a sh e s in d ic a te n o d a ta re p o rte d o r d a ta th a t d o n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n - 105 criteria. visions for most workers amounted to 2 weeks’ pay after 1 year of service, 3 weeks after 5 years, 4 weeks after 10 years, and 5 weeks after 20 years. Provisions varied little by region, except that they were somewhat less liberal in West ern Pennsylvania-West Virginia. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Data were also obtained on certain establishment prac tices and supplementary wage benefits for production workers, including work schedules, shift differentials, paid holidays, paid vacations, and specified health, insurance, and retirement plans. H e a lth , insurance , and re tire m e n t plans. All or nearly all workers were in establishments providing at least part of the cost of life, hospitalization, surgical, medical, and major medical insurance, and protection against loss of income due to illness or accident (table 20). Accidental death and dismemberment insurance applied to three-fifths of the workers, and long-term disability insurance, to one-third. Dental insurance was rarely found. Also studied was the coverage of dependents by health plans. In almost all cases, employees’ dependents were cov ered by hospitalization, surgical, and basic and major medi cal insurance. As with other insurance plans, health insur ance coverage was usually jointly financed by the employer and employees. Retirement pension plans, in addition to Federal social security, were provided by virtually all refineries. Most of these plans were financed entirely by the employer. Sever ance payments upon retirement applied to 3 percent of the industry’s workers. Virtually all production workers were in refineries scheduling a 40-hour workweek on the day shift (table 16). In the Midwest I and West Coast regions, a small proportion of the workers were on longer schedules. Approximately one-half of the industry’s work force was assigned to rotating shifts in April 1976 (table 17). Typi cally, arrangements called for an employee to alternate among day, evening, and night assignments on successive weeks. In almost all cases, workers on evening schedules received 2 0 cents an hour above day rates, and those on night schedules received 40 cents. Workers on fixed late shifts accounted for less than 2 percent of the work force. Scheduled w eekly hours and shift practices. All workers were in establishments providing paid holidays, typically 10 days annually except in the Texas Inland-North Louisiana-Arkansas region (table 18). In that region a slight majority of workers received between 7 and 9 days. Slightly more than one-third of the East Coast workers were provided 11 paid holidays. Paid holidays. O ther selected benefits. Virtually all production workers were in refineries having formal provisions for jury-duty pay and pay during absences to attend funerals of specified relatives. Technological severance pay to eligible employees All establishments studied provided paid vacations after qualifying periods of service (table 19). Pro Paid vacations. 91 4 Plants employing nearly seven-eighths of the workers provided thrift or savings plans to which the employer made contributions beyond administrative costs. In most instances, three-fourths or more of the eligible workers sub scribed to such plans. permanently separated from employment because of plant closings or force reductions was available to slightly less than three-fifths of the work force, nationally, and to about two-fifths or more of the workers in all regions except the East Coast (table 21). 5 Table 1. Average hourly earnings: By selected characteristics (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 o f production workers in petroleum refineries. United States and regions,2 April1976) Ca c ris hrate tic AL WR E S L O K R ...................................... SIZE O C M U IT : F O MN Y M T O O IT N A E .................... E R P L A RA N N E R P L A A E S................. O MT O O IT N R A SIZE O E A L M N : F ST B ISH E T 100-999 W R E S O K R ........................... 1000 WR E S O M R .................. O KR R O E Es at Cat os Uite nd S te ta s Nme Ae g u br vrae hu orly o f wrkrs ern g oe a ins 63,289 $7.38 Nme u br o f wrkrs oe 8 , 141 50,692 12,597 7.48 6.98 8 36,440 26,849 7.28 3,711 7.51 4,430 , 141 Ae g vrae hu orly ern g a ins $7.73 Wte e rn s Txs eaPnslvn eny aia Mws I id et Mws I id et I Lu iaa ois n WtV in e irg ia s GlfCat u os Nme Ae g Nme Ae g Nme Ae g Nme Ae g u br vrae u br vrae u br vrae u br vrae o f hu orly hu orly o f o f hu orly o f hu orly wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g oe a ins o e a ins o e a ins oe a ins 1,750 $6.23 9,435 $7.55 6 , 1 2 2 $6.97 23,321 $7.50 7.73 1,750 - 6.23 7.73 1,750 7.74 - 6.23 7,082 ~ “ 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and fo r work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts 2 For d efinitions of regions used in this report, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1. 8,320 - TxsIn nea lad Rcy ok Wt e s NrthLu iaa o ois nMn in o ta u Cat „ os A ass rkna Nme Ae g Nme Ae g Nme Ae g u br vrae u br vrae u br vrae o f hu orly f o f hu ^ o orly hu orly wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g oe a ins o e a ins o e a ins 3,400 $6.51 2,833 $7.45 8,287 $7.36 7.56 2,057 4,065 " 7.12 21,782 6.90 - 7.50 - 2,305 7.52 - 6.97 6,449 - 16,872 7.46 7.52 3,400 6 ,1 2 2 1,148 1,685 7.35 8,149 7.52 - 7.35 6.51 2,833 - 7.45 5,093 3,194 - 7.50 7.13 6 .6 8 3 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office o f Management and Budget through February 1974. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reportedjor data that do not meet publication criteria. T a b le 2. E a r n in g s d is tr ib u tio n : A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s (Percent of production w orkers by straight-tim hourly earnings1 in petroleum refineries. United States and regions, April 1976) e Hu ern g orly a ins N ME O W R E S U BR F O K R ....................... A E A E H U L E R IN S V R G O R Y A N G ............. TTL O A .................................. U D R $5.10................................ NE $5.10 A D U D R $5.20.............. N NE $5.20 A D U DR $5.30................ N NE $5.30 A D U D R $5.40................ N NE $5.40 A D U D R $5.50................ N NE $5.50 AD U DR $5.60................ N NE $5.60 A D U D R $5.70................ N NE $5.70 A D U DR $5.80................ N NE $5.80 A D U D R $5.90................ N NE $5.90 A D U D R $6.00................ N NE $6.00 AD U DR $6.10................ N NE $6.10 A D U D R $6.20................ N NE $6.20 A D U DR $6.30................ N NE $6.30 A D U D R $6.40................ N NE $6.40 A D U DR $6.50................ N NE $6.50 A D U D R $6.60................ N NE $6.60 A D U D R $6.70................ N NE $6.70 AD U DR $6.80................ N NE $6.80 A D U D R $6.90................ N NE $6.90 A D U DR $7.00................ M NE $7.00 A D U D R $7.10................ N NE $7.10 A D U D R $7.20................ N NE $7.20 AD U DR $7.30................ N NE $7.30 A D U D R $7.40................ N NE $7.40 A D U DR $7.50................ N NE $7.50 A D U D R $7.60................ N NE $7.60 A D U D R $7.70................ N NE $7.70 A D U DR $7.80................ N NE $7.80 A D U D R $7.90................ N NE $7.90 AD U DR $8.00................ N NE $8.00 A D U D R $8.10................ N NE $8.10 A D U D R $8.20................ N NE $8.20 A D U DR $8.30................ N NE $8.30 A D U D R $8.40................ N NE $8.40 AD U DR $8.50................ N NE $8.50 A D O E ............................ N VR Uite nd S te ta s Es at Cat os 63,289 $7.38 8,141 $7.73 Wte e rn s Pnslvn eny aia WtV in e irg ia s 1,750 $6.23 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 0.9 .2 .3 .3 .2 .4 .1 .2 .7 1 .1 1 .1 2.4 1.5 2.3 2 .0 2.5 2 .1 3.2 3.8 2.9 3.4 2.9 4.4 3.5 4.4 2.3 3.4 15.2 1 2 .2 5.5 1.9 4.3 3.7 1 .1 1.7 1.9 .1 (*) .2 2.3 .3 .7 .9 2 .0 3.4 1 .6 2.9 3.9 4.7 4.2 6 .8 1. 2 _ 8.3 3.7 5.6 7.7 5.6 6.4 9.6 6.5 8.3 4. 1 2.4 2 .8 8 .8 0 .1 - .1 _ 2.9 4.9 5.4 1.3 2.9 2 .2 14.9 9.3 3.5 17. 9 2.4 .6 2.3 .4 1 .6 2 .0 1 0 .1 1 Excludes prem pay for overtim and for work on w ium e eekends, holidays, and late shifts. - _ - .1 _ - - - Mws I id et Mws I id et I 9,435 $7.55 $6.97 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 0.3 6 ,1 2 2 Txs eaLu iaa ois nGlfCat u os 23,321 $7.50 1 0 0 .0 - - - .6 0.3 (*) .1 .1 .1 .8 .1 (*) (*) .4 .5 .3 .6 3. 6 1.4 1.5 0 .2 - .9 .2 1 .6 .8 4. 5 1.5 1 .6 4.8 7.1 5.0 4.4 3.7 3.7 5.9 2 .6 6 .6 5.4 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.5 5.3 4.3 6.5 8 .0 4.2 2 .6 8 .8 .6 1 .6 5.4 24.1 5. 6 4.0 3. 8 4.8 5.2 1 .0 4.5 1 .6 2.7 5.6 1.3 1.7 1 .1 .8 1 0 0 .0 9.8 .9 Rcy ok Mn in o ta u 8,287 ! $7.36 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 0 .6 - < *) (*) .4 .3 3.0 .1 .4 2.5 1 .2 6 .0 1.5 .1 .1 1 .6 .2 1.5 2 .6 2 .2 .2 1 .0 3.3 1.9 .8 6.3 1 .8 2 .1 .9 1.9 2.7 4.0 2.4 1.9 2.9 5.0 2 .8 1.7 1.7 2.9 27.0 14.6 8 .0 .8 1 .8 5.1 .7 .1 .8 .8 5.1 5.4 7.9 4.5 3.0 4.4 4. 1 8 .6 1.3 3.7 1 .1 .8 4.9 .7 _ .1 - - Wt e s Cat os 2,833 $7.45 1 .6 1 .0 2 .0 <) * <) * Less than 0.05 percent. TxsIn nea lad NrthLu iaa o ois nAass rkna 3,400 $6.51 .1 .1 2 .0 .8 2 .1 2.3 2 .0 2 .0 1.7 (*) <) * < *) <) * .1 1 .2 .4 0 .2 8 .1 1 .0 3.2 2.3 5.0 1.4 4.4 2.3 1 .2 1 .8 3.9 3.7 3. 2 3.3 9.1 3.6 .6 12.4 12. 5 11.9 5.2 1.7 9.7 .9 3.1 - 1 .1 2 .8 1 .8 12.7 .5 1.9 1 .6 23.7 2 .1 2.7 .6 5.7 3.3 3.8 .6 T a b l e 3 . O c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s : A ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s (Number and average hourly earnings1 of production w orkers in selected occupations in petroleum refineries. United States and regions, April 1976) Es at Cat os Uite nd S te ta s Dprtmnadocptio ea et n cua n Nme u br o f wrkrs oe Ae g vrae hu orly ern g a ins M IN E A C A TNNE B IL R A E S, M IN E A C ............... O E MKR A TNNE 921 $7.79 685 7.73 C R N E S, M IN E A C .................. A PE T R A T N N E ELECTRICIA S, M IN E A C ............... , 1,108 7.75 N A TNNE 1,531 6.62 H ELPERS, M IN E A C T A E A T N N E R D S............ 1,371 7.83 IN R M N R IR S....................... ST U E T EPA ER 1,447 7.78 M C IN A H ISTS, M IN E A C .................. A TNNE M C A IC G N R L E H N S, E E A ........................... 2,334 7.86 M C A IC M IN E A C E H N S, A T N N E 1,155 7.71 (M C IN R ).................................... AH EY PIPEFITTERS, M IN E A C ................. 2,751 7.74 A TNNE H L E S, H N , M IN E A C ............. E DR AD A TN NE 1,254 7.69 POE G R C SSIN A SSISTA T O E A O S N P R T R ......................... 8,684 7.62 C IEF O R T R ................................ 6,573 8.14 H PE A O S C IEF O R T R H L R H PE A O S' E PE S................. 3,068 7. 12 C MO N E S O P U D R ...................................... 7.44 2 02 L B RR A O E S........................................... 2,717 6.09 L A E S, T N C R O T U K O D R A K A S R R C S.......... 865 6.81 P C A E FILLERS, M C IN ................. AKG AH E 655 6 . 89 PU PE S............................................. M R 1,705 7.58 PU PER H PE S.............................. M S' EL R 765 7.27 T EA S, OILS................................. R TER 515 7.08 TR TER H L R OILS.................. EA S' E PE S, 209 7.41 IN TIN A D T ST G SPEC G N E IN R U IN TESTER L B R T R ............ 2,504 7.38 OT E S, A O A O Y R C R IN A D C N R L E OD G N OTO 542 7.22 S OK C E K T C L R S.................................... M T R L MVMN A E IA O E E T P WR R C O R T R FORKLIFT.... O E -T U K PE A O S, 168 6.67 P WR R C O R T R , O H R T A O E -T U K PE A O S T E H N 77 FO LIFT......................................... RK 7.21 T U K R E S..................................... R C D IV R 810 6.71 C S O IA UT D L 521 6.64 G A D .............................................. URS 351 5.96 JA ITO N RS........................................... Nme u br o f wrkrs oe Ae g vrae hu orly ern g a ins $7.94 7.94 7.99 6.95 8 .0 2 7.96 8.13 264 7.93 147 8.03 122 66 132 214 148 189 794 1 _ _ - - 17 $6.44 56 5.97 13 6 . 88 9 6.60 45 6.44 34 6.36 27 6 . 1 1 116 $7.71 70 7.64 136 7.70 327 6.75 201 7.73 226 7.72 778 7.90 107 7.68 429 7.69 166 7.65 Txs eaTxsIn nea lad Rcy ok Wt e s Lu iaa ois nNrthLu iaa o ois nMn in o ta u Cat os GlfCat u os Aass rkna Nme Ae g Nme Ae g Nme Ae g Nme Ae g Nme Ae g u br vrae u br vrae u br vrae u br vrae u br vrae hu orly hu orly o f hu orly hu orly o f o f o f hu orly o f wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g o e a ins o e a ins a ins o e a ins o e a ins o e Mws I id et I 26 $7.53 498 $7.80 333 7.78 33 7.29 518 7.86 83 7.42 152 6.46 428 6.67 91 7.41 625 7.89 73 7.43 589 7.80 647 7.84 132 7.46 176 7.49 1,284 7.79 12 1 7.41 501 7.79 _ _ 31 $7.06 68 7.04 106 6 . 0 2 37 7.11 26 7.07 - 74 61 66 - 6 .6 8 6.96 6.96 _ 24 $7.72 43 6.76 75 7.79 67 7.75 166 7.65 37 7.71 156 7.77 83 7.79 , 102 665 215 28 104 46 180 261 65 24 18 8.60 7.37 8.07 6.31 7.23 6.78 7.98 7.37 8 .1 1 7.22 96 153 21 155 14 51 69 55 - 6.67 1,733 6.97 907 471 23 6.39 5.81 483 6.48 152 6.43 6.44 279 60 5.99 37 - 7.76 8.26 7.40 7.92 6.42 7.37 7.61 7.50 7.04 - 848 604 392 26 577 199 63 173 51 81 - 7. 17 3,007 7.70 2,643 7.01 1,332 7.40 42 6.15 806 6.67 132 219 6.92 7. 13 521 6.87 473 7. 14 174 72 - 7.68 8.24 7. 16 8 .0 0 6.05 6.77 6.81 7.92 7.35 7.28 7.57 442 399 192 32 310 160 105 26 75 6.91 7.34 6.27 6.72 5.55 6.05 - 389 8 .0 1 73 6.29 356 7.41 308 6.94 872 7.61 194 6.46 123 7.26 10 6.09 77 7.15 39 6.87 204 7.49 21 44 6.82 7.31 6.98 - 6.99 7.03 7.15 44 54 6.63 7.09 6.64 251 6.84 42 6.90 5.97 17 53 6.37 6.13 229 126 6.59 5.96 _ _ _ " “ 16 18 93 113 46 8 .0 1 6.71 6 .1 1 Excludes prem pay for overtim and for work on w ium e eekends, holidays and late shifts. Wte e rn s Pnslvn eny aia Mws I id et WtV in e irg ia s Nme Ae g Nme Ae g u br vrae u br vrae hu orly o f o f hu orly a ins o e a ins wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g oe - 15 154 _ _ “ ~ 99 11 48 12 115 $7.85 i 111 7.84 130 7.88 205 6.54 181 7.97 268 7.84 36 7.92 60 7.87 347 7.83 143 7.83 7.72 1,040 8 . 15 885 7.23 216 27 6.06 141 7.03 79 35 7.61 206 7.50 63 47 53 7.49 8 .2 0 7.04 7.24 6 .2 1 7.29 6.62 7.41 7.03 7.76 7.41 125 6.93 187 7.39 6.42 15 7.18 53 6.94 6.14 26 6.92 - - 36 29 6.56 6.27 6 .6 8 6 .2 1 6.29 - 416 317 206 141 83 91 27 - NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m publication criteria. eet _ 5.43 Table 4. Occupational averages: By size of community (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings' of production workers in selected occupations, United States and regions, A pril 1976) Occupation United States M etropolitan areas United States Nonmetropolitan areas East Coast Metropolitan areas W estern Pennsylvania W Virginia est Nonmetropolitan areas M idwest-1 Metropolitan areas M idwest-2 M etropolitan areas M idwest-2 Nonmetropolitan areas Texas- Louisiana Gulf Coast Metropolitan Texas InlandNorth Louisiana Nonmetropolitan Number of workers ASSISTANT OPERATORS......................................... BOILERMAKERS, MAINTENANCE........................ CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE.............................. CHIEF OPERATORS.................................................... CHIEF OPERATORS* HELPERS........................... COMPOUNDERS............................................................... ELE CTR IC IA N S, MAINTENANCE........................ GUARDS............................................................................ HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES................... INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS...................................... JA N ITO RS....................................................................... LABORERS....................................................................... LOADERS, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS................ M ACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE.............................. MECHANICS, GENERAL............................................ MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE (MACHINERY)............................................................ PACKAGE F IL L E R S , MACHINE........................... P IP E F IT T E R S , MAINTENANCE........................... POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, FORKLIFT____ POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, OTHER THAN FO R K L IFT.................................................................... PUMPERS.......................................................................... PUMPERS* HELPERS................................................. ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY................... STOCK CLERKS............................................................ TREATERS, O IL S ....................................................... TREATERS' HELPERS, O I L ................................. TRUCKDRIVERS............................................................ WELDERS, HAND, MAINTENANCE...................... See footnotes at end of table. A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings Number of workers 7 ,1 3 6 854 579 5 ,0 0 2 2 ,2 7 4 138 929 478 1 ,2 5 7 1 ,1 4 4 260 1 ,7 7 1 57 5 1 ,2 1 4 2 ,0 6 3 $ 7 . 69 7 . 81 7 .7 8 8 .2 7 7 .2 3 7 . 73 7 .8 3 6 . 68 $ 7 .2 7 7 .5 9 7 .4 3 7 .7 1 6 .8 1 6 . 82 7 .3 5 6 .2 8 6 .3 5 7 . 56 5 .7 7 1 , 102 122 66 96 153 - $ 6 .6 7 6 .9 7 6 .3 9 6 .4 4 5 .9 7 $ 7 .7 6 7 .7 1 7 .6 4 8 .2 7 7 .4 5 7 .9 2 7 .7 0 6 .9 0 6 .7 2 7 .7 4 $ 7 .3 3 562 $ 7 .0 8 7 .4 6 7 .2 6 7 .6 1 6 .8 5 7 .4 0 7 .3 5 _ 6 . 23 7 .3 3 6 .7 4 7 .5 9 7 . 52 6 .1 4 6 .5 9 7 .4 1 - 2 ,8 6 5 i $ 7 . 6 8 4 90 7 .8 0 327 7 .7 8 2 ,2 3 9 8 . 31 1 ,1 8 1 7 .2 0 42 8 .0 0 496 7 .8 7 229 6 .5 9 4 28 6 .6 7 5 79 7 .9 0 126 5 .9 6 788 6 .0 4 120 6 .7 5 509 7 .8 1 “ 334 _ 25 291 126 5 .8 1 6 .4 8 6 .6 0 6 .4 4 1 ,5 5 9 108 62 799 402 23 116 94 28 8 165 28 427 132 217 73 3 2 86 - 665 215 28 132 113 214 148 46 104 46 189 794 $ 8 .0 1 7 .9 4 7 .9 4 8 .6 0 7 .3 7 8 .0 7 7 .9 9 6 .7 1 6 .9 5 7 .8 8 6 .0 3 6 .1 3 6 . 85 7 .8 1 7 . 91 1 ,5 4 8 67 106 1 ,5 7 1 794 64 17 9 43 27 4 227 91 946 29 0 233 271 894 541 2 ,3 3 5 132 7 .7 8 6 .9 4 7 .7 8 6 .7 0 261 114 416 36 7 . 49 6 .6 1 7 . 50 6 .5 9 1 80 2 64 44 6 .7 8 7 .9 3 6 .8 2 51 34 “ 6 .4 3 6 .3 6 62 40 4 52 1 ,3 4 1 6 81 1 ,9 5 1 455 325 183 679 973 7 .3 5 7 .7 0 7 .3 3 7 .5 5 7 . 31 7 .2 9 7 .4 3 6 .7 3 7 .7 7 25 364 84 55 3 87 190 6 .9 1 7 .1 6 6 . 86 6 .8 1 6 .7 5 6 .7 0 18 261 65 389 123 24 18 93 147 7 .3 1 7 .9 8 7 .3 7 7 .2 6 10 8 .1 1 55 6 .4 4 6 .2 9 6 .0 9 5 .9 9 11 8 .0 1 69 73 7 .2 2 6 .9 8 8 .0 3 27 6 .6 8 - 131 281 6 .0 0 - 6 .5 9 7 .4 0 - 8 .0 2 6 .1 1 6 .3 1 7 .2 3 7 .9 6 8 .1 3 - 21 17 56 13 155 14 9 45 - 6 .8 8 11 24 6 47 332 66 33 - - - 131 148 6 .1 1 - - - 7 .5 3 6 .7 3 6 . 14 11 29 391 248 6 .4 3 7 .4 3 7 .7 2 7 .9 0 31 71 24 168 83 ~ 6 .7 7 “ 52 _ 81 58 29 409 116 59 - 7 .6 2 7 .6 9 6 .9 9 67 “ 7 .5 4 _ 65 37 106 16 7 .3 8 6 . 80 7 .4 4 6 .6 0 578 2 19 1 ,1 9 0 - 7 .8 1 6 .8 1 7 .7 9 “ 59 _ 43 7 .0 1 7 .5 6 7 .5 1 7 .4 2 7 .0 9 6 .9 1 61 7 .2 6 6 .9 7 7 .0 8 - 10 112 7 .0 1 7 .0 6 6 .8 0 6 .8 5 6 .8 1 7 .0 3 463 47 3 824 193 174 72 247 457 _ 7 .9 4 7 . 35 7 .6 1 7 .5 3 7 .2 8 7 .5 7 6 .8 4 7 .7 9 - 6 .1 2 - 7 .1 5 7 .6 5 20 120 - 6 .2 0 - - - - 46 7 .5 2 20 31 188 25 55 _ 35 75 6 .1 2 _ 6 .5 4 7 .3 4 20 53 _ 43 25 223 76 23 - ~ 69 26 131 21 51 _ 24 42 Average hourly earnings $ 7 .0 2 i 7 .1 5 7 .4 7 6 .1 4 6 .6 5 7 .2 0 6 .0 5 7 .2 7 5 .7 2 6 .5 2 7 .2 7 6 .8 3 _ 7 .0 5 _ 6 .8 8 6 .2 1 6 .6 2 6 .4 2 6 .3 6 _ 6 .3 2 7 .0 9 Table 4. Occupational averages: By size of community—Continued (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 o f production workers in selected occupations, United States and regions, A pril 1976) Rocky M ountain Metropolitan W est Coast Metropolitan Occupation Number of workers Average hourly earnings 1 , 028 111 $ 7 .4 9 7 .8 5 7 .8 4 7 .7 1 6 .0 6 7 .7 0 7 .5 6 873 2 16 27 124 36 190 178 29 129 64 2 62 36 7 .0 4 7 .2 4 7 . 89 6 .5 6 6 .5 3 7 .9 7 6 .2 7 6 . 19 7 .3 1 7 . 84 7 .9 2 7 .7 1 7 .6 9 7 .4 7 7 .3 0 7 .0 0 7 . 36 6 .7 3 - 60 35 341 206 63 175 53 44 53 137 7 .8 7 6 . 62 7 .8 4 7 .4 1 7 .0 3 7 .4 2 6 .9 4 7 .7 8 7 . 41 7 .8 4 Number .Average of hourly workers earnings o ASSISTANT OPERATORS.......................................... BOILERMAKERS, MAINTENANCE......................... CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE.............................. CHIEP OPERATORS.................................................... CHIEF OPERATORS* HELPERS............................ COMPOONDERS............................................................... ELECTRICIA NS, MAINTENANCE......................... GUARDS............................................................................ HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES.................... INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS...................................... JANITORS....................................................................... LABORERS...................................................................... LOADERS, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS................. MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE.............................. MECHANICS, GENERAL............................................ MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE (MACHINERY)............................................................ PACKAGE FILLER S, MACHINE............................ P IP E F IT T E R S , MAINTENANCE........................... PUMPERS......................................................................... PUMPERS' HELPERS................................................. ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY................... STOCK CLERKS............................................................ TREATERS, O IL S ....................................................... TREATERS' HELPERS, O IL ................................. TRUCKDRIVERS............................................................ WELDERS, HAND, MAINTENANCE...................... 188 1 05 15 29 68 20 90 25 48 68 13 48 6 16 _ $ 7 .7 5 8 .0 3 7 .6 8 - 115 8 .2 0 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and fo r work on weekends, holidays and late shifts. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. Table 5. Occupational averages: By size of establishment (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of production workers in selected occupations, United States and regions, April 1976) United States 100-999 workers Occupation Number of workers ASSISTANT OPERATORS......................................... BOILERMAKERS, MAINTENANCE........................ CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE.............................. CHIEF OPERATORS................................................... CHIEF OPERATORS' HELPERS........................... COMPOUNDERS.............................................................. ELECTRICIA NS, MAINTENANCE........................ GUARDS........................................................................... HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES................... INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS...................................... JA N IT O RS..................................................................... LABORERS...................................................................... LOADERS, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS................. M ACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE.............................. MECHANICS, GENERAL........................................... MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE (MACHINERY)........................................................... PACKAGE F IL L E R S, MACHINE........................... P IP E F IT T E R S , MAINTENANCE........................... POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, FORKLIFT____ POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, OTHER THAN FO RKLIFT................................................................... PUMPERS........................................................................ PUMPERS' HELPERS................................................ ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY................... STOCK CLERKS........................................................... TREATERS, O IL S ...................................................... TREATERS' HELPERS, O IL ................................. TRUCKDRIVERS........................................................... WELDERS, HAND, MAINTENANCE...................... See footnotes at end of table. A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings 5 ,0 2 0 349 306 4 ,0 4 4 2 ,1 7 9 $ 7 .5 4 7 . 78 7 .6 4 7 .9 7 7 .0 6 7 . 12 7 .6 3 6 .3 9 6 .5 3 7 .7 8 5 . 88 6 .0 8 6 .7 7 7 .7 3 7 .7 5 3 ,6 6 4 572 379 2 ,5 2 9 88 9 82 539 303 537 54 0 147 892 116 621 1 , 197 $ 7 .7 2 7 . 80 7 .8 0 8 . 40 7 .2 9 7 .9 1 7 .8 8 6 .8 3 6 .7 9 7 .9 0 6 .0 7 86 7 .5 9 6 .7 5 7 .6 9 6 . 52 54 1 ,2 1 6 38 1 1 ,6 3 2 268 40 9 124 477 778 7 . 19 7 . 45 7 .2 1 7 .2 2 7 .0 3 6 . 83 7 .3 6 6 . 59 7 .6 0 120 569 218 994 831 20 4 1 ,8 2 5 749 826 1 , 137 560 266 1 ,4 6 0 East Coast 100-999 workers United States 1,000 workers or more Number of workers 64 7 45 24 323 96 69 65 - Number of workers A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings $ 7 .9 5 7 .9 3 7 .9 0 8 .5 5 7 .2 6 - 455 77 42 342 - 96 153 - $ 7 .8 2 7 .7 1 7 .5 9 63 48 153 73 37 109 $ 6 .6 7 6 .9 7 6 .3 9 6 .4 4 5 .9 7 1 ,0 7 4 65 41 714 4 22 8 .0 0 6 .6 8 $ 8 .1 0 7 .9 5 7 .9 6 8 .6 4 8 . 12 7 .9 7 6 .7 5 7 .0 7 6 . 28 7 .2 6 7 .9 7 7 . 07 7 .8 4 7 .9 7 59 5 389 1 ,2 9 1 82 7 .8 3 6 .9 8 7 .7 9 6 . 84 108 151 ~ 6 .8 2 7 .9 5 ~ 23 489 38 4 872 274 106 85 33 3 47 6 7 .2 7 7 .9 0 7 . 33 7 .6 9 7 .4 0 8 .0 4 7 .4 9 150 170 45 76 7 .8 9 8 .3 1 7 . 17 7 .9 8 6 .8 8 7 .8 4 M idwest-1 100-999 workers A verage hourly earnings 8 .0 6 7 .0 9 7 .9 5 8 .1 3 6 .1 0 or m ore W estern PennsylvaniaW V est irginia 100-999 workers Number of workers A verage hourly earnings 9 80 30 9 10 1 East Coast 1,000 workers 20 21 10 111 8 .2 1 7 .4 3 8 .2 0 ~ ~ 17 56 13 155 14 9 45 - 6 .8 2 51 34 ” 6 .4 3 6 .3 6 93 2 52 ~ 7 .6 4 7 .6 8 “ - 6 .4 4 6 .2 9 6 .0 9 5 .9 9 - 15 2 79 60 277 7 .0 3 7 .6 1 7 .5 0 7 .4 1 7 .1 8 6 .9 6 7 .2 3 7 .6 5 44 - - 111 8 .1 0 12 7 .7 8 7 .3 1 8 .0 9 7 .0 3 8 .0 9 219 78 45 71 69 73 10 55 27 6 .8 8 5 .8 1 6 .4 8 6 .6 0 6 .4 4 6 .1 1 7 .7 1 6 .9 3 6 .7 5 7 .7 4 5 .9 4 6 .4 2 7 .3 6 7 .7 2 71 28 4 177 45 403 148 166 3 68 8 .0 1 68 33 104 166 Table 5. Occupational averages: By size of establishment—Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings' o f production workers in selected occupations, United States and regions, A pril 1976) M idwest-2 100-999 workers Occupation G ulf Coast 1,000 workers or more Texas-Inland North Louisana 100-999 workers Rocky Mountain 100-999 workers W est Coast 100-999 workers W est Coast 1,000 workers or m ore A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings Number of workers A verage hourly earnings 848 26 33 604 392 26 83 17 152 91 53 577 199 73 - $ 7 .1 7 7 . 53 7 .2 9 7 .7 0 7 .0 1 7 .4 0 7 .4 2 6 .3 7 6 . 46 7 .4 1 6 . 13 6 .1 5 6 . 67 7 .4 3 - 876 106 62 94 1 615 10 8 38 170 19 8 2 ,1 3 1 3 92 271 1 ,7 0 2 717 42 410 191 258 42 7 116 732 54 359 - $ 7 .7 0 7 .7 8 7 .7 8 8 .3 4 7 .2 8 442 31 399 192 32 $ 7 .7 2 8 .1 5 7 .2 3 7 .7 2 6 .7 6 7 .7 9 5 .4 3 6 .0 6 7 .0 3 7 .7 5 7 .6 5 $ 7 .5 1 7 .8 4 7 .8 3 8 .0 8 7 .0 4 7 .8 5 6 .6 2 6 .0 5 7 .0 4 7 .8 1 - 416 317 20 6 24 43 75 16 141 83 67 166 621 63 74 5 93 106 37 310 160 26 - $ 6 .9 1 7 .0 6 7 .3 4 6 .2 7 6 .7 2 7 .0 4 - 74 78 230 168 $ 7 .6 3 7 .8 6 7 .8 2 8 .0 6 7 .0 3 7 .8 3 4 .9 9 6 .5 6 7 .8 4 5 .3 0 6 .0 5 6 . 59 7 .7 8 6 .9 9 $ 7 .4 7 7 .8 5 8 .4 4 7 .9 5 6 .5 6 6 .4 2 7 .8 5 - 132 63 1 76 44 7 .4 6 6 .9 2 7 .4 9 6 . 63 153 366 - 7 .9 7 7 .8 1 - 49 4 219 918 - 7 .8 0 6 .8 1 7 .7 9 - 74 61 - 37 156 - 7 .7 1 7 .7 7 - 25 264 - 7 .8 5 - 12 7 .0 9 7 . 13 6 .8 7 6 .9 4 6 .8 7 7 . 14 6 .6 4 7 . 41 Number of workers ASSISTANT OPERATORS......................................... BOILERMAKERS, MAINTENANCE........................ CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE.............................. CHIEF OPERATORS.................................................... CHIEF OPERATORS' HELPERS........................... COMPOUNDERS............................................................... ELE C TR IC IA N S, MAINTENANCE........................ GUARDS............................................................................ HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES................... INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS...................................... JA N IT O R S...................................................................... LABORERS....................................................................... LOADERS, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS................ M ACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE.............................. MECHANICS, GENERAL........................................... MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE (MACHINERY)............................................................ PACKAGE F IL L E R S , MACHINE........................... P IP E F IT T E R S , MAINTENANCE........................... POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, F O R K L IF T .... POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, OTHER THAN FO R K L IFT.................................................................... PUMPERS.......................................................................... PUMPERS' HELPERS................................................. ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY................... STOCK CLERKS............................................................ TREATERS, O IL S ...................................................... TRUCKDRIVERS............................................................ WELDERS, HAND, MAINTENANCE...................... G ulf Coast 100-999 workers 173 51 308 39 81 54 121 10 _ _ 206 122 322 44 30 135 7 .9 2 7 . 43 7 .4 8 7 . 30 6 .7 9 7 .8 0 1 Excludes premium pay fo r overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. _ 8 .0 0 7 .8 7 6 .9 0 6 .7 4 7 .9 1 6 .0 2 _ 68 _ 315 351 550 160 76 7 .9 2 7 .3 3 7 .6 9 7 .5 5 105 26 194 8 .0 1 221 6 .8 5 7 .7 9 75 42 366 21 66 6 .0 2 7 .1 1 5 .5 5 6 .0 5 7 .0 7 6 .6 8 6 .9 6 - _ 6 .6 8 6 .2 1 6 .4 6 6 .4 2 6 .2 9 6 . 14 6 .9 6 _ 91 27 125 15 26 83 _ 7 .6 1 7 .5 0 6 .9 3 7 .1 8 6 .9 2 7 .7 9 139 8 .0 1 11 6 .4 4 134 58 175 36 7 .5 1 7 .8 4 7 .9 2 419 37 292 41 36 83 42 - 7 .9 2 7 .8 3 - _ 83 - 212 89 122 _ 143 63 163 26 33 104 6 .2 1 _ 7 .3 9 7 .0 3 7 .3 2 6 .9 7 7 .5 7 7 .8 2 _ 63 27 39 _ _ 7 .4 5 6 .9 1 7 .8 5 Table 6. Occupational earnings: United States (Distributions o f workers in selected occupations in petroleum refineries by straight-time hourly earnings,1 April 1976) Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of- Department and occupation ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS................................. 5.50 and under 5.60 Number of workers Average hourly earnings 6 3 ,2 8 9 $ 7 .3 8 92 1 685 1 ,1 0 8 1 ,5 3 1 1 ,3 7 1 1 ,4 4 7 2 ,3 3 4 7 .7 9 7 .7 3 7 .7 5 6 .6 2 7 .8 3 7 .7 8 7 .8 6 1 ,1 5 5 2 ,7 5 1 1 ,2 5 4 7 .7 1 7 .7 4 7 .6 9 18 7 8 ,6 8 4 6 ,5 7 3 3 ,0 6 8 2 ,7 1 7 865 655 1 ,7 0 5 765 515 209 7 .6 2 8 .1 4 7 .1 2 7 .4 4 6 .0 9 6 .8 1 6 .8 9 7 . 58 7 .2 7 7 .0 8 7 .4 1 36 24 158 44 2 ,5 0 4 7 .3 8 54 2 7 . 22 Under 5.50 5.60 5.70 5.80 5.90 6.00 6.10 6.20 6.30 6.40 6.50 6.60 6.70 6.80 6.90 7.00 7.20 7.40 7.60 7.80 8.00 8.20 8.40 8.60 8.80 5.70 5.80 5.90 6.00 6.10 6.20 6.30 6.40 6.50 6.60 6.70 6.80 6.90 7.00 7.20 7.40 7.60 7.80 8.00 8.20 8.40 8.60 8.80 9.00 9.00 and over ' 75 13 9 426 680 687 1 5 3 9 936 145 8 1289 1 6 0 8 1 3 3 8 2 0 3 4 2 4 3 0 1 8 3 8 4 0 2 5 4 9 6 0 4 2 4 4 117 5 3 1 1 1 7 2 3 8 9 8 3053 1550 430 153 189 f _ 3 3 - _ - _ - 2 _ 39 14 _ 84 4 - _ 71 - 134 _ - 11 _ 3 - 9 - - _ 15 69 _ 4 78 6 _ 3 36 3 - 1 3 5 40 2 - 3 - - 5 3 - 10 " - 3 - - 19 - - - _ _ 4 - 12 24 146 - _ 3 417 49 5 5 - _ 27 36 215 - _ 9 10 4 44 213 3 620 23 4 40 8 15 1503 1231 87 20 33 1 13 2 16 1 179 167 4 50 54 10 - 4 219 - _ _ 154 - 116 2 < 223 MAINTENANCE BOILERMAKERS, MAINTENANCE......................... CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE............................... ELECTR IC IA N S, MAINTENANCE......................... HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES.................... INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS....................................... M ACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE.............................. MECHANICS, GENERAL............................................. MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE (MACHINERY)............................................................. P IP E F IT T E R S , MAINTENANCE............................ WELDERS, HAND, MAINTENANCE...................... _ 1 4 27 8 12 6 - 2 1 6 4 1 - 2 _ 2 1 - 3 7 277 4 - 4 _ 8 6 2 2 239 355 10 2 6 7 23 - _ 5 18 - 4 7 3 - 92 40 33 121 118 57 100 - 115 29 4 58 16 4 4 - 8 38 167 19 40 18 3 41 27 5 59 33 31 - 9 18 23 10 12 16 4 _ 11 26 40 6 22 66 21 6 6 72 41 45 28 44 39 67 28 81 57 528 105 981 18 9 869 18 17 13 38 46 35 67 64 60 44 440 3 20 179 322 620 622 422 280 690 776 679 498 29 15 75 34 41 829 82 151 427 352 1393 1 0 6 7 465 468 180 48 76 - 6 8 - _ 6 PROCESSING ASSISTANT OPERATORS.......................................... CHIEF OPERATORS..................................................... CHIEF OPERATORS' HELPERS............................ COMPOUNDERS............................................................... LABORERS........................................................................ LOADERS, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS................. PACKAGE F IL L E R S , MACHINE............................ PUMPERS.......................................................................... PUMPERS' HELPERS.................................................. TREATERS, O IL S ....................................................... TREATERS' HELPERS, O IL S ............................... 202 12 20 81 3 - 6 73 19 - 12 2 319 25 9 - _ 4 516 18 37 16 3 - 435 27 14 26 " 8 95 4 18 0 27 32 28 68 8 76 6 2 40 279 28 8 6 89 83 69 79 14 19 171 23 126 2 83 29 45 9 4 4 279 6 2 0 0 6 637 2 3 2 1244 4 37 156 20 30 5 4 2 14 44 46 24 21 35 174 161 538 83 100 73 27 30 55 52 65 10 666 11 11 2 121 - " - - 52 12 - 2 3 - 62 13 30 13 85 46 74 73 165 127 141 222 248 312 53 2 77 44 45 100 10 16 8 2 - - - - 2 - 10 - 7 9 5 8 21 71 69 128 121 18 58 4 1 - - - - 10 30 3 45 - 8 8 66 8 8 11 1 43 66 93 19 21 28 1 2 - INSPECTING AND TESTING ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY................... RECORDING AND CONTROL STOCK CLERKS............................................................ MATERIAL MOVEMENT POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, F O R K L I F T .... POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, OTHER THAN FO RKLIFT..................................................................... TRUCKDRIVERS............................................................ 168 6 . 67 6 - - - - 2 - 1 - - 20 22 17 30 41 22 _ 5 _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 810 7 .2 1 6 .7 1 27 - - - 2 - - - 1 10 210 14 15 1 8 4 - - - - - - 84 8 - 62 8 6 4 23 2 96 5 105 98 - 7 5 - 13 - - - 521 351 6 .6 4 5 .9 6 6 - 6 4 9 2 2 5 _ 69 8 86 38 46 74 3 97 11 100 2 72 - 23 15 59 4 3 - 254 1 - - 3 30 36 CUSTODIAL GUARDS............................................................................. JA N IT O R S........................................................................ 33 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays and late shifts. 27 11 2 - - _ _ - - - Workers were distributed as follows: 34 under $ 5 .2 0 ; 1 at $ 5 .2 0 -$ 5 .3 0 ; and 11 at $ 5 .4 0 -$ 5 .5 0 . _ _ " - T a b le 7. O ccupational earnings: East coast (D istribution o f workers in selected occupations by straight tim e hourly earnings,1 April 1976) Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) ofDepartment and occupation Number of workers A verage hourly earnings 8 ,1 4 1 $ 7 .7 3 122 66 ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS................................. 7 .9 4 7 .9 4 7 .9 9 6 .9 5 6.20 Under 6.20 36 and under 6.30 6.30 6.40 6.50 6.60 6.70 6.80 6.90 7.00 7.10 7.20 7.30 7.40 7.50 7.60 7.70 7.80 7.90 8.00 8.10 8.20 8.30 8.40 8.60 6.40 6.50 6.60 6.70 6.80 6.90 7.00 7.10 7.20 7.30 7.40 7.50 7.60 7.70 7.80 7.90 8.00 8.10 8.20 8.30 8.40 8.60 8.80 162 27 7 131 239 232 236 184 53 74 400 166 438 108 2 36 183 1 2 1 0 75 9 78 41 35 22 56 283 146 1 22 1 93 49 8.80 and over 28 15 19 545 359 1 05 40 3 58 4 2 15 2 92 - - - 4 ~ “ MAINTENANCE ELECTR IC IA N S, MAINTENANCE......................... INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS....................................... MPPD1UTPC n VVPD IT n TDTVTUOPPDC Ml T UfpT?U1 Upp uv r n v D c u m rt m it u t p u iu p v 1 32 214 148 189 794 264 147 - - - - 5 56 60 17 3 - 1 9 16 10 63 41 63 147 49 70 94 18 72 36 328 8 .0 2 7 .9 6 8 .1 3 7 .9 3 8 .0 3 7 32 776 45 43 22 246 185 271 28 - 4 6 8 46 8 : 19 PROCESSING % CCTCPlVT AT)pDi mno c pOTPP nDPDlTHPQ PDTPP ADPPini/tDCl tJPf DP BC rn M D n n u n p p c t ft n n p p d c Tm n P D Q rpftinr r i p e HR T D iin r^ O lP V lflP PTTT PPC M rOT UP ft Dn MDP P c PUMPERS' HELPERS.................................................. rpDPAfpP p e ATT C fPDPlfPVDCI UpT DPDC ATT C 1 , 10 2 8 .0 1 665 215 28 10 4 46 180 26 1 65 24 18 8 .6 0 7 .3 7 8 .0 7 6 .3 1 7 .2 3 6 .7 8 7 .9 8 7 .3 7 389 8 .0 1 12 3 7 .2 6 91 313 59 3 8 16 4 7 2 58 41 1 16 6 7 48 4 12 1 1 119 1 1 1 3 1 5 20 - - - 5 4 5 ” 104 15 8 4 32 4 12 4 _ 4 8 .1 1 7 .2 2 3 82 12 4 4 4 10 4 45 2 1 11 3 53 22 29 INSPECTING AND TESTING ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY.................... 2 3 - 1 - 9 - 4 17 - 20 102 2 1 9 9 9 42 90 9 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - RECORDING AND CONTROL c rrtrp at p u re 16 MATERIAL MOVEMENT POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, F O R K L I F T .... POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, OTHER THAN PADFT TT?n» 'PDnrpDDTPPPC 44 6 .8 2 18 93 7 .3 1 6 .9 8 1 13 46 6 .1 1 - - - 2 - 25 8 24 61 26 - 17 6 4 39 9 5 16 CUSTODIAL r T 1 T f\ c T > T1 MTV ADC 6 .7 1 2 11 25 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , a n d la te s h i f t s . A ll w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 8 . 8 0 - $ 9 . 0 0 . 7 - 3 16 3 5 A ll w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 6 . 1 0 - $ 6 . 2 0 . Tab le 8. O ccupational earnings: W estern Pa.— W est Virginia (D istribution of workers in selected occupations in petroleum refineries by straight time hourly earnings,1 April 1976) Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) ofDepartment and occupation ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS................................. Number of workers A verage hourly earnings Under 4.50 4.50 and under 4.60 4.60 4.70 4.80 4.90 5.00 5.10 5.20 5.30 5.40 5.50 5.60 5.70 5.80 5.90 6.00 6.10 6.20 6.30 6.40 6.60 6.80 7.00 7.20 7.60 4.70 4.80 4.90 5.00 5.10 5.20 5.30 5.40 5.50 5.60 5.70 5.80 5.90 6.00 6.10 6.20 6.30 6.40 6.60 6.80 7.00 7.20 7.60 8.00 - - - 146 64 98 134 98 280 260 113 161 28 - - - - 14 - 3 - 22 1 2 - 2 - 5 - 2 2 4 7 - 5 1 ,7 5 0 $ 6 .2 3 17 - - - 1 3 17 56 13 g 6 .4 4 5 .9 7 6 .8 8 - - - - - - 48 83 74 119 21 - 17 - - 4 - 2 MAINTENANCE ELEC TR IC IA N S, MAINTENANCE......................... H ELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES.................... INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS .................................................... M l r* tVT MT M I T U <PPV 1 u r p M T ? rH lN T P 9 P T P ltF T T T R R S nK M PPH H IT NT S N lN fV WELDERS, HAND, MAINTENANCE.............................. 5 34 27 ' 1 1 D • DU 6 *44 6«36 6 . 11 _ 4 - 14 12 4 - - - - - - - - : - - - - - - 2 12 4 - 4 37 2 2 - _ - - ’ - ~ 2 0 44 - _ PROCESSING & N*r n P i ? n » T n o < ; rH T B P r» P i? B iT n p s r n m p n n a t»te r r .a R D R P R LOADERS, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS....................... p iriric p f t t t v r *; m rp T PUMPERS..................................................................................................... T R F l f K R<; r>TT<J 9 6 153 21 155 14 51 69 55 6 . 67 6 .9 7 6 .3 9 5 .8 1 15 114 18 6 .4 8 6 .4 3 6 .4 4 14 73 - - - - - - - 12 8 5 .9 9 _ 24 _ _ 2 2 _ 20 7 24 3 15 11 25 - 8 2 1 _ _ 22 INSPECTING AND TESTING ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY........................... 73 6 .2 9 10 6 .0 9 - - - - - - - - 10 - - - - - - - 8 - 12 8 RECORDING AND CONTROL STO CK C T . E R K S _____________________T1 Excludes premium pay fo r overtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 2 * - - Table 9. Occupational earnings: Midwest I (D istribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,1 in petroleum refineries, April 1976) Number o workersr c i i gs r i h - i eh u l e r i g (nd l a s off e e v n t a g t t m o r y a n n s i olr) Department and o c p t o cuain ALL PRODUCTION W O R K E R S .......... . 61 .0 Number o f workers Aeae vrg hul ory erig anns 61 .0 9,435 $7.55 122 116 70 1 36 327 2 26 778 7.71 7.6 4 7.70 6.75 7.73 7.72 7.9 0 1 07 429 166 7.68 7.69 7.65 1,733 7.76 8.26 7.40 7.92 6. 42 7.37 7.61 62 .0 63 .0 64 .0 65 .0 6.64 67 .0 68 .0 69 .0 70 .0 71 .0 72 .0 73 .0 74 .0 75 .0 76 .0 77 .0 78 .0 79 .0 80 .0 81 .0 82 .0 83 .0 8 .40 85 .0 und r e 62 .0 63 .0 64 .0 65 .0 66 .0 67 .0 68 .0 69 .0 70 .0 71 .0 72 .0 73 .0 74 .0 75 .0 76 .0 77 .0 78 .0 79 .0 80 .0 81 .0 82 .0 83 .0 84 .0 8 50 . 86 .0 86 .0 and oe vr 28 61 343 136 453 490 98 421 72 79 _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 10 2 138 60 1 48 421 250 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 187 _ _ _ 509 315 311 3 47 3 28 242 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 12 3 _ _ _ _ 4 513 2 2 7 8 532 382 358 _ 1 MAINTENANCE ROTLERMAKTRS, MAINTENANCE ......_ _ _ C A R P E N T E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E ............ . E L E C T R I C I A N S , M A I N T E N A N C E ....... . HEL P E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E T R A D E S ......... M A C H I N I S T S , M A I N T E N A N C E . . _______ ... M ECHA N T C S , O ENER AT...........____... 201 _ _ 12 48 _ 8 8 37 4 2 _ 3 (M A C H T N E R Y ) ....... .............. .... P T P E E T T T E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E . . . _________ NELDEBS, HAND, MAINTENANCE...................... 24 20 - - - - - - - - - 31 45 49 3 90 14 4 502 17 _ 21 1 _ _ _ 8 _ 108 20 10 6 10 _ 9 16 24 41 20 18 3 53 24 24 _ 2 _ - 4 40 _ - _ _ 85 34 65 MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE 29 3 - 80 24 285 25 26 13 38 18 58 64 50 24 74 73 688 187 133 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 2 _ _ _ _ _ - _ 30 _ _ _ " - - - 123 12 3 83 3 95 _ 58 33 _ _ _ _ _ PROCESSING ASSISTANT O P E R A T O R S . . . . .............................. H E L P E R S ............ 471 LABO R E R S . .......................... . LOADE R S , T A N K CARS OR T R U C K S ..... . 483 1 52 279 CHIEF OPERATORS* PUMPERS .......................................................................... TREATERS, O I L S . . . . . . . . . .............. .. _ 104 32 _ 12 _ _ 219 _ 119 _ 22 2 80 _ _ _ 33 _ _ 11 38 _ 6 13 _ 121 2 1 1 _ n 37 7.04 _ 356 7.41 12 77 7.1 5 _ 11 6.99 15 154 7.0 3 7 .15 _ 99 48 6.90 5 . 97 _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ _ 8 2 18 _ _ _ _ 41 4 21 3 19 10 4 16 5 - 21 51 4 44 26 25 76 26 g 8 91 32 18 6 u _ 87 _ _ 21 13 59 4 13 18 4 7 6 8 9 _ _ 3 28 -| 5 t l 92 180 _ 9 1 15 13 95 13 1 11 _ _ 9 _ _ _ 4 _ 27 1 _ _ - - - - 13 _ _ _ _ INSPECTING AND TESTING ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY.. . . . . . . _ 1 8 _ _ _ _ — _ 12 10 7 9 _ 6 2 - - - - - - _ _ 7 _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 35 19 4 5 - - 32 87 42 RECORDING AND CONTROL STOCK CLERKS.............................. MATERIAL MOVEMENT POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, F O R K L I F T . . . . POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, OTHER THAN FORKLIFT.............. .. TRUCKDRTVER*'_ - ................................................... _ 1 _ _ 4 — _ 7 _ 17 12 5 _ _ CUSTODIAL o n A n n s . _____ ____. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JANITORS ................................ ............. .. _ _ Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. _ _ Q 2 11 _ 4 23 2 _ 8 Workers were distributed as follovys: 16 at $ 5 .0 0 -$ 5 .1 0 and 2 at $ 5 .6 0 -$ 5 .7 0 . _ _ _ _ Table 10. Occupational earnings: Midwest II (Distribution o f workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings1 in petroleum refineries, April 1976) Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of- Number o f wres okr Department and o c p t o cuain ALL PRO D U CTIO N W O R K E R S ............................................. Aeae vrg hul ory erig anns 6 ,1 2 2 $ 6 .9 7 B O I L E R M A K E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E .................................. CARPENTERS, M A I N T E N A N C E .......................................... E L E C T R I C I A N S , M A I N T E N A N C E .................................. 26 33 83 152 91 73 98 55 57 .0 58 .0 59 .0 60 .0 61 .0 62 .0 63 .0 64 .0 65 .0 66 .0 67 .0 69 .0 70 .0 71 .0 72 .0 73 .0 74 .0 75 .0 76 .0 77 .0 78 .0 79 .0 80 .0 58 .0 59 .0 60 .0 61 .0 62 .0 63 .0 64 .0 65 .0 66 .0 67 .0 68 .0 69 .0 70 .0 71 .0 72 .0 73 .0 74 .0 75 .0 76 .0 77 .0 78 .0 79 .0 80 .0 81 .0 81 .0 ad n oe vr 98 46 89 100 29 1 437 30 5 271 228 227 362 407 324 264 398 489 256 539 168 342 82 104 69 63 8 5 - 1 1 2 10 6 5 2 10 2 11 7 - 1 8 12 - - 6 3 21 4 4 4 - 6 1 14 1 10 - 5 15 30 12 4 15 7 .5 3 7 .2 9 HELPERS, M A I N T E N A N C E T R A D E S ........................... I N S T R U M E N T R E P A I R E R S ..................................................... M A C H IN ISTS, M A I N T E N A N C E ....................... .................. Under 56 .0 56 .0 ad n udr ne 57 .0 10 M A INTENANCE 7 .4 2 6 .4 6 7 . 41 - - - 28 - - - 17 14 22 7 .4 3 2 8 6 35 - 14 - - - - - 10 - - 7 53 98 32 16 - 90 - 20 12 - - M E C H A N IC S , M A IN TEN A N CE ( M A C H I N E R Y ) ................................................................................... P IP E F IT T E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E ...................................... 132 176 7 .4 6 7 .4 9 2 W ELDERS, 121 7 .4 1 1 8 10 8 - 848 604 7 7 7 7 6 6 . 17 .7 0 .0 1 .4 0 . 15 .6 7 _ _ 36 .9 .1 .8 .1 HAND, M A I N T E N A N C E .............................. 10 6 14 1 3 3 23 6 48 12 24 1 1 16 22 16 33 10 114 17 27 198 - 55 142 90 1 8 13 22 28 11 12 9 31 32 25 _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - PR O C ESSIN G A S S I S T A N T O P E R A T O R S ........................................................ C H I E F O P E R A T O R S ....................................................................... C H IE F O PERA TO RS' H E L P E R S ...................................... C O M P O U N D E R S ...................................................................................... - _ - - L A B O R E R S ................................................................................................. LOADERS, T A N K C A R S O R T R U C K S ....................... PACKAGE F I L L E R S , M A C H I N E ...................................... 392 26 577 199 63 P U M P E R S ..................................................................................................... P U M P E R S ' H E L P E R S ................................................................... T R E A T E R S , O I L S ........................................................................... 173 51 81 6 7 6 7 308 6 . 94 - - - - 39 6 .8 7 - - - - _ _ _ - - IN S P E C T IN G RO U TIN E TESTERS, AN D STOCK AN D _ _ _ 104 _ 24 - 3 - - 4 - 32 - 24 - 56 8 - 39 6 - 163 14 1 - 172 18 - 44 6 .6 3 12 7 .0 9 TRnrKr»RTVER<? 54 6 .6 4 17 53 6 .3 7 6 * 13 . .......... 32 - 11 - 17 - 8 6 36 16 27 24 8 2 4 11 18 - 1 - 20 - 21 - - - 22 12 _ 72 82 - 48 - - 7 - - 1 - 1 - _ _ _ 104 - 59 - 30 - 2 - - _ _ - " - - 34 15 - 29 14 28 9 19 - 8 2 4 - 16 - - - 8 - 16 1 - - - 4 “ - - - - 10 2 - 27 24 27 22 44 - - - - - 2 4 2 8 1 8 20 5 3 2 10 - - 7 3 3 11 g 5 10 9 5 - 7 7 20 2 8 44 - 9 32 7 9 4 2 - - - - - - - 2 - - - - _ - 8 g _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ g - - 1 - C U STO D IA L . , 2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 98 _ 24 - 13 4 12 - 10 - - 10 4 - 33 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - _ _ _ MOVEMENT P O W E R - T R U C K O P E R A T O R S , F O R K L I F T ______ PO W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R S , OTHER THAN F O R K L I F T ............................................................................................. GITA R D S ..... ....... .IAN TTH R 9 29 2 52 50 - 28 66 - CONTROL C L E R K S .................................................................................. M A T E R IA L _ T E ST IN G L A B O R A T O R Y ........................... R E C O R D IN G 2 3 7 4 _ g g 1 3 24 2 12 1 7 Table 11. Occupational earnings: Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast (Distribution o f workers in selected occupations by straight-tim e hourly earnings1 in petroleum refineries, April 1976) Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of- Number o f workers Department and o c p t o cuain ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS..................................1 2 3 , 3 2 1 2 Aeae vrg hul ory erig anns $7.50 5 70 57 .0 172 58 .0 59 .0 60 .0 61 .0 62 .0 63 .0 64 .0 65 .0 66 .0 67 .0 68 .0 69 .0 70 .0 71 .0 72 .0 73 .0 74 .0 75 .0 76 .0 77 .0 78 .0 79 .0 80 .0 82 .0 udr ne 58 .0 59 .0 60 .0 61 .0 62 .0 63 .0 64 .0 65 .0 66 .0 67 .0 68 .0 69 .0 70 .0 71 .0 72 .0 73 .0 74 .0 75 .0 76 .0 77 .0 78 .0 79 .0 80 .0 82 .0 84 .0 84 .0 ad n oe vr 98 61 283 360 516 56 2 41 215 410 433 628 9 38 560 4 35 39 4 40 5 668 6 3 0 4 34 16 1 87 5 6 16 1360 37 0 6 8 7 1 16 8 652 MAINTENANCE TM^TPIT M7KT RPDiT P17DQ M 1PHTV T Ml TM *T1?1I 1 MPV MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE (M irBTNVRV) P I P E F I T T E R S , MAINTENANCE............................ WELDERS, HAND, MAINTENANCE...................... 498 333 518 428 625 589 7.80 12 6.67 12 g 187 1 07 7.84 7.79 7.79 3,007 2,643 1,332 7.6 8 8.24 7.16 806 132 219 52 1 473 1 74 79 6.0 5 6.77 6. 81 7.9 2 7.3 5 7.2 8 7 A7 8 72 7.61 204 7.4 9 2 51 6.84 229 126 6.59 5.96 - - - - - - - _ - 144 57 37 3 41 24 99 1z 24 90 7*80 647 1,284 501 313 243 37 II J oc Q JDO 36 2 122 78 85 30 15 24 8 871 342 23 5 2 53 65 93 1 30 79 2 8 5 12 5 6 10 4 6 140 58 5 38 4 9 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 69 - _ _ - PROCESSING a nD v n t T n n B nDPRi'TnRq CHIEF OPERATORS* HELPERS............................ pnMDnniinvDQ LABORERS . ................... ................................................ LOADERS, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS................. PACKAGE FI LL ER S, MACHINE............................ pryMppRC P^ HPE ®^« nTT<; TDVIWDQ 9 QiSLrfiADf UILD# • • • • • • • • • • • HffTDVDC DTT C 1 JK CA qtimt 59 _ 20 g 67 19 36 58 _ 204 1 66 150 345 8 14 2 18 26 2 6 11 2 1 2 12 15 97 24 i 18 5 1 ~7 * 116 209 52 166 28 4 -j 144 9«r 2D * ZZ oo 9 133 522 10 8 77 12 9 15 3 13 191 121 123 6 2 2 4 10 Q 8 3 15 11 " 2 6 0 1014 12 7 3 31 77 4 11 14 59 24 AA T2 f il A *10 CO DZ 10 7 12 42 167 246 77 37 25 8 22 23 22 7 58 39 31 12 27 2■3Z3 oo^ INSPECTING AND TESTING ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY.................... 42 < 1 3 2 21 10 38 14 18 4 RECORDING AND CONTROL c»Trtrif m ? P 7 C 2 1 17 MATERIAL MOVEMENT fppnrFnBTVPPC 33 26 156 10 79 jz 28 H 7z /o 3 5 CDSTODIAL GOAFP^ ___- - .i v m p Q 7 - ____ 1.. 35 3 14 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , ho li d a y s, a n d la te sh ifts. 2 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o llo w s : 1 6 9 a t $ 8 . 4 0 - $ 8 . 6 0 a n d 1 5 4 a t $ 9 . 6 0 a n d over. 2 50 ( J 40 18 26 ai 1 3 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o l l o w s : 3 u n d e r $ 5 . 4 0 a n d 11 a t $ 5 . 4 0 t o $ 5 . 5 0 . 3 49 1 29 Table 12. Occupational earnings: Texas Inland— North Louisiana—Arkansas (Distribution o f workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings1 in petroleum refineries, April 1976) Number o workers r c i i gs r i h - i eh u l e r i g (nd l a s of~ f e e v n t a g t t m o r y a n n s i o lr) Department and o c p t o cuain ALL W O R K E R S ............................................. PR O D U C TIO N Mumper o f wres okr 3 ,4 0 0 Aeae vrg hul ory erig anns $ 6 .5 1 48 .0 ad n udr ne 49 .0 51 .0 52 .0 53 .0 54 .0 55 .0 56 .0 57 .0 58 .0 59 .0 60 .0 61 .0 62 .0 63 .0 64 .0 65 .0 66 .0 68 .0 70 .0 72 .0 74 .0 76 .0 78_ .0 80 .0 51 .0 52 .0 53 .0 54 .0 55 .0 56 .0 57 .0 58 .0 59 .0 60 .0 61 .0 62 .0 63 .0 64 .0 65 .0 66 .0 68 .0 70 .0 72 .0 74 .0 76 .0 78 .0 80 .0 82 .0 58 58 31 55 33 68 102 4 14 84 65 27 - - 3 5 - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - 5 6 3 - 3 93 50 .0 50 .0 3 125 49 .0 3 Under 48 .0 3 - - - - - - 24 - - 27 - 4 - - - 71 - - - - 205 90 111 214 71 357 424 253 431 169 64 189 5 M A IN T E N A N C E CARPENTERS, M A I N T E N A N C E ......................................... E L E C T R I C I A N S , M A I N T E N A N C E .................................. HPT DPDQ MmiiPPHlUPP (PDinVC I R E R S ................. 31 68 106 7 .0 6 7 .0 4 3 6 .0 2 7 ! 11 M A I N T E N A N C E .......................................... 37 26 M E C H A N IC S , M AINTENANCE ( M A C H I N E R Y ) ................................................................................... P IPE FIT T E R S, M A I N T E N A N C E ............ W ELDERS, H A N D , M A I N T E N A N C E .......... 74 61 66 6 .6 8 6 .9 6 442 399 192 6 .9 1 7 .3 4 6 .2 7 - 32 6 .7 2 5 .5 5 248 IN S T R U M E N T REPA M A C H IN IST S, 2 7 .0 7 - - - 3 _ - 3 _ 6 3 6 3 - 6 .9 6 _ 9 Z 7/ _ - _ - 6 6 2 _ - 2 13 37 7 12 _ - _ - - _ - _ 10 1U _ - _ _ 3 _ 4 - 9 14 16 6 _ 2 _ 7 - _ - - 6 15 4 7 - - 1 22 6 7 - 3 19 27 31 - 15 - - - - 104 - 194 - 52 21 - 96 84 - 24 - _ _ PR O C ESSIN G A S S I S T A N T O P E R A T O R S ......................................................... C H I E F O P E R A T O R S ........................................................................ C H IEF OPERATORS' H E L P E R S ...................................... C O M P O U N D E R S ...................................................................................... j __ LOADERS, TANK CARS OR T R U C K S ....... P U M P E R S ................................. P U M P E R S ' H E L P E R S ...................... T R E A T E R S , O I L S ........................................................................... IN SPE C T IN G R O U TIN E TESTERS, AND c:*r n ryr AND M A TERIA L 6 .4 6 6.68 6.21 - _ 12 24 - - - - 3 - - 12 - - 8 12 20 4 12 - 3 7 5 2 15 2 6 3 - - _ - 48 - - - - - - - - - - 3 - “ “ - - 12 - 12 ~ - - - - - - 12 - - 18 12 - - 3 - - - 5 4 53 _ - 5 - 2 1 6 .4 2 3 4 7 5 6 - - - 8 oe iJ 6 11 4 37 - - 3 - - - 15 24 - - 12 - 35 9 15 5 1 MOVEMENT 42 6.14 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , ho li d a y s, a n d late s hifts. 2 W o rk ers w e re d istrib u te d as follow s: 4 2 at $ 4 .3 0 -$ 4 .4 0 and 6 at $4.70-$4.80. 24 20 15 6 .2 9 194 54 6 .0 5 75 _ - 20 6 27 - _ 5 - 16 53 CONTROL rT P p |r< ; l PT>nr,rn n yvpn c | 160 105 26 - 1 3 25 - _ _ 60 - _ 159 - _ 5 - - - - - _ - _ - _ - - _ - 3 6 - - T E ST IN G L A B O R A T O R Y ........................... RECO RD IN G 310 - 3 g 1 1 1^ 7 - 18 - - - Table 13. Occupational earnings: Rocky Mountain (D istribution o f production workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings1 in petroleum refineries, April 1976) Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of- Department and oc u a i n cpto ALL PR O D U C TIO N W O R K E R S ............................................. Number o f workers 2 ,8 3 3 Aeae vrg hul ory erig anns $ 7 .4 5 Under 55 .0 ■ 55 .0 an d udr ne 56 .0 22 43 56 .0 57 .0 58 .0 59 .0 60 .0 61 .0 62 .0 63 .0 64 .0 65 .0 66 .0 67 .0 68 .0 69 .0 70 .0 71 .0 72 .0 73 .0 74 .0 75 .0 76 .0 77 .0 78 .0 80 .0 82 .0 57 .0 58 .0 59 .0 60 .0 61 .0 62 .0 63 .0 64 .0 65 .0 66 .0 67 .0 68 .0 69 .0 70 .0 71 .0 72 .0 73 .0 74 .0 75 .0 76 .0 77 .0 78 .0 80 .0 82 .0 84 .0 45 - 58 23 60 65 57 58 49 34 110 105 92 94 13 3 - 24 1 - 2 3 3 3 7 259 17 350 355 484 32 29 322 115 M AINTENA NCE HELPERS, M A I N T E N A N C E T R A D E S ........................... I N S T R U M E N T R E P A I R E R S ..................................................... M A C H IN ISTS, M A IN T E N A N C E .. . . . . . . . . . . M E C H A N IC S, M EC H A N IC S, G E N E R A L . . . ................................................. M A IN TEN A N CE ( M A C H I N E R Y ) .................................................................................. P IP E F IT T E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E ...................................... W E L D E R S , H A N D , M A I N T E N A N C E .............................. 24 43 75 6 .7 6 7 .7 9 14 23 166 l ’6 5 . 52 5 12 97 37 7 .7 1 7 .7 7 7 .7 9 2 3 2 - 16 38 9 11 29 83 317 206 s ’ 15 . 7 .2 3 141 83 6 . 06 7 .0 3 7 .6 1 156 6 - _ _ 8 86 58 - - 76 145 96 3 2 21 1 4 20 1 - - 3 3 _ _ - - 14 ~ PR O C E SSIN G A SSIST A N T O P E R A T O R S ..... . . . . . . . . . . . C H I E F O P E R A T O R S ....................................................................... C H IE F OPERATORS' H E L P E R S ...................................... AR D R FT? <5. ......... ......... . . CARS TANK PUMPERS * HELPERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1 IN SPEC TIN G R O U TIN E AND 42 — 93 6 41 23 16 3 - 12 4 10 4 28 7 21 9 12 24 44 4 : ; 16 - 12 24 14 9 125 6 .9 3 15 7 .1 8 1 6 16 5 .4 3 4 8 - 34 6 11 2 1 1 16 7 14 - - _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 6 _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 0 l) 2 - - 1 CONTROL C L E R K S ............................................. .................................... M A TER IA L 3 T E ST IN G L A B O R A T O R Y ........................... AND 16 7*. 5 0 26 TESTERS, R EC O R D IN G STOCK OR T R U C K S ....................... LOADERS, D n If D V D c 9 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ MOVEMENT T 'D n p v n D T tfi'D C 3 92 3 3 C U STO D IA L J A N I T O R S ................................................................................................. 6 - E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o li d a y s, a n d late shifts. - 3 3 - 1 - 2 - - - - - - - - - - * - - Table 14. Occupational earnings: West Coast (D istribution of production workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings1 in petroleum refineries, April 1976) Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of- Number o f wres okr Department and o c p t o cuain Aeae vrg hul ory erig anns 8 ,2 8 7 $ 7 .3 6 B O I L E R M A K E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E .................................. C A R P E N T E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E .......................................... E L E C T R IC IA N S , M A I N T E N A N C E .................................. 115 111 130 205 181 6 .5 4 7 .9 7 M E C H A N I C S , G E N E R A L ............................................................ M E C H A N IC S , M A IN TEN A N CE ( M A C H I N E R Y ) .................................................................................. P IPE FIT T E R S, M A I N T E N A N C E ..................................... W ELDERS, H A N D , M A I N T E N A N C E .............................. 36 7 .8 7 62 .0 63 .0 64 .0 65 .0 66 .0 67 .0 68 .0 69 .0 70 .0 71 .0 72 .0 73 .0 74 .0 75 .0 76 .0 77 .0 78 .0 79 .0 80 .0 81 .0 82 .0 83 .0 62 .0 63 .0 64 .0 65 .0 66 .0 67 .0 68 .0 69 .0 70 .0 71 .0 72 .0 73 .0 74 .0 75 .0 76 .0 77 .0 78 .0 79 .0 80 .0 81 .0 82 .0 83 .0 84 .0 ALL PR O D U C TIO N W O R K E R S ? ......................................... 30 670 87 267 194 411 112 365 188 152 177 84 .0 and oe vr 157 135 1960 227 - - - - - 111 87 - - 15 25 20 3 54 341 137 - - - 3 3 470 274 - - - - - - - - - - - 18 - 39 140 262 27 235 1050 115 126 95 149 3 299 7 .9 2 60 347 61 .0 7 .8 4 7 .8 8 HELPERS, M A I N T E N A N C E T R A D E S ........................... I N S T R U M E N T R E P A I R E R S ..................................................... M 1 P IIT I I T C T ' C MAT HP I? Under 60 .0 60 .0 and und r e 61 .0 9 - - - 6 - - - ~ ~ ~ 53 363 M A IN TEN A N CE 143 7. 85 7 .8 3 7 .8 3 - - - - - - - - - - 42 41 76 - - - - 17 - 27 2 - - - - - - - - - - - 3 - - - - “ 3 102 - 24 - 3 - - - - -* " 6 - “ - PR O C ESSIN G A S S I S T A N T O P E R A T O R S ........................................................ C H I E P O P E R A T O R S ....................................................................... C H IE F OPERATORS* H E L P E R S ...................................... C O M P O U N D E R S ...................................................................................... L A B O R E R S ................................................................................................. LOADERS, T A N K C A R S O R T R U C K S ....................... PACKAGE F IL L E R S , M A C H I N E ...................................... P U M P E R S .................................................................................................... P U M P E R S ' H E L P E R S ................................................................... T R E A T E R S , O I L S ........................................................................... TREATERS' HELPERS, O I L S .......................................... IN SPE C T IN G R O U TIN E TESTERS, R EC O R D IN G STOCK AND 7 8 7 7 .4 .2 .0 .2 9 0 4 4 141 79 6 7 6 7 . 21 .2 9 .6 2 .4 1 - - - 9 - 3 - - 30 - 47 - 42 - - 19 - 3 5 9 - 17 35 206 63 47 7 .0 3 7 .7 6 53 7 .4 1 - - - - - 187 7 .3 9 4 - - 1 1 1 1 53 6 .9 4 2 - - - - - 1 36 29 6 .5 6 6 .2 7 16 - 31 10 16 - 14 - 8 7 11 123 - 12 - - - - - 32 132 - 20 250 32 5 1 2 - - - 2 - - 32 - - - - - - 12 - - - 5 - - 7 - 1 1 28 - - 8 16 12 4 - - - - 4 2 10 - - - - “ ~ “ 62 1 1 1 - 1 10 3 - - - 15 - - - - - 13 16 10 12 96 - 20 4 - - 15 4 18 3 - 2 44 7 4 8 - 3 - - - 25 - 4 11 12 22 12 12 6 28 - - 13 1 - 93 75 200 36 - CONTROL C L E R K S .................................................................................. pnc 1i U T T n D Q 18 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , ho li d a y s, and la te sh ifts. 2 Earnings in fo rm a tio n fo r a p p ro x im a te ly _ 32 - C U STO D IA L ptti 623 82 - T E ST IN G L A B O R A T O R Y ........................... AN D 1 ,0 4 0 885 216 27 1 0 p e r c e n t o f all p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ( e x c l u d i n g t h o s e c l a s s i f i e d b 3 in t h e o c c u p a t i o n s s h o w n ) w a s e s t i m a t e d . 3 All w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 8 . 4 0 - $ 8 . 5 0 . 1 Table 15. Method of wage payment (Percent of production workers in petroleum refineries by method of wage payment,1 United States and regions, April 1976) Method of wage payment Western PennsylvaniaWest Virginia Midwest 1 TexasLouisiana Gulf Coast Texas InlandNorth Louisiana Arkansas Rocky Mountain West Coast 100 100 100 100 100 100 _ - 100 99 84 16 H 93 93 85 8 (2) - 7 United States East Coast All workers........................................................ 100 100 100 100 100 100 Time-rated workers................................................. Formal plans Single rate Range of rates Individual rates.................................................. 99 99 88 11 (*) 99 96 87 9 3 100 99 96 4 (2) 100 100 89 11 - 100 100 94 6 - 100 99 85 14 (2) Incentive workers.................................................... 1 (2) - - - - - Midwest II TexasLouisiana Gulf Coast Texas InlandNorth Louisiana Arkansas Rocky Mountain West Coast Midwest II 1 For definition of method of wage payment, see appendix A. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. ro 1 0 Table 16. Scheduled weekly hours (Percent of production workers in petroleum refineries by scheduled weekly hours.1 United States and regions. April 1976)1 * United States East Coast Western PennsylvaniaWest Virginia All workers........................................................ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 40 hours................................................................. Over 40 hours........................................................ 98 2 100 100 91 9 100 - 100 - 100 - 100 92 8 Weekly hours ~ 1 Data relate to the predominant schedule for full-time day-shift workers in each establishment. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Midwest 1 Table 17. Shift differential practices (Percent of production workers assigned to rotating shifts' in petroleum refineries by amount of shift differential, United States and regions, April 1976) United States East Coast Shift differential Day Eve ning Night Day Western PennsylvaniaWest Virginia Eve ning Night Day Eve ning Night Day Workers assigned to rotating shifts...................... 17.7 17.1 17.4 13.0 12.8 12.8 18.6 18.3 17.9 20.2 18.3 17.9 Receiving shift differential .................................. .1 16.5 16.8 1.0 12.8 12.8 18.3 17.9 Uniform cents per hour................................... .1 16.5 16.8 1.0 12.8 12.8 .1 .1 .1 1.0 1.0 1.0 7-1/2 cents .1 2.9 13 cents .2 15 cents 15.5 14.7 11.2 20 cents .2 25 cents 2.9 .1 26 cents .4 .2 30 cents........................................................ _ 15.1 _ 15.1 11.1 40 cents _ .7 .8 50 cents .7 1.1 $1 ........ 1 Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast Midwest II Midwest 1 Eve ning Night Day Eve ning Night Day Texas InlandNorth LouisianaArkansas Eve ning Night Day Rocky Mountain Eve ning Night Day West Coast Eve ning Night Day Eve ning Night 17.1 16.8 20.6 20.5 20.5 15.8 15.8 15.8 19.5 19.4 19.4 18.4 18.4 18.3 21.7 21.1 24.0 18.4 18.4 15.8 15.8 18.4 18.3 17.1 16.8 20.0 20.0 17.2 20.2 - 20.0 20.0 18.4 18.4 15.8 15.8 18.4 18.3 17.1 16.8 17.2 20.2 16.0 1.1 - - 20.0 - - - 16.8 - - 20.0 15.0 - .6 - - 2.8 15.5 - - 18.4 - - .6 15.0 - - 2.8 15.5 - - 18.3 - 10.0 12.9 4.8 7.2 .2 .2 Workers assigned to rotating shifts worked successively on the day, evening, and night schedules. Workers employed on fixed extra shifts accounted for less than 2 percent of the labor force, and those on other types, such as oscillating, accounted for NOTE: 1.4 percent. Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. NO CO Table 18. Paid holidays (Percent of production workers in petroleum refineries with formal provisions for paid holidays, United States and regions, April 1976) United States East Coast Western PennsylvaniaWest Virginia All workers....................................................... 100 100 100 Workers in establishments providing paid holidays..................................... 7 days .............................. 8 days ........................... 9 days ....................... 10 days .............................................................. 10 days plus 1 half day................................ 11 days .............................................................. 100 (') (') 5 89 1 5 100 - Number of paid holidays ' - 60 4 36 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Midwest II TexasLouisiana Gulf Coast Texas InlandNorth Louisiana Arkansas Rocky Mountain West Coast 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - 100 - 6 94 ~ 9 91 - 100 6 9 36 48 _ - 100 _ _ _ 100 _ - 100 - - Midwest 1 - _ 3 97 _ - - _ _ _ 100 _ - Table 19. Paid vacations (Percent of production workers in petroleum refineries with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and regions, April 1976) Midwest II TexasLouisiana Gulf Coast Texas InlandNorth Louisiana Arkansas Rocky Mountain West Coast 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 100 93 7 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 100 - 100 60 40 12 88 100 1 99 100 100 100 2 97 1 -r 100 - 19 81 - 7 93 - 90 10 100 - 100 - 100 - 100 - 1 98 1 100 - 100 - 7 93 - 90 10 100 - 100 - 100 - 100 - 1 4 95 - 74 26 7 6 88 - - - - - - 100 100 13 87 - - 100 100 United States East Coast Western PennsylvaniaWest Virginia All workers........................................................ 100 100 100 Method of payment Workers in establishments providing paid vacations.................................... Length-of-time payment..................................... Percentage payment............... *......................... Other ................................................................... 100 94 1 5 100 64 36 4 96 Vacation policy Midwest 1 Amount of vacation pay1 After 1 year of service: 1 week................................................................ 2 weeks .............................................................. After 2 years of service: 1 week................................................................ 2 weeks .............................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks ............................. After 3 years of service: 1 week................................................................ 2 weeks .............................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks............................. After 5 years of service: Over 1 and under 2 weeks............................. 2 weeks .............................................................. 3 weeks .............................................................. After 10 years of service: 2 weeks .............................................................. 3 weeks.............................................................. 4 weeks.............................................................. - 100 1 5 94 - - 100 74 26 7 6 88 10 90 100 6 16 78 100 100 1 1 96 1 100 - 19 81 - 7 93 - 100 - 100 - 6 16 78 - 100 - 92 8 (•••) 1 1 1 96 100 19 81 7 93 100 100 6 16 78 100 - After 15 years of service: 2 weeks .............................................................. 3 weeks .............................................................. 4 weeks .............................................................. 5 weeks .............................................................. After 20 years of service:2 2 weeks .............................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks............................. 3 weeks .............................................................. 4 weeks .............................................................. 5 weeks .............................................................. ' Vacation payments, such as percent of annual earnings, were converted to an equivalent time basis. Periods of service were chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes indicated at 10 years may include changes that occurred between 5 and 10 years. 2 Vacation provisions were virtually the same after longer periods of service. '• Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 7 93 Table 20. Health, insurance, and retirement plans (Percent of production workers in petroleum refineries with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,' United States and regions, April 1976) Type of plan All workers............................................................ United States East Coast Western PennsylvaniaWest Virginia Midwest 1 Midwest II TexasLouisiana Gulf Coast Texas InlandNorth Louisiana Arkansas Rocky Mountain West Coast 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 51 100 38 100 82 100 50 100 55 100 47 100 56 100 59 100 63 61 27 39 - 100 82 56 20 74 29 47 16 100 73 71 42 94 52 99 42 35 100 92 83 100 100 100 96 44 40 100 21 21 100 21 11 100 15 15 100 55 51 100 58 45 51 72 21 78 34 85 69 80 44 34 24 100 (:1 ) 28 53 38 100 58 51 34 100 19 30 13 100 66 28 25 100 - - - - - 6 30 13 100 6 31 75 42 100 - 20 8 8 100 - 99 11 100 - 100 68 100 13 100 11 100 4 94 34 100 52 100 - 21 100 (•’) 26 100 - 32 100 - 11 100 - 30 100 - 13 100 - 24 100 6 18 100 - 39 100 - 99 11 100 - 100 68 100 13 100 11 100 4 94 34 100 52 100 _ 21 100 .(:> ) 26 100 32 100 'i 100 30 100 13 100 18 100 - - - - - 24 100 6 - 39 100 _ 99 11 100 100 68 100 13 100 11 100 4 94 34 100 52 100 _ 21 97 3 26 100 - 32 81 19 11 93 7 30 100 - 13 100 - 24 100 6 18 100 - 39 90 10 97 9 100 - 81 49 93 7 100 11 100 4 94 34 100 52 90 _ 21 3 1 99 26 100 100 100 4 32 100 100 100 18 11 9 100 100 96 2 30 6 6 100 100 70 6 13 - 24 15 6 94 94 75 5 18 _ 39 2 2 100 100 100 6 Workers in establishments providing: Life insurance........................................................ Noncontributory p la n s ..................................... Accidental death and dismemberment insurance................................ Noncontributory p la n s ..................................... Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or bo th -...................................... Sickness and accident insurance................ Noncontributory p la n s ................................. Sick leave (full pay, no waiting period)........................................ Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period).......................................... Longterm disability insurance.......................... Noncontributory plans . Hospitalization insurance Covering employees only................................. Covering employees and their dependents ....................................................... Noncontributory p la n s ................................. Noncontributory plans for employees; contributory plans for dependents ........................................... Surgical insurance .......... Covering employees only Covering employees and their dependents ....................................................... Noncontributory p la n s ................................. Noncontributory plans for employees; contributory plans for dependents........................................... Medical insurance................................................ Covering employees only................................. Covering employees and their dependents ....................................................... Noncontributory p la n s ................................. Noncontributory plans for employees; contributory plans for dependents ........................................... Major medical insurance.................................... Covering employees only................................. Covering employees and their dependents ....................................................... Noncontributory p la n s ................................. Noncontributory plans for employees; contributory plans for dependents........................................... Dental insurance.................................................. Noncontributory p la n s ..................................... Retirement plans4 ........................................ ....... Pensions............................................................. Noncontributory p la n s ................................. Severance pay .................................................. See footnotes on following page. 9 9 95 3 - 68 32 - 100 100 100 100 - 100 100 97 - Table 20— Footnotes ' Includes those plans for which the employer pays at least part of the cost and excludes legally required plans such as workers’ compensation and social security; however, plans required by State temporary disability laws are included if the employer contributes more than is legally required or the employees receive benefits in excess of legal requirements. “Noncontributory plans" include only those plans financed entirely by the employer. 2 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sickness and accident insurance and sick leave shown separately. Less than 0.5 percent. 4 Unduplicated total of workers covered by pension plans and severance pay shown separately. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. T ab le 21. O ther s elected benefits (Percent of production workers in petroleum refineries providing funeral leave pay, jury duty pay, technological severance pay, and thrift or savings plans,' United States and regions, April 1976) Type of benefit United States East Coast Western PennsylvaniaWest Virginia Midwest 1 Midwest II TexasLouisiana Gulf Coast Texas InlandNorth Louisiana Arkansas 97 97 68 94 100 100 56 79 Rocky Mountain West Coast Workers in establishments with provisions for: Funeral leave.............................................................. Jury duty leave........................................................... Technological severance p a y ................................... Thrift or savings p la n ............................................. 99 99 56 87 100 100 17 96 1 For definition of items, see appendix A. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums.of individual items may not equal totals. 100 100 91 - 100 100 70 92 100 100 45 90 100 100 66 100 100 100 39 65 Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey Scope of survey Production workers The survey included establishments engaged primarily in producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricant, and other products from crude petro leum, and its fractional products either through straight distillation of crude oil, redistillation of unfinished petro leum derivatives, cracking, or other processes (SIC 2911 as defined in the 1967 edition of the Standard In d u s tria l Clas sification M a n u a l , prepared by the U.S. Office of Manage ment and Budget). Separate auxiliary units such as central offices were excluded. Establishments studied were selected from those em ploying 100 workers or more at the time of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists. Table A-l shows the number of establishments and workers estimated to be within the scope of the survey, as well as the number actu ally studied by the Bureau. The terms “production workers” and “production and related workers,” used interchangeably in this bulletin, in clude working supervisors and all non supervisory workers engaged in nonoffice activities. Administrative, executive, professional, technical, and clerical personnel, and forceaccount construction employees, who are used as a separate work force on the firm’s own properties, are excluded. Occupations selected for study Occupational classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestab lishment and interarea variations in duties within the same job. (See appendix B for these descriptions.) The criteria for selection of the occupations were: The number of workers in the occupation; the usefulness of the data in collective bargaining; and appropriate representation of the entire job scale in the industry. Working supervisors, ap prentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers were not reported in the data for selected occupations but were in cluded in the data for all production workers. Method of study Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s field staff to a representative sample of establishments with in the scope of the survey. To obtain appropriate accuracy at a minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments were given an appropriate weight. All estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry, excluding only those be low the minimum size at the time of reference of the uni verse data. Wage data Information on wages relates to straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive payments, such as those resulting from piecework or production bonus systems, and cost-of-living bonuses were included as part of the workers’ regular pay. Nonproduction bonus payments, such as Christmas or yearend bonuses, were excluded. Average (m ean ) hou rly rates o r earnings for each occupa tion or category of workers, such as production workers, were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number of individuals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were obtained by dividing straight-time salary by normal rather than actual hours. The median designates position; that is, one-half of the employees surveyed received more than this rate and onehalf received less. The m iddle range is defined by two rates of pay such that one-fourth of the employees earned less Establishment definition An establishment is defined for this study as a single physical location where manufacturing operations are per formed. An establishment is not necessarily identical with a company, which may consist of one establishment or more. Employment Estimates of the number of workers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition of the industry’s labor force, rather than as precise measures of employment. 27 Table A -1. Estim ated num ber of establishm ents and em ployees within scope of survey and num ber studied, petroleum refining industry, April 1976 Number of establishments2 Region1 Workers in establishments Within scope of study Within scope of study Actually studied Actually studied Total1 * Production workers United States .......................................................................................... 168 104 90,904 63,289 72,414 East Coast................................................................................................ Western Pennsylvania-West Virginia .................................................. Midwest 1.................................................................................................. Midwest I I ................................................................................................. Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast................................................................. Texas Inland-North Louisiana-Arkansas........................................... Rocky Mountain....................................................................................... West C oast............................................................................................... 13 9 26 26 32 20 19 23 10 6 17 16 19 10 12 14 11,949 2,122 13,549 7,721 33,530 4,456 4,246 13,331 8,141 1,750 9,435 6,122 23,321 3,400 2,833 8,287 10,557 1,560 11,018 5,524 26,978 2,984 2,746 11,047 ' The regions used in this study include: E ast C oast— Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, and the following counties in Pennsylvania: Bradford, Columbia, Dauphin, Montour, Northumberland, Sullivan, York, and all counties east thereof; Western P ennsylvania-W est V irg in ia — West Virginia and those counties in Pennsylvania not included in the East Coast region; M id w e st /—Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and Tennessee; M idw est //—Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; T e x a s -L o u is ia n a -G u lf C oast— the following counties in Texas: Aransas, Brazoria, Calhoun, Cameron, Chambers, Fort Bend, Galveston, Hardin, Harris, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Kenedy, Kleberg, Liberty, Matagorda, Montgomery, Newton, Nueces, Orange, Polk, Refugio, San Jacinto, San Patricio, Tyler, Victoria, Waller, Wharton, and Willacy; the following parishes in Louisiana: Avoyelles, East Feliciana, Pointe Coupee, Tangipahoa, Vernon, Rapides, Washington, and West Fecliciana, and all parishes south thereof; the following counties in Mississippi: George, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Pearl River, and Stone; and the following counties in Alabama: Baldwin and Mobile; Texas In la n d -N o rth Louis ian a -A rk an s a s — A r k a n s a s and New Mexico and those parts of the States of Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas not included in the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast; Rocky M o u n ta in — Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming; and West C oast— Arizona, California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the survey. 2 Includes only those establishments with 100 workers or more at the time of reference of the universe data. :* Includes executive, professional, office, and other workers in addition to the production workers category shown separately. than the lower of these rates and one-fourth earned more than the higher rate. pay rates are determined primarily by the qualifications of the individual worker. A single rate structure is one in which the same rate is paid to all experienced workers in the same job classification. (Learners, apprentices, or proba tionary workers may be paid according to rate schedules which start below the single rate and permit the workers to achieve the full job rate over a period of time.) An experi enced worker occasionally may be paid above or below the single rate for special reasons, but such payments are excep tions. Range-of-rate plans are those in which the minimum, maximum, or both of these rates paid experienced workers for the same job are specified. Specific rates of individual workers within the range may be determined by merit, length of service, or a combination of these. Incentive workers are classified under piecework or bonus plans. Piecework is work for which a predetermined rate is paid for each unit of output. Production bonuses are for produc tion in excess of a quota or for completion of a task in less than standard time. Size of community Tabulations by size of community pertain to metropoli tan and nonmetropolitan areas. The term “metropolitan areas,” as used in this bulletin, refers to the Standard Met ropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through February 1974. Except in New England, a Standard Metropolitan Statis tical Area is defined as a county or group of contiguous counties which contains at least one city of 50,000 inhab itants or more. Counties contiguous to the one containing such a city are included in a Standard Metropolitan Statisti cal Area if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially metropolitan in character and are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In New England, where the city and town are administratively more important than the county, they are the units used in defining Standard Metro politan Statistical Areas. Scheduled weekly hours Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work schedule for full-time production workers employed on the day shift. Method of wage payment Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the number of workers paid under the various time and incen tive wage systems. Formal rate structures for time-rated workers provide single rates or a range of rates for individ ual job categories. In the absence of a formal rate structure, Shift practices Data relate to workers employed under the conditions specified. Workers assigned to rotating shifts work succes 28 informal arrangements have been omitted. Separate tabula tions are provided for (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. Long-term disability insurance plans provide payments to totally disabled employees upon the expiration of sick leave, sickness and accident insurance, or both, or after a predetermined period of disability (typically 6 months). Payments are made until the end of diability, a maximum age, or eligibility for retirement benefits. Payments may be full or partial, but are almost always reduced by social secu rity, workers’ compensation, and private pension benefits payable to the disabled employee. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors’ fees. Such plans may be underwritten by a commercial insurance company or a non profit organization, or they may be a form of self-insur ance. Major medical insurance, sometimes referred to as ex tended medical or catastrophe insurance, includes plans de signed to cover employees for sickness or injury involving an expense which exceeds the normal coverage of hospitali zation, medical, and surgical plans. Dental insurance refers to formal plans covering normal dental service such as fillings, extractions, and X-rays. Many health insurance plans provide benefits for certain kinds of oral surgery or dental care required as a result of an acci dent; plans limited to such conditions are excluded. Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to plans which provide regular payments for the remainder of the retiree’s life. Data are presented separately for retirement severance pay (one payment or several over a specified pe riod of time) made to employees on retirement. Establish ments providing both retirement severance payments and retirement pensions to employees were considered as having both retirement pensions and retirement severance plans; however, establishments having optional plans providing employees a choice of either retirement severance payments or pensions were considered as having only retirement pen sion benefits. sively on day, evening, and night shifts. Workers assigned to oscillating shifts work alternately two periods of time (e.g., midnight to 8 a.m. and 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.), but do not make the full cycle as under rotating shift arrangements. Workers assigned to fixed shifts work regularly on either a day, eve ning, or night schedule. Supplementary benefits Supplementary benefits in an establishment were consid ered applicable to all production workers if they applied to half or more of such workers in the establishment. Simi larly, if fewer than half of the workers were covered, the benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because of length-of-service and other eligibility require ments, the proportion of workers receiving the benefits may be smaller than estimated. Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day and half-day holidays provided annually. Paid holidays. The summary of vacation plans is limited to formal arrangements and excludes informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em ployer or supervisor. Payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 week’s pay. The periods of service for which data are presented represent the most common practices, but they do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes in proportions indicated at 10 years of service may include changes which occurred between 5 and 10 years. Paid vacations. H e a lth , insurance , and re tire m e n t plans. Data are presented for health, insurance, pension, and retirement severance plans for which the employer pays all or a part of the cost, excluding programs required by law such as workers’ com pensation and social security. Among plans included are those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those paid directly by the employer from his current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is pre sented for all such plans to which the employer contributes at least a part of the cost. However, in New York and New Jersey, w herejem porary disability insurance laws require employer contributions,1 plans are included only if the em ployer (1) contributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employees with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker’s pay during absence from work because of illness; Data for paid funeral and jury-duty leave relate to formal plans which provide at least partial payment for time lost as a result of attending funer als of specified family members or serving as a juror. Paid fu n e ra l and ju ry -d u ty leave. Technological severance pay. Data relate to formal plans providing for payments to employees permanently sepa rated from the company because of a technological change or plant closing. T h rift o r savings plans. Thrift or savings plans are limited to these plans to which the employer makes monetary contri butions beyond adminsitrative costs. 1 The tem porary disability insurance law s in California and R hode Island d o n o t require em p loyer co n trib u tion s. 29 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupa tional content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individ ual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field staff is instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. Boilermaker, maintenance Compounder Assembles and repairs boilers, tanks, and pressure ves sels. Work involves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Interpreting writ ten instructions, specifications, and blueprints; planning and laying out work; using a variety of hand and power tools and applying knowledge of the working properties of metals; and positioning, alining, fitting, and joining together parts (by bolting, welding, or other means) in assembly and repair work. In general, the boilermaker’s work normally requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (B len d er) Blends or compounds various lubricating oils and/or greases according to specifications. Work involves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Ascertaining location of various oils to be compounded and pumping or arranging for pumper to transfer oils to proper lines; regulating valves to admit speci fied quantities of various ingredients to mixing tank, fol lowing prescribed formulas; setting air and heat controls on kettles and tanks as necessary; maintaining record of com position, quantities of components used, density, and/or other pertinent information. May make simple control tests to determine whether products are meeting specifications. In addition, may also blend new mixtures of oils and sub mit them to laboratory for analysis. Carpenter, maintenance Electrician, maintenance Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an estab lishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instru ments; making standard shop computations relating to di mensions of work; selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equip ment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, con trollers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locat ing and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equip ment; working standard computations relating to load re quirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a vari ety of electrician’s handtools and measuring and testing in struments. In general, the work of the maintenance electri 30 cian requires rounded training and experience usually ac quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and experience. Laborer Performs miscellaneous laboring tasks in plants or out side work areas, that require no formal training or previous experience. Generally, learning how to do the work is lim ited to gaining a familiarity with work areas, with accept able ways of doing specific tasks, and with safety regula tions. Usually average standards of performance are at tained after a brief period of service. Specific assignments among laboring tasks include: Loading and unloading, stacking, interprocess moving of materials, cleaning work areas and equipment, digging and shoveling. Tools such as crowbars, picks, shovels, wheelbarrows, hand trucks, and other lifting and excavating devices may be employed on specific assignments. Guard Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where neces sary. In clu des guards w h o are s ta tio n e d a t g a te an d ch eck on id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s a n d o th e r p erso n s entering. Helper, maintenance trades Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, machine, and equipment; as sisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other semi-skilled or unskilled tasks as directed by journey man. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades, the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools, and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. Loader, tank cars or trucks (T ank-car loader; tru c k lo a d er) Loads gasoline, kerosene, and/or various oils into tank cars or trucks according to specifications. Work involves: Connecting or assisting in connecting hose to coupling, or swinging loading spout over dome; opening valves to allow liquid to flow into tank, or starting or notifying pumper to start pumps, and filling tank to proper level. May perform a variety of other tasks relating to shipment of product. May gage or sample shipping tanks. Instrument repairer Machinist, maintenance Installs, maintains, adjusts, and repairs manual, pneu matic, electric, and/or electronic measuring, recording, and regulating instruments in a refinery. Work involves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Inspecting, testing, and adjusting instruments periodically, determining cause of trouble in instruments not functioning properly and making necessary repairs or adjustments; disconnecting inaccurate or damaged instru ments and replacing them; examining mechanism and clean ing parts; replacing worn or broken parts; assembling instru ments and installing them on testing apparatus; and cali brating instruments to established standard. Produces replacement parts and new parts for mechani cal equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist’s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining;*knowledge of the working properties of the common metals and other materials; se lecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and assembling parts. In general, the machinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in machine shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Janitor (D a y p o rte r; sw e e p e r) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory work ing areas and washrooms, o r premises of an office, or other establishment. Duties involve a co m b in a tio n o f th e fo llo w ing: Sweeping, mopping, and/or scrubbing and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimming; providing supplies and minor maintenance ser vices; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. W orkers Mechanic, general Performs the work of two or more skilled maintenance trades rather than specializing in one trade or one type of maintenance work. The classification includes workers regu larly performing at least two types of skilled maintenance work, such as pipefitting, boilermaking, insulating, welding, machining, machine and equipment repairing, carpentry, w h o sp ecia lize in w in d o w w ash in g are exclu d ed . 31 and electrical work, among others. In general, the work of a general mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva lent training and experience. E x c lu d e w o rk ers w h o o n ly p rim a rily engaged in installing an d repairing bu ildin g sanita tion o r h eatin g sy s te m s are ex clu d ed . Pumper m ake m in o r repairs o r a d ju stm en ts. ( Transfer p u m p e r; w a te r p u m p e r ) Mechanic, maintenance (machinery) Is responsible for operating one or more power-driven pumps to produce forced circulation of petroleum products and water through units during processing, or to effect the movement of water, chemical solutions, or petroleum prod ucts from one tank or processing unit to another or be tween tanks and processing units to points of loading or unloading trucks, tank cars, or boats. Work involves m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting specifications to determine which lines should be used for individual liquids; connect ing lines from pumps to storage tanks or processing units; regulating pipeline valves so that liquids are pumped accord ing to written specifications or oral instructions; checking measuring instruments or gaging contents of storage tanks; maintaining operational records or log. May draw samples from tanks or pipelines for laboratory analysis, or may make specific gravity, visual color or other tests to deter mine whether products are meeting specifications. E x c lu d e Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an estab lishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the produc tion of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the produc tion of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experi ence. Excluded from this classification are workers whose p rim a ry d u tie s involve setting up or adjusting machines. gagers w h o se p rim a ry d u tie s in volve m easuring q u a n tity a n d tem p era tu re o f o il in storage tan ks a n d c o n tro llin g f l o w o f o il in to pipelin es. Package filler, machine Tends the operation of an automatic or semiautomatic machine which fills containers with specified weight or amount of commodity being packaged. W ork in volves o n e o r m o re o f th e f o llo w in g : Feeding empty containers to ma chine; making minor adjustments to weighing or dispensing devices in order to maintain proper operation; removing filled containers from machine. W orkers w h o te n d fillin g Pumper's helper Opens and closes pipeline valves at direction of pumper to divert flow of liquids to proper location. May assist in starting or stopping pumps. May gage contents of tanks, draw samples of products through bleeder valves on pipe lines for laboratory analysis, or make specific gravity and color tests. m achines th a t also cap o r close fille d con tain ers are in clu ded. Pipefitter, maintenance Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipe fittings in an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Laying out work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written spec ifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by handdriven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal ap prenticeship or equivalent training and experience. W orkers Routine tester, laboratory Performs various standard laboratory tests on different petroleum products to determine certain chemical and/or physical properties of the product, and submits results of the tests to operators of the various departments, by which they control the distillation and treating of the products. Work involves: Making various tests, such as viscosity, spe cific gravity, flash and fire points, color, pour, water and sediment, melting point, penetration, doctor solution, dis tillation and corrosion; submitting results to chemist or to heads of processing units. May interpret results of tests. C hem ists a n d la b o ra to ry laborers (b o ttle w ash ers , e tc .) are exclu ded. 32 correct combustion; recording gage and meter readings and/or other pertinent information on log sheet or other records; reporting irregularities of still operation to chief operator. May clean burners and/or remove and replace plates covering openings that provide access to interior of still for cleaning. Chief operator (F irst o p era to r; p ro cess o p e ra to r) Is responsible for the operation of one or a battery of stills (e.g., straight-run, combination units, and hydro, cata lytic, and other cracking stills) in which crude or other oil is heated and separated into its various components. Work involves: Directing and coordinating the activities of the various crew members on the still; interpreting instructions and operational requirements; keeping informed of operat ing conditions; patrolling entire unit periodically to check on operating conditions; observing instrument indications and chart records of rates, pressures, temperatures, liquid levels, etc.; directing the drawing of periodic samples; inter preting results of tests; making or directing operation and control changes as necessary to maintain operations within specified tolerances; maintaining or directing the prepara tion of daily operational log or other records; preparing equipment for maintenance work and directing repairs. May be required to use computer data in certain phases of work. Stock clerk Receives, stores, and issues equipment, material, mer chandise, or tools in a stockroom or storeroom. Work in volves a co m b in a tio n o f th e f o llo w in g : Checking incoming orders; storing supplies; applying identifications to articles; issuing supplies; taking periodic inventory or keeping per petual inventory; making up necessary reports; requesting or ordering supplies when needed. S to c k r o o m laborers, to o l crib a tte n d a n ts, an d e m p lo y e e s w h o su pervise sto c k clerks an d laborers are exclu ded. Treater O perators on one-m an o p e ra tio n s are exclu d ed . ( Treater, fir s t class) Assistant operator Is responsible for the treating of gasoline, kerosene, distilled oils, light oils, naphthas, wax, and other petroleum products with chemicals, steam, water, or air to remove sulphur and/or other impurities, Work involves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Interpreting instructions and opera tional requirements; making frequent inspections of units to check on operations; observing and recording readings of temperature, pressure, flow gages and meters; making or directing operation and control changes as necessary to maintain operations; maintaining daily log or other opera tional records; preparing equipment for maintenance work and testing equipment after repairs have been made. May direct activities of one or more helpers, may operate pumps to circulate liquids through the units. (F irst h elper) Helps chief operator maintain operation of stills (e.g., straight-run, combination units, and hydro, catalytic, and other cracking stills) in which crude or other oil is heated and separated into its various components. Work involves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Patrolling unit or instrument panel regularly to check on operations; observing instrument indi cations of pressures, temperatures, liquid levels, etc., and recording readings on log or other operational records; maintaining desired liquid levels in equipment and control ling temperatures; adjusting or regulating manual or auto matic controls to maintain operations within specified tol erances; drawing periodic samples and/or running tests such as specific gravity, viscosity, etc., reporting frequently to chief operator as to operating condition of unit; lubricating and cleaning equipment. May check operation and adjust speed of pumps which circulate products through unit; may make minor repairs to equipment. Treater's helper, oils (T reater, se c o n d class) Assists treater in treating gasoline, kerosene, oils, wax, and other petroleum products with chemicals, steam, water, or air to remove sulphur and/or other impurities. Work in volves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Patrolling unit regularly to check on operations and/or equipment; making operating and control changes as directed; drawing off water and spent chemicals after treatment and separation, by valve manipulation; mixing chemical treating solution and adding treating chemicals to oil; manipulating valves to charge equipment with oils to be treated and to maintain level of oil and solutions in equipment; maintaining daily log or other operational records. May operate or regulate speed of pumps to circulate liquids through unit, or make chemical, Chief operator's helper Tends operation of burners to maintain required temper ature in furnace of a petroleum products still. Work in volves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Following instructions re ceived from chief operator or chief operator’s helper of previous shift specifying temperature to be maintained; reading temperature, pressure, and flow gages to determine operation of still, and adjusting valves controlling flow of fuel to burners; observing color of burner flames or gas issuing from stack, and regulating supply of air to obtain 33 specific gravity, color, or other tests to determine whether treating process is being carried on properly. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: F o rk lift Truckdriver O th e r than f o r k lif t Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to trans port materials, merchandise, equipment, or workers be tween various types of establishments such as: Manufactur ing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments and/or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechani cal repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Sales- Welder, hand, maintenance Performs the welding duties necessary to maintain plant machinery and equipment in good repair, by fusing (weld ing) metal objects together in the fabrication of metal shapes and in repairing broken or cracked metal objects. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Planning and laying out work from written or oral instructions and specifica tions; knowledge of welding properties of a variety of metals and alloys; setting up of work and determining oper ation sequence; welding a variety of items as necessary; ability to weld with gas and arc apparatus. In general, the work of the maintenance welder requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal appren ticeship or equivalent training and experience. ro u te a n d over-th e-road drivers are ex clu ded. Power-truck operator Operates a manually-controlled gasoline- or electricpowered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. 34 Industry Wage Studies The most recent reports providing occupational wage data for industries included in the Bureau’s program of in dustry wage surveys since 1960 are listed below. Copies are for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or from any of its regional sales offices, and from the regional offices of the Bureau of Labor Statistics shown on the in side back cover. Copies that are out of stock are available for reference purposes at leading public, college, or univer sity libraries, or at the Bureau’s Washington or regional of fices. M an u factu rin g M a n u fa c tu rin g - Con tin u ed Basic Iron and Steel, 1972, BLS Bulletin 1839 Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1975. BLS Bul letin 1939 Cigar Manufacturing , 1973. BLS Bulletin 1796 Cigarette Manufacturing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1944 Fabricated Structural Steel, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1935 Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1763 Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1803 Fluid Milk Industry, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1871 Footwear, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1946 Hosiery, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1863 Industrial Chemicals, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1768 Iron and Steel Foundries, 1967. BLS Bulletin 16261 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1835 Machinery Manufacturing, 1974-75. BLS Bulletin 1929 Meat Products, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1896 Men’s and Boys’ Separate Trousers, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1906 Men’s and Boys’ Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Night wear, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1794 Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1843 Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1914 Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1973-74. BLS Bulletin 1912 Nonferrous Foundries, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1952 Paints and Varnishes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1739 Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1719 Petroleum Refining, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1948 Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1923 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1844 Southern Sawmills and Planing Mills, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1694 Structural Clay Products, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1942 Synthetic Fibers, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1740 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1757 Textiles, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1945 Wages and Demographic Characteristics in Work Clothing Manufacturing, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1858 West Coast Sawmilling, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1704 Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1728 Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1908 Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1930 N on m a n u fa ctu rin g Appliance Repair Shops, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1936 Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1876 Banking, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1862 Bituminous Coal Mining, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1583 Communications, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1909 Contract Cleaning Services, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1916 Contract Construction, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1911 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1797 Department Stores, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1869 Educational In stitu tio n s: Nonteaching, Employees, 1968-69. BLS Bulletin 1671 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1834 Hospitals, 1975-76. BLS Bulletin 1949 Hotels and Motels, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1883 Laundry and Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 16451 Life Insurance, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1791 Metal Mining, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1820 Motion Picture Theaters, 1966. BLS Bulletin 15421 Nursing Homes and Related Facilities, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1855 Scheduled Airlines, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1951 Wages and Tips in Restaurants and Hotels, 1970. BLS Bul letin 1712 1 Bulletin out of stock Brief History jl of the ■ American Labor Movement The development of organized labor in the U.S., from conspiracy to major institution. A readable, authoritative, and fact-packed account for: students of social science and 'history civic groups and others interested in the development of trade unionism worker education and management training classes Order Form □ $____________ Remittance enclosed, (M ake checks payable to Superintendent of Documents.) Mail to BLS Regional Office nearest you (see listing elsewhere) or to Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402. Please send______copies of BLS Bulletin 1000, Bicentennial Edition, Brief History of the American Labor Movement (Stock No. 029-001-01955-6) at $1.45 a copy. (25 percent discount for orders of 100 copies or more sent to one address.) □ Charge $ _____________ to my Deposit Account No. N a m e --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Firm or Organization ______________________________________________________________________ Street A d dress____________________________________________________________________________ City and State _____________________________________________________ Zip C o d e ---------------------- For Prompt Shipment, Please Print or Type Address on Label Below, including your Zip Code U.S. Government Printing Office Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents Washington, D.C. 20402 375 Special Fourth-Class Book Rate Book Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Name ____________ Firm or Organization Street A d d re s s ____ City and State_____ Zip Code ☆ U.S G O V ERNMENT P R IN T IN G OFFICE : 1977 0 -2 4 1 -0 1 6 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES Region V Region i 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: (617)223-6761 Region il Region VI Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10036 Phone: (212) 399-5405 Second Floor 555 Griffin Square Building Dallas, Tex. 75202 Phone: (214) 749-3516 Region III Regions VII and V III* 3535 Market Street P.O. 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