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L 2.3/3:Oi 5
Industry Wage Survey:
Oil and Gas Extraction,
June 1988
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
June 1989
Bulletin 2334
GEORGIA TECH
library
89-503
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2 3 igSg---COVERNMENT
documents
depository
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690000956
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zmsz
Industry Wage Survey:
Oil and Gas Extraction,
June 1988
U.S. Department of Labor
Elizabeth Dole, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
June 1989
Bulletin 2334
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For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402
jjTTqL
Preface
This bulletin summarizes the results of a Bureau of Labor
Statistics survey of occupational earnings and employee
benefits in the oil and gas extraction industries in June 1988.
Data are provided separately, where possible, for oil and gas
field operations and for contract drilling establishments. A
similar survey was conducted in June 1982.
Separate releases were issued earlier for 10 regions of in
dustry concentration. Copies of these reports are available
from the Bureau or any of its regional offices.
The study was conducted in the Bureau’s Office of Com
pensation and Working Conditions. Jonathan W. Kelinson
of the Division of Occupational Pay and Employee Benefit
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Levels analyzed the survey findings and prepared this bulle
tin. The Bureau’s field representatives obtained the data
through personal visits to a probability-based sample of es
tablishments within the scope of the survey. Fieldwork for
the survey was directed by the Bureau’s Assistant Regional
Commissioners for Operations.
Other industry wage survey reports are listed at the end
of this bulletin, along with information on how to obtain
copies.
Material in this publication is in the public domain, and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without per
mission.
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Contents
Page
Earnings................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Benefits..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Industry characteristics......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Tables:
Occupational average earnings:
1. Oil and gas extraction............................................................................................................................................ 4
2. Oil and gas field operations.................................................................................................................................. 5
3. Contract drilling operations .................................................................................................................................. 6
Occupational earnings distributions—United States:
4. Oil and gas extraction............................................................................................................................................ 7
5. Oil and gas field operations.................................................................................................................................. 8
6. Contract drilling operations .................................................................................................................................. 9
Occupational earnings distributions—oil and gas extraction:
7. Middle Atlantic...................................... ............................................................................................................... 10
8. Western Pennsylvania..............................................................................................................................................10
9. Border States.............................................................................................................................................................11
10. Great Lakes...............................................................................................................................................................11
11. Midcontinent............................................................................................................................................................. 12
12. Oklahoma................................................................................................................................................................... 12
13. Louisiana ................................................................................................................................................................... 13
14. Texas............................................................................................................................................................................14
15. Mountain States..............................................................................................................................•........................15
16. California................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Establishment practices and employee benefits:
17. Method of wage payment....................................................................................................................................... 16
18. Scheduled weekly hours—land-based workers ................................................................................................... 18
19. Shift differential provisions.....................................................................................................................................20
20. Shift differential practices.......................................................................................................................................23
21. Paid holidays............................................................................................................................................................ 26
22. Paid vacations .......................................................................................................................................................... 29
23. Health, insurance, and retirement plans ............................................................................................................. 38
24. Health plan participation.........................................................................................................................................41
25. Other selected benefits ........................................................................................................................................... 44
Appendixes:
A. Scope and method of survey.......................................................................................................................................46
B. Occupational descriptions............................................................................................................................................. 50
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Oil and Gas Extraction,
June 1988
Earnings
age increases were well pullers (23 percent) and pumpers
(18 percent). In general, occupations at the higher end of
the industries’ pay scales recorded higher average increases
than the lower paid occupations. During the 1982-88 peri
od, the wage and salary component of the Bureau’s Employ
ment Cost Index for nonmanufacturing industries recorded
a 28.7-percent increase.
These wage changes in oil and gas extraction accompa
nied dramatic employment declines. Production worker em
ployment dropped 44 percent, declining in 9 of the 10 regions
studied. Declines ranged from 52 percent in Oklahoma to
15 percent in the Great Lakes States; employment in the
Border States, however, grew by 2 percent. In Texas, which
accounted for about one-third of the workers in each sur
vey, production worker employment declined by 50 percent
over the 6-year period. The losses generally were more sig
nificant among contract drillers than among field operators
(text table 1). According to the Bureau’s monthly employ
ment and earnings series, most of the decline in production
employment in the Nation’s oil and gas extraction industries
occurred between 1985 and 1986, when the price of oil col
lapsed in world markets.3
The 13 jobs, selected to represent the wage structure and
skill range of the industries’ production workers, accounted
for three-fourths of the 68,658 production employees esti
mated to be within the scope of the survey. These jobs ac
counted for two-thirds of the production work force in field
Gasplant operators, who prepare natural gas for use as fuel,
had average earnings of $14.19 an hour in June 1988, and
were the highest paid among the 13 jobs studied in the oil
and gas extraction industries. Averages for the other 12 oc
cupations ranged from $8.29 an hour for rotary floor work
ers, who assist in drilling operations, to $14.12 an hour for
maintenance mechanics (table l).1 Among the geographic
regions studied separately, occupational pay generally was
highest in California and lowest in the Middle Atlantic and
Border States regions.
The survey included two types of establishments or oper
ations: 1) those operating oil and gas field properties (field
operations), and 2) those engaged in drilling oil and gas wells
for others on a contract or fee basis (contract drillers). Field
operations, which accounted for three-fifths of the produc
tion employment, included exploration, drilling and equip
ping of wells, operation of separators, and all other activities
required to prepare oil and gas for shipment from the produc
ing property.
Since June 1982, when the Bureau conducted a similar sur
vey, average hourly earnings increased from 6 to 23 per
cent for 9 of the 13 jobs, and decreased from 12 to 18 percent
for the other 4 jobs—derrick operators, rotary drillers, ro
tary floor workers, and motor operators. (Unlike the earlier
survey, the 1988 study included contract drillers employing
fewer than 50 workers.2 These smaller contractors were ex
cluded from the data used to make year-to-year comparisons
of earnings and employment.) Those having the highest aver
Text table 1. Percent change in production worker employment,
oil and gas extraction, June 1982-June 1989
1
See appendix A for the scope and method of the survey, for defini
tions of terms used in this bulletin, and for definitions of the regions sur
veyed. Earnings data exclude premium pay for overtime, for work on
weekends, holidays, and late shifts; and, where applicable, for offshore work.
See appendix B for occupational descriptions.
2 In June 1988, contract drillers with fewer than 50 workers employed
almost 4,000 production workers, or about 6 percent of the industries’ work
force. For a detailed account of the 1982 survey, see Industry Wage Sur
vey: Oil and Gas Extraction, June 1982, Bulletin 2193.
3 For information on June production worker employment in the oil and
gas extraction industries, see Employment and Earnings, September 1982;
Supplement to Employment and Earnings, July 1987; Employment and Earn
ings, September 1987; and Employment and Earnings, September 1988.
Data from the Employment and Earnings series include workers not co
vered by this occupational wage survey: Those employed by producers of
natural gas liquids and firms providing oil and gas exploration services on
a contract basis, as well as by facilities with employment below the mini
mum establishment sizes for this survey.
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Region and area1
All
establish
ments
Field
operations
Contract
drilling
operations2
United States ................................
Middle Atlantic.............................
Western Pennsylvania3.................
Border States....................................
Great Lakes...........................
Midcontinent4....................................
Oklahoma.........................
Louisiana ........................................
Texas ........................................
Mountain States.........................
California ..................................
-44
-34
-35
2
-15
-45
-52
-48
-50
-16
-32
-22
-31
-33
1
-23
-5
-8
-29
-30
61
-37
-62
-37
-37
(5)
-8
-74
-78
-62
-65
-62
-13
1 For definitions of regions and areas, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
2 In order to maintain comparability with the earlier survey, contract drillers
employing fewer than 50 workers were excluded from the data for June 1988.
3 Includes data for Western Pennsylvania shown separately.
4 Includes data for Oklahoma shown separately.
5 Employment data were not available for June 1982.
1
operations, and nearly seven-eighths of those working as con
tract drillers.
In field operations, average earnings ranged from $8.73
an hour for rotary floor workers to $14.99 an hour for main
tenance electricians (table 2). Pumpers, numerically the larg
est occupation studied in this industry, averaged $13.16 an
hour.
In contract drilling, occupational average earnings ranged
from $7.27 for roustabouts to $10.85 for rotary drillers (ta
ble 3). Rotary floor workers (roughnecks), the largest con
tract drilling job studied, averaged $8.26 an hour.
Workers in field operations recorded higher average pay
than their contract drilling counterparts in 9 of 10 occupa
tions for which comparisons could be made. The pay ad
vantages ranged from 4 percent for motor operators ($8.98
compared to $8.63) to 63 percent for roustabouts, who per
form a variety of tasks ($11.83 compared to $7.27). Typi
cally, however, the pay advantage in favor of contract drillers
was between 30 and 45 percent, a range which generally held
when comparisons were limited to individual regions. Ex
ceptions included the Great Lakes region, where contract der
rick operators and contract drillers averaged 3 and 16
percent, respectively, more than their counterparts in field
operations. In the Midcontinent region, the pay advantage
for contract welders was 35 percent, while pumpers in both
industries averaged about the same rate of pay.
Occupational pay relationships varied widely among the
regions studied separately. For example, contract rotary
drillers in Louisiana averaged 21 percent more than those
in the Border States region ($11.52 compared to $9.52), but
the relationship was reversed for contract welders
($9.58-$9.31). Occupational pay relationships also varied
within regions.
Wage data are presented separately, where possible, for
land-based (onshore) and offshore workers. In field opera
tions, where about four-fifths or more of the workers in each
occupation were land based, offshore workers had higher
average pay in all six of the jobs permitting comparison (ta
ble 2). The pay advantage for offshore rotary drillers was
48 percent; the corresponding advantage for the other five
occupations was between 2 and 13 percent.
Similarly, land-based workers among contract drillers ac
counted for about four-fifths or more of the workers in 6
of the 11 occupations (table 3). In the seven jobs that could
be compared, offshore workers held a pay advantage in six,
with differentials ranging from 5 percent for electricians and
mechanics to 18 percent for rotary drillers. Land-based
welders, in contrast, had an 11-percent edge on their off
shore counterparts ($10.33 compared to $9.34).
Earnings of workers in the individual occupations spanned
a broad range, but when examined on a regional basis, large
proportions of workers often clustered within narrow pay
bands (tables 4 and 7-16). For example, four-fifths of the
mechanics and three-fifths of the welders in California oil
and gas extraction earned between $15 and $15.50 an hour.
Such concentrations of workers partly reflect the prevalence
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of single-rate pay systems for a given job. Single-rate pay
systems covered about four-fifths of the industries’ employ
ment, and nearly all of the workers in California.
Benefits
Paid holiday provisions—most commonly 10 days
annually—were provided to nearly three-fourths of the
production workers. Nearly all workers on oil and gas field
properties received paid holidays, compared with one-third
in contract drilling operations, where 1 or 2 days per year
were most common (table 21). Holiday provisions varied by
region, as well as by industry.
Virtually all workers in oil and gas field operations could
receive paid vacations after qualifying periods of service.
Typical provisions were 2 weeks of pay after 1 year of serv
ice, 3 weeks after 5 years, 4 weeks after 10 years, 5 weeks
after 20 years, and 6 weeks after 30 or more years of serv
ice (table 22). In the contract drilling industry, vacation pro
visions were reported for almost two-fifths of the production
workers. Provisions generally were 1 or 2 weeks of vaca
tion pay after 1 year of service, 2 weeks after 2 years, and
2 or 3 weeks after 5 or more years of service.
Life insurance and hospitalization, surgical, and medical
coverage were provided to nearly all production workers in
oil and gas field operations, and to about nine-tenths of those
in contract drilling (table 23). Employers in both industries
provided accidental death and dismemberment insurance to
three-fourths of the workers. Short-term protection against
lost income through insurance or sick leave applied to seveneighths of the workers in field operations and to three-eighths
in contract drilling. One-half of the workers in field opera
tions were covered by long-term disability insurance and onefifth were in contract drilling. Health maintenance organi
zation (HMO) membership was available to about three-tenths
of field operations workers nationwide; and to less than onetenth of those in contract drilling. Among field operations,
hmo’s were most prevalent in California (nearly half of the
workers), and in Louisiana and Texas (about two-fifths).
Health plan participation by employees, as opposed to avail
ability of plans, also was studied for the first time in this
industry (table 24).
Retirement pension plans, typically financed entirely by
employers, covered slightly over four-fifths of the field oper
ations workers and one-third of the contract drillers. Retire
ment severance plans (one or more lump-sum payments upon
retirement) applied to one-third of those in field operations
and to one-tenth of the contract drilling employees. None
of these severance plans were paid entirely by employers.
Funeral leave and jury-duty pay applied to nearly all work
ers in field operations and to three-tenths and one-third of
the work force, respectively, in contract drilling (table 25).
Severance pay for loss of jobs due to technological change
or closedown was available to one-half of the field opera
tions workers and to one-eighth of those in contract drill
ing. Employee savings and thrift plans to which employers
2
Work schedules of 40 hours per week for land-based work
ers were in effect for seven-eighths of the field operations
workers (table 18).4 Nearly all of the remaining workers had
longer schedules, typically between 40 and 50 hours. For
land-based contract drilling workers, three-fifths of the work
force operated under fixed weekly schedules; however, these
schedules varied both within and among the regions. Twofifths of the contract drilling workers had variable workweeks
where no fixed weekly schedule prevailed, or the hours rou
tinely varied from week to week. The use of variable work
week schedules among contract drillers varied by region,
from less than 5 percent of the workers in the Middle Atlan
tic region to 87 percent of those in California.
Operations with formal provisions for second- and thirdshift work employed over two-thirds of the workers in both
oil and gas extraction industries (table 19). At the time of
the survey, one-eighth of the field operations workers actu
ally were employed on second shifts and slightly less than
one-tenth were on third shifts (table 20). Most commonly,
these workers received 50 cents an hour above day-shift rates
for second shifts and $1 for third shifts. Among contract
drillers, about one-fifth of the workers were on each late shift,
but none in the survey’s sample received premium rates for
such work.
Establishments operating under labor-management agree
ments employed about 30 percent of the field operations work
ers and less than 5 percent of the contract drilling work force.
Among field operations, union representation ranged from
70 percent m California to 9 percent in the Mountain States
but generally fell between 20 and 30 percent. Collective bar
gaining agreements typically were with single-establishment,
independent unions (those not affiliated with the afl-CIO),
although the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International
Union (AFL-CIO) also was prominent.
contribute money beyond administrative costs covered threefifths of field operations workers and one-fourth of the con
tract drilling workers. No formal provisions for automatic
cost-of-living adjustments were found in the operations
studied.
industry characteristics
The study covered operations in two industries primarily
engaged in extracting oil and gas: Those engaged in crude
petroleum and natural gas field production (field operations),
and those drilling oil and gas wells for others, on a contract,
fee, or similar basis (contract drillers). Oil and gas field oper
ators with fewer than 8 workers and contract drillers with
fewer than 20 were excluded from the survey.
The 1,485 operations within the scope of the survey em
ployed 68,658 nonsupervisory production and related work
ers in June 1988. Establishments primarily engaged in oper
ating oil field properties accounted for three-fifths of the to
tal production work force. Contract drillers employed the
other two-fifths. Texas recorded the largest share of employ
ment in both industries—three-tenths of the 41,362 produc
tion workers in field operations and just over one-third of
the 27,296 workers in contract drilling. Louisiana, next in
employment, accounted for one-fifth and one-fourth of the
workers, respectively. Most of the other regions employed
10 percent or less of the workers in each industry (table A-l).
Virtually all production workers were paid time rates, typi
cally under formal plans providing single rates for specified
occupations (table 17). Range-of-rate plans applied to near
ly one-fifth of the field operations workers, and individual
rates—based on the workers’ qualifications—applied to less
than one-tenth. In contract drilling, fewer than one-tenth of
the workers were compensated under a range-of-rate or in
dividual determination pay plan.
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4 Information on work schedules of offshore workers was not collected.
3
Table 1. Oil and gas extraction: Occupational average earnings
(Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States, selected regions, and States,2 June 1988)
United States12 3
Occupation
Middle
Atlantic4
Western
Pennsylvania
Border States
Midcontinent5
Great Lakes
Oklahoma
Louisiana
Texas
Mountain
States
California
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age
hourly
of
hourly
hourly
of
hourly
of
hourly
of
of
of
hourly
of
hourly
hourly
hourly
of
of
of
hourly
of
hourly
workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
Derrick operators..................
Onshore..............................
Offshore..............................
Drillers, rotary........................
Onshore ..............................
Offshore..............................
Electricians, maintenance....
Onshore..............................
Offshore..............................
4,403
3,760
643
4,521
3,868
653
1,224
815
409
$9.21
9.08
9.93
10.82
10.52
12.59
13.85
14.52
12.54
58
58
73
73
10
10
-
$8.47
8.47
10.16
10.16
11.92
11.92
“
58
58
73
73
10
10
"
$8.47
8.47
10.16
10.16
11.92
11.92
~
110
110
114
114
-
$8.23
8.23
9.52
9.52
-
222
222
275
275
24
24
~
$8.89
8.89
10.56
10.56
12.84
12.84
710
669
806
773
■ "
$8.83
8.61
10.20
10.04
-
423
423
460
460
-
$8.68
8.68
10.53
10.53
-
827
376
451
864
367
497
454
112
342
$8.92
8.01
9.67
11.29
9.71
12.46
13.14
14.63
12.65
1,362
1,254
108
1,522
1,422
100
387
363
24
$8.47
8.35
9.89
10.47
10.33
12.45
14.38
14.54
12.01
596
596
607
607
31
31
-
$8.99
8.99
11.21
11.21
14.75
14.75
-
493 $12.93
475
13.02
18
10.47
260 13.38
237
13.28
23
14.32
113
15.16
103
15.30
10 13.69
Floor workers, rotary............
Onshore ..............................
Offshore..............................
Gasplant operators...............
Onshore ..............................
Hoist operators .....................
Onshore..............................
Offshore..............................
8,373
6,566
1,807
1,992
1,770
271
91
180
8.29
8.09
9.03
14.19
14.04
10.68
12.03
10.00
162
162
-
8.10
8.10
"
162
162
-
8.10
8.10
-
188
188
58
58
-
8.06
8.06
11.48
11.48
-
441
441
88
88
-
8.33
8.33
12.85
12.85
-
1,300
1,194
247
247
-
8.07
7.90
14.67
14.67
-
621
621
8.00
8.00
14.67
14.67
-
8.49
7.60
9.00
14.87
14.39
10.28
10.36
2,725
2,425
300
791
787
_
-
8.07
7.97
8.86
14.20
14.20
-
989
989
247
247
-
2,100
759
1,341
418
220
93
91
233
233
-
8.05
8.05
14.76
14.76
-
468
408
60
81
72
_
_
-
9.99
10.12
9.09
14.91
14.89
_
_
-
Mechanics, maintenance..... 3,678
Onshore.............................. 2,704
Offshore..............................
974
Motor operators.................... 2,836
Onshore .............................. 2,480
Offshore..............................
356
Pumpers................................. 12,047
Onshore.............................. 10,234
Offshore.............................. 1,813
14.12
14.17
13.97
8.64
8.50
9.62
13.10
12.83
14.61
58
58
217
217
-
9.93
9.93
-
58
58
-
9.93
9.93
-
-
10.35
10.35
-
204
204
"
10.50
10.50
-
12.26
12.26
10.58
10.58
-
112
112
-
31
31
173
173
-
12.30
12.30
9.38
9.38
9.83
9.83
-
540
441
445
424
2,081
1,976
-
13.76
13.46
8.71
8.68
12.71
12.58
322
322
331
331
1,534
1,534
. "
14.08
14.08
8.45
8.45
12.44
12.44
"
1,209
438
771
427
171
256
2,001
1,066
935
14.03
14.06
14.01
8.98
8.01
9.63
13.70
12.91
14.61
1,058
979
79
1,343
1,277
66
4,424
3,676
748
14.40
14.56
12.43
8.25
8.18
9.62
13.23
12.98
14.50
232
232
414
414
1,632
1,632
-
14.48
14.48
8.62
8.62
13.41
13.41
392
383
113
100
850
830
"
15.19
15.22
_
11.36
11.52
14.60
14.59
-
Roustabouts..........................
Onshore ..............................
Offshore..............................
Truckdrivers...........................
Onshore ..............................
Welders, oil field...................
Onshore ..............................
Offshore..............................
Well pullers............................
Onshore ..............................
10.74
11.22
9.58
9.10
9.10
10.66
11.87
9.46
10.91
10.91
87
87
9.56
9.56
69
69
9.74
9.74
197
197
9.47
9.47
10.06
10.06
1,458
1,211
247
340
340
80
65
-
10.92
10.85
11.31
8.74
8.74
9.56
9.35
-
873
873
10.98
10.98
2,881
985
1,896
125
125
261
31
230
-
10.25
11.62
9.55
8.68
8.68
9.52
10.47
9.39
“
3,067
2,626
441
431
431
111
62
49
15
15
10.85
11.21
8.74
8.16
8.16
11.68
13.72
9.11
13.80
13.80
640
640
77
77
24
24
-
11.88
11.88
11.03
11.03
13.05
13.05
-
489
426
63
81
81
68
60
_
-
11.79
12.16
9.33
13.56
13.56
14.17
14.57
_
_
1
2
3
4
9,240
6,547
2,693
1,356
1,356
624
312
312
542
542
-
85
85
23
23
“
-
10.19
10.19
9.52
9.52
“
-
82
82
23
23
-
-
-
10.26
10.26
9.52
9.52
-
-
73
73
32
32
35
35
-
8.36
8.36
11.25
11.25
9.80
9.80
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
Includes data for regions not shown separately.
Includes data for Western Pennsylvania shown separately.
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-
77
77
‘ 588
588
295
295
-
144
144
15
15
84
84
-
9.34
9.34
10.30
10.30
9.10
9.10
-
-
202
202
20
20
26
26
-
-
9.72
9.72
13.70
13.70
8.39
8.39
-
5 Includes data for Oklahoma shown separately.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
Overall occupation may include data for offshore workers not shown separately.
Table 2. Oil and gas field operations: Occupational average earnings
(Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings' in selected occupations, United States, selected regions, and States,2 June 1988)
United States3
Occupation
Derrick operators..................
Onshore..............................
Offshore..............................
Drillers, rotary........................
Onshore..............................
Offshore..............................
Electricians, maintenance....
Onshore..............................
Offshore..............................
Floor workers, rotary............
Onshore..............................
Gasplant operators...............
Onshore..............................
Mechanics, maintenance.....
Onshore ..............................
Offshore..............................
Middle
Atlantic4
Western
Pennsylvania
546 $11.68
11.57
498
48
12.88
357
10.54
315
9.98
14.75
42
890
14.99
741
14.93
15.29
149
10 $11.92
10
11.92
-
10 $11.92
11.92
10
-
~
_
_
$11.48
58
58
11.48
22 13.33
22
13.33
-
8.73
8.05
14.34
14.21
14.67
14.53
15.17
_
21
21
-
_
11.97
11.97
-
_
21
21
-
11.97
11.97
“
Motor operators....................
113
Onshore..............................
92
Pumpers................................. 11,817
Onshore .............................. 10,010
Offshore.............................. 1,807
Roustabouts.......................... 7,036
Onshore.............................. 5,841
Offshore.............................. 1,195
8.98
8.92
13.16
12.90
14.63
11.83
11.69
12.52
_
217
217
55
55
_
10.35
10.35
10.69
10.69
_
204
204
-
_
10.50
10.50
-
Truckdrivers...........................
Onshore ..............................
Welders, oil field...................
Onshore..............................
Well pullers............................
Onshore..............................
11.10
11.10
12.33
12.40
11.09
11.09
572
572
250
232
517
517
-
-
_
-
_
9
9
11.66
11.66
-
-
-
“
“
“
_
9
9
11.66
11.66
“
23
23
23
23
23
23
$8.69
8.69
9.20
9.20
13.06
13.06
113 $10.32
72
9.14
159 10.86
126 10.07
-
_
88
88
86
86
-
12.85
12.85
13.04
13.04
-
253
147
247
247
511
412
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
173
173
141
141
-
_
-
-
19
19
26
26
32
32
10.58
10.58
11.28
11.28
*
11.18
11.18
11.63
11.63
10.11
10.11
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
Includes data for regions not shown separately,
Includes data for Western Pennsylvania shown separately.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Midcontinent5
Great Lakes
Oklahoma
Louisiana
Mountain
States
Texas
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number
hourly
hourly
hourly
of
hourly
of
hourly
of
of
hourly
of
of
hourly
of
hourly
of
of
hourly
of
workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
663
523
1,851
1,629
3,181
2,475
706
’
2
3
*
Border States
582
582
286
286
-
79
79
-
80
80
-
9.86
9.86
10.17
10.17
-
10.32
10.32
-
9.18
9.18
60
60
60
60
-
$9.30
9.30
11.78
11.78
-
8.77
7.96
14.67
14.67
13.97
13.70
-
_
247
247
305
305
-
_
14.67
14.67
14.23
14.23
-
89
68
2,060
1,955
1,406
1,159
247
8.85
8.73
12.71
12.57
11.04
10.98
11.31
_
1,532
1,532
845
845
154
154
61
46
10.20
10.20
8.82
8.30
92
92
-
-
~
-
-
26
26
_
-
12.43
12.43
11.08
11.08
*
11.98
11.98
-
8.39
8.39
249 $15.14
_
418
220
987
420
567
_
1,929
1,000
929
1,721
951
770
_
28
25
-
_
14.87
14.39
14.78
14.23
15.18
312 $15.17
312
15.17
_
_
$14.75
14.75
"
_
233
233
220
220
-
_
14.76
14.76
14.58
14.58
-
81
72
361
358
-
_
14.91
14.89
15.34
15.33
-
13.41
13.41
11.88
11.88
_
850
830
437
420
14.60
14.59
12.25
12.21
36
36
52
52
14.40
14.40
14.97
14.97
14.25
14.24
14.94
14.93
15.12
_
_
13.95 4,293
13.31 3,545
14.64
748
12.30 2,249
11.83 2,109
12.89
140
_
13.31
13.06
14.50
12.11
12.09
12.47
_
1,632
1,632
640
640
77
77
-
14.07
14.07
-
36
36
20
20
11.28
10.71
-
“
-
-
-
-
“
”
Aver
Aver
age Number age
hourly
hourly
of
earn workers earn
ings
ings
31
31
"
692
688
937
906
31
_
California
-
-
103 $15.35
101
15.34
_
“
14.24
14.24
13.09
13.09
-
-
-
“
“
-
s Includes data for Oklahoma shown separately.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
Overall occupation may include data for offshore workers not shown separately.
Table 3. Contract drilling operations: Occupational average earnings
(Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations, United States, selected regions, and States,2 June 1988)
United States3
Occupation
Mid die
Atlar tic4
Western
Pennsylvania
3,857
3,262
595
4,164
3,553
611
334
74
260
$8.86
8.70
9.69
10.85
10.57
12.45
10.84
10.40
10.96
58
58
73
73
-
Floor workers, rotary............
Onshore ..............................
Offshore..............................
Hoist operators.....................
Offshore..............................
Mechanics, maintenance.....
Onshore ..............................
Offshore..............................
7,710
6,043
1,667
202
180
497
229
268
8.26
8.10
8.84
9.79
10.00
10.56
10.28
10.80
162
162
-
Motor operators....................
Onshore ..............................
Offshore .............................
Pumpers.................................
Onshore..............................
2,723
2,388
335
230
224
8.63
8.48
9.64
9.66
9.67
-
-
-
Roustabouts..........................
Onshore ..............................
Offshore..............................
Truckdrivers...........................
Onshore ..............................
Welders, oil field...................
Onshore ..............................
Offshore.............................
2,204
7.27
32
32
26
26
-
7.61
7.61
8.26
8.26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
~
-
1,498
784
784
374
80
294
-
7.24
7.64
7.64
9.55
10.33
9.34
-
$8.47
8.47
10.16
10.16
Oklahoma
Louisiana
8.10
8.10
-
58
58
73
73
-
$8.47
8.47
10.16
10.16
-
110
110
114
114
-
$8.23
8.23
. 9.52
9.52
-
199
199
252
252
-
$8.92
8.92
10.69
10.69
-
597
597
647
647
-
$8.54
8.54
10.03
10.03
_
-
363
363
400
400
_
-
$8.57
8.57
10.34
10.34
_
_
-
665
221
444
701
213
488
205
_
198
$8.99
7.82
9.58
11.52
9.60
12.36
10.70
162
162
~
8.10
8.10
188
188
8.06
8.06
424
424
26
26
-
8.28
8.28
9.86
9.86
-
1,047
1,047
29
29
-
7.90
7.90
10.07
10.07
-
527
527
_
_
17
17
-
7.94
7.94
_
_
11.26
11.26
-
1,734
427
1,307
93
91
222
18
204
77
77
-
9.38
9.38
-
356
356
21
21
8.68
8.68
275
275
_
_
-
8.36
8.36
_
_
-
_
_
_
65 . 8.16
65
8.16
11
8.90
11
8.90
-
52
52
186
186
19
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
37
37
-
-
8.77
8.77
37
37
-
8.77
8.77
-
9
9
9.63
9.63
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
-
32
32
26
26
7.61
7.61
56
56
-
-
8.26
8.26
54
54
6
6
“
4.92
4.92
7.36
7.36
9.58
9.58
“
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
Includes data for regions not shown separately.
Includes data for Western Pennsylvania shown separately.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Midcontinent5
Great Lakes
Mountain
States
Texas
California
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Aver
Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number age Number
age
of
hourly
hourly
of
of
hourly
of
hourly
of
hourly
of
hourly
of
hourly
of
hourly
of
hourly
of
hourly
of
hourly
workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn workers earn
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
ings
Derrick operators..................
Onshore ..............................
Offshore..............................
Drillers, rotary........................
Onshore..............................
Offshore..............................
Electricians, maintenance....
Onshore ..............................
Offshore..............................
1
2
3
*
Border States
-
12.78
12.78
7.90
7.90
7.52
7.52
11.91
11.91
“
_
_
_
110
110
_
_
_
_
_
7.83
7.83
_
_
1,362
1,254
108
1,522
1,422
100
75
51
24
$8.47
8.35
9.89
10.47
10.33
12.45
11.10
10.67
12.01
8.48
7.40
8.83
10.28
10.36
10.69
9.93
10.75
2,725
2,425
300
8.07
7.97
8.86
121
73
48
10.24
9.94
10.69
403
147
256
72
-
8.95
7.77
9.63
7.09
-
1,343
1,277
66
_
-
8.25
8.18
9.62
1,160
7.21
818
7.40
_
1,126
13
13
233
6
227
_
10.74
_
7.26
7.55
7.55
9.31
9.44
9.31
_
_
_
301
354
354
61
12
49
_
_
586
586
$8.88
8.88
595
595
11.19
11.19
_
_
_
-
_
-
255 $11.39
237
11.46
18
10.47
260
13.38
237
13.28
23
14.32
10
13.21
-
-
962
962
8.00
8.00
468
408
60
9.99
10.12
9.09
_
_
12
12
12.62
12.62
31
25
13.46
13.57
414
414
8.62
8.62
113
100
11.36
11.52
-
-
-
52
8.00
45
45
16
12.89
12.89
11.60
_
_
-
-
_
7.00
6.88
6.88
9.40
10.58
9.11
_
41
41
_
8.22
8.22
_
-
-
-
-
5 Includes data for Oklahoma shown separately.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
Overall occupation may include data for subclassifications not shown separately.
Table 4. Oil and gas extraction: Occupational earnings distribution-United States
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,1 June 1988)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Occupation
Derrick operators...........................
Electricians, maintenance..............
Offshore .......................................
Floor workers, rotary......................
Gasplant operators.........................
Onshore .......................................
Hoist operators ..............................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore .......................................
Mechanics, maintenance...............
Offshore .......................................
Motor operators.............................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore .......................................
Onshore .......................................
Truckdrivers....................................
Welders, oil field............................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore .......................................
Well pullers.....................................
Onshore .......................................
1
2
3
4
Average
Number (mean)
6.25
of
hourly
and 6.50
workers earnings Under under
6.25 6.50 6.75
4,403
3,760
643
4,521
3,866
653
1,224
815
409
$9.21
9.08
9.93
10.82
10.52
12.59
13.85
14.52
12.54
p>
ft
ft
p>
_
_
-
1
1
2
3
8,373
6,566
1,807
1,992
1,770
271
91
180
8.29
8.09
9.03
14.19
14.04
10.68
12.03
10.00
3,678
2,704
974
2,836
2,480
356
12,047
10,234
1,813
14.12
14.17
13.97
8.64
8.50
9.62
13.10
12.83
14.61
-
9,240
6,547
2,693
1,356
1,356
624
312
312
542
542
10.74
11.22
9.58
9.10
9.10
10.66
11.87
9.46
10.91
10.91
4
5
3
3 18
18
4
8
_
311
11
_
-
1
1
_
_
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.50
1
1
6
7
6
8
9
10
1
1
-
7
6
11
3
3
-
9
10
1
1
-
3
4
9
11
ft
p)
18
19
16
12
14
1
2
1
1
_
1
1
1
1
_
-
-
_
_
_
-
1
1
1
1
-
pi
_
_
“
-
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
-
5
5
1
1
-
2
3
-
1
1
1
1
13
14
9
p>
7
9
-
7
9
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
ft
1
-
10
4
31
2
2
6
9
4
1
11
ft
ft
11
16
8
2
2
1
ft
ft
7
11
2
1
3
6
ft
42
1
1
-
4
2
11
6
4
23
3
4
-
1
2
1
1
ft
p)
p>
ft
ft
i2)
1
1
1
1
ft
1
1
2
1
1
11
12
2
ft
ft
11
12
4
1
1
12
10
26
3
3
p)
4
5
21
25
7
9
6
7
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
-
"
-
-
-
8
8
8
5
5
3
4
2
3
■3
3
i2)
9
1
1
p>
ft
4
2
10
11
11
«
1
4
4
-
-
8
3
39
21
22
12
8
3
19
11
8
22
p)
ft
19
29
-
-
7
5
23
6
7
-
9
10
2
-
5
15
-
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00
and
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 over
9.50
15
13
19
2
7
1
1
4
3
6
13
13
1
2
6
6
-
pi
2
7
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Less than 0.5 percent.
Workers were distributed as follows: 13 percent at $6 and under $6.25; and 4 percent at under $6.
Workers were distributed as follows: 6 percent at $6 and under $6.25; and 5 percent at under $6.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ft
ft
3
4
-
3
1
9
2
2
-
9
12
pi
pt
1
1
p)
p)
-
-
p>
4
3
8
1
1
1
1
pi
5
5
-
-
p>
ft
1
1
-
1
2
7.25
-
_
3
4
_
p>
p>
-
7.00
1
2
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
6.75
"
2
1
3
2
2
2
4
-
2
2
1
2
-
1
2
r
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
12
1
23
2
2
2
3
1
6
6
20
3
37
1
1
-
1
1
8
3
13
5
5
ft1
1
7
7
6
4
4
2
1
5
10
11
2
2
1
2
2
1
8
9
13
i2)
39
1
1
ft
ft
1
1
13
12
18
2
3
-
3
ft
20
1
ft
2
-
2
2
ft
ft
1
1
30
1
44
2
2
4
1
14
1
1
1
2
3
-
1
1
ft
-
1
1
1
ft
p>
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
1
6
6
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
6
2
10
-
ft
ft
3
3
3
3
-
-
3
3
4
1
1
-
1
1
ft
ft
ft
1
6
7
1
ft
3
ft
-
1
3
1
13
3
2
4
ft
ft
-
5
5
O
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
-
2
3
“
_
3
3
2
2
2
3
1
12
3
4
.ft
20
22
”
"
1
2
16
20
8
ft
“
ft
22
21
ft
ft
1
ft
-
-
1
25
27
“
-
1
12
6
16
47
-
5
~
-
5
5
4
~
12
8
25
“
“
17
17
16
5
2
24
6
4
17
1
1
1
ft
ft
-
ft
1
ft
ft
-
~
“
10
11
5
28
30
20
3
3
1
2
2
5
9
16
19
10
2
2
2
3
-
17
18
16
2
2
15
18
7
10
10
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
5
5
3
5
p)
38
38
-
-
ft
1
1
3
2
39
47
18
“
~
4
4
6
5
5
26
31
16
14
12
20
~
3
2
8
ft1
1
ft
1
21
29
5
~
-
5
7
1
3
3
~
-
1
2
4
10
8
18
p)
ft
ft
2
2
ft
1
-
-
1
1
-
1
-
4
4
3
5
1
1
ft
ft14
28
1
1
1
~
-
1
1
1
-
”
“
“
“
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. Overall classifications may include data for subclassifications not shown separately.
Table 5. Oil and gas field operations: Occupational earnings distribution-United States
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,1 June 1988)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Occupation
Derrick operators............................
Onshore .......................................
Average
Number (mean)
6.25
of
hourly
and 6.50
workers earnings Under under
6.25 6.50 6.75
546
498
$11.68
11.57
Drillers, rotary..................................
Onshore ........................................
357
315
10.54
9.98
Electricians, maintenance..............
Onshore___________________
Offshore........................................
890
741
149
14.99
14.93
15.29
Floor workers, rotary......................
Onshore .......................................
Gasplant operators.........................
Onshore .......................................
Mechanics, maintenance...............
Onshore .......................................
Offshore .......................................
663
523
_
-
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.50
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
2
2
7
8
o
i2)
20
21
7
7
_
1
1
6.75
5
5
7
8
7
8
7
8
2
3
_
_
2
2
_
_
-
_
“
_
-
a
1
-
_
-
_
_
-
36
46
-
_
_
-
14
_
-
-
-
8.73
8.05
8
10
1,851
1,629
3,181
2,475
706
14.34
14.21
14.67
14.53
15.17
i2)
a
1
1
8
10
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
Motor operators.............................
Onshore .......................................
Pumpers..........................................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore .......................................
Roustabouts...................................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore .......................................
113
92
11,817
10,010
1,807
7,036
5,841
1,195
8.98
8.92
13.16
12.90
14.63
11.83
11.69
12.52
_
-
_
-
_
_
_
_
11
13
1
1
28
35
1
1
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
Truckdrivers....................................
Onshore .......................................
Welders, oil field............................
Onshore .......................................
Well pullers.....................................
Onshore .......................................
572
572
250
232
517
517
11.10
11.10
12.33
12.40
11.09
11.09
9
9
5 10
10
6 12
12
1
2
3
4
5
-
1
1
3
_
-
4
-
1
1
2
3
-
1
1
1
1
-
1
1
1
1
“
1
1
“
-
4
5
i2)
i2)
-
4
4
-
6
6
-
1
1
_
~
_
-
_
-
i2)
a
1
1
4
3
6
3
3
2
2
3
3
-
1
1
1
1
-
a
a
a
a
-
_
-
14
18
-
a
1
a
<2)
-
-
1
1
“
2
3
_
-
3
3
-
3
3
1
1
i2)
a
1
2
1
1
_
_
“
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Less than 0.5 percent.
All workers were at $18 and under $18.50.
Workers were distributed as follows: 7 percent at $16 and under $16.50; and 6 percent at $16.50 and over.
All workers were at $5.75 and under $6.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
2
4
_
-
_
1
1
1
1
4
4
“
i2)
a
1
1
a
i2)
1
1
2
1
1
40
26
3
3
_
_
-
-
-
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
-
3
3
2
3
1
8
8
5
-
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
_
-
5
5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
a
a
_
_
27
31
17
19
17
11
_
_
_
_
_
0
i2)
_
-
a
a
1
1
1
1
a
5
_
-
2
3
1
.
1
1
4
5
1
1
2
2
a
2
2
5
6
3
3
1
1
4
5
2
2
a
i2)
2
2
4
5
_
_
-
p)
i2)
1
1
-
4
4
-
_
-
_
-
-
_
-
7
8
_
-
-
_
-
9.50 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00
and
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 over
_
_
_
_
-
-
1
1
6
7
4
4
_
_
i2)
i2)
a
a
_
_
-
21
26
3
4
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
.
1
1
3
3
5
1
1
a
a
-
_
3
3
1
1
1
_
_
•_
3
3
1
1
-
4
5
1
1
3
_
44
48
2
2
5
__
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
-
1
2
_
4
4
1
22
22
21
29
32
13
1
2
4
20
19
16
13
27
27
29
45
51
24
13
7
14
8
34
17
17
16
1
1
5
2
24
a
a
6
4
17
1
1
_
21
24
6
7
2
5
36
34
44
A (_
2
4 13
_
5
5
5
_
_
2
2
_
1
1
2
3
2
4
2
2
4
_
1
1
2
3
a
a
5
5
4
4
6
6
5
5
10
10
5
5
_
_
1
1
3
3
4
4
3
_
_
_
_
3
2
8
21
21
22
4
4
6
23
20
37
10
11
5
20
20
16
29
30
20
2
1
2
1
1
4
4
1
1
1
1
23
23
2
3
3
3
12
12
4
4
40
40
_
-
_
-
-
9
9
7
7
1
1
a
a
34
35
1
1
1
1
1
_
-
_
_
2
1
_
_
-
-
6 Workers were distributed as follows: 6 percent at $6 and under $6.25; 1 percent at $5.75 and under $6; and 5
percent at $5 and under $5.25.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. Overall classi
fications may include data for subclassifications not shown separately.
Table 6. Contract drilling operations: Occupational earnings distributlon-United States
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,1 June 1988)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Occupation
Number (mean)
6.25
of
and 6.50
hourly
workers earnings Under under
6.25 6.50 6.75
p>
p>
Derrick operators............................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore .......................................
Drillers, rotary..................................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore .......................................
Electricians, maintenance..............
Onshore .......................................
3,857
3,262
595
4,164
3,553
611
334
74
$8.86
8.70
9.69
10.85
10.57
12.45
10.84
10.40
Floor workers, rotary......................
Onshore .......................................
7,710
6,043
8.26
8.10
Hoist operators...............................
202
9.79
_
Mechanics, maintenance...............
Onshore .......................................
497
229
10.56
10.28
_
-
_
-
Motor operators..............................
Onshore .......................................
2,723
2,388
8.63
8.48
-
p)
p>
Pumpers..........................................
Onshore .......................................
Roustabouts....................................
Offshore .......................................
230
224
2,204
1,498
9.66
9.67
7.27
7.24
3 10
11
7
5
_
10
15
Truckdrivers.....................................
Onshore .......................................
Welders, oil field.............................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore .......................................
784
784
374
80
294
7.64
7.64
9.55
10.33
9.34
4 24
24
“
p)
p)
1
2
3
4
1
1
-
2
2
3
3
-
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.50
1
1
7
8
7
9
8
7
12
3
3
-
10
11
1
1
-
3
3
10
12
p)
1
5
10
12
1
1
p)
1
-
18
18
17
13
15
4
19
8
5
22
6
7
-
9
3
42
23
24
12
27
18
2
1
6
10
12
6
19
14
16
7
9
8
10
16
15
21
12
9
10
4
4
1
2
2
1
1
26
8
8
9
p>
40
1
1
-
1
6.75
-
-
1
1
1
1
_
_
_
-
_
-
1
1
p>
p>
-
10
13
(2)
2
3
-
1
1
7
I2)
I2)
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
-
-
P)
_
_
_
11
12
11
10
6
1
6
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
p>
3
3
17
17
-
11
11
p)
-
-
-
_
p)
p>
1
3
1
_
5
5
14
18
4
4
p)
i2)
21
21
1
3
-
4
4
7
7
6
18
2
1
1
i2)
1
-
16
16
1
4
-
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Less than 0.5 percent.
All workers were at $6 and under $6.25.
Workers were distributed as follows: 20 percent at $6 and under $6.25; and 5 percent at under $6.
p)
1
11
13
12
16
-
2
3
7
8
33
14
-
3
5
2
2
-
3
3
4
5
3
p>
3
1
P)
-
-
-
-
2
2
20
3
25
5
5
30
11
35
2
2
13
11
14
2
2
7
6
7
1
1
10
6
11
-
3
4
2
-
-
29
5
15
16
1
2
-
3
1
12
«
1
4
10
17
17
4
5
-
3
1
13
4
-
26
15
_
-
p>
p)
1
p)
3
1
-
9
8
_
12
16
p)
p)
4
p>
22
1
1
6
12
7
8
p>
p)
9
7
20
0
1
-
5
11
22
25
2
2
13
12
16
5
23
p)
pi
1
1
_
4
8
4
5
“
48
1
1
1
2
5
1
1
-
6
7
2
2
2
1
6
8
2
5
3
4
3
4
2
8
pi
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00
and
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 over
1
3
p>
1
5
5
-
1
2
i2)
p)
_
-
-
9.50
1
2
-
“
-
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
4
4
i2)
3
3
1
6
“
-
_
2
1
_
2
1
2
2
3
3
6
6
“
“
3
3
p>
1
~
_
-
1
3
1
1
-
_
_
-
-
1
p)
1
-
p>
1
-
-
-
-
_
_
2
2
_
-
-
4
4
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
_
-
2
10
~
_
1
3
_
-
-
_
1
2
-
1
3
1
1
1
6
1
1
p)
v
-
i2)
-
_
_
~
“
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. Overall classifications may include data for subclassifications not shown separately.
Table 7. Oil and gas extraction: Occupational earnings distribution-Middle Atlantic region1
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,2 June 1988)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) ofOccupation3
Average
Number (mean)
6.00
of
hourly
and 6.25
workers earnings Under under
6.00 6.25 6.50
Derrick operators...........................
Drillers, rotary..................................
Electricians, maintenance..............
Floor workers, rotary......................
Mechanics, maintenance...............
58
73
10
162
58
$8.47
10.16
11.92
8.10
9.93
Pumpers..........................................
Roustabouts...................................
Truckdrivers....................................
Welders, oil field............................
217
87
85
23
10.35
9.56
10.19
9.52
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00 12.25
_
-
_
_
_
31
_
_
-
14
_
_
-
41
_
_
-
_
_
11
10
19
33
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
_
_
18
4
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
5
2
-
~
5
2
_
1
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
~
“
-
4
4
1
3
7
1
-
18
*
-
14
-
_
_
40
-
_
_
21
4
39
-
3
11
_
_
“
“
1 For definition of region, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
3 All workers were onshore workers.
3
3
5
36
9
-
33
_
3
2
1
_
_
9
-
14
18
25
_
10
1
10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00
_
2
2
2
2
_
-
-
.
c)
3
1
_
_
-
-
20
70
14
21
18
30
31
5
9
24
26
_
2
-
-
-
44
2
_
9
-
2
4
-
-
-
4 Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data.
Table 8. Oil and gas extraction: Occupational earnings distribution-western Pennsylvania'
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,12 3June 1988)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Occupation3
Number (mean) 6.00
of
hourly
and 6.25
workers earnings under
6.25 6.50
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00 12.25
41
14
31
40
-
10
19
33
_
_
-
-
-
-
18
4
-
-
14
11
Floor workers, rotary......................
Mechanics, maintenance...............
162
58
8.10
9.93
Pumpers..........................................
Roustabouts....................................
Truckdrivers....................................
Welders, oil field.............................
204
69
82
23
10.50
9.74
10.26
9.52
_
_
1
_
_
_
-
-
-
_
5
1
3
14
4
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
8
1
-
1 For definition of region, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
3 All workers were onshore workers.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
_
"
4
18
-
3
-
-
_
-
_
_
_
_
26
1
39
-
13
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
9
_
36
_
-
_
1
5
_
-
_
3
3
-
9
33
2
10.00 10.25 10.50 10.75 11.00 11.25 11.50 11.75 12.00
14
18
25
_
_
_
2
2
3
_
-
-
-
-
~
-
-
_
_
"
_
_
47
_
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
_
(*)
_
-
-
-
-
1
-
9
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
14
21
20
35
32
5
12
24
26
4 Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data.
Table 9. Oil and gas extraction: Occupational earnings distribution-Border States region
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,2 June 1988)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Number (mean)
5.75
of
and 6.00
hourly
workers earnings Under under
5.75 6.00 6.25
Occupation3
Derrick operators............................
Drillers, rotary.................................
Floor workers, rotary......................
Gasplant operators.........................
Mechanics, maintenance...............
110
114
188
58
31
$8.23
9.52
8.06
11.48
12.26
Pumpers..........................................
Roustabouts...................................
Truckdrivers....................................
Welders, oil field.............................
Well pullers.....................................
173
197
73
32
35
10.58
9.47
8.36
11.25
9.80
_
-
1
3
* 29
5 15
"
_
-
_
-
_
11
9
1
-
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.50
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.50
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
14
-
25
-
7
2
56
14
-
44
29
-
25
11
-
_
10
_
54
3
_
11
3
1
13
11
_
~
10
1
19
“
_
-
1
1
34
3
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
3
3
1
“
-
-
9
_
-
1
1
6
3
1 For definition of region, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
3 All workers were onshore workers.
4 Workers were distributed as follows: 4 percent at $5.50 and under $5.75; 2 percent at $5.25 and under
$5.50; 17 percent at $5 and under $5.25; and 7 percent at under $5.
8
“
9
6
3
6
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00
24
6
3
-
4
6
-
“
_
-
_
2
6
5
5
-
_
_
6
1
5
16
3
_
_
_
_
_
34
3
_
_
48
10
_
_
-
_
_
_
-
1
1
36
53
7
22
40
.
_
_
_
-
_
_
13
11
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
23
19
_
_
3
-
_
2
32
4
_
_
_
19
-
5 Workers were distributed as follows: 14 percent at $5.50 and under $5.75; and 1 percent at $5 and under
$5.25.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data.
Table 10. Oil and gas extraction: Occupational earnings distribution-Great Lakes region'
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,2 June 1988)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Occupation3
Mechanics, maintenance...............
Average
Number (mean)
6.25
of
and 6.50
hourly
workers earnings Under under
6.25 6.50 6.75
222
275
24
441
88
112
77
588
295
144
15
84
1
2
3
4
$8.89
10.56
12.84
8.33
12.85
12.30
9.38
9.83
10.06
9.34
10.30
9.10
5
1
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.50
_
_
25
_
7
6
4
4
4
8
4
7
11
_
3
_
13
_
23
2
17
_
1
17
_
4
_
25
6
7
15
13
8
5
10
5
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
8
7
3
6
5
8
10
3
3
-
-
1
5
8
9
8
6
_
18
_
1
6
2
4
3
_
4
For definition of region, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
All workers were onshore workers.
Less than 0.5 percent.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
_
_ _
_
4
_
-
22
2
4
11
7
21
_
_
_
5
2
1
3
7
3
_
11
5
4
4
11
20
17
15
_
3
1
_
2
1
2
1
1
_4
1
1
_
_
4
4
5
_
1
_
_
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00
and
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 over
9.50
6
8
9
8
8
1
_
16
2
3
6
13
2
_
_
_
n
5
5
6
3
2
3
2
_
6
_
31
3
2
_20
_
_
31
0
_
-
-
8
n
-
_
_
_
1
_
17
_
-
_
-
22
1
17
-
_
_
9
3
-4
9
1
4
1
8
6
i4)9
_
_
11
32
-
-
_
-
1
1
_
-
2
2
4
_
-8
-1
-17
-17
_
33
_
21
-10
-24
23
-3
-13
-4
-
-20
-
-
9
8
_
-
5
-12
-
5 Workers were distributed as follows: 9 percent at $16 and under $16.50; and 3 percent at $18.50 and under $19.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data.
Table 11. Oil and gas extraction: Occupational earnings distribution-MIdcontinent region
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,2 June 1988)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Occupation
Number (mean)
of
hourly
workers earnings Under
6.25
Derrick operators...........................
Onshore .......................................
Drillers, rotary.................................
Onshore .......................................
Floor workers, rotary......................
Onshore .......................................
Gasplant operators........................
Onshore .......................................
710
669
806
773
1,300
1,194
247
247
$8.83
8.61
10.20
10.04
8.07
7.90
14.67
14.67
Mechanics, maintenance...............
Onshore .......................................
Motor operators.............................
Onshore .......................................
Pumpers..........................................
Onshore .......................................
540
441
445
424
2,081
1,976
13.76
13.46
8.71
8.68
12.71
12.58
Roustabouts...................................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore .......................................
Truckdrivers....................................
Onshore .......................................
Welders, oil field............................
Onshore .......................................
1,458
1,211
247
340
340
80
65
10.92
10.85
11.31
8.74
8.74
9.56
9.35
_
4
5
-
6.25
and 6.50
under
6.50 6.75
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.50
12
13
28
31
-
_
-
8
8
12
12
3
3
6
6
-
p)
19
20
"
10
10
9
9
12
13
-
5
5
6
6
8
9
-
13
14
• 2
3
-
19
20
22
23
7
p>
-
p>
_
-
_
-
_
-
p>
1
1
16
16
3
3
p)
p>
p)
4
5
-
-
14
14
~
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
"
_
-
_
4
4 . ~
5
6
ft
ft
4 16
16
5 30
37
-
-
2
2
-
3
3
2
2
4
4
-
pi
16
17
"
1
2
~
12
8
31
24
24
3
3
4
5
3
4
1
1
1
1
-
4
4
8
8
10
11
p>
“
4
4
5
6
3
3
p>
1
1
“
pi
-
1
1
-
-
4
5
9
9
2
2
1
2
2
2
p>
3
3
18
19
1
1
5
6
p>
-
3
3
16
20
1 For definition of region, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
3 Less than 0.5 percent.
4 Workers were distributed as follows: 7 percent at $6 and under $6.25; 2 percent at $5.50 and under $5.75; and 7
percent at $5.25 and under $5.50.
pi
1
1
“
p>
p>
1
2
p>
-
2
2
5
-
1
1
“
9.50 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00
and
over
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00
4
1
5
5
2
2
2
3
ft
«
3
3
15
-
1
2
p)
-
3
4
18
19
8
9
2
p)
13
14
ft
1
ft
1
4
4
3
3
7
7
4
4
5
5
p)
ft
-
ft
ft
0
p)
_
_
2
2
1
1
_
-
4
5
_
-
1
1
3
1
-
_
20
18
-
_
_
-
_
_
_
1
1
p)
p>
_
_
_
1
1
_
3
4
5
-
_
-
1
1
_
1
1
-
3
2
5
1
1
1
1
-
2
2
_
-
~
_
2
2
26
31
4
1
1
_
-
_
-
2
2
_
-
5
5
2
2
7
7
6
6
7
8
18
11
49
_
_
_
-
4
4
7
7
10
16
16
_
-
2
2
_
_
_
_
1
_
15
15
3
_
_
_
_
_
16
16
39
43
_
_
6
1
19
11
_
_
4
4
_
_
_
_
_
43
43
_
_
_
_
19
19
5
7
5
6
_
_
30
31
_
_
16
17
1
1
1
1
.
2
2
4
5
p>
ft
15
14
_
1
1
10
12
_
_
_
_
_
1
_
_
_
_
7
6
_
_
1
1
p>
p)
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
5 All workers were at $5.75 and under $6.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. Overall classi
fications may include data for subclassifications not shown separately.
Table 12. Oil and gas extraction: Occupational earnings distribution-Oklahoma
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,1 June 1988)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Occupation2
Average
Number (mean) 6.00
of
and 6.25
hourly
workers earnings under
6.25 6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
13
5
7
34
9
3
14
9
-
8
10
16
ft
2
31
10
-
-
-
-
21
3
12
-
5
24
3
1
p)
6
14
p)
6
ft
1
1
-
1
7
24
2
6
5
p)
38
-
Derrick operators...........................
Drillers, rotary.................................
Floor workers, rotary......................
Gasplant operators........................
Mechanics, maintenance...............
Motor operators.............................
423
460
621
247
322
331
$8.68
10.53
8.00
14.67
14.08
8.45
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
6
18
-
-
-
-
p)
22
Pumpers..........................................
Roustabouts...................................
Truckdrivers....................................
Welders, oil field ............................
Well pullers ......................................
1,534
873
202
20
26
12.44
10.98
9.72
13.70
8.39
_
5
1
7
_
2
p)
-
31
-
-
~
_
_
2
-
”
10
6
10
“
_
-
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 All workers were onshore workers.
3 Less than 0.5 percent.
FRASER
Digitized for
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
9.50 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00
and
9.50 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 over
6.50
-
"
1
-
“
-
15
3
1
2
2
pi
2
4
-
9.00
'
3
6
32
6
11
1
“
p>
18
p)
p)
p)
-
p)
1
7
5
-
3
4
5
8
30
1
1
2
4
*
2
4
1
-
ft
“
2
4
-
~
2
ft
1
-
“
3
2
2
-
ft
•
"
2
29
2
-
3
13
-
5
3
8
7
21
-
43
5
“
19
8
“
15
41
”
16
16
~
32
1
1
40
16
2
3
15
2
p>
30
12
-
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data.
-
8
~
4
1
-
Table 13. Oil and gas extraction: Occupational earnings distribution-Louisiana
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,1 June 1988)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Occupation
Number (mean)
5.75
of
hourly
and 6.00
workers earnings Under
under
5.75
6.00 6.25
Derrick operators............................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore.......................................
Drillers, rotary.................................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore .......................................
Electricians, maintenance..............
Onshore .......................................
Offshore.......................................
827
376
451
864
367
497
454
112
342
$8.92
8.01
9.67
11.29
9.71
12.46
13.14
14.63
12.65
_
-
-
-
Floor workers, rotary......................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore .......................................
Gasplant operators.........................
Onshore .......................................
Hoist operators ..............................
Offshore.......................................
Mechanics, maintenance...............
Onshore .......................................
Offshore.......................................
2,100
759
1,341
418
220
93
91
1,209
438
771
8.49
7.60
9.00
14.87
14.39
10.28
10.36
14.03
14.06
14.01
_
-
_
-
4
11
-
Motor operators.............................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore.......................................
Pumpers............................ .............
Onshore .......................................
Offshore .......................................
Roustabouts...................................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore .......................................
427
171
256
2,001
1,066
935
2,881
985
1,896
8.98
8.01
9.63
13.70
12.91
14.61
10.25
11.62
9.55
_
-
_ 3
1
4
Truckdrivers....................................
Onshore .......................................
Welders, oil field.............................
Onshore .......................................
Offshore.......................................
125
125
261
31
230
8.68
8.68
9.52
10.47
9.39
5
7 14
“
_
-
1
1
“
_
-
_
-
1
2
0
1
_
-
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
9.00
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
9.00
9.50
_
-
6
13
-
6
13
-
6
13
3
7
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
3
7
-
13
9
16
3
7
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
28
35
21
3
7
_
1
5
-
15
5
23
1
2
_
_
_
-
5
13
_
"
_
_
_
-
11
8
12
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
ft
1
-
15
7
20
_
_
_
_
-
26
35
21
_
_
_
_
_
- y
22
5
32
_
_
17
18
ft
1
-
8
_
5
12
_
7
1
11
7
19
_
1
1
9
13
.
_
12
16
9
ft
ft
21
25
19
ft
2
2
3
2
2
-
2
7
-
2
_
-
8
2
12
2
2
-
4
10
7
16
3
1
4
_
-
1
3
3
7
-
2
3
2
1
3
17
17
-
2
5
_
-
_
_
-
3
7
2
4
1
4
4
4
“
3
6
4
4
_
_
-
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Less than 0.5 percent.
Workers were distributed as follows: 17 percent at $15.50 and under $16; and 5 percent at $16 and over.
All workers were at $15.50 and under $16.
Workers were distributed as follows: 16 percent at $15.50 and under $16; and 2 percent at $16 and over.
All workers were at $15.50 and under $16.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
_
3
7
3
_
_
-
2
4
_
_
1
1
7
10
13
13
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
.
_
_
_
-
2
3
_
1
2
1
1
ft
ft
ft
_
13
13
22
16
23
34
34
35
6
39
1
9.50 10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50
and
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 over
_
12
18
2
33
16
16
15
15
1
20
4
_
_
_
_
1
2
(2)
(2)
_
11
25
27
_
36
_
18
16
19
ft
1
2
10
9
1
9
7
17
16
2
2
16
4
13
1
12
1
3
1
_
-
2
-
2
8
5
9
19
61
6
3
21
13
23
(2)
_
_
15
15
1
3
-
_
_
13
13
8
2
11
26
17
_
_
_
_
3
7
-
_
_
53
54
10
_
15
_
_
ft
_
15
29
-
5
1
9
1
1
1
_
1
2
18
11
28
45
4 35
7
2
2
3
2
6
2
2
2
6
16
1
18
6
25
28
50
16
5 18
3
26
5
(*)
10
10
12
9
6
10
1
17
23
14
6
10
1
19
39
9
31
49
10
1
13
6
21
(*)
(*)
12
25
6 11
2
22
2
2
1
6
7
7
1
10
_
1
3
5
_
43
_
_
_
ft
1
-
29
4
8
_
ft
ft
1
_
_
13
13
13
11
45
7
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
1
2
3
11
_
_
1
1
_
_
1
2
1
_ .
_
_
13
-
-
-
•
"
-
1
-
-
(2)
3
-
1
7 Workers were distributed as follows: 2 percent at $5.50 and under $5.75; 5 percent at $5.25 and under $5.50;
and 6 percent at $5 and under $5.25.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. Overall classi
fications may include data for subclassifications not shown separately.
Table 14. Oil and gas extraction: Occupational earnings distribution-Texas
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,1 June 1988)
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
Occupation
Onshore ..........................................
Onshore .......................................
Average
Number (mean)
6.00
6.25
of
and
hourly
workers earnings Under under
6.00 6.25 6.50
1,362
1,254
108
1,522
1,422
100
387
363
24
$8.47
8.35
9.89
10.47
10.33
12.45
14.38
14.54
12.01
2,725
2,425
300
791
787
1,058
979
8.07
7.97
8.86
14.20
14.20
14.40
14.56
_
_
_
_
79
12.43
_
1,343
1,277
66
4,424
3,676
748
3,067
2,626
441
8.25
8.18
9.62
13.23
12.98
14.50
10.85
11.21
8.74
431
431
111
62
49
15
15
8.16
8.16
11.68
13.72
9.11
13.80
13.80
2
2
.
-
_
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
9.00
6.75
7.00
7.25
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
9.00
9.50
i2)
p>
p>
p)
3
3
21
23
9
9
13
14
16
18
14
15
7
16
17
8
9
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
p>
p)
2
2
-
-
2
2
1
1
_
_
_
_
2
2
_
7
8
_
_
ft
?)
_
-
i2)
3
3
1
-
_
5
6
24
27
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
p>
p>
p>
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
4
4
ft
8
8
1
1
-
1
2
1
2
4
2
17
1
16
18
37
_
_
_
7
_
2
2
_
17
17
1
1
1
1
_
_
_
5
6
5
_
35
35
_
p)
1
1
_
5
5
42
44
p)
p>
1
1
_
_
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
Less than 0.5 percent.
2
_
1
2
p>
-
5
5
_
-
3
3
p)
p)
1
1
3
8
8
-
-
-
15
13
29
28
25
52
1
1
10
11
19
20
p>
p)
p>
p)
4
4
8
4
4
1
1
-
5
3
22
1
1
8
3
63
38
40
5
3
33
2
1
5
p>
p>
3
1
-
-
p)
-
_
4
23
25
3
4
P)
i2)
3
2
10
10
9
36
6
8
3
52
2
2
3
3
3
4
1
1
-
5
6
p>
1
4
-
-
-
-
2
2
1
1
27
3
3
11
_
_
-
-
61
24
-
3
5
p>
1
1
4
p)
p)
1
p>
17
-
“
14
14
24
p)
p)
1
ft
8
4
4
-
-
3
52
1
1
8
1
-
8
-
~
~
-
p)
ft
"
ft
ft
~
-
-
4
3
42
-
4
2
2
T
“
21
23
~
24
25
33
35
-
"
~
*
"
~
“
“
_
5
1
33
3
4
1
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00
and
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 over
9.50
6
5
8
4
4
2
1
1
2
4
4
1
1
1
ft
2
2
1
2
2
1
“
-
3
25
25
4
26
26
18
26
26
43
5
5
11
2
1
5
1
1
1
-
-
1
3
-
2
10
3
8
20
-
44
25
12
“
1
1
-
-
-
“
~
”
~
"
30
29
34
2
2
17
19
8
1
1
-
p>
-
6
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
4
3
4
2
3
1
1
1
1
p)
p>
1
1
1
1
2
-
3
3
2
-
3
1
13
17
18
8
12
12
11
T5
18
12
12
1
2
"
-
13
13
53
53
7
-
-
-
2
3
-
-
-
-
_
2
2
5
20
22
13
9
16
2
3
ft
2
2
4
4
4
6
27
27
2
ft
12
“
6
6
6
-
2
7
6
14
ft
ft
-
-
-
~
29
52
“
-
“
-
1
"
"
“
-
1
2
~
-
“
-
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. Overall classifications may include data for subclassifications not shown separately.
Table 15. Oil and gas extraction: Occupational earnings distribution-Mountain States region
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,2 June 1988)
Occupation3
Number
of
workers
Average
(mean)
7.00
hourly
and 7.25
Under
earnings
under
7.00 7.25 7.50
Derrick operators...........................
Drillers, rotary.................................
Electricians, maintenance..............
Floor workers, rotary.....................
Gasplant operators........................
Mechanics, maintenance...............
596
607
31
989
233
232
$8.99
11.21
14.75
8.05
14.76
14.48
Motor operators.............................
Pumpers..........................................
Roustabouts...................................
Truckdrivers....................................
Welders, oil field............................
414
1,632
640
77
24
8.62
13.41
11.88
11.03
13.05
_
_
_
_
_
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourty earnings (in dollars) of—
7.50
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
7.75
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00
15.50 16.00 16.50
2
18
5
26
5
15
20
1
_
_
_
21
_
_
24
1
_
_
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
3
-
19
3
-
-
4
_
(4)
“
1
_
8
2
_
5
8
2
5
-
~
-
35
17
20
-
12
-
-
-
1
14
-
_
_
-
“
_
10
5
1
13
_
-
“
pi
-
-
-
“
4
41
3
1
1
<4)
-
1
-
_
_
-
“
35
32
19
13
-
6
10
26
19
27
21
42
33
3
15
19
27
13
40
1
2
1
16
7
25
8
_
2
9
8
13
5
18
-
-
”
-
3
-
1
-
5
-
1 For definition of region, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
3 All workers were onshore workers.
6
3
_
-
-
20
1
7
12
_
-
31
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50
16.00
-
1
-
9
4
3
5
-
-
4
6
3
7
-
6
1
-
50
4
-
-
4 Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data.
Table 16. Oil and gas extraction: Occupational earnings distribution-Caftfornia
(Percent distribution of workers in selected occupations by straight-time hourly earnings,' June 1988)
Average
Number
(mean)
7.50
of
hourly
and 7.75
workers earnings Under
under
7.50 7.75 8.00
Occupation
Derrick operators..............
Onshore ..........................
Offshore .........................
Drillers, rotary....................
Onshore ..........................
Offshore ..........................
Electricians, maintenance.
Onshore ......................... .
Offshore..........................
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
493
475
18
260
237
23
113
103
10
$12.93
13.02
10.47
13.38
13.28
14.32
15.16
15.30
13.69
~
~
9.99
10.12
9.09
14.91
14.89
15.19
15.22
-
Motor operators .
Onshore ..........
Pumpers.............
Onshore ..........
Roustabouts.......
Onshore ...........
Offshore...........
113
100
850
830
489
426
63
11.36
11.52
14.60
14.59
11.79
12.16
9.33
-
81
81
68
60
13.56
13.56
14.17
14.57
-
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
8.00
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
8.25
8.50
8.75
9.00
9.25
9.50
9.75
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 16.50
3
3
10
10
—
"
“
-
-
“
“
~
“
“
“
-
~
“
3
3
”
“
_
“
-
~
468
408
60
81
72
392
383
2 Less than 0.5 percent.
“
“
”
“
Floor workers, rotary.......
Onshore .........................
Offshore.........................
Gasplant operators..........
Onshore .........................
Mechanics, maintenance .
Onshore .........................
Truckdrivers........
Onshore ...........
Welders, oil field .
Onshore ...........
—
~
Percent of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of—
31
35
“
“
"
9
6
27
~
”
“
“
”
—
-
“
”
“
~
“
“
3
19
-
—
“
~
“
—
”
7
1
48
~
1
_1
~
-
-
-
—-
~
~
1
6
11
12
“
~
“
“
“
-
-
-
-
--
-
0ft
-
4
5
33
~
40
“
~
-
-
-
~
_
“
4
'
6
7
-
|
10.00 10.50 11.00 11.50 12.00 12.50 13.00 13.50 14.00 14.50 15.00 15.50 16.00 16.50
and
over
2
44
“
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
2
2
2
3
23
26
-
-
14
14
17
1
1
-
3
4
_
_
34
39
1
1
-
-
-
_
ft
ft
7
8
-
14
16
1
1
5
6
-
21
24
1
1
21
23
6
10
2
_
12
10
_
-
30
30
-
-
28
32
3
3
-
_
-
1
2
7
8
_
-
~
-
_
-
7
8
_
8
7
8
2
56
-
1
1
2
2
6
7
-
12
13
-
4
50
3
3
3
3
48
50
_
3
30
18
15
43
6
7
-
14
15
_
7
8
-
10
7
39
52
57
-
_
27
27
20
14
11
1
1
47
53
3
3
22
22
80
82
17
14
2
2
_
17
18
2
2
3
_
_
_
_
15
17
_
_
_
-
-
_
_
7
8
-
"
-
2
1
_
-
2
2
29
31
17
25
25
1
2
-
1
1
14
16
6
7
9
11
4
4
1
2
30
30
_
58
58
7
6
7
6
1
1
8
8
-
-
-
11
11
4
5
_
.
_
60
68
-_
-
-
~
-
3
3
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. Overall
classifications may include data for subclassifications not shown separately.
Table 17. Method of wage payment
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments by method of wage payment,’ United States, selected regions, and States,g June 1988)
Method
Commission ..................................
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All
establish
ments
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
94
82
13
5
2
6
5
99
93
75
18
6
2
9
7
100
97
92
6
3
<5)
2
3
100
94
74
21
10
100
92
75
17
100
97
71
26
26
100
96
78
18
11
100
95
82
12
100
97
71
26
26
100
92
61
31
10
3
17
8
100
89
39
49
21
100
95
82
13
22
11
13
1
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
-
10
6
.
--
-
-
-
-
-
17
8
7
4
3
_
_-
--
“
“
—
-
“
12
5
3
~
-
-
-
-
-
**■
'
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Midcontinent6
Great Lakes
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
93
79
55
24
8
2
14
14
88
69
46
23
8
100
95
70
25
8
6
11
5
100
92
71
21
9
5
7
8
100
94
69
25
10
8
7
6
100
90
75
14
6
100
93
77
16
10
3
3
7
100
91
69
22
15
4
4
9
100
98
98
100
95
93
100
93
100
7
6
1
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
100
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ I- - - - - - - - - - -
See footnotes at end of table.
Eiorder States
Western Pennsylvania
Middle Atlantic4
United States3
_
16
19
12
9
2
.
-
-
_-
-
'-
8
10
-
-
~
2
-
-
”
~
J
-
-•
-
“
“
J_ _ _ _ _ _ _
—
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 17. Method of wage payment—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments by method of wage payment,’ United States, selected regions, and States,2 June
1988)
Method
All
establish
ments
California
Mountain States
Texas
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All workers................................
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Time-rated workers............................
Formal plans.................................
Single rate............................
Range of rates......................
Length of service.............
Merit review......................
Combination......................
Individual rates............................
100
95
87
8
7
1
100
92
80
12
10
3
100
99
96
3
3
100
98
68
30
2
100
97
54
43
2
100
99
94
5
3
100
97
95
3
3
100
97
93
4
4
100
100
100
Incentive workers..............................
Individual piecework ....................
Commission ..................................
'
2
3
4
5
-
-
5
_
-
“
-
For definition of method of wage payment, see appendix A.
For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
Includes data for Western Pennsylvania shown separately.
Less than 0.5 percent.
1
”
-
28
2
-
8
_
“
-
-
41
3
-
-
_
-
-
2
1
-
3
"
-
3
-
-
'
6 Includes data for Oklahoma shown separately.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate no data.
Table 18. Scheduled weekly hours-land-based workers
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments by scheduled weekly hours,' United States, selected regions, and States,2 June 1988)
United States3
Weekly hours
All
establishments
Under 37.5 hours...............................
37.5 and under 40 hours..................
40 hours ..............................................
Over 40 and under 50 hours............
50 hours ..............................................
Over 50 and under 60 hours............
60 or more hours...............................
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
100
All land-based workers.............
(*)
(5)
1
61
13
3
7
(*)
Variable workweek*............................
Middle Atlantic
1
87
6
2
2
15
_
2
13
24
4
17
_
1
85
13
-
39
2
100
100
Under 37.5 hours...............................
37.5 and under 40 hours ..................
40 hours ..............................................
Over 40 and under 50 hours............
50 hours ..............................................
Over 50 and under 60 hours............
60 or more hours...............................
1
6
44
30
2
2
70
20
Variable workweek*............................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
7
2
1
9
100
-
12
6
45
3
3
2
86
12
100
-
83
14
1
85
13
3
-
48
30
19
12
~ •
10
-
70
24
6
3
86
11
100
-
-
1
44
25
-
83
14
10
75
10
2
3
3
-
-
20
9
-
-
20
80
100
-
-
70
19
4
7
-
-
75
16
23
9
46
1
64
14
1
1
31
19
100
100
100
100
-
”
30
-
100
Louisiana
100
53
18
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
-
“ *
-
100
100
~
-
_
All
establishments
Oklahoma
100
-
100
1
Border States
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
-
-
-
100
-
18
-
_
All
establishments
Midcontinent'
-
-
-
100
-
Great Lakes
All land-based workers.............
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
100
100
(*)
(*)
All
establishments
Western Pennsylvania
-
88
3
14
9
24
4
2
3
53
-
—
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 18. Scheduled weekly hours-land-based workers—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments by scheduled weekly hours,1 United States, selected regions, and States,2 June
1988)
Texas
Weekly hours
All
establish
ments
All land-based workers.............
Under 37.5 hours...............................
37.5 and under 40 hours ..................
40 hours ..............................................
Over 40 and under 50 hours............
50 hours..............................................
Over 50 and under 60 hours............
60 or more hours...............................
Variable workweek7............................
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
_
100
_
58
10
-
14
Mountain States
100
_
90
3
-
4
All
establish
ments
-
_
30
2
69
15
-
3
37
1 Data relate to the predominant schedule for full-time, land-based,
day-shift workers in each establishment.
2 For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
' Includes data for Western Pennsylvania shown separately.
5 Less than 0.5 percent.
° Variable workweeks include requirements for employees to routinely
100
100
1
13
-
All
establish
ments
100
_
_
-
17
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
12
21
California
-
5
9
45
3
39
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
_
100
100
_
73
3
_
23
100
_
_
-
_
13
_
_
87
work schedules that vary from one week to the next, such as 48 hours in
one week and 40 the next; or schedules of 12 hours on duty, then 12
hours off duty for 10 days, then 10 days off.
7 Includes data for Oklahoma shown separately.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
100. Dashes indicate no data.
Table 19. Shift differential provisions
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments by shift differential provisions,' United States, selected regions, and States,2 June 1988)
United States3
Shift differential
All
establish
ments
Western Pennsylvania
Middle Atlantic
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas
field
operations
Border States
Contract
drilling
operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
Second shift
Workers in establishments with
second-shift provisions...................
With shift differential....................
Uniform cents per hour........
20 cents...........................
25 cents...........................
30 cents...........................
50 cents..........................
55 cents..................................................
$1 ....................................................................
Other formal paid differential
69.2
29.6
29.5
.3
.1
.3
27.4
.3
1.0
70.7
49.1
49.0
.6
.2
.5
45.5
.1
.1
64.9
28.6
28.5
66.5
47.4
47.3
1.1
.2
45.5
66.9
57.0
-
-
-
29.8
97.2
62.2
34.7
97.2
37.4
37.4
33.8
24.6
9.1
80.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
“
“
-
59.1
18.5
16.7
12.2
4.5
-
-
-
-
1.8
3.6
60.3
18.5
16.7
12.2
4.5
37.4
37.4
33.8
24.6
9.1
Third shift
Workers in establishments with
third-shift provisions............................................
With shift differential.....................................
Uniform cents per hour...............
30 cents...........................
50 cents..................................................
$1 ....................................................................
$1.10 ...........................................................
Other formal paid differential
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
.6
.1
27.4
.3
.1
.6
.1
62.5
39.2
-
97.2
42.8
-
97.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
“
“
_
1.8
82.7
-
-
3.6
~
Table 19. Shift differential provisions—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments by shift differential provisions,’ United States, selected regions, and States,2 June 1988)
Midcontinent5
Great Lakes
Shift differential
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oklahoma
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Louisiana
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
Second shift
Workers in establishments with
second-shift provisions...................
With shift differential....................
Uniform cents per hour........
20 cents...........................
25 cents...........................
30 cents...........................
50 cents...........................
55 cents...........................
$1 .....................................
Other formal paid differential
55.2
15.7
15.7
15.7
-
39.5
25.2
25.2
25.2
-
—
—
-
81.4
—
-
69.8
29.1
29.1
29.1
-
65.9
43.0
43.0
43.0
—
-
'
77.9
—
-
82.1
35.0
35.0
35.0
—
-
74.7
49.3
49.3
49.3
-
100.0
-
58.4
32.6
32.6
32.6
—
-
77.6
59.7
59.7
59.7
-
-
100.0
-
55.2
32.6
32.6
-
77.6
59.7
59.7
-
28.2
-
-
-
-
35.2
-
Third shift
Workers in establishments with
third-shift provisions........................
With shift differential....................
Uniform cents per hour........
30 cents...........................
50 cents...........................
$1 .....................................
$1.10................................
Other formal paid differential
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
55.2
15.7
15.7
-
39.5
25.2
25.2
-
81.4
-
69.8
29.1
29.1
-
65.9
43.0
43.0
-
77.9
-
82.1
35.0
35.0
-
74.7
49.3
49.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15.7
-
25.2
-
-
29.1
-
“
43.0
-
-
-
35.0
-
49.3
-
-
32.6
59.7
-
-
-
-
“
~
-
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 19. Shift differential provisions—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments by shift differential provisions,' United States, selected regions, and States2 June
1988)
Texas
Shift differential
All
establish
ments
Mountain States
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
California
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
Second shift
Workers in establishments with
second-shift provisions...................
With shift differential....................
Uniform cents per hour........
20 cents...........................
25 cents...........................
30 cents...........................
50 cents...........................
55 cents...........................
$1 .....................................
Other formal paid differential
73.2
24.5
24.5
-
73.0
43.9
43.9
-
73.5
-
-
-
.9
23.6
-
1.6
42.3
-
_
-
-
71.2
35.9
35.9
-
64.3
54.8
54.8
84.4
_
-
_
_
_
24.3
3.0
8.6
-
_
37.1
4.6
13.1
-
_
_
_
-
63.0
27.3
27.3
51.2
41.7
41.7
92.3
49.4
49.4
_
_
_
49.4
_
_
-
95.8
68.1
68.1
_
_
68.1
_
_
-
_
92.3
49.4
49.4
_
_
49.4
_
95.8
68.1
68.1
_
_
68.1
_
-
83.3
_
_
_
_
_
83.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
Third shift
Workers in establishments with
third-shift provisions........................
With shift differential....................
Uniform cents per hour........
30 cents...........................
50 cents...........................
$1 .....................................
$1.10................................
Other formal paid differential
65.9
24.5
24.5
.9
-
23.6
66.1
43.9
43.9
1.6
-
42.3
-
-
“
“
65.7
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
1 Refers to policies of establishments currently operating late shifts or
having provisions covering late shifts.
2 For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
4 Includes data for Western Pennsylvania shown separately.
24.3
3.0
37.1
4.6
85.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
5 Includes data for Oklahoma shown separately,
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate no data.
Table 20. Shift differential practices
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments employed on late shifts by amount of pay differential, United States, selected regions, and States,' June 1988)
United States2
Shift differential
All
establish
ments
Middle Atlantic3
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Western Pennsylvania
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Border States
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
Second shift
Workers employed on second shift..
Receiving differential...................
Uniform cents per hour........
20 cents...........................
25 cents...........................
30 cents...........................
50 cents...........................
55 cents...........................
$1 .....................................
Other formal paid differential
15.3
3.5
3.5
t5)
(5)
3.2
<5)
.2
(5)
11.6
5.8
5.8
(5)
.1
5.3
0
.4
<5)
20.9
-
10.0
-
-
0.5
23.9
-
10.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12.1
1.5
1.5
0
(5)
1.4
(5>
(5>
7.8
2.4
2.4
18.6
-
_
-
23.9
-
0.6
23.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7.8
.7
.2
-
.2
.5
1.3
1.3
.3
-
.3
1.0
14.0
-
Third shift
Workers employed on third shift......
Receiving differential...................
Uniform cents per hour........
30 cents...........................
50 cents...........................
$1 .....................................
$1.10................................
Other formal paid differential
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(5)
(5)
2.3
(6)
(5)
9.6
-
10.5
-
_
-
23.9
-
7.8
.4
.2
-
.2
.3
.8
.8
.3
-
.3
.5
14.5
-
Table 20. Shift differential practices—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments employed on late shifts by amount of pay differential, United States, selected regions, and States,' June 1988)
Midcontinenf*
Great Lakes
Shift differential
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oklahoma
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Louisiana
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
Second shift
Workers employed on second shift..
Receiving differential ...................
Uniform cents per hour........
20 cents...........................
25 cents...........................
30 cents...........................
50 cents...........................
55 cents...........................
$1 .....................................
Other formal paid differential
8.8
.5
.5
-
.5
-
2.7
.9
.9
-
.9
-
18.9
-
14.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
-
10.0
3.4
3.4
3.4
-
23.1
~
-
14.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
12.4
.6
.6
-
7.5
.9
.9
-
22.7
-
14.9
1,0
1.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
8.6
1.5
1.5
30.4
_
-
17.2
7.9
7.9
_
7.9
-
19.8
14.5
14.5
_
14.5
-
14.1
_
_
_
-
9.2
1.6
1.6
8.2
2.9
2.9
-
30.4
-
_
10.5
-
-
-
-
-
1.5
-
Th|rd shift
Workers employed on third shift......
Receiving differential ...................
Uniform cents per hour........
30 cents...........................
50 cents...........................
$1 .....................................
$1.10 ................................
Other formal paid differential
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
8.8
.5
.5
2.7
.9
.9
-
-
18.9
-
-
-
-
.5
-
.9
-
.6
-
-
.9
-
1.0
-
8.6
1.5
1.5
-
1.5
-
-
_
-
1.6
-
-
2.9
-
-
Table 20. Shift differential practices—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments employed on late shifts by amount of pay differential, United States, selected
regions, and States,1 June 1988)
Texas
Shift differential
All
establish
ments
Mountain States
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
California
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
Second shift
K>
Vi
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Workers employed on second shift..
Receiving differential ...................
Uniform cents per hour........
20 cents..........................
25 cents..........................
30 cents..........................
50 cents..........................
55 cents...........................
$1 ....................................
Other formal paid differential
16.7
1.6
1.6
-
.1
1.5
-
11.4
2.9
2.9
_
.2
2.7
-
23.3
_
-
13.8
2.9
2.9
7.4
4.4
4.4
26.1
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
.9
.1
1.9
-
_
1.3
.2
2.9
-
_
_
17.1
5.5
5.5
12.9
7.6
7.6
28.2
_
_
_
_
5.5
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
7.6
_
_
-
Third shift
Workers employed on third shift......
Receiving differential ...................
Uniform cents per hour........
30 cents..........................
50 cents..........................
$1 ....................................
$1.10 ...............................
Other formal paid differential
14.2
1.6
1.6
.1
-
10.1
2.8
2.8
.2
-
1.5
2.7
-
-
—
”
Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
Includes data for Western Pennsylvania shown separately.
Includes data for Oklahoma shown separately.
19.3
-
12.1
1.0
1.0
4.5
1.5
1.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
.9
.1
-
“
1.3
.2
“
26.5
_
_
_
_
15.1
3.8
3.8
27.8
_
_
3.8
_
_
10.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
_
_
“
'
-
Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate no data.
Table 21. Paid holidays
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with formal provisions for paid holidays, United States, selected regions, and States,’ June 1988)
Middle Atlantic3
United States2
Benefit
All workers.................................
/orkers in establishments providing
paid holidays....................................
1 day..............................................
2 days ............................................
3 days ............................................
4 days ............................................
5 days ............................................
5 days plus 1 or 2 half days......
6 days ............................................
7 days ............................................
7 days plus 1 or 2 half days ......
8 days ............................................
8 days plus 1 or 2 half days ......
9 days ............................................
9 days plus 1 or 2 half days ......
10 days ..........................................
11 days ..........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
100
100
100
100
100
100
72
4
3
97
1
33
8
9
1
2
3
77
100
42
(5)
1
2
(6)
2
(5)
(5)
5
1
8
1
(5>
(5)
6
3
(s)
(5)
7
7
0
(5)
43
1
71
1
-
2
1
0
(5)
“
-
7
1
All
establish
ments
-
10
13
9
“
-
75
4
35
2
11
15
-
7
59
4
-
100
100
100
42
52
—
11
17
14
9
2
“
0
(5)
-
“
37
1
100
100
92
13
17
11
16
“
4
-
66
3
“
”
“
“
“
25
“
-
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
“
-
25
-
All
establish
ments
100
-
5
3
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
-
Border States
Western Pennsylvania
7
1
14
3
2
3
1
12
5
1
21
24
2
1
3
45
4
-
4
5
Table 21. Paid holidays—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with formal provisions for paid holidays, United States, selected regions, and States,’ June 1988)
Great Lakes
Benefit
All
establish
ments
All workers.................................
Workers in establishments providing
paid holidays....................................
1 day..............................................
2 days ............................................
3 days ............................................
4 days ............................................
5 days............................................
5 days plus 1 or 2 half days ......
6 days ............................................
7 days ............................................
7 days plus 1 or 2 half days ......
8 days ............................................
8 days plus 1 or 2 half days ......
9 days ............................................
9 days plus 1 or 2 half days......
10 days..........................................
11 days..........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
66
6
2
-
-
1
2
18
1
1
1
1
8
22
3
Midcontinenf
-
-
All
establish
ments
Oklahoma
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Louisiana
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
85
33
17
6
78
13
93
8
48
23
73
10
88
4
35
27
62
100
17
2
3
28
2
1
1
2
6
36
5
ft
-
-
-
3
2
11
1
ft
11
-
_
14
1
6
-
_
5
_
_
5
8
2
-
6
_
63
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
ft
42
_
_
9
_
_
_
ft
“
_
_
_
_
5
11
2
_
_
_
7
_
_
_
_
6
_
47
“
5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
66
9
_
_
-
11
5
9
5
7
4
8
1
3
42
73
2
4
Table 21. Paid holidays—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with formal provisions for paid holidays, United States, selected regions, and
States,' June 1988)
All
establishments
Benefit
All workers.............................
N>
00
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Workers in establishments providing
paid holidays................................
1 day..........................................
2 days .......................................
3 days .......................................
4 days .......................................
5 days .......................................
5 days plus 1 or 2 half days ...
6 days .......................................
7 days .......................................
7 days plus 1 or 2 half days ...
8 days .......................................
8 days plus 1 or 2 half days ..
9 days .......................................
9 days plus 1 or 2 half days ..
10 days..................................... .
11 days ..................................... ■
’
2
3
*
For definitions of
Includes data for
Includes data for
Includes data for
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
100
71
4
7
All
establishments
100
100
100
98
38
8
16
81
6
-
5
3
(5)
7
0
1
-
4
42
75
1
100
100
100
-
45
17
_
19
1
-
-
-
-
-
regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
regions in addition to those shown separately.
Western Pennsylvania shown separately.
Oklahoma shown separately.
_
83
“
_
18
24
46
4
70
6
7
100
39
—
-
1
2
70
-
25
7
-
2
-
100
_
“
1
4
6
100
”
-
-
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
100
4
_
(s)
12
All
establishments
-
-
I
12
8
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
*
7
<5)
California
Mountain States
Texas
7
97
-
'
5 Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate no data.
Table 22. Paid vacations
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States, selected regions, and States,1
United States2
Benefit
All
establish
ments
All workers................................
Middle Atlantic3
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Western Pennsylvania
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Border States
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
74
74
97
97
38
38
72
72
100
100
32
32
70
70
100
100
32
32
69
69
93
93
46
46
1
24
2
40
1
24
2
44
21
30
13
32
37
32
35
58
38
3
32
22
6
38
45
2
86
5
3
17
13
6
19
14
32
45
19
24
41
8
13
15
6
10
19
19
39
76
3
Method of payment
Workers in establishments providing
paid vacations ................................
Length-of-time payment..............
Amount of vacation
pay5
After 6 months of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week...........................................
Over 1 and under 2 weeks.........
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week ...........................................
2 weeks .....................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
After 2 years of sen/ice:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week ...........................................
Over 1 and under 2 weeks.........
2 weeks .........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
After 5 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week..........................................
Over 1 and under 2 weeks.........
2 weeks .........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
3 weeks .........................................
Over 3 and under 4 weeks.........
After 8 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week ...........................................
2 weeks .........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
3 weeks.........................................
Over 3 and under 4 weeks.........
4 weeks .........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(')
<7)
20
2
(')
29
2
(7)
13
60
1
0
8
89
(')
68
1
(')
2
(7)
(7)
(')
0
17
1
53
ft
95
_
_
_
16
80
-
-
0
85
0
(')
12
45
43
-
7
14
9
_
_
-
-
-
_
32
43
27
_
-
12
2
_
86
_
53
47
-
32
15
3
55
97
_
27
2
51
-
7
7
5
_
-
17
8
14
36
1
25
_
_
-
45
2
41
-
7
7
21
1
36
-
12
33
1
25
5
19
1
12
1
11
7
40
26
_
C)
"
20
16
2
20
1
11
1
0
(7)
2
14
1
56
5
1
_
<7)
0
0
0
1
(7)
0
-
0
5
0
-
_
-
52
2
45
-
-
12
25
2
61
-
17
14
8
23
1
38
_
_
-
17
14
_
29
2
69
-
-
2
-
5
Table 22. Paid vacations—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States, selected regions, and States,1
June 1988)
Middle Atlantic3
United States2
Benefit
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Western Pennsylvania
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Border States
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
17
13
3
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
Amount of vacation
pay5—Continued
After 10 years of service:
(7)
2
12
0
0
10
(7)
0
11
12
46
76
(7)
o
After 15 years of service:
2
12
(7)
9
9
79
9
49
0
(')
0
0
After 20 years of service:
0
2
12
1
_
(7)
0
5
17
1
10
3
1
1
9
0
o
8
9
9
7
0
o
71
43
(')
0
(7)
(')
After 25 years of service:
o
2
12
_
_
(')
0
5
17
1
10
3
1
2
9
0
C)
8
8
9
6
0
0
71
44
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
5
17
1
10
4
0
(')
See footnotes at end of table.
7
7
9
(7)
<7)
_
12
17
-
15
32
41
25
25
7
7
7
7
7
7
_
-
-
-
-
17
12
37
45
6
6
-
19
-
-
22
5
60
20
41
12
14
-
-
8
8
_
14
-
-
-
13
3
-
-
17
69
16
38
14
17
-
-
-
_
15
61
6
6
-
-
-
23
30
14
19
-
19
8
27
53
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
17
_
12
5
21
50
14
58
33
-
-
-
3
45
24
-
19
5
25
11
22
8
-
19
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
-
6
6
13
3
-
6
21
10
12
-
17
-
-
-
14
_
_
30
8
8
_
_
9
12
_
18
12
15
36
_
_
-
27
25
-
_
_
_
-
14
-
_
_
8
10
_
_
_
0
0
(')
0
5
17
1
13
1
1
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
7
7
_
12
17
_
12
5
18
52
31
_
_
_
_
14
-
-
6
6
-
-
22
6
14
-
58
33
_
13
3
-
6
21
10
12
14
17
-
-
-
_
_
9
11
8
8
_
-
19
5
25
8
-
-
-
3
47
25
-
19
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Table 22. Paid vacations—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States, selected regions, and States,'
Jnited States2
Benefit
All
establish
ments
Middle Atlantic3
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Western Pennsylvania
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Border States
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
Amount of vacation
pay5—Continued
After 30 years of service:6
Under 1 week...............................
1 week...........................................
2 weeks.........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
3 weeks.........................................
4 weeks........................................
Over 4 and under 5 weeks.........
5 weeks.........................................
Over 5 and under 6 weeks.........
6 weeks .........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
0
2
12
(7)
0
0
(?)
9
6
0
5
17
1
10
3
1
2
9
8
8
0
8
0
12
0
36
7
7
7
-
_
60
“
_
12
_
_
17
-
8
8
_
12
_
5
18
_
10
12
6
21
_
13
24
19
35
17
13
3
6
6
19
14
22
4
25
4
19
21
40
3
6
12
14
_
9
11
_
13
_
_
23
_
18
14
_
30
“
-
-
Table 22. Paid vacations—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States, selected regions, and States,'
June 1988)
Midcontinent4
Great Lakes
Benefit
All
establish
ments
All workers.................................
Oil and gas
field
operations
Contract
drilling
operations
All
establish
ments
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
81
81
90
90
67
67
77
77
88
88
52
52
77
77
90
90
44
44
58
58
100
100
8
8
15
3
21
3
9
13
28
15
9
14
63
Method of payment
Workers in establishments providing
paid vacations .................................
Length-of-time payment..............
Amount of vacation
pay5
After 6 months of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week...........................................
Over 1 and under 2 weeks.........
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week ...........................................
2 weeks.........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
After 2 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week...........................................
-
-
-
2 weeks.........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
After 5 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week...........................................
Over 1 and under 2 weeks.........
2 weeks.........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
3 weeks .........................................
Over 3 and under 4 weeks.........
After 8 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week..........................................
2 weeks........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks........
3 weeks ........................................
Over 3 and under 4 weeks........
4 weeks ........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
_
“
17
3
43
36
2
19
2
58
2
3
2
42
1
30
2
2
44
33
2
-
-
-
-
-
27
5
31
55
3
12
3
71
3
2
3
31
2
49
3
-
62
5
-
_
30
37
-
-
6
61
-
-
17
57
3
1
“
“
-
72
3
0
1
-
26
3
47
12
77
88
20
-
-
-
68
3
40
9
3
38
9
2
34
-
6
61
-
1
24
3
49
-
19
69
-
—
16
“
“
-
2
10
81
“
-
25
19
90
2
57
~
39
“
-
5
“
7
51
-
11
88
—
-
-
_
1
58
100
0
3
6
1
7
“
1
1
19
0
81
46
3
40
0
<7)
75
“
12
36
15
—
(')
0
“
54
2
18
22
(7)
5
-
~
(7)
_
“
-
3
4
'
—
3
33
9
6
5
0
21
-
~
_
75
0
-
“
—
“
~
”
-
52
3
-
“
5
27
15
76
-
“
1
10
—
15
0
(7)
12
“
“
84
48
“
~
1
3
4
Table 22. Paid vacations—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States selected reqions and States'
June 1988)
'
'
Great Lakes
Benefit
All
establish
ments
Midcontinent'
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oklahoma
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Louisiana
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
Amount of vacation
pay5—Continued
After 10 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week...........................................
2 weeks .........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
3 weeks .........................................
4 weeks
....................................
Over 4 and under 5 weeks.........
After 15 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week...........................................
2 weeks .........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
3 weeks .........................................
4 weeks.........................................
Over 4 and under 5 weeks.........
5 weeks.........................................
After 20 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week...........................................
2 weeks .........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
3 weeks.........................................
4 weeks.........................................
Over 4 and under 5 weeks.........
5 weeks .........................................
Over 5 and under 6 weeks.........
6 weeks......................................
After 25 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week...........................................
2 weeks.........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
3 weeks.........................................
4 weeks.........................................
Over 4 and under 5 weeks.........
5 weeks.........................................
Over 5 and under 6 weeks.........
6 weeks.........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
-
2
33
18
26
2
2
29
19
29
2
-
-
_
-
_
23
22
41
3
2
29
13
13
1
21
1
_
-
19
46
3
-
16
15
2
34
1
-
18
-
1
20
3
5
7
_
2
18
5
27
_
14
1
10
15
1
3
2
46
3
81
4
1
10
15
1
3
3
81
4
0
_
9
49
-
3
29
9
6
5
16
-
8
69
-
4
8
_
41
12
0
-
-
14
5
27
6
71
3
9
_
C)
_
5
53
-
2
18
-
-
14
5
27
3
11
2
12
3
9
44
62
_
0
2
46
-
1
10
(7)
_
-
1
3
15
(7)
2
4
3
8
42
73
_
60
-
2
18
-
3
29
9
6
5
16
_
_
_
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
4
-
_
1
20
3
5
5
8
11
_
_
16
_
4
8
_
42
_
_
_
_
6
43
_
3
29
9
11
_
-
6
66
-
_
16
15
2
34
1
6
64
_
_
8
11
_
_
_
_
_
-
21
_
_
18
_
1
20
3
6
46
6
43
-
_
13
13
1
21
1
_
_
-
21
_
-
_
_
2
29
11
6
43
-
_
1
22
3
7
44
-
21
-
-
-
_
6
51
_
-
-
’
-
_
3
29
9
6
2
18
3
8
2
12
3
2
4
3
8
5
47
62
9
42
73
5
27
_
14
1
10
0
_
1
3
15
(7)
_
60
4
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Table 22. Paid vacations—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States, selected regions, and States,'
June 1988)_______________________________________________________________________________
Midcontinent4
Great Lakes
Benefit
All
establishments
Oil and gas
field
operations
Contract
drilling
operations
All
establishments
_
-
-
—
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All
establishments
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All
establishments
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
Amount of vacation
pay5—Continued
After 30 years of service:6
2
29
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
Over 4 and under 5 weeks.........
6 weeks.........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
21
-
13
13
1
2
1
20
6
43
_
16
15
2
3
1
31
-
8
11
-
_
-
1
20
3
5
5
16
_
-
16
-
4
8
22
-
_
26
38
"
3
29
9
6
5
”
~
2
18
3
8
-
18
29
—
~
14
"
-
2
12
22
40
“
'
1
10
5
27
0
0
3
2
4
9
4
-
38
1
3
15
3
8
-
3
70
~
-
4
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 22. Paid vacations—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United
States, selected regions, and States,' June 1988)
Texas
Benefit
All
establish
ments
All workers.................................
Mountain States
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
California
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
75
75
100
100
42
42
90
90
100
100
72
72
81
81
100
100
30
30
31
4
40
5
6
100
Method of payment
Workers in establishments providing
paid vacations .................................
Length-of-time payment..............
Amount of vacation
pay5
After 6 months of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week ...........................................
Over 1 and under 2 weeks.........
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 week ...............................
1 week ..........................................
2 weeks.........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
After 2 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week ...........................................
Over 1 and under 2 weeks.........
2 weeks.........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
After 5 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week ..........................................
Over 1 and under 2 weeks.........
2 weeks .........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
3 weeks .........................................
Over 3 and under 4 weeks.........
After 8 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week ...........................................
2 weeks .........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
3 weeks ........................................
Over 3 and under 4 weeks.........
4 weeks .........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
-
-
18
"
-
-
25
-
7
68
-
2
98
-
12
30
-
-
-
6
-
-
69
-
2
-
98
-
-
-
11
-
2
9
-
-
_
_
8
-
-
92
_
100
4
21
_
27
_
_
_
_
-
-
76
3
_
_
15
59
85
_
_
1
_
99
-
2
4
_
1
_
_
6
_
_
_
100
12
12
_
_
_
6
1
99
12
_
_
12
-
_
11
59
_
12
_
72
3
18
_
-
4
_
1
-
_
2
_
_
-
_
_
11
_
65
2
58
-
1
99
_
_
_
-
_
6
72
3
14
_
_
_
6
10
-
100
_
56
_
54
18
-
30
-
_
_
_
27
-
-
_
10
89
63
4
_
4
-
86
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
61
_
6
-
11
5
32
-
_
24
11
_
19
72
_
10
-
-
-
_
-
_
2
_
17
7
-
-
-
_
9
1
_
72
3
6
12
_
99
_
-
_
_
12
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 22. Paid vacations—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service. United
States, selected regions, and States,1 June 1988)
______________________________________
Benefit
All
establish
ments
California
Mountain States
Texas
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas
field
operations
Contract
drilling
operations
Amount of vacation
pay5—Continued
After 10 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week...........................................
2 weeks .........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
3 weeks .........................................
4 weeks.........................................
Over 4 and under 5 weeks.........
After 15 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week........................ ............ —
2 weeks............. ...........................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
3 weeks.........................................
4 weeks.........................................
Over 4 and under 5 weeks.........
5 weeks.........................................
After 20 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week...........................................
2 weeks.........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
3 weeks.........................................
4 weeks.........................................
Over 4 and under 5 weeks.........
5 weeks .........................................
Over 5 and under 6 weeks.........
6 weeks .........................................
After 25 years of service:
Under 1 week...............................
1 week...........................................
2 weeks.........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks........
3 weeks ........................................
4 weeks ........................................
-
2
7
17
48
-
2
7
15
50
-
-
-
5
10
85
See footnotes at end of table.
-
-
4
21
16
50
27
-
“
“
~
2
7
15
9
-
5
6
10
10
85
21
6
“
-
~
-
-
-
5
10
11
-
-
74
41
-
-
24
75
“
1
1
-
-
1
11
58
9
56
14
85
1
1
2
7
-
14
9
6
10
4
21
21
6
9
7
“
-
-
5
10
11
-
_
74
41
0
6
10
-
-
_
-
1
”
21
6
-
“
“
'
—
-
”
4
21
49
“
1
14
10
-
11
58
”
1
1
9
3
“
1
14
5
-
-
81
53
"
~
3
70
3
2
3
2
69
3
1
2
3
2
4
96
0
“
“
1
1
—
—
12
-
6
12
—
3
95
“
-
-
12
-
6
12
“
“
3
“
-
96
—
12
0
2
3
2
~
—
6
12
3
o
0
3
70
”
(7)
—
-
—
(')
~
0
11
58
6
12
-
3
70
~
4
21
“
75
“
-
2
3
11
58
1
”
_
5 weeks........................................
Over 5 and under 6 weeks........
6 weeks ........................................
6
10
-
-
-
0
96
-
12
Table 22. Paid vacations—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United
States, selected regions, and States,1 June 1988)
Texas
Benefit
All
establish
ments
Mountain States
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All
establish
ments
California
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
Amount of vacation
pay15—Continued
234
After 30 years of service:6
1 week..........................................
2 weeks........................................
Over 2 and under 3 weeks.........
3 weeks ........................................
4 weeks ........................................
Over 4 and under 5 weeks.........
5 weeks ........................................
Over 5 and under 6 weeks.........
6 weeks ........................................
-J
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
• **
2
7
-
5
-
-
37
-
67
-
“
1 For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
3 Includes data for Western Pennsylvania shown separately.
4 Includes data for Oklahoma shown separately.
5 Vacation payments, such as percent of annual earnings, were con
verted to an equivalent time basis. Periods of service were chosen arbi
trarily and do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions
for progression. For example, changes indicated at 20 years may include
2
4
21
21
6
-
7
4
-
-
10
11
14
9
-
6
10
-
_
-
9
3
-
15
38
11
58
1
-
14
5
-
23
58
-
1
1
“
2
3
-
2
0
-
3
0
3
3
-
6
12
_
67
_
-
12
4
_
92
_
-
changes that occurred between 15 and 20 years.
6 Vacation provisions were virtually the same after longer periods of
service.
7 Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate no data.
Table 23. Health, insurance, and retirement plans
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,' United States, selected regions, and States,2 June 1988)
United States3
Benefit
All workers.................................
Workers in establishments offering:
Life insurance...............................
Noncontributory plans..........
Accidental death and
dismemberment insurance.......
Noncontributory plans..........
Sickness and accident insurance
or sick leave or both6...............
Sickness and accident
insurance............................
Noncontributory plans....
Sick leave (full pay, no
waiting period) ...................
Sick leave (partial pay or
waiting period) ...................
Long-term disability insurance....
Noncontributory plans..........
Hospitalization, surgical, and
medical insurance.....................
Noncontributory plans..........
Health maintenance
organizations..............................
Noncontributory plans..........
Dental care...................................
Noncontributory plans..........
Vision care....................................
Noncontributory plans..........
Alcohol and drug abuse
treatment....................................
Noncontributory plans..........
Hearing care.................................
Noncontributory plans..........
Retirement plans7.........................
Pensions................................
Noncontributory plans....
Lump sum..............................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
All
establish
ments
Western Pennsylvania
Middle Atlantic
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Border States
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
94
64
98
69
89
57
99
70
99
79
100
58
100
68
100
77
100
58
83
32
88
41
78
23
74
45
75
43
74
48
75
75
87
87
58
58
74
74
86
86
58
58
77
30
85
38
69
23
68
88
37
67
87
39
69
92
39
60
86
34
22
16
19
15
27
18
60
50
74
74
39
14
62
51
81
81
39
14
37
29
42
39
31
19
53
84
8
20
33
19
34
27
51
3
2
38
21
1
48
27
3
22
12
7
7
1
28
4
3
45
7
96
30
99
28
91
32
100
57
90
33
97
63
21
3
69
14
10
7
31
5
84
18
11
10
6
1
46
8
7
3
83
27
8
6
68
63
59
24
90
25
8
8
86
83
81
34
72
29
8
3
40
34
26
9
-
55
28
13
4
7
-
93
50
66
46
12
7
60
58
54
8
-
39
73
71
64
2
-
14
100
44
-
7
7
-
100
59
100
44
88
54
-
-
~
12
12
100
66
4
-
-
12
12
-
_
100
71
100
44
59
29
14
5
75
51
14
8
92
51
86
57
-
14
100
44
59
56
53
9
-
72
70
64
3
42
39
39
17
-
42
17
-
42
39
39
17
45
8
16
2
39
82
4
-
~
13
~
48
45
45
20
66
17
14
5
54
35
“
-
71
67
67
14
24
-
19
31
26
23
23
26
Table 23. Health, Insurance, and retirement plans—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,1 United States, selected regions, and States,2 June 1988)
Mid continent5
Great Lakes
Benefit
All workers.................................
Workers in establishments offering:
Life insurance...............................
Noncontributory plans..........
Accidental death and
dismemberment insurance.......
Noncontributory plans..........
Sickness and accident insurance
or sick leave or both6...............
Sickness and accident
insurance............................
Noncontributory plans....
Sick leave (full pay, no
waiting period) ...................
Sick leave (partial pay or
waiting period) ...................
Long-term disability insurance....
Noncontributory plans..........
Hospitalization, surgical, and
medical insurance.....................
Noncontributory plans..........
Health maintenance
organizations..............................
Noncontributory plans..........
Dental care...................................
Noncontributory plans..........
Vision care....................................
Noncontributory plans..........
Alcohol and drug abuse
treatment....................................
Noncontributory plans..........
Hearing care.................................
Noncontributory plans..........
Retirement plans7.........................
Pensions................................
Noncontributory plans....
Lump sum..............................
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oklahoma
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Louisiana
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
81
61
70
57
100
68
87
56
97
68
67
31
88
60
95
69
70
39
96
60
100
64
90
55
62
42
56
43
72
41
63
34
70
40
49
23
67
40
72
47
54
23
77
39
74
33
81
46
67
68
65
52
74
6
57
76
9
73
87
57
42
36
28
23
65
57
8
8
11
11
1
1
4
4
6
6
22
16
17
17
29
15
24
39
87
18
11
24
17
17
20
17
52
29
10
21
7
93
44
88
38
100
30
91
13
20
2
60
33
13
10
23
3
63
30
6
6
72
37
12
9
49
45
45
8
70
27
-
51
49
49
8
51
0
-
73
O
5
55
0
-
36
24
1
1
24
16
34
23
100
53
91
16
97
15
80
16
90
12
95
13
11
37
9
9
9
1
63
2
3
13
1
76
2
4
56
37
25
17
59
6
6
2
16
1
69
4
5
3
75
53
33
24
47
39
39
8
74
7
5
2
68
59
56
34
88
8
3
3
82
75
75
43
0
-
-
44
7
9
-
39
24
15
15
73
7
-
-
55
5
38
19
-
79
8
28
-
-
33
37
5
-
83
76
76
43
-
96
22
-
88
8
-
72
59
59
38
9
-
25
17
14
-
74
0
31
17
-
-
45
18
18
27
75
12
12
12
82
20
15
11
69
69
62
23
41
-
84
23
22
22
93
27
19
19
84
84
83
38
14
-
64
68
13
10
-
52
52
35
4
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 23. Health, insurance, and retirement plans—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,1 United States, selected
regions, and States,2 June 1988)
Benefit
All
establish
ments
All workers.................................
Workers in establishments offering:
Life insurance...............................
Noncontributory plans..........
Accidental death and
dismemberment insurance.......
Noncontributory plans..........
Sickness and accident insurance
or sick leave or both6...............
Sickness and accident
insurance............................
Noncontributory plans....
Sick leave (full pay, no
waiting period) ...................
Sick leave (partial pay or
waiting period) ...................
Long-term disability insurance....
Noncontributory plans..........
Hospitalization, surgical, and
medical insurance.....................
Noncontributory plans..........
Health maintenance
organizations..............................
Noncontributory plans..........
Dental care ...................................
Noncontributory plans..........
Vision care....................................
Noncontributory plans..........
Alcohol and drug abuse
treatment....................................
Noncontributory plans..........
Hearing care.................................
Noncontributory plans..........
Retirement plans7.........................
Pensions................................
Noncontributory plans....
Lump sum..............................
California
Mountain States
Texas
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
97
69
100
73
92
64
98
65
100
71
95
55
99
82
100
77
96
96
78
54
82
51
73
58
77
46
73
42
86
54
78
49
75
40
84
72
70
94
39
71
93
30
72
100
-
22
19
13
12
33
28
29
6
29
6
29
6
16
16
21
21
-
54
92
6
61
93
1
71
98
-
47
32
58
36
33
27
48
8
62
11
21
1
1
29
23
2
36
31
12
97
31
100
22
92
42
98
30
100
26
95
38
98
60
100
53
93
77
23
1
64
9
6
4
41
2
88
14
6
6
10
15
33
2
4
78
11
4
1
100
16
6
2
37
1
1
1
44
31
96
48
28
28
48
35
98
39
23
23
35
19
88
70
40
40
90
30
2
2
65
60
55
20
96
22
4
4
93
89
83
31
83
41
79
27
1
1
68
63
58
25
80
25
2
2
85
85
85
30
97
60
27
27
87
85
85
37
100
55
21
21
97
97
97
48
87
71
40
40
60
54
54
9
-
-
-
(*)
-
29
24
20
5
1 Includes those plans for which the employer pays at least part of the
cost and excludes legally required plans such as workers’ compensation
and Social Security, however, plans required by State temporary disability
insurance laws are included if the employer contributes more than is le
gally required or employees receive benefits over legal requirements.
“Noncontributory plans” include only those plans financed entirely by the
employer.
2 For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
4 Includes data for Western Pennsylvania shown separately.
-
-
77
31
-
36
20
8
16
5 Includes data for Oklahoma shown separately.
6 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sickness and accident insur
ance and sick leave shown separately.
7 Unduplicated total of workers covered by pension plans and sever
ance pay shown separately.
6 Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate no data.
Table 24. Health plan participation
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments participating in specified health plans,' United States, selected regions, and States,2 June 1988)
Middle Atlantic4
United States
Type of plan
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Western Pennsylvania
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Border States
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All workers.................................
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Hospitalization, surgical, and
medical insurance...........................
Noncontributory plans.....................
83
29
89
28
75
31
94
57
95
66
92
44
95
59
97
71
92
44
83
33
95
63
70
4
Health maintenance organizations....
Noncontributory plans.....................
4
1
5
1
2
1
1
2
Dental care .........................................
Noncontributory plans.....................
63
14
81
18
37
8
51
28
62
46
-
Vision care..........................................
Noncontributory plans.....................
9
7
11
10
6
3
12
4
12
7
-
Alcohol and drug abuse treatment ...
Noncontributory plans.....................
76
26
86
25
62
29
88
50
85
54
Hearing care.......................................
Noncontributory plans.....................
8
8
8
7
3
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
6
-
_
_
“
“
_
_
_
.
-
-
-
-
33
13
92
44
_
_
54
29
70
51
-
13
5
14
8
-
87
51
83
57
_
33
13
92
44
-
-
39
8
58
17
-
15
2
14
5
-
38
17
52
35
21
17
24
_
'
-
-
Table 24. Health plan participation—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments participating in specified health plans,' United States, selected regions, and States,2 June 1988)
Midcontinent5
Great Lakes
Type of plan
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas
field
operations
Contract
drilling
operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas
field
operations
Oklahoma
Contract
drilling
operations
All
establish
ments
Louisiana
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All workers.................................
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Hospitalization, surgical, and
medical insurance...........................
Noncontributory plans.....................
80
43
78
36
83
53
79
16
88
15
59
16
76
12
87
13
51
8
86
22
90
30
81
12
Health maintenance organizations....
Noncontributory plans.....................
2
1
3
1
Dental care .........................................
Noncontributory plans.....................
55
32
59
29
48
37
54
6
66
4
Vision care..........................................
Noncontributory plans.....................
13
10
6
6
24
17
5
2
4
3
Alcohol and drug abuse treatment ...
Noncontributory plans.....................
65
37
65
27
67
53
67
7
82
8
Hearing care.......................................
Noncontributory plans.....................
12
9
31
24
4
2
3
3
See footnotes at end of table.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
0
2
0
-
2
0
ft
“
ft
28
9
57
2
6
2
72
2
3
6
-
-
4
22
2
'
58
”
70
12
81
23
“
12
12
22
22
76
20
88
27
62
12
15
11
19
19
10
83
8
68
7
36
7
3
-
—
“
“
'
3
2
-
30
5
-
-
—
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Table 24. Health plan participation—Continued
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments participating in specified health plans,' United States, selected reqions and
States, June 1988)
9 '
Texas
Type of plan
All
establish
ments
Mountain States
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
California
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All workers.................................
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Hospitalization, surgical, and
medical insurance...........................
Noncontributory plans.....................
81
30
84
21
78
40
86
30
99
26
66
37
87
52
90
46
81
67
5
10
1
12
10
9
7
17
Health maintenance organizations....
Noncontributory plans.....................
ft
Dental care ........................................
Noncontributory plans.....................
57
9
83
14
Vision care.........................................
Noncontributory plans.....................
5
4
6
6
Alcohol and drug abuse treatment ...
Noncontributory plans.....................
82
30
90
22
Hearing care.......................................
Noncontributory plans.....................
2
2
4
4
■
........ ...
vi
nemo,
appoi ivjia
_
-
-
-
23
2
70
10
98
16
ft
94
48
96
39
87
70
4
4
1
6
2
ft
ft
27
27
22
22
38
38
69
27
79
25
96
60
99
55
87
71
1
1
2
2
26
26
21
21
38
38
ft
72
40
_
“
IIIUIUUC3 U IU&tS |JlcinS
-
16
53
30
IUI
which the employer pays at least part of the cost. "Noncontributory
plans” include only those financed entirely by the employer.
2 For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
* Includes data for Western Pennsylvania shown separately.
s Less than 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Dashes indicate no data.
Table 25. Other selected benefits
(Percent of production workers in oil and gas extraction establishments with formal provisions for selected benefits,' United States, selected regions, and States,2 June 1988)
Benefit
All
establishments
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All
establishments
Border States
Western Pennsylvania
Middle Atlantic'
United States3
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All
establishments
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
All
establishments
Oil and gas Contract
drilling
field
operations operations
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
69
71
36
45
96
95
52
59
29
34
13
23
70
86
8
24
88
79
14
31
42
97
67
89
8
26
86
83
14
35
42
97
61
67
6
27
80
65
12
28
42
69
Workers in establishments with
provisions for:
-
14
Midcontinent6
Great Lakes
14
Oklahoma
-
26
Louisiana
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
53
23
26
76
77
36
34
6
12
64
74
41
42
92
88
56
54
6
44
9
17
64
72
39
42
87
89
55
47
9
29
73
73
24
51
100
100
44
63
40
40
Workers in establishments with
provisions for:
See footnotes at end of table.
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14
-
31
“
37
Table 25. Other selected benefits—Continued
States “tJuner°988)'°n W°rk6rS
011 3nd gaS extraction establishments with formal provisions for selected benefits,' United States, selected regions, and
Texas
Benefit
All workers.................................
^
4
Cft
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All
establish
ments
Mountain States
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
100
100
70
66
43
47
96
100
53
69
37
23
30
18
All
establish
ments
California
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
All
establish
ments
Oil and gas Contract
field
drilling
operations operations
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
67
59
9
41
79
77
48
46
100
100
61
55
23
16
12
22
Workers in establishments with
provisions for:
Funeral leave.............................
Jury-duty leave...............................
Technological severance pay...........
Savings and thrift plan5.....................
For definitions of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 1.
Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately.
Includes data for Western Pennsylvania shown separately.
Includes only those plans for which the employer makes a contribu-
80
44
18
6 Includes data for Oklahoma shown separately.
NOTE: Cost-of-living adjustment plans were studied, but no such plans
were reported in these industries. Dashes indicate no data.
Appendix A. Scope and
Method of Survey
Scope of survey
The survey included establishments primarily engaged in
operating oil and gas field properties and those chiefly en
gaged in drilling wells for oil and gas field operations on
a contract, fee, or similar basis (industries 1311 and 1381,
respectively, as defined in the 1972 edition of the Standard
Industrial Classification Manual, prepared by the U.S. Office
of Management and Budget). Separate auxiliary units, such
as central offices, were excluded.
Establishments studied were selected from those employ
ing 8 workers or more in operating oil and gas field proper
ties, and 20 workers or more in contract drilling at the time
of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists.
Table A-l shows the number of establishments and workers
estimated to be within the scope of the survey, as well as
the number actually studied by the Bureau.
position of the industry’s labor force, rather than as precise
measures of employment.
Occupational classification
Occupational classification was based on a uniform set of
job descriptions designed to take account of interestablish
ment and interarea variations in duties within the same job.
(See appendix B for these descriptions.) The criteria for selec
tion of the occupations were: The number of workers in the
occupation; the usefulness of the data in wage and salary ad
ministration and in collective bargaining; and appropriate
representation of the entire wage structure in the industries.
Supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and
part-time, handicapped, temporary, and probationary work
ers were not reported in the data for selected occupations.
Method of study
Wage data
Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s field
representatives to a probability-based sample of establish
ments within the scope of the survey. To obtain appropriate
accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than
of small establishments was studied. In combining the data,
each establishment was given an appropriate weight. All es
timates are presented, therefore, as relating to all establish
ments in each of the industries, excluding only those below
the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe
Information on wages relates to straight-time hourly earn
ings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on
weekends, holidays, and late shifts; and, where applicable,
for offshore work. Incentive payments, such as those result
ing from piecework or production bonus systems, and costof-living pay increases (but not bonuses) were included as
part of the workers’ regular pay. Excluded are performance
bonuses and lump-sum payments of the type negotiated in
the auto and aerospace industries, as well as profit-sharing
payments, attendance bonuses, Christmas or yearend
bonuses, and other nonproduction bonuses.
Average (mean) hourly rates or earnings for each occu
pation were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earn
ings) by the number of workers receiving the rate, totaling,
and dividing by the number of individuals. The hourly earn
ings of salaried workers, if any, were obtained by dividing
straight-time salary by the normal (or standard) hours to
which the salary corresponds.
The median designates position; that is, one-half of the em
ployees surveyed received the same as or more than this rate
and one-half received the same as or less. The middle range
is defined by two rates of pay such that one-fourth of the
employees earned the same as or less than the lower of these
rates and one-fourth earned the same as or more than the
data.
Establishment definition
An establishment, for purposes of this study, includes all
oil and gas field activities of an operating company or a con
tract driller, in the wage area for which separate data are
presented. For areas including two or more States, such as
the Great Lakes region, activities which cross State lines were
counted within the geographic boundaries of each State rather
than combined into one unit.
Employment
Estimates of the number of workers within the scope of
the study are intended as a general guide to the size and com
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higher.
46
EStti “““T °f ?s^blishment8,and ernPloyees within the scope of the study and the number
studied, oil and gas extraction establishments, June 1988
Number of establishments2
Region and State1
Within scope
of study
Workers in establishments
Within scope of study
Actually
studied
Total4
All production
workers
Land-based
workers
Offshore
workers
Total actually
studied3
All establishments
United States5...................
Middle Atlantic5...............
Western Pennsylvania .
Border States..................
Great Lakes....................
Midcontinent' ..................
Oklahoma.....................
Louisiana.........................
Texas ...............................
Mountain States.............
California .........................
.
1,485
363
109,691
68,658
55,610
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
■
.
.
47
40
83
157
338
182
123
411
246
67
22
16
31
52
67
46
43
64
52
26
1,858
1,656
2,501
4,279
15,588
8,986
23,532
39,600
12,308
9,540
1,225
1,122
1,972
3,291
10,829
6,563
14,923
22,238
7,953
5,793
1,225
1,122
1,972
3,291
9,961
6,563
5,948
19,691
7,953
5,333
1,077
221
77,254
41,362
39
32
59
133
270
152
67
257
198
46
17
11
19
38
43
30
20
33
30
16
1,287
1,085
1,381
2,904
11,444
6,870
15,477
27,591
9,209
7,626
408
142
8
8
24
24
68
30
56
154
48
21
5
5
12
14
24
16
23
31
22
10
13,048
69,180
460
1,109
934
1,514
2,807
7,345
5,088
18,859
24,031
6,147
7,128
35,175
6,187
50,576
731
628
974
2,055
7,329
4,652
8,143
12,429
5,220
4,197
731
628
974
2,055
6,461
4,652
4,363
11,192
5,220
3,943
_
254
757
582
790
1,802
5,128
3,820
12,655
18,962
4,508
5,764
32,437
27,296
20,435
6,861
18,604
571
571
1,120
1,375
4,144
2,116
8,055
12,009
3,099
1,914
494
494
998
1,236
3,500
1,911
6,780
9,809
2,733
1,596
494
494
998
1,236
3,500
1,911
1,585
8,499
2,733
1,390
_
_
-
868
_
8,975
2,547
_
Oil and gas field operations
United States5...........................
Middle Atlantic5...............
Western Pennsylvania .
Border States..................
Great Lakes....................
Midcontinent'..................
Oklahoma.....................
Louisiana........................
Texas ...............................
Mountain States .............
California .........................
_
_
_
868
_
3,780
1,237
_
Contract drilling operations
United States5...........................
Middle Atlantic5...............
Western Pennsylvania .
Border States..................
Great Lakes....................
Midcontinent' ..................
Oklahoma.....................
Louisiana.........................
Texas ...............................
Mountain States.............
California.........................
1 The regions and areas as defined for this study were: Middle
New York, and Pennsylvania; Western
Cumberland, Juniata, Lycoming, Mifflin,
Perry, Tioga, Union, and all other Pennsylvania Counties west
thereof; Border States— Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky,
Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia; Great Lakes— Illinois, Indi
ana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; Midcontinent—Ar
kansas, Kansas, Mississippi, Nebraska, and Oklahoma; Mountain
States—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, North
Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. Alaska and Hawaii
were not included in the study.
2 Includes only establishments with 8 workers or more in field
_
_
_
-
5,195
1,310
_
206
352
352
724
1,005
2,217
1,268
6,204
5,069
1,639
1,364
operations and 20 workers or more in contract drilling at the time
of reference of the universe data.
3 Data relate to total employment in establishments actually vis
ited.
4 Includes executive, professional, managerial, office, and other
workers in addition to the production worker category shown sepa
rately.
5 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown sepa
rately.
Includes data for Western Pennsylvania shown separately.
7 Includes data for Oklahoma shown separately.
Atlantic—New Jersey,
Pennsylvania—Adams,
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47
Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal
plans2 which provide full pay or a portion of the worker’s
pay during absence from work because of illness; informal
arrangements have been omitted. Separate tabulations are
provided for (1) plans which provide full pay and no wait
ing period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a
waiting period.
Long-term disability insurance plans provide payments to
totally disabled employees upon the expiration of sick leave,
sickness and accident insurance, or both, or after a speci
fied period of disability (typically 6 months). Payments are
made until the end of disability, a maximum age, or eligi
bility for retirement benefits. Payments may be at full or par
tial pay, but are almost always reduced by Social Security,
workers’ compensation, and private pension benefits paya
ble to the disabled employee.
Hospitalization, surgical, and medical insurance refers to
plans providing for complete or partial payment for hospital
room charges, inpatient surgery, and doctors’ fees. These
plans typically cover other expenses, such as outpatient sur
gery and prescription drugs, and may be underwritten by a
commercial insurance company or a nonprofit organization,
or they may be a form of self-insurance.
A health maintenance organization (HMO) provides com
prehensive health care services to its members for fixed peri
odic payments rather than indemnification or reimbursement
for medical, surgical, and hospital expenses.
Dental insurance covers routine dental work, such as fill
ings, extractions, and X-rays. Excluded are plans which
cover only oral surgery or accidental injury.
Vision care covers routine eye examinations and eyeglass
es. Excluded are plans which cover only certain kinds of sur
gery or care required as a result of an accident.
Hearing-care plans provide at least partial payment for
hearing examinations, hearing aids, or both.
Scheduled weekly hours
Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work sched
ule for full-time, land-based production workers employed
on the day shift. Variable workweeks are those where no
predominant schedule prevailed in the employing establish
ment. Data on weekly hours for offshore workers were not
collected.
Shift provisions and practices
Shift provisions relate to the policies of establishments
either currently operating late shifts or having formal provi
sions covering late-shift work. Practices relate to workers
employed on late shifts at the time of the survey.
Employee benefits
Employee benefits in an establishment were considered ap
plicable to production workers if they applied to half or more
of such workers in the establishment. Similarly, if fewer than
half of the workers were covered, the benefit was considered
nonexistent in the establishment. Because of length-of-service
and other eligibility requirements, the proportion of workers
receiving the benefits may be smaller than estimated.
Paid holidays. Paid-holiday provisions relate to full-day and
half-day holidays provided annually.
Paid vacations. The summaries of vacation plans are limit
ed to formal arrangements and exclude informal plans where
by time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the
employer or supervisor. Payments not on a time basis were
converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual
earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 week’s pay, The
periods of service for which data are presented represent the
most common practices, but they do not necessarily reflect
individual establishment provisions for progression. For ex
ample, changes in proportions indicated at 20 years of serv
ice may include changes which occurred between 15 and 20
1 Temporary disability insurance, which provides benefits to covered
workers disabled by injury or illness which is not work-connected, is man
datory under State laws in California, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode
Island. Establishment plans which meet only the legal requirements are ex
cluded from the survey data, but those under which (1) employers contrib
ute more than is legally required, or (2) benefits exceed those specified in
the State law are included. In Rhode Island, benefits are paid out of a State
fund to which only employees contribute. In each of the other three States,
benefits are paid either from a State fund or through a private plan.
years.
Health-care, insurance, and retirement plans. Data are
presented for health-care, insurance, and retirement plans
for which the employer pays all or a part of the cost, ex
cluding programs required by law such as workers’ com
pensation and Social Security.1 Among plans included are
those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and
those paid directly by the employer from current operating
funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose.
Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance.
Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of in
surance under which predetermined cash payments are made
directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during
illness or accident disability.
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State fund financing: In California, only employees contribute to the State
fund; in New Jersey, employees and employers contribute; in New York,
employees contribute up to a specified maximum and employers pay the
difference between the employees’ share and the total contribution required.
Private plan financing: In California and New Jersey, employees cannot
be required to contribute more than they would if they were covered by
the State fund; in New York, employees can agree to contribute more if
the State rules that the additional contribution is commensurate with the
benefit provided.
2 An establishment is considered as having a formal plan if it specifies
at least the minimum amount of sick leave available to each employee. Such
a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances determined
on an individual basis are excluded.
48
Alcohol and drug abuse treatment plans provide at least
partial payment for institutional treatment (in a hospital or
specialized facility) for addiction to alcohol or drugs.
Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to plans
which provide regular payments for the remainder of the
retiree’s life. Data are presented separately for retirement
severance pay (one payment or several over a specified period
of time) made to employees upon retirement. Establishments
providing both retirement severance payments and retirement
pensions to employees were considered as having both retire
ment pensions and retirement severance pay plans; however,
establishments having optional plans providing employees
a choice of either retirement severance payments or pensions
were considered as having only retirement pension benefits.
Paid funeral and jury-duty leave.3 Formal plans that pro
vide at least partial payment for time lost as a result of at
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49
tending funerals of specified family members or serving as
a juror.
Cost-of-living adjustments. Formal plans that adjust wages
in keeping with changes in the bls Consumer Price Index
or some other measure.
Technological severance pay. Formal plans that provide pay
ments to employees permanently separated from the com
pany because of a technological change or facility closing.
Thrift or savings plan. Data relate to formal provisions for
thrift or savings plans to which the employer makes mone
tary contributions beyond administrative costs.
3 When jury-duty leave is required by law, as it is in Alabama, Nebras
ka, Tennessee, and parts of Florida and Massachusetts, plans are included
only if the employer provides the employees with benefits exceeding the
legal requirement.
Appendix B. Occupational
Descriptions
The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the
Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field representatives
in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are
employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work
arrangements from establishment to establishment and from
area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage
rates representing comparable job content. Because of this
emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability
of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may
differ significantly from those used in individual establish
ments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these
job descriptions, the Bureau’s field representatives are in
structed to exclude supervisors, apprentices, learners, be
ginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary,
and probationary workers.
The titles and codes below the job titles in this appendix
are taken from the 1980 edition of the Standard Occupational
Classification Manual (SOC), issued by the U.S. Department
of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards.
In general, the Bureau of Labor Statistics occupational
descriptions are much more specific than those found in the
SOC manual. For example, three of the occupations studied
separately in oil and gas extraction had the same SOC code
(652—drillers, oil wells). Therefore, in comparing the results
of this survey with other sources, differences in occupation
al definitions should be taken into consideration.
Derrick operator
Driller, rotary
(652: Drillers, oil well)
(Core driller; well driller)
Supervises drilling operations and operates draw works
that serve as a power distribution center for the raising or
lowering of drill pipe and casing, and for rotating drill pipe
in the well. Work involves: Manipulating levers and throt
tles to control the speed of the rotary table which rotates a
string of tools, and regulating the pressure of the tools at
the bottom of the well as indicated by a gauge; connecting
or disconnecting sections of drill pipe; selecting drill bits ac
cording to the nature of the strata encountered and changing
the bits when dull or when the strata change; manipulating
levers, pedals, and brakes to control draw works which sup
ply the power necessary to lower or raise drill pipe and cas
ing; checking operation of slush pumps to see that the fluid
used to cool bits, remove cuttings, and seal the walls of the
well with clay, is circulating properly and is of the correct
consistency; inspecting core or cuttings from the well to de
termine the nature of the strata drilled; fishing for and remov
ing equipment lost in the well, using special tools at the end
of the drill pipe or cable; keeping a record of the location
and the nature of the strata, the number of feet advanced per
shift, and the materials used. May start the flow of the well
by assisting the shooter to lower and set off a charge of ex
plosives in the strata and control the flow of the well when
it first begins to flow either by capping it or by regulating
the control valves. Supervises workers such as derrick oper
ators and rotary floor workers, who may assist in the work
described.
(652: Drillers, oil well)
Electrician, maintenance
Works on a rotary drilling rig, assisting in raising or lower
ing casing arid drill pipe and in carrying out drilling opera
tions. Work involves: Guiding and attaching elevator to upper
end of sections of casing or drill pipe as it is being run into
the well; detaching components as they are pulled out of the
well; tending slush or mud pumps which circulate a heavy
mixture of clay and water through a drill pipe to flush out
drillings and to cool the bit; cleaning, oiling, greasing, in
specting, and repairing pulleys, blocks, and cables that are
used to raise or lower casing and drill pipe; assists rotary
driller to regulate valves in controlling the flow of oil when
the well first begins to flow.
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(615: Electrical and electronic equipment repairer)
(6432: Electrician)
Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the
installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the
generation, distribution, or utilization of electric energy.
Work involves most of the following: Installing or repair
ing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as genera
tors, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit
breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other
transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings,
50
layouts, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trou
ble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard
computations relating to load requirements of wiring or elec
trical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the
work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded train
ing and experience usually acquired through a formal ap
prenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
Floor worker, rotary
(656: Extractive occupations, not elsewhere classified)
(Rotary driller helper; rotary helper; roughneck)
(8314: Hoist and winch operators)
(Winch operator)
Operates a truck-mounted hoist to lower or raise oil or gas
well instruments used in directional drilling, electric well log
ging, perforating, and free-point shooting. May connect, or
assist in connecting, various instruments to conductor ca
ble. May also maintain and repair cables and hoisting
equipment.
Mechanic, maintenance
(613: Industrial machinery repairer)
Assists in drilling operations and in running drill pipe and
casing into or out of wells. Work involves: Guiding lower
end of drill pipe and casing sections through the well open
ing as a derrick operator handles the upper end to run sec
tions to the well; racking and unracking drill pipe sections
as these are removed; helping to connect or disconnect joints
between sections, using tongs or chain wrenches to grip and
turn pipe; inserting or removing slips (curved metal wedges)
used at the top of the well to hold the drill pipe at the desired
point when running it from the well; operating a cathead
(power-driven winch), the cable of which is attached to the
tongs or wrench, to loosen or tighten the joints; digging
ditches, racking tools, and cleaning drilling floor and area
around drilling rig; and assisting in making repairs to drill
ing machinery, slush pumps, and derrick.
Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment. Work in
volves most of the following: Examining machines and
mechanical equipment to diagnose the source of trouble; dis
mantling or partly dismantling machines and performing
repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping
and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with
items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a
replacement part by a machine shop or sending the machine
to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written
specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts
ordered from a machine shop; reassembling machines; and
making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general,
the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded train
ing and experience usually acquired through a formal ap
prenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded
from this classification are workers whose primary duties
involve setting up or adjusting machines.
Gasplant operator
(692: Gas plant operators)
(Gas producer)
Motor operator
Operates automatically controlled natural gas treating unit
in an oil or gas field to render gas suitable for fuel or for
pipeline transportation. Work involves most of the follow
ing: Opening valves to admit gas and specified chemicals
into treating vessel where moisture is absorbed and impuri
ties are removed; adjusting controls of auxiliary equipment,
such as pumps, heating coils, and cooling tower; reading tem
perature and pressure gauges and adjusting controls to keep
heat and pressure at the level of maximum efficiency and
within safe operating limits; performing routine tests or
delivering samples to laboratory to determine qualities of gas,
such as B.T.U. value, flame candlepower, and specific gravi
ty, and proportions of elements, such as methane, propane,
and natural gasoline; draining samples of water from treat
ing unit for laboratory analysis; adding specified chemicals
to water to keep heating and cooling systems in working
order. May adjust and repair gas meters and governors,
using handtools. May change charts on meters equipped with
automatic recorders and may advise and assist workers
repairing regulators (governors) and other control in
struments.
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Hoist operator
(652: Drillers, oil well)
Primary duties include running and maintaining the en
gines of a drilling rig that provide power for drilling.
Pumper
(8319: Miscellaneous material-moving equipment operators)
(Oil-well pumper)
Operates the power unit (steam, gas, gasoline, electric,
or diesel) which drives the oil-well pumps used in wells
where the natural flow of oil has diminished or ceased. Work
includes: Regulating the flow of oil from wells to storage
tanks or into pipelines by opening or closing valves; read
ing meters and making daily production reports of the amount
and quality of oil pumped; checking the pressure of the sepa
rator, v/hich separates natural gas from oil, making adjust
ments, if necessary; lubricating pumps and making minor
repairs; and reporting major breakdowns and difficulties.
May make regular tests of oil for sediment and water.
51
Roustabout
Welder, oil field
(7714: Welders and cutters)
(656: Extractive occupations, not elsewhere classified)
(Laborer)
Performs any combination of the following tasks in or
around an oil field, as assigned: Digging trenches for
drainage around oil wells, storage tanks, and other installa
tions; filling excavations with dirt; loading and unloading
trucks; assisting pumpers in setting up pumps used to pump
oil, gas, water, or mud; bailing spilled oil into buckets and
barrels; cleaning machinery; cutting down trees and brush
around oil field installations; segregating pipe sections on
racks in yard; and connecting tanks and flow lines; and per
forming other miscellaneous pipefitting work. Excluded from
this classification are casual laborers who are hired as need
ed, and maintenance floor workers (gang pushers).
Difficulties are sometimes encountered in distinguishing
between roustabouts and roughnecks (rotary floor workers).
Whenever such difficulties arise, roughnecks should be con
sidered as those workers who assist in the actual drilling oper
ations and those operations alone. Roustabouts are employed
after the well is drilled. They assist in various other func
tions encountered in petroleum production.
Truckdriver
(821: Motor vehicle operator)
Drives a truck in or around oil or gas fields to transport
petroleum, equipment, work crew, or supplies between bat
tery sites, rail points, and other unloading docks. May also
load or unload truck, with or without helpers, make minor
mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order.
Excluded are driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Cuts, lays out, fits, and welds sheet metal, cast iron, alu
minum, and other metal or alloyed metal parts used to fabri
cate or repair oil field machinery, equipment, or other
installation, such as oil and gas pipelines and tanks, pres
sure vessels, pump sections, heavy bases for drilling equip
ment, drill pipes, or casings. The oil field welder usually
operates electric-welding or acetylene-welding apparatus, or
both.
Well puller
(8314: Hoist and winch operators)
(Casing puller; clutchworker; rodworker; hydraulic-tool
operator)
Controls power hoisting equipment to pull casing, tubing,
and pumping rods from oil and gas wells for repair and to
lower repaired equipment, testing devices, and servicing tools
into well. Duties usually involve: Attaching cable clamps to
top of pump rod or casing and starting winch or hydraulic
jack that raises rod or casing; disconnecting sections of rod
or casing, using hand or power wrenches and tongs; run
ning packer (plug device) into well to control flow of oil,
water, or gas during well-pulling operations. May lower pres
sure recording device into well and interpret findings. May
also test pipes for leaks, using hydraulic testing equipment.
Excluded from this classification are workers operating
power hoisting equipment mounted on a truck (hoist opera
tors) and derrick operators.
52
Industry Wage Survey Bulletins
The most recent reports providing occupational wage data
for industries currently included in the Bureau’s program of
industry wage surveys are listed below. Bulletins still in print
are for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, or
from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Publications Sales
Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, IL 60690. Order by title
and GPO Stock Number. Bulletins marked with an asterisk
(*) are available only from the Chicago address. Bulletins
that are out of print are available for reference at leading
public, college, or university libraries or at the Bureau’s
Washington or regional offices.
Manufacturing
Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1986.
bls Bulletin 2286. $3.*
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1987. bls Bulletin 2324.
$5.50. GPO Stock No. 029-001-02993-4
Shipbuilding and Repairing, 1986. bls Bulletin 2295.
$2. GPO Stock No. 029-001-02965-9
Structural Clay Products, 1986. BLS Bulletin 2288. $3.25*
Synthetic Fibers, 1985. BLS Bulletin 2268. $1.50*
Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1985. bls Bulletin 2260. $3.25*
Textile Mills, 1985, bls Bulletin 2265. $5.50*
Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1982. BLS Bulletin 2187. Out
of print.
Wood Household Furniture, 1986. bls Bulletin 2283
$5.50*
Nonmanufacturing
Basic Iron and Steel, 1983. BLS Bulletin 2221. $2.25*
Cigarette Manufacturing, 1986. bls Bulletin 2276. $1.25*
Corrugated and Solid Fiber Boxes, 1987. bls Bulletin 2315.
$3.50. GPO Stock No. 029-001-02986-1
Grain Mill Products, 1987. bls Bulletin 2325.
$4.50. GPO Stock No. 029-001-02996-9.
Hosiery Manufacturing, 1987. BLS Bulletin 2321.
$3. GPO Stock No. 029-001-02987-0.
Industrial Chemicals, 1986. BLS Bulletin 2287. $2.50*
GPO Stock No. 029-001-02934-9
Iron and Steel Foundries, 1986. BLS Bulletin 2292.
$5.50. gpo Stock No. 029-001-02963-2.
Machinery Manufacturing, 1983. bls Bulletin 2229. $3.50*
Meat Products, 1984. BLS Bulletin 2247. $6*
Men’s and Boys’ Shirts and Nightwear, 1987.
BLS Bulletin 2304. $3.25*
Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, 1984.
BLS Bulletin 2230. $2.25*
Men’s and Women’s Footwear, 1986. BLS Bulletin 2291. $3.50*
Millwork, 1984. BLS Bulletin 2244. $2*
Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1983. bls Bulletin 2223. $4.75*
Petroleum Refining, 1985. bls Bulletin 2255. $2.25*
*U.S. Government Printing Utlice: i.ytjy-244-158/00501
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1982. BLS Bulletin 2198. $2.25*
Banking, 1985. bls Bulletin 2269. $4*
Bituminous Coal Mining, 1982. bls Bulletin 2185. Out of
print.
Certificated Air Carriers, 1984. BLS Bulletin 2241. $2*
Computer and Data Processing Services, 1987.
bls Bulletin 2318. $3.50. gpo Stock No. 029-001-02988-8
Contract Cleaning Services, 1986. bls Bulletin 2299.
$3. GPO Stock No. 029-001-02970-5
Department Stores, 1986. BLS Bulletin 2311. $4.75*
Electric and Gas Utilities, 1982. BLS Bulletin 2218.
$4.75*
Hospitals, 1985. bls Bulletin 2273. $12*
Hotels and Motels, 1983. BLS Bulletin 2227. $3.25*
Life and Health Insurance Carriers, 1986. BLS Bulletin 2293
$5.*
Nursing and Personal Care Facilities, 1985.
BLS Bulletin 2275. $5
GPO Stock No. 029-001-02921-7
Oil and Gas Extraction, 1988. BLS Bulletin 2334.
Temporary Help Supply, 1987. BLS Bulletin 2313. $5
GPO Stock No. 029-001-02982-9
Geographic Profile of Employment and
Unemployment, 1988
Bulletin 2327
Here, in a single volume, is a complete picture
of the labor force in four Census regions and
nine divisions, each of the 50 States and the
District of Columbia, 50 metropolitan areas,
and 17 central cities. It is the only current
source of information on demographic and
economic characteristics for metropolitan
areas and cities. The data report on labor
force status by sex, race, age, Hispanic origin,
marital status, occupation, industry, full- and
part-time status, reasons for and duration of
unemployment, and reasons for part-time work.
The volume includes nearly 30 tables,
geographic boundary definitions, a description
of sampling and estimation procedures, and
tables of sampling errors.
Please send your order to:
Order form
Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, DC 20402
1
. rO _
fey sa
O^'erif
fey
&ryJ
pent
or
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Publications Sales Center
P.O. Box 2145
Chicago, IL 60690
Please send------------------ copies of Geographic Profile of Employment and
Unemployment, 1988,
Bulletin 2327, Stock No. 029-001-02997-7 at $11 each.
□
Enclosed is a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents.
□
Charge to GPO Deposit Account No. __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Charge to my
□
□
(
*
\
iHKWwCord)
V
Account No.
VISA*
Account No.
Name
Organization (if applicable)
Address
City, State, Zip Code
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
------------------- -
Expiration date
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Offices
REGION VIII
REGION VII
REGION
REGION IV
REGION VI
Region I
Kennedy Federal Building
Suite 1603
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617) 565-2327
Region II
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212)337-2400
Region III
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Region IV
1371 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30367
Phone: (404) 347-4416
Region V
9th Floor
Federal Office Building
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
Region VI
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street, Room 221
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970
Regions VII and VIII
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106
Phone: (816) 426-2481
Regions IX and X
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 3766
San Francisco, CA 94119
Phone: (415)995-5605
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Washington, D.C. 20212
Postage and Fees Paid
U.S. Department of Labor
Third Class Mail
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use, $300
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Lab-441
@FedFRASER