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Industry Wage Survey:
Petroleum Refining, April 1976
U.S. D ep artm en t of L abor
B ureau of L abor S ta tistic s
1977
Bulletin 1948
Industry Wage Survey:
Petroleum Refining, April 1976
U.S. Department of Labor
Ray Marshall, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Julius Shiskin, Commissioner
1977
Bulletin 1948
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D .C . 20402
Stock N o. 029-001-02010-4
Preface
This bulletin sum m arizes the results o f a Bureau o f Labor Statistics survey o f wages
and related b en efits in p etroleum refineries in April 1 9 7 6 . A similar study was con d u cted
by the Bureau in April 1 9 7 1 .
A sum m ary tab u lation , providing national and regional in form ation , was issued in
February 1 9 7 7 . C opies are available from the U .S. D epartm ent o f Labor, Bureau o f Labor
Statistics, W ashington, D.C. 2 0 2 1 2 , or any o f its regional o ffices.
This stu d y was co n d u cted in the Bureau’s O ffice o f Wages and Industrial R elations.
The analysis was prepared b y Carl Barsky in the D ivision o f O ccupational Wage Struc
tures. Field w ork for the survey was directed by the A ssistant R egional C om m issioners
for O perations.
Other reports available from the Bureau’s program o f industry wage studies, as w ell as
the addresses o f the Bureau’s regional o ffices, are listed at the end o f this b u lletin .
Material in this publication is in the public dom ain and m ay be reproduced w ith ou t
the perm ission o f the Federal G overnm ent. Please credit the Bureau o f Labor Statistics
and cite the nam e and num ber o f the publication .
Contents
Page
Summ ary
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Industry characteristics
.............................................................................................................................................................................................
Products and processes
....................................................................................................................................................................................
1
1
1
L o c a t i o n .................................................................................................
2
Size o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t .........................................................................................................................................................................................
2
U n ion ization
.................................. ................................................................................................ „ ..............................................................
M aintenance craft con solid ation plans
2
. ..................................................................................................................................................
2
M ethod o f wage p a y m e n t ...............................................................................................................................................................................
2
Average hourly earnings
.............................................................................................................................................................................................
2
O ccupational e a r n i n g s ..................................................................................................................................................................................................
3
E stablishm ent practices and supplem entary wage provisions
.....................................................................................................................
4
Scheduled w eek ly hours and shift p r a c t i c e s .............................................................................................................................................
4
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................
4
Paid v a c a t i o n s .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Paid h olid ays
4
H ealth, insurance, and retirem ent plans
Other selected ben efits
.................................................................................................................................................
4
....................................................................................................................................................................................
4
T ext tables
1.
P roductivity, o u tp u t, and em p loyee hours for production w orkers in petroleum refining, 1965-75
2.
R egional pay levels for selected occupations expressed as percents o f n ationw ide averages
. . . .
.............................
2
4
R eference tables:
1.
Average h ou rly earnings: By selected characteristics
...........................................................................................................
6
2.
Earnings distribution: A ll p roduction w o r k e r s .........................................................................................................................
7
O ccupational averages:
3.
All e s t a b lis h m e n t s ....................................................................................................................................................................................
8
4.
5.
By size o f c o m m u n i t y ..........................................................................................................................................................................
9
By size o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
O ccupational earnings:
6.
U nited S t a t e s ...................................................................................................................................................................................................13
7.
East C o a s t ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
8.
Western Pennsylvania-W est Virginia
9.
M idw est I
.................................................................................................................................................. 15
........................................................................................................................................................................................................16
10.
M idw est I I ........................................................................................................................................................................................................17
11.
Texas-Louisiana G u lf C o a s t ..................................................................................................................................................................... 18
12.
Texas Inland-N orth L o u isia n a -A r k a n sa s............................................................................................................................................. 19
13.
R ocky M ountain
14.
West C o a s t .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
........................................................................................................................................................................................ 20
E stablishm ent practices and supplem entary wage provisions:
15.
M ethod o f wage p aym en t
..................................................................................................................................................................... 2 2
v
C ontents— Conti nu ed
Page
Establishm ent practices and supplem entary wage p rovisions—C ontinued
16.
Scheduled w eek ly h o u r s .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2 2
17.
Shift differential practices
18.
Paid h o l i d a y s ...................................................................................................................................................................................................2 3
..................................................................................................................................................................... 2 3
19.
Paid vacations
2 0.
H ealth, insurance, and retirem ent p l a n s .............................................................................................................................................2 5
..............................................................................................................................................................................................2 4
21.
Other selected b e n e f i t s ...............................................................................................................................................................................2 6
A ppendixes:
A.
Scope and m eth od o f survey
B.
O ccupational descriptions
................................................................................................................................................................ 2 7
..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 0
VI
Petroleum Refining, April 1976
Summary
plans. Workers typ ically received 10 paid h olid ays and, de
pending on len gth o f service, b etw een 2 and 5 w eeks o f
vacation annually.
Straight-tim e earnings o f p rod u ction workers in p etro
leum refineries averaged $ 7 .3 8 an hour in April 1 9 7 6 . All
but 3 percent o f the 6 3 ,2 8 9 workers covered by the sur
Industry characteristics
v e y 1 earned b etw een $ 5 .1 0 and $ 8 .5 0 an hour; the m iddle
50 p ercent fell b etw een $ 6 .8 9 and $ 7 .8 6 .
The 168 refineries w ithin the scope o f the study e m
R egionally, average earnings ranged from $ 7 .7 3 in the
p lo y ed 6 3 ,2 8 9 prod u ction and related workers in April
East C oast region to $ 6 .2 3 in W estern Pennsylvania-W est
1 9 7 6 —dow n 9 percent from the 6 9 ,8 3 1 w orkers recorded
V irginia.2 Workers in the T exas-Louisiana G u lf C oast reg
io n -n u m e r ic a lly the largest region (37 percent o f the w ork
in a similar survey co n d u cted in April 1 9 7 1 , and 14 percent
fo rce)-a v era g ed $ 7 .5 0 .
A m on g occu p ation s selected to represent the in d u stry’s
v ey .4 The 1 9 7 1 -7 6 em p lo y m en t decline apparently resulted
below the 7 3 ,3 1 8 w orkers total in the D ecem ber 1965 sur
from a drop in the num ber o f establishm ents w ith in scope
o f survey (d ow n from 185 in 1 9 7 1 ). The m ean establish
wage structure, h ourly pay levels ranged from $ 8 .1 4 for
c h ie f operators o f stills to $ 5 .9 6 for jan itors.3 A ssistant
m ent size was virtually unchanged b etw een the last tw o
operators, num erically the largest job studied, averaged
surveys—541 em p lo y ees in 19 7 6 com pared w ith 5 3 0 in
$ 7 .6 2 . O ccupational pay levels varied b y com m u n ity and
1 971.
establishm ent size.
V irtually all w orkers covered b y the survey were in es
O utput per p rod u ction -em p loyee hour in the industry
was on e-sixth higher in 1975 than in 1 9 7 0 . The 1975 level
tablishm ents that provided paid h o lid a y s, paid vacations,
o f prod u ctivity w as slightly above that attained in 197 2 and
1 9 7 4 , b u t was w ell b elo w the record level in 1 9 7 3 , just
and at least part o f the co st o f life, h osp italization , surgical,
basic and major m edical insurance, and retirem ent pension
before the height o f the Arab oil em bargo. T ext table 1
sum m arizes trends in p rod u ctivity, o u tp u t, and em p loyee
hours in the industry since 1 9 6 5 .5
1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey. Wage data
exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi
days, and late shifts.
The straight-time average hourly earnings in this bulletin differ in
concept from the gross average hourly earnings published in the
Bureau’ monthly Employment and Earnings series ($7.76 in April
s
1976). Unlike the latter, the estimates presented in this bulletin
exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi
days, and late shifts. Average (mean) earnings were calculated by
summing individual hourly earnings and dividing by the number of
individual workers. In the monthly series, by contrast, the sum of
the man-hour totals reported by establishments in the industry was
divided into the reported payroll totals.
The estimated number of production workers within the scope
Year-to-year flu ctu ation in activity level o f the p etro
leum
refining industry depends largely on the short-run
availability (and flo w ) o f crude p etroleum and the dem and
for petroleum -based p roducts. E vid en tly, the recent d ow n
ward trend o f em p loyee hours in the industry has n o t sig
n ifican tly a ffected increases in o u tp u t (te x t table 1). D e
creased dem and, h ow ever, for petroleu m p roduction in
1974 and 1975 corresponds w ith declines in refinery o u t
put for th ose years.6
Products and processes.
G asoline (including naph th a) was
the major product o f refineries em p loyin g slightly more
of the study i intended only as a general guide to the size and
s
composition of the labor force included in the survey. I differs
t
than n in e-ten th s o f the workers w ithin the scope o f the
from that published in the monthly series (87,100 in April 1976) by
excluding establishments employing fewer than 100 workers. Also,
the advance planning necessary to make the survey required use of
l s s of establishments assembled considerably in advance of data
it
collection. Thus, omitted are: (1) Establishments new to the indus
try, (2) establishments originally classified in the petroleum refining
industry but found in other industries at the time of the survey, and
(3) refineries classified incorrectly in other industries at the time the
l s s were compiled.
it
2 For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-l, footnote
3 See appendix B for occupational descriptions.
4 See Industry Wage Survey: Petroleum Refining, April 1971,
Bulletin 1741 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1972), and Industry Wage
Survey: Petroleum Refining, December 1965, Bulletin 1526 (1966).
5 Based on data from the Bureau’ series on productivity in
s
selected industries. Data for 1975 are preliminary. SeeProductivity
Indexes for Selected Industries, 1976 Edition, Bulletin 1938 (Bu
reau of Labor Statistics, 1977).
6 See “Energy Report from Chase,” Chase Manhattan Bank,
October-December 1976.
1
Text table 1. Productivity, output, and employee hours
for production workers in petroleum refining, 1965-75
Small refineries—
those with fewer
than 1 ,0 0 0 workers—
employed just under three-fifths of
the workers. All workers in four regions were employed in
small refineries; three-fourths in the Midwest I region,
three-fifths in the West Coast, slightly less than one-half in
the East Coast, and three-tenths in the Texas-Louisiana
Gulf Coast region.
Size o f establishment.
O u tp u t per
e m p lo y e e Year
O u tp u t
E m p lo y e e
h o u rs
hour
P e r c e n t c h a n g e f r o m p r e v io u s y e a r
1 9 6 5 ........................................................
8 .4
2 .8
- 5 .1
1 9 6 6 ........................................................
7 .9
5 .2
-2 .6
1967
........................................................
3 .0
4 .3
1 .2
1 9 6 8 ........................................................
3 .1
3 .6
.5
-3 .9
1 9 6 9 ........................................................
5 .8
1 .7
1 9 7 0 ........................................................
-2 .3
1 .8
4 .2
1 9 7 1 ........................................................
5 .4
2 .7
-2 .6
1 9 7 2 ........................................................
8 .5
3 .9
—4 . 3
1 9 7 3 ........................................................
1 1 .3
5 .3
-5 .3
1 9 7 4 ........................................................
-1 0 .2
-2 .7
8 .4
1 9 7 5 ........................................................
1 .1
- 1 .3
U n i o n i z a t i o n . Establishments operating under labormanagement agreements employed just over nine-tenths of
the industry’s workers. The proportion was at least fourfifths in each of the regions studied. The Oil, Chemical and
Atomic Workers Union (AFL-CIO) was the major union in
the industry in all regions except Texas Inland-North
Louisiana-Arkansas, where a majority were under other
AFL-CIO contracts.
-2 .4
A v e ra g e a n n u a l ra te (p e rc e n t)
Information was ob
tained on the incidence and major features of maintenance
craft consolidation plans. (These plans combine two or
more crafts into a single job classification, titled “general
mechanics” in this survey.) Such plans were found in 27 of
the 104 refineries visited in April 1976—
about the same
number of plans found in 1971 (but double the number
reported in 1965). The combination of crafts covered by
these plans ranged from all maintenance crafts (reported by
10 refineries) to only two designated crafts in some plants.
Most maintenance consolidation plans take workers who
have already attained journeyman status in one craft for
training in additional crafts, e.g., a boilermaker who learns
pipefitting. Little or no wage differential, however, was re
ported within an establishment between these fully trained
general mechanics and their counterparts in a single craft.
About one-third of these plans allowed for progression of
helpers or apprentices to general mechanics in 30 to 36
months.
M aintenance c ra ft consolidation plans.
1 9 6 5 -7 0
.............................................
3 .5
3 .3
-.3
1 9 7 0 -7 5
.............................................
3 .0
1 .6
- 1 .3
survey. Other important products include distillate fuel oil,
residual fuel oil, lube oil, and asphalt. At the time of the
survey, two-fifths of the refineries were processing petro
chemicals (chemical products derived from hydrocarbon
sources such as petroleum or natural gas). In the Western
Pennsylvania-West Virginia region, refineries primarily
manufactured products other than gasoline—
usually lube oil
or distillate fuel oil.
P e tro le u m refin in g is a re la tiv e ly large-scale
manufacturing operation processing fluids and gas almost
exclusively. Crude oil flows almost continuously in closely
interrelated refining units from the time it is received until
finished products are shipped. As a result, the industry’s
products are highly diversified and its processes automati
cally controlled.
Virtually all production workers
were paid time rates (table 15). For about nine-tenths of
the workers, these formal plans provided single rates for
specified occupations. Range of rate plans were most com
monly found in the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast and Rocky
Mountain regions, where they covered about 15 percent of
the production work force.
M e th o d o f wage p ay m e n t.
The Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast region, numeri
cally the largest, employed 37 percent of the production
workers. The East Coast, Midwest I and II, and West Coast
regions each employed between 10 and 15 percent of the
workers; the remaining three regions each employed 5 per
cent or fewer.
Establishments in metropolitan areas7 employed fourfifths of the workers. Regionally, the proportion in such
areas were seven-eighths or more in the East Coasts Midwest
I, Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast, and West Coast regions;
about two-fifths in the Rocky Mountain States; about onethird in the Midwest II and Texas Inland-North LouisianaArkansas regions; and none of the workers in refineries vis
ited in the Western Pennsylvania-West Virginia region.
L o c a tio n .
Average hourly earnings
Earnings of the 63,289 production and related workers
covered by the study averaged $7.38 an hour in April 1976.
Wage levels were highest in the East Coast region ($ 7 .7 3 an
hour) and lowest in Western Pennsylvania-West Virginia
($6.23). In all other sections of the country, average hourly
earnings ranged from $6.51 to $7.55 an hour. In the region
Texas-Louisiana
7
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. with the largest refinery employment—
Office of Management and Budget through February 1974.
Gulf Coast— average was $7.50 (table 1 ).
the
2
Among the 9 journeyman maintenance occupations
studied, average wage levels were highly compressed with
only a 2 -percent differential between the averages for the
highest paid job, general mechanics ($7.86)9, and the
lowest paid, hand welders ($7.69); maintenance trades’
helpers, at $6.62, were only about 15 percent below the
journeyman averages.
Occupational averages usually were highest in the East
Coast region and lowest in Western Pennsylvania-West Vir
ginia. In the latter, they typically fell 12 to 18 percent
below their nationwide levels (text table 2.) Averages were
generally about 10 percent below the nationwide levels in
the Texas Inland-North Louisiana-Arkansas region and
within 5 percent of national levels in the other 6 regions.
Occupational averages in almost all cases were slightly
higher in metropolitan areas than in nonmetropolitan areas
(table 4), and in refineries of 1,000 workers or more than in
smaller establishments (table 5). These relationships held in
the few instances where regional comparisons were possible.
Individual earnings of workers in selected occupations
were generally concentrated within relatively narrow limits
(particularly in the higher skilled jobs), even on a nation
wide basis (table 6 ). For most occupations, hourly earnings
of more than one-half the workers were within 40-cent in
tervals. Occupational earnings were concentrated even more
within the regions (tables 7-14).
The relatively high wage rates paid in the petroleum re
fining industry also filtered down to the low-skilled or un
skilled occupations. The $5.96 nationwide pay level in
April 1976 for janitors in petroleum refineries for example,
was considerably higher than the $4.20 all-manufacturing
average reported for janitors in the Nation’s metropolitan
areas in June 1975, the latest date for which information is
available. 10 This tendency for high-skilled occupations to
“pull up” semiskilled or unskilled workers is associated fre
quently with highly unionized, capital intensive indus
tries.1 1 The 37-percent spread between the highest and
lowest paying jobs in petroleum refining is among the small
est such differentials reported for industries studied by the
Bureau.
The $7.38 average for production workers in April 1976
was 61 percent above the average recorded in April 1971
($4.59 ) .8 This increase, which resulted largely from general
wage adjustments granted under collective bargaining agree
ments, far outpaced the 42-percent rise in average hourly
earnings for production workers in all nondurable goods
manufacturing (as reported in the Bureau’s index of hourly
earnings), and the 40-percent rise in the Bureau’s Consumer
Price Index. Regionally, increases in average hourly earnings
ranged from 55 percent in the Texas Inland-North Louisiana-Arkansas region to 67 percent in the Western Pennsyl
vania-West Virginia area.
Nationwide, workers in metropolitan areas averaged
$7.48 an hour— percent more than the $6.98 for workers
7
in nonmetropolitan areas. A 3-percent difference occurred
in the Midwest II region, but in the Rocky Mountain
States—
the only other region that could be compared—
workers in nonmetropolitan areas averaged 2 percent more
($7.52 compared with $7.35).
Average hourly earnings for workers in establishments of
1,000 employees or more were $7.51, compared with $7.28
for smaller establishments. In the three regions permitting
comparisons—
the East Coast, Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast,
and West Coast—
this relationship also held.
The survey did not measure the influence of any single
characteristic on wage levels or earnings relationships. Such
factors as size of community, size of establishment, and
unionization tend to be highly interrelated.
Earnings of all but 2 percent of the workers were within
a range of $6.10 and $8.50 an hour; the middle 50 percent
fell between $6.89 and $7.86 (table 2). The index of dis
persion (computed by dividing the middle range by the
median) was 13 percent—
one of the lowest dispersion rates
among industries studied by the Bureau. Contributing to
this narrow range of earnings are the high degree of union
ization in the industry, the predominance of single-rate
wage structures, and companywide bargaining in multiplant
companies.
Occupational earnings
Twenty-eight occupations, accounting for seven-tenths
of the production workers, were selected to represent
manufacturing operations and the wage structure in the
petroleum refining industry. Nationwide, occupational aver
ages ranged from $8.14 for chief operators of stills to $5.96
for janitors (table 3). Assistant operators, numerically the
most important job studied, averaged $7.62. Other impor
tant processing jobs and their averages included chief oper
ators’ helpers, $7.12; laborers, $6.09; and pumpers, $7.58.
9
The 2,334 general mechanics were employed chiefly by refin
eries having maintenance craft consolidation plans.
I 0 See Area Wage Survey: Metropolitan Areas, United States and
Regional Summaries, 1975, Bulletin 1850-89 (Bureau of Labor Sta
tistics, 1977). The all-manufacturing average for the April 1976 pay
roll period, if it were available, would show a smaller differential;
however, the wage advantage for janitors in refineries would still be
significant-probably more than 30 percent.
II See, for example, the following Industry Wage Surveys: Basic
Iron and Steel, September 1972, Bulletin 1839 (Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 1975); Metal Mining, September 1972, Bulletin 1820
(1974); and Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, August
1972, Bulletin 1797 (1973). In each of these industries, the lowest
paid occupations averaged more than many high skilled occupations
in other industries surveyed at the same time.
8 Op. cit., BLS Bulletin 1741. In January 1977 the Oil, Chem
ical and Atomic Workers union negotiated new settlements with
refineries employing approximately 60,000 workers. See Current
Wage Developments, February 1977, p. 1.
3
Text table 2.
(U .S .
a v e ra g e s
Regional pay levels for selected occupations expressed as percents of nationwide averages
= 1 0 0 )
Texas
W e s te rn
Texas
I n la n d -
P e n n s y l
East
O c c u p a tio n
R ocky
L o u is i
M id w e s t
II
N o rth
M id w e s t
I
v a n ia Coast
ana
W est
G u lf
V ir g in ia
W est
M oun
L o u is i-
Coast
Coast
ana-
t a in
A rk a n s a s
M a in t e n a n c e :
E l e c t r ic i a n s
..........................................................................................
103
83
99
96
101
91
100
H e lp e r s , t r a d e s ..................................................................................
105
90
102
98
101
91
102
I n s t r u m e n t r e p a ir e r s
...................................................................
102
88
99
95
101
91
99
102
M e c h a n ic s , g e n e r a l ...........................................................................
103
82
101
97
101
P ip e fitte r s
.............................................................................................
102
82
99
97
101
90
100
101
W e ld e r s , h a n d ......................................................................................
104
79
99
98
101
91
101
102
-
-
-
102
99
P r o c e s s in g :
.......................................................................
105
88
102
94
101
91
101
98
C h i e f o p e r a t o r s ..................................................................................
106
86
101
95
101
90
100
101
A s s is ta n t o p e r a t o r s
............................................................
104
-
104
98
101
88
102
99
L a b o r e r s .................................................................................................
104
95
105
101
99
91
100
102
P u m p e rs
.................................................................................................
105
85
100
94
104
88
100
98
100
C h i e f o p e r a t o r s ' h e lp e r s
O th e r:
R o u t i n e te s t e r s , l a b o r a t o r y ....................................................
109
85
100
94
103
88
94
T r u c k d r i v e r s ..........................................................................................
104
-
107
99
102
92
103
J a n i t o r s .....................................................................................................
103
-
100
103
100
-
N O T E :
D a sh e s
in d ic a te
n o
d a ta
re p o rte d
o r d a ta
th a t d o
n o t
m e e t
p u b lic a tio n
-
105
criteria.
visions for most workers amounted to 2 weeks’ pay after 1
year of service, 3 weeks after 5 years, 4 weeks after 10
years, and 5 weeks after 20 years. Provisions varied little by
region, except that they were somewhat less liberal in West
ern Pennsylvania-West Virginia.
Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions
Data were also obtained on certain establishment prac
tices and supplementary wage benefits for production
workers, including work schedules, shift differentials, paid
holidays, paid vacations, and specified health, insurance,
and retirement plans.
H e a lth , insurance , and re tire m e n t plans.
All or nearly all
workers were in establishments providing at least part of
the cost of life, hospitalization, surgical, medical, and major
medical insurance, and protection against loss of income
due to illness or accident (table 20). Accidental death and
dismemberment insurance applied to three-fifths of the
workers, and long-term disability insurance, to one-third.
Dental insurance was rarely found.
Also studied was the coverage of dependents by health
plans. In almost all cases, employees’ dependents were cov
ered by hospitalization, surgical, and basic and major medi
cal insurance. As with other insurance plans, health insur
ance coverage was usually jointly financed by the employer
and employees.
Retirement pension plans, in addition to Federal social
security, were provided by virtually all refineries. Most of
these plans were financed entirely by the employer. Sever
ance payments upon retirement applied to 3 percent of the
industry’s workers.
Virtually all
production workers were in refineries scheduling a 40-hour
workweek on the day shift (table 16). In the Midwest I and
West Coast regions, a small proportion of the workers were
on longer schedules.
Approximately one-half of the industry’s work force was
assigned to rotating shifts in April 1976 (table 17). Typi
cally, arrangements called for an employee to alternate
among day, evening, and night assignments on successive
weeks. In almost all cases, workers on evening schedules
received 2 0 cents an hour above day rates, and those on
night schedules received 40 cents. Workers on fixed late
shifts accounted for less than 2 percent of the work force.
Scheduled w eekly hours and shift practices.
All workers were in establishments providing
paid holidays, typically 10 days annually except in the
Texas Inland-North Louisiana-Arkansas region (table 18).
In that region a slight majority of workers received between
7 and 9 days. Slightly more than one-third of the East
Coast workers were provided 11 paid holidays.
Paid holidays.
O ther selected benefits. Virtually all production workers
were in refineries having formal provisions for jury-duty
pay and pay during absences to attend funerals of specified
relatives. Technological severance pay to eligible employees
All establishments studied provided paid
vacations after qualifying periods of service (table 19). Pro
Paid vacations.
91
4
Plants employing nearly seven-eighths of the workers
provided thrift or savings plans to which the employer
made contributions beyond administrative costs. In most
instances, three-fourths or more of the eligible workers sub
scribed to such plans.
permanently separated from employment because of plant
closings or force reductions was available to slightly less
than three-fifths of the work force, nationally, and to about
two-fifths or more of the workers in all regions except the
East Coast (table 21).
5
Table 1. Average hourly earnings: By selected characteristics
(Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 o f production workers in petroleum refineries. United States and regions,2 April1976)
Ca c ris
hrate tic
AL WR E S
L O K R ......................................
SIZE O C M U IT :
F O MN Y
M T O O IT N A E ....................
E R P L A RA
N N E R P L A A E S.................
O MT O O IT N R A
SIZE O E A L M N :
F ST B ISH E T
100-999 W R E S
O K R ...........................
1000 WR E S O M R ..................
O KR R O E
Es
at
Cat
os
Uite
nd
S te
ta s
Nme Ae g
u br
vrae
hu
orly
o
f
wrkrs ern g
oe
a ins
63,289 $7.38
Nme
u br
o
f
wrkrs
oe
8 , 141
50,692
12,597
7.48
6.98
8
36,440
26,849
7.28 3,711
7.51 4,430
, 141
Ae g
vrae
hu
orly
ern g
a ins
$7.73
Wte
e rn
s
Txs
eaPnslvn eny aia
Mws I
id et
Mws I
id et I
Lu iaa
ois n
WtV in
e irg ia
s
GlfCat
u os
Nme Ae g Nme Ae g Nme Ae g Nme Ae g
u br vrae u br vrae u br vrae
u br
vrae
o
f
hu
orly
hu
orly
o
f
o
f
hu
orly
o
f
hu
orly
wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g
oe
a ins o e
a ins o e
a ins
oe
a ins
1,750 $6.23 9,435 $7.55 6 , 1 2 2 $6.97 23,321 $7.50
7.73
1,750
-
6.23
7.73 1,750
7.74
-
6.23 7,082
~
“
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and fo r work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts
2 For d efinitions of regions used in this report, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
8,320
-
TxsIn nea lad
Rcy
ok
Wt
e
s
NrthLu iaa
o ois nMn in
o ta
u
Cat „
os
A ass
rkna
Nme Ae g Nme Ae g Nme Ae g
u br vrae u br vrae u br vrae
o
f
hu
orly
f
o
f
hu ^ o
orly
hu
orly
wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g
oe
a ins o e
a ins o e a ins
3,400 $6.51 2,833 $7.45 8,287 $7.36
7.56 2,057
4,065
"
7.12 21,782
6.90
-
7.50
-
2,305
7.52
-
6.97 6,449
- 16,872
7.46
7.52
3,400
6 ,1 2 2
1,148
1,685
7.35 8,149
7.52
-
7.35
6.51 2,833
-
7.45 5,093
3,194
-
7.50
7.13
6 .6 8
3 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office o f Management and Budget through
February 1974.
NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reportedjor data that do not meet publication criteria.
T a b le 2. E a r n in g s d is tr ib u tio n : A ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s
(Percent of production w
orkers by straight-tim hourly earnings1 in petroleum refineries. United States and regions, April 1976)
e
Hu ern g
orly a ins
N ME O W R E S
U BR F O K R .......................
A E A E H U L E R IN S
V R G O R Y A N G .............
TTL
O A ..................................
U D R $5.10................................
NE
$5.10 A D U D R $5.20..............
N NE
$5.20 A D U DR $5.30................
N NE
$5.30 A D U D R $5.40................
N NE
$5.40 A D U D R $5.50................
N NE
$5.50 AD U DR $5.60................
N NE
$5.60 A D U D R $5.70................
N NE
$5.70 A D U DR $5.80................
N NE
$5.80 A D U D R $5.90................
N NE
$5.90 A D U D R $6.00................
N NE
$6.00 AD U DR $6.10................
N NE
$6.10 A D U D R $6.20................
N NE
$6.20 A D U DR $6.30................
N NE
$6.30 A D U D R $6.40................
N NE
$6.40 A D U DR $6.50................
N NE
$6.50 A D U D R $6.60................
N NE
$6.60 A D U D R $6.70................
N NE
$6.70 AD U DR $6.80................
N NE
$6.80 A D U D R $6.90................
N NE
$6.90 A D U DR $7.00................
M NE
$7.00 A D U D R $7.10................
N NE
$7.10 A D U D R $7.20................
N NE
$7.20 AD U DR $7.30................
N NE
$7.30 A D U D R $7.40................
N NE
$7.40 A D U DR $7.50................
N NE
$7.50 A D U D R $7.60................
N NE
$7.60 A D U D R $7.70................
N NE
$7.70 A D U DR $7.80................
N NE
$7.80 A D U D R $7.90................
N NE
$7.90 AD U DR $8.00................
N NE
$8.00 A D U D R $8.10................
N NE
$8.10 A D U D R $8.20................
N NE
$8.20 A D U DR $8.30................
N NE
$8.30 A D U D R $8.40................
N NE
$8.40 AD U DR $8.50................
N NE
$8.50 A D O E ............................
N VR
Uite
nd
S te
ta s
Es
at
Cat
os
63,289
$7.38
8,141
$7.73
Wte
e rn
s
Pnslvn eny aia
WtV in
e irg ia
s
1,750
$6.23
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
0.9
.2
.3
.3
.2
.4
.1
.2
.7
1 .1
1 .1
2.4
1.5
2.3
2 .0
2.5
2 .1
3.2
3.8
2.9
3.4
2.9
4.4
3.5
4.4
2.3
3.4
15.2
1 2 .2
5.5
1.9
4.3
3.7
1 .1
1.7
1.9
.1
(*)
.2
2.3
.3
.7
.9
2 .0
3.4
1 .6
2.9
3.9
4.7
4.2
6 .8
1. 2
_
8.3
3.7
5.6
7.7
5.6
6.4
9.6
6.5
8.3
4. 1
2.4
2 .8
8 .8
0 .1
-
.1
_
2.9
4.9
5.4
1.3
2.9
2 .2
14.9
9.3
3.5
17. 9
2.4
.6
2.3
.4
1 .6
2 .0
1 0 .1
1 Excludes prem pay for overtim and for work on w
ium
e
eekends, holidays, and
late shifts.
-
_
-
.1
_
-
-
-
Mws I
id et
Mws I
id et I
9,435
$7.55
$6.97
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
0.3
6 ,1 2 2
Txs
eaLu iaa
ois nGlfCat
u os
23,321
$7.50
1 0 0 .0
-
-
-
.6
0.3
(*)
.1
.1
.1
.8
.1
(*)
(*)
.4
.5
.3
.6
3. 6
1.4
1.5
0 .2
-
.9
.2
1 .6
.8
4. 5
1.5
1 .6
4.8
7.1
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
5.9
2 .6
6 .6
5.4
3.3
3.3
3.7
3.5
5.3
4.3
6.5
8 .0
4.2
2 .6
8 .8
.6
1 .6
5.4
24.1
5. 6
4.0
3. 8
4.8
5.2
1 .0
4.5
1 .6
2.7
5.6
1.3
1.7
1 .1
.8
1 0 0 .0
9.8
.9
Rcy
ok
Mn in
o ta
u
8,287 !
$7.36
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
0 .6
-
<
*)
(*)
.4
.3
3.0
.1
.4
2.5
1 .2
6 .0
1.5
.1
.1
1 .6
.2
1.5
2 .6
2 .2
.2
1 .0
3.3
1.9
.8
6.3
1 .8
2 .1
.9
1.9
2.7
4.0
2.4
1.9
2.9
5.0
2 .8
1.7
1.7
2.9
27.0
14.6
8 .0
.8
1 .8
5.1
.7
.1
.8
.8
5.1
5.4
7.9
4.5
3.0
4.4
4. 1
8 .6
1.3
3.7
1 .1
.8
4.9
.7
_
.1
-
-
Wt
e
s
Cat
os
2,833
$7.45
1 .6
1 .0
2 .0
<)
*
<)
*
Less than 0.05 percent.
TxsIn nea lad
NrthLu iaa
o ois nAass
rkna
3,400
$6.51
.1
.1
2 .0
.8
2
.1
2.3
2 .0
2 .0
1.7
(*)
<)
*
<
*)
<)
*
.1
1 .2
.4
0 .2
8 .1
1 .0
3.2
2.3
5.0
1.4
4.4
2.3
1 .2
1 .8
3.9
3.7
3. 2
3.3
9.1
3.6
.6
12.4
12. 5
11.9
5.2
1.7
9.7
.9
3.1
-
1 .1
2 .8
1 .8
12.7
.5
1.9
1 .6
23.7
2 .1
2.7
.6
5.7
3.3
3.8
.6
T a b l e 3 . O c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s : A ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s
(Number and average hourly earnings1 of production w
orkers in selected occupations in petroleum refineries. United States and regions, April 1976)
Es
at
Cat
os
Uite
nd
S te
ta s
Dprtmnadocptio
ea et n cua n
Nme
u br
o
f
wrkrs
oe
Ae g
vrae
hu
orly
ern g
a ins
M IN E A C
A TNNE
B IL R A E S, M IN E A C ...............
O E MKR A TNNE
921 $7.79
685 7.73
C R N E S, M IN E A C ..................
A PE T R A T N N E
ELECTRICIA S, M IN E A C ............... , 1,108 7.75
N A TNNE
1,531 6.62
H
ELPERS, M IN E A C T A E
A T N N E R D S............
1,371 7.83
IN R M N R IR S.......................
ST U E T EPA ER
1,447 7.78
M C IN
A H ISTS, M IN E A C ..................
A TNNE
M C A IC G N R L
E H N S, E E A ........................... 2,334 7.86
M C A IC M IN E A C
E H N S, A T N N E
1,155 7.71
(M C IN R )....................................
AH EY
PIPEFITTERS, M IN E A C ................. 2,751 7.74
A TNNE
H L E S, H N , M IN E A C .............
E DR AD A TN NE
1,254 7.69
POE G
R C SSIN
A
SSISTA T O E A O S
N P R T R .........................
8,684 7.62
C IEF O R T R ................................ 6,573 8.14
H
PE A O S
C IEF O R T R H L R
H
PE A O S' E PE S................. 3,068 7. 12
C MO N E S
O P U D R ......................................
7.44
2 02
L B RR
A O E S........................................... 2,717 6.09
L A E S, T N C R O T U K
O D R A K A S R R C S..........
865 6.81
P C A E FILLERS, M C IN .................
AKG
AH E
655 6 . 89
PU PE S.............................................
M R
1,705 7.58
PU PER H PE S..............................
M S' EL R
765 7.27
T EA S, OILS.................................
R TER
515 7.08
TR TER H L R OILS..................
EA S' E PE S,
209 7.41
IN TIN A D T ST G
SPEC G N E IN
R U IN TESTER L B R T R ............ 2,504 7.38
OT E
S, A O A O Y
R C R IN A D C N R L
E OD G N OTO
542 7.22
S OK C E K
T C L R S....................................
M T R L MVMN
A E IA O E E T
P WR R C O R T R FORKLIFT....
O E -T U K PE A O S,
168 6.67
P WR R C O R T R , O H R T A
O E -T U K PE A O S T E H N
77
FO LIFT.........................................
RK
7.21
T U K R E S.....................................
R C D IV R
810 6.71
C S O IA
UT D L
521 6.64
G A D ..............................................
URS
351 5.96
JA ITO
N RS...........................................
Nme
u br
o
f
wrkrs
oe
Ae g
vrae
hu
orly
ern g
a ins
$7.94
7.94
7.99
6.95
8 .0 2
7.96
8.13
264 7.93
147 8.03
122
66
132
214
148
189
794
1
_
_
-
-
17 $6.44
56 5.97
13 6 . 88
9 6.60
45 6.44
34 6.36
27 6 . 1 1
116 $7.71
70 7.64
136 7.70
327 6.75
201
7.73
226 7.72
778 7.90
107 7.68
429 7.69
166 7.65
Txs
eaTxsIn nea lad
Rcy
ok
Wt
e
s
Lu iaa
ois nNrthLu iaa
o ois nMn in
o ta
u
Cat
os
GlfCat
u os
Aass
rkna
Nme Ae g Nme Ae g Nme Ae g Nme Ae g Nme Ae g
u br vrae u br vrae u br vrae u br vrae u br vrae
hu
orly
hu
orly
o
f
hu
orly
hu
orly
o
f
o
f
o
f
hu
orly
o
f
wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g
o e a ins o e
a ins
a ins o e a ins o e
a ins o e
Mws I
id et I
26 $7.53
498 $7.80
333 7.78
33 7.29
518 7.86
83 7.42
152 6.46
428 6.67
91 7.41
625 7.89
73 7.43
589 7.80
647 7.84
132 7.46
176 7.49 1,284 7.79
12 1
7.41
501 7.79
_
_
31 $7.06
68
7.04
106 6 . 0 2
37 7.11
26 7.07
-
74
61
66
-
6 .6 8
6.96
6.96
_
24 $7.72
43 6.76
75 7.79
67 7.75
166 7.65
37 7.71
156 7.77
83 7.79
, 102
665
215
28
104
46
180
261
65
24
18
8.60
7.37
8.07
6.31
7.23
6.78
7.98
7.37
8 .1 1
7.22
96
153
21
155
14
51
69
55
-
6.67 1,733
6.97
907
471
23
6.39
5.81
483
6.48
152
6.43
6.44
279
60
5.99
37
-
7.76
8.26
7.40
7.92
6.42
7.37
7.61
7.50
7.04
-
848
604
392
26
577
199
63
173
51
81
-
7. 17 3,007
7.70 2,643
7.01 1,332
7.40
42
6.15
806
6.67
132
219
6.92
7. 13
521
6.87
473
7. 14
174
72
-
7.68
8.24
7. 16
8 .0 0
6.05
6.77
6.81
7.92
7.35
7.28
7.57
442
399
192
32
310
160
105
26
75
6.91
7.34
6.27
6.72
5.55
6.05
-
389
8 .0 1
73
6.29
356
7.41
308
6.94
872
7.61
194
6.46
123
7.26
10
6.09
77
7.15
39
6.87
204
7.49
21
44
6.82
7.31
6.98
-
6.99
7.03
7.15
44
54
6.63
7.09
6.64
251
6.84
42
6.90
5.97
17
53
6.37
6.13
229
126
6.59
5.96
_
_
_
"
“
16
18
93
113
46
8 .0 1
6.71
6 .1 1
Excludes prem pay for overtim and for work on w
ium
e
eekends, holidays and late shifts.
Wte
e rn
s
Pnslvn eny aia
Mws I
id et
WtV in
e irg ia
s
Nme Ae g Nme Ae g
u br vrae u br
vrae
hu
orly
o
f
o
f
hu
orly
a ins o e
a ins
wrkrs ern g wrkrs ern g
oe
-
15
154
_
_
“
~
99
11
48
12
115 $7.85 i
111
7.84
130 7.88
205 6.54
181 7.97
268 7.84
36 7.92
60 7.87
347 7.83
143 7.83
7.72 1,040
8 . 15
885
7.23
216
27
6.06
141
7.03
79
35
7.61
206
7.50
63
47
53
7.49
8 .2 0
7.04
7.24
6 .2 1
7.29
6.62
7.41
7.03
7.76
7.41
125
6.93
187
7.39
6.42
15
7.18
53
6.94
6.14
26
6.92
-
-
36
29
6.56
6.27
6 .6 8
6 .2 1
6.29
-
416
317
206
141
83
91
27
-
NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not m publication criteria.
eet
_
5.43
Table 4. Occupational averages: By size of community
(Number and average straight-time hourly earnings' of production workers in selected occupations, United States and regions, A pril 1976)
Occupation
United States
M
etropolitan
areas
United States
Nonmetropolitan
areas
East
Coast
Metropolitan areas
W
estern Pennsylvania
W Virginia
est
Nonmetropolitan areas
M
idwest-1
Metropolitan
areas
M
idwest-2
M
etropolitan
areas
M
idwest-2
Nonmetropolitan
areas
Texas- Louisiana
Gulf
Coast
Metropolitan
Texas InlandNorth Louisiana
Nonmetropolitan
Number
of
workers
ASSISTANT OPERATORS.........................................
BOILERMAKERS, MAINTENANCE........................
CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE..............................
CHIEF OPERATORS....................................................
CHIEF OPERATORS* HELPERS...........................
COMPOUNDERS...............................................................
ELE CTR IC IA N S, MAINTENANCE........................
GUARDS............................................................................
HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES...................
INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS......................................
JA N ITO RS.......................................................................
LABORERS.......................................................................
LOADERS, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS................
M ACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE..............................
MECHANICS, GENERAL............................................
MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE
(MACHINERY)............................................................
PACKAGE F IL L E R S , MACHINE...........................
P IP E F IT T E R S , MAINTENANCE...........................
POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, FORKLIFT____
POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, OTHER THAN
FO R K L IFT....................................................................
PUMPERS..........................................................................
PUMPERS* HELPERS.................................................
ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY...................
STOCK CLERKS............................................................
TREATERS, O IL S .......................................................
TREATERS' HELPERS, O I L .................................
TRUCKDRIVERS............................................................
WELDERS, HAND, MAINTENANCE......................
See footnotes at end of table.
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
7 ,1 3 6
854
579
5 ,0 0 2
2 ,2 7 4
138
929
478
1 ,2 5 7
1 ,1 4 4
260
1 ,7 7 1
57 5
1 ,2 1 4
2 ,0 6 3
$ 7 . 69
7 . 81
7 .7 8
8 .2 7
7 .2 3
7 . 73
7 .8 3
6 . 68
$ 7 .2 7
7 .5 9
7 .4 3
7 .7 1
6 .8 1
6 . 82
7 .3 5
6 .2 8
6 .3 5
7 . 56
5 .7 7
1 , 102
122
66
96
153
-
$ 6 .6 7
6 .9 7
6 .3 9
6 .4 4
5 .9 7
$ 7 .7 6
7 .7 1
7 .6 4
8 .2 7
7 .4 5
7 .9 2
7 .7 0
6 .9 0
6 .7 2
7 .7 4
$ 7 .3 3
562
$ 7 .0 8
7 .4 6
7 .2 6
7 .6 1
6 .8 5
7 .4 0
7 .3 5
_
6 . 23
7 .3 3
6 .7 4
7 .5 9
7 . 52
6 .1 4
6 .5 9
7 .4 1
-
2 ,8 6 5 i $ 7 . 6 8
4 90
7 .8 0
327
7 .7 8
2 ,2 3 9
8 . 31
1 ,1 8 1
7 .2 0
42
8 .0 0
496
7 .8 7
229
6 .5 9
4 28
6 .6 7
5 79
7 .9 0
126
5 .9 6
788
6 .0 4
120
6 .7 5
509
7 .8 1
“
334
_
25
291
126
5 .8 1
6 .4 8
6 .6 0
6 .4 4
1 ,5 5 9
108
62
799
402
23
116
94
28 8
165
28
427
132
217
73 3
2 86
-
665
215
28
132
113
214
148
46
104
46
189
794
$ 8 .0 1
7 .9 4
7 .9 4
8 .6 0
7 .3 7
8 .0 7
7 .9 9
6 .7 1
6 .9 5
7 .8 8
6 .0 3
6 .1 3
6 . 85
7 .8 1
7 . 91
1 ,5 4 8
67
106
1 ,5 7 1
794
64
17 9
43
27 4
227
91
946
29 0
233
271
894
541
2 ,3 3 5
132
7 .7 8
6 .9 4
7 .7 8
6 .7 0
261
114
416
36
7 . 49
6 .6 1
7 . 50
6 .5 9
1 80
2 64
44
6 .7 8
7 .9 3
6 .8 2
51
34
“
6 .4 3
6 .3 6
62
40 4
52
1 ,3 4 1
6 81
1 ,9 5 1
455
325
183
679
973
7 .3 5
7 .7 0
7 .3 3
7 .5 5
7 . 31
7 .2 9
7 .4 3
6 .7 3
7 .7 7
25
364
84
55 3
87
190
6 .9 1
7 .1 6
6 . 86
6 .8 1
6 .7 5
6 .7 0
18
261
65
389
123
24
18
93
147
7 .3 1
7 .9 8
7 .3 7
7 .2 6
10
8 .1 1
55
6 .4 4
6 .2 9
6 .0 9
5 .9 9
11
8 .0 1
69
73
7 .2 2
6 .9 8
8 .0 3
27
6 .6 8
-
131
281
6 .0 0
-
6 .5 9
7 .4 0
-
8 .0 2
6 .1 1
6 .3 1
7 .2 3
7 .9 6
8 .1 3
-
21
17
56
13
155
14
9
45
-
6 .8 8
11
24 6
47
332
66
33
-
-
-
131
148
6 .1 1
-
-
-
7 .5 3
6 .7 3
6 . 14
11
29
391
248
6 .4 3
7 .4 3
7 .7 2
7 .9 0
31
71
24
168
83
~
6 .7 7
“
52
_
81
58
29
409
116
59
-
7 .6 2
7 .6 9
6 .9 9
67
“
7 .5 4
_
65
37
106
16
7 .3 8
6 . 80
7 .4 4
6 .6 0
578
2 19
1 ,1 9 0
-
7 .8 1
6 .8 1
7 .7 9
“
59
_
43
7 .0 1
7 .5 6
7 .5 1
7 .4 2
7 .0 9
6 .9 1
61
7 .2 6
6 .9 7
7 .0 8
-
10
112
7 .0 1
7 .0 6
6 .8 0
6 .8 5
6 .8 1
7 .0 3
463
47 3
824
193
174
72
247
457
_
7 .9 4
7 . 35
7 .6 1
7 .5 3
7 .2 8
7 .5 7
6 .8 4
7 .7 9
-
6 .1 2
-
7 .1 5
7 .6 5
20
120
-
6 .2 0
-
-
-
-
46
7 .5 2
20
31
188
25
55
_
35
75
6 .1 2
_
6 .5 4
7 .3 4
20
53
_
43
25
223
76
23
-
~
69
26
131
21
51
_
24
42
Average
hourly
earnings
$ 7 .0 2 i
7 .1 5
7 .4 7
6 .1 4
6 .6 5
7 .2 0
6 .0 5
7 .2 7
5 .7 2
6 .5 2
7 .2 7
6 .8 3
_
7 .0 5
_
6 .8 8
6 .2 1
6 .6 2
6 .4 2
6 .3 6
_
6 .3 2
7 .0 9
Table 4. Occupational averages: By size of
community—Continued
(Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 o f production workers in selected occupations,
United States and regions, A pril 1976)
Rocky
M
ountain
Metropolitan
W
est
Coast
Metropolitan
Occupation
Number
of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
1 , 028
111
$ 7 .4 9
7 .8 5
7 .8 4
7 .7 1
6 .0 6
7 .7 0
7 .5 6
873
2 16
27
124
36
190
178
29
129
64
2 62
36
7 .0 4
7 .2 4
7 . 89
6 .5 6
6 .5 3
7 .9 7
6 .2 7
6 . 19
7 .3 1
7 . 84
7 .9 2
7 .7 1
7 .6 9
7 .4 7
7 .3 0
7 .0 0
7 . 36
6 .7 3
-
60
35
341
206
63
175
53
44
53
137
7 .8 7
6 . 62
7 .8 4
7 .4 1
7 .0 3
7 .4 2
6 .9 4
7 .7 8
7 . 41
7 .8 4
Number .Average
of
hourly
workers earnings
o
ASSISTANT OPERATORS..........................................
BOILERMAKERS, MAINTENANCE.........................
CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE..............................
CHIEP OPERATORS....................................................
CHIEF OPERATORS* HELPERS............................
COMPOONDERS...............................................................
ELECTRICIA NS, MAINTENANCE.........................
GUARDS............................................................................
HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES....................
INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS......................................
JANITORS.......................................................................
LABORERS......................................................................
LOADERS, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS.................
MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE..............................
MECHANICS, GENERAL............................................
MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE
(MACHINERY)............................................................
PACKAGE FILLER S, MACHINE............................
P IP E F IT T E R S , MAINTENANCE...........................
PUMPERS.........................................................................
PUMPERS' HELPERS.................................................
ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY...................
STOCK CLERKS............................................................
TREATERS, O IL S .......................................................
TREATERS' HELPERS, O IL .................................
TRUCKDRIVERS............................................................
WELDERS, HAND, MAINTENANCE......................
188
1 05
15
29
68
20
90
25
48
68
13
48
6
16
_
$ 7 .7 5
8 .0 3
7 .6 8
-
115
8 .2 0
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and fo r work on weekends, holidays and late shifts.
NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria.
Table 5. Occupational averages: By size of establishment
(Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of production workers in selected occupations, United States and regions, April 1976)
United States
100-999
workers
Occupation
Number
of
workers
ASSISTANT OPERATORS.........................................
BOILERMAKERS, MAINTENANCE........................
CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE..............................
CHIEF OPERATORS...................................................
CHIEF OPERATORS' HELPERS...........................
COMPOUNDERS..............................................................
ELECTRICIA NS, MAINTENANCE........................
GUARDS...........................................................................
HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES...................
INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS......................................
JA N IT O RS.....................................................................
LABORERS......................................................................
LOADERS, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS.................
M ACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE..............................
MECHANICS, GENERAL...........................................
MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE
(MACHINERY)...........................................................
PACKAGE F IL L E R S, MACHINE...........................
P IP E F IT T E R S , MAINTENANCE...........................
POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, FORKLIFT____
POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, OTHER THAN
FO RKLIFT...................................................................
PUMPERS........................................................................
PUMPERS' HELPERS................................................
ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY...................
STOCK CLERKS...........................................................
TREATERS, O IL S ......................................................
TREATERS' HELPERS, O IL .................................
TRUCKDRIVERS...........................................................
WELDERS, HAND, MAINTENANCE......................
See footnotes at end of table.
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
5 ,0 2 0
349
306
4 ,0 4 4
2 ,1 7 9
$ 7 .5 4
7 . 78
7 .6 4
7 .9 7
7 .0 6
7 . 12
7 .6 3
6 .3 9
6 .5 3
7 .7 8
5 . 88
6 .0 8
6 .7 7
7 .7 3
7 .7 5
3 ,6 6 4
572
379
2 ,5 2 9
88 9
82
539
303
537
54 0
147
892
116
621
1 , 197
$ 7 .7 2
7 . 80
7 .8 0
8 . 40
7 .2 9
7 .9 1
7 .8 8
6 .8 3
6 .7 9
7 .9 0
6 .0 7
86
7 .5 9
6 .7 5
7 .6 9
6 . 52
54
1 ,2 1 6
38 1
1 ,6 3 2
268
40 9
124
477
778
7 . 19
7 . 45
7 .2 1
7 .2 2
7 .0 3
6 . 83
7 .3 6
6 . 59
7 .6 0
120
569
218
994
831
20 4
1 ,8 2 5
749
826
1 , 137
560
266
1 ,4 6 0
East
Coast
100-999
workers
United States
1,000 workers
or more
Number
of
workers
64 7
45
24
323
96
69
65
-
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
$ 7 .9 5
7 .9 3
7 .9 0
8 .5 5
7 .2 6
-
455
77
42
342
-
96
153
-
$ 7 .8 2
7 .7 1
7 .5 9
63
48
153
73
37
109
$ 6 .6 7
6 .9 7
6 .3 9
6 .4 4
5 .9 7
1 ,0 7 4
65
41
714
4 22
8 .0 0
6 .6 8
$ 8 .1 0
7 .9 5
7 .9 6
8 .6 4
8 . 12
7 .9 7
6 .7 5
7 .0 7
6 . 28
7 .2 6
7 .9 7
7 . 07
7 .8 4
7 .9 7
59 5
389
1 ,2 9 1
82
7 .8 3
6 .9 8
7 .7 9
6 . 84
108
151
~
6 .8 2
7 .9 5
~
23
489
38 4
872
274
106
85
33 3
47 6
7 .2 7
7 .9 0
7 . 33
7 .6 9
7 .4 0
8 .0 4
7 .4 9
150
170
45
76
7 .8 9
8 .3 1
7 . 17
7 .9 8
6 .8 8
7 .8 4
M
idwest-1
100-999
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
8 .0 6
7 .0 9
7 .9 5
8 .1 3
6 .1 0
or m
ore
W
estern PennsylvaniaW V
est irginia
100-999
workers
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
9
80
30 9
10 1
East
Coast
1,000 workers
20
21
10
111
8 .2 1
7 .4 3
8 .2 0
~
~
17
56
13
155
14
9
45
-
6 .8 2
51
34
”
6 .4 3
6 .3 6
93
2 52
~
7 .6 4
7 .6 8
“
-
6 .4 4
6 .2 9
6 .0 9
5 .9 9
-
15
2 79
60
277
7 .0 3
7 .6 1
7 .5 0
7 .4 1
7 .1 8
6 .9 6
7 .2 3
7 .6 5
44
-
-
111
8 .1 0
12
7 .7 8
7 .3 1
8 .0 9
7 .0 3
8 .0 9
219
78
45
71
69
73
10
55
27
6 .8 8
5 .8 1
6 .4 8
6 .6 0
6 .4 4
6 .1 1
7 .7 1
6 .9 3
6 .7 5
7 .7 4
5 .9 4
6 .4 2
7 .3 6
7 .7 2
71
28 4
177
45
403
148
166
3 68
8 .0 1
68
33
104
166
Table 5. Occupational averages: By size of establishment—Continued
(Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings' o f production workers in selected occupations, United States and regions, A pril 1976)
M
idwest-2
100-999
workers
Occupation
G
ulf
Coast
1,000 workers
or more
Texas-Inland
North Louisana
100-999
workers
Rocky
Mountain
100-999
workers
W
est
Coast
100-999
workers
W
est
Coast
1,000 workers
or m
ore
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
848
26
33
604
392
26
83
17
152
91
53
577
199
73
-
$ 7 .1 7
7 . 53
7 .2 9
7 .7 0
7 .0 1
7 .4 0
7 .4 2
6 .3 7
6 . 46
7 .4 1
6 . 13
6 .1 5
6 . 67
7 .4 3
-
876
106
62
94 1
615
10 8
38
170
19 8
2 ,1 3 1
3 92
271
1 ,7 0 2
717
42
410
191
258
42 7
116
732
54
359
-
$ 7 .7 0
7 .7 8
7 .7 8
8 .3 4
7 .2 8
442
31
399
192
32
$ 7 .7 2
8 .1 5
7 .2 3
7 .7 2
6 .7 6
7 .7 9
5 .4 3
6 .0 6
7 .0 3
7 .7 5
7 .6 5
$ 7 .5 1
7 .8 4
7 .8 3
8 .0 8
7 .0 4
7 .8 5
6 .6 2
6 .0 5
7 .0 4
7 .8 1
-
416
317
20 6
24
43
75
16
141
83
67
166
621
63
74
5 93
106
37
310
160
26
-
$ 6 .9 1
7 .0 6
7 .3 4
6 .2 7
6 .7 2
7 .0 4
-
74
78
230
168
$ 7 .6 3
7 .8 6
7 .8 2
8 .0 6
7 .0 3
7 .8 3
4 .9 9
6 .5 6
7 .8 4
5 .3 0
6 .0 5
6 . 59
7 .7 8
6 .9 9
$ 7 .4 7
7 .8 5
8 .4 4
7 .9 5
6 .5 6
6 .4 2
7 .8 5
-
132
63
1 76
44
7 .4 6
6 .9 2
7 .4 9
6 . 63
153
366
-
7 .9 7
7 .8 1
-
49 4
219
918
-
7 .8 0
6 .8 1
7 .7 9
-
74
61
-
37
156
-
7 .7 1
7 .7 7
-
25
264
-
7 .8 5
-
12
7 .0 9
7 . 13
6 .8 7
6 .9 4
6 .8 7
7 . 14
6 .6 4
7 . 41
Number
of
workers
ASSISTANT OPERATORS.........................................
BOILERMAKERS, MAINTENANCE........................
CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE..............................
CHIEF OPERATORS....................................................
CHIEF OPERATORS' HELPERS...........................
COMPOUNDERS...............................................................
ELE C TR IC IA N S, MAINTENANCE........................
GUARDS............................................................................
HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES...................
INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS......................................
JA N IT O R S......................................................................
LABORERS.......................................................................
LOADERS, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS................
M ACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE..............................
MECHANICS, GENERAL...........................................
MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE
(MACHINERY)............................................................
PACKAGE F IL L E R S , MACHINE...........................
P IP E F IT T E R S , MAINTENANCE...........................
POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, F O R K L IF T ....
POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, OTHER THAN
FO R K L IFT....................................................................
PUMPERS..........................................................................
PUMPERS' HELPERS.................................................
ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY...................
STOCK CLERKS............................................................
TREATERS, O IL S ......................................................
TRUCKDRIVERS............................................................
WELDERS, HAND, MAINTENANCE......................
G
ulf
Coast
100-999
workers
173
51
308
39
81
54
121
10
_
_
206
122
322
44
30
135
7 .9 2
7 . 43
7 .4 8
7 . 30
6 .7 9
7 .8 0
1 Excludes premium pay fo r overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
_
8 .0 0
7 .8 7
6 .9 0
6 .7 4
7 .9 1
6 .0 2
_
68
_
315
351
550
160
76
7 .9 2
7 .3 3
7 .6 9
7 .5 5
105
26
194
8 .0 1
221
6 .8 5
7 .7 9
75
42
366
21
66
6 .0 2
7 .1 1
5 .5 5
6 .0 5
7 .0 7
6 .6 8
6 .9 6
-
_
6 .6 8
6 .2 1
6 .4 6
6 .4 2
6 .2 9
6 . 14
6 .9 6
_
91
27
125
15
26
83
_
7 .6 1
7 .5 0
6 .9 3
7 .1 8
6 .9 2
7 .7 9
139
8 .0 1
11
6 .4 4
134
58
175
36
7 .5 1
7 .8 4
7 .9 2
419
37
292
41
36
83
42
-
7 .9 2
7 .8 3
-
_
83
-
212
89
122
_
143
63
163
26
33
104
6 .2 1
_
7 .3 9
7 .0 3
7 .3 2
6 .9 7
7 .5 7
7 .8 2
_
63
27
39
_
_
7 .4 5
6 .9 1
7 .8 5
Table 6. Occupational earnings: United States
(Distributions o f workers in selected occupations in petroleum refineries by straight-time hourly earnings,1 April 1976)
Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of-
Department and occupation
ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS.................................
5.50
and
under
5.60
Number
of
workers
Average
hourly
earnings
6 3 ,2 8 9
$ 7 .3 8
92 1
685
1 ,1 0 8
1 ,5 3 1
1 ,3 7 1
1 ,4 4 7
2 ,3 3 4
7 .7 9
7 .7 3
7 .7 5
6 .6 2
7 .8 3
7 .7 8
7 .8 6
1 ,1 5 5
2 ,7 5 1
1 ,2 5 4
7 .7 1
7 .7 4
7 .6 9
18
7
8 ,6 8 4
6 ,5 7 3
3 ,0 6 8
2 ,7 1 7
865
655
1 ,7 0 5
765
515
209
7 .6 2
8 .1 4
7 .1 2
7 .4 4
6 .0 9
6 .8 1
6 .8 9
7 . 58
7 .2 7
7 .0 8
7 .4 1
36
24
158
44
2 ,5 0 4
7 .3 8
54 2
7 . 22
Under
5.50
5.60
5.70
5.80
5.90
6.00
6.10
6.20
6.30
6.40
6.50
6.60
6.70
6.80
6.90
7.00
7.20
7.40
7.60
7.80
8.00
8.20
8.40
8.60
8.80
5.70
5.80
5.90
6.00
6.10
6.20
6.30
6.40
6.50
6.60
6.70
6.80
6.90
7.00
7.20
7.40
7.60
7.80
8.00
8.20
8.40
8.60
8.80
9.00
9.00
and
over
' 75
13 9
426
680
687 1 5 3 9
936
145 8
1289
1 6 0 8 1 3 3 8 2 0 3 4 2 4 3 0 1 8 3 8 4 0 2 5 4 9 6 0 4 2 4 4 117 5 3 1 1 1 7 2 3 8 9 8
3053
1550
430
153
189 f
_
3
3
-
_
-
_
-
2
_
39
14
_
84
4
-
_
71
-
134
_
-
11
_
3
-
9
-
-
_
15
69
_
4
78
6
_
3
36
3
-
1
3
5
40
2
-
3
-
-
5
3
-
10
"
-
3
-
-
19
-
-
-
_
_
4
-
12
24
146
-
_
3
417
49
5
5
-
_
27
36
215
-
_
9
10 4
44
213
3
620
23 4
40
8 15 1503 1231
87
20
33
1
13
2
16
1
179
167
4
50
54
10
-
4
219
-
_
_
154
-
116 2 < 223
MAINTENANCE
BOILERMAKERS, MAINTENANCE.........................
CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE...............................
ELECTR IC IA N S, MAINTENANCE.........................
HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES....................
INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS.......................................
M ACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE..............................
MECHANICS, GENERAL.............................................
MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE
(MACHINERY).............................................................
P IP E F IT T E R S , MAINTENANCE............................
WELDERS, HAND, MAINTENANCE......................
_
1
4
27
8
12
6
-
2
1
6
4
1
-
2
_
2
1
-
3
7
277
4
-
4
_
8
6
2
2
239
355
10
2
6
7
23
-
_
5
18
-
4
7
3
-
92
40
33
121
118
57
100
-
115
29
4
58
16
4
4
-
8
38
167
19
40
18
3
41
27
5
59
33
31
-
9
18
23
10
12
16
4
_
11
26
40
6
22
66
21
6
6
72
41
45
28
44
39
67
28
81
57
528
105
981
18 9
869
18
17
13
38
46
35
67
64
60
44
440
3 20
179
322
620
622
422
280
690
776
679
498
29
15
75
34
41
829
82
151
427
352
1393 1 0 6 7
465
468
180
48
76
-
6
8
-
_
6
PROCESSING
ASSISTANT OPERATORS..........................................
CHIEF OPERATORS.....................................................
CHIEF OPERATORS' HELPERS............................
COMPOUNDERS...............................................................
LABORERS........................................................................
LOADERS, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS.................
PACKAGE F IL L E R S , MACHINE............................
PUMPERS..........................................................................
PUMPERS' HELPERS..................................................
TREATERS, O IL S .......................................................
TREATERS' HELPERS, O IL S ...............................
202
12
20
81
3
-
6
73
19
-
12
2
319
25
9
-
_
4
516
18
37
16
3
-
435
27
14
26
"
8
95
4
18 0
27
32
28
68
8
76
6
2
40
279
28
8
6
89
83
69
79
14
19
171
23
126
2 83
29
45
9 4 4 279 6 2 0 0 6
637
2 3 2 1244
4 37
156
20
30
5
4
2
14
44
46
24
21
35
174
161
538
83
100
73
27
30
55
52
65
10
666
11
11
2
121
-
"
-
-
52
12
-
2
3
-
62
13
30
13
85
46
74
73
165
127
141
222
248
312
53 2
77
44
45
100
10
16
8
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
10
-
7
9
5
8
21
71
69
128
121
18
58
4
1
-
-
-
-
10
30
3
45
-
8
8
66
8
8
11
1
43
66
93
19
21
28
1
2
-
INSPECTING AND TESTING
ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY...................
RECORDING AND CONTROL
STOCK CLERKS............................................................
MATERIAL MOVEMENT
POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, F O R K L I F T ....
POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, OTHER THAN
FO RKLIFT.....................................................................
TRUCKDRIVERS............................................................
168
6 . 67
6
-
-
-
-
2
-
1
-
-
20
22
17
30
41
22
_
5
_
_
2
_
_
_
_
_
_
77
810
7 .2 1
6 .7 1
27
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
1
10
210
14
15
1
8
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
84
8
-
62
8
6
4
23
2
96
5
105
98
-
7
5
-
13
-
-
-
521
351
6 .6 4
5 .9 6
6
-
6
4
9
2
2
5
_
69
8
86
38
46
74
3
97
11
100
2
72
-
23
15
59
4
3
-
254
1
-
-
3
30
36
CUSTODIAL
GUARDS.............................................................................
JA N IT O R S........................................................................
33
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays and late shifts.
27
11
2
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
Workers were distributed as follows: 34 under $ 5 .2 0 ; 1 at $ 5 .2 0 -$ 5 .3 0 ; and 11 at $ 5 .4 0 -$ 5 .5 0 .
_
_
"
-
T a b le 7. O ccupational earnings: East coast
(D istribution o f workers in selected occupations by straight tim e hourly earnings,1 April 1976)
Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) ofDepartment and occupation
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
8 ,1 4 1
$ 7 .7 3
122
66
ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS.................................
7 .9 4
7 .9 4
7 .9 9
6 .9 5
6.20
Under
6.20
36
and
under
6.30
6.30
6.40
6.50
6.60
6.70
6.80
6.90
7.00
7.10
7.20
7.30
7.40
7.50
7.60
7.70
7.80
7.90
8.00
8.10
8.20
8.30
8.40
8.60
6.40
6.50
6.60
6.70
6.80
6.90
7.00
7.10
7.20
7.30
7.40
7.50
7.60
7.70
7.80
7.90
8.00
8.10
8.20
8.30
8.40
8.60
8.80
162
27 7
131
239
232
236
184
53
74
400
166
438
108
2 36
183 1 2 1 0
75 9
78
41
35
22
56
283
146 1
22
1 93
49
8.80
and
over
28
15
19
545
359
1 05
40
3 58
4
2 15
2 92
-
-
-
4
~
“
MAINTENANCE
ELECTR IC IA N S,
MAINTENANCE.........................
INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS.......................................
MPPD1UTPC n VVPD IT
n TDTVTUOPPDC Ml T UfpT?U1 Upp
uv r n v D c
u m rt
m it u t p u iu p v
1 32
214
148
189
794
264
147
-
-
-
-
5
56
60
17
3
-
1
9
16
10
63
41
63
147
49
70
94
18
72
36
328
8 .0 2
7 .9 6
8 .1 3
7 .9 3
8 .0 3
7
32
776
45
43
22
246
185
271
28
-
4
6
8
46
8
:
19
PROCESSING
% CCTCPlVT AT)pDi mno c
pOTPP nDPDlTHPQ
PDTPP ADPPini/tDCl tJPf DP BC
rn M D n n u n p p c
t ft n n p p d c
Tm n P D Q
rpftinr r i p e HR T D iin r^
O lP V lflP PTTT PPC
M rOT UP
ft
Dn MDP P c
PUMPERS' HELPERS..................................................
rpDPAfpP p e ATT C
fPDPlfPVDCI UpT DPDC ATT C
1 , 10 2
8 .0 1
665
215
28
10 4
46
180
26 1
65
24
18
8 .6 0
7 .3 7
8 .0 7
6 .3 1
7 .2 3
6 .7 8
7 .9 8
7 .3 7
389
8 .0 1
12 3
7 .2 6
91
313
59
3
8
16
4
7
2
58
41
1
16
6
7
48
4
12
1
1
119
1
1
1
3
1
5
20
-
-
-
5
4
5
”
104
15
8
4
32
4
12
4
_
4
8 .1 1
7 .2 2
3
82
12
4
4
4
10
4
45
2
1
11
3
53
22
29
INSPECTING AND TESTING
ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY....................
2
3
-
1
-
9
-
4
17
-
20
102
2
1
9
9
9
42
90
9
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
RECORDING AND CONTROL
c rrtrp
at
p u re
16
MATERIAL MOVEMENT
POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, F O R K L I F T ....
POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, OTHER THAN
PADFT TT?n»
'PDnrpDDTPPPC
44
6 .8 2
18
93
7 .3 1
6 .9 8
1 13
46
6 .1 1
-
-
-
2
-
25
8
24
61
26
-
17
6
4
39
9
5
16
CUSTODIAL
r T 1 T f\ c
T >
T1 MTV ADC
6 .7 1
2
11
25
E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , a n d la te s h i f t s .
A ll w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 8 . 8 0 - $ 9 . 0 0 .
7
-
3
16
3
5
A ll w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 6 . 1 0 - $ 6 . 2 0 .
Tab le 8. O ccupational earnings: W estern Pa.— W est Virginia
(D istribution of workers in selected occupations in petroleum refineries by straight time hourly earnings,1 April 1976)
Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) ofDepartment and occupation
ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS.................................
Number
of
workers
A
verage
hourly
earnings
Under
4.50
4.50
and
under
4.60
4.60
4.70
4.80
4.90
5.00
5.10
5.20
5.30
5.40
5.50
5.60
5.70
5.80
5.90
6.00
6.10
6.20
6.30
6.40
6.60
6.80
7.00
7.20
7.60
4.70
4.80
4.90
5.00
5.10
5.20
5.30
5.40
5.50
5.60
5.70
5.80
5.90
6.00
6.10
6.20
6.30
6.40
6.60
6.80
7.00
7.20
7.60
8.00
-
-
-
146
64
98
134
98
280
260
113
161
28
-
-
-
-
14
-
3
-
22
1
2
-
2
-
5
-
2
2
4
7
-
5
1 ,7 5 0
$ 6 .2 3
17
-
-
-
1
3
17
56
13
g
6 .4 4
5 .9 7
6 .8 8
-
-
-
-
-
-
48
83
74
119
21
-
17
-
-
4
-
2
MAINTENANCE
ELEC TR IC IA N S, MAINTENANCE.........................
H ELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES....................
INSTRUMENT REPAIRERS ....................................................
M l r* tVT MT
M I T U <PPV 1 u r p
M T ? rH lN T P 9
P T P ltF T T T R R S
nK M PPH
H IT NT S N lN fV
WELDERS, HAND, MAINTENANCE..............................
5
34
27
'
1
1
D • DU
6 *44
6«36
6 . 11
_
4
-
14
12
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
:
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
12
4
-
4
37
2
2
-
_
-
-
’
-
~
2 0
44
-
_
PROCESSING
&
N*r n P i ? n » T n o < ;
rH T B P r» P i? B iT n p s
r n m p n n a t»te r
r .a R D R P R
LOADERS, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS.......................
p iriric p
f t t t v r
*;
m rp T
PUMPERS.....................................................................................................
T R F l f K R<;
r>TT<J
9 6
153
21
155
14
51
69
55
6 . 67
6 .9 7
6 .3 9
5 .8 1
15
114
18
6 .4 8
6 .4 3
6 .4 4
14
73
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
8
5 .9 9
_
24
_
_
2
2
_
20
7
24
3
15
11
25
-
8
2
1
_
_
22
INSPECTING AND TESTING
ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY...........................
73
6 .2 9
10
6 .0 9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
12
8
RECORDING AND CONTROL
STO CK
C T . E R K S _____________________T1
Excludes premium pay fo r overtim e and for w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2
2
*
-
-
Table 9. Occupational earnings: Midwest I
(D istribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,1 in petroleum refineries, April 1976)
Number o workersr c i i gs r i h - i eh u l e r i g (nd l a s off
e e v n t a g t t m o r y a n n s i olr)
Department and o c p t o
cuain
ALL
PRODUCTION
W O R K E R S .......... .
61
.0
Number
o
f
workers
Aeae
vrg
hul
ory
erig
anns
61
.0
9,435
$7.55
122
116
70
1 36
327
2 26
778
7.71
7.6 4
7.70
6.75
7.73
7.72
7.9 0
1 07
429
166
7.68
7.69
7.65
1,733
7.76
8.26
7.40
7.92
6. 42
7.37
7.61
62
.0
63
.0
64
.0
65
.0
6.64
67
.0
68
.0
69
.0
70
.0
71
.0
72
.0
73
.0
74
.0
75
.0
76
.0
77
.0
78
.0
79
.0
80
.0
81
.0
82
.0
83
.0
8
.40
85
.0
und r
e
62
.0
63
.0
64
.0
65
.0
66
.0
67
.0
68
.0
69
.0
70
.0
71
.0
72
.0
73
.0
74
.0
75
.0
76
.0
77
.0
78
.0
79
.0
80
.0
81
.0
82
.0
83
.0
84
.0
8 50
.
86
.0
86
.0
and
oe
vr
28
61
343
136
453
490
98
421
72
79
_
_
_
_
_
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
10
2
138
60
1 48
421
250
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
43
187
_
_
_
509
315
311
3 47
3 28
242
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
2
12
3
_
_
_
_
4
513 2 2 7 8
532
382
358
_
1
MAINTENANCE
ROTLERMAKTRS, MAINTENANCE ......_ _
_
C A R P E N T E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E ............ .
E L E C T R I C I A N S , M A I N T E N A N C E ....... .
HEL P E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E T R A D E S .........
M A C H I N I S T S , M A I N T E N A N C E . . _______ ...
M ECHA N T C S , O ENER AT...........____...
201
_
_
12
48
_
8
8
37
4
2
_
3
(M A C H T N E R Y ) ....... .............. ....
P T P E E T T T E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E . . . _________
NELDEBS,
HAND, MAINTENANCE......................
24
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
31
45
49
3
90
14 4
502
17
_
21
1
_
_
_
8
_
108
20
10
6
10
_
9
16
24
41
20
18
3
53
24
24
_
2
_
-
4
40
_
-
_
_
85
34
65
MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE
29
3
-
80
24
285
25
26
13
38
18
58
64
50
24
74
73
688
187
133
16
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
14 2
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
30
_
_
_
"
-
-
-
123
12 3
83
3 95
_
58
33
_
_
_
_
_
PROCESSING
ASSISTANT O P E R A T O R S . . . . ..............................
H E L P E R S ............
471
LABO R E R S . .......................... .
LOADE R S , T A N K CARS OR T R U C K S ..... .
483
1 52
279
CHIEF
OPERATORS*
PUMPERS ..........................................................................
TREATERS, O I L S . . . . . . . . . .............. ..
_
104
32
_
12
_
_
219
_
119
_
22
2
80
_
_
_
33
_
_
11
38
_
6
13
_
121
2
1
1
_
n
37
7.04
_
356
7.41
12
77
7.1 5
_
11
6.99
15
154
7.0 3
7 .15
_
99
48
6.90
5 . 97
_
_
_
_
_
4
_
_
8
2 18
_
_
_
_
41
4
21
3
19
10
4
16
5
-
21
51
4
44
26
25
76
26
g
8
91
32
18
6
u
_
87
_
_
21
13
59
4
13
18
4
7
6
8
9
_
_
3
28
-| 5
t
l
92
180
_
9
1
15
13
95
13
1
11
_
_
9
_
_
_
4
_
27
1
_
_
-
-
-
-
13
_
_
_
_
INSPECTING AND TESTING
ROUTINE TESTERS, LABORATORY.. . . . . . .
_
1
8
_
_
_
_
—
_
12
10
7
9
_
6
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
7
_
_
_
_
_
2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
6
35
19
4
5
-
-
32
87
42
RECORDING AND CONTROL
STOCK CLERKS..............................
MATERIAL MOVEMENT
POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, F O R K L I F T . . . .
POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS, OTHER THAN
FORKLIFT.............. ..
TRUCKDRTVER*'_ - ...................................................
_
1
_
_
4
—
_
7
_
17
12
5
_
_
CUSTODIAL
o n A n n s . _____ ____. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
JANITORS ................................ ............. ..
_
_
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
_
_
Q
2
11
_
4
23
2
_
8
Workers were distributed as follovys: 16 at $ 5 .0 0 -$ 5 .1 0 and 2 at $ 5 .6 0 -$ 5 .7 0 .
_
_
_
_
Table 10. Occupational earnings: Midwest II
(Distribution o f workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings1 in petroleum refineries, April 1976)
Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of-
Number
o
f
wres
okr
Department and o c p t o
cuain
ALL
PRO D U CTIO N
W O R K E R S .............................................
Aeae
vrg
hul
ory
erig
anns
6 ,1 2 2
$ 6 .9 7
B O I L E R M A K E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E ..................................
CARPENTERS,
M A I N T E N A N C E ..........................................
E L E C T R I C I A N S , M A I N T E N A N C E ..................................
26
33
83
152
91
73
98
55
57
.0
58
.0
59
.0
60
.0
61
.0
62
.0
63
.0
64
.0
65
.0
66
.0
67
.0
69
.0
70
.0
71
.0
72
.0
73
.0
74
.0
75
.0
76
.0
77
.0
78
.0
79
.0
80
.0
58
.0
59
.0
60
.0
61
.0
62
.0
63
.0
64
.0
65
.0
66
.0
67
.0
68
.0
69
.0
70
.0
71
.0
72
.0
73
.0
74
.0
75
.0
76
.0
77
.0
78
.0
79
.0
80
.0
81
.0
81
.0
ad
n
oe
vr
98
46
89
100
29 1
437
30 5
271
228
227
362
407
324
264
398
489
256
539
168
342
82
104
69
63
8
5
-
1
1
2
10
6
5
2
10
2
11
7
-
1
8
12
-
-
6
3
21
4
4
4
-
6
1
14
1
10
-
5
15
30
12
4
15
7 .5 3
7 .2 9
HELPERS,
M A I N T E N A N C E T R A D E S ...........................
I N S T R U M E N T R E P A I R E R S .....................................................
M A C H IN ISTS,
M A I N T E N A N C E ....................... ..................
Under
56
.0
56
.0
ad
n
udr
ne
57
.0
10
M A INTENANCE
7 .4 2
6 .4 6
7 . 41
-
-
-
28
-
-
-
17
14
22
7 .4 3
2
8
6
35
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
10
-
-
7
53
98
32
16
-
90
-
20
12
-
-
M E C H A N IC S , M A IN TEN A N CE
( M A C H I N E R Y ) ...................................................................................
P IP E F IT T E R S ,
M A I N T E N A N C E ......................................
132
176
7 .4 6
7 .4 9
2
W ELDERS,
121
7 .4 1
1
8
10
8
-
848
604
7
7
7
7
6
6
. 17
.7 0
.0 1
.4 0
. 15
.6 7
_
_
36
.9
.1
.8
.1
HAND,
M A I N T E N A N C E ..............................
10
6
14
1
3
3
23
6
48
12
24
1 1
16
22
16
33
10
114
17
27
198
-
55
142
90
1
8
13
22
28
11
12
9
31
32
25
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
PR O C ESSIN G
A S S I S T A N T O P E R A T O R S ........................................................
C H I E F O P E R A T O R S .......................................................................
C H IE F O PERA TO RS'
H E L P E R S ......................................
C O M P O U N D E R S ......................................................................................
-
_
-
-
L A B O R E R S .................................................................................................
LOADERS,
T A N K C A R S O R T R U C K S .......................
PACKAGE F I L L E R S ,
M A C H I N E ......................................
392
26
577
199
63
P U M P E R S .....................................................................................................
P U M P E R S ' H E L P E R S ...................................................................
T R E A T E R S , O I L S ...........................................................................
173
51
81
6
7
6
7
308
6 . 94
-
-
-
-
39
6 .8 7
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
IN S P E C T IN G
RO U TIN E
TESTERS,
AN D
STOCK
AN D
_
_
_
104
_
24
-
3
-
-
4
-
32
-
24
-
56
8
-
39
6
-
163
14
1
-
172
18
-
44
6 .6 3
12
7 .0 9
TRnrKr»RTVER<?
54
6 .6 4
17
53
6 .3 7
6 * 13
.
..........
32
-
11
-
17
-
8
6
36
16
27
24
8
2
4
11
18
-
1
-
20
-
21
-
-
-
22
12
_
72
82
-
48
-
-
7
-
-
1
-
1
-
_
_
_
104
-
59
-
30
-
2
-
-
_
_
-
"
-
-
34
15
-
29
14
28
9
19
-
8
2
4
-
16
-
-
-
8
-
16
1
-
-
-
4
“
-
-
-
-
10
2
-
27
24
27
22
44
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
2
8
1
8
20
5
3
2
10
-
-
7
3
3
11
g
5
10
9
5
-
7
7
20
2
8
44
-
9
32
7
9
4
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
_
-
8
g
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
g
-
-
1
-
C U STO D IA L
.
,
2
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
98
_
24
-
13
4
12
-
10
-
-
10
4
-
33
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
_
_
_
MOVEMENT
P O W E R - T R U C K O P E R A T O R S , F O R K L I F T ______
PO W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R S ,
OTHER THAN
F O R K L I F T .............................................................................................
GITA R D S ..... .......
.IAN TTH R 9
29
2
52
50
-
28
66
-
CONTROL
C L E R K S ..................................................................................
M A T E R IA L
_
T E ST IN G
L A B O R A T O R Y ...........................
R E C O R D IN G
2
3
7
4
_
g
g
1
3
24
2
12
1
7
Table 11. Occupational earnings: Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast
(Distribution o f workers in selected occupations by straight-tim e hourly earnings1 in petroleum refineries, April 1976)
Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of-
Number
o
f
workers
Department and o c p t o
cuain
ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS..................................1 2 3 , 3 2 1
2
Aeae
vrg
hul
ory
erig
anns
$7.50
5 70
57
.0
172
58
.0
59
.0
60
.0
61
.0
62
.0
63
.0
64
.0
65
.0
66
.0
67
.0
68
.0
69
.0
70
.0
71
.0
72
.0
73
.0
74
.0
75
.0
76
.0
77
.0
78
.0
79
.0
80
.0
82
.0
udr
ne
58
.0
59
.0
60
.0
61
.0
62
.0
63
.0
64
.0
65
.0
66
.0
67
.0
68
.0
69
.0
70
.0
71
.0
72
.0
73
.0
74
.0
75
.0
76
.0
77
.0
78
.0
79
.0
80
.0
82
.0
84
.0
84
.0
ad
n
oe
vr
98
61
283
360
516
56
2 41
215
410
433
628
9 38
560
4 35
39 4
40 5
668
6 3 0 4 34 16
1 87 5
6 16
1360
37 0
6 8 7 1 16 8
652
MAINTENANCE
TM^TPIT M7KT RPDiT P17DQ
M
1PHTV T
Ml TM
*T1?1I 1 MPV
MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE
(M irBTNVRV)
P I P E F I T T E R S , MAINTENANCE............................
WELDERS, HAND, MAINTENANCE......................
498
333
518
428
625
589
7.80
12
6.67
12
g
187
1 07
7.84
7.79
7.79
3,007
2,643
1,332
7.6 8
8.24
7.16
806
132
219
52 1
473
1 74
79
6.0 5
6.77
6. 81
7.9 2
7.3 5
7.2 8
7 A7
8 72
7.61
204
7.4 9
2 51
6.84
229
126
6.59
5.96
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
144
57
37 3
41
24
99
1z
24
90
7*80
647
1,284
501
313
243
37
II J
oc Q
JDO
36 2
122
78
85
30
15
24 8
871
342
23 5
2 53
65
93
1 30
79
2 8 5 12 5 6
10 4 6
140
58 5
38 4
9
9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
60
69
-
_
_
-
PROCESSING
a
nD v n t T n n B
nDPRi'TnRq
CHIEF OPERATORS* HELPERS............................
pnMDnniinvDQ
LABORERS . ................... ................................................
LOADERS, TANK CARS OR TRUCKS.................
PACKAGE FI LL ER S, MACHINE............................
pryMppRC
P^ HPE ®^«
nTT<;
TDVIWDQ 9 QiSLrfiADf UILD# • • • • • • • • • • •
HffTDVDC DTT C
1 JK
CA
qtimt
59
_
20
g
67
19
36
58
_
204
1
66
150
345
8
14
2
18
26
2
6
11
2
1
2
12
15
97
24
i
18
5
1
~7
*
116
209
52
166
28
4
-j
144
9«r
2D
*
ZZ
oo
9
133
522
10 8
77
12
9
15
3
13
191
121
123
6
2
2
4
10
Q
8
3
15
11
"
2 6 0 1014
12
7
3
31
77
4
11
14
59
24
AA
T2
f
il A
*10
CO
DZ
10
7
12
42
167
246
77
37
25
8
22
23
22 7
58
39
31
12
27
2■3Z3
oo^
INSPECTING AND TESTING
ROUTINE TESTERS,
LABORATORY....................
42
<
1
3
2
21
10
38
14
18
4
RECORDING AND CONTROL
c»Trtrif m ? P 7 C
2
1
17
MATERIAL MOVEMENT
fppnrFnBTVPPC
33
26
156
10
79
jz
28
H
7z
/o
3
5
CDSTODIAL
GOAFP^
___- -
.i v m p Q
7
- ____
1..
35
3 14
1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , ho li d a y s, a n d la te sh ifts.
2 W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o llo w s : 1 6 9 a t $ 8 . 4 0 - $ 8 . 6 0 a n d 1 5 4 a t $ 9 . 6 0 a n d over.
2
50
(
J
40
18
26
ai
1
3
W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o l l o w s : 3 u n d e r $ 5 . 4 0 a n d 11 a t $ 5 . 4 0 t o $ 5 . 5 0 .
3
49
1
29
Table 12. Occupational earnings: Texas Inland— North Louisiana—Arkansas
(Distribution o f workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings1 in petroleum refineries, April 1976)
Number o workers r c i i gs r i h - i eh u l e r i g (nd l a s of~
f
e e v n t a g t t m o r y a n n s i o lr)
Department and o c p t o
cuain
ALL
W O R K E R S .............................................
PR O D U C TIO N
Mumper
o
f
wres
okr
3 ,4 0 0
Aeae
vrg
hul
ory
erig
anns
$ 6 .5 1
48
.0
ad
n
udr
ne
49
.0
51
.0
52
.0
53
.0
54
.0
55
.0
56
.0
57
.0
58
.0
59
.0
60
.0
61
.0
62
.0
63
.0
64
.0
65
.0
66
.0
68
.0
70
.0
72
.0
74
.0
76
.0
78_
.0
80
.0
51
.0
52
.0
53
.0
54
.0
55
.0
56
.0
57
.0
58
.0
59
.0
60
.0
61
.0
62
.0
63
.0
64
.0
65
.0
66
.0
68
.0
70
.0
72
.0
74
.0
76
.0
78
.0
80
.0
82
.0
58
58
31
55
33
68
102
4
14
84
65
27
-
-
3
5
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
3
-
3
93
50
.0
50
.0
3
125
49
.0
3
Under
48
.0
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
24
-
-
27
-
4
-
-
-
71
-
-
-
-
205
90
111
214
71
357
424
253
431
169
64
189
5
M A IN T E N A N C E
CARPENTERS,
M A I N T E N A N C E .........................................
E L E C T R I C I A N S , M A I N T E N A N C E ..................................
HPT DPDQ
MmiiPPHlUPP
(PDinVC
I R E R S .................
31
68
106
7 .0 6
7 .0 4
3
6 .0 2
7 ! 11
M A I N T E N A N C E ..........................................
37
26
M E C H A N IC S , M AINTENANCE
( M A C H I N E R Y ) ...................................................................................
P IPE FIT T E R S,
M A I N T E N A N C E ............
W ELDERS,
H A N D , M A I N T E N A N C E ..........
74
61
66
6 .6 8
6 .9 6
442
399
192
6 .9 1
7 .3 4
6 .2 7
-
32
6 .7 2
5 .5 5
248
IN S T R U M E N T
REPA
M A C H IN IST S,
2
7 .0 7
-
-
-
3
_
-
3
_
6
3
6
3
-
6 .9 6
_
9
Z 7/
_
-
_
-
6
6
2
_
-
2
13
37
7
12
_
-
_
-
-
_
-
_
10
1U
_
-
_
_
3
_
4
-
9
14
16
6
_
2
_
7
-
_
-
-
6
15
4
7
-
-
1
22
6
7
-
3
19
27
31
-
15
-
-
-
-
104
-
194
-
52
21
-
96
84
-
24
-
_
_
PR O C ESSIN G
A S S I S T A N T O P E R A T O R S .........................................................
C H I E F O P E R A T O R S ........................................................................
C H IEF
OPERATORS'
H E L P E R S ......................................
C O M P O U N D E R S ......................................................................................
j
__
LOADERS,
TANK
CARS
OR
T R U C K S .......
P U M P E R S .................................
P U M P E R S ' H E L P E R S ......................
T R E A T E R S , O I L S ...........................................................................
IN SPE C T IN G
R O U TIN E
TESTERS,
AND
c:*r n ryr
AND
M A TERIA L
6 .4 6
6.68
6.21
-
_
12
24
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
12
-
-
8
12
20
4
12
-
3
7 5
2
15
2
6
3
-
-
_
-
48
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
“
“
-
-
12
-
12
~
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
18
12
-
-
3
-
-
-
5
4
53
_
-
5
-
2
1
6 .4 2
3
4
7
5
6
-
-
-
8
oe
iJ
6
11
4
37
-
-
3
-
-
-
15
24
-
-
12
-
35
9
15
5
1
MOVEMENT
42
6.14
1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , ho li d a y s, a n d late s hifts.
2 W o rk ers w e re d istrib u te d as follow s: 4 2 at $ 4 .3 0 -$ 4 .4 0 and 6 at $4.70-$4.80.
24
20
15
6 .2 9
194
54
6 .0 5
75
_
-
20
6
27
-
_
5
-
16
53
CONTROL
rT P p |r< ;
l
PT>nr,rn n yvpn c
|
160
105
26
-
1
3
25
-
_
_
60
-
_
159
-
_
5
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
-
_
-
3
6
-
-
T E ST IN G
L A B O R A T O R Y ...........................
RECO RD IN G
310
-
3
g
1
1
1^
7
-
18
-
-
-
Table 13. Occupational earnings: Rocky Mountain
(D istribution o f production workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings1 in petroleum refineries, April 1976)
Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of-
Department and oc u a i n
cpto
ALL
PR O D U C TIO N
W O R K E R S .............................................
Number
o
f
workers
2 ,8 3 3
Aeae
vrg
hul
ory
erig
anns
$ 7 .4 5
Under
55
.0
■
55
.0
an
d
udr
ne
56
.0
22
43
56
.0
57
.0
58
.0
59
.0
60
.0
61
.0
62
.0
63
.0
64
.0
65
.0
66
.0
67
.0
68
.0
69
.0
70
.0
71
.0
72
.0
73
.0
74
.0
75
.0
76
.0
77
.0
78
.0
80
.0
82
.0
57
.0
58
.0
59
.0
60
.0
61
.0
62
.0
63
.0
64
.0
65
.0
66
.0
67
.0
68
.0
69
.0
70
.0
71
.0
72
.0
73
.0
74
.0
75
.0
76
.0
77
.0
78
.0
80
.0
82
.0
84
.0
45
-
58
23
60
65
57
58
49
34
110
105
92
94
13
3
-
24
1
-
2
3
3
3
7
259
17
350
355
484
32
29
322
115
M AINTENA NCE
HELPERS,
M A I N T E N A N C E T R A D E S ...........................
I N S T R U M E N T R E P A I R E R S .....................................................
M A C H IN ISTS,
M A IN T E N A N C E .. . . . . . . . . . .
M E C H A N IC S,
M EC H A N IC S,
G E N E R A L . . . .................................................
M A IN TEN A N CE
( M A C H I N E R Y ) ..................................................................................
P IP E F IT T E R S ,
M A I N T E N A N C E ......................................
W E L D E R S , H A N D , M A I N T E N A N C E ..............................
24
43
75
6 .7 6
7 .7 9
14
23
166
l ’6 5
.
52
5
12
97
37
7 .7 1
7 .7 7
7 .7 9
2
3
2
-
16
38
9
11
29
83
317
206
s ’ 15
.
7 .2 3
141
83
6 . 06
7 .0 3
7 .6 1
156
6
-
_
_
8
86
58
-
-
76
145
96
3
2
21
1
4
20
1
-
-
3
3
_
_
-
-
14
~
PR O C E SSIN G
A SSIST A N T O P E R A T O R S ..... . . . . . . . . . . .
C H I E F O P E R A T O R S .......................................................................
C H IE F OPERATORS'
H E L P E R S ......................................
AR D R FT? <5. ......... ......... .
.
CARS
TANK
PUMPERS *
HELPERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9 1
IN SPEC TIN G
R O U TIN E
AND
42
—
93
6
41
23
16
3
-
12
4
10
4
28
7
21
9
12
24
44
4
:
;
16
-
12
24
14
9
125
6 .9 3
15
7 .1 8
1
6
16
5 .4 3
4
8
-
34
6
11
2
1
1
16
7
14
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
2
_
6
_
_
_
_
_
1
1 0
l)
2
-
-
1
CONTROL
C L E R K S ............................................. ....................................
M A TER IA L
3
T E ST IN G
L A B O R A T O R Y ...........................
AND
16
7*. 5 0
26
TESTERS,
R EC O R D IN G
STOCK
OR
T R U C K S .......................
LOADERS,
D n If D V D c
9
3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
MOVEMENT
T 'D n p v n D T tfi'D C
3
92
3
3
C U STO D IA L
J A N I T O R S .................................................................................................
6
-
E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o li d a y s, a n d late shifts.
-
3
3
-
1
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
Table 14. Occupational earnings: West Coast
(D istribution of production workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings1 in petroleum refineries, April 1976)
Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of-
Number
o
f
wres
okr
Department and o c p t o
cuain
Aeae
vrg
hul
ory
erig
anns
8 ,2 8 7
$ 7 .3 6
B O I L E R M A K E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E ..................................
C A R P E N T E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E ..........................................
E L E C T R IC IA N S ,
M A I N T E N A N C E ..................................
115
111
130
205
181
6 .5 4
7 .9 7
M E C H A N I C S , G E N E R A L ............................................................
M E C H A N IC S , M A IN TEN A N CE
( M A C H I N E R Y ) ..................................................................................
P IPE FIT T E R S,
M A I N T E N A N C E .....................................
W ELDERS,
H A N D , M A I N T E N A N C E ..............................
36
7 .8 7
62
.0
63
.0
64
.0
65
.0
66
.0
67
.0
68
.0
69
.0
70
.0
71
.0
72
.0
73
.0
74
.0
75
.0
76
.0
77
.0
78
.0
79
.0
80
.0
81
.0
82
.0
83
.0
62
.0
63
.0
64
.0
65
.0
66
.0
67
.0
68
.0
69
.0
70
.0
71
.0
72
.0
73
.0
74
.0
75
.0
76
.0
77
.0
78
.0
79
.0
80
.0
81
.0
82
.0
83
.0
84
.0
ALL
PR O D U C TIO N
W O R K E R S ? .........................................
30
670
87
267
194
411
112
365
188
152
177
84
.0
and
oe
vr
157
135
1960
227
-
-
-
-
-
111
87
-
-
15
25
20
3
54
341
137
-
-
-
3
3
470
274
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
-
39
140
262
27
235
1050
115
126
95
149
3
299
7 .9 2
60
347
61
.0
7 .8 4
7 .8 8
HELPERS,
M A I N T E N A N C E T R A D E S ...........................
I N S T R U M E N T R E P A I R E R S .....................................................
M 1 P IIT I I T C T ' C
MAT
HP I?
Under
60
.0
60
.0
and
und r
e
61
.0
9
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
~
~
~
53
363
M A IN TEN A N CE
143
7. 85
7 .8 3
7 .8 3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
42
41
76
-
-
-
-
17
-
27
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
“
3
102
-
24
-
3
-
-
-
-
-*
"
6
-
“
-
PR O C ESSIN G
A S S I S T A N T O P E R A T O R S ........................................................
C H I E P O P E R A T O R S .......................................................................
C H IE F OPERATORS*
H E L P E R S ......................................
C O M P O U N D E R S ......................................................................................
L A B O R E R S .................................................................................................
LOADERS,
T A N K C A R S O R T R U C K S .......................
PACKAGE F IL L E R S ,
M A C H I N E ......................................
P U M P E R S ....................................................................................................
P U M P E R S ' H E L P E R S ...................................................................
T R E A T E R S , O I L S ...........................................................................
TREATERS' HELPERS,
O I L S ..........................................
IN SPE C T IN G
R O U TIN E
TESTERS,
R EC O R D IN G
STOCK
AND
7
8
7
7
.4
.2
.0
.2
9
0
4
4
141
79
6
7
6
7
. 21
.2 9
.6 2
.4 1
-
-
-
9
-
3
-
-
30
-
47
-
42
-
-
19
-
3
5
9
-
17
35
206
63
47
7 .0 3
7 .7 6
53
7 .4 1
-
-
-
-
-
187
7 .3 9
4
-
-
1
1
1
1
53
6 .9 4
2
-
-
-
-
-
1
36
29
6 .5 6
6 .2 7
16
-
31
10
16
-
14
-
8
7
11
123
-
12
-
-
-
-
-
32
132
-
20
250
32 5 1
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
32
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
-
5
-
-
7
-
1
1
28
-
-
8
16
12
4
-
-
-
-
4
2 10
-
-
-
-
“
~
“
62
1
1
1
-
1
10
3
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
-
-
13
16
10
12
96
-
20
4
-
-
15
4
18
3
-
2
44
7
4
8
-
3
-
-
-
25
-
4
11
12
22
12
12
6
28
-
-
13
1
-
93
75
200
36
-
CONTROL
C L E R K S ..................................................................................
pnc
1i U T T n D Q
18
1
E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , ho li d a y s, and la te sh ifts.
2
Earnings in fo rm a tio n fo r a p p ro x im a te ly
_
32
-
C U STO D IA L
ptti
623
82
-
T E ST IN G
L A B O R A T O R Y ...........................
AN D
1 ,0 4 0
885
216
27
1 0 p e r c e n t o f all p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ( e x c l u d i n g t h o s e c l a s s i f i e d
b
3
in t h e o c c u p a t i o n s s h o w n ) w a s e s t i m a t e d .
3
All w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 8 . 4 0 - $ 8 . 5 0 .
1
Table 15.
Method of wage payment
(Percent of production workers in petroleum refineries by method of wage payment,1 United States and regions, April 1976)
Method of
wage payment
Western
PennsylvaniaWest Virginia
Midwest 1
TexasLouisiana
Gulf Coast
Texas InlandNorth Louisiana
Arkansas
Rocky
Mountain
West Coast
100
100
100
100
100
100
_
-
100
99
84
16
H
93
93
85
8
(2)
-
7
United States
East Coast
All workers........................................................
100
100
100
100
100
100
Time-rated workers.................................................
Formal plans
Single rate
Range of rates
Individual rates..................................................
99
99
88
11
(*)
99
96
87
9
3
100
99
96
4
(2)
100
100
89
11
-
100
100
94
6
-
100
99
85
14
(2)
Incentive workers....................................................
1
(2)
-
-
-
-
-
Midwest II
TexasLouisiana
Gulf Coast
Texas InlandNorth Louisiana
Arkansas
Rocky
Mountain
West Coast
Midwest II
1 For definition of method of wage payment, see appendix A.
2 Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
ro
1
0
Table 16.
Scheduled weekly hours
(Percent of production workers in petroleum refineries by scheduled weekly hours.1 United States and regions. April 1976)1
*
United States
East Coast
Western
PennsylvaniaWest Virginia
All workers........................................................
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
40 hours.................................................................
Over 40 hours........................................................
98
2
100
100
91
9
100
-
100
-
100
-
100
92
8
Weekly hours
~
1 Data relate to the predominant schedule for full-time day-shift workers in each establishment.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Midwest 1
Table 17.
Shift differential practices
(Percent of production workers assigned to rotating shifts' in petroleum refineries by amount of shift differential, United States and regions, April 1976)
United States
East Coast
Shift differential
Day
Eve
ning Night Day
Western
PennsylvaniaWest Virginia
Eve
ning Night Day
Eve
ning Night Day
Workers assigned to rotating shifts...................... 17.7 17.1 17.4 13.0 12.8 12.8 18.6 18.3 17.9 20.2
18.3 17.9
Receiving shift differential .................................. .1 16.5 16.8 1.0 12.8 12.8
18.3 17.9
Uniform cents per hour................................... .1 16.5 16.8 1.0 12.8 12.8
.1
.1
.1 1.0 1.0 1.0
7-1/2 cents
.1
2.9
13 cents
.2
15 cents
15.5
14.7
11.2
20 cents
.2
25 cents
2.9
.1
26 cents
.4
.2
30 cents........................................................ _ 15.1
_
15.1
11.1
40 cents
_
.7
.8
50 cents
.7
1.1
$1 ........
1
Texas-Louisiana
Gulf Coast
Midwest II
Midwest 1
Eve
ning Night Day
Eve
ning Night Day
Texas InlandNorth
LouisianaArkansas
Eve
ning Night Day
Rocky Mountain
Eve
ning Night Day
West Coast
Eve
ning Night Day
Eve
ning Night
17.1 16.8 20.6 20.5 20.5 15.8 15.8 15.8 19.5 19.4 19.4 18.4 18.4 18.3 21.7 21.1 24.0
18.4 18.4
15.8 15.8
18.4 18.3
17.1 16.8
20.0 20.0
17.2 20.2
- 20.0 20.0
18.4 18.4
15.8 15.8
18.4 18.3
17.1 16.8
17.2 20.2
16.0
1.1
-
-
20.0
-
-
-
16.8
-
-
20.0
15.0
-
.6
-
-
2.8
15.5
-
-
18.4
-
-
.6
15.0
-
-
2.8
15.5
-
-
18.3
-
10.0
12.9
4.8
7.2
.2
.2
Workers assigned to rotating shifts worked successively on the day, evening, and night schedules. Workers employed on fixed extra shifts accounted for less than 2 percent of the labor force, and those on
other types, such as oscillating, accounted for
NOTE:
1.4
percent.
Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
NO
CO
Table 18. Paid holidays
(Percent of production workers in petroleum refineries with formal provisions for paid holidays, United States and regions, April 1976)
United States
East Coast
Western
PennsylvaniaWest Virginia
All workers.......................................................
100
100
100
Workers in establishments
providing paid holidays.....................................
7 days ..............................
8 days ...........................
9 days .......................
10 days ..............................................................
10 days plus 1 half day................................
11 days ..............................................................
100
(')
(')
5
89
1
5
100
-
Number of
paid holidays
'
-
60
4
36
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE:
Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Midwest II
TexasLouisiana
Gulf Coast
Texas InlandNorth Louisiana
Arkansas
Rocky
Mountain
West Coast
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
-
-
-
100
-
6
94
~
9
91
-
100
6
9
36
48
_
-
100
_
_
_
100
_
-
100
-
-
Midwest 1
-
_
3
97
_
-
-
_
_
_
100
_
-
Table 19.
Paid vacations
(Percent of production workers in petroleum refineries with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and regions, April 1976)
Midwest II
TexasLouisiana
Gulf Coast
Texas InlandNorth Louisiana
Arkansas
Rocky
Mountain
West Coast
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
-
100
93
7
-
100
100
-
100
100
-
100
100
-
100
100
-
100
100
-
100
60
40
12
88
100
1
99
100
100
100
2
97
1
-r
100
-
19
81
-
7
93
-
90
10
100
-
100
-
100
-
100
-
1
98
1
100
-
100
-
7
93
-
90
10
100
-
100
-
100
-
100
-
1
4
95
-
74
26
7
6
88
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
100
13
87
-
-
100
100
United States
East Coast
Western
PennsylvaniaWest Virginia
All workers........................................................
100
100
100
Method of payment
Workers in establishments
providing paid vacations....................................
Length-of-time payment.....................................
Percentage payment............... *.........................
Other ...................................................................
100
94
1
5
100
64
36
4
96
Vacation policy
Midwest 1
Amount of vacation pay1
After 1 year of service:
1 week................................................................
2 weeks ..............................................................
After 2 years of service:
1 week................................................................
2 weeks ..............................................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks .............................
After 3 years of service:
1 week................................................................
2 weeks ..............................................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.............................
After 5 years of service:
Over 1 and under 2 weeks.............................
2 weeks ..............................................................
3 weeks ..............................................................
After 10 years of service:
2 weeks ..............................................................
3 weeks..............................................................
4 weeks..............................................................
-
100
1
5
94
-
-
100
74
26
7
6
88
10
90
100
6
16
78
100
100
1
1
96
1
100
-
19
81
-
7
93
-
100
-
100
-
6
16
78
-
100
-
92
8
(•••)
1
1
1
96
100
19
81
7
93
100
100
6
16
78
100
-
After 15 years of service:
2 weeks ..............................................................
3 weeks ..............................................................
4 weeks ..............................................................
5 weeks ..............................................................
After 20 years of service:2
2 weeks ..............................................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.............................
3 weeks ..............................................................
4 weeks ..............................................................
5 weeks ..............................................................
'
Vacation payments, such as percent of annual earnings, were converted to an equivalent time basis. Periods of service were chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual
establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes indicated at 10 years may include changes that occurred between 5 and 10 years.
2
Vacation provisions were virtually the same after longer periods of service.
'•
Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE:
Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
7
93
Table 20.
Health, insurance, and retirement plans
(Percent of production workers in petroleum refineries with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,' United States and regions, April 1976)
Type of plan
All workers............................................................
United States
East Coast
Western
PennsylvaniaWest Virginia
Midwest 1
Midwest II
TexasLouisiana
Gulf Coast
Texas InlandNorth Louisiana
Arkansas
Rocky
Mountain
West Coast
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
51
100
38
100
82
100
50
100
55
100
47
100
56
100
59
100
63
61
27
39
-
100
82
56
20
74
29
47
16
100
73
71
42
94
52
99
42
35
100
92
83
100
100
100
96
44
40
100
21
21
100
21
11
100
15
15
100
55
51
100
58
45
51
72
21
78
34
85
69
80
44
34
24
100
(:1
)
28
53
38
100
58
51
34
100
19
30
13
100
66
28
25
100
-
-
-
-
-
6
30
13
100
6
31
75
42
100
-
20
8
8
100
-
99
11
100
-
100
68
100
13
100
11
100
4
94
34
100
52
100
-
21
100
(•’)
26
100
-
32
100
-
11
100
-
30
100
-
13
100
-
24
100
6
18
100
-
39
100
-
99
11
100
-
100
68
100
13
100
11
100
4
94
34
100
52
100
_
21
100
.(:>
)
26
100
32
100
'i
100
30
100
13
100
18
100
-
-
-
-
-
24
100
6
-
39
100
_
99
11
100
100
68
100
13
100
11
100
4
94
34
100
52
100
_
21
97
3
26
100
-
32
81
19
11
93
7
30
100
-
13
100
-
24
100
6
18
100
-
39
90
10
97
9
100
-
81
49
93
7
100
11
100
4
94
34
100
52
90
_
21
3
1
99
26
100
100
100
4
32
100
100
100
18
11
9
100
100
96
2
30
6
6
100
100
70
6
13
-
24
15
6
94
94
75
5
18
_
39
2
2
100
100
100
6
Workers in establishments providing:
Life insurance........................................................
Noncontributory p la n s .....................................
Accidental death and
dismemberment insurance................................
Noncontributory p la n s .....................................
Sickness and accident insurance
or sick leave or bo th -......................................
Sickness and accident insurance................
Noncontributory p la n s .................................
Sick leave (full pay,
no waiting period)........................................
Sick leave (partial pay
or waiting period)..........................................
Longterm disability insurance..........................
Noncontributory plans .
Hospitalization insurance
Covering employees only.................................
Covering employees and their
dependents .......................................................
Noncontributory p la n s .................................
Noncontributory plans for
employees; contributory plans
for dependents ...........................................
Surgical insurance ..........
Covering employees only
Covering employees and their
dependents .......................................................
Noncontributory p la n s .................................
Noncontributory plans for
employees; contributory plans
for dependents...........................................
Medical insurance................................................
Covering employees only.................................
Covering employees and their
dependents .......................................................
Noncontributory p la n s .................................
Noncontributory plans for
employees; contributory plans
for dependents ...........................................
Major medical insurance....................................
Covering employees only.................................
Covering employees and their
dependents .......................................................
Noncontributory p la n s .................................
Noncontributory plans for
employees; contributory plans
for dependents...........................................
Dental insurance..................................................
Noncontributory p la n s .....................................
Retirement plans4 ........................................ .......
Pensions.............................................................
Noncontributory p la n s .................................
Severance pay ..................................................
See footnotes on following page.
9
9
95
3
-
68
32
-
100
100
100
100
-
100
100
97
-
Table 20— Footnotes
' Includes those plans for which the employer pays at least part of the cost and excludes legally required plans such as workers’ compensation and social security; however, plans required by
State temporary disability laws are included if the employer contributes more than is legally required or the employees receive benefits in excess of legal requirements. “Noncontributory plans"
include only those plans financed entirely by the employer.
2 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sickness and accident insurance and sick leave shown separately.
Less than 0.5 percent.
4
Unduplicated total of workers covered by pension plans and severance pay shown separately.
NOTE:
Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
T ab le 21.
O ther s elected benefits
(Percent of production workers in petroleum refineries providing funeral leave pay, jury duty pay, technological severance pay, and thrift or savings plans,' United States and regions, April 1976)
Type of benefit
United States
East Coast
Western
PennsylvaniaWest Virginia
Midwest 1
Midwest II
TexasLouisiana
Gulf Coast
Texas InlandNorth Louisiana
Arkansas
97
97
68
94
100
100
56
79
Rocky
Mountain
West Coast
Workers in establishments
with provisions for:
Funeral leave..............................................................
Jury duty leave...........................................................
Technological severance p a y ...................................
Thrift or savings p la n .............................................
99
99
56
87
100
100
17
96
1 For definition of items, see appendix A.
NOTE:
Because of rounding, sums.of individual items may not equal totals.
100
100
91
-
100
100
70
92
100
100
45
90
100
100
66
100
100
100
39
65
Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey
Scope of survey
Production workers
The survey included establishments engaged primarily in
producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual
fuel oils, lubricant, and other products from crude petro
leum, and its fractional products either through straight
distillation of crude oil, redistillation of unfinished petro
leum derivatives, cracking, or other processes (SIC 2911 as
defined in the 1967 edition of the Standard In d u s tria l Clas
sification M a n u a l , prepared by the U.S. Office of Manage
ment and Budget). Separate auxiliary units such as central
offices were excluded.
Establishments studied were selected from those em
ploying 100 workers or more at the time of reference of the
data used in compiling the universe lists. Table A-l shows
the number of establishments and workers estimated to be
within the scope of the survey, as well as the number actu
ally studied by the Bureau.
The terms “production workers” and “production and
related workers,” used interchangeably in this bulletin, in
clude working supervisors and all non supervisory workers
engaged in nonoffice activities. Administrative, executive,
professional, technical, and clerical personnel, and forceaccount construction employees, who are used as a separate
work force on the firm’s own properties, are excluded.
Occupations selected for study
Occupational classification was based on a uniform set
of job descriptions designed to take account of interestab
lishment and interarea variations in duties within the same
job. (See appendix B for these descriptions.) The criteria
for selection of the occupations were: The number of
workers in the occupation; the usefulness of the data in
collective bargaining; and appropriate representation of the
entire job scale in the industry. Working supervisors, ap
prentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped,
part-time, temporary, and probationary workers were not
reported in the data for selected occupations but were in
cluded in the data for all production workers.
Method of study
Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s
field staff to a representative sample of establishments with
in the scope of the survey. To obtain appropriate accuracy
at a minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of
small establishments was studied. In combining the data,
however, all establishments were given an appropriate
weight. All estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to
all establishments in the industry, excluding only those be
low the minimum size at the time of reference of the uni
verse data.
Wage data
Information on wages relates to straight-time hourly
earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work
on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive payments,
such as those resulting from piecework or production bonus
systems, and cost-of-living bonuses were included as part of
the workers’ regular pay. Nonproduction bonus payments,
such as Christmas or yearend bonuses, were excluded.
Average (m ean ) hou rly rates o r earnings for each occupa
tion or category of workers, such as production workers,
were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings)
by the number of workers receiving the rate, totaling, and
dividing by the number of individuals. The hourly earnings
of salaried workers were obtained by dividing straight-time
salary by normal rather than actual hours.
The median designates position; that is, one-half of the
employees surveyed received more than this rate and onehalf received less. The m iddle range is defined by two rates
of pay such that one-fourth of the employees earned less
Establishment definition
An establishment is defined for this study as a single
physical location where manufacturing operations are per
formed. An establishment is not necessarily identical with a
company, which may consist of one establishment or more.
Employment
Estimates of the number of workers within the scope of
the study are intended as a general guide to the size and
composition of the industry’s labor force, rather than as
precise measures of employment.
27
Table A -1. Estim ated num ber of establishm ents and em ployees within scope of survey
and num ber studied, petroleum refining industry, April 1976
Number of
establishments2
Region1
Workers in establishments
Within scope of study
Within
scope of
study
Actually
studied
Actually
studied
Total1
*
Production
workers
United States ..........................................................................................
168
104
90,904
63,289
72,414
East Coast................................................................................................
Western Pennsylvania-West Virginia ..................................................
Midwest 1..................................................................................................
Midwest I I .................................................................................................
Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast.................................................................
Texas Inland-North Louisiana-Arkansas...........................................
Rocky Mountain.......................................................................................
West C oast...............................................................................................
13
9
26
26
32
20
19
23
10
6
17
16
19
10
12
14
11,949
2,122
13,549
7,721
33,530
4,456
4,246
13,331
8,141
1,750
9,435
6,122
23,321
3,400
2,833
8,287
10,557
1,560
11,018
5,524
26,978
2,984
2,746
11,047
' The regions used in this study include: E ast C oast— Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire
New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, and the following counties in Pennsylvania: Bradford, Columbia, Dauphin,
Montour, Northumberland, Sullivan, York, and all counties east thereof; Western P ennsylvania-W est V irg in ia — West Virginia and those counties in Pennsylvania not
included in the East Coast region; M id w e st /—Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and Tennessee; M idw est //—Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North
Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; T e x a s -L o u is ia n a -G u lf C oast— the following counties in Texas: Aransas, Brazoria, Calhoun, Cameron, Chambers, Fort Bend,
Galveston, Hardin, Harris, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Kenedy, Kleberg, Liberty, Matagorda, Montgomery, Newton, Nueces, Orange, Polk, Refugio, San Jacinto, San
Patricio, Tyler, Victoria, Waller, Wharton, and Willacy; the following parishes in Louisiana: Avoyelles, East Feliciana, Pointe Coupee, Tangipahoa, Vernon, Rapides,
Washington, and West Fecliciana, and all parishes south thereof; the following counties in Mississippi: George, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Pearl River, and Stone;
and the following counties in Alabama: Baldwin and Mobile; Texas In la n d -N o rth Louis ian a -A rk an s a s — A r k a n s a s and New Mexico and those parts of the States of Alabama,
Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas not included in the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast; Rocky M o u n ta in — Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming; and West
C oast— Arizona, California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the survey.
2 Includes only those establishments with 100 workers or more at the time of reference of the universe data.
:* Includes executive, professional, office, and other workers in addition to the production workers category shown separately.
than the lower of these rates and one-fourth earned more
than the higher rate.
pay rates are determined primarily by the qualifications of
the individual worker. A single rate structure is one in
which the same rate is paid to all experienced workers in
the same job classification. (Learners, apprentices, or proba
tionary workers may be paid according to rate schedules
which start below the single rate and permit the workers to
achieve the full job rate over a period of time.) An experi
enced worker occasionally may be paid above or below the
single rate for special reasons, but such payments are excep
tions. Range-of-rate plans are those in which the minimum,
maximum, or both of these rates paid experienced workers
for the same job are specified. Specific rates of individual
workers within the range may be determined by merit,
length of service, or a combination of these. Incentive
workers are classified under piecework or bonus plans.
Piecework is work for which a predetermined rate is paid
for each unit of output. Production bonuses are for produc
tion in excess of a quota or for completion of a task in less
than standard time.
Size of community
Tabulations by size of community pertain to metropoli
tan and nonmetropolitan areas. The term “metropolitan
areas,” as used in this bulletin, refers to the Standard Met
ropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of
Management and Budget through February 1974.
Except in New England, a Standard Metropolitan Statis
tical Area is defined as a county or group of contiguous
counties which contains at least one city of 50,000 inhab
itants or more. Counties contiguous to the one containing
such a city are included in a Standard Metropolitan Statisti
cal Area if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially
metropolitan in character and are socially and economically
integrated with the central city. In New England, where the
city and town are administratively more important than the
county, they are the units used in defining Standard Metro
politan Statistical Areas.
Scheduled weekly hours
Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work
schedule for full-time production workers employed on the
day shift.
Method of wage payment
Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the
number of workers paid under the various time and incen
tive wage systems. Formal rate structures for time-rated
workers provide single rates or a range of rates for individ
ual job categories. In the absence of a formal rate structure,
Shift practices
Data relate to workers employed under the conditions
specified. Workers assigned to rotating shifts work succes
28
informal arrangements have been omitted. Separate tabula
tions are provided for (1) plans which provide full pay and
no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay
or a waiting period.
Long-term disability insurance plans provide payments
to totally disabled employees upon the expiration of sick
leave, sickness and accident insurance, or both, or after a
predetermined period of disability (typically 6 months).
Payments are made until the end of diability, a maximum
age, or eligibility for retirement benefits. Payments may be
full or partial, but are almost always reduced by social secu
rity, workers’ compensation, and private pension benefits
payable to the disabled employee.
Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete
or partial payment of doctors’ fees. Such plans may be
underwritten by a commercial insurance company or a non
profit organization, or they may be a form of self-insur
ance.
Major medical insurance, sometimes referred to as ex
tended medical or catastrophe insurance, includes plans de
signed to cover employees for sickness or injury involving
an expense which exceeds the normal coverage of hospitali
zation, medical, and surgical plans.
Dental insurance refers to formal plans covering normal
dental service such as fillings, extractions, and X-rays. Many
health insurance plans provide benefits for certain kinds of
oral surgery or dental care required as a result of an acci
dent; plans limited to such conditions are excluded.
Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to plans
which provide regular payments for the remainder of the
retiree’s life. Data are presented separately for retirement
severance pay (one payment or several over a specified pe
riod of time) made to employees on retirement. Establish
ments providing both retirement severance payments and
retirement pensions to employees were considered as having
both retirement pensions and retirement severance plans;
however, establishments having optional plans providing
employees a choice of either retirement severance payments
or pensions were considered as having only retirement pen
sion benefits.
sively on day, evening, and night shifts. Workers assigned to
oscillating shifts work alternately two periods of time (e.g.,
midnight to 8 a.m. and 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.), but do not make
the full cycle as under rotating shift arrangements. Workers
assigned to fixed shifts work regularly on either a day, eve
ning, or night schedule.
Supplementary benefits
Supplementary benefits in an establishment were consid
ered applicable to all production workers if they applied to
half or more of such workers in the establishment. Simi
larly, if fewer than half of the workers were covered, the
benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment.
Because of length-of-service and other eligibility require
ments, the proportion of workers receiving the benefits
may be smaller than estimated.
Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day and
half-day holidays provided annually.
Paid holidays.
The summary of vacation plans is limited to
formal arrangements and excludes informal plans whereby
time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em
ployer or supervisor. Payments not on a time basis were
converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual
earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 week’s pay. The
periods of service for which data are presented represent
the most common practices, but they do not necessarily
reflect individual establishment provisions for progression.
For example, changes in proportions indicated at 10 years
of service may include changes which occurred between 5
and 10 years.
Paid vacations.
H e a lth , insurance , and re tire m e n t plans.
Data are presented
for health, insurance, pension, and retirement severance
plans for which the employer pays all or a part of the cost,
excluding programs required by law such as workers’ com
pensation and social security. Among plans included are
those underwritten by a commercial insurance company
and those paid directly by the employer from his current
operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose.
Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance.
Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of
insurance under which predetermined cash payments are
made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis
during illness or accident disability. Information is pre
sented for all such plans to which the employer contributes
at least a part of the cost. However, in New York and New
Jersey, w herejem porary disability insurance laws require
employer contributions,1 plans are included only if the em
ployer (1) contributes more than is legally required, or
(2) provides the employees with benefits which exceed the
requirements of the law.
Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal
plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the
worker’s pay during absence from work because of illness;
Data for paid funeral and
jury-duty leave relate to formal plans which provide at least
partial payment for time lost as a result of attending funer
als of specified family members or serving as a juror.
Paid fu n e ra l and ju ry -d u ty leave.
Technological severance pay. Data relate to formal plans
providing for payments to employees permanently sepa
rated from the company because of a technological change
or plant closing.
T h rift o r savings plans. Thrift or savings plans are limited to
these plans to which the employer makes monetary contri
butions beyond adminsitrative costs.
1 The tem porary disability insurance law s in California and
R hode Island d o n o t require em p loyer co n trib u tion s.
29
Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions
The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its
field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety
of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from
area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job
content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupa
tional content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individ
ual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the
Bureau’s field staff is instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners,
trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers.
Boilermaker, maintenance
Compounder
Assembles and repairs boilers, tanks, and pressure ves
sels. Work involves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Interpreting writ
ten instructions, specifications, and blueprints; planning
and laying out work; using a variety of hand and power
tools and applying knowledge of the working properties of
metals; and positioning, alining, fitting, and joining together
parts (by bolting, welding, or other means) in assembly and
repair work. In general, the boilermaker’s work normally
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired
through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and
experience.
(B len d er)
Blends or compounds various lubricating oils and/or
greases according to specifications. Work involves m o s t o f
th e fo llo w in g : Ascertaining location of various oils to be
compounded and pumping or arranging for pumper to
transfer oils to proper lines; regulating valves to admit speci
fied quantities of various ingredients to mixing tank, fol
lowing prescribed formulas; setting air and heat controls on
kettles and tanks as necessary; maintaining record of com
position, quantities of components used, density, and/or
other pertinent information. May make simple control tests
to determine whether products are meeting specifications.
In addition, may also blend new mixtures of oils and sub
mit them to laboratory for analysis.
Carpenter, maintenance
Electrician, maintenance
Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and
maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment
such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors,
floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an estab
lishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Planning
and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models,
or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instru
ments; making standard shop computations relating to di
mensions of work; selecting materials necessary for the
work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter
requires rounded training and experience usually acquired
through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and
experience.
Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as
the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for
the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy
in an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g :
Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equip
ment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, con
trollers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit
systems, or other transmission equipment; working from
blueprints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locat
ing and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equip
ment; working standard computations relating to load re
quirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a vari
ety of electrician’s handtools and measuring and testing in
struments. In general, the work of the maintenance electri
30
cian requires rounded training and experience usually ac
quired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train
ing and experience.
Laborer
Performs miscellaneous laboring tasks in plants or out
side work areas, that require no formal training or previous
experience. Generally, learning how to do the work is lim
ited to gaining a familiarity with work areas, with accept
able ways of doing specific tasks, and with safety regula
tions. Usually average standards of performance are at
tained after a brief period of service. Specific assignments
among laboring tasks include: Loading and unloading,
stacking, interprocess moving of materials, cleaning work
areas and equipment, digging and shoveling. Tools such as
crowbars, picks, shovels, wheelbarrows, hand trucks, and
other lifting and excavating devices may be employed on
specific assignments.
Guard
Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on
tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where neces
sary. In clu des guards w h o are s ta tio n e d a t g a te an d ch eck
on id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s a n d o th e r p erso n s entering.
Helper, maintenance trades
Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance
trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser
skill such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and
tools; cleaning working area, machine, and equipment; as
sisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing
other semi-skilled or unskilled tasks as directed by journey
man. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform
varies from trade to trade: In some trades, the helper is
confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and
tools, and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per
mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts
of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time
basis.
Loader, tank cars or trucks
(T ank-car loader; tru c k lo a d er)
Loads gasoline, kerosene, and/or various oils into tank
cars or trucks according to specifications. Work involves:
Connecting or assisting in connecting hose to coupling, or
swinging loading spout over dome; opening valves to allow
liquid to flow into tank, or starting or notifying pumper to
start pumps, and filling tank to proper level. May perform a
variety of other tasks relating to shipment of product. May
gage or sample shipping tanks.
Instrument repairer
Machinist, maintenance
Installs, maintains, adjusts, and repairs manual, pneu
matic, electric, and/or electronic measuring, recording, and
regulating instruments in a refinery. Work involves m o s t o f
th e fo llo w in g : Inspecting, testing, and adjusting instruments
periodically, determining cause of trouble in instruments
not functioning properly and making necessary repairs or
adjustments; disconnecting inaccurate or damaged instru
ments and replacing them; examining mechanism and clean
ing parts; replacing worn or broken parts; assembling instru
ments and installing them on testing apparatus; and cali
brating instruments to established standard.
Produces replacement parts and new parts for mechani
cal equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves
m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Interpreting written instructions and
specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a
variety of machinist’s handtools and precision measuring
instruments; setting up and operating standard machine
tools; shaping of parts to close tolerances; making standard
shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling,
feeds, and speeds of machining;*knowledge of the working
properties of the common metals and other materials; se
lecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required
for his work; fitting and assembling parts. In general, the
machinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in
machine shop practice usually acquired through a formal
apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
Janitor
(D a y p o rte r; sw e e p e r)
Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory work
ing areas and washrooms, o r premises of an office, or other
establishment. Duties involve a co m b in a tio n o f th e fo llo w
ing: Sweeping, mopping, and/or scrubbing and polishing
floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting
equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures
or trimming; providing supplies and minor maintenance ser
vices; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. W orkers
Mechanic, general
Performs the work of two or more skilled maintenance
trades rather than specializing in one trade or one type of
maintenance work. The classification includes workers regu
larly performing at least two types of skilled maintenance
work, such as pipefitting, boilermaking, insulating, welding,
machining, machine and equipment repairing, carpentry,
w h o sp ecia lize in w in d o w w ash in g are exclu d ed .
31
and electrical work, among others. In general, the work of a
general mechanic requires rounded training and experience
usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiva
lent training and experience. E x c lu d e w o rk ers w h o o n ly
p rim a rily engaged in installing an d repairing bu ildin g sanita
tion o r h eatin g sy s te m s are ex clu d ed .
Pumper
m ake m in o r repairs o r a d ju stm en ts.
( Transfer p u m p e r; w a te r p u m p e r )
Mechanic, maintenance (machinery)
Is responsible for operating one or more power-driven
pumps to produce forced circulation of petroleum products
and water through units during processing, or to effect the
movement of water, chemical solutions, or petroleum prod
ucts from one tank or processing unit to another or be
tween tanks and processing units to points of loading or
unloading trucks, tank cars, or boats. Work involves m o s t o f
the fo llo w in g : Interpreting specifications to determine
which lines should be used for individual liquids; connect
ing lines from pumps to storage tanks or processing units;
regulating pipeline valves so that liquids are pumped accord
ing to written specifications or oral instructions; checking
measuring instruments or gaging contents of storage tanks;
maintaining operational records or log. May draw samples
from tanks or pipelines for laboratory analysis, or may
make specific gravity, visual color or other tests to deter
mine whether products are meeting specifications. E x c lu d e
Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an estab
lishment. Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Examining
machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of
trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and
performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools
in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective
parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the produc
tion of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of
the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing
written specifications for major repairs or for the produc
tion of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling ma
chines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation.
In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires
rounded training and experience usually acquired through a
formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experi
ence. Excluded from this classification are workers whose
p rim a ry d u tie s involve setting up or adjusting machines.
gagers w h o se p rim a ry d u tie s in volve m easuring q u a n tity a n d
tem p era tu re o f o il in storage tan ks a n d c o n tro llin g f l o w o f
o il in to pipelin es.
Package filler, machine
Tends the operation of an automatic or semiautomatic
machine which fills containers with specified weight or
amount of commodity being packaged. W ork in volves o n e
o r m o re o f th e f o llo w in g : Feeding empty containers to ma
chine; making minor adjustments to weighing or dispensing
devices in order to maintain proper operation; removing
filled containers from machine. W orkers w h o te n d fillin g
Pumper's helper
Opens and closes pipeline valves at direction of pumper
to divert flow of liquids to proper location. May assist in
starting or stopping pumps. May gage contents of tanks,
draw samples of products through bleeder valves on pipe
lines for laboratory analysis, or make specific gravity and
color tests.
m achines th a t also cap o r close fille d con tain ers are in
clu ded.
Pipefitter, maintenance
Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of
pipe and pipe fittings in an establishment. Work involves
m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Laying out work and measuring to
locate position of pipe from drawings or other written spec
ifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths
with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending
pipe by handdriven or power-driven machines; assembling
pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making
standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and
size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine
whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the
work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded train
ing and experience usually acquired through a formal ap
prenticeship or equivalent training and experience. W orkers
Routine tester, laboratory
Performs various standard laboratory tests on different
petroleum products to determine certain chemical and/or
physical properties of the product, and submits results of
the tests to operators of the various departments, by which
they control the distillation and treating of the products.
Work involves: Making various tests, such as viscosity, spe
cific gravity, flash and fire points, color, pour, water and
sediment, melting point, penetration, doctor solution, dis
tillation and corrosion; submitting results to chemist or to
heads of processing units. May interpret results of tests.
C hem ists a n d la b o ra to ry laborers (b o ttle w ash ers , e tc .) are
exclu ded.
32
correct combustion; recording gage and meter readings
and/or other pertinent information on log sheet or other
records; reporting irregularities of still operation to chief
operator. May clean burners and/or remove and replace
plates covering openings that provide access to interior of
still for cleaning.
Chief operator
(F irst o p era to r; p ro cess o p e ra to r)
Is responsible for the operation of one or a battery of
stills (e.g., straight-run, combination units, and hydro, cata
lytic, and other cracking stills) in which crude or other oil is
heated and separated into its various components. Work
involves: Directing and coordinating the activities of the
various crew members on the still; interpreting instructions
and operational requirements; keeping informed of operat
ing conditions; patrolling entire unit periodically to check
on operating conditions; observing instrument indications
and chart records of rates, pressures, temperatures, liquid
levels, etc.; directing the drawing of periodic samples; inter
preting results of tests; making or directing operation and
control changes as necessary to maintain operations within
specified tolerances; maintaining or directing the prepara
tion of daily operational log or other records; preparing
equipment for maintenance work and directing repairs. May
be required to use computer data in certain phases of work.
Stock clerk
Receives, stores, and issues equipment, material, mer
chandise, or tools in a stockroom or storeroom. Work in
volves a co m b in a tio n o f th e f o llo w in g : Checking incoming
orders; storing supplies; applying identifications to articles;
issuing supplies; taking periodic inventory or keeping per
petual inventory; making up necessary reports; requesting
or ordering supplies when needed. S to c k r o o m laborers, to o l
crib a tte n d a n ts, an d e m p lo y e e s w h o su pervise sto c k clerks
an d laborers are exclu ded.
Treater
O perators on one-m an o p e ra tio n s are exclu d ed .
( Treater, fir s t class)
Assistant operator
Is responsible for the treating of gasoline, kerosene,
distilled oils, light oils, naphthas, wax, and other petroleum
products with chemicals, steam, water, or air to
remove sulphur and/or other impurities, Work involves
m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Interpreting instructions and opera
tional requirements; making frequent inspections of units
to check on operations; observing and recording readings of
temperature, pressure, flow gages and meters; making or
directing operation and control changes as necessary to
maintain operations; maintaining daily log or other opera
tional records; preparing equipment for maintenance work
and testing equipment after repairs have been made. May
direct activities of one or more helpers, may operate pumps
to circulate liquids through the units.
(F irst h elper)
Helps chief operator maintain operation of stills (e.g.,
straight-run, combination units, and hydro, catalytic, and
other cracking stills) in which crude or other oil is heated
and separated into its various components. Work involves
m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Patrolling unit or instrument panel
regularly to check on operations; observing instrument indi
cations of pressures, temperatures, liquid levels, etc., and
recording readings on log or other operational records;
maintaining desired liquid levels in equipment and control
ling temperatures; adjusting or regulating manual or auto
matic controls to maintain operations within specified tol
erances; drawing periodic samples and/or running tests such
as specific gravity, viscosity, etc., reporting frequently to
chief operator as to operating condition of unit; lubricating
and cleaning equipment. May check operation and adjust
speed of pumps which circulate products through unit; may
make minor repairs to equipment.
Treater's helper, oils
(T reater, se c o n d class)
Assists treater in treating gasoline, kerosene, oils, wax,
and other petroleum products with chemicals, steam, water,
or air to remove sulphur and/or other impurities. Work in
volves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Patrolling unit regularly to
check on operations and/or equipment; making operating
and control changes as directed; drawing off water and
spent chemicals after treatment and separation, by valve
manipulation; mixing chemical treating solution and adding
treating chemicals to oil; manipulating valves to charge
equipment with oils to be treated and to maintain level of
oil and solutions in equipment; maintaining daily log or
other operational records. May operate or regulate speed of
pumps to circulate liquids through unit, or make chemical,
Chief operator's helper
Tends operation of burners to maintain required temper
ature in furnace of a petroleum products still. Work in
volves m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : Following instructions re
ceived from chief operator or chief operator’s helper of
previous shift specifying temperature to be maintained;
reading temperature, pressure, and flow gages to determine
operation of still, and adjusting valves controlling flow of
fuel to burners; observing color of burner flames or gas
issuing from stack, and regulating supply of air to obtain
33
specific gravity, color, or other tests to determine whether
treating process is being carried on properly.
For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type
of truck, as follows:
F o rk lift
Truckdriver
O th e r than f o r k lif t
Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to trans
port materials, merchandise, equipment, or workers be
tween various types of establishments such as: Manufactur
ing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail
establishments and/or between retail establishments and
customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or
unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechani
cal repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Sales-
Welder, hand, maintenance
Performs the welding duties necessary to maintain plant
machinery and equipment in good repair, by fusing (weld
ing) metal objects together in the fabrication of metal
shapes and in repairing broken or cracked metal objects.
Work involves m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : Planning and laying
out work from written or oral instructions and specifica
tions; knowledge of welding properties of a variety of
metals and alloys; setting up of work and determining oper
ation sequence; welding a variety of items as necessary;
ability to weld with gas and arc apparatus. In general, the
work of the maintenance welder requires rounded training
and experience usually acquired through a formal appren
ticeship or equivalent training and experience.
ro u te a n d over-th e-road drivers are ex clu ded.
Power-truck operator
Operates a manually-controlled gasoline- or electricpowered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials
of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or
other establishment.
34
Industry Wage Studies
The most recent reports providing occupational wage
data for industries included in the Bureau’s program of in
dustry wage surveys since 1960 are listed below. Copies are
for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or
from any of its regional sales offices, and from the regional
offices of the Bureau of Labor Statistics shown on the in
side back cover. Copies that are out of stock are available
for reference purposes at leading public, college, or univer
sity libraries, or at the Bureau’s Washington or regional of
fices.
M an u factu rin g
M a n u fa c tu rin g - Con tin u ed
Basic Iron and Steel, 1972, BLS Bulletin 1839
Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1975. BLS Bul
letin 1939
Cigar Manufacturing , 1973. BLS Bulletin 1796
Cigarette Manufacturing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1944
Fabricated Structural Steel, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1935
Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1763
Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1972. BLS Bulletin
1803
Fluid Milk Industry, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1871
Footwear, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1946
Hosiery, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1863
Industrial Chemicals, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1768
Iron and Steel Foundries, 1967. BLS Bulletin 16261
Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1835
Machinery Manufacturing, 1974-75. BLS Bulletin 1929
Meat Products, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1896
Men’s and Boys’ Separate Trousers, 1974. BLS Bulletin
1906
Men’s and Boys’ Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Night
wear, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1794
Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1843
Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1914
Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1973-74. BLS Bulletin 1912
Nonferrous Foundries, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1952
Paints and Varnishes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1739
Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1719
Petroleum Refining, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1948
Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1975. BLS Bulletin
1923
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1844
Southern Sawmills and Planing Mills, 1969. BLS Bulletin
1694
Structural Clay Products, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1942
Synthetic Fibers, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1740
Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1757
Textiles, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1945
Wages and Demographic Characteristics in Work Clothing
Manufacturing, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1858
West Coast Sawmilling, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1704
Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1970. BLS Bulletin
1728
Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1908
Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1974.
BLS Bulletin 1930
N on m a n u fa ctu rin g
Appliance Repair Shops, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1936
Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1876
Banking, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1862
Bituminous Coal Mining, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1583
Communications, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1909
Contract Cleaning Services, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1916
Contract Construction, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1911
Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, 1972. BLS
Bulletin 1797
Department Stores, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1869
Educational In stitu tio n s: Nonteaching, Employees,
1968-69. BLS Bulletin 1671
Electric and Gas Utilities, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1834
Hospitals, 1975-76. BLS Bulletin 1949
Hotels and Motels, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1883
Laundry and Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 16451
Life Insurance, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1791
Metal Mining, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1820
Motion Picture Theaters, 1966. BLS Bulletin 15421
Nursing Homes and Related Facilities, 1973. BLS Bulletin
1855
Scheduled Airlines, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1951
Wages and Tips in Restaurants and Hotels, 1970. BLS Bul
letin 1712
1 Bulletin out of stock
Brief
History
jl of the
■
American
Labor
Movement
The development of organized
labor in the U.S., from conspiracy
to major institution. A readable,
authoritative, and fact-packed
account for:
students of social
science and
'history
civic groups and
others interested
in the
development of
trade unionism
worker education
and
management
training classes
Order Form
□ $____________ Remittance
enclosed, (M ake checks
payable to Superintendent
of Documents.)
Mail to BLS Regional Office nearest you (see listing elsewhere) or
to Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20402.
Please send______copies of BLS Bulletin 1000, Bicentennial Edition, Brief History
of the American Labor Movement (Stock No. 029-001-01955-6) at $1.45 a copy.
(25 percent discount for orders of 100 copies or more sent to one address.)
□ Charge $ _____________ to
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BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
REGIONAL OFFICES
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Region i
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Region il
Region VI
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Phone: (212) 399-5405
Second Floor
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Phone: (215)596-1154
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Phone: (816)374-2481
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Region IV
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Atlanta, Ga. 30309
Phone: (404) 881-4418
9th Floor
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230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, III. 60604
Phone: (312)353-1880
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Box 36017
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Phone: (415) 556-4678
Regions V and V are serviced by Kansas City
II
III
Regions IXand Xare serviced by San Francisco
U. S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
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Lab-441