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Industry Wage Survey • / Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production August 1972 Bulletin 1797 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S 1973 B&yton & Montgomery Co. Public Library J A N 1 51 9 74 d o c u m e n t c o l l e c t io n Industry Wage Survey Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production August 1972 B ulletin 1797 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Peter J. Brennan, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Julius Shiskin, Commissioner 1973 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on inside back cover. Price 55 cents. Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents Microfiche edition available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 22151, at $1.45 a set. Make checks for microfiche payable to NTIS. Preface This bulletin summarizes the results o f a Bureau o f Labor Statistics survey o f wages and related benefits in the crude petroleum and natural gas production industry in August 1972. The study was conducted in the Bureau’ s Office o f Wages and Industrial Relations. Martin E. Personick o f the Division o f Occupational Wage Structures prepared the analysis. Field work for the survey was directed by the Bureau’ s Assistant Regional Directors for Operations. Other reports available from the Bureau’s program o f industry wage studies, as well as the addresses o f the Bureau’s regional offices, are listed at the end o f this bulletin. in Contents Page Summary 1 ................................................................................................................................. Industry characteristics Employment 1 1 2 ............................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................... Production........................................................................................................................ Method o f wage p a y m e n t................................................................................................ 2 Unionization 2 ................................................................................................................... Occupational earnings .............................................................................................................. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions 3 .................................................... 3 .................................................................. 4 Paid h o lid a y s ................................................................................................................... 4 4 Scheduled weekly hours and shift provisions Paid vacations................................................................................................................... Health, insurance, and retirement plans ......................................................................... 4 Other selected b en efits..................................................................................................... 5 Tables: 1. Occupational averages .................................................................................... 6 Earnings distribution: 2. G asm en.......................................................................................................... 7 3. Mechanics, maintenance................................................................................ 8 4. Pumpers 9 5. Roustabouts ................................................................................................... 10 6. Truckdrivers ................................................................................................... 11 ....................................................................................................... Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: 7. Scheduled weekly h o u rs ...................................................................................12 8. 9. 10. 11. Shift differential provisions..............................................................................13 Paid h o lid a y s ................................................................................................... 14 Paid vacations .................................................................................................15 Health, insurance, and retirement p la n s ........................................................... 17 12. Other selected b en efits.....................................................................................18 Appendixes: A. Scope and method o f s u rv e y ....................................................•............................. 19 B. Occupational descriptions......................................................................................... 22 v Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, August 1972 Summary o f the production workers within the scope o f the survey were in establishments primarily producing crude petroleum. Oil-well pumpers, the largest occupation among those selected for study in the Nation’s crude petroleum and Employment Total employment o f the industry at the natural gas production industry, averaged $3.98 an hour time o f the survey (August 1972) was estimated to be in August 1972.1 This represented an increase o f $1.01 74,900, a decline o f about 18 percent from the level an hour, or 34 percent, in their average straight-time reported 5 years earlier. The number o f establishments earnings since a similar survey was conducted 5 years within the scope o f the study also dropped from 1,584 in August 1967 to 1,240 in August 1972. Average earlier.2 Among the other 10 jobs selected to represent the industry’ s occupational pay structure in August 1972, employment per establishment, however, rose slightly, average straight-time earnings ranged from slightly over from 58 to 60 workers over the 5-year period. $5 an hour for maintenance electricians and painters to $3.21 for rotary floormen. Production-worker employment, estimated at 43,500 in August 1972, was down about 16 percent since the Among the regions and States studied separately, occupational pay levels were usually highest in California August 1967 study. and generally lowest in the Border States o f Kentucky and roustabouts and West Virginia and in the Middle Atlantic region. In studied, fell by about one-fourth between the two sur Texas, where slightly over one-third o f the industry’ s veys. production workers were employed, job averages usually reported in drilling occupations, since most o f the indus try’ s well-drilling operations were performed by outside fell at or slightly above their nationwide levels. Employment o f oil-well pumpers (laborers), the two largest groups In both studies, relatively few workers were contractors (industry group 138), who were excluded from the surveys.4 Nine-tenths or more o f the industry’ s production workers were in establishments providing paid holidays, paid vacations, and at least part o f the cost o f life insur ance and various health insurance benefits. A majority o f the workers were in establishments granting 9 paid holidays annually and 2 weeks o f vacation pay after 1 year o f service, 3 weeks after 5 years, 4 weeks after 10 1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey, and ap pendix B for occupational descriptions. Wage data in this bulletin exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. years, and 5 weeks or more after 20 years. 2 For an account of the earlier study, see Industry Wage Survey: Crude Petroleum and Natrual Gas Production, August 1967, Bulletin 1566 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1968). Industry characteristics 3 A crude petroleum or natural gas establishment, for pur poses of this study, was defined to cover all oil and gas field activ ities of an operating company in the wage area for which separate data are presented. The study included establishments "primarily engaged in operating oil and gas field properties, which includes exploration for crude petroleum and natural gas; drilling, 4 Well-drilling activities were carried on by establishments employing about one-fifth of the production workers estimated to be in the scope o f the crude petroleum and natural gas produc tion studies. As reported in the Bureau’s monthly employment and earnings series, the number o f production jobs in oil or gas field services (well-drilling or geophysical and geological explo ration done on a fee or contract basis) declined slightly over the 5-year survey period, from 109,800 in August 1967 to 105,900 in August 1972. completing, and equipping wells; operation o f separators, emulsion breakers, desilting equipment; and all other activities incident to making oil and gas marketable up to the point o f shipment from the producing property .3 Also included in the study were establishments engaged in the production o f oil through the mining and extrac tion o f oil from oil shale and oil sands. Over nine-tenths 1 The extraction o f crude petroleum and natural gas through offshore operations is largely confined to the Texas, Louisiana, and California coasts. Production o f petroleum from offshore leases increased from 368.2 to 614.8 million barrels between 1967 and 1971, while About three-fourths o f the industry’ s production workers in August 1972 were concentrated in four States: One-third in Texas, one-sixth in Louisiana, one-seventh in California, and almost one-tenth in Oklahoma. Over three-fourths o f the employment in Texas was in the inland section o f the State, whereas the Louisiana Gulf Coast accounted for nine-tenths o f the corresponding increase for natural gas was from 1,837.8 to 3,750.5 billion cubic feet. For 1971, offshore the production workers in that State. production o f crude oil represented about 18 percent, and gas, about 17 percent, o f total production. Four Production. A slowdown in oil well drilling may partly years earlier, the corresponding shares o f U.S. production explain employment declines in the industry. were 1 and 10 percent.8 1 The Establishments having at number o f producing oil wells in the Nation fell from least part o f their operations offshore at the time o f the 565,289 in 1967 to 517,318 in December 1971. Still, August 1972 survey employed 95 percent o f the produc the Nation’ s supply o f crude oil rose over the 4-year span, as domestic production and imports increased while exports dwindled.5 The Nation’s new supply (additions to present stock) and foreign disposition o f tion workers in the Louisiana Gulf Coast region, compared with nearly three-fourths on the Texas G ulf Coast and slightly over two-fifths in California. crude petroleum (in millions o f barrels) for 1967 and Method o f wage paym ent A ll production workers in the 1971 are shown below: industry were paid on a time-rate basis. Nine-tenths 1967 Domestic production............ ............ Imports ................................. ............ Exports ................................. ............ 1971 were under formal wage plans, chiefly providing for 3,215.7 411.6 26.5 3,453.9 613.4 0.5 single rates for specified occupations; the remaining workers were paid primarily according to their individual qualifications. Unionization. The following tabulation shows the relative importance Establishments having collective bargain ing agreements covering a majority o f their production o f States in the production o f the Nation’s new supply o f crude petroleum in 1971, as reported by the Bureau workers employed two-fifths o f the industry’ s work o f Mines,6 and illustrates the concentration o f activity force. in this industry: three-fourths in California and one-half each in Texas Geographically, the highest proportions were and the Border States; in Louisiana and Oklahoma, two State T exas....................................................................................... Louisiana .............................................................................. C aliforn ia.............................................................................. O klahom a.............................................................................. Wyoming .............................................................................. New M exico........................................................................... A la sk a .................................................................................... K ansas.................................................................................... Other S ta tes........................................................................... major oil-producing States, the corresponding proportion was slightly more than one-fourth. Text table 1 further illustrates the wide variation in unionization by geo graphic area. Percent 35.4 27.1 10.4 6.2 4.3 3.4 2.3 2.3 8.6 three-fourths (38 and 36 percent, respectively) o f the 5 See James G. Kirby and Betty M. Moore, “Crude Petro leum and Petroleum Products,” Minerals Yearbook, 1971 edition (U.S. Department o f the Interior, Bureau of Mines), p. 855. Preliminary estimates for 1972 show U.S. imports of crude petroleum rose to 811.1 million barrels while exports fell to less than 0.2 million. See December 1972 issue of Mineral Industry Surveys: Crude Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Natural Gas Liquids (U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines), p. 2. Nation’s marketed production o f natural gas in 1971, according to the Bureau o f Mines. Marketed production 6 Kirby and Moore, “Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products,” table 7, p. 888. in the United States rose from 18.2 trillion cubic feet in 7 See William B. Harper and Leonard L. Fanelli, “Natural Gas,” Minerals Yearbook, 1971 edition (U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines), p.765. Texas and Louisiana together also accounted for nearly 1967 to 22.5 trillion in 1971. While gas exports were nearly the same in 1967 and 1971—about 80 billion cubic feet—imports rose sharply from 564 billion to over 8 Latest information available, Outer Continental Shelf Statistics (U.S. Department of the Interior, April 1972). 934 billion during the 4-year span.7 2 Text table 1. Percent of workers in crude petroleum and natural gas establishments with labor-management agreements covering a majority of their production employees, August 1972 Region and State Percent United S ta te s ..................................... Middle A tlantic..................................... .. Western Pennsylvania ............................. Border S ta te s..................................................... Great L a k e s ........................................................ M idcontinent..................................................... O klahom a................................................ Louisiana............................................................. Gulf Coast................................................ Northern Louisiana................................... T e x a s................................................................... Gulf Coast................................................ Inland ..................................................... Mountain............................................................. California .......................................................... comparisons were possible, most pay levels in the Texas Gulf Coast region were substantially higher than those in the Texas inland area, and for two jobs (truckdrivers and welders) they exceeded pay levels in California. Occupational pay relationships also varied within geographic areas. To illustrate, pumpers averaged 13 and 15 percent more than roustabouts in California and the Mountain States; but the relationship was reversed in the Middle Atlantic region, Border States, Great Lakes region, and Midcontinent, where pay levels for rousta- 40-44 35-39 35-39 50-54 20-24 15-19 25-29 25-29 25-29 0- 5 50-54 55-59 50-54 10-14 75-79 abouts were from 2 to 13 percent above those o f pumpers (table 1 ). Although earnings o f individuals in the occupations studied were somewhat dispersed on a nationwide basis, there were clusterings o f individual earnings within the regions, States, and areas (tables 2 to 6). For example, over two-fifths o f the roustabouts in the Great Lakes and Mountain regions and close to half in Louisiana and Texas had earnings between $4.40 and $4.50 an hour. O f those workers in establishments with collective Such clusterings reflected the high incidence o f single rate pay systems applying to specified jobs in this bargaining agreements, most were represented by inde pendent unions (those not affiliated with the A F L -C IO ) industry. or the Oil, Chemical and Atom ic Workers International Union, an A FL-C IO affiliate. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Occupational earnings Data were also obtained on selected establishment Earnings gains for the seven nondrilling occupations practices and supplementary wage benefits, including included in both the 1967 and 1972 surveys ranged from 27 percent for oil field welders to 37 percent for roust work schedules, paid holidays, paid vacations, and speci fied health, insurance, and retirement plans. abouts (laborers) and outpaced the 25 percent rise in the Consumer Price Index during the 5-year span. Corre sponding pay increases in the three drilling occupations studied averaged somewhat less—15 percent for rotary Text table 2. Employment and average hourly earnings of workers in the crude petroleum and natural gas production industry floormen, 16 percent for rotary drillers, and 21 percent for derrickmen (text table 2). Among the 11 occupations selected to represent the industry’s pay levels in August 1972, average straight-time earnings ranged from slightly over $5 an hour for main Occupation tenance electricians and painters to $3.21 for rotary floormen (drillers’ helpers). Oil-well pumpers, the most populated occupation studied, averaged $3.98 an hour— Roustabouts................... Electricians, maintenance . Gasmen........................... Pumpers........................... Mechanics, maintenance . Truckdrivers................... Welders, oil fie ld ............. Derrickmen..................... Drillers, ro tary................ Floormen, r o t a r y ........... Painters, maintenance . . . 7 cents more than roustabouts, who made up the second largest group. Among the regions, States, and areas studied sepa rately, job averages in August 1972 were usually highest in California—5 to 24 percent above nationwide levels— and generally lowest in the Border States o f Kentucky and West Virginia and in the Middle Atlantic region (text table 3). In Texas, where slightly over one-third o f the 43,500 production and related workers covered by the survey were employed, job averages most com monly fell at or just above nationwide levels. Average hourly earnings1 Employment, Percent increase, August August August 1967 to 1972 1972 August 1972 7,432 288 1,136 11,420 2,570 967 277 757 642 1,345 33 $3.91 5.05 4.65 3.98 4.78 3.78 4.47 3.46 4.09 3.21 5.04 37 36 34 34 32 28 27 21 16 15 (2) 1 Ex clu d e s prem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. ^ In 1967 survey, data did not meet p u blication criteria. Where 3 Text table 3. Regional and State wage levels for selected occupations expressed as percents of nationwide averages, August 1972 [U.S. average, each occupation = 100] Electri Mechanics, Painters, Derrick- Drillers, cians, FloorRoust Truck- Welders, men, Gasmen mainte mainte Pumpers abouts drivers oil field men rotary mainte nance nance nance rotary Area Middle A tlantic..................... Western Pennsylvania. . Border S ta te s........................ Great La k e s........................... Midcontinent........................ Oklahoma................... Lou isiana............................. Gulf Coast................... Northern Louisiana. . . Texas..................................... Gulf Coast................... In la n d ........................ Mountain : ........................... California............................. N O TE: _ _ _ _ - - - - 97 83 — — - — 97 85 — — — — — _ — — — — - — — — _ - — — — 86 86 62 103 88 — — — — — — 97 97 98 98 — 99 — 99 96 105 — 97 95 102 106 — 104 104 104 95 111 76 76 74 94 95 96 — 101 104 100 105 107 _ — — — - — — — 93 93 — — 105 78 79 73 87 88 95 110 111 104 101 111 99 112 119 85 89 84 90 91 95 108 109 94 103 108 101 99 108 104 104 98 106 79 90 98 96 — 104 130 101 118 124 94 94 87 — 77 77 92 93 — 102 120 97 107 115 Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. Scheduled weekly hours and shift provisions. Work granted 10 days per year. The largest proportions receiving 6 paid holidays or less were two-fifths in the Great Lakes region and one-third in Northern schedules o f 40 hours a week were predominant in estab lishments employing nearly seven-eighths o f the produc tion workers in August 1972 (table 7). Such schedules were in effect for at least seven-tenths o f the workers in all regions and States studied, except the Great Lakes, where the proportion was one-half. Schedules o f 48 hours or more applied to over one-fourth o f the workers Louisiana. Paid vacations. Paid vacations, after qualifying periods in the Great Lakes region but to one-tenth or less o f the o f service, were provided by establishments employing nearly all o f the production workers (table 10). Typical vacation provisions for workers were: 2 weeks o f pay workers in the other regions and States. Some workers in the industry were found to be on variable work schedules (See table 7, footnote 4, for one example o f this situation). Variable work schedules were in effect in establishments employing one-fifth o f the production workers in the Midcontinent region, about one-tenth each in the Great Lakes and Mountain regions, and 5 percent or less elsewhere. Seven-tenths o f the production workers were in after 1 year o f service; 3 weeks’ pay after 5 years; 4 weeks’ pay after 10 years; and 5 weeks’ pay after 20 years. These typical vacation provisions generally covered a smaller proportion o f workers in the Middle Atlantic and Border States than in other geographic areas studied. To illustrate, provisions for 3 weeks’ pay after 5 years o f service applied to a majority o f workers in most regions and States, but to only 13 percent o f the workers in the Border States and to virtually none in the Middle Atlantic establishments having formal provisions for late-shift region. work, usually providing 15 cents an hour for workers on second shifts and 30 cents for those on third shifts Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Life, hospital (table 8). About 6 percent o f the workers were actually ization, surgical, medical, and major medical insurance, employed on late shifts at the time o f the survey. financed at least in part by the employer, were provided Paid holidays. (table 11). Three-fourths o f the workers were provided to more than nine-tenths o f the production workers Nine-tenths o f the production workers formal sick leave (usually full pay without a waiting covered by the survey were provided paid holidays, usually 9 annually. Establishments granting at least 9 period); two-thirds, accidental death and dismember ment insurance; and one-fourth, sickness and accident insurance. paid holidays employed a majority o f the workers in Oklahoma, the Louisiana Gulf Coast region, Texas, the Mountain region, and California (table 9). The largest For some o f these plans, the incidence varied widely among the regions, States, and areas studied. For example, proportion o f workers receiving more than 9 paid holi days was in the Border States, where one-third were accidental death and dismemberment insurance covered 4 Thrift or savings plans, to which the employer makes monetary contributions beyond administrative costs, were provided by establishments accounting for nearly less than half the workers in the Middle Atlantic States and the Texas Gulf Coast area compared with about nine-tenths o f the workers in California and Northern Louisiana. Retirement pension plans (other than Federal social security) were available to nearly four-fifths o f the workers covered by the survey. Such plans provide reg ular payments for the remainder o f the retiree’s life and two-thirds o f the industry’s work force. The proportions varied widely by geographic area—from one-tenth in the Border States to more than nine-tenths on the Louisiana Gulf Coast. Nearly all o f the workers in establishments with were typically financed wholly by the employer. The proportion o f workers under pension plans ranged from slightly over two-fifths in the Great Lakes region to offshore operations were provided travel pay between their reporting point and the site o f offshore operations (table 12). In the major offshore locations, the Louis iana and Texas Gulf Coasts, most o f the workers travel over nine-tenths in California and the Louisiana and ing to offshore sites received $1.60 to $1.65 per hour Texas Gulf Coasts. Provisions for lump sum payments on retirement (severance pay) covered 7 percent o f the workers in the Middle Atlantic region and were virtually nonexistent elsewhere in the industry. for travel time. In California, however, offshore workers typically received their regular hourly wage rate as travel payment. Premium pay for offshore work was available to nearly two-fifths o f the workers in Louisiana Gulf Coast Other selected benefits. Jury-duty and funeral leave pay establishments with such operations, but was nonexist ent elsewhere. Premium payments o f 20 cents per hour and 4.5 percent o f the employee’ s straight-time wage provisions were reported by establishments employing nearly four-fifths o f the workers (table 12). A t least half o f the workers received both benefits in all regions, States, and areas except the Great Lakes, where the proportion covered was approximately two-fifths. rate were the two provisions found on the Louisiana Gulf Coast. 5 T a b le 1. O c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s (A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in g s 1 o f production w o rk e rs in crude p e tro le u m and natu ral gas production esta b lish m en ts, U nited States, se le c te d r e g io n s 2, and States, August 1972) M iddle Atlantic U nited State s^ T o ta l Occupation^ E a rn ings W ork ers D e r r ic k m e n .................................. D r ille r s , r o t a r y ......................... E le c t r ic ia n s , m ain tenan ce . . . F lo o r m e n , r o t a r y ....................... G a s m e n .......................................... M e ch a n ic s, m a in te n a n c e ........... P a in t e r s , m a in te n a n c e .............. P u m p e r s ....................................... R o u s ta b o u ts .................................. T r u c k d r i v e r s ............................... W e ld e r s , o il f i e l d ....................... M idcon tinent B o rd e r States W e stern P en n sylvan ia E a rn ings W o rk ers 757 642 288 1,345 1,136 2,570 33 11,420 7,432 967 277 $3.46 4.09 5.05 3.21 4.65 4.78 5.04 3.98 3.91 3.78 4.47 _ _ 11 25 266 206 52 25 - $4.01 3.61 3.11 3.32 3.95 4.22 W ork ers 11 25 209 166 52 25 T o ta l E a rn ings W o rk ers _ _ G rea t L a kes E a rn ings _ _ W ork ers E a rn ings W ork ers E a rn ings 60 60 84 34 479 364 52 $3.34 3.97 3.30 4.50 3.46 3.53 4.01 $2.88 3.46 4.90 2.82 - - 383 345 9 648 141 225 2,431 1,405 322 27 W ork er s D e r r ic k m e n .................................. D r ille r s , r o t a r y ......................... E le c t r ic ia n s , m aintenance . . . F lo o r m e n , r o t a r y ....................... G a s m e n .......................................... M ech a n ic s, m a in te n a n c e ........... P a in te r s , m a in te n a n c e .............. P u m p e r s ........................................ R o u s ta b o u ts .................................. T r u c k d r i v e r s ............................... W e ld e r s , o il f i e l d ...................... 1 2 3 4 - 62 245 2,116 1,235 33 56 - $4.95 4.72 4.37 4.22 3.70 4.12 W o rk ers - 62 209 1,857 1,118 27 50 51 20 260 168 22 20 $2.87 3.52 2.90 3.27 3.71 3.88 N orth Lou isian a E a rn ings W ork ers T o ta l E a rn ings - - $4.95 4.91 4.40 4.28 3.63 4.16 259 117 - $4.14 3.67 - - - W ork ers - 91 527 671 7 4,433 3,089 264 51 E a rn ings $5.00 4.83 4.83 4.69 4.03 4.02 3.94 4.58 E x clu d es p re m iu m p a y fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. F o r d e fin itio n o f r e g io n s shown in this and subsequent tables, see appendix A , table A - l , footnote 1. V ir tu a lly a ll o f the w o r k e r s r e p o r te d in the se lec te d occupations w e re m en. Inclu des data fo r r e g io n s in addition to those shown sep a rately . NOTE: Dashes in d ica te no data r e p o r te d or data that do not m eet pu blication c r it e r ia . E arn ings _ _ 9 117 133 1,456 866 134 27 $4.90 4.42 4.59 3.80 3.73 3.39 3.46 C a lifo rn ia 4.49 4.53 3.51 3.57 3.00 3.46 T e xa s G ulf C oast E a rn ings W ork ers Mountain $4.01 3.61 3.15 3.48 3.95 4.22 Lou isiana T o ta l Oklahom a G ulf C oast W ork ers 148 151 7 899 851 28 12 E a rn ings $4.83 4.96 4.69 4.42 4.21 4.91 5.37 T e x a s Inland W ork ers - 66 379 520 3,534 2,238 236 39 E a rn ings W ork er s E a rn ings - - - $4.98 4.83 4.79 3.93 3.94 3.82 4.34 11 52 122 677 409 27 13 $4.85 4.42 5.02 4.45 3.86 4.45 4.77 W o rk ers E a rn ings - 99 85 597 20 758 550 195 77 $5.30 5.14 5.10 5.30 4.74 4.21 4.69 5.14 T a b le 2. E a r n in g s d istrib u tio n : G asm en (P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f gasm en in crude p etrole u m and natural gas production establish m en ts by s tr a ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in g s, 1 U nited States, s e le c te d r e g io n s , and States. August 1972) M iddle A tla n tic U nited State s^ H ou rly ea rn in gs ^ T o ta l Under $3.40 . . $3.40 and under $3.50 . . W estern Pennsylvan ia Mountain To ta l Oklahom a Gulf C oast T o ta l G ulf C oast C a liforn ia T e x a s Inland . 352.9 47.1 4 14.2 4 17.1 9.8 - - - - - - - - - - _ _ 27.3 - _ - _ - _ - - _ - - - _ .3 - _ 27.3 - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - _ _ - _ 5.7 11.3 12.8 7.1 25.5 6.8 13.7 10.3 6.0 18.8 _ 7.8 13.9 15.1 40.0 _ 5.7 16.3 15.8 46.9 _ 1.1 1.5 30.0 5.1 42.7 4.1 45.9 .7 43.9 _ 2.1 23.7 6.9 42.2 17.3 71.2 - 8.0 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 . . . . . . . . . . $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 $4.50 $4.60 $4.70 $4.80 $4.90 and and and and and and and and and and under under under under under under under under under under $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 $4.50 $4.60 $4.70 $4.80 $4.90 $5.00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 .5 4.0 2.1 1.8 20.8 7.2 32.0 $5.00 $5.10 $5.20 $5.30 $5.40 and and and and and under under under under under $5.10 $5.20 $5.30 $5.40 $5.50 . . . . . . . . . . _ _ 3.2 4.5 72.7 - 7 2.7 - - - - - - - - 6.8 7.2 2.0 2.6 _ - _ _ - 8.5 14.9 - 10.3 17.1 - 4.1 9.4 - 4.8 10.5 - 5.4 - - - 6.8 .8 .8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,136 $4.65 11 $4.01 11 $4.01 51 $2.87 141 $4.49 117 $4.42 245 $4.72 209 $4.91 .7 - - 1 E x clu d es p re m iu m p a y fo r o v ertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ay s, and la te sh ifts. 2 Inclu des data fo r r e g io n s in addition to those shown se p a ra tely . 3 A ll w o r k e r s w e re at $2.30 to $2.40. 4 A ll w o r k e r s w e re at $2.10 to $2.20. B ecau se of rounding, sums o f individual item s m ay not equal 100. T o ta l . under under under under under NO TE: T e xa s - and and and and and N um ber o f w o r k e r s . . . A v e r a g e h ou rly ea rn in g s ^ L ou isian a 7.7 3.5 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 T o t a l ......................... M idcontinent B o r d e r States - - - 3.8 1.9 - 24.7 9.4 - - 9.0 5.8 11.8 - - - - 9.5 1.1 1.1 - 2.4 22.4 29.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 527 $4.83 148 $4.83 379 $4.83 52 $4.42 $5.14 85 T a b le 3. E a r n in g s d istrib u tio n : M e c h a n ic s , m a in t e n a n c e (P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f m ain tenan ce m ech an ics in crude p e trole u m and natural gas production establish m en ts by s tr a ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in g s*, U nited States, s e le c te d re g io n s , and States, August 1972) U n ite d S ta te s ^ B o r d e r S ta te s T o ta l U n d e r $ 3 . 4 0 ............................................ $ 3 . 4 0 a n d u n d e r $ 3 . 5 0 .................... T exas M i d c 'o n t i n e n t M id d le A tla n tic H o u rly e a rn in g s * W e ste rn P e n n s y lv a n ia 2 .0 .2 3 1 6 .0 8 .0 3 1 6 .0 8 .0 4 3 5 .0 1 0 .0 M o u n ta in G re a t L ak es T o ta l _ _ O k la h o m a T o ta l G u lf C o a s t C a lifo rn ia T e x a s In la n d 8 .0 5 1 3 .6 3 .6 4 .6 - - - - - - - - - “ $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .8 .3 .1 .2 2 0 .0 1 2 .0 1 2 .0 4 .0 2 0 .0 1 2 .0 1 2 .0 4 .0 2 9 .4 - _ _ _ _ - - - 1 0 .0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ ~ $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 0 0 0 0 0 .................... .................... ................ .... .................... .................... 2 .6 .5 6 .6 1 2 .0 8 .0 4 .0 - 1 2 .0 8 .0 4 .0 - _ 1 .3 6 .0 2 .5 2 .7 2 0 .4 - 4 .9 9 .2 1 .3 4 .0 .3 2 .1 1 7 .1 - 4 .0 1 0 .7 3 .1 6 .2 4 .4 1 3 .8 - - $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 $ 5 .0 0 .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .3 5 .4 1 1 .3 1 .2 7 .5 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .1 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .3 0 and and and and under under under under $ 5 .1 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .3 0 $ 5 .4 0 .................... .................... .................... .................... 2 0 .8 8 .9 4 .6 1 2 .3 $ 5 . 4 0 a n d o v e r ........................................ 4 4 4 4 4 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .9 2 2 .9 _ _ 2 0 .0 - - 2 0 .0 - - * _ _ 5 .0 _ - - - - - - - 5 8 .8 .9 - - - - _ _ _ - - - - - 3 .2 _ T o t a l .................................................... 1 0 0 .0 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ........................ A v e ra g e h o u rly e a rn in g s * . . . 2 ,5 7 0 $ 4 .7 8 * ^ 3 4 ^ .1 3 .2 3 .4 1 .5 4 .9 _ - 7 .5 8 .3 _ 2 .8 4 .0 9 .7 2 0 .0 6 .8 1 .5 3 0 .8 7 .0 1 .3 2 2 .5 4 .0 5 .3 1 1 .8 - 1 8 .2 8 .4 - 1 4 .3 1 4 .3 - - 1 .3 2 .3 3 1 .1 8 .6 1 3 .2 2 9 .6 1 2 .7 3 .7 8 0 .3 8 .2 " 3 0 .0 1 1 .8 5 .8 1 .6 1 2 .6 1 9 .8 4 3 .4 . _ _ .8 6 .1 6 .6 6 .0 - 4.4 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 25 $ 3 .6 1 25 $ 3 .6 1 20 $ 3 .5 2 34 $ 4 .5 0 225 $ 4 .5 3 133 $ 4 .5 9 671 $ 4 .8 3 1 51 $ 4 .9 6 520 $ 4 .7 9 122 $ 5 .0 2 597 $ 5 .1 0 - B ecau se o f rounding, sums o f ind ividu al item s m ay not equal 100. 2 .5 4 .9 - .4 .9 E xclu des p re m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts. N Inclu des data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown sep a ra tely . A ll w o r k e r s at $2.70 to $2.80. W o r k e r s w e r e d is trib u ted as fo llo w s : 30 percen t at $2.40 to $2.50, and 5 p e rcen t at $3.20 to $3.30. W o r k e r s w e r e d is trib u ted as fo llo w s : 3.8 percen t at $2.30 to $2.40; 8.3 p ercen t at $2.70 to $2.80; and 1.5 p e rcen t at $3.30 to $3.40. NO TE: _ .4 .4 1 .2 " .5 T a b le 4: E a r n in g s d istrib u tio n : P u m p e rs (P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f pu m pers in crude p e trole u m and n atu ral gas prod u ction esta b lish m en ts by s tr a ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in g s,* U nited States, s e le c te d re g io n s , and States. August 1972) M iddle A tla n tic United State s 2 H ou rly e a rn in g s * T o ta l M idcontinent B order States W estern Pen n sylvan ia G rea t L a k es T o ta l Lou isia n a Oklahom a T o ta l Gulf C oast T exa s N o rth ern Lou isia n a T o ta l Mountain C a lifo rn ia G ulf C oast Texas Inland 5.4 _ _ . _ _ _ / Under $2.00 3.2 . . 7.5 9.6 327.3 6.1 1.6 2.8 _ - - 4.3 _ .8 1.6 4.2 .2 1.6 _ 7.5 _ _ 11.3 .5 4.6 18.8 _ .8 7.6 4.3 _ _ _ 2.6 _ _ _ _ .7 _ _ _ 0.4 8.1 - .3 _ 1.0 _ .9 _ .1 _ _ _ _ _ 2.2 - 2.7 - - 9.0 5.3 1.5 .8 _ _ _ 2.5 2.7 4.1 .7 .5 3.2 .2 4.0 1.3 2.7 2.3 3.4 4.1 .5 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3.0 _ _ _ 3.8 _ 2.3 2.9 (4) .2 _ .2 1.9 .2 .6 3.5 1.9 _ $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 and and and and and under under under under under $2.10 ........... $2.20 ........... $2.30 ........... $ 2 .4 0 ........... $2.50 ........... $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .6 0 ........... $2.70 ........... $2.80 ........... $ 2 .9 0 ........... $3.00 ........... 2.5 2.7 2.1 .7 .5 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 and and and and and under under under under under $3.10 ........... $3.20 ........... $3.30 ........... $ 3 .4 0 ........... $3.50 ........... 1.5 .2 1.0 2.4 2.3 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 .6 0 ........... $3.70 ........... $3.80 ........... $ 3 .9 0 ........... $4.00 ........... $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 and and and and and under under under under under $4.50 $4.60 $4.70 $4.80 $4.90 and and and and and under under under under under ] 1.5 5.7 - - - - 1.9 - 1.9 - - 3.5 3.5 2.3 (4) 1.0 - 9.6 - _ 1.5 8.8 _ 11.3 8.3 1.5 2.1 .1 (4) .9 .1 .4 - - 6.3 6.3 4.8 1.4 .7 .1 - - _ - 1.5 1.5 2.9 _ .2 .1 _ _ 1.3 10.0 1.9 - - .1 _ _ 1.1 - 1.1 2.7 3.8 2.5 4.1 - 1.4 1.4 16.8 - - - - - - - - - 51.5 55.5 1.8 .4 .4 5.4 1.4 9.4 6.0 10.0 7.7 1.5 - 1.7 1.9 - - .8 $4.10 ........... $4.20 ........... $4.30 ........... $ 4 .4 0 ........... $4.50 ........... 1.4 1.1 .5 1.5 7.2 _ - _ - _ _ - - _ _ 5.0 1.5 .8 18.8 $4.60 ........... $4.70 ........... $4.80 ........... $ 4 .9 0 ........... $5.00 ........... 19.7 15.9 7.3 1.7 3.7 - - _ - 12.5 10.6 - - - - 3.0 - - - T o t a l .................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 N u m b er o f w o r k e r s .............. A v e r a g e h o u rly e a r n in g s * . . 11,420 $3.98 266 $3.11 209 $3.15 260 $2.90 479 $3.46 2,431 $3.51 1,456 $3.80 $5.00 and o v e r - 32.3 18.8 _ - _ _ 1.4 1.6 3.1 11.4 2.3 2.7 5.2 17.8 26.2 3.5 2.7 1.0 - 18.2 3.9 4.7 .6 .1 - 2.1 , B ecau se o f rounding, sums o f individu al item s m ay not equ al 100. .4 - .4 6.9 1.2 _ - _ _ 1.3 1.2 _ _ _ 1.6 1.5 - _ 19.1 - .8 _ _ - .9 .3 .2 2.2 .9 .3 _ - 1.5 _ .3 15.4 7.4 42.5 10.1 .5 10.1 55.6 6.9 _ _ - 13.3 38.1 8.8 .5 8.9 3.1 1.2 1.3 _ 100.0 100.0 2,116 $4.37 1,857 $4.40 * E x clu d es p re m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eek end s, h olid a y s, and la te sh ifts. 2 Inclu des data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown s e p a ra te ly . 3 W o r k e r s w e r e d is trib u ted as fo llo w s : 26.9 percen t at $1.60 to $1.70 and 0.4 p e rc e n t at $1.70 to $1.80. 4 L e s s than 0.05 p e rc e n t. ^ W o r k e r s w e r e d is trib u ted as fo llo w s : 6.9 p ercen t at $5.20 to $5.30 and 5.2 p e rc e n t at $5.40 to $5.50. NO TE: - 1.5 _ 1.1 .9 2.7 _ _ _ - - 2.8 3.6 - 0.9 2.4 .9 1.5 2.4 _ _ _ _ 2.4 _ _ _ .5 3.7 2.3 2.4 _ . _ _ - - 2.1 - .9 _ _ _ _ 20.8 .3 6.3 _ 3.1 1.9 .4 1.6 4.9 2.7 4.8 3.8 2.4 .5 1.4 4.9 22.2 13.4 10.5 .7 3.0 15.7 23.9 17.1 .3 11.3 23.8 10.8 8.8 .8 .9 , 4.0 1 6.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 259 $4.14 4,433 $4.03 899 $4.42 3,534 $3.93 677 $4.45 758 $4.74 / 35.3 22.2 9.3 _ 1.2 3.4 ' / 32.3 14.9 .9 18.6 12.4 5 12.1 T a b le 5. E a rn in g s d istrib u tio n : R o u s ta b o u ts (P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f roustabouts in cru de p e trole u m and natural gas production esta blish m en ts b y s tr a ig h t-tim e h ou rly e a rn in g s *, U nited S tates, se le c te d re g io n s , and States, August 1972) M id d le A tla n tic H o u rly ea rn in g s* United States ^ T o ta l W estern P en n sylvan ia M idcon tinent B ord er States G rea t L a k es T o ta l O klahom a L ou isia n a T o ta l Gulf C oa st U nder $ 2 . 0 0 ..................................... 0.7 5.8 7.2 9.5 - - - - - 0.8 3.2 4.6 3.0 6.6 1.3 5.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 _ 0.2 .3 .2 1.0 _ - 6.6 4.6 3.0 1.4 3.8 5.4 2.5 - - - _ _ 13.9 $2.00 $2.10 $2.20 $2.30 $2.40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .1 0 .................... $ 2 .2 0 .................... $ 2 .3 0 .................... $ 2 .4 0 .................... $ 2 .5 0 .................... .5 1.6 2.4 1.1 2.5 3.9 5.8 - 2.4 - 1.2 - - - - 2.5 8.2 2.2 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .6 0 .................... $ 2 .7 0 .................... $ 2 .8 0 .................... $ 2 .9 0 .................... $ 3 .0 0 .................... 4.0 2.3 2.3 .8 .9 9.7 3.9 .5 9.6 .6 6.0 3.0 - 1.1 1.1 6.9 .5 1.1 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 .1 0 .................... $3.20 .................... $ 3 .3 0 .................... $ 3 .4 0 .................... $ 3 .5 0 .................... .7 .1 .9 1.6 2.8 _ _ _ .5 .5 28.6 .6 .6 29.5 1.2 51.8 3.6 12.6 18.7 - $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 and and and and and under under under under u nder $3.60 .................... $3.70 .................... $3.80 .................... $ 3 .9 0 .................... $ 4 .0 0 .................... 1.7 1.3 2.1 2.0 .2 11.2 - 12.7 - - 2.2 - .9 6.3 .6 1.5 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 and and and and and u nder under under under u nder $ 4 .1 0 .................... $ 4 .2 0 .................... $ 4 .3 0 .................... $ 4 .4 0 .................... $ 4 .5 0 .................... _ 8.5 _ _ - _ Texas N o rth ern L ou isia n a - Texas Inland - - - 4.4 - _ ' 1.5 - _ - - _ _ _ 1.9 2.5 1.1 2.3 1.1 3.2 - _ 13.4 - _ - - - " _ - _ .2 - .3 - _ - " - - .7 5.6 5.4 1.7 _ 2.3 17.9 - 3.7 2.6 3.1 1.1 - _ 1.0 .2 _ 1.1 .3 _ - 2.3 2.5 - - _ _ - - - - - - - - .8 2.3 6.4 19.9 35.3 1.0 22.3 6.3 1.2 27.7 7.8 _ 13.1 _ 2.5 5.8 8.1 25.9 18.4 1.2 2.7 .6 21.2 48.3 _ 12.8 1.6 3.0 .2 23.1 50.2 - 5.1 3.4 30.8 .6 .1 1.1 23.1 47.8 $4.50 and o v e r .................................. - 4.6 .1 - - 5.0 3.6 1.1 1.5 5.7 4.1 .1 - - 2.3 2.3 1.5 3.2 8.5 - 1.7 5.2 9.5 .6 .6 - - C a lifo rn ia Gulf C oast 1.7 3.4 2.6 10.3 _ M ountain T o ta l - _ - _ .4 3.7 3.0 .4 .2 2.9 - _ .8 _ - - 1.2 23.5 42.6 22.0 42.1 7.3 58.7 16.7 1.3 - 2.7 2.2 .4 .4 .7 22.1 61.5 - - 11.6 _ - - - - - - - 41.2 1.6 3.6 5.0 22.7 15.6 2.8 _ _ _ _ _ _ 9.6 9.4 312.0 2.0 2.4 1.8 1.7 4.4 T o t a l ........................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 N u m b er o f w o r k e r s ....................... A v e r a g e H o u rly e a r n in g s * ........... 7,432 $3.91 206 $3.32 166 $3.48 168 $3.27 364 $3.53 1,405 $3.57 866 $3.73 1,235 $4.22 1,118 $4.28 117 $3.67 3,089 $4.02 851 $4.21 2,238 $3.94 409 $3.86 550 $4.21 1 3 3 E xclu des p re m iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts. In clu des data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shqwn se p a ra tely . A ll w o r k e r s at $4.50 to $4.60. NOTE: B ec a u se o f rounding, sums o f in d ividu al item s m ay not equal 100. - T $ b le 6. E a r n in g s d istrib u tio n : T ru c k d riv e rs (P e r c e n t d is trib u tio n o f t r u c k d r iv e r s in crude p e troleu m and natural gas production esta b lish m en ts by s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly earnings,^ United States, s e le c te d r e g io n s , and States, August 1972) M id d le A tla n tic H o u rly ea rn in g s 1 United S tates3 T o ta l W e stern P en n sylvan ia M idcontinent B ord er States G reat L a k es T o ta l Oklahom a Texas L ou isia n a T o ta l G ulf C oast U nder $2.20 .............................................................. $2.20 and under $2.30 ............................................. $2.30 and under $ 2 .4 0 ............................................. $2.40 and under $2.50 ............................................. 0.3 2.2 9.8 _ _ _ . _ _ . . - - - - 14.9 - 3.0 - - - - - - 6.2 19.6 - - $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 and and and and and under under under under under $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 ............................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................. 7.3 6.3 1.8 3.7 .4 _ - _ - _ _ _ - - - 22.0 10.6 3.4 11.2 - 16.4 14.9 8.2 - - _ 18.2 - - - $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 .1 0 ............................................. $3.20 ............................................. $3.30 ............................................. $ 3 .4 0 ............................................. $3.50 ............................................. 2.6 - _ _ - - 59.3 - - - 5.8 5.8 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 and and and and and under under under under under $3.60 ............................................. $3.70 ............................................. $ 3 .8 0 ............................................. $ 3 .9 0 ............................................. $ 4 .0 0 ............................................. .1 1.4 1.8 1.8 3.2 1.9 23.1 1.9 23.1 - 3.8 - - - - - - 5.0 - $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 and and and and and under under under under under $4.10 ............................................. $ 4 .2 0 ............................................. $ 4 .3 0 ............................................. $ 4 .4 0 ............................................. $4.50 ............................................. 2.7 1.2 .9 2.1 15.9 $4.50 $4.60 $4.70 $4.80 $4.90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 4 .6 0 ............................................. $4.70 ............................................. $4.80 ............................................. $ 4 .9 0 ............................................. $5.00 ............................................. 14.1 2.1 10.0 .4 3.0 $5.00 and o v e r ........................................................... 1.9 .4 .5 _ 18.2 9.1 _ 5.8 11.5 - - T o ta l Gulf C oast T e xa s Inland 1.1 12.1 - 1.3 _ 13.6 _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - " _ _ . 6.8 - _ - _ 7.6 . _ - _ _ 10.2 _ _ _ _ - - 48.5 - - - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - _ 3.0 - - - _ _ _ - 7.2 3.8 - _ - - - _ 7.2 . _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 30.8 27.3 - - - - - 6.4 3.4 _ _ 9.1 6.4 23.1 23.1 - _ _ _ _ - - - - - 1.6 1.2 17.1 3.7 3.0 38.8 - 9.1 11.1 27.3 9.1 18.5 11.1 - - 2.2 - - - - 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 18.2 - - - _ _ _ 15.4 - - - - - - - - - 46.2 - - _ - - - - - _ 14.8 _ - 3.0 31.8 - 3.4 30.5 _ _ 29.6 - 55.6 42.6 7.2 36.9 42.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.1 - - - - - _ _ _ 4.2 328.6 T o t a l ................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 N u m b er o f w o r k e r s ............................................... A v e r a g e h ou rly ea rn in g s ^ .................................... 967 $3.78 52 $3.95 52 $3.95 22 $3.71 52 $4.01 322 $3.00 134 $3.39 33 $3.70 27 $3.63 264 $3.94 E x clu d es p re m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts. Inclu des data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown se p a ra te ly . W o r k e r s w e r e d is trib u ted as fo llo w s : 7.1 percen t at $5.40 to $5.50 and 21.5 p e rcen t at $6.00 to $6.10. _ _ 17.3 - 30.8 B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y n ot e q u a l 100. _ _ 9.1 _ - - NOTE: C a lifo rn ia _ - 8.0 1.1 .4 1.5 4.5 1 ^ 3 _ Mountain 17.9 10.7 6.8 _ _ - _ - .4 1.7 5.1 - _ _ - 8.7 1.3 _ 4.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 28 $4.91 236 $3.82 27 $4.45 195 $4.69 T a b le 7. S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u rs (P e r c e n t o f p rod u ction w o r k e r s in cru de p e tro le u m and natu ral gas production establish m en ts b y scheduled w e e k ly h o u r s ,1 United S tates, s e le c te d r e g io n s , and States, August 1972) M id dle A tla n tic W e e k ly hou rs United States ^ T o ta l W estern P en n sylvan ia M id con tinent B o rd e r States G reat L a k es L ou isia n a Texas T o ta l Oklahom a T o ta l G ulf C oast N o rth ern L ou isia n a T o ta l Gulf C oast Texas Inland M ountain C a lifo rn ia A ll w o r k e r s ............................ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 R e g u la r w o r k w e e k .......................... 40 hou rs ........................................ 44 hou rs ........................................ 45 hours ........................................ 48 hou rs ........................................ O v e r 48 h o u r s ............................ V a r ia b le w o r k w e e k ^ ....................... 94 85 (3) 2 6 2 6 100 94 100 100 100 87 7 87 49 79 69 95 85 98 96 98 98 100 79 97 85 95 88 98 84 91 84 100 100 2 15 5 1 - 2 9 1 3 1 6 5 6 (3) 9 - 3 - - - - - 6 - - - - 7 - _ _ 10 16 12 13 1 8 2 21 _ _ 10 _ 5 _ 1 (3) (3) 2 _ _ _ _ 2 11 (3) 2 Data r e la te to the predom in a n t w o rk schedule fo r fu ll- t im e d a y -sh ift production w o r k e r s in each es ta b lis h m en t's la n d -b ased op eration . Inclu des data fo r re g io n s in a ddition to those shown s e p a ra tely . L e s s than 0.5 p e rc e n t. No predom inant w o rk w e e k p r e v a ile d fo r m a jo rity o f w o rk e rs . In one esta b lish m en t, fo r ex am p le, em p lo y ees w ork ed 10 co n secu tive days at 12 hours p e r day and then w e r e o ff 10 s tra ig h t da ys. O v e r a 3 -w e e k p e rio d , each em p loy ee w orked 11 da ys, o r an a v e r a g e o f 44 hours p e r calen d a r w eek . NOTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sums o f ind ividu al item s m ay not equal 100. T a b le 8 . S h if t d iffe re n tia l p ro v isio n s (P e r c e n t o f prod u ction w o r k e r s by shift d iffe re n tia l p r o v is io n s 1 in crude p e tro le u m and n atu ral gas production esta b lish m en ts, U nited States, s e le c te d reg ion s, and States, A ugu st 1972) M id d le A tla n tic Shift d iffe r e n t ia l A ll w o r k e r s ..................................................... United States2 M idcontinent T o ta l W e stern Pen n sylvan ia States G reat L a k es 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 72.9 64.0 64.0 1.0 .2 3.5 .6 .2 .8 57.6 8.9 36.6 25.4 25.4 38.8 25.4 25.4 64.5 50.7 50.7 Lou isia n a Texas Mountain C alifo rnia 100.0 100.0 100.0 71.7 69.2 69.2 _ 81.5 72.1 72.1 18.2 _ _ _ 97.7 86.9 86.9 T o ta l Oklahom a T o ta l Gulf C oast N orth ern L ou isia n a T o ta l G ulf C oast Texas Inland 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 57.1 34.1 34.1 61.4 40.3 40.3 58.3 58.3 58.3 _ _ 83.4 81.5 81.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ 51.0 30.7 30.7 _ _ _ _ _ _ 73.6 71.7 71.7 _ _ 98.3 98.3 98.3 _ _ _ _ Second sh ift W o r k e r s in es ta b lish m en ts having secondsh ift p r o v is io n s .................................................. W ith sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l .................................... U n ifo rm cents p e r h o u r ............................ 8 c e n t s ..................................................... 9 cents ..................................................... 10 cents ..................................................... 11 cents ..................................................... 12 cents ..................................................... 13 cents ..................................................... 15 cents ..................................................... W ith no sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l .............................. - - - - - _ _ 1.4 3.5 _ 35.4 21.1 2.3 6.4 _ _ 49.6 - 76.9 3.6 81.5 1.9 30.7 20.3 2.3 66.1 1.9 98.3 - 3.0 62.0 2.4 58.3 58.3 58.3 6.4 78.7 76.9 76.9 81.5 81.5 81.5 51.0 30.7 30.7 73.6 71.7 71.7 98.2 98.2 98.2 71.6 69.2 69.2 - - 80.5 76.9 76.9 _ _ _ _ > _ 25.4 25.4 46.2 - - - - - - _ 4.5 - 11.2 13.4 13.8 _ 34.1 23.0 36.6 25.4 25.4 38.8 25.4 25.4 57.8 50.7 50.7 55.2 32.4 32.4 - - 3.3 _ _ _ _ _ 4.2 _ _ _ 1.6 _ _ _ _ _ _ 85.3 10.9 53.9 9.4 T h ird or other la te shift W o r k e r s in es ta b lis h m en ts having th ird o r o th er la te - s h ift p r o v i s i o n s ......................... W ith sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l .................................... U n ifo rm cents p e r h o u r ............................ 11 c e n t s ..................................................... 15 cents ..................................................... 16 c e n t s ..................................................... 17 cents ..................................................... 20 c e n t s ..................................................... 25 cents ..................................................... 30 cents ..................................................... W ith no sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l ............................... 1 2 70.9 63.6 63.6 .6 1.9 2.0 .8 1.4 .2 56.8 7.3 - 25.4 - 25.4 - - 56.4 40.3 40.3 3.5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1.4 2.3 _ _ _ 2.3 3.3 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49.6 - 76.9 1.8 81.5 30.7 20.3 66.1 1.9 98.2 62.0 2.4 53.9 9.4 81.0 9.3 - - 22.3 28.3 - - - - - - _ - - - - - - 3.2 29.2 22.9 11.2 13.4 7.2 - 35.4 16.1 R e fe r s to p o lic ie s o f establishm ents eith e r cu rren tly op eratin g la te sh ifts o r having p ro v is io n s c o v e r in g la te sh ifts. Inclu des data fo r r eg io n s in addition to those shown s e p a ra te ly . NO TE: B ecau se o f rounding, sums o f individu al item s m ay not equal to ta ls . - _ - _ _ _ 3.0 4.2 81.5 72.1 72.1 94.6 85.3 85.3 _ _ 18.2 _ _ 4.3 _ _ _ T a b le 9. P a id h o lid a y s (P e r c e n t o f prod u ctio n w o r k e r s in cru de p e tro le u m and natural gas prod u ction establish m en ts w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r paid h olid ays, U nited States, s e le c te d r e g io n s , and States, August 1972) M id dle A tla n tic N u m b er o f pa id h olid ay s U nited State s 1 T otal W estern Pennsylvan ia M idcontinent B o rd e r State s G rea t L a k es Lou isiana Texas T o ta l Oklahom a T o ta l G ulf C oast N orth ern Lou isia n a T o ta l G ulf C oast T exa s Inland Mountain C a lifo rn ia A l l w o r k e r s ............................ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 W o r k e r s in es ta b lish m en ts p r o v id in g paid h olid ay s^ . . . . Under 5 d a y s .......................... 5 days ........................................ 6 days ........................................ 7 days ........................................ 8 days ........................................ 9 days ........................................ 10 days ..................................... 11 d a y s ..................................... 89 1 5 8 4 12 58 1 (3) 100 - 91 7 (3) 90 7 4 98 11 1 88 5 4 93 - 2 92 9 3 100 - 7 2 2 12 39 _ 4 34 - 82 84 14 11 3 4 46 - 84 1 10 93 15 6 30 11 32 78 - 6 6 100 11 3 74 63 - 78 - 82 - - - - - - - 11 - - 7 22 18 16 8 9 W o r k e r s in es ta b lish m en ts p r o v id in g no paid h olid a y s * ^ ^ . . . - 15 8 - 5 _ 6 Inclu des data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown sep a rately . L im ite d to fu ll-d a y h olid ay s p r o v id e d annually. A ddition a l h a lf-d ay h olid ays w e re p ro v id e d by som e es ta b lish m en ts. L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t. NO TE : B ecau se o f rounding, sums o f individu al item s m ay not equal to ta ls. - 33 31 - 7 7 79 (3) 11 60 - 96 11 3 3 18 60 - - - - - 24 63 - 10 2 12 4 7 6 36 - 10 64 (3) - - - 6 Table 10. Paid v a c a tio n s (P e r c e n t o f prod u ction w o r k e r s in crude p e trole u m and natural gas production esta blish m en ts with fo r m a l p ro v is io n s fo r paid va ca tion s a fte r se lec te d p e riod s of s e r v ic e , United States, s e le c te d re g io n s , and a re a s , August 1972) M idcontinent M iddle A tla n tic V a ca tion p o lic y A ll w o r k e r s ............................... United State s * B o rd e r State s G rea t La k es T otal W estern P en n sylvan ia 100 100 100 100 96 96 100 100 100 100 4 - 14 1 81 (3) Lou isian a T exa s Mountain C a lifo rn ia 100 100 100 100 100 96 96 87 87 100 100 3 - 4 13 - 7 90 - 6 94 - 7 _ _ _ _ _ 89 - 87 _ 100 - 9 2 95 - 100 - 2 94 - 87 _ _ 100 - 48 52 - 2 27 68 - - - 16 84 - 2 31 _ 63 _ _ 9 9 82 - 26 _ 60 _ 9 _ 4 9 5 82 - 21 48 31 - 2 16 14 64 - 6 10 84 - 2 19 _ 16 59 - 21 2 16 10 - - 2 19 _ 10 65 _ T o ta l Oklahom a T o ta l G ulf C oast N orth ern Lou isian a T o ta l G ulf C oast Texa s Inland 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 82 82 94 94 93 93 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 97 - " 18 6 7 - - 82 18 - 78 22 - 60 40 - 27 4 50 - 35 59 - 10 83 - 2 8 89 1 2 9 89 - 2 1 92 (3) (3) 15 85 - 17 83 - 100 - 15 4 56 6 - 2 92 - 1 92 - 2 8 89 1 2 9 89 - 91 - 1 29 2 64 (3) 6 93 1 - 8 92 - 87 13 - 3 21 6 47 4 1 49 44 - 1 33 - - 59 - 13 8 * 79 - 1 17 2 16 61 (3) 6 19 73 1 - 8 10 83 - 18 76 7 - 3 21 6 8 39 4 1 36 15 42 - 1 26 10 56 - 6 8 9 77 - 1 16 (3) 12 1 64 1 (3) 6 19 51 23 - 8 10 4 13 1 34 1 26 4 56 26 - 52 28 7 - - - - 3 17 6 12 39 4 - M ethod o f paym ent W o rk e rs in es ta b lish m en ts p ro v id in g paid v a c a t i o n s ........... L e n g t h - o f - t im e ......................... W o r k e r s in es ta b lish m en ts p ro v id in g no paid va ca tion s . . . Am ount o f va ca tio n pay^ A ft e r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e : 1 w eek ....................................... O ve r 1 and under 2 w eek s . . . 2 w e e k s ....................................... 3 w e e k s ....................................... A ft e r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : 1 w eek ....................................... O ve r 1 and under 2 w eek s . . . 2 w e e k s ....................................... O ve r 2 and under 3 w eek s . . . 3 w eek s ....................................... A ft e r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : 1 w eek ....................................... 2 w e e k s ....................................... O ve r 2 and under 3 w eek s . . . 3 w eekj , . ......................... O ve r 3 w eek s ............................ A ft e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : 1 w eek ....................................... 2 w e e k s ....................................... O v e r 2 and under 3 w eek s . . . 3 w e e k s ....................................... 4 w e e k s ....................................... O ve r 4 and under 5 w eek s . . . A ft e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : 1 w eek ....................................... 2 w e e k s ....................................... O v e r 2 and under 3 w eek s . . . 3 w eek s ....................................... O ve r 3 and under 4 w eek s . . . 4 w e e k s ....................................... O ve r 4 and under 5 w eek s . . . 5 w e e k s ....................................... See fo otn otes at end of tab le. - - - - -■ 3 - 14 45 - 5 61 - 11 77 8 - - - - 7 82 9 - 91 9 - 48 31 _ 69 _ - - 5 9 85 - - 8 _ 19 60 _ 91 _ _ 9 _ 4 87 _ _ _ 8 _ 9 _ 19 _ 60 _ \ _ _ 90 _ 2 Table 10. Paid v a c a tio n s —Continued (P e r c e n t o f prod u ction w o r k e r s in cru de p e tro le u m and natural gas production establish m en ts with fo r m a l p ro v is io n s fo r paid va ca tion s a f t e r ' se lec te d p e rio d s o f s e r v ic e , U nited States, s e le c te d r e g io n s , and a re a s , August 1972) M id dle A tla n tic V a ca tion p o lic y A l l w o r k e r s ............................... United State s * M idcontinent B o rd e r State s G reat L a kes To ta l W estern Pen n sylvan ia 100 100 100 100 1 16 (3) 8 8 1 61 6 19 5 69 _ 1 8 10 - _ 13 _ 1 16 (3) 6 19 5 (2) 48 8 10 6 25 52 53 - - - Texa s Lou isian a Mountain C a lifo rn ia 100 100 100 5 - 2 19 - _ _ 8 - 9 5 _ 81 6 10 _ 9 _ _ 59 5 _ 2 19 _ _ _ 8 9 9 5 - 6 10 _ (3) 18 _ 3 81 - 59 - 60 88 - - T o ta l Oklahom a T o ta l G ulf C oast N orth ern L ou isia n a T o ta l G ulf C oast Texa s Inland 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 3 17 6 8 4 4 39 1 34 - 1 26 2 3 61 4 10 (3) 8 3 7 9 82 21 43 5 31 2 16 6 9 64 1 26 2 2 61 4 10 (3) - 3 - 21 43 5 31 2 16 6 9 64 - - Am ount o f va ca tion p a y 2--C ontinued A ft e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : 1 w eek ....................................... 2 w e e k s ....................................... O ve r 2 and under 3 w eek s . . . 3 w e e k s ....................................... 4 w e e k s ....................................... O v e r 4 and under 5 w eek s . . . 5 w e e k s ....................................... A ft e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e : (4) 1 w eek ....................................... 2 w eek s ....................................... O ve r 2 and under 3 w eek s . . . 3 w eek s ....................................... 4 w eek s ....................................... O v e r 4 and under 5 w eek s . . . 5 w eek s ....................................... O ve r 5 and under 6 w eek s . . . 7 6 (3) 64 1 6 77 _ _ 19 62 _ 7 _ 13 14 20 - 3 17 6 8 4 4 39 - 13 2 _ 45 1 34 13 1 45 - - 77 77 8 7 82 9 1 Inclu des data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown sep a rately. 2 P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e r e a r b it r a r ily chosen and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t the individu al esta b lish m en t p ro v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n . tions in d ica ted at 10 y e a r s m a y include changes in p ro v is io n s occu rrin g betw een 5 and 10 y e a r s . 3 L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t. ^ V a ca tion paym ents w e r e v ir t u a lly the sam e a fte r lo n g e r period s o f s e r v ic e . NO TE : B ecau se o f rounding, sums o f in dividu al item s m ay not equal to ta ls . 19 _ 60 3 _ 88 _ _ _ F o r ex am p le, the changes in p r o p o r Table 11. Health, insurance, and retirement plans. (P e r c e n t o f prod u ction w o r k e r s in crude p etrole u m and natural gas production establish m en ts with s p e c ifie d health, in su ra n ce, and r e tir e m e n t plans, U nited S tates, s e le c te d re g io n s , and States, August 1972) M id d le A tla n tic T y p e o f plan* A ll w ork ers ............................................. W o r k e r s in es ta b lish m en ts p ro v id in g : L if e in s u r a n c e .................................................. N o n c o n trib u to ry p la n s ............................ A c c id e n ta l death and d ism em b e rm e n t in su ra n ce ..................................................... N on c o n trib u to ry p la n s ............................ S ickness and a ccid en t in su ran ce o r s ic k le a v e o r b o t h - * .................................... Sickness and accid en t insurance . . . . N o n c o n trib u to ry p la n s ................... Sick le a v e (fu ll pay, no w aiting p e rio d ) S ick le a v e (p a r tia l pay o r w aiting p e r io d ) .................................................. H o s p ita liz a tio n i n s u r a n c e ............................ N o n c o n trib u to ry p la n s ............................ S u rg ic a l in s u r a n c e .......................................... N o n c o n trib u to ry p la n s ............................ M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e .......................................... N o n c o n trib u to ry p la n s ............................ M a jo r m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e ............................... N o n c o n trib u to ry p la n s ............................ R e tir e m e n t p la n s 4 ............................................. P e n sio n p l a n s .......................................... N on c o n trib u to ry p la n s ................... S e v e ra n c e pay .......................................... No p la n s .............................................................. United States^ M idcontinent B o rd e r States G reat L a kes T o ta l W e stern P en n sylvan ia 100 100 100 100 94 43 92 50 91 46 65 23 49 33 83 27 18 63 10 97 33 97 33 96 33 93 31 78 78 58 (5) 2 L ou isia n a Texas Mountain C a lifo rn ia 100 100 100 94 45 98 42 87 22 93 51 59 14 44 4 64 16 53 14 88 61 72 52 26 72 82 16 11 70 94 5 3 84 79 19 13 66 84 6 4 78 93 41 36 75 _ 7 98 48 98 48 98 47 96 46 81 81 64 9 100 62 100 62 100 62 94 57 97 97 80 7 98 43 98 43 97 43 97 43 77 77 60 87 20 87 20 87 20 87 20 82 82 64 T o ta l Oklahom a T o ta l Gulf C oast N o rth ern L ou isia n a T o ta l Gulf C oast T e xa s Inland 100 100 100 100 100 100 .100 100 99 24 85 34 90 35 88 50 100 55 100 59 100 22 97 43 44 24 69 15 67 20 70 22 61 33 57 16 54 16 93 21 93 81 71 30 92 78 66 28 80 18 7 55 57 18 12 38 67 25 6 44 60 7 6 58 97 50 33 65 100 50 33 64 2 90 45 90 45 81 45 65 28 82 82 40 7 - 3 94 46 94 46 84 46 72 32 85 85 40 8 - 18 100 25 100 25 100 25 93 18 80 80 35 1 87 24 87 24 85 22 69 14 44 44 40 5 98 22 98 22 92 22 87 22 51 51 39 1 99 33 99 33 88 33 81 33 69 69 50 24 100 19 100 19 100 19 100 19 94 94 74 26 100 20 100 20 100 20 100 20 96 96 78 100 11 100 11 100 11 100 11 73 73 31 - - - - _ _ - _ _ _ - 13 2 1 - - - 2 - 2 _ _ 16 100 35 100 35 100 35 100 35 91 91 60 (5) 13 1 Inclu des on ly those plans fo r which at lea st part of the cost is borne by the e m p lo y e rs and exclu des le g a lly req u ire d plans such as w o rk m en 's com pensation and s o cia l s e c u rity ; h o w e v e r , plans re q u ir e d by State te m p o ra ry d is a b ility insurance la w s a re included i f the e m p lo y e r co n trib u tes m o re than is re q u ire d or the em p loyee r e c e iv e s ben efits in e x c e s s o f the le g a l r e q u ire m e n ts . 2 Inclu des data fo r r e g io n s in addition to those shown se p a ra te ly . 3 U nduplicated to ta l o f w o r k e r s re c e iv in g sic k lea ve o r sickn ess and a ccid en t insurance shown s e p a ra te ly . ^ U ndu plicated to ta l o f w o r k e r s in plans having p ro v isio n s fo r pensions and se ve ra n c e pay plans shown se p a ra te ly . ^ L e s s than 0.5 p e rc e n t. NOTE: B ec a u se o f rounding, sums o f individu al item s m ay not equal to ta ls . Table 12. Other selected benefits (P e r c e n t o f prod u ction w o r k e r s in cru de p e tro le u m and natural gas production esta b lish m en ts having fo r m a l p ro v is io n s fo r fu n era l le a v e pay, ju ry -d u ty pay, th r ift or savings plans, t r a v e l pay, and p re m iu m p a y fo r o ffs h o r e w ork, United States, selec te d re g io n s , and States, August 1972) M iddle A tla n tic Typ e o f b e n efit W o r k e r s in es ta b lish m en ts with p r o v is io n s fo r: F u n era l le a v e p a y ....................... J u ry-d u ty p a y ............................... T h r ift or sa vin gs p la n s 1 ........... 2 W o r k e r s in es ta b lis h m en ts with o ffs h o re op era tion s ....................... W ith t r a v e l pay p r o v is io n s 3 . . R e g u la r w age r a t e .............. O ther tr a v e l paym ent^ . . . W ith p re m iu m pay fo r o ffs h o re w o r k ......................... C e n ts -p e r -h o u r .................... 20 c e n t s ......................... P e r c e n t .................................. 4.5 p e r c e n t .................... U nited State s 1 M idcon tinent B o rd e r States G rea t L a kes To ta l W estern P en n sylvan ia 77 78 63 89 89 26 100 100 30 73 80 10 29 26 10 16 - - 6 3 3 3 3 " Texas Mountain C a liforn ia 74 76 64 71 71 69 89 89 60 11 6 6 - N orth ern L ou isia n a T o ta l G ulf C oast T exa s Inland 99 100 91 92 92 36 77 78 69 87 87 84 87 79 21 58 96 86 23 64 - 25 20 7 13 72 70 31 40 34 16 16 18 18 38 18 18 20 20 - - - - T o ta l Oklahom a T o ta l 36 41 39 60 57 52 79 72 68 99 99 86 - - - - - - - - “ - - 1 Inclu des data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown sep a rately . 2 Inclu des only plans in which e m p lo y e r m akes m on eta ry contributions beyond a d m in is tra tiv e co sts. ^ P a y p r o v is io n s fo r t r a v e l betw een the w o r k e r 's rep o rtin g point and the site of o ffsh o re o p eration s. ^ A l l w o r k e r s r e c e iv e $1.60 to $1.65 p e r hour. L ou isian a Gulf C oast - 42 41 30 11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey Scope of survey The survey included establishments primarily engaged in operating oil and gas field properties (industry 1311 as The number o f establishments and workers actually studied by the Bureau, as well as the numbers estimated to be in the industry during the payroll period studied, are shown in table A -l. defined in the 1967 edition o f the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, prepared by the U.S. Office o f Management and Budget). Method of study Establishments primarily engaged in performing oil field services for operators on a contract, fee, or other basis (SIC 138) and separate auxiliary units, such as central offices and research labo ratories, were excluded from the study. The establishments studied were selected from those employing eight workers or more at the time o f reference Data were obtained by personal visits o f Bureau field economists under the direction o f the Bureau’s Assistant Regional Directors for Operations. The survey was conducted on a sample basis. To obtain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion o f large than o f small establishments was studied. In combining o f the data used in compiling the universe lists. Table A-1. Estimated number of establishments and employees within scope of survey and number studied, crude petroleum and natural gas production, August 1972 Workers in establishments Number of establishments^ Within scope of study Region1 and State Actually studied Within scope of study Actually studied Total3 Production workers Total3 United States4 ................ 1,240 242 74,895 43,468 43,821 Middle A tla n tic ............................. Western Pennsylvania........... Border States................................... Great L a k e s ................................... Midcontinent ........................... . O klahom a........................... Louisiana........................................ Gulf C o a s t........................... Northern Louisiana............. Texas ............................................. Gulf C o a s t........................... Inland................................... Mountain........................................ California ..................................... 31 23 42 100 349 165 114 59 55 427 98 329 100 72 16 12 12 22 53 28 35 19 16 61 25 36 22 18 1,203 968 1,964 3,028 13,980 7,647 13,854 12,299 1,555 27,912 7,871 20,041 3,470 10,244 925 776 1,510 2,261 7,552 4,123 7,260 6,599 661 15,261 3,408 11,853 2,345 6,181 940 783 1,418 830 5,147 3,861 10,330 9,550 780 16,169 4,772 11,397 1,405 7,396 1 T h e regions or their com ponents used in this study include: M iddle A tla n tic —New Y o rk and Pennsylvania; Western Pennsy l vania—A dam s. Cum berland, Ly co m in g , M ifflin , Perry, Tio ga , U n ion, and all other Pennsylvania counties west thereof; Border S ta te s— K e n tu ck y and West V irgin ia ; G reat La k e s—Illin ois, Indiana, M ichigan, and O h io ; M idco ntinen t—Arkansas. Kansas, M ississippi, Nebraska, and O klaho m a; Lou isiana G u lf C o a st—A voyelles. East Fe licia n a, Pointe Coupee, Rapides, St. Helena, Tan gipahoa, V ernon , W ashington, West Fiiicia n a , and all other Lou isiana parishes south thereof; Northern Lo u isia n a —all Lou isiana parishes not included in the Lou isiana G u lf C oast; T e xa s G u lf C o a st—Bee. Brazos, Burleson, D ew itt, Fayette, Jasper, Kernes, Lavaca, Le e, Live O ak, Madison, New ton, P o lk, R efugio , T r in it y , T y le r, W alker, and all other T e x a s counties east thereof; Te xa s In la n d —all T e x a s counties not included in the T e xa s G u lf Coast; M ountain—A rizo n a , Colo rad o , Idaho, M ontana, New M exico, N orth D akota, Utah, and W yom ing. 2 Includes on ly establishm ents w ith 8 w orkers or m ore at the tim e of reference of the universe data. ^ Includes executive, professional, office, and other w orkers excluded from the p roduction w orker category. 4 Includes data fo r regions in addition to those shown separately. A laska and Haw aii were not included in the stu dy. 19 the data, however, all establishments were given their appropriate weight. A ll estimates are presented, there fore, as relating to all establishments in the industry, excluding only those below the minimum size at the time o f reference o f the universe data. the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number o f indi viduals. The hourly earnings o f salaried workers were obtained by dividing their straight-time salary by normal rather than actual hours. Scheduled weekly hours Establishment definition Data were obtained, where possible, on the predomi nant work schedule for full-time production workers employed on the day shift. About 6 percent o f the industry’s workforce were on a variable work schedule, i.e., no predominant workweek (see table 7, footnote 4). An establishment, for purposes o f this study, was defined as covering all oil and gas field activities o f an operating company in the wage area for which separate data are presented. For areas including two States or more, such as the Great Lakes region operating activities crossing State lines were counted within the geographic boundaries o f each State rather than combined into one unit. Shift provisions Employment either currently operating late shifts or having formal provisions covering late-shift work. The estimates o f the number o f workers within the scope o f the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition o f the labor force included in the survey, rather than a precise measure o f employment. Supplementary wage provisions Shift provisions relate to the policies o f establishments Supplementary benefits were treated statistically on the basis that if formal provisions were applicable to half or more o f the production workers in an establishment, Occupations selected for study the benefits were considered applicable to all such workers. Similarly, i f fewer than half o f the workers were covered, the benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because o f lenght-of-service and other eligibility requirements, the proportion o f workers re ceiving the benefits may be smaller than estimated. Occupational classification was based on a uniform set o f job descriptions designed to take account o f inter establishment and interarea variations in duties within the same job. (See appendix B for descriptions.) The occupations were chosen for their numerical importance, their usefulness in collective bargaining, or their repre sentativeness o f the entire job scale in the industry. Working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers were not reported in the selected occupations. Paid holidays. Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day and half-day holidays provided annually to production workers. Paid vacations. The summary o f vacation plans is limited to formal arrangements, excluding informal plans whereby time o ff with pay is granted at the discretion Wage data o f the employer or the supervisor. The periods o f service for which data are presented were selected as represen Wage information relates to average straight-time tative o f the most common practices, but they do not hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. for progression. For example, the changes in propor Incentive payments, such as those resulting from piece tions indicated at 10 years o f service may include changes work or production bonus systems, and cost-of-living which occurred between 5 and 10 years. bonuses were included as part o f the workers’ regular pay; nonproduction bonus payments, such as Christmas Healthy insurancet and retirement plans. or yearend bonuses, were excluded. presented for health, insurance, and retirement plans for Data are Average (mean) hourly rates or earnings for each which all or a part o f the cost is borne by the employer, occupation were calculated by weighting each rate (or excluding programs required by law, such as workmen’s compensation and social security. Among the plans hourly earnings) by the number o f workers receiving 20 included are those underwritten by a commercial insur ance company and those paid directly by the employer from his current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form o f life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type o f insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer con tributes at least a part o f the cost. However, in New York and New Jersey, where temporary disability insur ance laws require employer contributions,1 plans are included only i f the employer ( 1 contributes more than ) is legally required, or ( 2) provides the employee with benefits which exceed the requirements o f the law. Tabulations o f paid sick leave plans are limited to for Tabulations o f retirement pension plans are limited to plans which provide, upon retirement, regular pay ments for the remainder o f the worker’s life. Data are presented separately for retirement severance payments (one payment or a specified number over a period o f time) made to employees on retirement. Establishments providing both retirement severance payments and retire ment pensions to employees were considered as having both retirement pension and retirement severance plans. Establishments having optional plans providing employ ees a choice o f either retirement severance payments or pensions were considered as having only retirement pension benefits. Paid funeral and jury-duty leave. Data for paid funeral and jury-duty leave relate to formal provisions for at least partial payment for time lost as a result o f attending funerals o f certain family members or serving as a juror. mal plans which provide full pay or a proportion o f the worker’s pay during absence from work because o f illness; informal arrangements have been omitted. Sepa rate tabulations are provided for ( 1 plans which provide ) full pay and no waiting period, and ( 2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for com plete or partial payment o f doctors’ fees. Such plans may be underwritten by a commercial insurance company or a nonprofit organization, or they may be self-insured. Major medical insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical or catastrophe insurance, includes the plans designed to cover employees in case o f sickness or injury involving an expense which goes beyond the nor mal coverage o f hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. 21 Thrift or savings plans. Data relate to formal provisions for a thrift or savings plan to which the employer makes monetary contributions beyond administrative costs. Travel and premium pay for offshore work. Information is provided on the establishment’s formal pay provisions for travel between the worker’s reporting point and the site o f offshore operations, as well as the incidence and amount o f premium pay for workers engaged in offshore operations. 1 The temporary disability insurance laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. A p p e n d ix B. O c c u p a tio n a l D e s c rip tio n s The primary purpose o f preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’ s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety o f payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping o f occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because o f this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability o f occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field staff are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. Derrickman levers, pedals, and brakes to control draw works which supply power necessary to lower and raise drill pipe and Works on a rotary drilling rig, assisting in raising and lowering casing and drill pipe and in carrying on drilling operations. Work involves: From position near top o f rig, guiding and attaching or detaching elevator to or from upper end o f sections o f casing or drill pipe as it is being run into or pulled out o f well; tending slush or mud casing into and out o f well; checking operation o f slush pumps to see that fluid, which cools bit, removes cuttings, and seals walls o f well with clay, is circulating properly and is o f correct consistency; inspecting core or cuttings from well to determine nature o f strata drilled through; fishing for and removing equipment lost in well, using pumps which circulate a heavy mixture o f clay and water through a drill pipe to flush out drillings and cool bit; special tools at end o f drill pipe or cable; keeping record o f location and nature o f strata, number o f feet advanced cleaning, oiling, greasing, inspecting, and repairing pulley, blocks, and cables that are used to raise and lower casing and drill pipe; assists rotary driller to regulate valves in controlling flow o f oil when well is brought in (first begins flowing). per shift, and materials used. May start flow o f well by assisting shooter in low ering and setting o f f a charge o f explosives in the strata and control flow o f well when it comes in (first begins flowing) by capping it or regulating control valves. Supervises and is assisted by workers, such as derrickman and rotary floorman. Driller, rotary Electrician, maintenance (Core driller; well driller) Performs a variety o f electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair o f equipment Supervises drilling operations and operates draw works that serve as a power distribution center for the raising for the generation, distribution, or utilization o f electric and lowering o f drill pipe and casing, and for rotation o f energy in an establishment. Work involves most o f the drill pipe in the well. following: Work involves: Manipulating Installing or repairing any o f a variety o f electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, levers and throttles to control speed o f rotary table which rotates string o f tools, and to regulate the pres switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission sure o f the tools at the bottom o f the well as indicated by a gauge; connecting and disconnecting sections o f drill equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, pipe as they run into or out o f well; selecting drill bits or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble according to nature o f strata encountered and changing them when dull or when strata change; manipulating in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements o f wiring or 22 electrical equipment; and using a variety o f electrician’s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work o f the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. repairing regulators instruments. (governors) and other control Mechanic, maintenance Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment o f an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diag nose source o f trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use o f handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing Floorman, rotary (Rotary driller helper; rotary helper; roughneck) broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production o f a replacement part by a machine shop or sending the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production o f parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work o f a maintenance mechanic requires rounded train ing and experience usually acquired through a formal Assists in drilling operations and in running drill pipe and casing in and out o f well. Work involves: Guiding lower end o f sections o f drill pipe and casing to or from well opening as derrickman handles upper end in running sections into or out o f well; racking or unracking drill pipe sections in order o f removal; helping connect or disconnect joints between sections, using tongs or chain wrenches to grip and turn pipe; inserting and removing slips (curved metal wedges) used at top o f well to hold drill pipe at desired point when it is being run into or apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. out o f well; operating a cathead (power-driven winch), the cable o f which is attached to the tongs or wrench to loosen or tighten the joints; digging ditches, racking tools, and cleaning up drilling floor or around rig; Painter, maintenance assisting in making repairs to drilling machinery, slush pumps, and derrick. Paints structures and equipment used in oil fields. Work involves the following: Knowledge o f surface peculiarities and types o f paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing Gasman old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. ( Gas-producer man; gas-plant operator) May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint Operates automatically controlled natural-gas treating unit in oil or gas field to render gas suitable for fuel and for pipeline transportation. Work involves most o f the following: Opening valves to admit gas and specified chemicals into treating vessel where moisture is absorbed and impurities removed; adjusting control o f auxiliary equipment, such as pumps, heating coils, and cooling ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work o f the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. tower; reading temperature and pressure gauges and ad justing controls to keep heat and pressure at level o f max imum efficiency within safe operating limits; performing routine tests or delivering samples to laboratory to deter mine qualities o f gas, such as B.T.U. value, flame candle- Pumper power, and specific gravity, and proportions o f elements, such as methane, propane, and natural gasoline, draining samples o f boilerwater from treating unit for laboratory or Diesel) which drives the oil-well pumps used to lift oil analysis; adding specified chemicals to water to keep regulate flow o f oil from well to storage tanks or into heating and cooling systems in working order. May pipe lines; reading meters and making daily production adjust and repair gas meters and governors, using hand- reports o f the amount and quality o f oil pumped; check tools. May change charts on meters equipped with automatic recorders and may advise and assist workers from oil and making adjustments; lubricating and making (Oil-well pumper; pumpman) Operates the power unit (steam, gas, gasoline, electric, from wells in which natural flow has diminished or ceased. Work includes: Opening and closing valves to ing pressure o f separator, which separates natural gas 23 actual drilling operations and those operations alone. Roustabouts are employed after the well is finished. They assist in various other functions encountered in petroleum production. minor repairs to pumps; and reporting major breakdowns and well difficulties. May make regular tests o f oil for bottom sediment and water. Roustabout Truckdriver (Laborer) Drives a truck in and around oil or gas fields to Performs, upon assignment, any combination o f the following tasks in and about oil fields: Digging trenches for drainage around oil wells, storage tanks, and other installations; filling excavations with dirt; loading and transport crude petroleum, equipment, men, or supplies between battery sites, rail points, and other unloading docks. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck unloading trucks by hand or using handtrucks; assisting pumpers in setting up pumps used to pump oil, gas, water, or mud; bailing spilled oil into buckets and barrels; cleaning machinery; cutting down trees and brush around oil field installations; segregating pipe sections on racks in material yard; and connecting tanks and flow lines and performing other miscellaneous pipefitting work. Casual laborers who are hired for sporadic needs and maintenance floormen (gang pushers) should be in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the- road drivers are excluded. Welder, oil field excluded from this classification. Cuts, lays out, fits, and welds sheet metal, cast iron, aluminum, and other metal or alloyed metal parts to fabricate or repair oil field machinery, equipment, and installations such as oil and gas-pipe lines and tanks, Difficulties are sometimes encountered in distin guishing between roustabouts and roughnecks (rotary floormen). Whenever such difficulties arise, roughnecks should be considered as those workers who assist in the pressure vessels, pump sections, heavy bases for drilling equipment, drill pipes, or casings. The oil field welder usually operates electric-welding and/or acetylene-welding apparatus. 24 Industry Wage Studies The most recent reports for industries included in the Bureau’s program o f industry wage surveys since January 1960 are listed below. Copies are available from the Superintendent o f Documents, U.S. Government Print- ing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402, or any o f its regional sales offices, and from the Bureau o f Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C., 20212, or from any o f its regional offices shown on the inside back cover. I. Occupational Wage Studies Manufacturing Price Basic Iron and Steel, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1602 .............................................................................................. $0.55 Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1732 .................................................................... 45 Cigar Manufacturing, 1972 BLS Bulletin 1796 ....................................................................................................... 65 Cigarette Manufacturing, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1748.................................................................................................30 Cotton and Man-Made Fiber Textiles, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1637...................................................................... 1.00 Fabricated Structural Steel, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1695 ........................................................................................... 50 Fertilizer, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1763 .......................................................................................................................75 Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1576 ............................................................................. 25 Fluid Milk Industry, 1964. BLS Bulletin 1464 ....................................................................................................... 30 Footwear, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1792 .............................................................................................................. 1.25 Hosiery, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1743 ......................................................................................................................... 75 Industrial Chemicals, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1768 ..................................................................................................... 80 Iron and Steel Foundries, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1626 ................................................ ........................................ 1.00 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1618....................................................................................... 55 Machinery Manufacturing, 1970-71. BLS Bulletin 1754 .................................................................................. 1.00 Meat Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1677......................................................................................................... 1.00 Men’s and Boy’s Separate Trousers, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1752 ......................................................................... .60 Men’ s and Boys’ Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1794......................................... 60 Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 6 ............................................................................ .95 Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1690 ..................................................................................... 60 Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1679 ............................................................................................... 75 Nonferrous Foundries, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1726 ................................................................................................... 50 Paints and Varnishes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1739 ..................................................................................................... 60 Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 9 .......................................................................... 1.25 Petroleum Refining, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1 7 4 1 ................................................................................................ .50 Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 3 ........................................................................... 50 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1608 ................................................................................. 60 Southern Sawmills and Planing Mills, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1694 ............................................................................. 50 Structural Clay Products, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1697 .......................................................................... .................... 65 Synthetic Fibers, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1740..............................................................................................................40 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1757 ......................................................................................... 70 See footnote at end o f listing. I. Occupational Wage Studies—Continued Manufacturing-Con tinued Price West Coast Sawmilling, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1704 ............................................................................................ $0.45 Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1728............................................................................. 35 Women’ s and Misses’ Dresses, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1783 .............................................................................. (l) Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1793........................................................... 90 Wool Textiles, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1551................................................................................................................. 45 Work Clothing, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1624 ............................................................................................................... 50 Nonmanufacturing Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1689 ............................................................................................. 50 Banking, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1703 ......................................................................................................................... 65 Bituminous Coal Mining, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1583 ............................................................................................... 50 Communications, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 5 1 ........................................................................................................... 30 Contract Cleaning Services, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1778............................................................................................. 85 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1566 ............................................................... 30 Educational Insitutions: Nonteaching Employees, 1968-69. BLS Bulletin 1 6 7 1 ................................................. 50 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1 6 1 4 ............................................................................................... 70 Hospitals, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1688 ................................................................................................................. 1.00 Laundry and Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1645....................................................................................... 75 Life Insurance, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1 7 9 1 ............................................................................................................... 85 Motion Picture Theaters, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1542 ............................................................................................... 35 Nursing Homes and Related Facilities, 1967—68. BLS Bulletin 1638 .............................................................. .75 Scheduled Airlines, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1734 ......................................................................................................... 45 Wages and Tips in Restaurants and Hotels, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1 7 1 2 ..................................................................... 60 II. Other Industry Wage Studies Employee Earnings and Hours in Nonmetropolitan Areas o f the South and North Central Regions, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1552 .............................................................................................................................................50 Employee Earnings and Hours in Eight Metropolitan Areas o f the South, 1965. BLS Bulletin 1533 .....................40 Employee Earnings and Hours in Retail Trade, June 1966Retail Trade (Overall Summary). BLS Bulletin 1584.............................................................................. 1.00 Building Materials, Hardware, and Farm Equipment Dealers, BLS Bulletin 1584-1 ....................................... 30 General Merchandise Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-2......................................................................................... 55 Food Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-3 .............................................................................................................. 60 Automotive Dealers and Gasoline Service Stations. BLS Bulletin 1584-4................ .................................... 50 Apparel and Accessory Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-5 ..................................................................................... 55 Furniture, Home Furnishings, and Household Appliance Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-6 ................................. 50 Miscellaneous Retail Stores. BLS Bulletin 1584-7.......................................................................................... 65 1 Price not yet available. ☆ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973 0 - 5 4 3 - 759 (37) B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S R E G IO N A L O F F IC E S Region I 1603 JF K Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6762 (Area Code 617) Region V 8th Floor, 300 South Wacker Drive Chicago, III. 60606 Phone: 353-1880 (Area Code 312) Region II Region V I 1515 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10036 Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212) 1100 Commerce St., Rm. 6B7 Dallas, Tex. 75202 Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214) Region III P. O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: 597-1154 (Area Code 215) Regions VII and VIII * Federal Office Building 911 Walnut St., 15th Floor Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816) Region IV Suite 540 1371 Peachtree St., NE. Atlanta, Ga. 30309 Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404) Regions IX and X ** 450 Golden Gate Ave. Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415) ** Regions VII and VIII are serviced by Kansas City. Regions IX and X are serviced by San Francisco. U.S. D EPA RTM EN T OF LABO R BU REAU OF LABO R S T A T IS T IC S WASHINGTON, D .C . 20212 TH IR D C LA SS MAIL POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U.S. DEPARTM EN T OF LABO R OFFICIAL BUSINESS P EN A LTY FOR PR IV A TE USE, $300 LAB - 441
