The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
Uz. 3: iif l Industry W age Survey Petroleum Refining, Industry W age Survey Petroleum Refining, April 1971 Bulletin 1741 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR J. D. Hodgson, S ecretary B U R E A U O F L A B O R S TA T IST IC S G e o ffre y H. M oore, C o m m is s io n e r 1972 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 50 cents P r e fa c e This bulletin summarizes the results of a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of wages and related benefits in petroleum refineries in April 1971. A similar study was conducted by the Bureau in December 1965. A summary tabulation, providing national and regional information, was issued in February 1972. Copies are available from the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212, or any of its regional offices. This study was conducted in the Bureau’s Office of Wages and Industrial Relations. The analysis was prepared by Edward J. Caramela in the Division of Occupational Wage Structures. Field work for the survey was directed by the Assistant Regional Directors for Operations. Other reports available from the Bureau’s program of industry wage studies, as well as the addresses of the Bureau’s regional offices, are listed at the end of this bulletin. iii C ontents Page Summary............................................................................................................................................................................. Industry characteristics..................................................................................................................................................... Products and processes................................................................................................................................................ L ocation........................................................................................................................................................................ Size of establishment..................................................................................................................................................... Unionization.................................................................................................................................................................. Maintenance craft consolidation plans........................................................................................................................ Method of wage p ay m en t............................................................................................................................................ Average hourly earnings ................................................................................................................................................... Occupational earnings....................................................................................................................................................... Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions........................................................................................ Scheduled weekly hours and shift practices................................................................................................................ Paid holidays ................................................................................................................................................................ Paid vacations................................................................................................................................................................ Health, insurance, and retirement plans...................................................................................................................... Other selected b en e fits................................................................................................................................................ 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 Tables: 1. Average hourly earnings: By selected characteristics ................................................................................... 2. Earnings distribution : All establishm ents....................................................................................................... 6 7 Occupational averages: 3. All establishm ents.............................................................................................................................................. 8 4. By size of com m unity........................................................................................................................................ 9 5. By size of establishment ................................................................................................................................... 10 Occupational earnings: 6. United S tates....................................................................................................................................................... 12 7. East C o a s t........................................................................................................................................................... 13 8. Western Pennsylvania—West Virginia................................................................................................................ 14 9. Midwest I .............................................................................................................................................................. 15 10. Midwest I I ........................................................................................................................................................... 16 11. Texas—Louisiana Gulf C o a st............................................................................................................................. 17 12. Texas Inland—North Louisiana—Arkansas....................................................................................................... 18 13. Rocky M ountain................................................................................................................................................. 19 14. West C oast.............................................................................................................................................................. 20 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: 15. Method of wage payment...................................................................................................................................... 21 16. Scheduled weekly hours ...................................................................................................................................... 21 17. Shift differential practices ..................................................................................................................................22 18. Paid holidays....................................................................................................................................................... 22 19. Paid v acatio ns..................................................................................................................................................... 23 v C o n te n ts — C o n tin u e d Page Tables— Continued Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions— Continued: 20. Health, insurance, and retirement plans............................................................................................................ 24 21. Other selected benefits ...................................................................................................................................... 25 Appendixes: A. Scope and method of su rv e y ..................................................................................................................................26 B. Occupational descriptions ...................................................................................................................................... 3 0 VI P e t r o l e u m R e fin in g 20 percent during the 5-year period between the two studies.5 In contrast with the employment decline, man hours of production workers remained relatively un changed because average weekly overtime hours increased from 2.1 in 1965 to 3.1 for 1970.6 Computer control, improved instrumentation, and new and better proces sing techniques (particularly among the larger producing refineries), are among the factors contributing to the industry’s increased productivity. Summary Straight-time earnings of production and related workers in petroleum refineries averaged $4.59 an hour in April 1971.1 Workers in the Texas-Louisiana Gulf Coast region, the major one in terms of employment, averaged $4.63 an hour. Average hourly earnings in other sections of the country ranged from $4.77 in the East Coast region to $3.74 in Western Pennsylvania—West Virginia. 2 All but 3 percent of the 69,831 workers (virtually all men) covered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics survey had earnings ranging from $3.50 to $5.50 an hour; the middle half of the workers earned from $4.27 to $4.93. Among the jobs selected to represent the various skill levels of plant workers, average hourly earnings ranged from less than $4 for janitors ($3.66), laborers ($3.69), and watchmen($3.83) to $5.17 for stillmen— the latter responsible for one or a battery of stills in which oil is heated and separated into its various components. Assistant stillmen, the largest occupational group, aver aged $4.79 an hour. Earnings for the nine skilled main tenance jobs studied separately averaged from $4.83 to $4.96.3 All plant workers were in establishments providing paid holidays, paid vacations, and at least part of the coast of retirement pension plans and various health insurance benefits. Refineries usually provided 9 paid holidays annually and from 2 to 5 weeks of vacation pay after qualifying periods of service. Products and processes. Gasoline (including naphtha) was the major product of refineries employing slightly more than nine-tenths of the workers within scope of the survey. Other important products include distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, asphalt, kerosene, and petrochemical feedstocks 7 (excluding ethane and liquefied gases). At the time of the survey, one-third of the refineries visited were operating equipment for processing petrochemicals (chemical products derived from hydrocarbon sources such as petroleum or natural gas). In two regions only, (each accounting for less than 5 percent of the industry’s work force) were significant proportions of workers employed in refineries primarily manufacturing products other than gasoline. These were Western PennsylvaniaWest Virginia, where about three-fifths of the workers were in establishments primarily producing distillate fuel oil or lube oil; and the Texas Inland—North Louisiana— Arkansas region, where one-fourth were in refineries primarily producing asphalt. Petroleum refining is a relatively large-scale manufac turing operation in which fluids and gas, almost ex clusively, are processed. From the receipt of crude oil to Industry characteristics 1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey. Wage data exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekend|, holidays, and late shifts. For definitions of regions used in this survey, see footnote 1, appendix table A-l. 3 See appendix B for job descriptions. 4 See In d u stry Wage S u rvey: P etroleu m R efin in g, D ecem ber 1 9 6 5 (BLS Bulletin 1526, 1966). The 185 petroleum refineries within scope of the survey employed 69,831 production and related workers in April 1971— down 5 percent from the 73,318 workers recorded in a similar study in December 1965.4 Although the total number of refineries covered by the two studies was virtually unchanged, a median employment decline of 13 percent was noted for three-fifths of the 73 refineries common to both survey samples, com pared with a 10 percent (median) increase in the re maining matched sample establishments. The industry’s output and productivity (output per production worker man-hour) both increased by about 5 In d ex es o f O u tp u t Per Man-Hour, S e le c te d Industries, 1 9 3 9 a n d 1 9 4 7 -7 0 (BLS Bulletin 1692, 1971). Data for 1970 are preliminary. 6 E m p lo y m e n t a n d Earnings, U n ited States, 1 9 0 9 -7 0 (BLS Bulletin 1312-7), and E m p lo y m e n t an d Earnings, Vol. 17, N o. 9, March 197 1 . 7 Used as inputs in petrochemical operations for the manu facture of chemical and petrochemical products. 1 the shipment of the finished products, the flow of pro duction is virtually continuous in closely interrelated refining units. These factors have influenced the high degree of diversification of product and automatic proc ess control in the industry. all maintenance crafts (reported by 10 refineries) to those limited to specific crafts. In some instances, workers were brought under the plan through the helper (or other noncraft) classifi cations, and were placed in training until they qualified for the craftsman level. Other plans accepted only workers already having journeyman skill in at least one craft, then provided training in additional crafts. Most of the maintenance craft consolidation plans reported had formally established single-rate structures for workers covered by the plans; these rates usually were slightly higher than those applying to workers in the single crafts. Location. The Texas—Louisiana Gulf Coast region, largest in terms of employment, accounted for 35 percent of the work force. The Midwest I, East Coast, and West Coast regions each had about 15 percent of the production workers. None of the other four regions had as many as 10 percent. Refineries in metropolitan areas 8 employed slightly more than four-fifths of the industry’s work force. The proportions of workers in such areas were nine-tenths or more in the regions of the East Coast, Midwest I, Texas— Louisiana Gulf Coast, and West Coast, nearly two-thirds in the Rocky Mountain States, and less than one-third in each of the remaining three regions. Method o f wage payment. Virtually all workers covered by the study were paid time rates. Typically, this took place under a formal system providing single rates for specific occupations. (See table 15.) In a number of refineries, the same single rate applied to several occupa tions, e.g., one rate for most journeyman maintenance jobs. However, formal plans providing for ranges of rates, most commonly found in the Texas—Louisiana Gulf Coast region, covered one-fifth of the workers. Size o f establishment. Refineries with 1,000 workers or more employed one-half of the industry’s workers. The proportions of workers in the smaller refineries (100-999 employees) amounted to one-fourth in the Texas— Louisiana Gulf Coast region, about one-third on the East Coast, one-half on the West Coast, two-thirds in the Midwest I region, and nearly nine-tenths or more in each of the other sections of the country. Average hourly earnings Earnings of the 69,831 production and related workers in petroleum refineries covered by the study averaged $4.59 an hour in April 1971.10 Wage levels were highest in the East Coast region ($4.77 an hour) and lowest in Western Pennsylvania—West Virginia ($3.74). In all other sections of the country, average hourly earnings ranged from $4.21 to $4.70 an hour. In the Texas—Louisiana Gulf Coast region, where 35 percent of the workers were employed, the average was $4.63. (See table 1.) Unionization. Establishments operating under the terms of collective bargaining agreements employed more than nine-tenths of the industry’s workers. Regionally, there was relatively little variation in the proportions of workers in such establishments. Refineries with collective bargaining agreements accounted for slightly higher proportions of the workers in metropolitan areas than in the smaller communities (94 and 87 percent, respec tively), and in establishments with 1,000 workers or more (97 percent) than in smaller refineries (88 percent). The Oil, Chemical, and Atomic Workers International Union (AFL-CIO) was the major union in the industry in all regions except the East Coast, where refineries employing a majority of the workers had contracts with independent unions. g Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through January 1968. 9 BLS Bulletin 1526, op. cit. 10 The straight-time average hourly earnings in this bulletin differ in concept from the gross average hourly earnings in the Bureau’s monthly hours and earnings series ($4.82 in April 1971). Unlike the latter, the estimates presented in this bulletin exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Average (mean) earnings were calculated by summing individual hourly earnings and dividing by the num ber of individual workers. In the monthly series, by contrast, the sum of the man-hour totals reported by establishments in the industry was divided into the reported payroll totals. The estimated number of production workers within scope of the study is intended only as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. It differs from those published in the monthly series (88,500 in April 1971) by excluding establishments employing less than 100 workers. The advance planning necessary to make the survey required use of lists of establishments assembled considerably in advance of data collection. Thus, omitted are: (1) Establish ments new to the industry, (2) establishments originally classified in the petroleum refining industry but found to be in other in dustries at the time of the survey, and (3) refineries classified in correctly in other industries at the time the lists were compiled. Maintenance craft consolidation plans. Information was obtained on the incidence and major features of main tenance craft consolidation plans. (These combine two or more crafts into a single job classification, eliminating the rigid lines of craft duties.) Such plans were reported in 29 of the 109 refineries actually visited, about double the number found in the 1965 study. 9 Details of the various plans reported ranged from provisions embracing 2 The level of earnings for production workers in April 1971 ($4.59 an hour) was 33 percent above the average recorded in December 1965 ($3.45), 11 and resulted largely from general wage adjustments granted under collective bargaining agreements. During this period, wage levels increased at average annual rates of 5.3 to 5.8 percent in 6 of the 8 regions. In Western Pennsylvania—West Virginia, by contrast, the annual rate of increase averaged 7.0 percent and in the Texas InlandNorth Louisiana—Arkansas region, 4.9 percent. Nationwide, workers in metropolitan areas averaged $4.66 an hour, compared with $4.28 in the smaller communities, in April 1971. In the Midwest II region, the only one where the comparison was possible, cor responding averages were $4.50 and $4.32. The nationwide average for workers in refineries employing 1,000 workers or more was $4.66 an hour, 14 cents more than in smaller establishments ($4.52). This relationship, however, was reversed in 3 of the 4 regions permitting comparisons (East Coast, Midwest I, and West Coast)— where workers in the smaller refineries averaged 5, 7, and 9 cents per hour, respectively, more than those in the larger plants. The survey did not isolate and measure the exact influence of any one characteristic as a determinant of wage levels or earnings relationships. The interrelation ship of such factors as size of community, size of estab lishment, and unionization was noted in the discussion of industry characteristics. Earnings of all but 3 percent of the workers were within a range of $3.50 to $5.50 an hour. (See table 2.) Employees in the middle half of the array earned from $4.27 to $4.93 an hour. The relative dispersion of earnings (computed by dividing the middle range of earnings by the median) was 14 percent; thus, the wage rates of one-half of the workers were within 7 percent of the median rate in April 1971. This is one of the lowest dispersion factors found among the industries studied by the Bureau over the past decade. The com pactness of wages in the industry is discussed further in the occupational earnings section which follows. than stillmen’s helpers. In the nine journeyman main tenance jobs studied, wage levels were closely grouped, ranging from $4.83 for maintenance mechanics and pipefitters to $4.96 for general mechanics (those skilled in more than one maintenance trade).12 Occupational averages usually were highest in the East Coast region and lowest in Western Pennsylvania—West Virginia, in the latter they commonly fell 12 to 20 per cent below their nationwide levels. (These regional pay relationships are illustrated in text table 1.) Pay relationships among jobs also varied somewhat within regions. For example, average earnings for pump men exceeded those for compounders by 1 to 3 percent in the East Coast, Midwest I, Rocky Mountain, and West Coast regions, whereas in the remaining four regions, compounders averaged more than pumpmen. Also, averages for pipefitters, a numerically important main tenance job, exceeded those for janitors by 24 to 42 per cent among the regions. Data on occupational earnings were also tabulated by size of community and size of establishment. (See tables 4-5.) Nationwide, averages were higher in metro politan areas than in nonmetropolitan areas and, in nearly all cases, higher in refineries employing 1,000 workers or more than in smaller refineries. Individual earnings of workers in the selected occup ations were generally concentrated within comparatively narrow limits (particularly in the higher skilled jobs), even on a nationwide basis. (See table 6.) For example, nearly 60 percent of the stillmen (chief operators) earned between $5.10 and $5.40 an hour and about 80 to 90 percent of the boilermakers, carpenters, machin ists, and pipefitters had earnings within a 20-cent range ($4.80 to $5 an hour). In 6 of the 8 regions, the concen trations were even more apparent. Earnings of a majority of the workers in two-thirds of the jobs for which data are shown were clustered within ranges of 20 cents an hour or less. (See tables 7-14.) Such narrow wage bands resulted largely from the widespread use of single-rate wage systems, mentioned previously, and a high degree of unionization that involves much company-wide bar gaining in multi-plant companies. Occupational earnings Occupations selected to represent various wage levels for production and related workers in the industry covered a wide range of skills and accounted for seventenths of the work force in April 1971. (See table 3.) Among these jobs, average hourly earnings ranged from less than $4 an hour for janitors ($3.66), laborers ($3.69), and watchmen ($3.83) to $5.17 for stillmen (chief oper ators of the various types of processing equipment). Assistant stillmen, the largest group, averaged $4.79 an hour— 38 cents less than stillmen, but 39 cents more Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Data were also obtained on certain establishment practices and supplementary wage benefits for production workers, including work schedules, shift differentials, 11 BLS Bulletin 1526, op. cit. 12 r The 2,015 general mechanics classified in the survey usually were employed in refineries having maintenance craft consolidation plans. 3 T e x t table 1. Regional wage levels fo r 14 selected occupations expressed as percents o f nationwide averages (U .S . a v e ra g es = 100 ) Texas Texas— W estern L o u is i P enn syl O c c u p a tio n East v a n ia - Coast W est M id w e s t M id w e s t I II V irg in ia ana G u lf Coast In la n d N o rth Lo u is i R ocky Moun W est tain Coast 101 ana— Arkansas M a in te n a n c e : B o ile rm a k e rs ........................................................................ 102 99 96 100 95 96 E le c tric ia n s .......................................................................... 104 83 98 97 102 94 96 102 H elp ers, t r a d e s ............................................ ..................... 102 88 104 99 100 91 99 100 100 - In s tru m e n t r e p a ir m e n .................................................... 106 80 99 96 100 92 96 M a in te n a n c e m e c h a n ic s ............................................... 103 82 101 96 102 93 100 P ip e fitt e r s ............................................................................. 103 82 100 97 101 - - 98 102 101 Processing: L a b o r e r s ................................................................................ 101 91 103 101 100 91 99 P u m p m e n ............................................................................. 105 82 105 94 101 88 100 97 S till m e n ................................................................................ 105 101 94 101 93 98 102 A ssistant still m e n ............................................................. 104 S till m en's h e lp e r s ............................................................. 106 - 83 - 103 95 100 94 99 99 102 96 100 94 106 97 O th e r: R o u tin e testers, la b o r a t o r y ......................................... 105 82 99 93 106 89 93 100 T r u c k d r iv e r s ........................................................................ 102 85 104 99 97 94 101 103 J a n ito rs .................................................................................. 105 87 102 96 99 - 91 104 NOTE: Dashes in d ic a te da ta n o t re p o rte d , o r data th a t do n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n c rite ria . paid holidays, paid vacations, and specified health, insurance, and retirement plans. were for 11 days, applying to one-fourth of the East Coast workers, and for 10# days, applying to two-fifths on the West Coast. (See table 18.) ^ Scheduled weekly hours and shift practices. Virtually all production workers were in refineries scheduling most of their day-shift workers 40 hours a week. The only notable exception was in the Midwest I region where a weekly work schedule of 42 hours applied to 6 percent of the workers. (See table 16.) Nearly one-half of the industry’s production workers were assigned to rotating shifts, typically under arrange ments whereby individuals worked day, evening, and night schedules during successive weeks. With few ex ceptions, workers on evening schedules received 15 cents an hour above day rates and those on night schedules received 30 cents. Provisions varied somewhat in Western Pennsylvania—West Virginia. (See table 17.) Workers on fixed extra shifts accounted for less than 3 percent of the work force. Paid vacations. Paid vacations (after qualifying periods of service) were provided to all production workers. In all but one region, vacation provisions typically amounted to 2 weeks pay after 1 year of service, 3 weeks’ after 5 years, 4 weeks’ after 10 years, and 5 weeks’ pay after 20 years of service or more. Provisions were somewhat less liberal in Western Pennsylvania—West Virginia. (See table 19.) Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Virtually all production workers covered by the survey were provided life, hospitalization, surgical, medical, and major medical insurance, for which employers paid at least part of the cost. (See table 20.) These health benefits, with the exception of life insurance, almost always covered both the employee and his dependents. In addition, all refineries provided their production workers with either sickness and accident insurance, or paid sick leave plans, or both. Nearly three-fifths of the workers were covered also by accidental death and dismemberment insurance, but the incidence among regions varied from about onehalf to slightly more than nine-tenths of the workers. Paid holidays. All production workers were provided paid holidays, typically 9 days annually except in Western Pennsylvania-West Virginia. In that region, the proportions of workers receiving 8 or 9 days were nearly the same— slightly less than one-half in each case. The most liberal provisions found in the industry 4 eligible employees permanently separated from employ ment because of plant closings or force reductions, was available to nearly two-thirds of the work force, nation ally, and to about one-half or more of the workers in all regions except the West Coast. (See table 21.) Retirement pension plans (other than social security), providing regular payments for the remainder of the retiree’s life, were provided by all establishments in the survey. In addition to pension plans, one-eighth of the workers were also covered by provisions for lump-sum payments (severance pay) on retirement. Plants employing nearly seven-eighths of the workers provided thrift or savings plans to which the employer made contributions beyond administrative costs. In most instances, three-fourths or more of the eligible workers subscribed to such plans. Other selected benefits. Virtually all production workers were in refineries having formal provisions for jury duty pay and pay during absences to attend funerals of specified relatives. Technological severance pay, to 5 T a b le 1. A v e ra g e hourly earn in g s: B y s e le c te d c h a ra c te ris tic s ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 of p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s in p e t r o l e u m r e f i n e r i e s by s e le c te d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , r e g i o n s , A p r i l 1971) United S tates Item E ast Coast Num ber of w orkers Num ber of w orkers Average hourly earnings A l l w o r k e r s 2 ---------------------------- 69 , 831 $4 .5 9 10, 60 2 $ 4 . 77 S iz e of c o m m u n i t y : M e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s 3 -------------------N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ---------------- 57, 90 8 11,923 $4 .6 6 4 .2 8 9, 7 4 4 $ 4 . 77 S iz e of e s t a b l i s h m e n t : 1 0 0 - 9 9 9 w o r k e r s --------------------------1, 0 0 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e --------------- 35,016 34,815 4 . 52 4 . 66 3, 839 6, 7 6 3 A verage h ourly earnings - - 4 . 80 4 . 75 Texas— L ouisiana G ulf C o ast A l l w o r k e r s 2 ------------------------------ 2 4 , 187 $ 4 . 63 S ize of co m m u n ity : M e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s 3 ---------------------N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ------------------ 2 4 , 187 $ 4 . 63 S ize of e s ta b lis h m e n t: 1 0 0 - 9 9 9 w o r k e r s ---------------------------1, 0 0 0 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ----------------- 5, 842 18, 345 4 . 55 4 .6 6 W estern P en nsylvaniaW est V irginia N um ber A verage of h ourly w orkers earnings 2, 131 - M idw est I N um ber of w orkers 6, 4 2 8 $ 4 . 37 - 10, 364 $ 4 . 72 1, 802 4, 6 26 $ 4 . 50 4 . 32 5, 5 53 4 . 35 2, 131 3. 74 7, 7 42 3, 826 " Texas In landN o rth L o u isian a— A rkansas 4 . 72 4 . 65 R ocky M ountain W est C oast $ 4 . 55 9, 815 $4 .6 5 - 1, 132 $4 .5 6 9, 815 - $ 4 . 65 4 , 809 5, 00 6 4 .7 0 4 . 61 $ 4 . 25 - 3, 3 3 0 4 .21 1, 7 7 0 D a s h e s i n d i c a t e no d a t a r e p o r t e d o r d a t a t h a t do n o t m e e t p u b l i c a t i o n c r i t e r i a . - 1, 7 7 0 - - 4 . 55 “ 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y fo r o v e r ti m e an d for w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , an d la te s h ifts . 2 V irtu a lly all p ro d u c tio n w o r k e rs w e re m en. 3 S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s a s d e f i n e d b y t h e U . S . O f f i c e o f M a n a g e m e n t a n d B u d g e t t h r o u g h J a n u a r y 19 6 8 . NOTE: - $4.21 2, 874 - A verage hourly earnings $4.7 0 - - N um ber of wo r k e r s 1 1 ,568 $ 3 . 68 3, 3 3 0 M i d w e s t II A verage hourly earnings $ 3 . 74 1, 7 2 3 " U nited S ta tes and - T a b le 2 . E a rn in g s d istribution: A ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in p e t r o l e u m r e f i n e r i e s b y s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , 1 U n ite d S t a t e s a n d r e g i o n s , United S tates 1 H o u rly e a rn in g s 1 U n d e r $ 3. 0 0 ------------------------------------------------------- East Coast W estern P en n sy lv an ia— W est V irginia M idw est I M i d w e s t II Texas— Louisiana G ulf C o ast A p r i l 19 71 ) Texas In lan d N orth L o u isan a— A rkansas Rocky M ountain 0. 3 - 0. 8 0. 2 0. 2 0. 3 1.6 0. 3 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3. 3 0 $ 3 .4 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $3. 4 0 $ 3 .5 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . . . . . 1 2 2 6 6 _ .2 _ ( 2) . 1 . 1 . 2 _ .2 ( 2) .4 ( 2) . 3 . 1 1.0 .2 . 1 1.9 .7 1.2 2. 3 . 1 0. 1 ( 2) . 1 . 1 1. 1 2. 9 6. 7 1 1.6 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3. 80 $ 3.9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 .6 $ 3 .7 $ 3. 8 $3. 9 $ 4 .0 0 0 0 0 0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. 8 2. 3 2. 5 2. 6 2.5 . 1 1.7 3. 1 . 3 2. 5 15. 7 15. 5 6 .9 10. 7 8. 2 . 3 1. 1 •9 4. 8 1. 1 1.5 2. 0 4. 8 6 .6 4. 6 2.9 2. 0 2. 1 1.2 1 .0 1.7 5. 3 4 .4 5. 2 4 .9 $4 .0 0 $ 4 . 10 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 and and and and and under unde r under under under $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4.30 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 . 50 ----------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------— -------- — 4. 3. 5. 4. 6. 0 5 8 0 3 3.2 4. 0 4. 1 4. 1 4 .4 4. 7. 3. . . 2.5 2 .7 5 .5 4. 0 4. 8 5 .2 6. 1 10 . 1 7 .2 8. 6 4 .2 2 .2 5.5 2 .7 8 .4 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 . 60 $ 4 . 70 $ 4 . 80 $ 4 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 4 .6 0 $4. 7 0 $ 4 . 80 $ 4 .9 0 $ 5 .0 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. 5 5 .4 3. 6 19. 5 1 3.4 5 .6 5. 0 4. 8 4 .4 18 . 8 3. 0 4. 2 . 9 33. 0 8 .4 9. 6 6. 9 8. 6 6.9 6. 5 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .1 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .3 0 $ 5 .4 0 and and and and and under under unde r under under $ 5 .1 $ 5 .2 $ 5 .3 $ 5 .4 $5. 5 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. 4. 3. 2. . 7 .7 11.4 3. 2 5.2 3. 6 6.4 7 .0 4. 0 3. 3 .5 1.6 1 .4 .4 .2 0 0 0 0 0 _ 7 8 0 3 7 6 7 8 1 7 _ . 1 .4 1.7 . 1 . 2 _ _ ( 2) - . 2 .4 . 2 - _ _ _ - 3 9 6 2 2 ( 2) 1. 6 1. 2 . 6 4. 9 7. 5 8. 0 1 5. 3 5. 2 2.6 7. 2 1. 6 4. 0 1 .4 7. 2 3. 3 3. 3 3. 2 5. 8 5.7 4 .6 2. 1 1 .9 31.3 15.4 11.5 2.4 5.6 4 .9 5. 1 13 . 8 11.4 5. 8 22. 8 3 .4 6. 0 15. 1 5. 7 7 .4 2 0. 6 1. 1 3 .5 4. 1 .9 . 1 . 1 1.5 .9 4. 7 3 .4 . 5 1. 8 6. 1 2. 8 2 .4 4. 3 ( 2) ( 2) 2. . 3. 3. . W est Coast ----------------------------------------------- . 9 2. 8 .2 . 8 .2 .9 _ _ . 2 T o t a l ---------------------------------------------------------- 100. 0 10 0 . 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 00 . 0 10 0. 0 ----------------------------------------- 69, 831 10, 602 2, 131 11, 5 6 8 6, 4 2 8 24, 187 3, 330 1,7 7 0 9, 815 A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 ------------------------------ $ 4 . 59 $ 4 . 77 $ 3 . 74 $ 4 . 70 $ 4 . 37 $ 4 . 63 $4 .2 1 $ 4 . 55 $ 4. 65 $ 5 .5 0 and over N u m b er of w o rk e rs 1 E x clu d es p re m iu m pay for 2 L e s s t h a n 0 . 05 p e r c e n t . o v ertim e NOTE: sum s B ecause o f r o u n d in g , and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , o f in d iv id u a l ite m s holidays, m ay not equal 100. and late shifts. T a b le 3. O c c u p a tio n a l a v e rag e s: A ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in p e t r o l e u m D e p a rtm e n t a n d o c c u p a tio n M a in te n a n c e : B o i l e r m a k e r s --------------C a r p e n t e r s ------------------E l e c t r i c i a n s ---------------H e l p e r s , t r a d e s ----------In s tru m e n t re p a irm e n M a c h i n i s t s ------------------M e c h a n ic s , g e n e r a l — M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e ------------P i p e f i t t e r s ---------------------------------W e l d e r s , h a n d --------------------------P r o c e s s in g : C o m p o u n d e r s -----------------------------L a b o r e r s ------------------------------------L o a d e rs , ta n k c a r s o r tr u c k s • P a c k a g e f i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ------P u m p m e n -----------------------------------P u m p m e n 's h e l p e r s ----------------S t i l l m e n ( c h i e f o p e r a t o r s ) -----S tillm e n , a s s i s t a n t ( a s s is t a n t o p e r a t o r s ) --------------------------------S t i l l m e n 1s h e l p e r s ( o p e r a t o r s ’ h e l p e r s ) ------------------------------------T r e a t e r s , o i l s --------------------------T r e a t e r s ' h e l p e r s , o i l s ----------In s p e c tin g a n d te s tin g : R o u t i n e t e s t e r s , l a b o r a t o r y ---R e c o rd in g a n d c o n tro l: S t o c k c l e r k s --------------------------------M a te r ia l m o v e m e n t: T r u c k d r i v e r s -----------------------------T r u c k e r s , p o w e r , f o r k l i f t -----T r u c k e r s , p o w e r, o th e r th a n f o r k l i f t -------------------------------------C u s to d ia l: G u a r d s ------------------------------------------J a n i t o r s ---------------------------------------W a t c h m e n ------------------------------------ 1 - 1, 235 759 1, 232 1, 509 1, 519 1, 746 2 ,0 1 5 1, 005 3, 063 1, 383 $4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 88 142 84 85 06 93 87 96 83 83 85 149 217 204 193 937 163 214 153 $4. 4. 5. 4. 5. 4. 5. 4. 4. 5. 97 95 04 16 25 99 13 98 99 10 310 4, 070 993 429 2, 195 654 5, 561 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 5. 70 69 24 03 78 58 17 54 507 61 108 356 75 703 4. 3. 4. 4. 5. 4. 5. 93 74 38 16 00 51 44 53 304 27 67 54 9, 489 4. 79 1, 153 4. 99 52 3, 802 647 244 4. 40 4. 64 4. 57 510 44 25 4. 6 8 5. 05 4. 44 36 " 2, 906 4. 62 461 4. 87 727 4. 48 123 4. 44 1, 032 282 4. 15 4. 08 176 47 4. 23 4. 09 88 94 4. 38 - 58 2 644 77 4. 06 3. 6 6 3. 83 138 82 “ 4. 08 3. 84 " 10 25 83 13 14 18 28 52 28 195 146 289 360 316 351 170 $ 4 . 07 4. 01 3. 56 3 .9 6 4. 14 3. 75 3. 98 3 .9 7 4. 03 4. 3. 3. 3. 3. 101 750 258 23 36 72 61 92 65 736 216 $ 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 85 85 76 23 88 85 88 90 85 89 4. 92 3. 81 4. 51 30 36 96 182 107 78 72 114 196 173 $ 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 67 59 69 03 71 79 663 319 460 4 14 588 656 $4. 88 4. 8 8 4. 94 4. 05 4. 95 4. 8 8 68 - 63 67 71 459 1, 253 532 4. 91 4. 89 4. 90 80 67 $ 4. 64 4. 36 4. 54 3. 70 4. 56 4. 61 _ 4. 47 4. 38 55 71 16 15 47 54 85 45 1, 663 153 5. 05 3. 70 4. 46 19 189 4. 23 3. 37 777 304 1, 961 4. 82 4. 69 5. 24 105 14 392 - 920 5. 04 4. 60 5. 23 32 601 1, 921 4. 92 869 4. 55 3, 296 4. 79 3. 62 - 663 57 - 4. 48 4. 8 6 - 401 69 - 4. 23 4. 49 - 1, 354 280 138 4. 40 4. 78 4. 71 107 3. 79 535 4. 57 332 4. 29 922 10 3. 56 151 4. 50 47 4. 23 26 33 3. 51 3. 69 198 18 4. 33 4. 23 73 38 4. 10 4. 01 - _ _ 377 134 - - _ 3. 97 _ - - _ _ 11 29 3. 20 3. 52 D a s h e s in d ic a te n o d a ta r e p o r te d o r d a ta th a t do n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a . U n ite d S ta te s a n d r e g io n s , A p r il 1971) 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. E x c lu d e s p re m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e an d fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , an d la te s h ifts . NOTE: re fin e rie s , W e ste rn T exas— T e x a s I n la n d U n ited E ast R o ck y W e st P e n n sy lv a n ia — M id w e s t I M id w e s t II L o u s ia n a N o r th L o u s ia n a — S ta te s C oast M o u n ta in C oast W e st V ir g in ia G u lf C o a s t A rk an sas N um ber A v e ra g e N um ber A v e ra g e N u m b er A v e ra g e N u m b er A v e ra g e N u m b e r A v e ra g e N u m b er A v e ra g e N u m b er A v e ra g e N u m b er A v e ra g e N um ber A v e ra g e of of of of of of h o u r ly h o u r ly h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly h o u r ly of h o u r ly h o u r ly h o u r ly w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a r n i n g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s - 20 463 227 45 212 8 26 54 92 46 35 _ - 17 24 31 31 58 63 _ $4. 69 4. 6 8 4. 65 4. 02 4. 75 4. 6 6 _ 61 41 4. 85 4. 75 4. 72 7 119 61 4. 61 3. 6 6 4. 38 12 180 110 128 130 187 356 _ _ $4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 93 92 97 05 93 92 _ _ 431 131 4. 92 4. 92 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 5. 4. 19 4. 12 4. 79 87 23 154 4. 76 4. 78 5. 06 47 89 64 30 227 72 711 509 4. 48 216 4. 73 1, 473 4. 74 363 74 - 4. 14 4. 18 - 105 4. 65 362 81 41 4. 27 4. 79 4. 48 4. 90 235 4. 10 82 4. 30 232 4. 61 303 4. 65 28 3. 88 14 4. 11 51 4. 29 296 4. 01 - 56 - 3 .9 1 - 33 - 4. 21 - 174 38 4. 27 3. 97 - - _ _ 31 4. 63 12 4. 29 36 4. 22 - 107 94 19 4. 19 3. 74 3 .9 3 32 65 “ 4. 00 3. 50 " 217 303 ~ 4. 11 3. 64 40 ' _ - _ 3. 56 - " - _ _ " - - - _ . 44 58 " 13 “ 3. 34 " 56 73 14 04 62 24 26 4. 03 3. 81 T a b le 4. O c c u p a tio n a l ave rag e s: B y s ize o f c o m m u n ity ( N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in p e t r o l e u m r e f i n e r i e s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a n d n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s , E ast C oast U n ite d S ta te s D e p a r tm e n t a n d o c c u p a tio n M a in te n a n c e : B o i l e r m a k e r s ---------------------------------C a r p e n t e r s _________________________ E l e c t r i c i a n s ------------------------------------H e l p e r s , t r a d e s ____________________ I n s t r u m e n t r e p a i r m e n ____________ M a c h i n i s t s __________________________ M e c h a n i c s , g e n e r a l _______________ M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e __________ P i p e f i t t e r s --------------------------------------W e l d e r s , h a n d _____________________ P ro c e s s in g : C o m p o u n d e r s ______________________ L a b o r e r s __________________________ L o a d e r s , t a n k c a r s o r t r u c k s ____ P a c k a g e f i l l e r s , m a c h i n e __________ P u m p m e n -----------------------------------------P u m p m e n 's h e l p e r s _____ _______ S t il lm e n ( c h ie f o p e r a t o r s ) -----------S t il lm e n a s s i s t a n t ( a s s i s t a n t o p e r a t o r s ) ------------------------------------S tillm e n * s h e l p e r s ( o p e r a t o r s ' h e l p e r s ) --------------------------------------T r e a t e r s o i ls ---------------------------------T r e a t e r s ' h e l p e r s , o i ls __________ I n s p e c t in g a n d t e s t i n g : R o u tin e t e s t e r s , l a b o r a t o r y ----------R e c o r d in g a n d c o n tr o l : S to c k c l e r k s ________________________ M a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t: T r u c k d r i v e r s -----------------------------------T r u c k e r s , p o w e r , f o r k l i f t -------------T r u c k e r s , p o w e r , o t h e r th a n f o r k l i f t ____________________________ C u s t o d ia l : G u a r d s _______________________________ J a n i t o r s _____________________________ W a tc h m e n ----------------------------------------1 N o n m e tr o M e tr o M e tr o p o lita n p o lita n p o lita n a re a s a re a s a re a s N um - A v e r- N um - A v e r- N um - A v e rber ber ag e ber age age h o u r ly of h o u r ly of of h o u r ly w o rk - e a rn - w o rk - e a rn - w o rk - e a rn in g s e rs m gs e rs e rs m gs 1, 198 689 1 ,0 7 9 1 ,0 3 5 1, 330 1 ,6 0 8 1 ,7 5 4 776 2, 774 1, 144 $4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 243 3, 209 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 5. 601 329 1 ,8 4 5 578 4 , 346 89 88 90 09 96 89 98 91 87 91 82 73 38 12 84 62 26 1, 37 70 153 474 189 138 261 229 289 239 $4. 4. 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 67 861 392 4. 3. 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 100 350 76 215 77 46 53 98 67 M id w e s t I N o n m e tr o p o lita n a re a s N um - A v e r ber age of h o u r ly w o rk - e a rn e rs in g s M e tr o p o l it a n a re a s N um - A v e r ber ag e of h o u r ly w o rk e a rn e rs in g s _ 54 46 56 142 184 194 179 845 163 179 140 $4. 4. 5. 4. 5. 4. 5. 4. 4. 5. 96 95 03 17 25 97 12 98 96 10 24 52 02 72 42 35 84 54 441 61 108 331 75 625 4. 3. 4. 4. 5. 4. 5. 93 75 38 16 02 51 43 19 278 17 53 30 44 66 86 134 W e ste rn P e n n s y lv a n ia W e s t V ir g in ia 86 _ 19 75 11 10 18 _ _ 38 16 $ 4 . 72 4. 85 4. 23 4. 81 20 200 5. 08 3. 81 4. 53 131 56 _ _ 341 98 808 5. 06 4. 70 5. 25 . 4. 56 _ 140 130 5. 02 3. 96 1 ,7 7 1 4. 92 349 4. 53 4. 8 6 _ _ 3. 80 3. 8 6 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 77 35 65 63 81 _ _ _ _ _ 72 14 27 50 131 78 44 31 91 107 115 $4. 88 4. 8 8 ' 4. 94 4. 05 4. 95 4. 8 8 49 80 42 32 4. 91 4. 89 4. 90 75 _ 58 4. 49 _ 4. 41 45 1 ,6 6 3 11 153 _ 10 42 777 44 304 80 1 , 9 6 1 5. 05 3. 70 4. 46 15 150 4. 24 3. 35 471 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 82 4. 69 5. 24 81 14 358 4. 65 520 4. 48 3, 296 4. 79 _ _ _ 339 65 4. 22 1, 354 280 4. 49 128 4. 40 4. 78 4. 71 _ _ _ _ 4. 73 4. 8 6 _ 3. 79 4 . 30 _ _ 332 171 22 22 $4. 4. 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 61 663 54 319 54 460 95 414 67 588 72 656 64 57 459 62 1 ,2 5 3 63 532 _ 68 _ 8 22 $4. 4. 4. 3. 4. 4. 64 40 57 71 59 64 . _ 55 36 4. 73 4. 74 431 131 4. 92 4. 92 47 89 64 30 227 72 711 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 5. _ 4. 22 4. 12 4. 50 49 19 69 4. 81 4. 76 5. 11 474 4. 50 156 259 70 4. 19 4. 18 _ 4. 55 1, 065 5. 01 4. 44 1 ,0 1 9 4. 81 171 4. 75 20 4. 28 4. 18 4. 14 375 44 25 4. 74 5. 05 4. 44 36 2, 257 4. 75 649 4. 16 415 4. 90 85 3. 69 495 4. 57 99 4. 40 322 4. 24 922 4. 90 208 4. 11 45 630 4. 52 97 4. 18 114 4. 46 8 3. 60 131 4. 45 18 4 . 30 29 4. 19 303 4. 65 24 3. 89 7 874 4. 18 4. 09 158 3. 98 3. 97 176 47 4. 23 4. 09 24 3. 50 172 18 4. 31 4. 23 29 4. 32 44 3. 95 296 4. 01 50 3. 93 31 4. 63 97 58 19 4. 19 3. 93 3. 93 260 22 82 4. 39 12 4. 29 _ 509 536 46 4. 09 3. 72 4. 05 73 108 31 3. 87 3. 34 3. 50 129 79 - _ 4. 08 3. 84 - _ _ _ _ 9 23 _ 3. 62 _ _ _ _ 3. 15 3. 53 489 57 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 4. 29 36 4. 22 23 37 3. 92 3. 37 217 303 4. 11 3. 64 - - - - _ 3. 67 4. 41 _ _ _ 93 92 97 05 93 92 30 38 33 92 31 _ $4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 128 130 187 356 4. 83 1, 336 _ 180 _ $ 4 . 62 4. 03 4. 74 4. 67 21 , 153 D a s h e s in d ic a te n o d a ta r e p o r t e d o r d a ta th a t do n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a . _ _ 2 , 783 476 224 8 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e an d fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , a n d la te s h ifts . NOTE: 49 728 $4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. M e tr o N o n m e tr o p o l it a n p o l it a n a re a s a re a s N u m A v e r N um - A v e r ber ber ag e ag e of of h o u r ly h o u r ly w o rk e a rn w o rk e a rn e rs e rs in g s in g s 46 51 29 _ _ _ 89 58 195 146 271 206 288 343 84 63 742 230 T e x a s In la n d N o r th R ocky W e st L o u is a n a — M o u n ta in C oast A rk an sas M e tr o N o n m e tr o M e tro M e tr o p o lita n p o l it a n p o lita n p o lita n a re a s a re a s a re a s a re a s N um A v e r N um A v e r N um A v e r N um A v e r ber ag e ber ag e ber age ber age of h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly of h o u r ly w o rk e a rn w o rk e a rn w o rk e a rn w o rk e a rn e rs in g s e rs e rs in g s e rs in g s in g s T exas— L o u is a n a G u lf C o a s t M id w e s t II 85 85 76 18 89 85 91 95 85 91 _ $ 3 . 82 3. 57 3. 98 3. 8 6 3. 75 U n ite d S ta te s a n d r e g io n s , A p r il 1971) _ 110 4. 71 1 ,4 7 3 _ 56 73 14 04 62 24 26 4. 74 362 81 41 4. 27 4. 79 4. 48 4. 44 232 4. 61 4. 14 51 4. 29 19 4. 23 174 38 4. 27 3. 97 3. 69 44 58 4. 03 3. 81 _ _ _ 8 - - - T a b le 5. O c c u p a tio n a l a v e ra g e s : B y s ize of e s ta b lis h m e n t (N u m b e r a n d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in p e tr o l e u m r e f i n e r i e s b y s iz e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t , U n ite d S ta te s a n d r e g i o n s , A p r i l 1971) 1 W e ste rn P e n n s y lv a n ia — W e s t V i r g in i a E a st C oast U n ite d S ta te s M id w e s t I E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith — D e p a r tm e n t a n d o c c u p a tio n M a in te n a n c e : B o i l e r m a k e r s -----------------------------C a r p e n t e r s _______________________ E l e c t r i c i a n s ---------------------------------H e l p e r s , t r a d e s __________________ I n s t r u m e n t r e p a i r m e n ---------------M a c h i n i s t s -----------------------------------M e c h a n i c s , g e n e r a l _____________ M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e -------------P i p e f i t t e r s ________________________ W e ld e r s , h a n d ___________________ P ro c e s s in g : C o m p o u n d e r s -------------------------------L a b o r e r s --- -------------------------------L o a d e rs , ta n k c a r s o r t r u c k s ----------------------------------------P a c k a g e f i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ----------P u m p m e n ___________ ____ ___ _ P u m p m e n 's h e l p e r s -------------------S t il lm e n (c h ie f o p e r a t o r s ) ----------S t il lm e n , a s s i s t a n t ( a s s i s t a n t o p e r a to r s ) ____ S t i l l m e n 's h e l p e r s ( o p e r a t o r s ' h e l p e r s ) ___________________ T r e a t e r s , o i ls ----------------------------T r e a t e r s * h e l p e r s , o i ls ------------I n s p e c t in g a n d t e s t i n g : R o u tin e t e s t e r s , l a b o r a t o r y -------R e c o r d in g a n d c o n t r o l : S to c k c l e r k s --------------------------------M a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t: T r u c k d r i v e r s _____________________ T ru c k e rs , p o w er, fo rk lif t — T r u c k e r s , p o w e r , o t h e r th a n f o r k l i f t __________________________ C u s t o d ia l : G u a r d s -----------------------------------------J a n i t o r s ----------------------------------------W a tc h m e n ------------------------------------S e e fo o tn o te at end o f ta b le . --999 w o rk e rs N um ber A v erag e of h o u r ly w o rk e rs e a rn in g s 100 320 250 48 0 1 , 028 713 685 956 371 1 ,2 3 7 684 $4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 88 75 78 03 84 84 89 1, 000 w o rk e rs o r m o re N um ber A v erag e h o u r ly of w o rk ers e a rn in g s 915 509 740 469 798 1, 041 1, 047 $4. 4. 4. 4. 5. 4. 5. 4. 4. 4. -•999 w o rk e rs N um ber A v erag e of h o u r ly w o rk e rs e a rn in g s 100 _ _ _ 79 _ 1 , 0 0 0 w o rk ers o r m o re N um ber A v erag e of h o u r ly w o rk e rs e a rn in g s 1 0 0 -9 9 9 w o rk e rs N um ber A v e ra g e of h o u r ly w o rk e r s e a rn in g s 1 0 0 -9 9 9 w o rk e rs N um ber A v erag e of h o u r ly w o rk ers e a rn in g s 111 122 $ 4 . 95 4. 94 5. 03 _ 5. 30 4. 96 5. 11 5. 02 4. 95 5. 11 25 83 13 14 18 28 52 28 27 374 5. 04 3. 70 53 304 4. 23 3. 36 57 4. 38 4. 10 5. 05 _ 5. 49 27 67 54 _ _ 3. 72 3. 61 3. 92 _ - 175 _ 269 $4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 94 91 91 23 92 92 89 92 91 90 123 79 145 _ 87 195 _ _ 428 _ $ 4 . 80 4. 80 4. 62 _ 4. 80 4. 80 _ _ 4. 80 _ 5. 10 3. 83 37 251 5. 07 3. 78 4. 53 _ 5. 00 4. 56 5. 26 _ _ _ _ - 93 408 _ _ _ 4. 97 3. 70 27 133 4. 82 3. 87 4. 4. 4. 4. 5. 70 31 _ _ 95 _ 347 _ _ 4. 87 _ 5. 39 261 _ 356 4 , 291 4. 81 707 4. 94 446 5. 08 52 3. 97 1 ,2 4 1 4. 99 664 4. 80 1 ,4 3 2 230 134 4. 53 5. 00 4. 6 8 _ _ _ _ 328 33 4. 77 5. 05 _ 36 _ 3. 62 450 26 4. 50 4. 55 213 31 4. 45 5. 11 - - 1 , 111 4. 66 618 77 77 1 ,8 1 8 683 156 1 ,9 9 9 4. 48 3. 67 138 2 , 051 763 209 1, 130 337 3, 136 4. 3. 4. 4. 5. 19 92 69 47 06 1, 057 317 2, 353 5, 138 4. 77 2 , 306 381 110 4. 31 4. 48 4. 44 1 ,7 3 9 4. 47 202 220 90 13 00 89 03 93 88 45 13 88 62 86 226 4. 81 4. 34 122 78 110 _ 158 131 529 151 68 - 235 - 4. 93 10 - 107 $4. 4. 3. 3. 4. 3. 3. 3. 4. 72 67 136 325 225 148 _ _ $ 4. 22 _ 5. 04 5. 14 _ _ _ 88 88 - 1 , 0 0 0 w o rk ers o r m o re N um ber A v erag e of h o u r ly e a rn in g s w o rk e rs 07 01 56 96 14 75 98 97 03 - 168 92 314 195 12 477 102 769 - 3. 79 380 - 4. 59 _ _ _ _ - - - - - 322 4. 35 401 4. 58 35 88 4. 48 10 3. 56 129 4. 53 _ 541 4. 05 491 4. 25 _ _ 80 4. 31 26 3. 51 95 4. 34 103 104 3. 90 178 4. 18 _ _ 47 4. 09 33 3. 69 _ _ _ _ 29 4. 37 65 4. 38 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 216 223 61 3. 94 3. 55 3. 69 366 421 4. 14 3. 71 _ _ _ _ _ " - - - 8 - _ 3. 92 - 105 74 - _ 4. 09 3. 83 - _ _ 11 29 _ _ 3. 20 3. 52 74 76 19 4. 16 3. 70 3. 93 _ 4. 31 T a b le 5 . O c c u p a tio n a l a ve rag e s: B y s iz e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t—C o n tin u e d (N u m b er and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in p e tr o le u m r e f i n e r ie s b y s iz e o f e s ta b lis h m e n t s , U n ited S ta te s and r e g io n s , A p r il 1971) M id w e s t II T e x a s I n la n d N o r th L o u is a n a — A rk an sas T e x a s —L o u is a n a G u lf C o a s t 1 0 0 -9 9 9 w o rk ers N um ber A v e ra g e h o u r ly of w o rk e rs e a rn in g s 1 E x c lu d e s p re m iu m N O TE : 28 28 84 163 92 69 72 81 173 144 $4. 4. 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 65 51 1 0 0 -9 9 9 w o rk e rs N um ber A v e ra g e of h o u r ly w o rk ers e a rn in g s 105 37 74 168 118 141 _ 58 w o rk e rs o r m o re N um ber A v e ra g e of h o u r ly w o rk e rs e a rn in g s 1 ,0 0 0 558 282 386 246 470 515 53 64 67 211 117 13 364 4. 37 3. 6 8 _ 368 _ 3. 74 45 1 ,2 9 5 5. 05 3. 69 19 159 4. 23 3. 49 224 40 196 24 548 4. 15 4. 11 4. 43 4. 50 4. 83 77 « 4. 30 _ 4. 91 4. 53 5. 11 76 4. 62 211 217 1 ,4 6 6 4. 75 5. 29 _ _ 105 14 356 94 68 78 68 87 495 _ 401 1, 042 415 _ _ $4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 1 0 0 -9 9 9 w o rk e rs N um ber A v e ra g e of h o u r ly w o rk e rs e a rn in g s $ 4 . 91 4. 87 4. 94 3. 98 4. 92 4. 8 6 _ 4. 96 4. 89 4. 90 66 1 0 0 -9 9 9 w o rk ers N um ber A v e ra g e of h o u r ly w o rk e rs e a rn in g s 10 0 -9 9 9 w o rk ers N um ber A v e ra g e of h o u r ly w o rk ers e a r n in g s 17 24 31 31 58 63 4. 91 4. 89 4. 89 42 23 _ 72 _ 60 $ 4 . 64 4. 36 4. 50 3. 70 4. 52 4. 41 _ 4. 45 _ 4. 40 88 88 94 10 95 89 _ _ _ 8 26 50 88 $4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 69 68 65 02 75 66 70 48 41 91 119 165 $4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 91 91 95 09 92 90 61 41 4. 85 4. 75 4. 72 217 68 4. 91 4. 90 7 119 4. 61 3. 6 6 25 75 4. 53 3. 74 61 _ 87 23 154 4. 38 4. 19 4. 12 4. 79 4. 76 4. 78 5. 06 23 17 113 67 348 _ _ 12 4. 4. 4. 4. 5. 14 13 59 26 19 818 4. 53 793 4. 75 2, 503 4. 80 465 4. 43 216 4. 73 846 4. 79 353 65 4. 21 4. 47 531 4. 28 823 123 4. 48 5. 06 287 38 4. 08 4. 19 105 4. 65 354 42 4. 27 4. 91 4. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 299 4. 29 268 66 654 4. 99 183 4. 11 82 4. 30 194 44 4. 22 50 4. 47 253 4. 69 28 3. 88 14 4. 11 12 4. 37 67 4. 09 74 3. 61 222 4. 14 56 3. 91 33 4. 21 94 4. 15 34 4. 00 40 3. 56 _ 13 3. 34 - - _ 26 53 - _ 4. 00 3. 43 " _ 4. _ _ _ 8 4. 31 _ 39 31 - 3. 82 3. 45 178 272 p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d l a t e s h if t s . D a s h e s in d ic a te no d a ta r e p o r te d or da ta that do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r ia . W est C o a st E s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith — D e p a r tm e n t a n d o c c u p a tio n M a in te n a n c e : B o i l e r m a k e r s _________________ C a r p e n t e r s ____________________ E l e c t r i c i a n s ----------------------------H e l p e r s , t r a d e s _______________ I n s t r u m e n t r e p a i r m e n __ ______ M a c h i n i s t s _____________________ M e c h a n i c s , g e n e r a l ___________ M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e ______ P i p e f i t t e r s _____________________ W e ld e r s , h a n d ___________ _ P ro c e s s in g : C o m p o u n d e r s ________ __ ___ L a b o r e r s ______________________ L o a d e r s , ta n k c a r s o r t r u c k s ________________________ P a c k a g e f i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ____ P u m p m e n __________ __________ P u m p m e n 's h e l p e r s ------------ --S t il lm e n ( c h ie f o p e r a t o r s ) ____ S t il lm e n , a s s i s t a n t ( a s s i s t a n t o p e r a t o r s ) ___________________ S tillm e n * s h e l p e r s ( o p e r a t o r s ' h e l p e r s ) -----------------------T r e a t e r s , o i l __________________ T r e a t e r s ' h e l p e r s , o i l s ______ I n s p e c t in g a n d t e s t i n g : R o u tin e t e s t e r s , l a b o r a t o r y ___ R e c o r d in g a n d c o n t r o l : S to c k c l e r k s ----------------------------M a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t: T r u c k d r i v e r s ----------------------------T ru c k e rs , p o w er, fo rk l if t — T r u c k e r s , p o w e r , o t h e r th a n f o r k l i f t ________________________ C u s t o d ia l : G u a r d s -------------------------------------J a n i t o r s ---------------------- .-------------W a tc h m e n _____________________ R o c k y M o u n ta in _ 4. 17 3. 6 6 - - 66 T a b le 6. O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s : U n ite d S ta te s ( D i s t r i b u t i o n of w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in p e tr o l e u m r e f i n e r i e s by s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s , N um D e p a r tm e n t a n d o c c u p a tio n of w o rk - A ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ___ 6 9 ,8 3 1 1 A p r i l 1971) N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 of— A v e r9.ge $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $ 3 .60 $3.70 $3.80 $ 3 .90 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 $4.50 $4.60 $4.70 $4.80 $4.90 $5.00 $5.10 $5.20 $5.30 $5.40 $5.50 h o u r ly U n d e r a nd e a r n - $ 3 .1 0 under m gs 1 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4 .0 0 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 $4.50 $4.60 $4.70 $4.80 $4.90 $5.00 $5.10 $5.20 $5.30 $5.40 $5.50 o v e r $ 4 . 59 239 158 127 436 434 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - . _ _ _ 5 _ _ _ _ _ . 70 65 79 - 84 _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ - 1, 263 1 ,6 0 1 1, 724 1 ,8 1 4 1, 745 2 , 769 2 , 446 4 , 029 M a in te n a n c e : C a r p e n t e r s .. _______ __________ E le c tric ia n s ________________ H e l p e r s , t r a d e s _______________ I n s t r u m e n t r e p a i r m e n ________ M a c h in ists __________________ M e c h a n i c s , g e n e r a l ____ _____ M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e ____ P i p e f i t t e r s ____________________ W e ld e r s , h a n d ......... .................... P ro c e s s in g : ____ __________ C o m p o u n d e rs L a b o r e r s _____________________ L o a d e rs , ta n k c a r s o r t r u c k s _______________________ P a c k a g e f i l l e r s , m a c h i n e ____ P u m p m e n _____________________ P u m p m e n 's h e l p e r s _________ S t il lm e n ( c h ie f o p e r a t o r s ) ___ S t il lm e n , a s s i s t a n t ( a s s i s t a n t o p e r a t o r s ) ------------ --------------S tillm e n * s h e l p e r s ( o p e r a to r s * h e l p e r s ) ________ T r e a t e r s , o il ............................. . T r e a t e r s ' h e l p e r s , o il ______ I n s p e c t in g a n d t e s t i n g : R o u tin e t e s t e r s , l a b o r a t o r y ........................................ R e c o r d in g a n d c o n tr o l : S to c k c l e r k s __________________ M a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t: T r u c k d r i v e r s ------------------------- T r u c k e r s , p o w e r , f o r k l i f t ___ T r u c k e r s , p o w e r, o th e r th a n f o r k l i f t _____________________ C u s t o d ia l : G u a r d s ...................................... ............ J a n i t o r s ............................................... 759 1 ,2 3 2 1 ,5 0 9 1 ,5 1 9 1 ,7 4 6 2 ,0 1 5 1 ,0 0 5 3, 063 1, 383 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 84 85 06 93 87 96 83 83 85 310 4 , 070 4. 70 3. 69 993 4 29 2, 195 654 5, 561 4. 4. 4. 4. 5. 9 ,4 8 9 4 . 79 - - 3 ,8 0 2 647 244 4 .4 0 4 . 64 4. 57 _ - - 24 03 78 58 17 2 _ _ 1 _ _ 1 2 - 1 _ _ _ _ _ - _ 4 2 2 _ 114 _ _ 1 2 10 - _ _ _ 5 22 1 3 2 6 2 12 5 6 2 105 12 42 227 12 369 189 6 14 91 19 5 - 2 4 59 5 3 _ 13 40 3 6 96 _ . 9 _ 12 2 8 8 1 9 7 4 5 - 5 2 22 21 7 26 8 12 37 19 14 57 1 27 16 49 34 17 17 28 40 31 56 33 13 22 86 15 9 14 18 36 15 372 14 - 47 4 7 114 108 9 42 81 115 93 65 72 651 2 11 20 763 682 143 10 1 11 27 30 56 19 27 19 _ - 4 - 1 6 6 - 12 11 - 16 114 5 43 - 29 107 56 16 - - - - - - - 8 24 68 - - 12 _ 18 - 42 23 4 56 _ 85 125 1 12 285 - 122 _ - _ - 2 - - 20 39 - 1 22 33 37 40 728 12 26 6 23 41 34 123 18 9 5 3 32 1 _ 112 11 66 6 _ 3 20 122 _ 75 56 21 20 20 26 11 511 914 197 33 363 116 1,654 47 577 88 5 31 414 246 563 _ 531 29 32 124 - 634 . _ _ _ _ _ . - . _ _ 44 _ _ _ . - 2 - 4 11 _ 2 22 118 _ _ - 36 41 22 3 17 - _ _ - 67 268 178 95 1,125 1,189 65 951 _ 386 279 121 505 297 897 397 69 185 73 104 105 19 608 477 , 611 3, 342 2, 094 1 ,6 2 3 35 _ 16 25 806 66 35 8 . 15 . _ _ 46 1 20 27 25 112 65 18 131 143 229 558 502 56 380 463 826 778 3,626 1 ,5 2 3 509 231 78 130 _ 39 489 23 17 312 69 - 65 9 59 25 40 70 156 63 - 80 - 58 - 94 - - _ - 4 - 89 68 11 20 12 2 74 71 - 92 46 46 254 51 178 239 61 465 287 434 367 17 428 1, 153 61 102 14 37 21 732 393 326 2 8 906 4 . 62 14 - 2 - 19 7 34 19 92 105 109 149 240 195 177 136 224 85 679 226 90 48 29 40 43 144 727 4 . 48 2 - - 7 3 2 18 5 6 25 32 18 81 66 52 209 31 28 60 39 37 3 2 - 1 - 1 ,0 3 2 282 4 . 15 4 . 08 _ _ 40 _ _ - 8 3 11 1 18 _ 7 20 228 53 246 80 185 - 42 - - 3 2 3 _ _ _ _ _ - 16 132 59 45 2 39 38 2 , _ 21 94 4. 38 _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 - _ 582 644 77 4. 06 3. 6 6 3. 83 8 _ 14 _ _ 1 10 40 10 8 28 97 4 17 124 1 6 5 14 178 14 88 4 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , a n d l a t e s h if t s . 1 2 - 6 , 759 4 , 391 3, 874 3, 742 2 ,4 9 4 13,636 9, 369 _ 6 292 2 3 22 5 7 12 23 5 7 8 10 14 - 6 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 197 30 79 20 13 - - _ - _ - - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 5 173 49 8 _ 16 T a b le 7 . O c c u p a tio n a l e arn in g s : E a st C o a s t ( D is tr ib u tio n of w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in p e tr o le u m r e f in e r ie s by s tr a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 A p r il 1971) D e p a r tm e n t a n d o c c u p a tio n A ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ----M a in t e n a n c e : B o i l e r m a k e r s -----------------------C a r p e n t e r s ----------------------------J L ic c iric id iib . .--i -H e l p e r s , t r a d e s --------------------I n s t r u m e n t r e p a i r m e n ----------iv ia c n im s ts M e c h a n ic s , g e n e r a l --------------M e c h a n ic s , m a i n t e n a n c e ------P i p e f i t t e r s -----------------------------W e ld e r s , h a n d -----------------------P ro c e s s in g : C o m p o u n d e rs ------------------------L a b o r e r s --------------------------------L o a d e rs , ta n k c a r s o r t r u c k s ---------------------------------P a c k a g e f i l l e r s , m a c h i n e -----P u m p m e n -------------------------------P u m p m e n 's h e l p e r s --------------S t il lm e n ( c h i e f o p e r a t o r s ) -----S t il lm e n , a s s i s t a n t ( a s s i s t a n t o p e r a t o r s ) ---------S t i l l m e n 1s h e l p e r s ( o p e r a t o r s 1 h e l p e r s ) ----------------------T r e a t e r s , o i l ------------------------T r e a t e r s * h e l p e r s , o i l ----------I n s p e c t in g a n d t e s t i n g : R o u tin e t e s t e r s , l a b o r a t o r y — R e c o r d in g a n d c o n tr o l : S to c k c l e r k s ---------------------------M a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t: T r u c k d r i v e r s --------------------------T r u c k e r s , p o w e r , f o r k l i f t -----C u s to d ia l: G u a r d s -------------------------------------J a n i t o r s ------------------------------------ N um A v erN u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 of----ber age $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .1 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .3 0 $ 5 .4 0 $ 5 .5 0 $ 5 .6 0 $ 5 .7 0 $ 5 .8 0 ■ $5^0 $ 6 . 0 0 of h o u r ly U nder and and w o rk e a rn $ 3 .6 0 u n d e r e rs in g s 1 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .1 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .3 0 $ 5 .4 0 $ 5 .5 0 $ 5 .6 0 $ 5 .7 0 $ 5 .8 0 $ 5 .9 0 $ 6 . 0 0 o v e r 10 , 602 $ 4 . 77 31 185 329 32 261 340 419 432 430 469 589 531 513 468 142 $ 4 . 97 88 4. 95 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 86 74 937 163 214 153 4. 16 5. 25 A QQ 5. 13 4. 98 4. 99 5. 10 54 507 4. 93 3. 74 217 204 61 108 356 75 703 4. 4. 5. 4. 5. 38 16 00 51 44 812 1, 212 32 L34 - - - 2 - 33 117 25 40 - - - - - - - - 14 - 10 8 180 252 - _ _ _ _ - - - - 1, 153 4. 99 510 44 25 4. 6 8 5. 05 4. 44 461 4. 87 123 4. 44 - 176 47 4. 23 4. 09 _ 138 82 4. 08 3. 84 1 - 54 _ 36 - - 9 4 7 - _ 14 - _ - - “ " " - 6 1 - 3 13 - - - 3 - 4 _ _ _ _ " - - 9 35 80 “ _ _ - - _ 9 40 - - 4 14 28 30 19 - 1 1 - 11 - - - 2 1 1 2 2 1 _ 38 55 141 55 - 9 11 5 17 8 36 39 25 15 19 57 16 68 _ 6 _ _ _ _ 2 107 11 12 2 2 54 1 2 6 6 9 1 9 6 12 _ 8 - E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , a n d la te s h if ts , 1,989 _ 337 548 380 108 99 19 14 18 37 35 - - - 8 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 40 6 1 9 1 3 _ 15 16 - 8 2 54 147 83 179 77 36 32 149 8 22 6 10 4 16 6 _ 12 96 46 31 67 30 - 14 786 66 35 46 - - - - - - _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50 _ _ 8 - - - 33 - 192 333 87 - - - - 12 76 265 212 402 65 62 59 - - - - - - - 128 9 8 _ 4 15 _ 16 - 156 3 8 _ 16 _ _ 4 _ _ _ _ 39 45 134 8 15 12 17 9 16 5 8 7 3 _ _ _ 3 _ 5 T a b le 8 . O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s : W e s te rn P e n n s y lv a n ia —W e s t V ir g in ia ( D istr ib u tio n o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in p e tr o le u m r e f in e r ie s by s tr a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 A p r il 1971) N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s D e p a r tm e n t a n d o c c u p a tio n N um ber of w o rk ers 1 $3.10 $ 3 .2 0 ' $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $4 .0 0 U n d e r and $ 3.1 0 u n d e r $ 3.20 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $3.50, $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 3. 74 A ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s . M a in te n a n c e : C a r p e n te r s — E le c tr ic ia n s H e l p e r s , t r a d e s ---------In stru m e n t re p a irm e n M a c h i n i s t s ____________ M e c h a n i c s , g e n e r a l -------M e c h a n ic s , m a in te n a n c e . P ip e fitte rs W e l d e r s , h a n d ---------------------------P ro c e s s in g : C o m p o u n d e r s -----------------------------L a b o r e r s ------------------------------------L o a d e rs , tan k c a r s o r t r u c k s . P a c k a g e f i l l e r s , m a c h i n e -------Pum pm en S t il lm e n , a s s i s t a n t ( a s s i s t a n t o p e r a t o r s )_ T r e a t e r s , o il ---------------------------------------------I n s p e c t in g a n d t e s t in g : R o u tin e t e s t e r s , l a b o r a t o r y --------R e c o r d in g a n d c o n tr o l : S to c k c l e r k s -----------------------------------M a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t: T ru c k d riv e rs . T r u c k e r s , p o w e r, f o rk lif t — C u s t o d ia l : J a n i t o r s ----------------------------------- A v erag e h o u r ly e a rn in g s 10 25 83 13 14 18 28 52 28 62 5 4. 07 4. 01 3. 56 3 .9 6 4. 14 3. 75 4. 13 3. 90 4. 03 53 304 27 67 54 52 36 4. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 107 41 36 72 61 92 97 62 3. 79 10 26 33 3. 51 3. 69 11 3. 20 3. 52 29 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , 23 h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 148 228 98 1 of— $ 4 .2 0 $4.3 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .5 0 $4.6 0 $4.7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $4.9 0 $5.00 $5.10 and $4.5 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .1 0 36 T a b le 9 . O c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s : M id w e s t I ( D is tr ib u tio n o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in p e tr o le u m r e f i n e r i e s b y s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 A p r il 1971) N u m b e r of w o rk e : r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s of— D e p a r tm e n t a n d o c c u p a tio n A ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ------------------------------------M a in te n c e : B o i l e r m a k e s ------------------------------------------------------------C a r p e n t e r s --------------------------------------------------------------E l e c t r i c i a n s -------------------------------------------------------------H e l p e r s , t r a d e s ------------------------------------------------------I n s t r u m e n t r e p a i r m e n --------------------------------------------M a c h i n i s t s ----------------------------------------------------------------M e c h a n ic s , g e n e r a l -----------------------------------------------M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e ---------------------------------------P i p e f i t t e r s -------------------------------------------------------------W e ld e r s , h a n d ---------------------------------------------------------P ro c e s s in g : C o m p o u n d e r s ----------------------------------------------------------L a b o r e r s -----------------------------------------------------------------L o a d e r s , t a n k c a r s o r t r u c k s -------------------------------P u m p m e n -----------------------------------------------------------------P u m p m e n 's h e l p e r s ------------------------------------------------S t il lm e n ( c h i e f o p e r a t o r s ) -------------------------------------S t il lm e n , a s s i s t a n t ( a s s i s t a n t o p e r a t o r s ) ------------S t i l l m e n 's h e l p e r s ( o p e r a t o r s ' h e l p e r s ) ---------------T r e a t e r s , o il ---------------------------------------------------------I n s p e c t in g a n d t e s t in g : R o u tin e t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y ------------------------------------R e c o r d in g a n d c o n tr o l : S to c k c l e r k --------------------------------------------------------------M a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t: T r u c k d r i v e r s ----------------------------------------------------------T r u c k e r s , p o w e r , f o r k l i f t ------------------------------------T r u c k e r s , p o w e r , o t h e r th a n f o r k l i f t -----------------C u s to d ia l: G u a r d s ---------------------------------------------------------------------J a n i t o r s -------------------------------------------------------------------W a tc h m e n ------------------------------------------------------------------ of w o rk er s 11, 568 195 146 289 360 316 351 170 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .1 0 $5.20 $ 5 .3 0 $ 5 .4 0 $5.5 0 h o u r ly e a rn in g s 1 U nder and $ 3 .6 0 u n d e r $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .1 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .3 0 $ 5 .4 0 $ 5 .5 0 o v e r $ 4 . 70 $4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4, 4. 4. 4. 4. 85 85 76 23 92 81 51 04 663 57 4. 3. 4. 5. 4. 5. 4. 4. 4. 101 750 258 65 736 216 377 134 920 88 85 109 125 102 557 132 29 2 314 639 457 551 349 489 107 - - 18 - - - 48 - 38 48 - 131 - 6 58 - - 8 _ _ _ _ - 12 - 90 85 89 " _ " _ _ - _ - _ _ - _ 457 28 - 24 24 - 48 8 8 - 60 34 - 23 92 48 - - - - - - 10 86 - " - 8 535 4. 57 - 12 - - 151 4. 50 6 - 4 198 4. 33 4. 23 4. 63 _ _ _ - - - - - - " - 107 94 19 4 2 - - 8 - 12 _ 16 16 8 4 _ - 8 _ - 25 4 8 16 - _ _ _ _ _ 200 53 71 _ 32 39 13 24 7 6 16 - 30 - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 10 - - - - - - - - - " - 6 53 4 4 2 _ _ _ _ 38 - 18 _ _ _ 31 3 15 65 18 - 8 2 _ _ 60 _ 284 16 59 5 20 16 - 14 24 11 _ - - 12 - 4 3 _ 13 17 _ _ _ - 4 22 “ - 21 _ ~ - 18 - _ - 193 _ 3 7 _ _ 8 - 8 _ 60 _ _ _ 79 38 49 ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 44 - 3 _ 60 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 88 _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 29 39 _ 55 32 34 54 24 22 _ 14 _ 92 10 " _ _ 60 20 122 - - _ 387 124 6 - _ _ 465 60 - 2 2 16 _ _ 34 17 24 " 273 134 34 582 119 809 30 179 - 34 - 3. 74 3. 93 12 _ 220 12 24 _ 24 36 _ _ 64 55 736 - 21 - 4. 19 8 8 2 1 166 99 178 4 976 _ 58 9 15 17 96 - 3 - 16 - _ _ - 2 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l id a y s , a n d l a t e s h if t s . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo llo w s : 14 a t $ 2. 80 to $ 2 . 90; 2 a t $ 3 to $ 3. 10. _ - 97 - 18 31 8 88 52 - 1, 9 2 1 2 3, 820 11 8 _ _ _ 17 _ 20 30 48 1, 083 457 12 16 168 _ 279 159 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 9 - 64 - _ _ 12 18 - - - - - _ _ - 15 - - . . T a b le 10. O c c u p a tio n a l earn in g s: M id w e s t II ( D is t r i b u t i o n o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in p e tr o le u m r e f i n e r i e s b y s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s , 1 A p r il 1971) N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s N um ber A v erag e D e p a r tm e n t a n d o c c u p a tio n A ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s • M a in te n a n c e : B o ile r m a k e r s C a r p e n te r s • E l e c t r i c i a n s ---------------H e l p e r s , t r a d e s ----------In stru m e n t re p a irm e n M a c h i n i s t s -------------------M e c h a n i c s , g e n e r a l -----------------------------M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e --------------------P ip e fitte rs W e ld e r s , h a n d --------------------------------P ro c e s s in g : C o m p o u n d e r s ---------------------------------L o a d e r s , ta n k c a r s o r t r u c k s -----P a c k a g e f i l l e r s , m a c h i n e --------------Pum pm en ■ P u m p m e n 's h e l p e r s ------------------------------------S t il lm e n ( c h i e f o p e r a t o r s ) -------------------------S t il lm e n , a s s i s t a n t ( a s s i s t a n t o p e r a t o r s ) S tillm e n * s h e l p e r s ( o p e r a t o r s ' h e l p e r s ) — T r e a t e r s , o il ■ I n s p e c t in g a n d t e s t i n g : R o u tin e t e s t i n g , l a b o r a t o r y R e c o r d in g a n d c o n tr o l : S to c k c l e r k s ------------------------M a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t: T r u c k d r i v e r s -----------------------T r u c k e r s , p o w e r, f o r k lif tT r u c k e r s , p o w e r, o th e r th a n f o rk lif t C u s to d ia l: G u a r d s ---------------------------------------------------- y l w o rk ers e a rn in g s 6 ,4 2 8 $ 4 . 37 30 36 96 182 107 78 72 114 196 173 $ 4 . 67 - 4..59 4 . 69 4 . 03 4. 71 4. 79 4. 6 8 4. 63 4. 67 4. 71 20 32 601 869 401 69 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 332 4. 29 47 4. 23 73 38 12 4. 10 4. 01 4. 29 32 65 4. 00 3. 50 46 3 227 45 212 55 71 16 15 47 54 85 55 23 49 42 23 94 131 309 427 293 337 393 - 3 - - - 58 - _ 34 - 3 - 7 - 23 - 2 - 6 - 6 - 650 462 556 1 3 4 11 6 8 8 - 3 - 9 3 18 2 618 3 _ 3 7 8 9 15 1 1 24 - _ _ 9 - - _ 70 3 - _ _ 88 - _ _ 94 - 6 - _ _ 145 30 - _ _ 14 24 14 22 3 _ 22 5 - _ _ 19 27 17 12 - 14 14 2 21 _ 23 20 22 of---- 6 70 245 28 24 20 27 41 87 34 - 4 10 - 5 14 1 _ - 3 18 10 1 _ 13 - - 29 3 4 " 5 5 - - 3 28 _ 5 17 _ 20 _ _ . - - - _ _ _ 2 11 " 9 ' 12 1 - " _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ 73 4 _ - 12 46 7 112 61 8 6 10 19 88 8 72 57 - 8 _ _ - 2 - 5 11 _ _ _ _ _ 23 4 - - 9 - 6 88 12 - - - 100 22 6 10 6 _ _ 7 5 7 - 22 13 25 12 77 4 - _ - 12 - 31 51 5 123 49 18 _ 12 1 5 - _ 94 30 16 _ _ 8 9 - 6 7 128 104 4 - 8 42 7 15 32 _ 33 23 43 _ 75 3 - 10 15 33 15 57 12 103 38 2 2 4 6 83 - - 20 418 _ 24 - - 2 446 3 - - 554 3 - - 8 6 446 _ - - E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , a n d l a t e s h if ts . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o llo w s : 3 a t $ 2. 30 to $ 2. 40; 8 a t $ 2. 60 to $ 2. 70. 1 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5.10 $ 5 .2 0 U nder and and $ 3 .4 0 u n d e r $.3.50. $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .1 0 $ 5.20 o v e r 30 221 69 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 22 _ _ 8 12 " 18 28 41 9 - 3 - - 4 6 3 - - - - - - _ 3 _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ " 4 - - - - 4 " _ _ _ _ " - “ - 8 - _ " " T a b le 11. O c c u p a tio n a l e arn in g s : T e x a s —L o u is ia n a G u lf C o a s t ( D is tr ib u tio n o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in p e tr o le u m r e fin e r ie s b y s tr a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 A p r il 1971) N um D e p a r tm e n t a n d o c c u p a tio n A ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ■ M a in te n a n c e : B o ile r m a k e r s C a r p e n t e r s ---E le c tr ic ia n s — H e l p e r s , t r a d e s ----------------I n s t r u m e n t r e p a i r m e n ------M a c h i n i s t s -------------------------M e c h a n ic , m a i n t e n a c e ------P ip e fitte rs W e ld e r s , h a n d P ro c e s s in g : C o m p o u n d e rs — L a b o r e r s -------L o a d e rs , ta n k c a r s o r t r u c k s ----------------------------P u m p m e n -------------------------P u m p m e n 's h e l p e r s ---------S t il lm e n ( c h ie f o p e r a t o r s ) S t il lm e n , a s s i s t a n t ( a s s i s t a n t o p e r a t o r s ) ---S t i l l m e n 's h e l p e r s ( o p e r a t o r s ' h e l p e r s ) -----T r e a t e r s , o i l -------------------T r e a t e r s , h e l p e r s , o i l ----I n s p e c t in g a n d t e s t in g : R o u tin e t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y ■ R e c o r d in g a n d c o n tr o l : S to c k c l e r k s ----------------------M a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t: T r u c k d r i v e r s ---------------------T r u c k e r s , p o w e r, o th e r th a n f o r k l i f t — --------------C u s to d ia l: G u a r d s ----------------------------J a n i t o r s ---------------------------- N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e ]h o u r ly e a r n i n g s A v er- 2 4 ,1 8 7 $ 4 . 63 663 $ 4 . 8 8 4. 8 8 319 460 4 . 94 41 4 4 . 05 588 4 . 95 656 4. 8 8 4 . 91 459 1 ,2 5 3 4 . 89 5 32 4 . 90 45 1,6 6 3 5. 05 3 .7 0 153 777 304 1,961 4 .4 6 4 . 82 4 . 69 5 .2 4 3 ,2 9 6 4 .7 9 1 ,354 2 80 138 4. 40 4 .7 8 4 .7 1 149 17 234 54 696 48 0 509 284 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 1,0 0 4 537 1,331 644 2 ,0 2 8 1,102 516 - - 4 5 8 7 ,5 7 5 3,731 2 _ _ _ - - _ _ - 9 _ 52 2 4 3 269 13 _ 32 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ 44 - 181 _ 16 _ 501 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 205 8 12 _ 262 _ 64 _ 34 _ 2 _ 8 _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ 42 _ 56 _ _ 4 3 110 - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - 216 280 131 6 - _ _ 166 8 11 - 287 149 8 - 14 2 25 14 115 180 15 295 36 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 49 _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 527 671 200 - - 110 143 1,937 651 - - - - - - - 52 _ 27 55 - - _ - 8 - 18 - - 8 - “ - _ 184 - - _ 39 - - 4 36 2 2 _ 223 4 18 _ 993 51 380 _ _ 849 76 - 18 12 54 8 262 275 _ - 496 283 940 361 _ 14 78 - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ - - - _ _ 356 15 28 4 _ _ 104 18 38 _ 8 11 39 230 19 _ 24 _ 6 148 70 178 64 57 37 100 842 36 186 26 12 _ 333 48 - 34 _ 81 _ 57 4 " - 25 12 38 62 - 922 4 . 90 - - - - - - 4 - 10 4 10 40 48 53 14 45 - 417 49 37 25 17 15 34 37 63 303 4 . 65 - - - - - - - 1 9 3 1 5 20 15 114 21 22 40 39 7 3 2 - 1 - - 296 4 . 01 240 87 47 36 4 .2 2 - - - - - 2 1 217 303 4 . 11 3. 64 8 2 _ _ _ 8 " " " “ “ 161 116 6 2 - - - 18 - 5 2 4 2 - 3 39 6 4 34 1 27 50 " 108 30 4 “ 4 - - - 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , 2 A ll w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 3 . 1 0 to $ 3 . 2 0 . 12 of— $ 3 .2 0 $ 5 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3.7 0 $ 3 .8 0 W w o $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .10 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .3 0 $ 5 .4 0 $ 5 .5 0 $ 5 .6 0 h o u r ly of U nder a nd w o rk - e a rn $ 3 .2 0 u n d e r el s m gs $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $3 .9C $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .1 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .3 0 $ 5 .4 0 $ 5 .5 0 $ 5 .6 0 ove r 31 a n d la t e s h if t s . “ - - T a b l e 1 2. O c c u p a t i o n a l e a rn in g s : T e x a s In la n d —N o r th L o u i s i a n a —A r k a n s a s (D is t r ib u tio n of w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in p e tr o le u m r e f in e r ie s by s tr a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 A p r il 1971) D e p a r tm e n t a n d o c c u p a tio n N um A v e r ber age h o u r ly of w o rk e a rn in g s e rs 36 A ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ----M a in t e n a n c e : B o i le r m a k e r s C a r p e n te r s E le c tr ic ia n s H e lp e rs , tr a d e s I n s t r u m e n t r e p a i r m e n -------M a c h i n i s t s --------------------------M e c h a n ic s, m a in te n a n c e — W e ld e r s , h a n d --------------------P ro c e s s in g : C o m p o u n d e r s ----------------------L a b o r e r s -----------------------------P u m p m e n -----------------------------P u m p m e n 's h e l p e r s ----------S t il lm e n ( c h ie f o p e r a t o r s ) S t il lm e n , a s s i s t a n t ( a s s i s t a n t o p e r a t o r s ) -------S t i l l m e n 's h e l p e r s ( o p e r a t o r s ' h e l p e r s ) -------T r e a t e r s , o i l ----------------------I n s p e c t in g a n d t e s t i n g : R o u tin e t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y R e c o r d in g a n d c o n tr o l : S to c k c l e r k s ------------------------M a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t: T r u c k d r i v e r s --------------------- -C u s t o d ia l : G u a r d s ---------------------------------- N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 26 54 92 46 35 80 67 $ 4. 4. 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 64 36 54 70 56 61 47 38 19 189 105 14 392 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 23 37 19 12 79 8 509 4. 48 363 74 4. 14 4. 18 235 4 . 10 28 3 .8 8 56 3 .9 1 40 3. 56 16 _ 3 63 24 40 78 55 175 148 173 163 251 266 510 of— - _ - - - 1 - 28 8 8 12 17 " - - - 23 - - - 14 5 28 49 - - - - " - - “ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - 3 - " 28 41 - 2 1 - - 12 - _ 40 - 166 39 8 - - 12 - - - 12 - - _ _ - - - _ 12 - 9 - 8 9 30 79 188 164 170 3 50 31 - - - - - - - 3 19 4 4 8 3 4 4 - 3 6 10 1 4 - - - 1 6 1 12 - - 5 11 7 4 - - - - 3 5 25 15 - 6 - 8 2 19 9 12 - 5 7 14 - - 19 - - _ 1 13 2 _ 18 4 9 34 - - 16 - - - 34 93 27 184 12 382 18 - 20 88 2 8 21 - 174 12 1 _ _ - - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - 2 - - - - - 84 - - 104 93 - 41 24 88 - 73 44 - - - - _ _ _ _ _ 4 - _ _ _ - - _ 1 _ - - - 4 68 - 4 36 13 5 - 64 5 - - " - 3 - - 41 41 16 - 5 16 18 - - - - - 9 15 - - 1 - 3 6 8 4 2 19 8 7 - - - 2 - - - - - - - - 20 4 - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , a n d l a t e s h i f t s . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s f o llo w s : 5 a t $ 2 .4 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 .5 0 ; 18 w o r k e r s a t $ 2 .5 0 to $ 2 . 6 0 . 1 $ 2 . 80 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 . 00 $ 3 . 10 $ 3 . 20 $ 3 . 30 $ 3 . 40 $ 3 . 50 $ 3 . 60 $ 3 . 70 $ 3 7 8 0 $ 3 . 9 0 $ 4 . 00 $ 4 . 1 0 $ 4 . 20 $ 4 . 30 $ 4 . 40 $ 4 . "SO$ 3 7 3 0 $ 4 . 70 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 . 90 $ 5 . 00 $ 5 . 10 $ 5 . 20 e r and a nd 80 u n d e r $ 2 . 90 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 . 10 $ 3 . 20 $ 3 . 30 $ 3 . 40 $ 3 . 50 $ 3 . 60 $ 3 . 70 $ 3 . 8 0 $ 3 . 90 $ 4 . 00 $ 4 . 1 0 $ 4 . 20 $ 4 . 30 $ 4 . 40 $ 4 . 50 $ 4 . 60 $ 4 . 70 $ 4 . 8 0 $ 4 . 90 $ 5 . 00 $ 5 . 10 $ 5 . 20 o v e r T a b l e 13. O c c u p a t i o n a l e a rn in g s : R o c k y M o u n ta in (D is t r ib u tio n o f w o r k e r s in s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in p e tr o le u m r e fin e r ie s by s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , 1 A p r il 1971) N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s D e p a r tm e n t a n d o c c u p a tio n A ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s — M a in te n a n c e : B o i l e r m a k e r s -------------------------C a r p e n t e r s ------------------------------E l e c t r i c i a n s --------------------------H e l p e r s , t r a d e s ---------------------I n s t r u m e n t r e p a i r m e n ----------M a c h i n i s t s ------------------------------M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e -----P i p e f i t t e r s ------------------------------W e ld e r s , h a n d -----------------------P r o c e s sin g : C o m p o u n d e r s --------------------------L a b o r e r s --------------------------------L o a d e rs , ta n k c a r s o r tru c k s P u m p m e n --------------------------------P u m p m e n 's h e l p e r s --------------S t il lm e n ( c h i e f o p e r a t o r s ) ----S t il lm e n , a s s i s t a n t ( a s s i s t a n t o p e r a t o r s ) ----------------------------S t i l l m e n 's h e l p e r s ( o p e r a t o r s ' h e l p e r s ) --------------------------------I n s p e c t in g a n d t e s t in g : R o u tin e t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y ----R e c o r d in g a n d c o n tr o l : S to c k c l e r k s ---------------------------M a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t: T r u c k d r i v e r s --------------------------C u s to d ia l: J a n i t o r s ------------------------------------ iN um oer of w o rk ers 1, 770 17 24 31 31 58 63 12 61 41 h o u r ly e a rn in g s $ 4 . 55 $4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 3 7 3 40 16 63 56 3 128 2 - 5 3 _ 6 6 _ 8 _ 6 - - 65 02 75 _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ - - - - - 8 - 2 1 66 - 85 75 72 216 4. 73 105 4 . 65 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 70 24 128 - - _ _ 3 5 4 _ _ _ _ - 16 - 3 - - " 61 66 38 76 78 06 82 4 . 30 14 4 . 11 33 13 - 3 7 - 37 _ 56 of— 21 - _ - - - _ - _ - _ - _ - 8 - 4 17 - 4 1 6 _ _ _ 4 2 12 _ _ 3 _ 24 _ 244 201 102 403 60 84 60 8 31 _ _ _ _ 2 6 _ _ 8 6 9 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 - 12 _ _ 12 26 29 _ 1 16 _ _ _ 6 _ - 16 11 28 18 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - " - _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ 8 4 3 _ _ 1 _ _ 30 _ _ 8 4 4 13 _ _ _ _ _ 4 19 1 42 79 16 - 2 16 16 _ - _ - _ - - 1 5 - - 30 63 8 107 - - 3 - - 6 5 4 8 57 - 25 - - - - - 31 12 3 1 13 12 - - 10 - - - - - 2 - - - - 1 - - - 3 - 3 - 1 - - - 4 - - - - - 4 . 21 - - - - - - - - - 15 8 4 - 4 - - - 2 - - - - - 3. 34 35 - 3 3 - 2 - - - - - E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , a n d la t e s h if t s . A ll w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 5 . 30 to $ 5 . 4 0 . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r i b u t e d a s fo llo w s : 1 a t $ 2 . 30 to $ 2 .4 0 ; 1 a t $ 2 . 60 to $ 2 . 7 0 ; 2 a t $ 2 . 80 to $ 2 . 9 0 ; a n d l a t 29 1 68 87 23 154 61 7 69 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 5. 7 119 1 1 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .1 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .3 0 U nder and a nd $ 3 .2 0 u n d e r $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .1 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .3 0 o v e r - $ 3 to $ 3 . 10. T a b l e 14. O c c u p a tio n a l e arn in g s: W e s t C o a s t ( D i s t r ib u t io n o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in p e tr o l e u m r e f i n e r i e s b y s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s , 1 A p r i l 1971) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s D e p a r tm e n t a n d o c c u p a tio n A ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s _______________ M a in te n a n c e : B o i l e r m a k e r s _____________________________ C a r p e n te r s . ............. .. E l e c t r i c i a n s __ ___________________ H e l p e r s , t r a d e s --------------------------------------I n s t r u m e n t r e p a i r m e n ----------------------------M a c h i n i s t s __________ _________ __________ P i p e f i t t e r s _______ _______ ________ ______ _ W e ld e r s , h a n d -----------------------------------------P ro c e s s in g : C o m p o u n d e r s ------------------------------------------L a b o r e r s --------------------------------------------------L o a d e r s , t a n k c a r s o r t r u c k s ___________ P a c k a g e f i l l e r s , m a c h i n e _______________ P u m p m e n _________________________________ P u m p m e n ’ s h e l p e r s --------------------------------S t il lm e n ( c h i e f o p e r a t o r s ) --------------------S tillm e n ’ s a s s i s ta n t ( a s s is ta n t o p e r a t o r s ) ______— __——_-_— ——_____ S t i l l m e n 's h e l p e r s ( o p e r a t o r s ' h e l p e r s ) -------------------------------------------------T r e a t e r s , o i l ------------------------------------------T r e a t e r s ' h e l p e r s , o i l ---------------------------I n s p e c t in g a n d t e s t i n g : R o u tin e t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y -----------------------R e c o r d in g a n d c o n t r o l : S to c k c l e r k s ---------------------------------------------M a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t: T r u c k d r i v e r s --------------------------------------------T r u c k e r s , p o w e r , f o r k l i f t --------------------C u s t o d ia l : G u a r d s ------------------------------------------------------J a n ito rs --------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 N um ber of w o rk e rs 9, 815 A v erag e h o u r ly e a rn in g s $ 4 . 65 1 $ 3 . 60 and under $ 3 . 70 $ 3. 80 $ 3 . 90 $ 4 . 00 $ 4 . 10 $ 4 . 20 $ 4 . 30 $ 4 . 40 $ 4 . 50 $ 4 . 60 $ 4 . 70 $ 4 . 80 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 . 90 $ 4 . 00 $ 4 . 70 $ 5 . 00 $ 5 . 10 $ 5 . 20 $ 5 . 30 $ 4 . 10 $ 4 . 20 $ 4 . 30 $ 4 . 40 $ 4 . 50 $ 4 . 60 $ 4 . 80 $ 4 . 90 $ 5 . 00 $ 5 . 10 $ 5 . 20 $ 5 . 30 57 479 319 323 315 566 557 590 1 ,4 7 8 564 724 2, 023 594 274 237 3439 _ _ _ 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 10 80 73 27 170 97 75 157 276 358 104 _ _ 44 14 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 14 _ _ 4 _ _ _ 20 _ _ _ _ 4 _ 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 _ 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 7 _ _ _ 24 32 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ 156 _ _ _ _ _ _ 188 _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 3 93 92 97 05 93 92 92 92 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 _ _ _ _ 47 89 64 30 227 72 711 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 5. 56 73 14 04 62 24 26 _ 49 _ . _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ _ - _ 24 _ _ _ 3 - - _ 16 _ 17 _ 5 - 4. 74 _ _ _ _ _ _ - 362 81 41 4. 27 4. 79 4. 48 _ _ 52 _ _ _ _ . - - - 31 _ - 10 37 _ - 232 4. 61 _ _ _ - - 51 4. 29 _ _ _ 2 174 38 4. 27 3. 97 _ _ _ _ _ 16 44 58 4. 03 3. 81 _ 25 _ 2 _ 23 _ _ 11 _ _ 5 20 _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 4 _ 7 - _ 9 1 _ _ _ _ 154 - 13 9 16 $ 5 . 40 20 8 - - - 106 16 616 373 177 90 95 _ _ _ 30 _ 5 108 _ 5 57 7 - 24 - 23 44 - _ 5 4 - _ - _ _ - _ 16 - _ 5 - _ _ - 14 12 64 9 30 26 7 12 22 24 4 - 8 4 - 10 27 - 8 - - - - - - - - 10 _ 50 _ - 30 - _ - - _ - - _ 1 39 - - 12 45 - _ 9 - - - - - - 19 - 19 - _ _ 6 _ _ _ _ _ - . _ - - " 8 “ - - - - - - - - E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , a n d l a te s h if t s . I n c lu d e s 2 w o r k e r s u n d e r $ 3 . 60. I n c lu d e s 18 w o r k e r s a t $ 5 . 4 0 a n d o v e r . $ 4 . 90 116 $4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 4. 1 ,4 7 3 of— 2160 128 130 187 356 431 131 180 110 1 $ 3. 70 - 20 - - 21 - T a b l e 15. M e t h o d of w a g e p a y m e n t ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in p e tr o le u m r e f i n e r i e s b y m e th o d of w a g e p a y m e n t, M e th o d of w a g e p a y m e n t U n ite d S ta te s E a s t C oast T im e -ra te d w o rk e rs F o r m a l p l a n s ------S in g le r a t e ------R a n g e of r a t e s I n d iv id u a l r a t e ----- 99 99 79 20 I n c e n tiv e w o r k e r s ■ ( 2) 2 W e ste rn P e n n s y lv a n ia W e s t V i r g in ia u d w e s t II 100 A ll w o r k e r s • 1 U n ite d S ta te s a n d r e g io n s , A p r il 1971) ( 2) 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 3 99 8 99 77 23 3 (2) 99 97 89 T exas— L o u i s ia n a G u lf C o a s t 100 99 55 45 ( 2) 86 14 ( 2) - T e x a s I n la n d N o r th L o u i s ia n a — A rk an sas R ocky M o u n ta in W e st C o a st 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 99 99 92 1 1 8 - (2) (2) - - - F o r d e f i n i ti o n of m e th o d of w a g e p a y m e n t, s e e a p p e n d ix A. L e s s th a n 0. 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s of in d iv id u a l i t e m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s . T a b l e 16. S c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u rs ( P e r c e n t of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in p e tr o l e u m r e f i n e r i e s b y s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s , W e e k ly h o u r s U n ited S t a te s E a st C oast U n ite d S t a te s a n d r e g i o n s , A p r i l 1971) W e ste rn P e n n s y lv a n ia W e s t V ir g in i a M id w e s t I M id w e s t II T exas— L o u is ia n a G u lf C o a s t T e x a s I n la n d N o r th L o u is ia n a — A rk a n sa s R ocky M o u n ta in W e st C o a st A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 40 h o u r s ---------------------------------------------------------42 h o u r s ---------------------------------------------------------- 98 100 100 94 100 98 98 100 100 “ 6 2 2 2 D a ta r e l a t e to th e p r e d o m in a n t w o r k s c h e d u le of f u l l - t i m e d a y - s h if t w o r k e r s in e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t . T a b l e 1 7. S h i f t d if f e r e n t ia l p r a c t ic e s ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s a s s i g n e d to r o ta tin g s h i f t s 1 in p e tr o le u m r e f i n e r i e s by a m o u n t of s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l , U n ite d S ta te s W e ste rn P e n n s y lv a n ia W e s t V i r g in i a E a st C oast M id w e s t I U n ite d S ta te s a n d r e g io n s , A p r il 1971) T e x a s I n la n d — 1 N o r th L o u i s ia n a — A rk an sas | T exas— L o u i s ia n a G u lf C o a s t M id w e s t II S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s R ocky M o u n ta in W e st C o a s t S c h e d u le s W o r k e r s a s s i g n e d to r o ta t in g s h i f t s --------R e c e iv in g s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l -----------------U n if o r m c e n ts p e r h o u r ------------------9 c e n ts —------- -—-—- —-—- ——---------1 0 c e n t s ---------------------------------------15 c e n t s ---------------------------------------18 c e n t s ---------------------------------------2 2 V2 c e nt s -----------------------------------30 c e n t s --------------------------------------R e c e iv in g p a id l u n c h o n l y -------------------R e c e iv in g p a id lu n c h p lu s c e n ts d i f f e r e n t i a l —-------- ------■ — ---------- — O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------R e c e iv i n g no s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l -------------- D ay E ve N ig h t n in g 1 6 .8 .6 - 1 6. 4 1 6 . 2 15. 0 14. 7 14. 7 15. 0 . 5 14. 7 14. 7 1 6 . 4 16. 2 12. 3 1 2 . 1 14. 7 13. 4 - ( 2) 14. 3 - - . - .6 . 16. 2 1.6 1 1 . 1 (2 ) . 1 (2) .2 13. 1 - D ay - E ve N ig h t D ay n in g .5 2. 7 .1 ( 2 ) 14. 5 - 12. 3 2. 4 " 12 2 - . - 1 W o r k e r s a s s i g n e d to r o t a t i n g s h if t s s u c e s s i v e l y w o r k e d o n th e l a b o r f o r c e a n d t h o s e o n o t h e r t y p e s , s u c h a s o s c il la t in g , a c c o u n te d f o r 2 L e s s t h a n 0. 05 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e of r o u n d in g , T a b le 18. 0 D ay 15. 3 15. 3 1 8 .9 .7 1 5 .3 15. 3 15. 3 15. 3 2. 2 1 .4 1 .4 1 1 .7 - - - 15. 0 " 1 .6 " E ve N ig h t n in g 1 1 .7 “ d a y , e v e n in g , . 1 p e rc e n t. .4 .3 18. 2 E ve N ig h t n in g D ay Eve N ig h t n in g 1 8 .6 1 8 .6 1 7 .9 18. 1 18. 1 1 4 .8 18. 0 - 18. 18. 18. 17. 3 .6 - - 18. - - - - 1 4 .8 - .4 .3 " 3. 0 .3 a n d n ig h t s c h e d u l e s . 1 8 .0 0 0 0 Eve N ig h t n in g D ay 17. 5 15. 3 17. 5 1 6 .8 - • - 0 1 6 .8 - ” D ay E ve N ig h t n in g 15. 2 15. 1 17. 7 16. 5 15. 2 15. 1 1 .3 16. 2 14. 0 13. 1 1 4 .9 - 13. 4 - - - .6 .7 15. 3 “ - - .6 12. 4 1 .3 . 1 “ 1 6 .4 1.2 2 “ 1 .3 .4 E ve N ight n in g 16. 4 26. 5 2 1 . 7 16. 1 2 1 .7 10. 1 2 1 .7 1 4 .9 - D ay - 10 . - - 1 - 5 .9 . 4 26. 5 2 1 .7 - - - . . 18. 21 21 1 1 1 D ay 17. 7 17. 0 1 6 .8 2.6 17. 0 1 6 .8 1 1 .9 1 1 .7 - 18. - - W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d o n f ix e d e x t r a s h if t s a c c o u n te d f o r l e s s t h a n - - 15. 1 5. 2 “ 3 p e rc e n t s u m s of in d iv id u a l i te m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s . P a i d h o lid a y s ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in p e t r o l e u m r e f i n e r i e s w ith f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s f o r p a id h o l id a y s , U n ite d S ta te s a n d r e g i o n s , A p r i l 1971) N u m b e r of p a id h o lid a y s A ll w o r k e r s --------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id h o l i d a y s ----------------------------------------------------------7 d a y s ----------------------------------------------------------8 d a y s ----------------------------------------------------------9 d a y s ----------------------------------------------------------1 0 d a y s ---------------------------------------------------------1 0 d a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y -----------------------------1 1 d a y s ---------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: B e c a u s e of ro u n d in g , T exas— L o u i s ia n a G u lf C o a s t T e x a s I n la n d N o r th L o u i s ia n a — A rk an sas U n ite d S ta te s E a st C oast W e ste rn P e n n s y lv a n ia W e st V i r g in i a M id w e s t I M id w e s t II 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 “ 16 84 “ 5 82 3 67 5 6 3 4 25 45 48 7 - s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a l s . 11 84 5 - 7 88 5 “ 97 1 “ R ocky M o u n ta in ~ 9 91 ■ “ W e st C o a s t ” - 59 “ 41 1 1 .9 - 2.6 1 3. 0 - E ve N ight ning - 1 1 .7 5. 2 “ of th e T a b le 19. P a id v ac atio n s ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in p e tr o le u m r e f i n e r i e s w ith f o r m a l p r o v is io n s f o r p a id v a c a tio n s , V a c a tio n p o lic y A ll w o r k e r s -------------------------------------------- U n ite d S ta te s a n d r e g io n s , A p r il 1971) U n ited S t a te s E a st C oast W e s te r n P e n n s y lv a i n a — W e st V i r g in i a M id w e st I M id w e s t II T exas— L o u i s ia n a G u lf C o a s t T e x a s I n la n d N o r th L o u i s ia n a — A rk a n sa s R ocky M o u n ta in W e st C o a s t 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - " - 4 73 27 100 100 100 95 " 7 93 1 2 - - 100 99 98 100 100 M e th o d of p a y m e n t W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id v a c a t i o n s -----------------------------------------------L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t --------------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ----------------------------------O t h e r ----------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 96 4 - 81 19 15 85 19 81 - 23 77 - 13 87 - 95 5 91 9 14 87 - 4 96 - 95 5 - - 81 19 4 2 A m o u n t o f v a c a tio n p a y 1 A fte r 1 y e a r of s e r v ic e : 1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------A fte r 2 y e a r s of s e r v ic e : 1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------ — 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ------------------------A f t e r 3 y e a r s of s e r v i c e : 1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ------------------ -----3 w e e k s — --------------------------------------------— — A f te r 5 y e a r s of s e r v ic e : O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ------------------------2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 2 w e e k s — -------------------------------------------------- 3 w e e k s — ----------------------------------------———- — 4 w e e k s —----------------------------------------------------A f t e r 15 y e a r s of s e r v i c e : 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------3 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s —----------------------------------------------------5 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ------------------------3 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------ 5 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------A f t e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ------------------------4 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------5 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------M a x im u m v a c a t i o n p a y a v a i l a b l e : 3 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ------------------------3 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------5 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------6 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------- 3 97 (2) 1 97 1 ( 2) 1 4 95 - 100 100 - - - 100 100 100 - - - - - - - - 100 100 100 100 - - - - - - - 11 - 6 94 100 100 90 100 94 4 - 2 2 8 - 6 98 90 100 94 - 2 8 68 22 - 5 94 100 14 67 19 94 5 95 1 2 - 32 4 - - - 96 100 68 96 100 98 - - - - - - 23 58 19 4 96 - - 2 1 100 97 - - 4 - - 5 95 23 77 1 1 ( 2) 1 1 3 95 (2) 1 2 97 (2 ) 1 1 2 96 (2 ) - - 100 5 95 - - - - 5 95 " 23 77 _ 2 _ 96 4 - 96 “ _ 2 - - - - 100 100 - - 8 - - 90 100 100 2 - - 2 - - _ - 8 _ _ 100 98 90 - - 2 - - - 2 - _ - 100 100 ■ ■ - - 8 100 98 " 83 7 - 100 100 1 V a c a tio n p a y m e n ts , s u c h a s p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s , w e r e c o n v e r t e d to a n e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s i s . P e r i o d s of s e r v i c e w e r e c h o s e n a r b i t r a r i l y a nd do not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t th e in d iv id u a l e s ta b l is h m e n t p r o v is i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n . F o r e x a m p le , th e c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t io n s i n d ic a te d a t 10 y e a r s m a y in c lu d e c h a n g e s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s . 2 L e s s th a n 0. 5 p e r c e n t . 3 E s t i m a t e s of p r o v is i o n s f o r 30 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e a r e i d e n t i c a l . NOTE: B ecause of ro u n d in g , sum s o f in d iv id u a l i t e m s m ay not eq u al to ta ls . T a b le 2 0 . H e a lth , in suran ce, and re tire m e n t plans ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in p e tr o le u m r e f i n e r i e s w ith s p e c if ie d h e a lth , i n s u r a n c e , T y p e o f b e n e f it a n d f in a n c in g 1 A ll w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L ife i n s u r a n c e ----------------------------------------N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s ----------------------A c c i d e n t a l d e a th a n d d i s m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e ----------------------------------------------N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s ----------------------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u ra n c e o r s ic k le a v e o r b o th 2 ------------------------------S i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e -----N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s -----------------S ic k l e a v e ( fu ll p a y , no w a itin g p e r i o d ) ---------------------------------------------S ic k l e a v e ( p a r t i a l p a y o r w a itin g p e r i o d ) ---------------------------------------------H o s p i ta l iz a t io n i n s u r a n c e ----------------------C o v e r in g e m p l o y e e s o n l y -----------------C o v e r in g e m p l o y e e s a n d t h e i r d e p e n d e n t s ---------------------------------------N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s -----------------N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p la n s f o r e m p l o y e e s ; c o n t r i b u t o r y p la n s f o r d e p e n d e n ts ---------------------------S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e ---------------------------------C o v e r in g e m p l o y e e s o n l y -----------------C o v e r in g e m p l o y e e s a n d t h e i r d e p e n d e n t s ---------------------------------------N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s -----------------N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p la n s f o r e m p l o y e e s ; c o n t r i b u t o r y p la n s f o r d e p e n d e n t s ---------------------------M e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e ---------------------------------C o v e r in g e m p l o y e e s o n l y -----------------C o v e r in g e m p l o y e e s a n d t h e i r d e p e n d e n t s ---------------------------------------N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s -----------------N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p la n s f o r e m p l o y e e s ; c o n t r i b u t o r y p la n s f o r d e p e n d e n ts ---------------------------M a jo r m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e ----------------------C o v e r in g e m p l o y e e s o n l y -----------------C o v e r in g e m p l o y e e s a n d t h e i r d e p e n d e n t s ---------------------------------------N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s -----------------N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p la n s f o r e m p l o y e e s ; c o n t r i b u t o r y p la n s f o r d e p e n d e n t s ---------------------------R e t i r e m e n t p la n s 3 ---------------------------------P e n s i o n s ---------------------------------------------N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s -----------------S e v e r a n c e p a y ------------------------------------- an d r e tir e m e n t p la n s , U n ite d S ta te s a n d r e g io n s , T exas— L o u is ia n a G u lf C o a s t A p r il 1971) T e x a s I n la n d N o r th L o u i s ia n a — A rk a n sa s R ocky M o u n ta in W e st C o a s t U n ite d S ta te s E a st C oast W e ste rn P e n n y 1v a n ia — W e st V i r g in i a 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 38 100 100 100 100 100 100 73 29 41 28 91 48 100 34 80 59 57 16 50 93 55 56 4 68 17 54 19 84 40 49 35 54 15 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 41 41 100 86 100 27 16 18 8 16 9 25 63 8 23 7 46 18 18 18 67 62 7 60 87 67 71 59 77 11 100 26 29 23 100 100 2 100 11 100 98 7 100 100 “ “ 6 M id w e s t I M id w e s t II 26 33 55 32 100 100 100 100 3 18 - " - 97 5 82 100 100 55 9 100 11 - 100 1 15 25 9 26 19 44 100 21 100 „ 100 100 100 100 100 18 - - - - 100 2 100 3 - " 97 5 82 " 100 100 100 9 98 7 100 55 100 11 ~ ■ 21 100 9 26 19 44 100 100 100 100 2 100 100 - - - 100 1 98 7 100 100 ■ ~ 9 98 - 26 19 100 2 100 - 44 95 - 98 7 100 95 . 15 25 100 100 3 18 - - 97 5 82 - 100 100 55 9 100 11 15 96 3 25 91 18 21 86 93 4 73 " 86 42 100 100 100 100 19 21 100 100 75 60 24 74 24 14 12 . 100 1 94 - 100 94 9 100 11 98 100 100 86 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 51 12 94 4 69 28 59 14 53 24 - 1 9 26 ~ 19 44 1 " N o n c o n t r i b u to r y p l a n s " in c lu d e o n ly t h o s e p la n s fin a n c e d e n t i r e l y by th e e m p l o y e r . L e g a lly r e q u i r e d p la n s s u c h a s w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a ti o n a n d s o c ia l s e c u r i t y a r e e x c lu d e d ; h o w e v e r , p l a n s r e q u i r e d by S ta te t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i l i t y i n s u r a n c e la w s a r e in c lu d e d if th e e m p l o y e r c o n tr i b u te s m o r e t h a n is l e g a l ly r e q u i r e d o r th e e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e b e n e f i ts in e x c e s s of le g a l r e q u i r e m e n t s . 2 U n d u p lic a te d t o t a l of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g s ic k le a v e o r s i c k n e s s a n d a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 3 U n d u p lic a te d t o t a l of w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by p e n s io n s o r r e t i r e m e n t s e v e r a n c e p a y sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . T a b le 21. O th e r s e le c te d b e n e fits ( P e r c e n t of p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in p e tr o l e u m r e f i n e r i e s p r o v id in g f u n e r a l le a v e p a y , t h r i f t o r s a v in g s p la n s , U n ite d S ta te s a n d r e g i o n s , A p r i l 1971) Ite m W o r k e r s in e s ta b l is h m e n t s w ith p r o v is io n s f o r : F u n e r a l le a v e p ay -----------------------J u r y d u ty p a y -----------------------------T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e ^ p a y 1 ---T h r if t o r s a v in g s p la n s 2 ------------ W o r k e r s in e s ta b l is h m e n t s w ith p r o v is i o n s f o r : F u n e r a l le a v e p a y -------------------------------------------J u r y d u ty p ay ------------------------------------------------T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v e r a n c e p a y 1 ---------------------T h r if t o r s a v in g s p la n s 2 ------------------------------- U n ite d S ta te s 100 99 65 85 j u r y d u ty p a y , se v era n c e pay, and W e ste rn P e n n s y lv a n i a — W e s t V ir g in i a M id w e s t I M id w e s t II 100 88 100 100 100 100 48 97 45 19 79 91 81 79 T exas— L o u is ia n a G u lf C o a s t T e x a s I n la n d s N o r th L o u is ia n a — _____ A r k a n s a s R ocky M o u n ta in W e st C oast 100 100 100 100 90 83 100 100 100 100 100 100 70 95 E ast C oast 100 P a y to e m p lo y e e s p e r m a n e n tl y s e p a r a t e d f r o m th e c o m p a n y th r o u g h no f a u l t of t h e i r ow n. I n c lu d e s o n ly th o s e p la n s to w h ic h th e e m p l o y e r m a k e s m o n e t a r y c o n tr i b u ti o n s b e y o n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e c o s t. 100 35 56 A p p e n d ix A . S c o p e and M e th o d o f S u rv e y auxiliary units such as central offices and research labora tories are excluded. Scope of survey The survey includes establishments primarily engaged in producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, and other products from crude petroleum, and its fractionation products either through straight distillation of crude oil, redistillation of unfinished petroleum derivatives, cracking or other processes (industry 2911 as defined in the 1967 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual prepared by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget). Separate The establishments studied were selected from those employing 100 workers or more at the time of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists. The number of establishments and workers studied by the Bureau, as well as the number estimated to be within scope of the survey during the payroll period studied, are shown in table A-l. Table A-1. Estimated number of establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied, petroleum refining industry, April 1971 Num ber of establishm ents W ith in scope o f s tu d y W ith in R egion 1 W orkers in es tab lish m en ts 2 A c tu a lly scope o f stu d ied stu d y U n ite d States T o ta l 3 P ro d u c tio n w o rke rs A c tu a lly stu d ied T o ta l3 .................................................... 185 109 9 8 ,0 7 3 6 9 ,8 3 1 7 2 ,3 4 1 1 2 ,0 7 6 East C o a s t .......................................................................... 20 13 1 4 ,2 6 3 1 0 ,6 0 2 W estern P enn sylvan ia—W est V i r g i n i a ................... 12 9 2 ,7 4 8 2 ,1 3 1 2 ,2 8 2 M id w e s t 1 ............................................................................. 33 17 1 6 ,3 8 7 1 1 ,5 6 8 1 1 ,3 9 0 M id w e s t I I .......................................................................... 29 17 8 ,8 6 2 6 ,4 2 8 6 ,6 2 2 T e x a s — Lo uisiana G u lf C o a s t .................................... 34 21 3 4 ,0 1 0 2 4 ,1 8 7 2 3 ,7 9 2 Texas In la n d —N o rth L o u is ia n a —A rkansas . . . . 20 10 4 ,5 4 5 3 ,3 3 0 3 ,1 8 2 R o c k y M o u n ta in ............................................................... 14 9 2 ,7 9 8 1 ,7 7 0 1 ,9 8 7 W est C o a s t .......................................................................... 23 13 1 4 ,4 6 0 9 ,8 1 5 1 1 ,0 1 0 T h e regions used in this s tu d y in clu d e : E a s t C o a st—C o n n e c tic u t. D e la w a re , D is tric t o f C o lu m b ia , F lo rid a , G e o rg ia, M a in e , M a ry la n d , M assachusetts, N e w H am p s h ire , N e w Jersey, N e w Y o r k , N o rth C a ro lin a , R h o d e Island , S o u th C a ro lin a , V e r m o n t, V irg in ia , and th e fo llo w in g co u n tie s in P ennsylvania: B ra d fo rd , C o lu m b ia , D a u p h in , M o n to u r , N o rth u m b e rla n d , S u lliv a n , Y o r k , a nd all c oun ties east th e r e o f; W e s te rn P e n n s y lv a n ia —W e s t V i r g in ia — W est V irg in ia and those c o u n tie s in P ennsylvania n o t in clu d e d in th e East C oast region; M id w e s t I —I llin o is In d ia n a , K e n tu c k y , M ic h ig a n , O h io , and Tennessee; M id w e s t I I —Io w a . Kansas, M in n e s o ta , M issouri, N eb ra s k a, N o r th D a k o ta , O k la h o m a , S o u th D a k o ta , and W isconsin; T e x a s —Lo u is ia n a G u lf C o a st— th e fo llo w in g c o u n tie s in Te x a s: Aransas, B ra zo ria , C a lh o u n , C a m e ro n , C ham bers, F o r t B end, G a lv e s to n , H a rd in , H arris, Jackson, Jasper, J effe rs o n , K e n e d y , K le b e rg , L ib e rty , M a tag o rd a , M o n tg o m e ry , N e w to n , Nueces, O range, P o lk , R e fu g io , San J a c in to , San P a tric io , T y le r , V ic to r ia , W a lle r, W h a rto n , an d W illa c y ; th e fo llo w in g parishes in Lo uisiana: A v o ye lle s, E ast F e lic ia n a , P o in te C o u p ee, T a n g ip a h o a , V e rn o n , R apides, W ash in g to n , and W est F e lic ia n a , and all parishes south th e re o f; th e fo llo w in g c o u n tie s in Mississippi: G eorge, H a n c o c k , H arris o n , Jackson, Pearl R iv er, and S to n e ; an d th e fo llo w in g co u n tie s in A la b a m a : B ald w in and M o b ile ; Texas In la n d —N o r th L o u is ia n a — A rk a n s a s — A rkansas a nd N e w M e x ic o a nd those parts o f th e S tates o f A la b a m a , Lo uis ia n a , M ississippi, and T e x a s n o t in c lu d e d in th e T e x a s —Lo uisiana G u lf C oast; R o c k y M o u n ta in -— C o lo ra d o , Id a h o , M o n ta n a , U ta h , and W y o m in g ; and W a st C n a s t — A riz o n a , C a lifo rn ia , N evada, O re g o n , an d W ashin gton . A laska and H a w a ii w ere e x c lu d e d fr o m th e survey. 2 In cludes o n ly esta b lis h m e n ts w ith 1 0 0 w o rk e rs or m o re a t th e tim e o f refe re n c e o f th e universe data. In clu d e s e x e c u tiv e , professional, o ffic e cle ric al, a nd o th e r w o rk e rs e x c lu d e d f r o m th e p ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs c ate g o ry show n sep a ra te ly . 26 Method of study Wage data Data were obtained by personal visits of Bureau field staff. The survey was conducted on a sample basis. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied. In combining the data, however, all estab lishments were given their appropriate weight. All estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry, excluding only those below the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe data. Information on wages relates to straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive payments, such as those resulting from production bonus systems, and cost-of-living bonuses were included as a part of the worker’s regular pay; but nonproduction bonus payments such as Christmas or yearend bonuses were excluded. Average (mean) hourly rates or earnings for each oc cupation or other group of workers, such as production workers, were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number of in dividuals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were obtained by dividing their straight-time salary by normal rather than actual hours. Establishment definition An establishment, for purposes of this study, is defined as a single physical location where industrial operations are performed. An establishment is not neces sarily identical with the company, which may consist of one or more establishments. The terms “establishment” and “refinery” have been used interchangeably in this report. Employment The estimates of the number of workers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The advance planning necessary to make a wage survey requires the use of lists of establishments assembled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied. Production workers The term “production workers,” as used in this report, includes working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers engaged in nonoffice functions. Administrative, exec utive, professional, and technical personnel, and forceaccount construction employees, who were utilized as a separate work force on the firm’s own properties, were excluded. Occupations selected for study Tabulations by size of community pertain to metro politan and nonmetropolitan areas. The term “metro politan area,” as used in this bulletin, refers to the Stan dard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA’s) as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through January 1968. Except in New England, a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area is defined as a county or group of con tiguous counties which contain at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more. Counties contiguous to the one containing such a city are included in a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially metropolitan in character and are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In New England, the city and town are administratively more important than the county, and they are the units used in defining Standard Metro politan Statistical Areas for that region. Method of wage payment Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the number of workers paid under the various wage systems. Formal rate structures for time-rated workers provide single rates or a range of rates for individual job categories. In the absence of a formal rate structure, pay rates are determined primarily with reference to the qualifications of the individual worker. A single rate structure is one in which the same rate is paid to all experienced workers in the same job classification. Learners, apprentices, or probationary workers may be paid according to rate schedules which start below the single rate and permit the workers to achieve the full job rate over a period of time. Individual experienced Occupational classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of inter establishment and interarea variations in duties within the same job. (See appendix B for these descriptions.) The occupations were chosen for their numerical impor tance, their usefulness in collective bargaining, or their representativeness of the entire job scale in the industry. Working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers were not reported in the data for selected occupations but were included in the data for all production workers. Size of community 27 common practices, but they do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 years of service include changes which occurred between 5 and 10 years. workers occasionally may be paid above or below the single rate for special reasons, but such payments are regarded as exceptions. Range-of-rate plans are those in which the minimum and/or maximum rates paid experi enced workers for the same job are specified. Specific rates of individual workers within the range may be determined by merit, length of service, or a combination of various concepts of merit and length of service. Incentive workers are classified under bonus plans. Production bonuses are based on production in excess of a quota or for completion of a job in less than standard time. Scheduled weekly hours Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work schedule for full-time production workers employed on the day shift. Shift practices Data relate to workers employed under the conditions specified. Workers assigned to rotating shifts work suc cessively on day, evening, and night shifts. Workers assigned to oscillating shifts have work schedules which alternate between two periods of time (e.g., midnight to 8 a.m., 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.) but do not make the full cycle as under rotating shift arrangements. Workers assigned to fixed shifts work regularly on either a day, evening, or night schedule. Supplementary wage provisions Supplementary benefits were treated statistically on the basis that if formal provisions were applicable to half or more of the production workers in an establish ment, the benefits were considered applicable to all such workers. Similarly, if fewer than half of the workers were covered, the benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because of length-of-service and other eligibility requirements, the proportion of workers receiving the benefits may be smaller than estimated. Paid holidays. Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day and half-day holidays provided annually. Paid vacations. The summary of vacation plans is limited to formal arrangements, excluding informal plans where by time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer or the supervisor. Payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 per cent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 week’s pay. The periods of service for which data are presented were selected as representative of the most 28 Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Data are pre sented for health, insurance, pension, and retirement severance pay plans for which all or a part of the cost is borne by the employer, excluding programs required by law, such as workmen’s compensation and social security. Among the plans included are those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those paid directly by the employer from his current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer con tributes at least a part of the cost. However, in New York and New Jersey, where temporary disability insurance laws require employer contributions,1 plans are included only if the employer (1) contributes more than is legally required or (2) provides the employees with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker’s pay during absence from work because of illness; informal arrangements have been omitted. Sepa rate tabulations are provided according to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for com plete or partial payment of doctors’ fees. Such plans may be underwritten by a commercial insurance company or a nonprofit organization, or they may be a form of self-insurance. Major medical insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical insurance, includes the plans designed to cover employees in case of sickness or injury involving an expense which exceeds the normal coverage of hospi talization, medical, and surgical plans. Tabulations ■of retirement pensions are limited to plans which provide regular payments for the remainder of the retiree’s life. Data are presented separately for retirement severance pay (one payment or several over a specified period of time) made to employees on retire ment. Establishments providing both retirement sever ance pay and retirement pensions to employees were 1 The temporary disability insurance laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. considered as having both retirement pension and retire ment severance plans. Establishments having optional plans providing employees a choice of either retirement ' severance pay or pensions were considered as having only retirement pension benefits. Technological severance pay. Data relate to formal pro visions for severance pay to workers permanently sepa rated from employment as a result of force reduction arising out of the introduction of new equipment or from department or unit closings. Paid funeral and jury duty leave. Data for paid funeral and jury duty leave are limited to formal plans which provide at least partial payment for time lost as a result of attending funerals of specified family members or serving as a juror. Thrift or savings plans. Thrift or savings plans are limited to those to which the employer made monetary con tributions, beyond administrative costs. 29 A p p e n d i x B. O ccu p atio n al D e s c rip tio n s The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field staff are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. Boilermaker, maintenance Compounder Assembles and repairs boilers, tanks, and pressure vessels. Work involves most o f the following: Inter preting written instructions, specifications, and blue prints; planning and laying out work; using a variety of hand and power tools and applying knowledge of the working properties of metals; and positioning, alining, fitting, and joining together parts (by bolting, welding, or other means) in assembly and repair work. In general, the boilermaker’s work normally requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Blender) Blends or compounds various lubricating oils and/or greases according to specifications. Work involves most o f the following: Ascertaining location of various oils to be compounded and pumping or arranging for pump men to transfer oils to proper lines; regulating valves to admit specified quantities of various ingredients to mixing tank, following prescribed formulas; setting air and heat controls on kettles and tanks as necessary; maintaining record of composition, quantities of com ponents used, density, and/or other pertinent infor mation. May make simple control tests to determine whether products are meeting specifications. In addition, may also blend new mixtures of oils and submit them to laboratory for analysis. Carpenter, maintenance Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, parti tions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of work from blue prints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Electrician, maintenance Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heat ing units, conduit systems, or other transmission equip ment; working from blueprints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in 30 and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window wash ing are excluded. the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements o f wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In .general, the work of the maintenance electrician re quires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Laborer Performs miscellaneous laboring tasks in plants or outside work areas, that require no formal training or previous experience. Generally, learning how to do the work is limited to gaining a familiarity with work areas, with acceptable ways of doing specific tasks, and with safety regulations. Usually average standards of perfor mance are attained after a brief period of service. Specific assignments among laboring tasks include: Loading and unloading, stacking, interprocess moving of materials, cleaning work areas and equipment, digging and shoveling. Tools such as crowbars, picks, shovels, wheelbarrows, hand trucks, and other lifting and ex cavating devices may be employed on specific assignments. Guard Performs routine plant protection duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are sta tioned at gate and check on identity o f employees and other persons entering. Helper, trades, maintenance Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, machine, and equip ment; assisting worker by holding materials or tools; performing other semiskilled or unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades, the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools, and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. Loader, tank cars or trucks (Rackman; tank-car loader; topman; truck loader) Loads gasoline, kerosene, and/or various oils into tank cars or trucks according to specifications. Work involves: Connecting or assisting in connecting hose to coupling, or swinging loading spout over dome; opening valves to allow liquid to flow into tank, or starting or notifying pumpman to start pumps, and filling tank to proper level. May perform a variety of other tasks relating to shipment of product. May gage or sample shipping tanks. Instrument repairman Installs, maintains, adjusts, and repairs manual, pneu matic, electric, and/or electronic measuring, recording, and regulating instruments in a refinery. Work involves most o f the following: Inspecting, testing, and adjusting instruments periodically, determining cause of trouble in instruments not functioning properly and making necessary repairs or adjustments; disconnecting inaccurate or damaged instruments and replacing them; examining mechanism and cleaning parts; replacing worn or broken parts; assembling instruments and installing them on test ing apparatus; and calibrating instruments to established standard. Machinist, maintenance Produces replacement parts and new parts for mechan ical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist’s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals and other materials; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for his work; fitting and asembling parts. In general, the machin ist’s work normally requires a rounded training in machine shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Janitor (Day porter; sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, or other establishment. Duties involve a combination o f the following: Sweeping, mopping, and/or scrubbing 31 oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal ap prenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. Mechanic, general Performs the work of two or more skilled mainten ance trades rather than specializing in one trade or one type of maintenance work. The classification includes workers regularly performing at least two types of skilled maintenance work, such as pipefitting, boiler making, insulating, welding, machining, machine and equipment repairing, carpentry, and electrical work, among others. In general, the work of a general me chanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Exclude workers who make only minor repairs or adjustments. Pumpman Mechanic, maintenance (Pumper; transfer pumper; water pumper) Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diag nose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that involve mainly the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. Is responsible for operating one or more power-driven pumps to produce forced circulation of petroleum prod ucts and water through units during processing, or to effect the movement of water, chemical solutions, or petroleum products from one tank or processing unit to another or between tanks and processing units to points of loading or unloading trucks, tank cars, or boats. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting specifications to determine which lines should be used for individual liquids; connecting lines from pumps to storage tanks or processing units; regulating pipeline valves so that liquids are pumped according to written specifications or oral instructions; checking measuring instruments or gaging contents of storage tanks; main taining operational records or log. May draw samples from tanks or pipelines for laboratory analysis, or may make specific gravity, visual color, or other tests to determine whether products are meeting specifications. Exclude gagers whose primary duties involve measuring quantity and temperature o f oil in storage tanks and controling flow o f oil into pipelines. Package filler, machine Tends the operation of an automatic or semiautomatic machine which fills containers with specified weight or amount of commodity being packaged. Work involves one or more o f the following: Feeding empty containers to machine; making minor adjustments to weighing or dispensing devices in order to maintain proper operation; removing filled containers from machine. Workers who tend filling machines that also cap or close filled con tainers, are included. Pumpman's helper Opens and closes pipeline valves at direction of pump man to divert flow of liquids to proper location. May assist in starting or stopping pumps. May gage contents of tanks, draw samples of products through bleeder valves on pipelines for laboratory analysis, or make specific gravity and color tests. Pipefitter, maintenance Routine tester, laboratory Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipe fittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or Performs various standard laboratory tests on dif ferent petroleum products to determine certain chemical and/or physical properties of the product, and submits results of the tests to operators of the various depart ments, by which they control the distillation and treating 32 of the products. Work involves: Making various tests, such as viscosity, specific gravity, flash and fire points, color, pour, water and sediment, melting point, penetra tion, doctor solution, distillation and corrosion; sub mitting results to chemist or to heads of processing units. May interpret results of tests. Chemists and laboratory laborers (bottle washers, etc.) are excluded. Stillman's helper (Operator helper; still fireman) Tends operation of burners to maintain required temperature in furnace o f a petroleum products still. Work involves most o f the following: Following instruc tions received from Stillman or Stillman’s helper of pre vious shift specifying temperature to be maintained; reading temperature, pressure, and flow gages to deter mine operation of still, and adjusting valves controlling flow of fuel to burners; observing color of burner flames or gas issuing from stack, and regulating supply of air to obtain correct combustion; recording gage and meter readings and/or other pertinent information on log sheet or other records; reporting irregularities o f still operation to Stillman. May clean burners and/or remove and replace plates covering openings that provide access to interior of still for cleaning. Stillman (Chief operator; first operator; process operator) Is responsible for the operation of one or a battery of stills (e.g., straight-run, combination units, and hydro, catalytic, and other cracking stills) in which crude or other oil is heated and separated into its various com ponents. Work involves: Directing and coordinating the activities of the various crew members on the still; inter preting instructions and operational requirements; keep ing informed of operating conditions; patrolling entire unit periodically to check on operating conditions; observing instrument indications and chart records of rates, pressures, temperatures, liquid levels, etc.; directing the drawing of periodic samples; interpreting results of tests; making or directing operation and control changes as necessary to maintain operations within specified tolerances; maintaining or directing the preparation of daily operational log or other records; preparing equip ment for maintenance work and directing repairs. May be required to use computer data in certain phases of work. Stillmen on one-man operations are excluded. Stock clerk Receives, stores, and issues equipment, material, merchandise, or tools in a stockroom or storeroom. Work involves a combination o f the following: Checking incoming orders; storing supplies; applying identifications to articles; issuing supplies; taking periodic inventory or keeping perpetual inventory; making up necessary re ports; requesting or ordering supplies when needed. Stockroom laborers, tool crib attendants, and em ployees who supervise stock clerks and laborers are excluded. Treater Stillman, assistant (Treater, first class) (Assistant operator; control man; first helper) Is responsible for the treating of gasoline, kerosene, distilled oils, light oils, naphthas, wax, and other petro leum products with chemicals, steam, water, or air to remove sulphur and/or other impurities. Work involves most o f the following: Interpreting instructions and operational requirements; making frequent inspections of units to check on operations; observing and recording readings of temperature, pressure, flow gages and meters; making or directing operation and control changes as necessary to maintain operations; maintaining daily log or other operational records; preparing equipment for maintenance work and testing equipment after repairs have been made. May direct activities of one or more helpers, may operate pumps to circulate liquids through the units. Helps Stillman maintain operation of stills (e.g., straight-run, combination units, and hydro, catalytic, and other cracking stills) in which crude or other oil is heated and separated into its various components. Work involves most o f the following: Patrolling unit or instru ment panel regularly to check on operations; observing instrument indications of pressures, temperatures, liquid levels, etc., and recording readings on log or other operational records; maintaining desired liquid levels in equipment and controlling temperatures; adjusting or regulating manual or automatic controls to maintain operations within specified tolerances; drawing periodic samples and/or running tests such as specific gravity, viscosity, etc., reporting frequently to Stillman as to operating condition of unit; lubricating and cleaning equipment. May check operation and adjust speed of pumps which circulate products through unit, may make minor repairs to equipment. Treater's helper (Treater, second class) Assists treater in treating gasoline, kerosene, oils, wax, 33 and other petroleum products with chemicals, steam, water, or air to remove sulphur and/or other impurities. Work involves most o f the following: Patrolling unit regularly to check on operations and/or equipment; making operating and control changes as directed; draw ing off water and spent chemicals after treatment and separation, by valve manipulation; mixing chemical treating solution and adding treating chemicals to oil; manipulating valves to charge equipment with oils to be treated and to maintain level of oil and solutions in equipment; maintaining daily log or other operational records. May operate or regulate speed of pumps to circulate liquids through unit, or make chemical, specific gravity, color, or other tests to determine whether treating process is being carried on properly. Trucker, power Operates a manually-controlled gasoline- or electricpowered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) Watchman Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. Welder, hand, maintenance Performs the welding duties necessary to maintain plant machinery and equipment in good repair, by fusing (welding) metal objects together in the fabrication of metal shapes and in repairing broken or cracked metal objects. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out work from written or oral instructions and specifications; knowledge of welding properties of a variety of metals and alloys; setting up of work and determining operation sequence; welding a variety of items as necessary; ability to weld with gas and arc apparatus. In general, the work of the maintenance welder requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Truckdriver Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to trans port materials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments and/or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. 34 In d u s try W age S tu d ie s The most recent reports for industries included in the Bureau’s program of industry wage surveys since January 1960 are listed below. Copies are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintI. ing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402, or any of its regional sales offices, and from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C., 20212, or from any of its regional offices shown on the inside back cover. Occupational Wage Studies Manufacturing Price Basic Iron and Steel, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1602 .......................................................................................................$0.55 Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1732 ........................................................................... 45 Cigar Manufacturing, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1581................................................................................................................ 25 Cigarette Manufacturing, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1472..........................................................................................................20 Cotton and Man-Made Fiber Textiles, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1637............................................................................. 1.00 Fabricated Structural Steel, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1695 ................................................................................................... 50 Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1531 ........................................................................................................30 Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1576 .................................................................................... 25 Fluid Milk Industry, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1464 ................................................................................................................ 30 Footwear, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1634 ................................................................................................................................75 Hosiery, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1562 .................................................................................................................................... 70 Industrial Chemicals, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1529 .............................................................................................................. 40 Iron and Steel Foundries, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1626 ................................................................................................ 1.00 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1618...............................................................................................55 Machinery Manufacturing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1664 .....................................................................................................65 Meat Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1677 .................................................................................................................. 1.00 Men’s and Boys’ Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1659 .............................................65 Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 6 ................................................................................... 1.00 Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1690 .............................................................................................60 Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1679 ........................................................................................................75 Nonferrous Foundries, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1726 ............................................................................................................ 50 Paints and Varnishes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1739 .............................................................................................................. 60 Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 9 ................................................................................. 1.25 Petroleum Refining, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1526 .................................................................................................................30 Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 3 .................................................................................. 50 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1608 .........................................................................................60 Southern Sawmills and Planing Mills, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1694 .....................................................................................50 Structural Clay Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1697 ....................................................................................................... 65 Synthetic Fibers, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1740..................................... ..................................................................................40 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1965-66. BLS Bulletin 1527 ...........................................................................................45 I. Occupational Wage Studies— Continued Price West Coast Sawmilling, 1969. BLS Bulletin 170 4 .....................................................................................................$0.45 Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1728....................................................................................35 Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1649 ................................................................................................. 45 Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1651.................................................................60 Wool Textiles, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1551............................................................................................................................45 Work Clothing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1624 ......................................................................................................................... 50 Nonmanufacturing Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1689 ......................................................................................................50 Banking, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1703 .................................................................................................................................... 65 Bituminous Coal Mining, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1583 ........................................................................................................50 Communications, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1696 .....................................................................................................................30 Contract Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1644......................................................................................................55 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1566 .....................................................................30 Educational Insitutions: Nonteaching Employees, 1968—69. BLS Bulletin 1 6 7 1 ..................................................... 50 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1 6 1 4 ........................................................................................................70 Hospitals, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1688 ........................................................................................................................... 1.00 Laundry and Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1645............................................................................................... 75 life Insurance, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1569 ......................................................................................................................... 30 Motion Picture Theaters, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1542 ........................................................................................................35 Nursing Homes and Related Facilities, 1967—68. BLS Bulletin 1638 ........................................................................... 75 Scheduled Airlines, 1970. BLS Bulletin 173 4 ...................................................................................................................45 Wages and Tips in Restaurants and Hotels, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 2 ........................................................................... 60 II. Other Industry Wage Studies Employee Earnings and Hours in Nonmetropolitan Areas of the South and North Central Regions, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1552 ..........................................................................................................................................................50 Employee Earnings and Hours in Eight Metropolitan Areas of the South, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1533 .......................40 Employee Earnings and Hours in Retail Trade, June 1966Retail Trade (Overall Summary). BLS Bulletin 1584...................................................................................... 1.00 Building Materials, Hardware, and Farm Equipment Dealers, BLS Bulletin 1584-1 .......................................... 30 General Merchandise Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-2................................................................................................. 55 Food Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-3...........................................................................................................................60 Automotive Dealers and Gasoline Service Stations. BLS Bulletin 1584-4............................................................50 Apparel and Accessory Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-5 .............................................................................................55 Furniture, Home Furnishings, and Household Appliance Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-6 ....................................50 Miscellaneous Retail Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-7.................................................................................................. 65 HANDBOOK OF LABOR STATISTICS Announcing The 1971 edition of the A comprehensive reference volume of historical and current data. The Handbook contains: consumer price indexes beginning in 1800 thru 1970; average hours and earnings of production workers from 1909 thru 1970; work stoppages in the U.S. 1881 thru 1969; and many other historical series essential for anyone interested in economic trends. The Handbook of Labor Statistics, price $3.25 . . . Prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. ' — --------------- — The H a n d b o o k may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or from any of these regional offices of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (Make check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents.) - 1603-A Federal Bldg. Boston, Mass. 022 0 3 1317 Filbert St. Philadelphia, Pa. 19107 300 South W acker Drive Chicago, III. 60606 1100 Comm erce Street, Room 6B 7 Dallas, Tex. 75202 341 Ninth Ave. Rm. 1025 New York, N.Y. 10001 1371 Peachtree St., NE Atlanta, Ga. 303 09 911 Walnut St. Kansas City, Mo. 641 06 450 Golden G ate Ave. San Francisco, Calif. 94102 ☆ GPO : 1972 O - 484-793 (108) O rder Form Enclosed find $ --------------------(check, money order, or Superintendent of Documents coupons). Please send m e ---------------copies of T h e H a n d b o o k of Labor Statistics, 1971, BLS Bulletin 1705, at $3.25 a copy. N am e---------------------------------------------------------Street address--------------------------------------------- S/N 2901—0641 P lea se ch a rg e to D e p o s it my this ord er A ccount N o _______________________ FO R U S E O F SUPT. D O CS. -----Enclosed----------------------------To be mailed — la te r----------------------------------— Subscription----------------------Refund------------------------------- City and S tate ------------------------------- ZIP Code Coupon refund------------------FOR PROMPT SHIPMENT, PLEASE PR IN T OR TYPE ADDRESS ON LABEL BELOW INCLUDING YOUR ZIP CODE U .S. G O V E R N M E N T P R IN T IN G O F F IC E P U B L IC D O C U M E N T S D E P A R T M E N T W A S H IN G T O N , D.C. 2 0 4 0 2 Postage------------------------------ Name Street address--------------------------------------- OFFICIAL BUSINESS City and S ta te ------------------------- ZIP Code R E T U R N A F T E R 5 DAYS P O S T A G E A N D FE E S PAID U .S. G O V E R N M E N T P R IN T IN G O F F IC E B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S R E G IO N A L O F F IC E S R egion V Region I 1 6 0 3 J F K Federal B uilding G o v e rn m e n t C en ter B oston, Mass. 0 2 2 0 3 Phone: 2 2 3 -6 7 6 2 (A re a Code 6 1 7 ) 9 7 1 -5 4 0 5 (A re a Code 2 1 2 ) 5 9 7 -7 7 9 6 (A re a C ode 2 1 5 ) Phone: 3 7 4 -2 4 8 1 (A re a C ode 8 1 6 ) R egion IX and X 4 5 0 G o lden G ate A ve. Box 3 6 0 1 7 Region IV S u ite 5 4 0 13 71 P eachtree S t. N E . A tla n ta , G a. 3 0 3 0 9 Phone: 5 2 6 -5 4 1 8 (A re a Code 4 0 4 ) Dallas, T e x . 7 5 2 0 2 Phone: 7 4 9 - 3 5 1 6 (A re a Code 2 1 4 ) R egion V I I an d V I I I Federal O ffic e B u ild in g 9 1 1 W a ln u t S t., 1 0 th F lo o r Kansas C ity , M o . 6 4 1 0 6 R egion IN 4 0 6 Penn Square B u ild in g 1 3 1 7 F ilb e r t S t. P h ila d e lp h ia , Pa. 1 9 1 0 7 Phone: C hicago, III. 6 0 6 0 6 Phone: 3 5 3 - 1 8 8 0 (A re a C ode 3 1 2 ) R egion V I 1 1 0 0 C o m m e rc e S t., R m . 6 B 7 Region II 1 5 1 5 B ro ad w ay N e w Y o r k , N .Y . 1 0 0 3 6 Phone: 8 th F lo o r, 3 0 0 S o u th W acker D rive San Francisco, C a lif. 9 4 1 0 2 Phone: 5 5 6 - 4 6 7 8 (A re a C ode 4 1 5 ) Regions V I I and V I I I w ill be serviced by Kansas C ity . Regions IX and X w ill be serviced by San Francisco. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR T H IR D C L A S S M A IL BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS W A S H IN G T O N , D .C . 2 0 2 1 2 POSTAGE A N D O F F I C I A L B U S IN E S S PENALTY FOR P R IV A T E F E E S P A ID U.S. D EP A R TM E N T OF LABOR USE, $300
@FedFRASER