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INDUSTRY WARE SURVEY Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production I August 1967 Bulletin No. 1566 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production August 1967 B ulletin No. 1566 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 2 0 40 2 - Price 30 cents Preface T h is b u lle tin s u m m a r i z e s the r e s u l t s of a B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s s u r v e y of w a g e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f it s in the c r u d e p e t r o l e u m and n a t u r a l g a s p r o d u c t io n i n d u s t r y in A u g u st 1967. T h is stu d y w a s con d u c ted in the B u r e a u ' s O ffic e of W a g e s and I n d u s t r i a l R e l a t i o n s . The a n a l y s i s w a s p r e p a r e d by C h a r l e s E . S c o tt, J r . , in the D i v i s i o n o f O c c u p a t i o n a l W age S t r u c t u r e s . F i e l d w o rk f o r the s u r v e y w a s d i r e c t e d by the A s s i s t a n t R e g io n a l D i r e c t o r s f o r O p e r a t i o n s . O th e r r e p o r t s a v a i l a b l e f r o m the B u r e a u ' s p r o g r a m of in d u s t r y w a g e s t u d i e s , a s w e ll a s the a d d r e s s e s of the B u r e a u ' s s i x r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s , a r e l i s t e d a t the end of th is b u lle tin . iii Contents Page S u m m a r y ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------In d u stry c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O c c u p a ti o n a l e a r n i n g s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s -------------------------------------------S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s and sh ift p r o v i s i o n s --------------------------------------------------------------P a i d h o l i d a y s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P a i d v a c a t i o n s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------H ealth , i n s u r a n c e , and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s --------------------------------------------------------------------O th er s e l e c t e d b e n e f it s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 T ables: 1. O c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 E a r n i n g s d is t r i b u t i o n : 2. G a s m e n - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. M e c h a n i c s , m a i n t e n a n c e ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. P u m p e r s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. R o u s t a b o u t s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. T r u c k d r i v e r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 7 8 9 10 E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s : 7. S c h e d u le d w eek ly h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. S hift d i f f e r e n t i a l p r o v i s i o n s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------9. P a i d h o l id a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. P a i d v a c a t io n s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. H ealth , i n s u r a n c e , and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s ------------------------------------------------------------12. O th er s e l e c t e d b e n e f it s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 12 13 14 15 16 A pp en d ixes: A. S c o p e and m ethod of s u r v e y ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------B . O c c u p a ti o n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17 20 iv Industry Wage Survey— Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, August 1967 Sum m ary the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f the s u r v e y w e r e in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r i m a r i l y p r o d u c in g c r u d e p e t r o l e u m . M a in t e n a n c e e l e c t r i c i a n s , a v e r a g i n g $3 .7 2 an h o u r ( s t r a i g h t - t i m e ) , w e r e the h i g h e s t p a i d a m o n g the 10 o c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r stu d y in an A u g u s t 1967 B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s s u r v e y of the c r u d e p e t r o l e u m an d n a t u r a l g a s p rod u ctio n in d u stry . 1 H ou rly a v e r a g e s f o r the r e m a i n i n g j o b s r a n g e d f r o m $ 2 . 80 f o r r o t a r y f l o o r m e n to $ 3 . 6 2 f o r m a i n t e n a n c e m ech an ics. P u m p e r s and r o u s t a b o u t s , n u m e r i c a l l y the two m o s t i m p o r t a n t g r o u p s s t u d i e d , a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 9 7 an d $ 2 . 8 6 a n h o u r , re sp e ctiv e ly . T o t a l e m p l o y m e n t of the i n d u s t r y a t the t i m e of s u r v e y w a s e s t i m a t e d to b e 9 1 , 5 7 6 , a d e c l i n e of a b o u t 18 p e r c e n t s i n c e May—J u n e I 9 6 0 w hen a s i m i l a r s u r v e y w a s c o n d u c te d . 3 M u c h of th is d e c l i n e r e s u l t e d f r o m the i n d u s t r y ' s i n c r e a s i n g p r a c t i c e of h a v in g i t s w e l l d r i l l i n g o p e r a t i o n s d on e b y o u t s i d e c o n t r a c t o r s w h ich w e r e e x c l u d e d f r o m the s u r v e y . 4 Only o n e - f if t h of the w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e of the s u r v e y w e r e in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s th a t c o n d u c t e d any w e l l - d r i l l i n g o p e r a t i o n s . T h e p r o p o r t i o n s w e r e s l i g h t l y m o r e than o n e - h a l f on the L o u i s i a n a G u l f C o a s t ; a p p r o x i m a t e l y o n e t h i r d in C a l i f o r n i a , W e s t e r n P e n n s y l v a n i a , the B o r d e r S t a t e s , and the G r e a t L a k e s ; o n e fo u r t h in the M i d d l e A t l a n t i c ; an d l e s s than o n e - te n th in the r e m a i n i n g r e g i o n s , S t a t e s , and a r e a s . T h ese esta b lish m e n ts g e n e ra lly did p a r t o f t h e i r own w e l l d r i l l i n g a n d h a d the r e m a i n d e r done on a c o n t r a c t b a s i s . A m o n g the r e g i o n s an d S t a t e s s t u d ie d s e p a r a t e ly , job a v e r a g e s w e re u s u a lly h ig h e st in C a l i f o r n i a and l o w e s t in the M i d d l e A t la n t i c or B o rd e r States. O c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s in T e x a s , w h ich a c c o u n t e d f o r o n e - t h i r d of the 51,707 p r o d u c t i o n an d r e l a t e d w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by the s u r v e y , w e r e u s u a l l y a t o r n e a r n a t i o n w id e l e v e l s . S l i g h t l y m o r e than s e v e n - t e n t h s of the in d u s t r y 's p rod u ctio n w o r k e r s w e re e m p loy ed in f o u r S t a t e s ; o n e - t h i r d in T e x a s , a l m o s t o n e - s i x t h e a c h in C a l i f o r n i a and L o u i s i a n a , and o n e - te n th in O k l a h o m a . T h ree-fou rth s of the e m p l o y m e n t in T e x a s w a s in the in la n d s e c t i o n of the S t a t e , w h e r e a s the L o u i s i a n a G u lf C o a s t a c c o u n t e d f o r s e v e n - e i g h t h s of the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in t h a t S t a t e . M o r e than n i n e - t e n t h s of the i n d u s t r y ' s p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s w e r e in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p rovid in g p aid h o lid a y s, u s u a lly 8 d a y s ann u a l l y ; an d p a i d v a c a t i o n s , t y p i c a l l y 2 w e e k s of p a y a f t e r 1 y e a r of s e r v i c e , 3 w e e k s a f t e r 5 y e a r s , 4 w e e k s a f t e r 10 y e a r s , an d 5 w e e k s a f t e r 20 y e a r s . V a r i o u s t y p e s of h e a l t h and i n s u r a n c e p l a n s , in c lu d in g p a i d s i c k l e a v e and re tire m e n t p en sio n s b e n e fits, w ere a ls o w ide s p r e a d in the i n d u s t r y . 1 See appendix A for scope and method of survey, and ap pendix B for occupational descriptions. Wage data in this bulletin exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 A crude petroleum or natural gas establishments, for pur poses of this study, was defined to cover all oil and gas field activities of an operating company in the wage area for which separate data are presented. 3 For an account of the earlier study, see Wage Structure: Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, May-June i9 6 0 , BLS Report 181 (1961). * It is estimated that establishments performing oil or gas field services (e. g. , well drilling or geophysical a nd geological exploration) employed approximately 112,000 workers during the survey period. In 1963, the most recent date for which inform a tion is available, slightly more than 85 percent of the 41, 600 new wells were drilled by contract drillers. Source: U. S. Department of Com merce, Bureau of the Census, 1963 Census of Mineral Industries. Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas, Industry Report MIC 63 (P) - 13B-1; and Oil and Gas Field Services MIC 63 (1) - 13D. Industry C h a r a c t e r is tic s T h is stu d y in c l u d e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e n g a g e d p r i m a r i l y in o p e r a t i n g o il a n d g a s f i e l d p r o p e r t i e s , w h i c h in clu d e s e x p lo ra tio n fo r c r u d e p e t r o l e u m an d n a t u r a l g a s ; d r i l l i n g , c o m p l e t i n g , an d e q u ip p in g w e l l s ; o p e r a t i o n of s e p a r a t o r s , e m u l s i o n b r e a k e r s , d esiltin g e q u ip m e n t , an d a l l o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s in c i d e n t to m a k i n g o il an d g a s m a r k e t a b l e up to the p o i n t of s h i p m e n t f r o m the p r o d u c i n g p r o p e r t y . 2 A l s o in c l u d e d in the stu d y w e r e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e n g a g e d in the p r o d u c t i o n of o il t h r o u g h the m in i n g an d e x t r a c t i o n of o il f r o m o il s h a l e and o il s a n d s . O v e r n i n e - t e n t h s of 1 2 In 1966, 3 b illio n b a r r e l s o f c r u d e oil w e r e p r o d u c e d in th is c o u n try f r o m m o r e than 583, 000 w e l l s . 5 T he follow in g ta b u la tio n r e f l e c t s the r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e of S t a t e s in the N a t i o n 's t o t a l c r u d e p e t r o l e u m p r o d u c tio n in 1966: State Percent of U. S. production T e x a s ------------------------------------L ou isiana--------------------------------C a lifo r n ia -------------------------------O k lah o m a-------------------------------W yom ing-----------------------------------New M e x ic o ----------------------------K a n sa s-------------------------------------------Illin o is-------------------------------------------M ississippi-------------------------------C o lo ra d o -----------------------------------Montana-----------------------Arkansas--------- -------------------- - - Kentucky-----------------------------------------M ich igan-----------------------------Other States----------------------------- - 34. 9 22. 3 11.4 7. 4 4 .4 4.1 3 .4 2 .0 1.8 1 ,2 1.1 .8 .6 .5 4 .1 The e x t r a c t i o n of c r u d e p e t r o l e u m and n a t u r a l g a s th ro ugh o f f - s h o r e o p e r a t i o n s i s l a r g e l y con fin ed to the T e x a s , L o u i s i a n a , and C a lifo rn ia c o a s t s . Although o f f - s h o r e o p e r a tio n s a c c o u n t f o r a r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l p r o p o r tion of the N a t i o n 's c r u d e p e t r o l e u m p r o d u c tion, the n u m b e r of o f f - s h o r e w e l l s d r i l l e d h a s i n c r e a s e d o v e r the p a s t s e v e r a l y e a r s , a s in la n d d r i l l i n g s d e c lin e d . The n u m b e r of o f f - s h o r e d r i l l i n g s n e a r l y d ou b led b etw een I9 6 0 and 1965, with v i r t u a l l y a l l of the in c r e a s e o c c u r r i n g in L o u i s i a n a . Of the 1 ,0 2 2 o f f - s h o r e w e l l s d r i l l e d in 1965, 85 p e r c e n t w e r e in the L o u i s i a n a G u lf C o a s t ; T e x a s and C a l i f o r n i a a c c o u n te d f o r v i r t u a l l y a l l of the r e m a i n d e r . 6 E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h av in g a t l e a s t p a r t of t h e i r o p e r a t i o n s off s h o r e e m p l o y e d 95 p e r c e n t of the w o r k e r s in the L o u i s i a n a G u lf C o a s t , c o m p a r e d with about o n e - h a l f in T e x a s G u lf C o a s t and C a l i f o r n i a . N e a r l y a l l p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in the in d u s t r y w e r e p a i d on a t i m e - r a t e b a s i s . Over f o u r - f i f t h s w e r e e m p lo y e d in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s which had f o r m a l w a g e p la n s p r o v i d in g f o r s in g le r a t e s f o r s p e c i f i e d o c c u p a t io n s ; m o s t of the r e m a in in g w o r k e r s w e r e in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in which p a y r a t e s w e r e d e t e r m i n e d p r i m a r i l y in r e l a t i o n to the q u a l i f i c a t i o n s of the in d iv id u a l e m p l o y e e . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h av in g c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n ing a g r e e m e n t s c o v e r in g a m a j o r i t y o l t h e i r p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d n e a r l y t h r e e eigh th s of the i n d u s t r y ' s w o rk f o r c e . A s the follow in g tab u la tio n i n d i c a t e s , the e xten t of u n io n iz a tio n v a r i e d w id e ly by g e o g r a p h i c a r e a : Region and State Percent of production workers in establishments having labormanagement contracts covering a majority of these workers— United States 35-39 Middle A t la n tic --------------------Western Pennsylvania--------Border S ta te s------------------------Great L a k e s-------------------------Midcontinent-----------------------O klahom a------------------------L ou isiana----------------------------Gulf C o a s t ----------------------Northern L o u isian a------------T e x a s --------------------------------Gulf C o a s t ----------------------In land----------------------------M ountain---------------------------C a lifo r n ia ------------------- 25-29 30-34 45-49 15-19 20-24 35-39 15-19 15-19 5 -9 40-44 45-49 40-44 35-39 60-64 M o s t of the c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g a g r e e m e n t s in the in d u s t r y w e r e with in d e p e n d e n t u n io n s. The O il, C h e m i c a l and A to m ic W o r k e r s In t e r n a t i o n a l Union, an A F L —CIO a f f i l i a t e , a l s o had a s u b s t a n t i a l n u m b e r of a g r e e m e n t s in the in d u s t r y . O c c u p a tio n a l E a r n i n g s The 10 o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d w e r e s e l e c t e d to r e p r e s e n t w a g e l e v e l s f o r the v a r i o u s t y p e s of a c t i v i t i e s p e r f o r m e d by e m p l o y e e s in the c r u d e p e t r o l e u m and n a t u r a l g a s p r o d u c t io n in d u s t r y (tab le 1). M a in t e n a n c e e l e c t r i c i a n s , h i g h e s t p a i d of t h e s e j o b s , a v e r a g e d $ 3 . 7 2 an h o u r in A u g u st 1967. A v e r a g e s of w e ll o v e r $ 3 an h o u r a l s o w e r e r e c o r d e d f o r m a i n t e n an ce m e c h a n i c s ( $ 3 . 6 2 ) , r o t a r y d r i l l e r s ( $ 3 . 5 2 ) , oil f i e ld w e l d e r s ( $ 3 . 5 1 ) , and g a s m en ($ 3 .4 6 ). P u m p e r s , who o p e r a t e the p o w e r u n its which d r i v e the p u m p s u s e d to lift oil f r o m w e l l s in which the n a t u r a l flow h a s d im in i s h e d o r c e a s e d , c o n stitu te d the l a r g e s t o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s tu d ie d and a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 9 7 an h o u r . R o u s t a b o u t s (oil fi e ld l a b o r e r s ) w e r e the s e c o n d l a r g e s t g r o u p s u r v e y e d and a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 8 6 — 6 c e n ts m o r e than r o t a r y f l o o r m e n ( d r i l l e r s ' h e l p e r s ) , who w e r e l o w e s t p a id . O c c u p a ti o n a l a v e r a g e s u s u a l l y w e r e h i g h e s t in C a l i f o r n i a , ra n g in g f r o m 4 to 30 p e r c e n t a b o v e n ation w id e a v e r a g e s . W a g e s l e v e l s in the T e x a s and L o u i s i a n a G u lf C o a s t s w e r e a l s o 5 Minerals Yearbook, 1966, Vol. I-II, Metals, Minerals, and Fuels, U .S . Bureau of Mines, 1967. 6 Latest information available, Petroleum Production, Drilling and Leasing on the Outer Continental Shelf, U. S. Department of the Interior (1966). 3 Average Hourly Earnings as Percent of Nationwide Averages by Region and State (Nationwide averages - 100) Area Derrickmen Middle A t la n t ic -------------Western Pennsylvania - Border S t a te s -----------------Great L a k e s-------------------Midcontinent ----------------Oklahoma ----------------Louisiana ---------------------Gulf C o a s t ----------------Northern L o u isia n a -----T e x a s --------------------------Gulf C o a s t -------- -------In la n d ---------------------M ountain----------------------California —,------------------ Drillers, rotary _ _ - - - 109 109 87 130 - 92 - 115 115 87 91 126 Elec tricians, m ainte- Floormen, nance rotary 70 70 - 98 96 96 101 101 99 102 99 108 104 u s u a l l y a b o v e n a t io n a l l e v e l s . E x c e p t f o r the M o u n ta in r e g i o n , j o b p a y a v e r a g e s f o r the rem ain in g g e o g ra p h ic a r e a s w ere g e n e ra lly b e lo w c o r r e s p o n d i n g n at io n w id e a v e r a g e s . O ccupational pay re latio n sh ip s a ls o v a rie d w ithin g e o g r a p h i c a r e a s . T o i l l u s t r a t e , m a i n te n a n c e m e c h a n i c s a v e r a g e d 1 3 p e r c e n t m o r e than r o u s t a b o u t s on the L o u i s i a n a G u l f C o a s t , w h e r e a s the c o r r e s p o n d i n g s p r e a d w a s 25 p e r c e n t in the T e x a s In lan d an d 30 p e r c e n t in the G re a t L a k e s region. (See tab u latio n ab o v e. ) A lth o u g h e a r n i n g s of i n d i v i d u a l s in the se le c te d occu p atio n s w ere som ew h at d is p e r s e d on a n at io n w id e b a s i s , t h e r e w e r e c l u s t e r i n g s o f in d i v i d u a l e a r n i n g s in the s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , S t a t e s , a n d a r e a s ( t a b l e s 2 to 6). For ex a m p l e , a m a j o r i t y of the p u m p e r s in C a l i f o r n i a , L o u i s i a n a , O k l a h o m a , T e x a s , an d the M o u n ta in r e g i o n h a d e a r n i n g s b e t w e e n $ 3 . 3 0 an d $ 3 . 5 0 an h o u r . E sta b lish m en t P r a c tic e s W age P r o v i s i o n s and Su pplem en tary D a t a a l s o w e r e o b t a in e d on w e e k l y w o r k s c h e d u l e s an d s e l e c t e d s u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s , in c l u d in g p a i d h o l i d a y s a n d v a c a t i o n s ; h e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s ; an d oth er se le c te d b e n e fits. S c h e d u l e d W e e k ly H o u r s an d S h ift P r o v i sio n s. W ork s c h e d u l e s of 40 h o u r s a w e e k w e r e in e f f e c t in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g s e v e n - e i g h t h s o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in A u g u s t 1967 ( t a b l e 7). T h i s w a s a l s o the p r e d o m in a n t s c h e d u l e in e a c h o f the s e l e c t e d Mechanics m ainte nance Gasmen _ _ - - - - - - - 101 101 - 123 99 94 105 105 102 99 101 98 101 105 75 75 71 95 94 94 101 102 98 100 103 99 99 105 Pumpers 80 82 86 85 92 94 111 114 99 103 105 103 108 112 Roust abouts 81 85 76 92 95 99 111 114 95 101 103 100 107 109 Truckdrivers 91 91 82 97 88 89 99 98 103 110 101 108 115 Welders, oil field 80 80 83 102 93 80 101 104 89 95 112 91 103 110 g eograph ic a r e a s . S c h e d u l e s of 48 h o u r s a w e e k o r m o r e , h o w e v e r , a p p l i e d to t w o - f i f t h s of the w o r k e r s in the G r e a t L a k e s r e g i o n , a b o u t o n e - f o u r t h in N o r t h e r n L o u i s i a n a , an d to a p p r o x i m a t e l y o n e - f i f t h in the M id c o n tin e n t. S e v e n - t e n t h s of the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s w e r e in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r l a t e - s h if t w ork , u s u a lly p ro v id in g d i f f e r e n t i a l s of 10 c e n t s a n h o u r f o r s e c o n d s h i ft w o r k and 2 0 c e n t s f o r t h i r d o r o t h e r l a t e s h i f t s ( ta b le 8). L e s s than 5 p e r c e n t of the w o r k e r s w e r e a c t u a l l y e m p l o y e d on l a t e s h i f t s a t the t i m e o f the s u r v e y . P a id H o lid ay s. P a id h o lid a y s, u su ally 8 d ay s a y e a r , w ere p rovid ed by e s t a b lis h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g n i n e - t e n t h s o f the i n d u s t r y !s w o r k f o r c e ( ta b le 9). A lth o u g h p r o v i s i o n s f o r 8 p a i d h o l i d a y s a n n u a l ly w e r e m o s t c o m m o n in e a c h o f the g e o g r a p h i c a r e a s , s u b s t a n t i a l p r o p o r t i o n s of the w o r k e r s w e r e p r o v i d e d 5, 6, o r 7 d a y s in the M i d d l e A t l a n t i c , B o r d e r S t a t e s , G r e a t L a k e s , an d M i d c o n t i n e n t r e g i o n s , a s w e l l a s in N o r t h e r n L o u i s i a n a an d T e x a s Inland . P a id V ac atio n s. P aid v acatio n s, a fte r q u a li f y i n g p e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e , w e r e p r o v i d e d by e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g n e a r l y a l l of the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ( t a b l e 10). T he m o s t com m on vacatio n p ay p r o v isio n s fo r p r o d u c tion w o r k e r s w e r e : 2 w e e k s of p a y a f t e r 1 y e a r of s e r v i c e ; 3 w e e k s a f t e r 5 y e a r s ; 4 w e e k s a f t e r 10 y e a r s ; a n d 5 w e e k s a f t e r 20 y e a r s . P r o v i s i o n s f o r 5 w e e k s of v a c a tion p a y w e r e l e s s p r e v a l e n t in the M i d d l e A t l a n t i c , B o r d e r S t a t e s , an d G r e a t L a k e s r e g i o n s , an d N o r t h e r n L o u i s i a n a than in the other g e o g ra p h ic a r e a s . 4 H ealth , In s u r a n c e , and R e tir e m e n t P l a n s . L i f e , h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , s u r g i c a l , an d m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e , f i n a n c e d a t l e a s t in p a r t b y the e m p l o y e r , w e r e a v a i l a b l e to m o r e th an n in e t e n th s o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ( t a b l e 11). F o u r - f i f t h s o f the w o r k e r s w e r e p r o v i d e d catastro p h e (m a jo r m ed ical) in su ran c e ; th reef o u r t h s , s i c k l e a v e ( u s u a l l y f u l l p a y w ith o u t a w a itin g p e rio d ); th re e - fifth s, a c c i d e n t a l d e a th an d d i s m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e ; an d on efifth , s i c k n e s s an d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e . The p ro p o rtio n s of w o r k e r s p ro v id e d sp e c ifie d h ealth and in s u r a n c e b e n e fits v a r ie d so m e w h at by g e o g r a p h i c a r e a . A c c i d e n t a l d e a t h and d ism e m b e rm e n t in su ra n c e , fo r e x am p le , w as p r o v i d e d to n e a r l y t w o - f i f t h s o f the w o r k e r s in the B o r d e r S t a t e s c o m p a r e d with a p p r o x i m a t e l y f o u r - f i f t h s in C a l i f o r n i a an d n o r t h e r n L o u isian a. P e n s i o n s —p r o v i d i n g ' r e g u l a r l i f e t i m e p a y m e n t s to the e m p l o y e e on r e t i r e m e n t , in a d d i tio n to F e d e r a l s o c i a l s e c u r i t y b e n e f i t s — a p p l i e d to n e a r l y f o u r - f i f t h s of the w o r k f o r c e . T he p r o p o r t i o n s r a n g e d f r o m t w o - f i f t h s in the G r e a t L a k e s to n e a r l y a l l on the L o u i s i a n a G u lf C o a s t . O ther S e le c te d B e n e f i t s . J u r y d uty an d fu n e ra l leav e pay w ere p ro v id ed by e s t a b lis h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g f o u r - f i f t h s of the w o r k e r s ( t a b l e 12). F o u r - f i f t h s of the w o r k e r s o r m o r e r e c e i v e d t h e s e b e n e f i t s in e a c h o f the g e o g r a p h i c a r e a s e x c e p t the G r e a t L a k e s an d M id c o n tin e n t. T h r i f t o r s a v i n g s p l a n s , to w h ich the e m p l o y e r m a k e s m o n e t a r y c o n t r ib u t i o n b e y o n d a d m i n i s t r a t i v e c o s t s , w e r e p r o v i d e d by e s ta b lish m e n ts accou nting fo r n e a r ly tw o -th ird s o f the i n d u s t r y ' s w o r k f o r c e . T he p r o p o r t i o n s v a r ie d w idely by g e o g r a p h ic a r e a — fr o m onee igh th in the M i d d l e A t l a n t i c to m o r e th an n i n e - t e n t h s on the L o u i s i a n a G u lf C o a s t . Table 1. Occupational Averages (N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u rly e a r n in g s 1 o f m e n in s e le c t e d p ro d u c tio n o c c u p a tio n s in c ru d e p e tr o le u m and n a tu r a l g a s p ro d u ctio n e s t a b li s h m e n t s , U n ited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , 2 and S t a t e s , A u g u s t 1967) M id d le A tla n tic U n ited S ta te s 3 O c c u p a tio n N um be r of w o rkers D e r r i c k m e n ______________________________ D r i l l e r s , r o t a r y _________________________ E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in te n a n c e ______________ F lo o r m e n , r o t a r y ________________________ G a s m e n ___________________________________ M e c h a n ic s , m a in t e n a n c e ________________ P u m p e r s -------------- ----------------------------R o u s t a b o u t s ____ _________________________ T r u e k d r iv e r s _____________________________ W e ld e r s , o il f i e l d ________________________ A verage h o u rly e a r n in g s N um ber of w o rk e rs $ 2 . 86 3. 52 3. 72 2. 80 3 .4 6 3. 62 2. 97 2. 86 2. 95 3. 51 10 18 286 261 11 10 256 324 337 529 971 2, 104 1 5 ,2 7 3 10, 247 1, 146 41 9 A verage h o u rly e a r n in g s - B o rd er S ta te s We s t e r n P e n n sy lv a n ia N um ber A verage h o u rly of w o rk ers e a r n in g s T o tal - - 10 18 190 201 11 10 $ 2. 61 2. 73 2. 37 2. 32 2. 68 2. 80 N um ber of w o rk ers A verage h o u rly e a r n in g s - - - $ 2 . 61 2. 73 2 .4 5 2 .4 4 2. 68 2. 80 - - 20 289 517 39 20 M id co n tin en t G reat L ak es $ 2. 58 2. 56 2. 16 2 .4 1 2. 90 T o ta l N um ber of w o rk ers A verage h o u rly e a r n in g s 32 15 29 827 491 81 16 $ 3. 25 3. 65 3 .4 3 2. 52 2. 64 2. 86 3. 58 N um ber of w ork ers O klahom a N um ber of w o rk e rs A verage h o u rly e a r n in g s _ $ 3 . 57 3. 41 3. 40 2. 72 2. 72 2. 60 3. 26 - 24 265 282 4, 334 2, 383 351 69 - A verage h o u rly e a rn in g s - 17 157 120 1, 928 1, 302 211 32 $ 3 . 56 3. 24 3 .4 0 2. 79 2. 82 2. 64 2. 82 L o u is ia n a T exas M ou n tain C a lifo r n ia N o rth e r n T o ta l G u lf C o a s t T e x a s In lan d L o u is ia n a N um ber A v erag e N um ber A v erag e N um ber A v erag e N um ber A v erag e N um ber A v erag e N um ber A v erag e N um ber A v erag e N um ber A v erag e h o u rly h o u rly h o u rly h o u rly of of h o u rly of of h o u rly of of h o u rly of of h o u rly w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s wo rk e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a r n in g s w o r k e r s e a rn in g s T o ta l D e r r i c k m e n _______ ____ __ __ __ ____ D r i l l e r s , r o t a r y _________ __ ___ ____ E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a i n t e n a n c e ______ =--------F lo o r m e n , r o t a r y _______ __ __ ________ G a s m e n -------------------- ---- ------------- — M e c h a n ic s , m a in te n a n c e ____ __ ____ P u m p e r s ________________________ ________ R o u s ta b o u ts _ ________ — — — ----------____ ____ T ru e k d r i v e r s __ ____ ___ W e l d e r s , o il f ie ld _ __ __ ____ __ ____ 74 79 44 182 128 329 2, 191 1, 729 45 87 G u lf C o a s t $ 3. 4. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 3. 13 04 77 84 61 67 30 18 92 55 74 79 44 182 114 278 1, 804 1 ,4 6 9 43 73 $3. 4. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 3. 13 04 77 84 62 69 38 26 90 64 - 14 51 387 260 14 - - $ 3. 52 3. 56 2. 94 2. 73 _ 3. 11 52 101 114 - 353 779 5, 276 3, 524 308 73 $ 2 . 48 3. 07 3. 70 - 3. 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. - - 28 $ 3. 80 - 43 62 06 90 05 35 91 156 1 ,0 7 2 963 70 14 - 3. 57 3. 72 3. 11 2 .9 6 3. 25 3 .9 3 78 86 - 262 623 4 , 204 2, 561 238 59 $ 3. 22 3. 67 3. 38 3. 59 3. 05 2. 87 2. 99 3. 21 26 18 133 1, 139 4 89 88 24 - $ 4 . 01 - 3 .4 9 3. 60 3. 20 3. 05 3. 18 3. 61 40 40 100 105 173 512 929 835 223 120 $ 3 . 71 4. 43 3. 86 3 .4 3 3. 61 3. 81 3. 32 3. 11 3. 39 3. 85 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r tim e an d fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , an d la te s h i f t s . 2 F o r d e fin itio n o f r e g io n s show n in th is o r su b se q u e n t t a b le s , s e e a p p e n d ix A t a b le , fo o tn o te 1. 3 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: D a s h e s in d ic a te no d a ta r e p o r te d o r d a ta th at do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a . 01 Table 2. Earnings Distribution: Gasmen 0) ( P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f g a s m e n in cru d e p e tro le u m and n a tu r a l g a s p r o d u c tio n e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t i m e h o u rly e a r n i n g s , 1 U nited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , and S t a t e s , A u g u st 1967) U nder $ 3. 20 $ 3. 30 $ 3. 40 $ 3 . 2 0 ............................................................. an d u n d er $ 3. 30 _ _ ___ — _ an d u n d er $ 3. 4 0 ______________________ an d u n d e r $ 3. 50 __ _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 3. 50 and u n d e r $ 3. 6 0 __ __ _____ $ 3 . 8 0 and u n d e r $ 3 . 7 0 -. __ _ $ 3. 70 an d u n d e r $ 3. 8 0 __________________ ____ $ 3. 80 an d u n d e r $ 3. 9 0 __________________ $ 3. 90 an d u n d e r $ 4 . 00 ___ __ _ _____ T o tal _ _ _ _ N um ber o f w o rk e rs _____ _ _ A v e r a g e h o u rly e a r n in g s 1 _______------------------- 1 2 3 4 9. 8 T o ta l 3 10. 6 O k lah o m a T o ta l G u lf C o a st 1 7 .8 6 .9 17. 8 1 3 .6 12. 5 1 4 .0 1 8 .5 2 3 .4 19. 3 57. 1 32. 0 9 .4 18. 8 1 .9 3. 5 14. 3 6 .0 43. 0 2 4 .2 1 0 .2 1 5 .3 17. 2 46. 9 7. 8 19. 3 48. 2 7 .9 3 5 .7 7. 1 100. 0 100. 0 971 $ 3 .4 6 265 $ 3 .4 1 _ - _ T o ta l G u lf C o ast - - - - - - _ _ 8. 8 2 2 .4 _ - - 4 .7 5. 3 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 157 $ 3 . 24 128 $ 3 . 61 114 $ 3 . 62 _ _ 38. 8 . 3 14. 2 T exas In lan d M ou n tain C a lifo r n ia 4 13. 3 9. 9 - B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y no t e q u a l 100. N o rth e rn L o u is ia n a - E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t im e an d fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h i f t s . I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . A ll w o r k e r s w e r e a t $ 1. 80 to $ 1. 90. W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s f o llo w s : 7 . 6 p e r c e n t a t $ 2 to $ 2 . 10 and 5 .7 p e r c e n t at $ 2 . 8 0 to $ 2 . 9 0 . NOTE: T exas L o u is ia n a M idco n tin en t U n ited S ta te s 2 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1 14. 3 57. 1 - 24. 2 - 11. 8 25. 2 3 2 .4 .4 1 0 .7 - - 7 7 .8 _ 22. 2 - _ _ 9 .8 6 5 .9 5. 8 3. 5 1 0 .4 4 .6 - - - 5. 7 4 .4 6. 1 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 14 $ 3 . 52 353 $ 3 .4 3 91 $ 3 . 57 262 $ 3 . 38 18 $ 3 .4 9 173 $ 3 . 61 Table 3. Earnings Distribution: Mechanics, Maintenance ( P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n of m a in te n an c e m e c h a n ic s in c ru d e p e tr o le u m and n a tu r a l g a s p r o d u c tio n e s ta b lis h m e n ts by a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t i m e h o u rly e a r n i n g s , 1 U n ited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , and S t a t e s , A u g u st 1967) M id continent M id d le A tla n tic U nited S ta te s2 A v e r a g e h o u rly e a r n in g s 1 W este rn P en n sy lv a n ia T o ta l U n d e r $ 2 . 50 ------------------------------------ 3. 0 - $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under u nder $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ .6 1. 6 .2 (4 ) . 1 16. 50. 11. 5. 11. $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 and and and and and u nder u nder under under under $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ .2 .9 .7 2. 2 12. 2 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 and and and and and under under u nder under u nder $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 $ 4 .0 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. 14. 25. 23. 3. B o rd er S ta te s 34 5 . 0 7 0 1 6 1 _ 15. 0 5. 0 _ _ 5. 6 _ _ _ 5. 6 _ - - 25. 0 _ _ 5. 0 5. 0 7 0 1 6 1 _ 16. 50. 11. 5. 11. _ _ G reat L akes T o ta l 3 .4 4. 6 _ L o u is ia n a O k la hom a 10. 8 _ T exas T o ta l G u lf C o a st - - - _ . _ _ 0. 6 _ _ _ _ N o rth e r n L o u is ia n a - 2. 5 _ _ - _ _ _ - " - - - - - _ _ _ _ 26. 6 _ _ _ 15. 7 11. 8 8 5 2 6 5 11. 2 5. 8 30. 2 4. 3 2 1 .9 21. 6 3. 9 43. 1 _ . _ _ _ _ 17. 2 27. 6 6. 7 _ 7. 1 37. 2 _ 16. 7 8. 3 _ _ _ 2. 4 24. 3 29. 1 5. 7 7. 1 _ - 37. 5 13. 3 13. 3 " 12. 5. 32. 3. 18. T o ta l 4. 6 G u lf C o a st T exas Inland - 5 .9 . _ 3. 9 _ .3 2. 8 _ _ _ _ _ - - _ . 1 1. 7 3. 0 _ _ 7. 7 _ .3 3. 5 _ _ _ 8. 19. 46. 14. 2. " _ M ountain C a li fo rn ia - - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ .2 2. 1 1. 8 _ 9. 8 _ 18. 8 _ _ 2. 7 3 9 8 7 6 5 .9 26. 2 49. 8 3. 4 .5 11. 3 43. 6 9. 0 1. 5 - 4 .9 3. 3 3 .5 8 4 .4 1. 2 7 5 6 3 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 1 .4 10. 3 _ _ - - " - $ 4 . 0 0 and u n d e r $ 4 . 1 0 -------------------- .5 - - - - .5 6. 0 T o t a l --------------------------------------- 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s -------------------------A v e r a g e h o u rly e a r n in g s 1 -------- -------- 2, 104 $ 3 . 62 18 $ 2 . 73 18 $ 2 . 73 20 $ 2 . 58 29 $ 3 .4 3 282 $ 3 .4 0 120 $ 3 . 40 329 $ 3 . 67 278 $ 3 . 69 51 $ 3 .5 6 779 $ 3 . 62 156 $ 3 . 72 623 $ 3 .5 9 133 $ 3 . 60 512 $ 3 . 81 1 2 3 4 - - - E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r tim e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h if t s . I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in ad d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . W o rk e rs w e re d is t r ib u t e d a s fo llo w s: 3 5 .0 p e r c e n t a t $ 2 to $ 2 . 1 0 , 5 . 0 p e r c e n t $ 2 . 3 0 to $ 2 . 4 0 , L e s s th an 0. 05 p e r c e n t. NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s of in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l 100. - - 6 .4 24. 9 49. 2 5. 6 .9 .4 - and 5 . 0 p e r c e n t a t $ 2 . 4 0 to $ 2 . 5 0 . - - Table 4. Earnings Distribution: 00 Pumpers ( P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f p u m p e rs in c ru d e p e tro le u m an d n a tu r a l g a s p r o d u c tio n e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t i m e h o u rly e a r n in g s , U nited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g i o n s , and S t a t e s , A u g u st 1967) M id co n tin en t M iddle A tlan tic A v e r a g e h o u rly e a r n in g s 1 U n ited S ta te s 2 T o ta l W e ste rn P en n sy lv a n ia B o rd e r S ta te s G reat L ak es $ 2 . 00 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2. 20 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 and an d and and an d under unde r under under unde r $ 2 . 1 0 __________________ $ 2 . 2 0 __________________ $ 2. 3 0 -----------------------$ 2 . 4 0 _________ _______ $ 2 . 5 0 __________________ 3 .4 2. 3 2 .6 3 .4 1. 3 3. 5 _ 21. 0 _ 10. 8 5. 3 16. 3 13. 1 3. 1 - $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 . 90 and and an d and and unde r unde r unde r unde r under $ 2 . 6 0 __________________ $ 2 . 7 0 __________________ $ 2 . 8 0 __________________ $ 2 . 9 0 __________________ $ 3. 0 0 __________________ 4. 4 .8 .9 2. 7 .7 35. 0 14. 0 41. 6 2 1 .0 2. 6 - 5 9 .5 - 1. 1. 1. 3. 1. $ $ $ $ $ 00 10 20 30 40 an d an d and an d an d u nder u nder under u nder under $ 3 . 1 0 __________________ $ 3. 2 0 __________________ $ 3. 3 0 __________________ $ 3. 4 0 __________________ $ 3. 5 0 __________________ 5 .4 2 .4 7. 0 23. 7 21. 5 15.9 2. 8 1. 4 3. 2. 13. 8. 9. $ 3. 50 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3. 80 $ 3 . 90 an d an d and and an d u nder u n d er u nder under u nder $ 3 . 6 0 __________________ $ 3 . 7 0 __________________ $ 3. 8 0 __________________ $ 3. 9 0 __________________ $ 4 . 0 0 __________________ .6 3. 2 1. 6 1. 2 $ 4 . 00 an d o v e r ___________________________ _ _ - - - 2. 5 .9 .7 6. 3 .6 . 1. 6. 1. . 8 3 8 3 7 _ .8 4. 7 1 .4 .9 4. 4 3 .9 17. 1 1. 0 - 2. 7 1. 0 1 .6 3. 6 .7 .4 1. 3 .9 4. 1 - .8 1. 8 .4 1. 2 1. 3 .4 1. 5 1. 4 .8 7. . 1. 3. 1. 7 9 5 0 3 13. 2 4. 4 7. 1 17. 8 1 1 .4 1. 2 7. 5 29. 7 2 1 .6 (3 ) .2 1. 7 21. 1 37. 1 .7 18. 2 4. 1 1. 2 0 3 8 9 5 1. 7 .3 .3 1 .4 .3 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 1. 2. 3. 2. 1. 1 6 2 3 1 4. 2 .5 3. 7 4. 3 1. 7 1 .6 1. 0 1. 2 1. 3 2. 9 6. 3. 1. 6. 2. 2. 8 5 .6 2. 4 3. 1 - 5 6 0 0 0 10. 3 8 .7 3. 1 3 .4 2. 2 6 3 0 5 6 6. 4. 6. . 8. G u lf C o a st T o ta l 0. 2. 1. 1. 1. 4. 8 1. 1 6 .4 1 2 .9 .4 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. T o ta l T exas N o rth e r n L o u is ia n a 0. 9 1 1 8 6 0 6 0 ______________________________ unde r $ 1 . 7 0 __________________ u n d er $ 1 . 8 0 __________________ unde r $ 1 . 9 0 __________________ u n d e r $ 2 . 0 0 __________________ G ulf C o ast 0. 1 .5 .2 .2 .9 2. 5. 3. 6. 2. $ 1. an d and and an d - T o ta l 8 1 2 4 0 U n d er $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1. 90 _ L o u is ia n a ' O k la hom a - _ - _ _ Texas In lan d 2 6 1 2 0 M ou nta in C a li fo r n ia 1. 7 .5 .8 1. 1 3. 4 2. 3 5. 7 . 1 2. 9 4. 9 - 3. . 2. 3. . 3 5 0 2 9 1. 6 - 1 1 6 1 3 6. 0 1. 9 .4 - 7. 4 . 1 1. 5 3. 8 1 .6 _ . 1. 6 1. 1 - - 1 .6 2. 8 4. 8 23. 3 30. 2 .6 .9 6. 3 23. 8 25. 4 8 2 4 1 4 1. 1 7. 2 58. 9 18. 8 _ - 8. 6 29. 1 43. 7 9. 5 17. 9 40, 9 .3 1. 0 9 .6 36. 2 19. 1 .8 22. 1 4. 9 1. 5 - _ .5 - 1. 4 . 1 2. 6 2. 5 - 1. 7 . 7 8. 2 5. 6 - - - 1. 1 1. 8 - . 1 1. 8 - 9. 1 - _ _ . 1 .7 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ .2 - - - - - “ - - .3 - .4 _ .3 - (3 ) _ _ _ _ _ _ ----------------------------- 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 N u m b e r s o f w o r k e r s ----------------------------A v e r a g e h o u rly e a r n in g s L---- -------------- 1 5 ,2 7 3 $ 2 . 97 286 $ 2 . 37 190 $ 2 .4 5 289 $ 2 .5 6 827 $ 2 . 52 4 , 334 $ 2 . 72 1 ,9 2 8 $ 2 .7 9 2, 191 $ 3 . 30 1 ,8 0 4 $ 3 . 38 387 $ 2 .9 4 5 ,2 7 6 $ 3 . 06 1 ,0 7 2 $ 3 . 11 4 , 204 $ 3 . 05 1, 139 $ 3 . 20 929 $ 3 . 32 T o tal -------- _ 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h i f t s . 2 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 L e s s th an 0. 05 p e r c e n t. NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s of in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l 100. _ _ 1. 3. 4. 23. 31. _ - 1. 4 _ _ Table 5. Earnings Distribution: Roustabouts ( P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f ro u s ta b o u ts in c ru d e p e tr o le u m and n a tu r a l g a s p r o d u c tio n e s ta b lis h m e n ts b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t i m e h o u rly e a r n i n g s , 1 U n ited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , and S t a t e s , A u g u st 1967) M id d le A tla n tic U nited S ta te s2 A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1 T o ta l $ 1 . 4 0 and u n d e r $ 1 . 5 0 -------------------- 1 .3 - $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 and and an d an d and under under under under under $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .8 0 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .0 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 .9 2. 1 1 .5 4 .9 2 .0 3. 8 4. 2 8 .4 1. 1 1 1 .5 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 . 10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 and and and and and under under under u nder u nder $ 2 . 10 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 .0 3 .4 1 .8 1. 6 . 1 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 an d and and and and under under under under u nder $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 .9 1 .2 1 .9 1. 2 1 .8 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 3 3 3 3 3 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 0 0 0 0 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ 3 . 5 0 and o v e r -------------------------------T o t a l ................................ . . . N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ---------------------------A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s 1------------------- 1 2 4. 1 1 0 .0 3 3 .4 12. 5 5 .0 W este rn P en n sy lv a n ia M id co n tin en t B o rd er S ta te s G reat Lakes T o ta l O k la hom a L o u is ia n a T o tal - G u lf C o a st T exas N o rth e r n L o u is ia n a T o tal 10. 6 - 2. 6 4. 8 - - - - 0 0 5 9 13. 0 9. 9 .4 .8 - _ _ 6. 1 13. 6 3. 1 2. 3 4 2 1. 3 9 .0 2. 9 2. 8 _ .8 1 1 .8 2. 2 1. 7 _ _ .8 .8 _ _ _ - 11. 5 _ _ 5 .4 5. 4 0 .9 1. 6 1. 2 5. 6 2 .3 4. 2 _ 5. 7 1. 1 4. 6 5. 5 _ _ _ 6. 0 5 .4 .8 1 0 .4 1 .7 .2 10. 2 1. 2 7. 3 1 .4 - 8. 1 .8 2. 1 . 1 - _ 3. 8 _ - .8 .8 1 .4 4. 2 - 1 .0 1. 0 1. 6 1. 6 - 31. 0 20. 7 . 3. 1 .4 36. 8 26. 9 _ 4. 0 .5 3 5 .4 1. 9 8. 1 .6 - 3. 3 3. 1 _ .8 1. 6 1. 7 1. 0 _ 2. 3 2. 6 3. 1 _ _ _ 4. 1 _ _ _ _ 1. 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .8 - 8. 8 1 .2 26. 9 1 0 .8 .6 4. 8 7 .5 3 6 .4 8. 0 2. 3 8. 1 4 4 .8 1 3 .5 - _ _ _ _ - _ 3. 1. 1. 14. _ _ _ _ " 5. . 37. 19. 25. _ ! G u lf C o a st 3. 6 1. 5 _ 3. 7 3 .4 8. 6 . 1. 1 .9 - 10. 0 4. 4 .8 - _ _ 10. 0 .2 .7 3. 6 .3 1 .3 7 1 1 9 1 6 .5 _ 40. 9 17. 8 2 9 .5 1. 2 .8 15. 8 31. 5 - 2 .3 5. 6 40. 8 19. 0 - _ 1 8 .5 _ _ _ - T exas Inlan d M ounta in - - - 1 .2 .9 1. 2 7. 7 1 .8 5. 3 _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ - - .9 10. 2 .2 2. 6 _ 15. 5 - .9 4 .4 .4 1 .8 4 .9 4. 5 - 3. 1 37. 2 3 2 .4 - 3. 2 6 .6 42. 2 1 4 .0 - 2. 9 5 9 .3 2 .9 3. 7 _ 1 .5 _ C a li fo rn ia _ _ _ _ 2 .9 5 .6 10. 3 74. 6 6. 6 _ - .5 1. 9 _ 1. 0 _ 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 ,2 4 7 $ 2 . 86 261 $ 2 . 32 201 $ 2 .4 4 517 $ 2 . 16 491 $ 2 . 64 2 ,3 8 3 $ 2 . 72 1 ,3 0 2 $ 2 . 82 1 ,7 2 9 $ 3 . 18 1 ,4 6 9 $ 3 . 26 260 $ 2 . 73 3 ,5 2 4 $ 2 . 90 963 $ 2 . 96 2 ,5 6 1 $ 2 . 87 489 $ 3 .0 5 835 $ 3 . 11 .2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h i f t s . In c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . N O T E : . B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y no t e q u a l 100. (0 Table 6. Earnings Distribution: O Truckdrivers ( P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f tr u c k d r i v e r s in cru d e p e tro le u m and n a tu r a l g a s p r o d u c tio n e s t a b lis h m e n t s b y a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t i m e h o u rly e a r n in g s , U n ited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g i o n s , and S t a t e s , A u g u st 1967) M id co n tin en t M id d le A tla n tic U n ited S ta te s 2 A v e r a g e h o u rly e a r n in g s 1 $ 1. 50 and u n d e r $ 1. 60 $ 1. 60 and u n d er $ 1. 7 0 _________________________ $ 1. 80 and u n d e r $ 1. 90 _ $ 1. 90 and u n d er $ 2 . 0 0 _________________________ $2. $2. $2. $2. $ 2. 1. 1. 2. 1. 8. 0 0 8 7 6 T o ta l W e ste rn P en n sy lv a n ia _ _ . _ . - - _ - _ - - - - _ 90. 9 . 9 0 .9 9. 1 - _ 10. 3 _ 25. 6 15. 4 00 10 20 30 40 an d an d and an d and under under under under under $ 2 . 1 0 _________________________ $ 2 . 2 0 ____________________ $ 2 . 3 0 --------------------------------$ 2 . 4 0 _________________________ $ 2 . 5 0 _________________________ 3. 9 4. 1 1. 0 2. 8 .9 $ 2. 50 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2. 70 $ 2 . 80 $ 2 .9 0 and and an d an d and under under u nder under u nder $ 2 . 6 0 _________________________ $ 2 . 7 0 _________________________ $ 2. 8 0 ---------------- -------------$ 2 . 9 0 _________________________ $ 3. 0 0 _________________________ . 1. . 1. 1. 3 7 5 0 0 $ $ $ $ $ 00 10 20 30 40 and an d and an d and tin d er tin d er under u nder u nder $ $ $ $ $ 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 1. 4. 13. 18. 22. 4 2 8 8 6 _ _ _ - _ - • - $ 3. 50 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3. 70 $ 3. 80 and and and and tin d er under under tin d er $ $ $ $ 3. 6 0 --------------------------------3 . 7 0 --------------------------------3. 8 0 --------------------------------3. 9 0 ------- ----------------------- 5. 6 .2 1. 0 _ - . - 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 1 0 __________ ____________ 2 0 _________________________ 3 0 --------------------------------4 0 _________________________ 50 _ __________________ B o rd er S ta te s - 9. 1 - 28. 2 _ _ 1 5 .4 - 5. 1 _ - G reat L akes T o tal Texas L o u is ia n a O k la hom a T o ta l G ulf C o a st _ 7. 4 4. 9 3. 1 _ 9. 1 5. 2 _ 4. 7 19. 1 22. 3 _ 31. 1 - 3. 7 2. 5 3. 7 16. 0 “ 12. 0 3. 4 4. 0 " 10. 4 5. 7 _ - _ - _ _ _ - - - 3. 7 - _ _ _ _ - - 1. 7 - _ 10. 8 10. 8 8. 0 17. 9 _ - 16. 0 18. 5 23. 5 _ - _ - _ 32. 6 - - - 2. 8 - - _ 14. 2 13. 3 2 1. 3 _ 31. 1 37. 8 _ 27. 9 39. 5 _ - _ - _ - T o ta l 0. 3 _ _ 9. 1 _ 8. 8 2. 6 .3 _ 1. 9 - G ulf C o ast _ _ _ _ 10. 0 _ - _ Texas In lan d 0. 4 _ _ _ 11. 8 M o u n tain C a lifo r n ia _ _ . _ _ _ - _ 8. 4 3. 4 .4 - _ 4. 5 11. 4 _ 2. 5 _ _ - - 6. 8 - - _ _ _ - - - _ 2. 6 2 9 .2 18. 2 25. 6 _ 5. 7 7. 1 22. 9 51. 4 _ 1. 7 35. 7 16. 8 18. 1 4. 5 2. 3 8. 0 45. 5 5 .7 4. 5 4. 5 28. 3 34. 1 _ .6 .6 _ 2. 9 _ .8 - 1 1 .4 28. 7- — — 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s --------------------------------------A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s 1______________________ 1, 146 $ 2 . 95 11 $ 2 . 68 11 $ 2 . 68 39 $ 2 . 41 81 $ 2 . 86 351 $ 2 . 60 211 $ 2 .6 4 45 $ 2 .9 2 43 $ 2 . 90 308 $ 3 . 05 70 $ 3 . 25 238 $ 2 . 99 88 $ 3 . 18 223 $ 3 . 39 T o t a l ----------- ------- ----------------- 1 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h i f t s . 2 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l 100. Table 7. Scheduled Weekly Hours ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o rk e rs in c ru d e p e tr o le u m and n a tu r a l g a s p r o d u c tio n e s ta b lis h m e n ts b y sc h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s , 1 U n ited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , and S t a t e s , A u g u st 1967) M id co n tin en t M id d le A tla n tic U nited S ta te s2 W eekly h o u rs A ll w o r k e r s ----------------------------U n d e r 40 -----------------------------------------40 --------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ 44 O v e r 44 and u n d e r 48 ---------------------48 ................ ......................... ........ ......................... O v e r 48 1 2 3 100 (3 ) 87 3 1 7 2 T o ta l 100 W este rn P en n sy lv a n ia 100 90 96 _ - 10 " 4 - B o rd er S ta te s G reat Lakes 100 100 92 7 _ 1 - 3 53 4 . _ 22 18 T o ta l O k la hom a T o ta l G u lf C o a st 100 100 100 100 79 2 1 15 3 80 5 2 10 3 B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not e q u a l 100. N o rth e r n L o u is ia n a 100 95 98 77 _ _ _ _ _ 2 3 1 2 14 9 D a ta r e l a t e to th e p r e d o m in a n t w ork sc h e d u le fo r fu ll- tim e d a y - s h if t p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in e a c h e s ta b lis h m e n t. I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in ad d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s th an 0. 5 p e r c e n t. NOTE: Texas L o u is ia n a T o tal G u lf C o a st Texas In lan d 100 100 100 (3 ) 87 5 2 5 1 91 5 _ 3 1 (3 ) 86 5 2 6 (3 ) M ounta in C a li fo rn ia 100 100 92 100 - - _ 5 3 _ _ - Table 8. Shift Differential Provisions ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s b y sh ift d iffe r e n tia l p r o v i s i o n s 1 in cru d e p e tr o le u m and n a tu r a l g a s p r o d u c tio n e s t a b lis h m e n t s , U nited S ta te s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , and S t a t e s , A u g u st 1967) M id co n tin en t M iddle A tla n tic S h ift d if f e r e n t ia l A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------------ U n ited S ta te s2 T o ta l W este rn Pen n sy lv a n ia B o rd e r S ta te s G reat Lakes T o ta l O k la hom a Texas L o u is ia n a T o ta l G u lf C o ast N o rth e r n L o u is ia n a T o ta l G u lf C o a st Texas Inland ta in C a li fo r n ia 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 70. 9 65. 0 6 4 .4 .6 .8 4. 7 56. 8 1 .4 . 1 . 1 .6 5 .9 52. 7 16. 1 16. 1 13. 7 2. 4 _ 36. 6 67. 0 20. 5 20. 5 17. 5 3. 0 _ 46. 5 44. 3 29. 8 27. 1 1 5 .6 1.3 10. 1 2. 7 2. 7 1 4 .5 40. 6 31. 6 2 8 .4 _ _ 2 8 .4 3. 2 9. 1 52. 6 46. 7 46. 7 _ 2. 1 44. 7 5. 8 5 9. 2 5 7. 1 57. 1 _ 4. 2 53. 0 2. 0 81. 8 79. 8 79. 8 _ _ 70. 2 9 .5 2. 0 89. 4 87. 7 87. 7 _ 76. 7 11. 0 1. 7 32. 3 28. 4 28. 4 _ _ 2 8 .4 3. 8 73. 0 67. 6 67. 6 1. 8 _ 65. 8 5 .4 73. 7 70. 6 70. 6 _ 70. 6 3. 0 72. 8 66. 6 66. 6 2 .4 64. 2 6. 2 86. 9 82. 4 82. 4 15. 4 67. 0 4. 5 93. 6 89. 6 86. 8 22. 2 64. 6 2. 8 4. 1 70. 1 64. 7 64. 1 .6 .6 .3 .6 l! 5 4. 0 56 . 4 . 1 . 1 .6 5. 3 36. 6 - 46. 5 _ - 38. 1 29. 8 27. 1 - 3 4 .4 31. 6 2 8 .4 - 51. 5 46. 7 46. 7 2. 1 " 57. 1 57. 1 57. 1 4. 2 88. 1 79. 8 79. 8 - 32. 3 2 8 .4 28. 4 " 72. 7 67. 6 67. 6 1. 8 - 73. 7 70. 6 70. 6 - 7 2 .4 66. 6 66. 6 2 .4 - " 96. 7 87. 7 87. 7 " 86. 9 82. 4 82. 4 - 89. 6 89. 6 86. 8 1 .4 2. 0 _ 3 6 .6 _ 46. 5 _ 44. 7 4. 8 _ 53. 0 “ 9. 5 70. 2 8. 3 11. 0 76. 7 9. 0 _ 2 8 .4 3. 8 _ 6 5 .8 5. 1 _ 70. 6 3. 0 64. 2 5. 8 _ 15. 4 67. 0 4. 5 _ 20. 8 62. 6 2. 8 “ S eco n d sh ift W o rk e rs in e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g s e c o n d - s h if t p r o v i s i o n s -------------------With s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l -------------------U n ifo r m c e n ts p e r h o u r ------------5 c e n t s --------------------------------6 c e n t s --------------------------------8 c e n t s --------------------------------10 c e n ts ------------------------------15 c e n ts ------------------------------U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e ------------------6 p e r c e n t -----------------------------O th e r sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l -------------With no s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l --------------T h ir d o r o th e r la te sh ift W o rk e rs in e s t a b li s h m e n t s h a v in g th ir d - o r o th e r l a t e - s h if t p r o v i s io n s --------------------------------------With s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l -------------------U n ifo r m c e n ts p e r h o u r ------------6 c e n t s --------------------------------8 c e n t s ------------------------ r-------10 c e n ts ------------------------------15 c e n ts ------------------------------16 c e n ts ------------------------------20 c e n ts ------------------------------U n ifo r m p e r c e n t a g e -----------------7 p e r c e n t -----------------------------O th e r s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l -------------With no sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l --------------1 2 - 1. 2 15 6 3*. 6 6. 6 2. 7 2. 7 8 .4 - " ■ _ 28. 4 3. 2 2. 9 - R e f e r s to p o l ic i e s o f e s t a b li s h m e n t s e ith e r c u r r e n tly o p e r a tio n late s h if ts o r h av in g p r o v i s io n s c o v e rin g la te s h i f t s . In c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u al t o t a l s . Tabic 9. Paid Holidays ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in cru d e p e tr o le u m and n a tu r a l g a s p r o d u c tio n e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l p r o v i s io n s fo r p a id h o lid a y s , U n ited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , and S t a t e s , A u g u st 1967) M iddle A tla n tic N u m b e r o f p a id h o lid a y s A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------- U n ited S ta te s1 100 W o rk e rs in e s t a b li s h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id h o l i d a y s ---------------U n d e r 5 d a y s -----------------------------5 d a y s ---------------------------------------6 d a y s ---------------------------------------6 d a y s p lu s 1 h a lf d a y --------------7 d a y s ---------------------------------------8 d a y s ---------------------------------------9 d a y s ---------------------------------------10 d a y s and o v e r ------------------------ 91 3 2 11 (2 ) 4 69 1 (2 ) W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id h o l i d a y s ------------ 9 1 2 T o ta l W este rn P en n sy lv a n ia M id co n tin en t B o rd er S ta te s 100 100 100 100 21 5 27 42 5 100 17 7 23 47 6 100 - G reat L akes 100 - 22 5 53 19 " I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s th an 0. 5 p e r c e n t. NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a l s . 84 4 6. 30 L o u is ia n a T exas T o ta l O k la hom a T o ta l G u lf C o ast 100 100 100 100 100 85 7 24 83 9 91 - 81 3 23 21 4 30 - 91 4 3 7 8 69 (2 ) (2 ) 91 3 3 _ 6 80 (2 ) 91 4 4 9 8 66 (2 ) " 19 9 9 9 - - - 4 38 2 - 3 52 - 1 60 - 89 (2 ) 3 3 1 80 2 " 16 15 17 11 - 13 - _ 1 88 2 9 N o rth e r n L o u is ia n a T o ta l G u lf C o ast T exas Inland 100 100 100 M ounta in C a li fo rn ia 100 100 91 _ 2 89 - 100 _ 6 1 93 _ - - - 9 Table 10. Paid Vacations * ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in cru d e p e tro le u m and n a tu r a l g a s p r o d u c tio n e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l p r o v is io n s fo r p a id v a c a t io n s a f t e r s e le c t e d p e r io d s of s e r v i c e , U n ited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g i o n s , and S t a t e s , A u g u st 1967) M id c ontine nt M id d le A tlan tic U n ited S ta te s1 V a c a tio n p o lic y A ll w o r k e r s _______________________ T o ta l W e ste rn P en n s y lv a n ia B o rd e r S ta te s G reat L akes Texas L o u is ia n a T o tal O k la hom a T o ta l G u lf C o a st N o rth e r n L o u is ia n a T o ta l G u lf C o a st Texas In lan d M ounta in C a li fo r n ia 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 97 100 100 100 100 100 100 85 85 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 93 93 99 99 99 99 98 98 97 97 100 100 3 - " - 15 3 3 2 2 7 1 1 2 3 - 14 1 82 1 ( 3) 82 18 - 78 22 - 55 14 31 - 31 4 50 - 23 _ 70 5 - 22 _ 74 - 3 93 2 2 _ 96 - 14 _ 68 12 7 _ 91 - 3 _ 96 - 9 89 - 11 87 - 4 _ 96 - 3 93 1 ( 3) 26 74 - 12 88 - 100 - 12 73 - 6 86 5 - 6 90 - 2 94 2 2 96 - 81 12 2 97 - 99 - 2 96 - 97 - 100 - 2 31 1 63 16 84 _ 11 89 - 6 42 5 44 6 30 60 7 91 3 95 29 64 2 26 71 2 27 - - - 6 40 39 23 - 80 20 76 69 22 75 31 69 2 18 1 14 62 16 57 27 - 11 55 34 - 34 46 20 6 35 8 36 6 32 5 10 44 6 27 4 60 6 6 86 3 ( 3) 95 - 23 41 28 2 18 10 69 11 _ 12 76 2 20 10 66 2 _ 20 75 6 _ 27 67 2 14 15 1 62 2 16 29 55 - 11 25 64 - 22 42 16 21 - 6 28 12 6 22 15 6 25 2 4 7 1 2 23 41 2 17 9 2 19 8 - - - - - - - 24 15 46 7 64 - 86 - 95 - 28 - 71 - 11 12 _ 76 - 69 - 2 20 75 - _ 6 27 67 - 2 14 7 10 63 16 29 29 27 - 11 25 30 34 - 22 12 45 21 6 28 10 2 39 6 22 9 8 52 6 25 2 4 60 4 6 1 86 1 2 ( 3) 95 23 35 6 28 2 16 3 10 67 11 4 14 71 2 18 3 9 66 2 20 ( 3) 75 6 5 22 67 2 14 6 11 63 16 29 29 11 16 11 25 30 14 20 22 8 50 21 6 28 10 2 39 6 22 9 8 52 6 25 2 4 60 4 6 1 86 1 2 ( 3) 95 23 35 6 28 2 16 3 10 68 11 4 14 71 2 18 3 9 67 2 5 16 75 6 5 22 67 M e th o d o f p a y m e n t W o r k e r s in e s t a b li s h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a id v a c a t i o n s _______________ ________ ___ L e n g t h - o f - t i m e ____ _ W o r k e r s in e s t a b li s h m e n t s p r o v id in g no p a id v a c a t i o n __ ________ A m o u n t o f v a c a t io n p a y 2 A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e : 1 w e e k _ __ _ _ ___ ____ ____ O v e r 1 an d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ___________ 2 w e e k s ------------ ----------------- ------O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s --------------3 w e e k s _______________________________ A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 1 w e e k __ _____ ______ _________ 2 w eeks , O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ___________ 3 w e e k s __ ___ _____ ___ ____ __ A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 1 w e e k ---- __ ------- __ ------------ — 2 w e e k s ________________________________ O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ___________ 3 w e e k s __ ___________ _________________ A fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 1 w e e k --- ---- __ ---------- -------------2 w eeks . .... . ....____ . __ _____ O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s -----------3 w e e k s _______ — — — 4 w e e k s __ — — — — - ----- ---A fte r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 1 w e e k ________________________________ 2 w eeks , . _...._r__________ 3 w e e k s ____ — — _ _ — O v e r 3 and u n d er 4 w e e k s --------------4 w e e k s __ — — ----- — 5 w e e k s ___________________—-------------A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 1 w6c k , _______ i-___________ ______ ■ 2 w e e k s _____ — - - ------------ -----3 w e e k s _______________________________ 4 w e e k s _L , , , 5 w e e k s __ — — - — ------ A fte r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 1 w e e k ________________________________ 2 w e e k s _______________________________ 3 w eeks — — — - 4 w e e k s _______________________________ 5 w e e k s ------ --------- --------------- —— ---- 1 I n c lu d e s d a ta fo r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 2 P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e re a r b i t r a r i l y c h o se n an d do not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f le c t the in d iv id u a l p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s i o n . m a y in c lu d e c h a n g e s in p r o v i s io n s o c c u r r in g b etw e en 2 an d 5 y e a r s . 3 L e s s th an 0. 5 p e r c e n t. NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l to t a ls . F o r e x a m p le , - the c h a n g e s in p r o p o r tio n s in d ic a te d a t 5 y e a r s Table 11. Health, Insurance, and Retirement Flans ( P e r c e n t o f p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s in cru d e p e tr o le u m and n a tu r a l g a s p r o d u c tio n e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith s p e c if ie d h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and r e t ir e m e n t p la n s U nited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , and S t a t e s , A u g u st 1967) M id co n tin en t M id d le A tla n tic U nited S ta te s 2 T y p e o f p la n 1 A ll w o r k e r s -----------------------------W o rk e rs in e s t a b li s h m e n t s p r o v id in g : L if e i n s u r a n c e --------------------------- -— E m p lo y e r f i n a n c e d --------------------J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ------------------------A c c id e n t a l d e a th and d is m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e ---------E m p lo y e r f i n a n c e d --------------------J o i n t l y fin a n c e d -------------------------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k le a v e o r both 3 ---------------------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e — E m p lo y e r f i n a n c e d ---------------J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d --------------------S ic k le a v e (fu ll p a y , no w a itin g p e r i o d ) -----------------------S ic k le a v e ( p a r t ia l p a y o r w a itin g p e r i o d ) -----------------------H o s p ita liz a tio n i n s u r a n c e -------------E m p lo y e r f i n a n c e d --------------------J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ------------------------S u r g i c a l in s u r a n c e ------------------------E m p lo y e r f i n a n c e d --------------------J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ------------------------M e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e ------------------------E m p lo y e r f i n a n c e d -------------------J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ------------------------C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e -----------------E m p lo y e r f i n a n c e d --------------------J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d -----------------------R e t ir e m e n t p la n s : P e n s io n p l a n s --------------------------E m p lo y e r f i n a n c e d ---------------J o in t ly f i n a n c e d --------------------L u m p - s u m p a y m e n t s ----------------N o p l a n s ---------------------------------------- B o rd er S ta te s G reat L akes L o u is ia n a Texas M ounta in C a li fo r n ia 100 100 100 90 20 70 96 34 62 100 27 73 99 49 50 61 15 46 68 12 56 59 16 43 56 16 40 78 38 40 66 32 20 12 84 10 6 3 89 2 1 1 83 12 8 4 98 26 23 3 93 6 54 65 66 77 62 72 81 44 98 15 83 97 15 83 98 15 83 93 15 78 1 97 34 63 97 34 63 90 34 56 90 34 56 13 97 25 72 97 25 72 95 25 70 83 22 61 10 97 20 77 97 20 77 96 20 76 86 18 68 14 97 27 70 97 27 70 95 27 68 82 23 59 20 100 23 77 100 23 77 100 23 77 53 5 49 12 96 33 63 96 33 63 96 33 63 88 28 60 58 9 48 3 84 30 54 2 1 92 31 61 2 1 82 30 52 1 2 91 15 75 87 21 66 - - T o ta l W e ste rn P en n s y lv a n ia 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 93 28 65 87 35 52 93 33 60 91 19 72 82 26 57 83 18 65 84 17 67 98 17 80 98 15 83 61 18 43 47 23 24 59 29 30 38 1 37 67 14 53 62 14 48 63 16 47 47 15 32 84 22 12 10 86 67 65 2 83 68 65 2 98 63 45 18 68 45 29 16 64 18 10 8 66 1 1 - 94 46 12 34 60 28 16 63 32 48 65 13 94 21 73 94 21 73 92 21 71 80 17 63 14 93 36 57 93 36 57 76 20 57 55 3 51 18 100 35 65 100 35 65 79 14 65 69 4 65 - 3 85 21 64 85 21 64 82 18 64 76 18 59 88 10 79 86 10 77 86 10 77 80 8 71 90 12 79 86 12 75 86 12 75 73 9 64 78 25 54 2 3 72 17 55 14 " 74 10 64 17 ' 43 11 33 58 16 42 6 6 65 28 37 2 5 84 5 79 84 5 79 64 5 60 43 1 42 88 17 72 4 - 14 T o tal O k la hom a G u lf C o a st N o rth e r n L o u is ia n a G ulf C o a st Texas Inlan d 100 100 97 34 63 94 30 64 42 12 30 83 36 47 98 48 11 37 55 38 98 17 80 98 17 80 97 17 79 93 17 75 91 42 49 1 2 96 47 49 1 2 T o ta l T o ta l _ 6 “ 1 I n c lu d e s o nly th o se p la n s fo r w hich a t l e a s t p a r t of th e c o s t i s b o rn e by the e m p lo y e r and e x c lu d e s le g a lly r e q u ir e d p la n s su c h a s w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a tio n and s o c i a l se c u r ity ; h o w e v e r, p la n s r e q u ir e d by S ta te te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in su r a n c e la w s a r e in clu d ed if the e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u te s m o r e th an i s r e q u ir e d o r the em p lo y e e r e c e iv e s b e n e fits in e x c e s s of the le g a l r e q u ir e m e n t s . 2 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 3 U n d u p lic a te d to ta l o f w o r k e r s re c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s i c k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e show n s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a l s . Table 12. Other Selected Benefits 0) (P e r c e n t of p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in cru d e p e tro le u m an d n a tu r a l g a s p r o d u c tio n e s ta b lis h m e n ts h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v i s io n s fo r ju r y - d u t y p a y , f u n e r a l le a v e p a y , and th r ift o r s a v in g s p l a n s , U nited S t a t e s , s e le c t e d r e g io n s , and S t a t e s , A u g u s t 1967) M id d le A tla n tic T y p e o f b e n e fit W o rk e rs in e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith p r o v i s io n s fo r : J u r y - d u t y p a y ---------------------------F u n e r a l le a v e p a y ---------------------T h r ift o r s a v in g s p la n s 2 ------------ U n ited S ta te s 1 80 80 64 T o ta l 100 99 13 W e ste rn P en n s y lv a n ia 100 99 17 M id co n tin en t B o rd e r S ta te s G reat L ak es 97 97 28 56 62 29 T o ta l O k la hom a 53 55 53 72 76 64 1 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r r e g io n s in a d d itio n to th o se show n s e p a r a t e ly . 2 In c lu d e s o n ly p la n s in w h ich th e e m p lo y e r m a k e s m o n e ta ry co n trib u tio n s bey o n d a d m in is tr a tiv e c o s t s . L o u is ia n a T exas T o tal G ulf C o a st N o rth e r n L o u is ia n a 98 96 87 98 96 95 96 96 34 . T o ta l 83 81 69 G u lf C o a st Texas Inland 88 82 71 82 81 68 ^doun ta in C a li fo r n ia 91 86 73 90 90 69 Appendix A. Scope and Method o f Survey S c o p e of S u r v e y T he s u r v e y i n c l u d e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e n g a g e d p r i m a r i l y in o p e r a t i n g o i l a n d g a s f i e l d p r o p e r t i e s ( i n d u s t r y 1311 a s d e f in e d in the 1957 e d it i o n a n d 1963 S u p p l e m e n t to the S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l , p r e p a r e d b y the U. S. B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t ) . E sta b lish m e n t s e n g a g e d p r i m a r i l y in p e r f o r m i n g o i l f i e l d s e r v i c e s f o r o p e r a t o r s on a c o n t r a c t , f e e , o r o th e r b a s i s ( S I C 138) a n d s e p a r a t e a u x i l i a r y u n i ts s u c h a s c e n t r a l o f f i c e s a n d r e s e a r c h l a b o r a t o r i e s w e r e e x c l u d e d f r o m the s tu d y . T he e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d w e r e s e l e c t e d f r o m t h o s e e m p l o y i n g e i g h t w o r k e r s o r m o r e a t the t i m e of r e f e r e n c e o f the d a t a u s e d in c o m p i l i n g the u n i v e r s e l i s t s . T he n u m b e r of e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s a c t u a l l y s t u d i e d b y the B u r e a u , a s w e l l a s the n u m b e r s e s t i m a t e d to b e in the i n d u s t r y d u r in g the p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d i e d , a r e sh ow n in the fo l l o w i n g t a b l e . Estimated Number o f Establishments and Employees Within Scope of Survey and Number Studied, Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, August 1967 Number of establishments^ Region * and state Within scope of study Workers in establishments Within scope o f study otuaiea T o tal3 Production workers Studied Total United States4------------------------- 1,584 293 91,576 51,707 55,363 Middle A tlan tic----------------------Western Pennsylvania-----------Border S t a t e s -------------------------Great L a k e s --------------------------M idcontinent------------------------O klah om a-------------------------Louisiana--------------------------•----Gulf C o a st----------------- 1-------Northern Louisiana— -----------T e x a s ---------------------------------Gulf C o a st- ----------------------Inland ------------------------ ----M o u n tain -----------------------------California ---------------------------— 39 30 60 140 487 205 123 65 58 525 128 397 122 86 16 13 19 26 59 34 33 17 16 90 33 57 28 21 1,178 933 2 ,495 4 ,0 2 4 18,717 10,127 14,506 12,854 1,652 32,871 9, 559 23,312 6 ,306 11,437 888 699 1,892 2 ,915 10,395 5,168 7 ,6 4 0 6 ,6 1 7 1,023 16,975 4 ,2 0 0 12,775 3 ,5 6 9 7,403 820 719 1,935 1,826 6 ,7 3 5 4 ,966 9, 757 8 ,9 1 0 847 22,248 6 ,6 7 9 15, 569 2 ,9 2 4 9 ,0 9 7 1 The regions or their components used in this study include: Middle Atlantic-—New Yofk and Pennsylvania} Western Pennsylvania—Adams, Cumberland, Lycoming, M ifflin, Perry, T ioga, Union, and all other Pennsylvania comities west thereof; Border States—Kentucky and West Virginia; Great Lakes—Illinois. Indiana, M ichigan, and Ohio; Midcontinent—Arkansas. Kansas, Mississippi, Nebraska, and Oklahoma; Louisiana Gulf Coast—Avoyelles. East Feliciana, Pointe Coupee, Rapides, St. Helena, Tangipahoa, Vernon, Washington, West Felician a, and all other Louisiana parishes south thereof; Northern Louisiana—all Louisiana parishes not included in the Louisiana Gulf Coast; Texas Gulf Coast—Bee. Brazos, Burleson, Dewitt, Fayette, Jasper, Karnes, Lavaca, Lee, Live Oak, Madison, Newton, Polk, Refugio, Trinity, Tyler, Walker, and all other Texas counties east thereof; Texas Inland—all Texas counties not included in the Texas Gulf Coast; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New M exico, North Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. 2 Includes only establishments with 8 workers or more at the tim e of reference o f the universe data. 3 Includes executive, professional, office, and other workers excluded from the production worker category. 4 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the study. M e th o d of S tu d y D a t a w e r e o b t a in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s u n d e r the d i r e c t i o n of the B u r e a u * s A s s i s t a n t R e g i o n a l D i r e c t o r s f o r O p e r a t i o n s . The su r v e y w a s conducted on a s a m p l e b a s i s . T o o b t a in a p p r o p r i a t e a c c u r a c y a t m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n 17 18 of l a r g e th an of s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w a s s t u d ie d . In c o m b in in g the d a t a , h o w e v e r , a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w e r e g i v e n t h e i r a p p r o p r i a t e w e ig h t. A l l e s t i m a t e s a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e l a t i n g to a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the i n d u s t r y , e x c lu d i n g on ly t h o s e b e l o w the m i n i m u m s i z e a t the t i m e of r e f e r e n c e of the u n i v e r s e d a t a . E s t a b l i s h m e n t D e fi n iti o n A n e s t a b l i s h m e n t , f o r p u r p o s e s of t h i s stu d y , w a s d e f in e d a s c o v e r i n g a l l o i l a n d g a s f i e l d a c t i v i t i e s o f a n o p e r a t i n g c o m p a n y in the w a g e a r e a f o r w h ich s e p a r a t e d a t a a r e p r e sented. F o r a r e a s in c l u d in g two S t a t e s o r m o r e , s u c h o p e r a t i n g a c t i v i t i e s w e r e c o n fin e d to the g e o g r a p h i c a l b o u n d a r i e s of a S t a t e r a t h e r th an to the a r e a b o u n d a r i e s . E m p lo y m e n t T he e s t i m a t e s o f the n u m b e r of w o r k e r s w ith in the s c o p e of the stu d y a r e in te n d e d a s a g e n e r a l g u id e to the s i z e a n d c o m p o s i t i o n of the l a b o r f o r c e i n c l u d e d in the s u r v e y . T he a d v a n c e p la n n in g n e c e s s a r y to m a k e a w a g e s u r v e y r e q u i r e s the u s e of l i s t s of e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a s s e m b l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e of the p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d ie d . O c c u p a t i o n s S e l e c t e d f o r S tudy O c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w a s b a s e d on a u n i f o r m s e t of j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s i g n e d to t a k e a c c o u n t of i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d i n t e r a r e a v a r i a t i o n s in d u t i e s w ith in the s a m e jo b . (See ap p en d ix B fo r d e s c r i p t i o n s . ) The occ u p a tio n s w e r e c h o se n fo r th eir n u m e r ic a l i m p o r t a n c e , t h e i r u s e f u l n e s s in c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g , o r t h e i r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e n e s s of the e n t i r e jo b s c a l e in the i n d u s t r y . W o rk in g s u p e r v i s o r s , a p p r e n t i c e s , l e a r n e r s , b e g i n n e r s , t r a i n e e s , h a n d i c a p p e d , p a r t t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , an d p r o b a t i o n a r y w o r k e r s w e r e no t r e p o r t e d in the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s . W age D a t a T h e w a g e i n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t e s to a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , e x c lu d i n g p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , an d l a t e s h i f t s . In c e n ti v e p a y m e n t s , s u c h a s t h o s e r e s u l t i n g f r o m p i e c e w o r k o r p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s s y s t e m s an d c o s t o f - l i v i n g b o n u s e s , w e r e in c l u d e d a s p a r t of the w o r k e r s * r e g u l a r p a y ; b u t n o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s p a y m e n t s , s u c h a s C h r i s t m a s o r y e a r e n d b o n u s e s , w e r e e x c lu d e d . A v e r a g e ( m e a n ) h o u r l y r a t e s o r e a r n i n g s f o r e a c h o c c u p a t i o n w e r e c a l c u l a t e d by w e ig h tin g e a c h r a t e ( o r h o u r l y e a r n i n g s ) b y the n u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g the r a t e , t o t a li n g , an d d iv id in g by the n u m b e r o f i n d i v i d u a l s . T he h o u r l y e a r n i n g s o f s a l a r i e d w o r k e r s w e r e o b t a i n e d b y d iv id in g t h e i r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r y b y n o r m a l r a t h e r th an a c t u a l h o u r s . S c h e d u l e d W eekly H o u r s D a t a r e f e r to the p r e d o m i n a n t w o r k s c h e d u l e f o r f u l l - t i m e p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d on the d a y sh ift. S h ift P r o v i s i o n s S h ift p r o v i s i o n s r e l a t e to the p o l i c i e s of e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e i t h e r c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g l a t e s h i f t s o r h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g l a t e - s h i f t w o r k . S u p p l e m e n t a r y W ag e P r o v i s i o n s S u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s w e r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y on the b a s i s th a t if f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s w e r e a p p l i c a b l e to o n e - h a l f o r m o r e of the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in a n e s t a b l i s h m e n t , the b e n e f i t s w e r e c o n s i d e r e d a p p l i c a b l e to a l l s u c h w o r k e r s . S i m i l a r l y , i f f e w e r th an o n e - h a l f of the w o r k e r s w e r e c o v e r e d , the b e n e f i t w a s c o n s i d e r e d n o n e x i s t e n t in the e s t a b l i s h m e n t . B e c a u s e of l e n g t h - o f - s e r v i c e a n d o th e r e l i g i b i l i t y r e q u i r e m e n t s , the p r o p o r t i o n of w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g the b e n e f i t s m a y b e s m a l l e r th an e s t i m a t e d . 19 P a id H o lid ay s. P a i d h o l id a y p r o v i s i o n s r e l a t e to f u l l - d a y an d h a l f - d a y h o l i d a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a l ly to p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s . P aid V a c a tio n s. T he s u m m a r y of v a c a t i o n p l a n s i s l i m i t e d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s , e x c l u d i n g i n f o r m a l p l a n s w h e r e b y t i m e off w ith p a y i s g r a n t e d a t the d i s c r e t i o n of the e m p l o y e r o r the s u p e r v i s o r . T he p e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e f o r w h ich d a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d w e r e s e l e c t e d a s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the m o s t c o m m o n p r a c t i c e s , b u t th ey d o not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n . F o r e x a m p l e , the c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s i n d i c a t e d a t 5 y e a r s of s e r v i c e m a y in c l u d e c h a n g e s w h ic h o c c u r r e d b e t w e e n 2 an d 5 y e a r s . H e a lth , I n s u r a n c e , a n d R e t i r e m e n t P l a n s . D a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r h e a lth , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s f o r w h ich a l l o r a p a r t o f the c o s t i s b o r n e by the e m p l o y e r , e x c l u d i n g p r o g r a m s r e q u i r e d b y law , s u c h a s w o r k m e n ' s c o m p e n s a t i o n an d s o c i a l s e c u r i t y . Among the p l a n s in c l u d e d a r e t h o s e u n d e r w r i t t e n b y a c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n y an d t h o s e p a i d d i r e c t l y by the e m p l o y e r f r o m h i s c u r r e n t o p e r a t i n g fu n d s o r f r o m a fund s e t a s i d e fo r th is p u rp o se . D e a th b e n e f i t s a r e i n c l u d e d a s a f o r m of l i f e i n s u r a n c e . S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e i s l i m i t e d to th a t ty p e o f i n s u r a n c e u n d e r w h ich p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a s h p a y m e n t s a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y to the i n s u r e d on a w e e k l y o r m o n th ly b a s i s d u r i n g i l l n e s s o r a c c i d e n t d i s ab ility . I n f o r m a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s u c h p l a n s to w h ich the e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t e s a t l e a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t . H o w e v e r , in New Y o r k a n d New J e r s e y , w h e r e t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i l i t y i n s u r a n c e l a w s r e q u i r e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s , 7 p l a n s a r e i n c l u d e d only i f the e m p l o y e r ( l ) c o n t r i b u t e s m o r e th an i s l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d , o r (2) p r o v i d e s the e m p l o y e e w ith b e n e f i t s w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u i r e m e n t s of the law . T a b u l a t i o n s of p a i d s i c k l e a v e p l a n s a r e l i m i t e d to f o r m a l p l a n s w h ic h p r o v i d e f u l l p a y o r a p r o p o r t i o n of the w o r k e r ' s p a y d u r in g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e of i l l n e s s ; i n f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s h a v e b e e n o m it t e d . S e p a r a t e t a b u l a t i o n s a r e p r o v i d e d a c c o r d i n g to ( l ) p l a n s w h ic h p r o v i d e f u l l p a y a n d no w a i t in g p e r i o d , a n d (2) p l a n s p r o v i d i n g e i t h e r p a r t i a l p a y o r a w a i t in g p e r i o d . M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p l a n s p r o v i d i n g f o r c o m p l e t e o r p a r t i a l p a y m e n t of d o c t o r s * fees. Such p la n s m a y be u n d e rw ritte n by a c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e co m pan y or a n o n pro fit o r g a n i z a t i o n , o r th ey m a y b e s e l f - i n s u r e d . C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e , s o m e t i m e s r e f e r r e d to a s e x te n d e d m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e , i n c l u d e s the p l a n s d e s i g n e d to c o v e r e m p l o y e e s in c a s e of s i c k n e s s o r i n j u r y in v o lv in g a n e x p e n s e w h ic h g o e s b e y o n d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e of h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , m e d i c a l , a n d s u r g i c a l p l a n s . T a b u l a t i o n s of r e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n p l a n s a r e l i m i t e d to p l a n s w h ic h p r o v i d e , upon r e t i r e m e n t , r e g u l a r p a y m e n t s f o r the r e m a i n d e r of the w o r k e r ' s l i f e . Data a r e p r e s e n te d s e p a r a t e l y f o r l u m p - s u m r e t i r e m e n t p a y (one p a y m e n t o r a s p e c i f i e d n u m b e r o v e r a p e r i o d of t i m e ) m a d e to e m p l o y e e s on r e t i r e m e n t . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g bo th l u m p - s u m p a y m e n t s a n d p e n s i o n s to e m p l o y e e s on r e t i r e m e n t w e r e c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g b o th r e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n a n d l u m p - s u m r e t i r e m e n t p a y . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g o p t i o n a l p l a n s p r o v i d i n g e m p l o y e e s a c h o i c e of e i t h e r l u m p - s u m r e t i r e m e n t p a y m e n t s o r p e n s i o n s w e r e c o n s i d e r e d a s h a v in g on ly r e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n b e n e f i t s . F u n e r a l L e a v e P a y . D a t a r e l a t e to f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l o r p a r t i a l p a y to e m p l o y e e s a t t e n d i n g f u n e r a l s of c e r t a i n f a m i l y m e m b e r s . Ju ry-D u ty P a y . s e r v i n g on j u r i e s . D a t a r e l a t e to f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l o r p a r t i a l p a y to e m p l o y e e s T h rift or S av in g s P l a n s . T h rift or sa v in g s p la n s a r e lim ited e m p lo y e r m a d e m o n e ta r y con trib u tion s beyond a d m in istr a tiv e c o s t s . to t h o s e to w h ic h the Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e of p r e p a r i n g j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r the B u r e a u * s w a g e s u r v e y s i s to a s s i s t i t s f i e l d s t a f f in c l a s s i f y i n g into a p p r o p r i a t e o c c u p a t i o n s w o r k e r s who a r e e m p l o y e d u n d e r a v a r i e t y of p a y r o l l t i t l e s an d d i f f e r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t to e s t a b l i s h m e n t an d f r o m a r e a to a r e a . T h i s p e r m i t s the g r o u p i n g of o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e r a t e s r e p r e s e n t i n g c o m p a r a b l e j o b c on ten t. B e c a u s e of t h i s e m p h a s i s on i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t an d i n t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b i l i t y of o c c u p a t i o n a l co n te n t, the B u r e a u * s j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m t h o s e in u s e in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o r t h o s e p r e p a r e d f o r o th e r p u r p o s e s . In a p p ly i n g t h e s e j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s , the B u r e a u ^ f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s a r e i n s t r u c t e d to e x c l u d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s , a p p r e n tic e s, l e a r n e r s , b e g in n e rs, tr a in e e s , h an d i c a p p e d , p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , an d p r o b a t i o n a r y w o r k e r s . D ER R IC K M A N W o r k s on a r o t a r y d r i l l i n g r i g , a s s i s t i n g in r a i s i n g an d l o w e r i n g c a s i n g and d r i l l p ip e and in c a r r y i n g on d r i l l i n g o p e r a t i o n s . W o rk i n v o l v e s : F r o m p o s i t i o n n e a r top of r i g , g u id in g an d a t t a c h i n g o r d e t a c h in g e l e v a t o r to o r f r o m u p p e r end of s e c t i o n s of c a s i n g o r d r i l l p ip e a s it i s b e i n g ru n into o r p u ll e d out of w e l l ; te n d in g s l u s h o r m u d p u m p s w h ic h c i r c u l a t e a h e a v y m i x t u r e of c l a y an d w a t e r th r o u g h a d r i l l p ip e to f l u s h out d r i l l i n g s and c o o l b i t ; c l e a n i n g , o i l i n g , g r e a s i n g , i n s p e c t i n g , an d r e p a i r i n g p u l l e y s , b l o c k s , an d c a b l e s th at a r e u s e d to r a i s e and l o w e r c a s i n g an d d r i l l p ip e ; a s s i s t s r o t a r y d r i l l e r to r e g u l a t e v a l v e s in c o n t r o l l i n g flo w of o il w h en w e l l i s b r o u g h t in ( f i r s t b e g i n s flo w in g ). D R IL L E R , ROTARY (C o re d r il l e r ; w ell d rille r) S u p e r v i s e s d r i l l i n g o p e r a t i o n s an d o p e r a t e s d r a w w o r k s th at s e r v e a s a p o w e r d i s t r i b u t i o n c e n t e r f o r the r a i s i n g an d l o w e r i n g of d r i l l p ip e and c a s i n g , an d f o r r o t a t i o n of d r i l l p ip e in the w e l l . W o r k i n v o l v e s : M a n ip u l a t i n g l e v e r s and t h r o t t l e s to c o n t r o l s p e e d of r o t a r y t a b l e w h ic h r o t a t e s s t r i n g of t o o l s , an d to r e g u l a t e the p r e s s u r e of the t o o l s at the b o t t o m of the w e l l a s i n d i c a t e d b y a g a g e ; c o n n e c ti n g and d i s c o n n e c t i n g s e c t i o n s of d r i l l p ip e a s th e y r u n into o r out of w e l l ; s e l e c t i n g d r i l l b i t s a c c o r d i n g to n a t u r e of s t r a t a e n c o u n t e r e d and c h a n g in g t h e m w h en d u ll o r w hen s t r a t a c h a n g e ; m a n i p u l a t i n g l e v e r s , p e d a l s , and b r a k e s to c o n t r o l d r a w w o r k s w h ic h s u p p l y p o w e r n e c e s s a r y to l o w e r an d r a i s e d r i l l p ip e and c a s i n g into and out of w e l l ; c h e c k in g o p e r a t i o n of s l u s h p u m p s to s e e th a t f l u id , w h ic h c o o l s b i t, r e m o v e s c u t t i n g s , an d s e a l s w a l l s of w e l l w ith c l a y , i s c i r c u l a t i n g p r o p e r l y and i s of c o r r e c t c o n s i s t e n c y ; i n s p e c t i n g c o r e o r c u t t in g s f r o m w e l l to d e t e r m i n e n a t u r e of s t r a t a d r i l l e d th r o u g h ; f i s h i n g f o r an d r e m o v i n g e q u ip m e n t l o s t in w e l l , u s i n g s p e c i a l t o o l s at end of d r i l l p ip e o r c a b l e ; k e e p i n g r e c o r d of l o c a t i o n an d n a t u r e of s t r a t a , n u m b e r of f e e t a d v a n c e d p e r s h i f t , and m a t e r i a l s u s e d . M a y s t a r t flo w of w e l l b y a s s i s t i n g s h o o t e r in l o w e r i n g an d s e t tin g off a c h a r g e of e x p l o s i v e s in the s t r a t a a n d c o n t r o l flow of w e l l w h en it c o m e s in ( f i r s t b e g i n s flow ing) b y c a p p in g it o r r e g u l a t i n g c o n t r o l v a l v e s . S u p e r v i s e s an d i s a s s i s t e d b y w o r k e r s , s u c h a s d e r r i c k m a n and r o t a r y f l o o r m a n . E L E C T R IC IA N , M A IN TE N A N C E P e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y of e l e c t r i c a l t r a d e f u n c t i o n s , s u c h a s the i n s t a l l a t i o n , m a i n t e n a n c e , o r r e p a i r of e q u ip m e n t f o r the g e n e r a t i o n , d i s t r i b u t i o n , o r u t i l i z a t i o n of e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W ork i n v o l v e s m o s t of the f o l l o w i n g : I n s t a l l i n g o r r e p a i r i n g an y of a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t s u c h a s g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w i t c h b o a r d s , c o n t r o l l e r s , c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , h e a t i n g u n i t s , c o n d u it s y s t e m s , o r o t h e r t r a n s m i s s i o n 20 21 E L E C T R I C I A N , M A I N T E N A N C E — C o n tin u e d e q u ip m e n t ; w o r k in g f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w i n g s , l a y o u t s , o r o th e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; l o c a t i n g and d i a g n o s i n g t r o u b l e in the e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r e q u ip m e n t; w o r k i n g s t a n d a r d c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to l o a d r e q u i r e m e n t s of w i r i n g o r e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t; and u s i n g a v a r i e t y of e l e c t r i c i a n ^ h a n d t o o l s and m e a s u r i n g an d t e s t i n g i n s t r u m e n t s . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k of the m a i n t e n a n c e e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . FLOORM AN, ROTARY ( R o t a r y d r i l l e r h e l p e r ; r o t a r y h e l p e r ; ro u g h n e c k ) A s s i s t s in d r i l l i n g o p e r a t i o n s an d in ru n n in g d r i l l p ip e and c a s i n g in an d out of w e l l . W ork i n v o l v e s : G u id in g l o w e r end of s e c t i o n s of d r i l l p ip e and c a s i n g to o r f r o m w e l l o p e n in g a s d e r r i c k m a n h a n d l e s u p p e r end in ru n n in g s e c t i o n s into o r out of w e l l ; r a c k i n g o r u n r a c k i n g d r i l l p ip e s e c t i o n s in o r d e r of r e m o v a l ; h e lp in g c o n n e c t o r d i s c o n n e c t j o i n t s b e t w e e n s e c t i o n s , u s i n g t o n g s o r c h a in w r e n c h e s to g r i p and t u r n p ip e ; i n s e r t i n g and r e m o v i n g s l i p s ( c u r v e d m e t a l w e d g e s ) u s e d at top of w e l l to h o ld d r i l l p ip e at d e s i r e d p oin t w h en it i s b e i n g r u n into o r out of w e l l ; o p e r a t i n g a c a t h e a d ( p o w e r - d r i v e n w in c h ), the c a b l e of w h ic h i s a t t a c h e d to the t o n g s o r w r e n c h to l o o s e n o r tig h te n the j o i n t s ; d i g g i n g d i t c h e s , r a c k i n g t o o l s , an d c l e a n i n g up d r i l l i n g f l o o r o r a r o u n d r i g ; and a s s i s t i n g in m a k i n g r e p a i r s to d r i l l i n g m a c h i n e r y , s l u s h p u m p s , and d e r r i c k . GASMAN (G a s-p ro d u c e r m an; g as-p lan t operator) O p e r a t e s a u t o m a t i c a l l y c o n t r o l l e d n a t u r a l - g a s t r e a t i n g unit in o il or g a s f i e l d to r e n d e r g a s s u i t a b l e f o r fu e l and f o r p i p e l i n e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . W ork i n v o l v e s m o s t of the f o l l o w in g : O p en in g v a l v e s to a d m i t g a s an d s p e c i f i e d c h e m i c a l s in to t r e a t i n g v e s s e l w h e r e m o i s t u r e i s a b s o r b e d and i m p u r i t i e s r e m o v e d ; a d j u s t i n g c o n t r o l of a u x i l i a r y e q u i p m e n t , s u c h a s p u m p s , h e a t i n g c o i l s , an d c o o l i n g t o w e r ; r e a d i n g t e m p e r a t u r e and p r e s s u r e g a g e s an d a d j u s t s c o n t r o l s to k e e p h e a t an d p r e s s u r e at l e v e l of m a x i m u m e f f i c i e n c y w ith in s a f e o p e r a t i n g l i m i t s ; p e r f o r m i n g r o u t i n e t e s t s o r d e l i v e r s s a m p l e s to l a b o r a t o r y to d e t e r m i n e q u a l i t i e s of g a s , s u c h a s B . T . U . v a l u e , f l a m e c a n d l e p o w e r , and s p e c i f i c g r a v i t y , and p r o p o r t i o n s of e l e m e n t s , s u c h a s m e t h a n e , p r o p a n e , an d n a t u r a l g a s o l i n e ; d r a i n i n g s a m p l e s of b o i l e r w a t e r f r o m t r e a t in g un it f o r l a b o r a t o r y a n a l y s i s ; an d a d d in g s p e c i f i e d c h e m i c a l s to w a t e r to k e e p h e a t i n g and c o o l i n g s y s t e m s in w o r k i n g o r d e r . M a y a d j u s t and r e p a i r g a s m e t e r s an d g o v e r n o r s , u s i n g h a n d t o o l s . M a y c h a n g e c h a r t s on m e t e r s e q u ip p e d w ith a u t o m a t i c r e c o r d e r s an d m a y a d v i s e an d a s s i s t w o r k e r s r e p a i r i n g r e g u l a t o r s ( g o v e r n o r s ) and o th e r c o n t r o l i n s t r u m e n t s . M E C H A N IC , M A IN T E N A N C E R e p a i r s m a c h i n e r y o r m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t of a n e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W ork i n v o l v e s m o s t of the f o l l o w i n g : E x a m i n i n g m a c h i n e s and m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t to d i a g n o s e s o u r c e of t r o u b l e ; d i s m a n t l i n g o r p a r t l y d i s m a n t l i n g m a c h i n e s and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s th at m a i n l y in v o l v e the u s e of h a n d t o o l s in s c r a p i n g and fittin g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s w ith i t e m s o b t a in e d f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r i n g the p r o d u c t i o n of a r e p l a c e m e n t p a r t b y a m a c h i n e sh o p o r s e n d in g of the m a c h i n e to a m a c h i n e sh o p f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s ; p r e p a r i n g w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s o r f o r the p r o d u c t i o n of p a r t s o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h i n e sh o p ; r e a s s e m b l i n g m a c h i n e s ; and m a k i n g a l l n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n t s f o r o p e r a t i o n . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k of a m a i n t e n a n c e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . E x c l u d e d f r o m th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y d u t i e s in v o lv e s e t t i n g up o r a d j u s t i n g m a c h i n e s . PUM PER (O il-w e ll p u m p e r ; p u m p m an ) O p e r a t e s the p o w e r u n it ( s t e a m , g a s , g a s o l i n e , e l e c t r i c , o r D i e s e l ) w hich d r i v e s the o i l - w e l l p u m p s u s e d to lif t o il f r o m w e l l s in w h ich n a t u r a l flow h a s d i m i n i s h e d o r c e a s e d . W ork i n c l u d e s : O p en in g a n d c l o s i n g v a l v e s to r e g u l a t e flow of o il f r o m w e l l to s t o r a g e t a n k s o r in to p i p e l i n e s ; r e a d i n g m e t e r s an d m a k i n g d a i l y p r o d u c t i o n r e p o r t s of the a m o u n t an d 22 P U M P E R — C o n t in u e d q u a l i t y of o il p u m p e d ; c h e c k in g p r e s s u r e of s e p a r a t o r , w h ic h s e p a r a t e s n a t u r a l g a s f r o m o il an d m a k i n g a d j u s t m e n t s ; l u b r i c a t i n g an d m a k i n g m i n o r r e p a i r s to p u m p s ; an d r e p o r t i n g m a j o r b r e a k d o w n s an d w e l l d i f f i c u l t i e s . M a y m a k e r e g u l a r t e s t s of o il f o r b o t t o m s e d i m e n t an d w a t e r . ROUSTABOUT (Laborer) P e r f o r m s , u p o n a s s i g n m e n t , a n y c o m b i n a t i o n of the f o l l o w i n g t a s k s in and a b o u t o il fie ld s: D i g g i n g t r e n c h e s f o r d r a i n a g e a r o u n d o i l w e l l s , s t o r a g e t a n k s , and o th e r i n s t a l l a t i o n s ; f i l l i n g e x c a v a t i o n s w ith d i r t ; l o a d i n g an d u n l o a d i n g t r u c k s b y h a n d o r u s i n g h a n d t r u c k s ; a s s i s t i n g p u m p e r s in s e t t i n g up p u m p s u s e d to p u m p o i l, g a s , w a t e r , o r m u d ; b a i l i n g s p i l l e d o il in to b u c k e t s and b a r r e l s ; c l e a n i n g m a c h i n e r y ; c u ttin g dow n t r e e s an d b r u s h a r o u n d o il f i e l d i n s t a l l a t i o n s ; s e g r e g a t i n g p ip e s e c t i o n s on r a c k s in m a t e r i a l y a r d ; an d c o n n e c ti n g t a n k s an d flo w l i n e s an d p e r f o r m i n g o th e r m i s c e l l a n e o u s p ip e f it t in g w o r k . C a s u a l l a b o r e r s who a r e h i r e d f o r s p o r a d i c n e e d s an d m a i n t e n a n c e f l o o r m e n ( g a n g p u s h e r s ) s h o u l d b e e x c l u d e d f r o m th is c la s s if i c a t io n . D i f f i c u l t i e s a r e s o m e t i m e s e n c o u n t e r e d in d i s t i n g u i s h i n g b e t w e e n r o u s t a b o u t s and r o u g h n e c k s ( r o t a r y f l o o r m e n ) . W h e n e v e r s u c h d i f f i c u l t i e s a r i s e , r o u g h n e c k s s h o u ld b e c o n s i d e r e d a s t h o s e w o r k e r s who a s s i s t in the a c t u a l d r i l l i n g o p e r a t i o n s an d t h o s e o p e r a t i o n s alone. R o u s t a b o u t s a r e e m p l o y e d a f t e r the w e l l i s f i n i s h e d . T h e y a s s i s t in v a r i o u s o th e r f u n c t i o n s e n c o u n t e r e d in p e t r o l e u m p r o d u c t io n . TRU C K D R IV ER D r i v e s a t r u c k in an d a r o u n d o il o r g a s f i e l d s to t r a n s p o r t c r u d e p e t r o l e u m , e q u i p m e n t , m e n , o r s u p p l i e s b e t w e e n b a t t e r y s i t e s , r a i l p o i n t s , and o t h e r u n l o a d i n g d o c k s . M ay a l s o l o a d o r u n l o a d t r u c k w ith o r w ith ou t h e l p e r s , m a k e m i n o r m e c h a n i c a l r e p a i r s , an d k e e p t r u c k in g o o d w o r k i n g o r d e r . D r i v e r - s a l e s m e n and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r i v e r s a r e e x c l u d e d . W E L D E R , O IL F IE L D C u t s , l a y s out, f i t s , an d w e l d s s h e e t m e t a l , c a s t i r o n , a l u m i n u m , and o th e r m e t a l o r a l l o y e d m e t a l p a r t s to f a b r i c a t e o r r e p a i r o il f i e l d m a c h i n e r y , e q u i p m e n t , an d i n s t a l l a t i o n s s u c h a s o il an d g a s - p i p e l i n e s an d t a n k s , p r e s s u r e v e s s e l s , p u m p s e c t i o n s , h e a v y b a s e s f o r d r illin g eq u ip m en t, d r ill p ip e s , or c a s i n g s . T h e o il f i e l d w e l d e r u s u a l l y o p e r a t e s e l e c tr ic - w e ld in g a n d /o r ac e ty le n e -w e ld in g a p p a r a t u s . Industry Wage Studies T h e m o s t r e c e n t r e p o r t s f o r i n d u s t r i e s i n c l u d e d in th e B u r e a u ' s p r o g r a m of i n d u s t r y w a g e s u r v e y s s in c e J a n u a r y 1950 a r e l i s t e d b e lo w . T h o s e f o r w h ich a p r i c e i s s h o w n a r e a v a i l a b l e f r o m th e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U . S . G o v e r n m e n t P rin tin g O ffic e , W ash in gton , D .C ., 20 4 0 2 , or an y of it s r e g io n a l sa le s o ffices. T h o s e f o r w h ich a p r i c e is not show n m a y b e o b ta in e d f r e e a s l o n g a s a s u p p l y i s a v a i l a b l e , f r o m th e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . , 2 0 2 1 2 , o r f r o m a n y o f th e r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s s h o w n o n th e i n s i d e b a c k c o v e r . I. Occupational Wage Studies M an u factu rin g B a s i c I r o n a n d S t e e l , 1 9 6 2 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1358 ( 3 0 c e n t s ) . C a n d y an d O th er C o n f e c t i o n e r y P r o d u c t s , 1965. B L S B u lle t in 1520 (30 c e n t s ) . ’• 'C a n n in g a n d F r e e z i n g , 1 9 5 7 . B L S R e p o r t 136. C i g a r M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1 9 6 7 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1581 ( 2 5 c e n t s ) . C i g a r e t t e M a n u f a c t u r in g , 1965. B L S B u lle t in 1472 (20 c e n t s ) . C o tto n T e x t i l e s , 1965. B L S B u l l e t in 1506 (40 c e n t s ) . D i s t i l l e d L i q u o r s , 1 9 5 2 . S e r i e s 2, N o . 8 8 . F a b r i c a t e d S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l, 1964. B L S B u lle t in 1463 (30 c e n t s ) . F e r t i l i z e r M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1 9 6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1531 ( 3 0 c e n t s ) . F l o u r a n d O t h e r G r a i n M i l l P r o d u c t s , 1 9 6 7 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1576 (2 5 c e n t s ) . F l u i d M ilk I n d u s t r y , 1964. B L S B u l l e t in 1464 (30 c e n t s ) . F o o t w e a r , 1965. B L S B u lle t in 1503 (50 c e n t s ) . H o s i e r y , 1964. B L S B u l l e t in 1456 (45 c e n t s ) . I n d u s t r i a l C h e m i c a l s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1529 ( 4 0 c e n t s ) . I r o n a n d S t e e l F o u n d r i e s , 1 9 6 2 . B L S B u l l e t i n 138 6 ( 4 0 c e n t s ) . L e a t h e r T a n n in g an d F i n i s h i n g , 1963. B L S B u l l e t in 1378 (40 c e n t s ) . M a c h in e r y M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1966. B L S B u l l e t in 1563 (70 c e n t s ) . M e a t P r o d u c t s , 1 9 6 3 . B L S B u l l e t i n 141 5 ( 7 5 c e n t s ) . M e n 's and B o y s ' S h ir t s ( E x c e p t W ork S h ir ts ) and N ig h tw e a r , 1964. B L S B u l l e t i n 145 7 ( 4 0 c e n t s ) . M e n 's an d B o y s ' S u it s an d C o a t s , 1963. B L S B u l l e t in 1424 (65 c e n t s ) . M i s c e l l a n e o u s P l a s t i c s P r o d u c t s , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 4 3 9 (3 5 c e n t s ) . M i s c e ll a n e o u s T e x t i l e s , 1953. B L S R e p o r t 56. M o t o r V e h i c l e s a n d M o t o r V e h i c l e P a r t s , 1 9 6 3 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 3 9 3 (4 5 c e n t s ) . N o n f e r r o u s F o u n d r i e s , 1965. B L S B u l l e t in 1498 (40 c e n t s ) . P a i n t s an d V a r n i s h e s , 1965. B L S B u l l e t in 1524 (40 c e n t s ) . P a p e r b o a r d C o n t a i n e r s an d B o x e s , 1964. B L S B u l l e t in 1478 (70 c e n t s ) . P e t r o l e u m R e f i n i n g , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1526 ( 3 0 c e n t s ) . P r e s s e d o r B lo w n G l a s s and G l a s s w a r e , 1964. B L S B u lle t in 1423 (30 c e n t s ) . ’• ' P r o c e s s e d W a s t e , 1 9 5 7 . B L S R e p o r t 124. P u l p , P a p e r , a n d P a p e r b o a r d M i l l s , 1 9 6 2 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1341 ( 4 0 c e n t s ) . R a d i o , T e l e v i s i o n , a n d R e l a t e d P r o d u c t s , 1 9 5 1 . S e r i e s 2, N o . 8 4 . R a i l r o a d C a r s , 1 9 5 2 . S e r i e s 2, N o . 8 6 . * R a w S u g a r , 1 9 5 7 . B L S R e p o r t 136. S o u t h e r n S a w m i l l s a n d P l a n i n g M i l l s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1519 ( 3 0 c e n t s ) . S t r u c t u r a l C l a y P r o d u c t s , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1459 (4 5 c e n t s ) . S y n th e tic F i b e r s , 1966. B L S B u l l e t in 1540 (30 c e n t s ) . S y n t h e t i c T e x t i l e s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 150 9 ( 4 0 c e n t s ) . T e x t i l e D y e i n g a n d F i n i s h i n g , 1 9 6 5 —6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1527 (4 5 c e n t s ) . * Studies of the e ffe cts o f the $1 m inim um w age. I. Occupational Wage Studies--- Continued M a n u fa c tu r in g — C o n tin u ed ^ T o b a c c o S t e m m i n g a n d R e d r y i n g , 1 9 5 7 . B L S R e p o r t 136. W e s t C o a s t S a w m i l l i n g , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1455 ( 3 0 c e n t s ) . W o m e n ' s a n d M i s s e s ' C o a t s a n d S u i t s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1508 ( 2 5 c e n t s ) . W o m e n 's and M i s s e s ' D r e s s e s , 1966. B L S B u l l e t in 1538 (30 c e n t s ) . 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