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Industry W age Survey: Nonferrous Foundries, May 1975 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES Region I 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: (617) 223-6761 Region II Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10036 Phone: (212) 399-5405 Region V 9th Floor Federal O ffice Building 230 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, III. 60604 Phone: (312)353-1880 Region VI Second Floor 555 G riffin Square Building Dallas, Tex. 75202 Phone: (214)749-3516 Region III 3535 Market Street P.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: (215)596-1154 Regions VII and VIII* 911 W alnut Street Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: (816)374-2481 Region IV 1371 Peachtree Street, NE. Atlanta, Ga. 30309 Phone: (404)881-4418 Regions IX and X** 450 Golden Gate Avenue Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone: (415) 556-4678 Regions VII and VIII are serviced by Kansas City Regions IX and X are serviced by San Francisco Industry W age Survey: Nonferrous Foundries, May 1975 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Julius Shiskin, Commissioner 1977 Bulletin 1952 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock No. 029-001-02018-0 Preface This bulletin summarizes the results of a Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of wages and supple mentary benefits in the nonferrous foundry manufacturing industry in May 1975. A similar study was conducted in June 1970. Separate releases were issued earlier for the following areas: Chicago, Cleveland; Detroit; Los Angeles-Long Beach; Milwaukee; Newark; New York; and Philadelphia. Copies of these releases are available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212, or any of its regional offices. This study was conducted in the Bureau’s Office of Wages and Industrial Relations. The analysis was prepared by Mary Kay Rieg of the Division of Occupational Wage Structures. Field work for the survey was directed by the Bureau’s Assistant Regional Commissioners for Operations. Other reports available from the Bureau’s program of industry wage studies as well as the ad dresses of the Bureau’s regional offices are listed at the end of this bulletin. Material in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission of the Federal Government. Please credit the Bureau of Labor Statistics and cite the name and number of the publication. mi Contents Page Summary.......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Industry characteristics..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Products and processes ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Employment trends ................................................................................................................................................ 2 Location................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Establishment size .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Union contract coverage ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Method of wage payment....................................................................................................................................... 3 Average hourly earnings.................................................................................................................................................. 3 Occupational earnings.................................................................................................................................................... 4 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions.......................................................................................... 4 Scheduled weekly hours................................................................................. ....................................................... 5 Shift differential provisions and practices ............................................................................................................. 5 Paid holidays......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Paid vacations ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 Health, insurance, and retirement plans................................................................................................................. 5 Other selected benefits ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Text tables: 1. Regional distribution of production foundry workers by primary methodof casting...................................... 2 2. Distribution of production foundry workers by method of casting in selectedmetropolitan areas ................. 2 3. Average hourly earnings by primary method of casting and region................................................................ 3 4. Average hourly earnings by primary method of casting and occupation......................................................... 4 Reference tables: 1. Average hourly earnings: By selected characteristics ............................................................................ 6 2. Earnings distribution: All establishments.............................................................................................. 7 3. Earnings distribution: By method of production................................................................................... 8 Occupational averages: 4. All establishments.................................................................................................................................. 8 5. By size of establishment........................................................................................................................ 10 6 . By size of community...........................................................................................................................12 7. By labor-management contract coverage............................................................................................... 13 8 . By method of wage payment ..........................................•................................................................. 14 9. Die-casting establishments...................’............................................................................................. 15 10. Sand-casting establishments..................................................................................................................16 11. Permanent-mold casting establishments.................................................................................................. 16 Occupational earnings: 12. Chicago, 111............................................................................................................................................. 17 13. Cleveland, O h io .................................................................................................................................... 18 14. Detroit, Mich.......................................................................................................................................... 19 15. Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif. .......................................................................................................... 20 16. Milwaukee, Wis....................................................................................................................................... 21 17. Newark, N.J............................................................................................................................................22 18. New York, N.Y.-N.J............................................................................................................................... 23 19. Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J.............................................................................................................................. 24 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: 20. Method of wage payment......................................................................................................................25 21 . Scheduled weekly hours........................................................................................................................ 25 v Contents — Continued Page 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. Shift differential provisions .................................................................................................................. 26 Shift differential practices.....................................................................................................................27 Paid holidays......................................................................................................................................... 28 Paid vacations................................................................... 29 Health, insurance, and retirement plans.................................................................................................. 32 Other selected benefits ......................................................................................................................... 34 Appendixes: A. Regression analysis..........................................................................................................................................36 B. Scope and method of survey......................................................................................................................... 39 C. Occupational descriptions ..............................................................................................................................42 vi Nonferrous Foundries, May 1975 Establishments employing nearly nine-tenths of the produc tion workers within the scope of the survey operated pri marily on a job or order basis. Therefore, the castings pro duced varied considerably by size and shape, type of metal, and amount of finishing and fabrication required. The method used to cast nonferrous metals depends on the metal, the size and shape of the product, and the volume of items to be produced. Individual establishments, how ever, usually employ only one casting method. Such estab lishments accounted for nearly seven-tenths of the produc tion workers covered by the survey. Summary Straight-time earnings of production and related workers in nonferrous foundries averaged $4.45 an hour in May 1975. Over four-fifths of the 54,432 production workers (mostly men) covered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics survey1 earned between $3 and $6 an hour; the middle 50 percent of the workers in the array had earnings between $3.62 and $5.15 an hour. One-half of the members of the work force were in the Great Lakes region and averaged $4.62 an hour. Averages in the other five regions for which data were tabulated separately ranged from $3.83 in the Middle West to $4.62 in the Southeast. Data were tabulated separately for three types of found ries, based on the primary casting method.12 Nationwide, workers in plants using primarily the die-casting process— nearly one-half of the work force covered by the surveyaveraged $4.54 an hour; those in sand-casting plants, $4.38; and workers in permanent-mold plants, $4.47. Employment by type of foundry varied considerably among the regions. Among the occupations selected for separate study, aver ages ranged from $3.71 for general foundry laborers and sprue-cutting press operators to $6.82 for wood pattern makers. Chippers and grinders, numerically the most impor tant group surveyed, averaged $4.08 an hour. Nearly all establishments provided paid holidays and paid vacations. Vacation provisions applying to a large majority of the production workers were: 1 week’s vacation pay after 1 year of service, at least 2 weeks’ after 3 years, and 3 weeks’ or more after 10 years. Various health and insurance benefits were also available to a large majority of the production workers. Diecasting was the principal forming method in foundries employing almost one-half of the workers. This is a machine process in which molten metal is forced under high pressure into steel dies from which the resulting castings are auto matically ejected. It is particularly adaptable for producing a large quantity of identical items. Aluminum and zinc were the metals most commonly used in this casting process; lead, bronze, and copper were infrequently used. About one-fifth of the workers in this industry branch were in establish ments employing a secondary method of casting, generally the permanent-mold method. Sand casting was the chief process of establishments employing nearly two-fifths of the workers. In this method, sand is packed in a container (flask) around a pattern of the object to be cast; the pattern is then removed and molten metal is poured into the mold cavity and allowed to cool to form the desired shape. The sand mold can be used only once. Aluminum and copper—the latter including brass and bronze—were the most common metals used. About threetenths of the workers in this branch of the industry were in foundries also employing the permanent-mold casting method; almost one-tenth were in foundries using other secondary casting methods. Industry characteristics Products of nonferrous foundries— castings of nonferrous metals and alloys—are, to a very large extent, produced for other manufacturers rather than for direct sales to the ultimate consumer. Automobile and automotive parts manufacturers are the chief customers. Many other manufacturers, however, are served by these foundries. Products of nonferrous foundries are usually determined by the precise requirements of the customer. P r o d u c ts a n d p ro c e ss e s. Permanent-mold casting was the principal method used by establishments employing slightly less than one-tenth of the workers. In this method, molten metal is induced into metal molds (which may be used repeatedly) either by force of gravity or by centrifugal force. Aluminum was most commonly used in this method. About one-fifth of the workers in this branch were in foundries also manufactur ing sand castings, and another one-tenth were in foundries producing some die-cast items. Only 6 percent of the production workers worked in foundries which did not use one of the three major casting methods. 1See appendix B for scope and method o f survey, and also for definition o f terms as used in this study. 2 Data for establishments primarily using other casting methods are included in the all-nonferrous-foundry estimate. 1 Text table 1. Regional distribution of production workers by primary method of casting t r e n d s . Production worker employment in nonferrous foundries (54,432 in May 1975)3 had declined 12 percent since mid-1970, when the Bureau’s last survey of the industry was conducted.4 Employment fell by 10 percent in die casting plants, by 12 percent in sand casting establishments, and by 25 percent in permanent-mold cast ing foundries. Regionally, the number of workers declined sharply in New England (35 percent), and in the Middle Atlantic (21 percent) and Great Lakes States (14 percent). Employment rose only moderately in the Southeast (9 per cent) and the Middle West (3 percent). Employment in the Pacific region remained relatively constant between 1970 and 1975. E m p lo y m e n t Percent o f workers in: Region A ll establishments Die casting Sand casting Permanentm old casting U nited States1 . 100 100 100 100 New E n g lan d . . M iddle A tla n tic Southeast. . . . Great Lakes . . M iddle West . . Pacific................. 4 19 6 49 5 10 2 16 8 55 5 8 7 19 4 40 8 14 — 16 — 62 4 5 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. In May 1975, the Great Lakes region employed one-half of the production workers; the Middle Atlantic States, just under one-fifth; and the Pacific region, onetenth. Each of the remaining regions accounted for less than one-tenth of total employment. Text table 1 presents the distribution by region of all production workers, and of production workers classified according to major casting method used. Three-fourths of all workers were employed in metro politan areas.5 Among the regions for which separate data are presented, the proportions ranged from two-fifths in the Southeast to virtually all in the Pacific region. The eight metropolitan areas studied separately accounted for threetenths of all production workers. As indicated in text table 2 , the distribution of production workers in establishments classified according to the predominent casting method varied considerably among these areas. L o c a tio n . NOTE: Dashes indicate data that do not meet publication crite ria. ployed between 100 and 249 workers. None had as many as 2,500 workers. Foundries with 100 workers or more however, accounted for about one-half of the industry’s work force, and for at least the majority of the workers in the Middle Atlantic, Southeast, Great Lakes, and Middle West regions. Among the eight metropolitan areas studied separately, the proportion of workers employed in shops with 100 workers or more varied widely. Percent o f p ro d u ctio n workers in plants em ploying 100 o r m ore C h ic ag o ................................................................................ 33 C lev elan d .............................................................................6 8 D e t r o i t ................................................................................ 3 8 Los Angeles-Long B e a c h ...............................................25 M ilw a u k e e ......................................................................... 6 9 N e w a r k ................................................................................ 52 N ew Y o r k ......................................................................... 25 P h ila d e lp h ia ...................................................................... 76 s i z e . Nonferrous foundries are predomi nantly small establishments. Three-fourths of the 1,286 foundries estimated to be within the scope of the survey had fewer than 50 workers; one-sixth employed between 50 and 99 workers; and slightly less than one-tenth em- E s ta b lis h m e n t Text table 2. Distribution of production workers by method of casting in selected metropolitan areas 3 The estimate o f the number o f production workers within scope o f the study is intended only as a general guide to the size and com position o f the labor force included in the survey. It differs from the number published in the m onthly series (59,600 in May 1975) by the exclusion o f establishments employing fewer than eight workers, and by the fact that the advance planning necessary to make the survey requires the use o f lists o f establishments assembled consider ably in advance o f data collection. Thus, establishments new to the industry are om itted, as are establishments originally classified as nonferrous foundries, but found to be in other industries at the time o f the survey. Also omitted are establishments casting nonferrous metals products, but classified incorrectly in other industries at the time the lists were compiled. 4 See Industry Wage Survey: Nonferrous Foundries, June 1970, BLS Bulletin 1726 (1972). Since the May 1975 study, employment has risen steadily in the industry, up 15 percent, according to pro duction worker counts in the Bureau’s Employment and Earnings series as o f September 1976. 5Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, as defined by the U.S. Office o f Management and Budget through February 1974. M etro po litan area C h ic ag o .............. Cleveland . . . . D e t r o i t .............. Los AngelesLong Beach. . M ilw aukee . . . N e w a r k .............. N ew Y o rk . . . Philadelphia . . N um ber o f production w orkers1 Percent o f workers in: Die casting Sand casting Permanentm old casting 3 ,1 6 3 2,161 1,441 73 46 82 25 20 11 29 3 ,7 6 8 1,7 13 1,291 1,3 0 8 1 ,5 8 5 43 27 40 31 40 55 53 19 18 29 _ — 2 17 — 13 24 1 May include workers in establishments using primary casting methods other than those shown separately. NOTE: Dashes indicate data that do not meet publication crite ria. 2 U n i o n c o n t r a c t c o v e r a g e . Nearly three-fifths of the indus try’s production workers were in establishments in which collective bargaining agreements covered a majority of the production workers. In regions for which data can be pub lished, the proportions of workers in such foundries were: Two-thirds in the Great Lakes, three-fifths in the Middle Atlantic, about one-half in the Southeast and Middle West, two-fifths in the Pacific, and one-third in New England. The following tabulation illustrates the degree of unionization estimated in each of the eight metropolitan areas studied separately: ings rose 39 percent in die-casting plants, 38 percent in sand-casting foundries, and 34 percent in permanent-mold foundries. National averages in May 1975 were higher in nonmetro politan areas than in metropolitan areas ($4.64 and $4.38, respectively). This general relationship held in the Middle Atlantic, Southeast, Great Lakes, and Pacific regions, which together employed more than four-fifths of the work force. In the two other regions permitting comparison, New Eng land and the Middle West, average wages in metropolitan areas exceeded those in nonmetropolitan areas by 5 percent and 21 percent, respectively. Data for eight metropolitan areas are presented separately in tables 12 through 19. Average earnings for the four metropolitan areas in the Great Lakes region ranged from $4.40 an hour in Detroit to $4.85 in Milwaukee. In the other four metropolitan areas, average earnings ranged from $3.93 in Los Angeles-Long Beach to $4.85 in Philadelphia. Among the three major methods of production studied separately, little wage variation was found nationwide—only a 4-percent difference between the highest paying die-casting foundries and the lowest paying sand-casting foundries. As illustrated in text table 3, however, no one type of foundry was consistently highest paying or lowest paying for the regions permitting comparison. Employees in establishments with 250 workers or more averaged $5.27 an hour—$1.02, or 24 percent more than workers in foundries with 100 to 249 workers, and $1.21, or 30 percent more than those in plants with 8 to 99 work ers. This general pattern held in three of the four regions where comparisons could be made. In the Southeast, the average for workers in shops with 8 to 99 workers ex ceeded that for workers in plants of 100 to 249 workers by 31 cents, or 9 percent and in the Pacific coast region, by 24 cents, or 6 percent. Workers in establishments having union contracts aver aged 18 percent more than workers in establishments not having such contracts ($4.75 compared with $4.04). Among the six regions permitting comparisons, workers in union plants averaged from 6 percent (Great Lakes) to 57 percent (Southeast) more than workers in nonunion plants. Percent o f p ro d u ctio n workers em ployed in plants w ith a m a jo rity o f workers covered b y union agreements C hicago......................................................................... 6 0 -7 0 C levelan d......................................................................7 0 -80 D e t r o i t ......................................................................... 7 0 -80 Los Angeles-Long B e a c h ........................................ 10-20 8 0 -9 0 M ilw a u k e e .......................... N e w a r k .........................................................................4 0 -5 0 N ew Y o r k .................................................................. 5 0 -6 0 P h ila d e lp h ia ............................................................... 7 0 -80 Four-fifths of all workers were paid on a time-rate basis. (See table 20.) In all regions ex cept New England, formal wage payment plans applied to a majority of the workers. In New England, individual rates were paid as often as formal wage plans. Regionally, the largest proportion of workers under incentive wage systems was found in the Middle Atlantic (26 percent), New Eng land (23 percent), and Great Lakes (22 .percent). Occupa tions for which a substantial proportion of workers (more than one-fourth) were paid under incentive plans included die casting machine operators (both setup and operate and operate only), permanent mold machine operators, metal polishers and buffers, and polishing and buffing machine operators. M e th o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t. Average hourly earnings Straight-time earnings of the 54,432 production and related workers covered by the study averaged $4.45 an hour in May 1975.67(See table 1.) Regionally, wage levels ranged from $3.83 in the Middle West to $4.62 in the Great Lakes and Southeast. Wage levels in New England ($4.03) and the Pacific region ($4.38) fell below the national mean, while the average for the Middle Atlantic ($4.59) was above the U.S. average. The $4.45 nationwide average was 38 percent above the $3.23 level recorded in the June 1970 study. Average earn Text table 3. Average hourly earnings by primary method of casting and region Region 6 The straight-time average hourly earnings in this bulletin differ in concept from the gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau’s monthly hours and earnings series ($4.81 in May 1975). Unlike the latter, the estimates presented here exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Average earnings were calculated by summing individual hourly earn ings and dividing by the number o f individuals; in the monthly series, the sum o f the hours reported by establishments in the industry was divided into the reported payroll totals. 7Op. cit., BLS Bulletin 1726. 3 Die-casting plants Sand-casting plants U nited States1 .............. $ 4 .5 4 $ 4 .3 8 New E ng land.................... Middle A t l a n t i c .............. S outheast........................... Great L a k e s .................... Middle W e s t .................... Pacific.................................. 4 .0 8 5 .0 5 5 .0 2 4 .5 8 3 .4 8 4 .2 4 4 .0 5 4.21 3 .8 8 4 .7 7 4 .0 8 4 .4 2 Permanent mold-casting plants $ 4 .4 7 _ 4 .6 8 — 4 .6 6 3 .9 6 4 .8 6 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. N O T E : Dashes indicate data that do not meet publication criteria. The basic survey tabulations did not attempt to isolate and measure any of the preceding characteristics as individual determinants of wage levels. Characteristics associated with higher pay levels in this industry, such as coverage by union agreement and location in the Great Lakes States, are highly interrelated. Appendix A of this bulletin, however, presents a brief technical note on the results of a multiple regression in which the effects of individual variables were isolated to a measurable degree. In several cases, there were marked differences between the average earnings differentials pro duced by cross-tabulation—simple regression (as discussed in this section of the report)—and those derived from multi ple regression. For example, workers in union plants averaged 71 cents an hour more than those in nonunion foundries, but apparently only slightly more than half (39 cents) of this differential can be attributed solely to unionization. (See tables A-l and A-2). Individual earnings varied widely, with about 8 percent of the workers earning less than $3 an hour and 11 percent earning $6 or more. (See table 2) Workers in the middle half of the array earned between $3.62 and $5.15 an hour. Regionally, the proportions earning less than $3 an hour ranged from 4 percent in the Great Lakes to 16 percent in the Middle West. Table 3 presents the distribution of indi vidual earnings by the three major methods; earnings of the middle half of workers in die-casting plants fell between $3.57 and $5.45, between $3.66 and $4.95 in sand-casting foundries, and between $3.83 and $4.99 in permanent-mold casting foundries. Indexes of relative dispersion (the middle range divided by the median) show a wider spread of earn ings in die-casting foundries than in those producing sand or permanent-mold castings. Text table 4. Average hourly earnings by primary method of casting and occupation Occupation Chippers and grinders . . Furnace te n d e rs .............. inspectors, class B . . . . Inspectors, class C . . . . Laborers, m aterial h a n d lin g ........................ Maintenance workers, general u t i l i t y .............. Permanent m oldm achine operators. . . Pourers, m e t a l ................. Tool and die makers. . . Sand-casting plants Permanent mold-casting plants $ 4 .1 7 4 .5 9 4 .6 6 4 .6 2 $4.11 4 .2 9 4 .7 4 4 .4 2 $ 4 .2 8 4 .3 9 4 .7 5 4 .1 3 4.01 4 .0 2 3 .8 7 4 .6 6 4 .5 9 4 .7 2 5 .8 9 4 .6 2 6 .2 6 5 .2 9 4 .4 8 6 .3 9 4 .2 6 4 .7 0 5 .5 2 and for machine molders and $4.64 for hand-bench molders. Among the 19 occupations for which data could be pre sented for all regions shown in table 4, earnings were gener ally highest in the Great Lakes region, and lowest in the Southeast. The highest regional averages exceeded the lowest by 20 to 40 percent in most of these jobs. Occupational earnings data are provided separately for the three major types of foundries in tables 9, 10, and 11. Many of the occupations studied—with the notable excep tion of those directly related to the casting process— were common to all types of establishments. Text table 4 shows no discernable pattern of pay rela tionships by type of foundry for jobs found in all three pro duction methods. Differences in nationwide job averages by type of foundry reflect, to some extent, differences in re gional composition of the three industry branches. For example, more than three-fifths of the chippers and grinders in permanent-mold foundries were found in the relatively high-paying Great Lakes region, compared with only twofifths of those in sand-casting foundries. Occupational earnings data were also tabulated by size of establishment, by size of community, by labor-manage ment contract coverage, and by method of wage payment. (See tables 5-8.) Earnings of individual workers usually varied considerably within the same job and metropolitan area. (See tables 12-19.) In many instances, hourly earnings of the highestpaid workers exceeded those of the lowest-paid workers in the same job and area by more than $2 an hour. Thus, some workers in comparatively low-paid jobs (as measured by the average for all workers) earned more than some workers in jobs for which significantly higher average earnings were recorded. Occupational earnings The 36 occupations for which average hourly earnings are presented in table 4 accounted for slightly more than three-fifths of the 54,432 production workers in establish ments within the scope of the survey. Men constituted at least 95 percent of the workers in 26 of the categories. Women made up about one-half of the packers, two-fifths of the class C inspectors, one-third of the sprue-cutting press operators, core assemblers, and finishers, and onefourth of the filers (light). Nationwide averages ranged from $6.82 for wood patternmakers to $3.71 for general foundry laborers and sprue-cutting press operators. Occupations with averageearnings over $5.50 included: Millwrights ($6.35), tool and die makers ($6.23), maintenance electricians ($5.99), and maintenance mechanics ($5.76). Chippers and grinders, numerically the most important job surveyed, averaged $4.08 an hour. Approximately 5,200 workers tended die casting machines; workers who only are required to set up these machines averaged $5.02, compared with $4.61 for those who operate or set up and operate them. Earnings of the 3,800 molders in the survey averaged $4.76 for floor Die-casting plants Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Data were also obtained on shift differentials for produc tion workers, work schedules, and selected supplementary benefits such as paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and retirement plans for production and office workers. 4 , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s . A large majority of the production and office workers were provided the following types of insurance financed at least in part by the em ployer: Life, hospitalization, surgical, basic and major medical, sickness and accident, and accidental death and dismemberment. (See table 26.) Slightly more, than one-half of the office workers were covered by sick leave plans; such benefits rarely applied to production workers. The incidence of these benefits varied by region. Major medical plans, for example, covered more than nine-tenths of the production workers in the Pacific and Border States, compared with about two-thirds in Southeast and Great Lakes. Pension plans, providing regular payments for the re mainder of the retiree’s life (in addition to Federal social security), were recorded in establishments employing twothirds of the production and seven-tenths of the office workers. Among the regions, the proportions of plant work ers covered by pension plans ranged from slightly less than four-fifths in the Border States to slightly more than twofifths in the Pacific region. Plans providing a lump-sum pay ment at retirement applied to less than one-tenth of the workers. In some instances, retirees were provided certain insur ance benefits which were at least partly financed by their former employers. About one-third each of the production workers and office workers were in foundries extending life insurance, usually on a reduced basis, to retirees. Hos pitalization, basic medical and surgical insurance, providing at least some coverage during retirement, applied to about three-tenths of the workers in each group. The incidence of such provisions varied substantially by region. (See table 27.) Weekly work schedules of 40 hours were in effect in foundries employing 95 percent of the production workers in May 1975. (See table 21.) Among the selected regions, the Southwest had the greatest propor tion working longer schedules—14 percent. For office work ers, 40-hour schedules were predominant in each region, with shorter schedules applying to about 30 percent of the workers in the Middle Atlantic States and 14 percent of those in New England. H e a lth S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u rs. A large majority of the production workers were in foundries having formal provisions for late shifts. (See table 22.) Eighteen percent of the workers were actually employed on second shifts at the time of the study ; they usually received 10 cents an hour above day shift rates. About 4 percent were employed on third shifts. (See table 23.) S h i f t d if f e r e n tia l p r o v is io n s a n d p r a c tic e s . Virtually all production and office workers were employed in establishments providing paid holidays, usually 8 to 12 annually. (See table 24.) Holiday provisions varied widely among and within regions. For example, most production workers in the Southwest usually received 8 days, compared with 11 days in the Middle Atlantic States, and 14 days in the Southeast. No more than 50 percent of the production workers in any region received the same number of holidays. Similar patterns were noted for office workers. P a id h o lid a y s . Nearly all production and office workers re ceived paid vacations after qualifying periods of service. (See table 25.) Vacation provisions applying to a large majority of the production workers were: 1 week’s vacation pay after 1 year of service, at least 2 weeks’ after 3 years, and 3 weeks’ or more after 10 years. Four weeks’vacation pay or more after 20 years of service was available to three-fifths of the workers. Vacations were slightly more liberal for office workers. For both groups, substantial differences were found from region to region. For example, after 20 years, more than seven-tenths of the production workers in the Great Lakes region could receive at least 4 weeks of vacation pay; in the Southwest region, the corresponding proportion was about one-eighth. P a id v a c a tio n s . O t h e r s e l e c t e d b e n e f i t s . Provisions for pay continuation while attending funerals of relatives or while serving as a juror applied to about seven-tenths of the production work ers and to similar proportions of the office workers. Pay for separation from work because of technological changes or plant closings was available to nearly one-tenth of the pro duction workers and to about one-eighth of the office workers. Provisions for unemployment payments in addi tion to State benefits applied to about one-eighth of the production workers, but rarely to office personnel. Costof-living pay adjustments applied to one-third of the pro duction workers compared with one-fifth of the office workers. (See table 27.) 5 Table 1. Average hourly earnings: By selected characteristics (Num ber and average straight-time hourly earnings1 o f production workers in nonferrous foundries by selected characteristics, United States and selected regions, M ay 1975) United States2 Itefn Number of workers Average hourly earnings New England Middle Atlantic Southeast Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Number Average hourly of workers earnings Number ' Average hourly of workers earnings Number Average hourly of workers earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings $ 4 .0 3 1 0,261 4 .1 4 9 ,3 7 7 2 .8 7 884 $ 4 .5 9 4 .6 8 3 .6 7 3 ,1 2 1 2 ,8 3 9 282 $ 4 .6 2 4 .8 1 2 .7 4 2 6 ,5 4 8 2 3 ,0 1 3 3 ,5 3 5 $ 4 .6 2 4 .7 2 3 .9 8 2 ,9 6 6 2 ,4 4 6 520 $ 3 .8 3 4 .0 1 3 .0 0 5 ,5 0 3 5 ,2 9 1 212 $ 4 .3 8 4 .4 1 3 .6 9 Number Average hourly of workers earnings ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS.............................. HEM......................................................... ........... NOHEN................................................................ 5 4 ,4 3 2 4 8 , 165 6 ,2 6 7 $ 4 .4 5 4 .5 5 3 .6 6 2 ,2 4 0 2 ,0 4 2 198 HAJOB HETHOD OF PRODUCTION: D IE CASTING................................................. SAND CASTING............................................... PERMANENT-HOLD CASTING...................... 2 6 ,3 5 4 2 0 , 843 3 ,9 7 4 4 .5 4 4 .3 8 4 .4 7 588 1 ,4 6 2 “ 4 .0 8 4 .0 5 ~ 4 ,3 4 7 4 ,0 0 3 626 5 .0 5 4 .2 1 4 .6 8 2 ,1 0 9 902 5 .0 2 3 .8 8 1 4 ,3 9 5 8 ,3 0 1 2 ,4 5 6 4 .5 8 4 .7 7 4 .6 6 1 ,2 0 9 1 ,6 1 4 3 .4 8 4 .0 8 2 ,0 7 0 2 ,9 8 1 188 4 .2 4 4 .4 2 4 .8 6 SIZE OF COHHUNITT: , HETROPOLITAN AREAS.3. . . . . , ............... NONMETROPOLITAN AREAS......................... 4 1 ,0 7 4 1 3 ,3 5 8 4 .3 8 4 .6 4 1 ,9 0 4 336 4 .0 6 3 .8 5 8 ,3 0 6 1 ,9 5 5 4 .4 4 5 .2 4 1 ,3 1 8 3 .6 2 “ 19,941 6 ,6 0 7 4 .5 9 4 .7 0 1 ,3 5 0 1 ,* 1 6 4 .2 2 3 .5 0 5 ,2 8 6 4 .3 6 SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENT: 8 -9 9 WORKBBS............................................... 1 0 0 -2 4 9 WORKERS........................................ 250 WORKERS OR HCBE.............................. 2 5 ,8 0 0 13 ,4 3 1 1 5 ,201 4 .0 6 4 .2 5 5 .2 7 1 ,1 8 4 1 ,0 5 6 3 .8 4 4 .2 5 ~ 4 ,7 1 8 1 ,6 5 2 3 ,8 9 1 4 .0 1 4 .5 3 5 .3 2 1,361 639 ~ 3 .6 6 3 .3 5 10,601 6 ,6 6 5 9 ,2 8 2 4 .1 8 4 .4 6 5 .2 4 1 ,4 3 8 1 ,1 7 4 ” 3 .6 0 3 .9 9 “ 4 ,4 1 7 1 ,0 8 6 4 .4 3 4 .1 9 LABOR-HANAGEMENT CONTRACTS: ESTABLISHMENTS WITH— MAJORITY OF WORKERS COVERED.......... NONE OR MINORITY OF WORKERS COVERED......................................................... 3 0 ,7 8 0 4 .7 5 744 4 .5 2 6 ,4 6 4 4 .8 9 - 17,331 4 .7 2 1 ,3 8 8 4 .1 6 2 ,1 4 9 5 .0 1 2 3 ,6 5 2 4 .0 4 1 ,4 9 6 3 .7 8 3 ,7 9 7 4 .0 8 1 ,4 8 2 9 ,2 1 7 4 .4 4 1 ,5 7 8 3 .5 4 3 ,3 5 4 3 .9 7 — 3 .5 5 — 1Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3The term "Metropolitan Area," as used in this study, refers to Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through February 1974. NOTE: Dashes indicate.no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. Table 2. Earnings distribution: All establishments (Percent distribution of production workers in nonferrous foundries by average straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions, M ay 1975) United States1 *3 Average hourly earnings1 Total Men Women New England Middle Atlantic Southeast Great Lakes Middle West Pacific NUMBER OP WORKERS............... ................... AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS.1.................. 5 4 ,4 3 2 $ 4 .4 5 4 8 ,1 6 5 $ 4 .5 5 6 ,2 6 7 $ 3 .6 6 2 ,2 4 0 $ 4 .0 3 1 0 ,2 6 1 $ 4 .5 9 3 ,1 2 1 $ 4 . 62 2 6 ,5 4 8 $ 4 .6 2 2 ,9 6 6 $ 3 .8 3 5 ,5 0 3 $ 4 .3 8 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 _ (3) _ TOTAL................................................... 1 0 0 .0 UNDER $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .1 0 ................................................. AHD UNDER $ 2 .2 0 ......................... AHD UNDER $ 2 .3 0 ......................... AHD UNDER $ 2 . 4 0 ......................... AND UNDER $ 2 .5 0 ......................... (3) 0 .2 .4 .3 .4 (3 ) (3) ' 0 .3 .3 .4 1 .5 1 .0 .9 1. 1 _ 1 .2 1 .6 1 .4 .8 0 .1 .2 .1 .2 1.1 .3 .9 .6 0 .1 .1 .2 0 .9 .8 .3 .4 _ 0 .1 .3 .9 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 2 .6 0 ......................... $ 2 .7 0 ......................... $ 2 .8 0 ......................... $ 2 .9 0 ......................... $ 3 .0 0 ......................... 1 .2 1 .0 1 .3 1 -5 1 .4 1. 1 .6 1 .1 1 .1 1. 1 2 .2 4 .3 2 .6 4 .2 3 .4 1 .3 2 .6 1 .2 2 .6 2 .2 .7 .8 1 .1 1 .0 .9 2 .6 2 .3 2 .7 3 .1 1 .6 .5 .2 .5 1 .0 .9 2 .2 3 .5 2 .1 2 .7 2 .7 3 .2 1 .3 2 .4 1 .2 2 .3 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 3 .1 0 ......................... $ 3 .2 0 ......................... $ 3 .3 0 ......................... $ 3 .4 0 ......................... $ 3 .5 0 ......................... 3 .0 2 .2 2 .8 2 .5 2 .3 2 .4 1 .9 2 .7 2 .4 2 .1 7 .3 4 .4 4 .2 3 .1 3 .6 3 .3 2 .2 5 .3 2 .8 4. 1 2 .2 1 .2 1 .9 2 .1 1 .8 4 .4 2 .4 5 .8 4 .1 3 .7 1.1 1 .9 1.9 2 .4 1 .8 6 .9 3 .4 4 .9 2 .0 2 .6 4 .0 1 .6 3 .6 .9 2 .6 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 - AND AND AND AHD AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 3 .6 0 ......................... $ 3 .7 0 ......................... $ 3 .8 0 ......................... $ 3 .9 0 ......................... $ 4 .0 0 ......................... 3 .8 2 .9 3 .5 3 .8 3 .2 3 .6 2 .9 3 .4 3 .2 3 .1 5 .4 3 .3 4 .3 8 .6 4 .7 3 .9 2. 1 2 .8 5 .3 3 .7 3 .3 3 .5 2 .9 4 .9 4 .0 3 .7 1 .2 3 .0 1 .2 1 .0 3 .7 2 .5 3 .8 4 .2 3 .0 3 .1 5 .3 6 .1 3 .6 3 .1 4 .7 1 .7 2 .9 2 .8 4 .4 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 4 .1 0 .................., . . $ 4 .2 0 ......................... $ 4 .3 0 ......................... $ 4 .4 0 ......................... $ 4 .5 0 ......................... 3 .9 3 .2 4 .2 3 .5 3 .3 3 .6 3 .5 4 .4 3 .5 3 .5 5 .6 1 .1 3 .1 3 .1 2 .3 2 .4 6 .9 4 .7 2 .9 2 .5 5 .0 3 .9 3 .1 4 .2 3 .3 3 .1 1 .9 3 .2 1 .7 .8 3 .4 3 .2 4 .5 3 .8 4 .0 7 .0 3 .8 9 .3 2 .7 2 .2 3 .8 1 .5 3 .2 3 .8 3 .0 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 4 .6 0 ......................... $ 4 .7 0 ......................... $ 4 . 8 0 ......................... $ 4 .9 0 ......................... $ 5 .0 0 ........................ 3 .6 4 .4 3 .8 2 .6 2 .1 3 .9 4 .4 4 .2 2 .8 2 .3 1 .6 4 .4 1 .0 1 .0 1 .1 3 .7 1 .6 2 .3 3 .0 2 .4 3 .4 6 .5 3 .3 2 .9 2 .1 1 .7 .6 1 .2 .5 .5 4 .2 4 .7 5 .0 3 .3 2 .1 1 .8 3 .0 4 .1 .7 2 .3 3 .7 4 .1 3 .3 2 .3 3 .7 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .1 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .3 0 $ 5 .4 0 AHD AHD AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 5 .1 0 ......................... $ 5 .2 0 ......................... $ 5 . 3 0 ......................... $ 5 .4 0 ......................... $ 5 .5 0 ......................... 1 .7 1 .9 2 .2 1 .5 1 .1 1 .8 2 .1 2 .4 1 .7 1 .3 .5 .3 .3 .3 .3 3 .2 1 .9 1 .3 .3 1 .4 1 -2 2 .1 1 .6 1 .9 .8 .9 . 1 .1 .1 .4 1.8 2 .4 2 .9 2 .0 1 .4 1 .3 .9 .4 .3 .3 2 .7 2 .0 3 .4 1 .5 1 .6 $ 5 .5 0 $ 5 .6 0 $ 5 .7 0 $ 5 .8 0 $ 5 .9 0 AND AND AND AND AND UNDBR UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 5 .6 0 ........................ $ 5 .7 0 ......................... $ 5 .8 0 ......................... $ 5 .9 0 .......... - ........... $ 6 .0 0 ......................... 1 .8 1 .7 1 .4 1 .9 1 .4 1 .9 1 .9 1 .5 2 .1 1 .3 .7 .1 .2 .2 2 .1 1 .3 1 .7 1 .5 1 .2 .7 1 .0 1 .4 1 .3 1 .2 1 .1 (3) .6 .3 1 .5 2 .9 2 .4 1 .8 3 .0 1 .8 .4 .2 .4 .4 .1 .8 .5 .8 1 .3 1 .5 $ 6 .0 0 $ 6 .2 0 $ 6 .4 0 $ 6 .6 0 $ 6 .8 0 AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER $ 6 .2 0 ......................... $ 6 .4 0 ......................... $ 6 .6 0 ......................... $ 6 .8 0 ......................... $ 7 .0 0 ......................... 4 .3 2 .1 .9 .5 .4 4 .8 2 .3 1 .0 .5 .4 .3 .2 .2 (3) .1 1 .6 .2 .2 .1 . 1 6 .2 3 .3 1 .8 .4 .3 1 4 .0 9 .3 1 .2 1 .2 3 .8 1 .5 .9 .5 .4 .3 .1 .1 .1 4 .2 1 .5 1 .0 .9 .9 $ 7 .0 0 $ 7 .2 0 $ 7 .4 0 $ 7 .6 0 $ 7 .8 0 AND AHD AND AND AND UNDER UNDER UNDBR UNDER UNDER $ 7 . 2 0 ......................... $ 7 .4 0 ......................... $ 7 .6 0 ......................... $ 7 .8 0 ......................... $ 8 .0 0 ......................... .3 .6 .9 .5 .1 .3 .6 1 .0 .6 .1 (3) .1 <*) .3 .7 1 .6 .6 .1 .1 1 .9 4 .1 2 .5 .2 .3 .6 .7 .5 (3) .1 (3) .1 .4 .3 .2 . 1 .4 $ 8 .0 0 AND OVER.......................................... .5 .5 - .3 .6 .5 < - .3 1Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 31ncludes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Less than 0.05 percent. N O T E : Because o f rounding, sums o f individual items m ay not equal 100. i - <3> _ .2_ • (}) .7 _ 1 .1 Table 3. Earnings distribution: By method of production (Percent distribution o f production workers in nonferrous foundries by average straight-time hourly earnings,1 and major method of production, United States and selected regions, May 1975) Sand casting Die casting Average hourly earnings1 - Permanent-mold casting United States1 23 Middle Atlantic South east Great Lakes Middle West Pacific United States2 Middle Atlantic Great Lakes Middle West Pacific United States2 IUHBBR OF WORKERS................................... AVERAGE HOURLY EARHIMGS.................... 2 6 ,3 5 4 $ 4 .5 4 4 ,3 4 7 $ 5 .0 5 2 ,1 0 9 $ 5 .0 2 14 ,3 9 5 $ 4 .5 8 1 ,2 0 9 $ 3 .4 8 2 ,0 7 0 $ 4 .2 4 2 0 ,8 4 3 $ 4 .3 8 4 ,0 0 3 $ 4 .2 1 8 ,3 0 1 $ 4 .7 7 1 ,6 1 4 $ 4 .0 8 2 ,9 8 1 $ 4 .4 2 3 ,9 7 4 $ 4 .4 7 2 ,4 5 6 $ 4 .6 6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 00 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Great Lakes TOTAL.................................................... 1 0 0 .0 ORDER $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 . 1 0 .................................................. A ID UMDER $ 2 . 2 0 ......................... A ID UIDER $ 2 .3 0 ......................... A ID UMDBR $ 2 .4 0 ......................... A ID UIDER $ 2 . 5 0 ......................... 0 .2 . 1 .3 .5 _ _ 0. 1 .1 .3 1 .4 .4 1.1 .7 (3) 0 .1 .2 0 .7 .7 .7 .6 0 .3 .3 1 .9 0 .1 .6 .3 .2 0 .1 .5 .2 .1 0 .2 .2 . 1 1 .1 1 .0 .2 0 .1 .2 0 .5 .7 1 .3 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 A ID A ID A ID A ID AID UIDER UIDER UIDER UIDER UIDER $ 2 . 6 0 ......................... $ 2 . 7 0 ......................... $ 2 . 8 0 ......................... $ 2 .9 0 ......................... $ 3 .0 0 ......................... 1 .4 1 .3 1 .4 2 .0 1 .6 .7 1 .2 1 .6 1 .5 .6 2 .7 2 .9 2 .0 3 .9 2 .3 .2 .3 .5 1 .6 1 .2 3 .3 8 .5 3 .1 5 .0 4 .8 6 .9 1 .2 2 .6 1 .0 2 .8 1 .2 .6 1 .3 1 .0 1 .2 .7 .5 .8 .9 1. 1 1 .1 .5 .2 .4 1 .5 1 .5 1 .2 1 .4 .9 1 .3 2 .3 1 .4 2 .0 .8 1 .1 1 .6 .7 .6 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 AMD AID A ID AMD A ID UIDER $ 3 .1 0 ......................... UIDER $ 3 . 2 0 ......................... UIDER $ 3 . 3 0 .......................... UIDER $ 3 .4 0 ......................... U ID E R '$ 3 . 5 0 ......................... 3 .2 3 .0 2 .5 2 .9 2 .3 1 .7 .8 1 .3 .9 .8 2 .7 2 .7 6 .0 1 .9 1 .9 1 .0 2 .9 1 .7 3 .7 2 .6 1 2 .4 5 .5 5 .5 2 .7 2 .2 4 .3 2. 3 3 .8 1 .6 3 .5 3 .0 1 .5 3 .2 2 .1 2 .5 2 .5 2 .0 2 .2 2 .3 3 .2 1 .2 .7 1 .5 .7 •4 3 .2 2 .0 4 .7 1 .5 2 .8 3 .9 1 .2 3 .8 .4 2 .1 1 .3 .6 3 .6 1 .9 1 .2 .2 .6 4 .1 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .7 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 3 .9 0 A ID A ID A ID AMD A ID UIDER UIDER UIDER UIDER UIDER $ 3 .6 0 ......................... $ 3 .7 0 ......................... $ 3 . 8 0 ......................... $ 3 . 9 0 ......................... $ 4 . 0 0 . . . ' .................. 3 .2 2 .5 3 .0 3 .8 2 .3 1 .4 3 .2 1 .4 .8 1 .5 2 .8 .9 1 .5 1 .0 .7 3 .7 1 .9 3 .9 5 .0 2 .5 2 .5 2 .3 3 .7 6 .1 2 .6 2 .4 2 .2 2 .4 4 .2 2 .7 4 .1 3 .3 3 .5 3 .6 4 .6 5 .8 5 .3 4 .5 5 .7 5 .8 2. 1 2 .3 1 .8 3 .8 4 .6 2 .8 7 .2 8 .2 .9 3 .2 6 .5 1 .5 3 .4 2 .0 6 .2 3 .4 1. 6 3. 4 2 .5 2 .3 4 .4 1 .9 3 .9 2 .0 1 .7 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .1 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .3 0 $ 4 .4 0 A ID A ID A ID A ID A ID UIDER UIDER UIDER UIDER UIDER $ 4 . 1 0 ......................... $ 4 .2 0 .......................... $ 4 . 3 0 ......................... $ 4 . 4 0 ......................... $ 4 . 5 0 ......................... 3 .4 2 .1 3 .1 2 .8 3 .2 3 .9 2 .0 1 .3 2 .7 2 .5 .9 .6 1 .0 .3 .8 3 .5 2 .5 3 .8 2 .9 4 .1 7 .4 1 .5 1 .1 4 .5 3 .1 3 .8 1 .0 5 .7 4 .4 3 .0 4 .6 4 .4 5 .6 4 .0 3 .1 5 .9 6 .2 4 .3 3 .5 3 .9 3 .8 4 .5 5 .8 5 .6 3 .3 6 .4 5 .2 1 5 .4 .8 1 .7 4 .3 1 .9 1 .6 3 .8 3 .2 2 .7 3 .0 4 .6 3. 0 5 .6 2 .0 1 .9 3 .8 2 .9 5 .7 $ 4 .5 0 $ 4 .6 0 $ 4 .7 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 4 .9 0 A ID A ID A ID A ID A ID UIDER UIDER UIDER UIDER UIDER $ 4 .6 0 ......................... $ 4 . 7 0 ......................... $ 4 . 8 0 ......................... $ 4 . 9 0 ......................... $ 5 . 0 0 ......................... 3 .7 5 .2 2 .4 2 .0 1 ,8 2 .9 9. 2 3 .2 2 .4 2 .0 .7 .2 .1 .3 (3) 5 .0 5 .6 2 .9 2 .5 2 .0 2 .4 .6 1 .7 .7 .6 2 .4 3 .6 2 .5 .6 3 .0 3 .9 3 .5 4 .1 2 .9 2 .5 3 .1 4 .6 3 .3 3 .6 1 .8 4 .3 4 .2 5 .0 3 .4 2 .2 1 .2 4 .8 5 .9 .7 3 .8 4 .8 2 .7 4 .3 3 .2 4 .6 2 .7 3 .2 12. 1 6. 5 3. 1 2 .2 1 7 .2 8 .4 3 .6 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .1 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 5 .3 0 $ 5 .4 0 A ID A ID A ID A ID A ID UIDER UIDER UIDER UIDER UIDBR $ 5 . 1 0 ......................... $ 5 . 2 0 ......................... $ 5 .3 0 ......................... $ 5 .4 0 ......................... $ 5 .5 0 .......................... 1 .4 2 .3 1 .4 2 .1 1 .2 1 .4 2 .0 1 .3 3 .1 1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .1 .5 1 .6 3 .4 1 .5 2 .4 1 .3 1 .3 .2 .3 .5 .1 2 .5 1 .2 2 .4 2 .1 2 .7 2 .0 1 .6 2 .5 1 .1 1.1 1 .1 2 .2 1 .8 1 .2 .6 2 .0 1 .3 4 .1 1 .8 1 .5 1 .5 1 .5 .4 .2 .4 3 .0 2 .8 2 .9 1 .1 2 .0 1 .9 6 .3 -7 1 .2 8 .6 .8 1 .7 $ 5 .5 0 $ 5 .6 0 $ 5 .7 0 $ 5 .8 0 , $ 5 .9 0 A ID A ID A ID A ID A ID UIDER UIDER UIDER UIDER UIDER $ 5 . 6 0 .......................... $ 5 . 7 0 ......................... $ 5 .8 0 .......................... $ 5 .9 0 ......................... $ 6 . 0 0 . . . f t ................ 1 .3 2 .0 1 .7 1 .2 1 .9 1 .1 1 .8 2 .2 1 .7 1 .5 .3 (3) .3 .1 2 .2 1 .7 2 .8 2. 1 1 .4 2 .5 .2 - .8 .4 1 .4 (3) .2 2 .6 1 .3 1.1 3 .1 .9 .8 1 .4 .6 .5 .7 5 .5 1 .7 1 .8 6 .8 .9 .6 .3 •8 .8 .2 .6 .5 .4 .9 2 .2 1 .4 1 .9 1 .1 1 .0 1. 2 1 .9 2 .9 1 -5 1 .3 1 .0 $ 6 .0 0 $ 6 .2 0 $ 6 .4 0 $ 6 .6 0 $ 6 .8 0 A ID A ID A ID A ID A ID UIDER UIDBR UIDBR UIDER UIDBR $ 6 .2 0 .......................... $ 6 . 4 0 ......................... $ 6 . 6 0 ......................... $ 6 . 8 0 .......................... $ 7 .0 0 ......................... 7 .0 3 .2 1 .2 .6 .3 1 3 .2 6 .6 3 .6 .4 .4 2 0 .8 1 3 .5 1 .8 1 .7 (3) 5 .3 1 .6 .8 .5 .3 _ - 2 .7 1 .2 .5 1 .4 1 .1 1.7 1 .0 .7 .4 .5 1 .0 1 .0 .6 .4 .3 1 .4 1 .5 1 .0 .7 .7 .5 .2 .1 4 .9 1 .0 1 .4 .6 .9 2. 1 1 .2 .4 .4 .4 1 .6 1 .0 .4 .4 .6 $ 7 .0 0 $ 7 .2 0 $ 7 .4 0 $ 7 .6 0 $ 7 .8 0 A ID A ID A ID A ID A ID UIDBR UIDER UIDER UIDBR UIDBR $ 7 .2 0 ......................... $ 7 . 4 0 ......................... $ 7 . 6 0 ......................... $ 7 . 8 0 .......................... $ 8 .0 0 .......................... .2 1 .0 1 .5 1 .0 (3) .3 1 .4 3 .6 1 .2 . 1 .1 2 .8 6 .1 3 .7 .2 .8 .6 .9 (3) .4 .3 .4 . 1 .1 .6 .2 .3 ~ .3 .2 .7 .1 .2 .1 $ 8 .0 0 AID OVER.......................................... , 1Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Less than 0.05 percent N O TE : Because o f rounding, sums o f individual items m ay not equal 100. - - . 1 - - • 1. 1 .3 .2 .5 .1 .2 ' .4 .1 .1 .2 - 1 .1 ~ .7 .5 .4 .1 .1 . 1 .1 .1 - .3 .3 .1 .6 - 1 .6 .8 ‘ .3 1 .2 1 .4 .8 .2 .4 - .4 .3 .1 .1 - _ - _ 0 *4 13) 1 .8 1 .5 1 .2 2 .6 1 .1 Table 4. Occupational averages: All establishments (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings' o f workers in selected occupations in nonferrous foundries. United States and selected regions. May 1975) U nited States3 O ccupation and sex1*3 New England Middle A tlantic N umber of w orkers Average hourly earnings 3 ,7 9 3 3 , 466 327 346 318 2 ,0 3 0 1 ,8 3 7 193 1 ,4 1 7 1 ,3 1 1 106 567 392 175 855 830 $ 4 .0 8 4 .1 1 3 .6 9 4 .4 9 4 .6 4 3 .9 4 3 .9 6 3 .7 2 4 .1 7 4 .1 9 3 .8 5 4 .7 8 4 .8 3 4 .6 4 4 .6 2 4 .4 0 177 173 11 5 115 56 52 47 45 54 56 * 3 .7 0 3 .7 2 3 .6 9 3 .6 9 3 .6 0 3 .6 7 3 .7 8 3 .8 3 4 .4 8 5 .0 6 915 774 141 26 26 393 314 496 434 49 33 192 105 * 3 .9 5 3 .9 5 3 .9 5 3 .7 8 3 .7 8 3 .9 4 3 .S 7 3 .9 7 3 .9 4 4 .7 1 5 . 19 4 .2 8 3 .9 9 1 ,2 1 5 4 .6 1 45 3 .9 3 353 3 ,4 1 5 4 .6 1 81 4 .5 9 598 397 297 100 82 68 1 ,8 0 4 635 835 2 ,3 5 4 199 985 744 92 149 382 5 .0 2 4 .0 3 4 .1 3 3 .7 3 4 .5 7 4 .8 5 4 .4 3 4 .7 6 4 .6 4 4 .7 6 6 .8 2 4 .9 4 4 .8 4 4 .2 1 5 .9 0 4 .7 8 14 37 33 34 205 25 - 4 .3 1 4 .1 9 4 .2 7 4 .5 9 4 .6 4 4 .8 7 - 612 481 131 997 206 322 892 190 1 ,5 2 3 987 536 4 .1 3 4 .3 1 3 .4 9 4 .5 1 4 .0 6 3 .9 9 3 .8 4 4 .4 6 3 .7 1 3 .7 5 3 .6 5 74 21 22 38 49 29 4 .1 6 3 .9 0 3 .7 8 3 .5 5 3 .4 6 3 .5 1 336 310 26 720 556 16 4 1 ,6 4 6 985 66 1 4 .8 4 4 .8 7 4 .3 8 4 .5 1 4 .6 8 3 .9 0 4 .2 8 4 .5 3 3 .9 1 8 8 21 20 Number of w orkers Average hourly earnings Num ber of w orkers Average hourly earnings Southeast Great Lakes M iddle West Pacific Average hourly earnings Average hourly earnings N um ber of w orkers 3C 8 275 41 37 171 17 1 96 67 17 12 75 45 * 3 .7 7 3 .8 1 - 607 575 * 3 .9 5 3 .9 5 3 .7 9 3 .8 0 3 .8 9 3 .8 9 3 .5 4 3 .6 1 3 .7 3 3 .7 4 4 .1 5 4 .0 8 26 26 408 376 173 173 67 55 - 4 .0 1 4 .0 1 3 .8 9 3 .8 8 4 .0 8 4 .0 8 _ 124 137 5 .0 3 4 .3 7 52 3 .8 4 173 4 .7 1 82 3 .5 6 282 4 .7 3 23 120 51 12 184 - 4 .3 8 _ 3 .8 8 4 .8 1 5 .0 9 4 .4 8 - 65 _ _ 169 59 120 333 30 118 111 _ _ 4 .7 7 _ _ _ 4 .3 6 5 .3 3 5 .5 6 4 .9 5 8 .1 2 5 .2 5 5 .3 5 4 .0 4 3 .7 5 3 .6 5 3 .5 8 3 .4 9 3 .3 0 - 25 21 58 50 76 36 156 156 3 .3 8 3 .4 2 _ 4 .6 0 3 .4 4 3 .3 3 4 .3 8 3 .1 0 3 .1 0 - 17 15 51 30 25 19 - 4 .4 7 4 .4 9 4 .0 3 4 .2 3 3 .3 3 3 .4 5 28 28 76 66 10 77 35 - 4 .9 8 4 .9 8 4 .4 7 4 .4 5 4 .6 1 3 . 15 3 .3 7 Average hourly earnings N um ber of w orkers Average hourly earnings 119 119 26 26 28 28 65 65 32 27 * 3 .5 2 3 .5 2 3 .7 9 3 .7 9 3 .4 1 3 .4 1 3 .4 7 3 .4 7 3 .5 8 3 .9 0 1 ,4 3 2 1 ,3 5 1 81 197 197 762 692 70 473 462 376 236 140 303 380 * 4 .5 4 4 .5 9 3 .6 3 5 .1 1 5 .1 1 4 .2 C 4 .2 6 3 .6 1 4 .8 4 4 .8 6 5 .1 5 5 .2 9 4 .9 0 5 .1 2 4 .7 1 4 .8 5 20 3 .6 5 477 4 .8 0 447 4 .8 8 377 4 .7 5 1 ,9 7 0 4 .6 1 71 122 92 30 47 342 160 231 365 27 126 21 45 5 .4 7 4 .2 3 4 .5 1 3 .3 8 4 .9 8 4 .3 7 4 .9 4 4 .5 7 4 .6 7 5 .4 7 5 .6 2 5 .7 7 5 .0 1 60 139 59 143 19 - 5 .3 6 4 .9 3 4 .0 8 3 .9 8 6 .4 0 - 343 126 90 863 225 322 933 67 451 340 36 321 5 .0 5 3 .9 7 3 .8 7 4 .6 1 4 .8 4 4 .6 9 5 .1 1 7 .3 1 5 .0 4 4 .9 8 3 .9 7 4 .8 3 41 39 164 36 46 136 26 31 28 - 4 . 17 4 .2 0 4 .5 2 4 .3 7 3 .7 6 4 .0 4 4 .5 6 4 .5 2 4 .6 2 45 17 62 153 121 32 3 .4 7 3 .2 9 3 .1 5 4 .4 1 4 .7 7 3 .0 5 440 334 106 580 105 116 390 80 1 ,0 0 9 555 454 4 .2 6 4 .5 2 3 .4 5 4 .7 2 4 .2 3 4 .7 0 4 .2 3 4 .9 1 3 .7 5 3 .7 7 3 .7 3 42 10 40 111 17 26 - 121 114 91 73 18 380 259 121 4 .6 7 4 .7 3 4 .6 8 4 .8 3 4 .0 8 4 .4 4 4 .6 0 4 .0 9 6 6 9 153 37 3 .9 6 3 .9 6 2 .9 6 4 .7 8 2 .7 5 139 125 14 354 281 73 905 491 414 5 . 12 5 .1 4 4 .9 6 4 .5 7 4 .6 5 4 .2 8 4 .3 5 4 .5 0 4 . 18 N um ber of w orkers Num ber of w orkers PROCESSING: CHIPPEHS AND GRINDERS................................... HEN......................................................................... HOHBN................................................................... CHIPPEHS................................................................ HEN......................................................................... GRINDERS................................................................. HEN......................................................................... HOHBN................................................................... CHIPPEHS AND GRINDERS.............................. HEN......................................................................... HOHBN................................................................... CORE ASSEHBLERS AND FINISHERS.............. HEN......................................................................... HOHBN................................................................... COREHAKERS, HAND................................................ COREHAKERS, HACHINE........................................ DIE-CASTING-HACHINE OPERATORS, (SET-DP AND OPERATE)................................... DIE-CASTING—HACHINE OPERATORS, (OPERATE ONLY)................................................... DIE-CASTING-HACHINE SBT-OP HORKERS...................................................................... FILERS, LIGHT (DIE CASTING)................... HEN........................................................................ HOHBN................................................................... FILERS, HEAVY (DIE CASTING)................... HEN......................................................................... FURNACE TENDERS................................................... HOLDERS, FLOOR...................................................... HOLDERS, HAND, BENCH...................................... HOLDERS, HACHINE................................................ PATTERNHAKERS, HOOD........................................ PERHANENT-HOLD-HACHINE OPERATORS. . . GRAVITY CASTING.............................................. CENTRIFUGAL CASTING................................... COHBINATION OF HETHODS........................... POLISHERS AND BUFFERS, HETAL................ POLISHING- AND BUFFING-HACHIIE OPERATORS................................................................ HEN........................................................................ HOHEN................................................................... POURERS, HETAL...................................................... SAND- OR SHOT-BLAST OPERATORS............. SAND HIXERS, HAND AND HACHINE.............. SHAKEOUT HEN........................................................... SHBLL-HOLD HACHINE OPERATORS................ SPRUE-CUTTING PRESS OPERATORS.............. HEN......................................................................... HOHEN................................................................... 3 .9 8 4 .0 5 - _ _ - INSPECTION AND TESTING: INSPECTORS, CLASS A........................................ HEN......................................................................... HOHEN................................................................... INSPECTORS, CLASS B........................................ HEN................................................................................ HOHEN.......................................................................... INSPECTORS, CLASS C............................................. HEN................................................................................ HOHEN.......................................................................... 13 4 .8 9 4 .8 9 4 .0 0 4 .0 4 2 .9 3 HAINTENANCE: ELECTRICIANS, HAINTENANCE......................... HAINTENANCE HORKERS, GENEFAL U TILITY...................................................................... HECHANICS, HAINTENANCE................................ HILLHRIGHTS.............................................................. TOOL AND DIE HAKERS........................................ _ 290 5 .9 9 10 5 .2 6 53 5 .9 7 1 ,2 4 4 395 162 1 ,3 5 4 4 .6 4 5 .7 6 6 .3 5 6 .2 3 34 23 55 4 .0 8 4 .8 3 5 .3 2 197 76 55 225 4 .5 6 5 .9 5 6 . 15 6 .2 7 54 - 2 ,0 8 2 499 604 306 298 412 112 41 259 599 529 70 3 .7 1 3 .9 6 3 .8 2 4 .1 6 3 .4 7 4 .2 8 4 .1 2 4 .4 1 4 .3 3 4 .6 1 4 .6 9 4 .0 4 60 22 31 20 11 16 9 19 19 3 .3 4 3 . 15 3 .4 3 3 .5 8 3 .1 6 3 .8 5 4 .0 1 3 .8 3 3 .8 3 ~ 645 76 125 90 35 92 33 8 51 10 8 103 3 .5 2 4 . 17 3 .9 6 4 .2 2 3 .3 0 4 . 11 4 .1 3 3 .8 9 4 . 13 4 .6 3 4 .6 6 ~ 158 39 12 19 13 - _ _ 141 5 .9 8 23 4 .7 1 _ 703 166 64 741 4 .7 4 5 .8 6 6 .3 4 6 .1 9 102 10 53 4 .4 7 4 .0 9 5 .0 6 90 14 93 4 .9 7 6 .3 0 7 .1 7 748 295 347 142 205 215 51 22 142 377 319 4 .1 1 4 .0 6 3 .9 4 4 .4 3 3 .6 1 4 .4 3 4 .1 6 4 .8 7 4 .4 5 4 .6 2 4 .7 4 ~ 51 13 12 12 18 6 8 19 19 3 .8 4 3 .6 3 3 .7 6 3 .7 6 4 .0 4 3 .8 6 4 .0 9 3 .7 1 3 .7 1 " 310 18 28 19 27 23 21 18 " 3 .6 5 4 .9 1 3 .6 6 3 .5 4 4 .8 3 4 .8 8 4 .9 4 4 .6 2 * - 4 . 12 - HATERIAL HOVEHENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FOUNDRY...................... LABORERS, HATERIAL HANDLING................... PACKERS, SHIPPING.............................................. HEN........................................................................ HOHEN.......................................................................... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS............... SHIPPING CLERKS.................................................. RECEIVING CLERKS............................................... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS_____ TRUCKERS, POHER................................................... FORKLIFT................................................................ OTHER THAN FORKLIFT................................... 1 E xcludes prem ium pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 3 U nless otherw ise indicated, ail or virtually all w orkers in selecteid occupations were men. 3 Includes da ta fo r regions in a d dition to those shown separately. NOTE: D ashes indicate no da ta reported, or data which do n o t m eet publication criteria. ~ 3 . 43 3 .7 7 2 .8 2 3 .9 6 4 .2 7 ~ " Table 5. Occupational averages: By size of establishments (N um ber and average straight-time hourly earnings1 o f men in selected occupations in nonferrous foundries by size of establishment, United States and selected regions, M ay 1975) TjnjtecnStatM *'"""1"*""**'""*11" ^ Occupation 8 to 99 workers Number Average of hourly workers earnings 100 to 249 workers Number Average of hourly workers earnings | 250 workers or more Number of workers Average hourly earnings Establishments with100 to 249 workers Number Average hourly of workers earnings MiddhTAtlantiT 8 to 99 workers Number of workers Average hourly earnings 100 to 249 workers 250 workers or more Number Average Number Average of hourly hourly of workers earnings workers earnings PROCESSING: CHIPPERS END GRINDERS................................ CHIPPERS........................................................... GRINDERS........................................................... CHIPPERS AND GRINDERS........................... CORE ASSEMBLERS AND F IN IS H E R S ............ COREHAKERS, HAND............................................ COREMAKERS, MACHINE..................................... D IE -C A S T IN G -M A C H III OPERATORS, (SET-OP AND OPERATE)................................ DIE-CASTING-MACHINE OPERATORS, (OPERATE ONLY)............................................... DIE-CASTING-MACHIBE SET-OP HORKERS................................................................ FILER S, LIGHT (D IE CASTING).................. FILER S, HEAVY (D IE CASTING).................. FURNACE TENDERS............................................... HOLDERS, FLOOR................................................. HOLDERS, HAND, BENCH................................... HOLDERS, MACHINE............................................ PATTERNMAKERS, HOOD..................................... PERMANENT-MOLD- MACHIN1 OPERATORS.3. . GRAVITY CASTING.......................................... CENTRIFUGAL CASTING................................ POLISHERS AND BUFFERS, METAL............... POLISHING- AND BUFFING-MACHINE OPERATORS............................................................ POURSRS, METAL................................................. SAND- OR SHOT-BLAST OPERATORS............. SAND MIXERS, HAND AND MACHINE............. SHAKEOUT HEN.............................................. ................................... SHELL-MOLD MACHINE OPERATORS....................... SPRUE-CUTTING PRESS OPERATORS................... 2 ,2 6 0 113 1 ,2 1 8 929 172 588 570 $ 3 .8 5 3 .8 9 3 .8 7 3 .8 4 3 .8 9 4 .3 8 4 .3 0 787 26 413 348 68 75 133 $ 4 .4 2 4 .2 4 3 .9 4 5 .0 1 5 .3 8 5 .3 3 4 .5 9 419 179 206 161 96 $ 4 .9 3 5 .1 7 4 .6 0 5 .3 0 4 .9 3 48 28 19 6 $ 3 .6 1 3 .4 7 - s 4 .5 8 3 .7 8 536 145 381 12 173 76 $ 3 .7 7 3 .7 2 3 .7 9 4 .1 8 4 .1 6 3 .8 7 167 53 16 $ 4 .1 0 5 .0 3 4 .0 9 71 58 - $ 4 .9 3 5 .1 4 - 640 4 .2 6 385 4 .7 5 189 5 .5 0 33 4 .2 7 120 4 .3 5 136 4 .8 5 - - 1 ,5 1 7 4 .1 7 858 4 .3 2 988 5 .6 0 75 4 .6 8 212 3 .7 0 _ _ 213 6 .0 3 5 .0 6 - _ - _ - 33 - 5 .7 3 - - - - 210 176 1 ,0 6 3 553 722 1 ,8 4 6 144 369 331 31 72 4 .7 5 3 .7 0 4 .1 7 4 .7 0 4 .7 1 4. 57 6 .7 4 4 .1 1 4 .1 4 3 .8 5 4 .3 1 180 71 15 357 50 67 317 36 3 05 209 21 177 4 .6 3 4 .1 5 4 .1 7 4 .1 8 4 .7 9 4 .1 2 5 .6 5 6 .3 7 5 .0 8 4 .9 1 3 .9 9 4 .7 3 208 50 381 32 178 303 199 122 5 .2 1 148 • 553 101 224 608 102 614 4 .1 7 4 .0 8 3 .4 4 3 .6 8 3 .4 6 4 .1 9 3 .3 7 121 230 36 62 156 58 249 3 .7 6 4 .8 3 4 .1 3 4 .7 6 4 .4 4 4 .4 0 3 .8 7 212 214 61 30 128 29 124 4 .7 2 5 .2 7 5 .0 5 4 .7 7 4 .8 7 5 .5 4 5 .4 1 57 130 225 4 .7 2 4 .2 1 3 .7 9 119 186 219 4 .4 0 4 .2 6 4 . 29 134 240 541 5 .3 6 5 .2 7 4 .9 3 - 5 .6 2 5 .6 2 5 .3 9 5 .6 8 5 .2 1 5 .8 4 5 .9 6 - 14 12 9 28 9 - _ 27 10 16 - 4 .3 1 4 . 18 5 .6 4 5 .4 5 5 .8 7 - • _ 4 .3 6 3 .7 8 3 .8 2 - 29 3 .5 1 8 20 4 .8 9 4 .0 4 26 222 142 207 303 23 - - 4 .0 4 4 .8 7 4 .5 3 4 .5 0 5 .8 3 - - _ 39 11 49 - 4 .7 1 5 .3 2 5 .5 0 - 80 7 113 - - - 5 .1 5 5 .8 8 5 .6 4 - - - - - 35 5 .3 1 - - _ _ 9 7 _ 4 .7 2 4 .7 5 - - _ 10 14 - - - - “ ~ 123 12 33 117 18 18 4 .3 6 3 .6 7 3 .4 4 3 .9 0 4 .3 3 4 .5 7 “ 10 16 30 5 .0 3 4 .6 8 3 .7 5 - 17 4 .2 6 4 .8 4 41 21 _ 4 .9 4 - 4 .7 0 INSPECTION AND TESTING; INSPECTORS, CLASS A........................................................ INSPECTORS, CLASS B........................................................ INSPECTORS, CLASS C ........................................................ - - 49 - - - 5 .4 3 - 212 4 .7 4 5.3,1 31 6 .5 2 4 .7 3 5 .2 8 69 MAINTENANCE: ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE.................................. MAINTENANCE NOBKSRS, GENERAL U T IL IT Y ................................................................................................ MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE..................................... ... MILLWRIGHTS. .................................................................................. TOOL AND DIE MAKERS........................................................ 39 5 .0 7 82 5 .2 7 169 6 .5 6 10 5 .2 6 589 117 12 417 4 .4 1 4 .8 8 5 .4 5 5 .9 6 375 109 4 .6 4 5 .0 3 4 .1 3 5 .1 3 5 .5 9 5 .1 2 6 .8 4 6 .5 0 6 .7 6 15 15 337 280 169 145 600 43 5 .3 6 57 5 .7 6 23 1 ,4 3 8 91 78 204 50 3 .5 8 3 .8 4 3 .7 9 4 .2 5 4 .0 7 362 213 82 120 46 14 60 108 105 3 .5 7 3 .6 4 3 .8 9 4 .0 3 4 .0 5 4 .1 1 4 .0 0 3 .9 9 4 .0 0 221 173 146 78 9 23 46 394 343 5 .0 2 4 .5 4 4 .5 2 4 .8 1 5 .1 0 4 .7 2 4 .8 0 4 .9 0 5 .0 4 13 18 20 6 3 .7 3 3 .2 8 3 .5 8 3 .7 9 515 20 28 65 24 3 .4 6 3 .5 1 3 .8 3 4 .0 6 4 .1 3 48 28 8 15 - - - - *87 19 - * - ■- - 4 .8 3 - 5 .7 6 50 145 6 .2 4 6 . 56 3 .8 1 4 .4 2 5 .1 7 3 .8 2 49 28 54 11 4 .2 6 4 .3 8 4 .2 8 4 .8 8 - MATERIAL MOVEMENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FOUNDRY.............................. LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING........................... PACKERS, SHIPPING ........................, ................................... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS................... SHIPPING CLERKS............................................................... RECEIVING CLERKS............................................................ SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K S .... TRUCKERS, POWER.3. ............................................................... FORKLIFT ......................................................................................... See footnotes at end o f table. - 153 88 72 - 4 .3 1 4 .1 6 4 .0 9 _ - - - - 7 7 3 .6 8 3 .6 8 - 41 14 13 - 4 .0 1 3 .9 5 3 .9 7 - 7 16 16 • - 4 .1 9 4 .6 0 4 .6 0 Jm• - 78 74 - 4 .7 5 4 .7 9 Table 5. Occupational averages: By size of establishments—continued (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings* of men in selected occupations in nonferrous foundries by size of establishment, United States and selected regions. May 1975)1 3 2 Great Lakes_____ Occupation 8 to 99 workers Number of workers 100 to 249 workers Average hourly earnings Number Average of hourly workers earnings | Establishments with— 250 workers or more Number of workers Average hourly earnings Pacific 8 to 99 workers Number of workers Average hourly earnings 100 to 249 workers Number of workers Average hourly earnings PROCESSING: CHIPPERS END GRINDERS.......... ..................... CHIPPERS................................................ .. GRINDERS.......................................................... CHIPPERS AND GRINDERS........................... CORE ASSEMBLERS AND FINISHERS............. CORFMAKERS, HAND.................... * ..................... COREMAKERS, MACHINE.................................... DIE-CASTING—MACHINE OPERATORS, (SET-UP AND OPERATE)................................ DIE-CASTING-MACHINE OPERATORS, (OPERATE ONLT).............................................. DIE-CASTING-HACHINE SET-UP WORKERS............................................................... FURNACE TENDERS.............................................. HOLDERS, FLOOR................................................. HOLDERS, HAND, BENCB.................................. HOLDBRS, MACHINE............................................ PATTBRNHAKBRS, W O O D ............................... PERHANENT-MOLD-MACHINB OPERATORS.3. . GRAVITY CASTING......................................... POLISHERS AND BUFFEBS, METAL............... POLISHING- AND BUFFING-MACHINE OPERATORS.......................................................... POURERS, METAL................................................. SAND- OR SHOT-BLAST OPERATORS............. SAND MIXERS, HAND AND MACHINE............. SHAKEOUT MEN...................................................... SHELL-HOLD MACHINE OPERATORS............... SPRUE-CUTTING PRBSS OPERATORS............. 658 31 434 193 62 135 212 $ 4 .1 1 3 .9 5 4 .1 1 4 .1 4 3 .8 3 4 .6 2 4 .5 7 274 4 .3 6 119 5 .2 6 122 4 .7 3 51 4 .6 7 892 4 .2 2 511 4 .5 3 553 5 .3 2 179 5 .0 3 103 4 .2 0 110 462 200 309 643 53 106 90 “ 4 .8 4 4 .3 7 4 .7 5 4 .6 6 4 .8 0 7 .3 3 4 .0 7 4 .1 2 92 187 4 .7 5 4 .3 1 5 .4 0 5 .3 8 5 .3 0 5 .5 3 5 .7 2 5 .7 2 5 .2 1 42 148 59 120 303 30 101 94 “ 4 .7 2 4 .3 6 5 .3 3 5 .5 6 4 .9 4 8 .1 2 5 .1 1 5 .2 2 - _ 4 .3 8 _ _ _ _ _ 91 251 53 65 185 27 350 23 66 102 409 170 235 53 23 94 $ 4 .8 7 4 .1 8 5 .3 4 5 .6 5 6 .7 7 4 .7 7 284 - 88 131 $ 5 .3 1 5 .2 0 5 .4 6 - 557 26 374 157 55 124 128 $ 3 .9 4 4 .0 1 3 .8 8 4 .0 6 4 .0 5 5 .0 3 4 .3 8 18 - $ 4 .2 3 _ _ _ _ ~ 158 246 153 ~ 6 .1 4 5 .2 2 5 .0 4 ~ 141 214 13 123 94 94 122 4 .3 6 4 .0 5 3 .2 3 4 .2 5 3 .5 0 4 .6 5 3 .4 7 152 11 28 100 30 154 5 .0 5 4 .0 6 5 .5 8 4 .7 5 4 .5 6 4 . 17 211 177 40 18 105 51 4 .7 3 5 .4 1 5 .5 6 5 .2 9 5 .0 1 4 .6 3 21 46 50 64 36 130 3 .4 2 4 . 64 3 .4 4 3 .2 2 4 .3 8 3 .0 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 4 .5 3 3 .8 5 3 .9 1 20 68 161 4 .9 0 4 .3 8 4 .5 1 82 147 5 .3 7 5 .1 3 - 11 41 17 5 .4 8 4 .7 0 3 .5 0 17 25 18 - - 21 - INSPECTION AMD TESTING: INSPECTORS, CLASS A.................................... INSPECTORS, CLASS B.................................... INSPECTORS, CLASS C . . . . ........................... 4 .6 5 4 .0 4 3 .2 4 MAINTENANCE: ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE...................... MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL U T IL IT Y ............................................................... MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE............................. MILLWRIGHTS............... ........................................ TOOL AND DIE MAKERS.................................... ' 22 5 .1 6 34 5 .4 4 85 6 .4 0 - 273 63 188 4 .4 2 5 .0 9 5 .8 4 246 24 175 4 .6 6 5 .3 6 5 .5 7 184 79 62 378 5 .3 2 6 .6 2 6 .4 2 6 .6 4 77 _ 65 4 .8 6 _ 7 .3 8 13 9 _ 28 5 .6 1 6 .1 9 _ 6 .6 9 452 50 20 90 3 .8 6 4 .0 1 4 .0 1 4 .3 5 144 118 34 64 35 24 58 55 3 .8 3 3 .6 1 3 .9 7 4 .2 2 4 .0 9 4 .3 0 4 *0 0 4 .0 2 134 117 88 57 _ 35 273 228 5 .3 9 4 .5 8 4 .7 0 4 .8 1 280 3 .7 2 30 3 .0 5 18 18 3 .5 8 5 .0 9 7 _ 4 .3 3 4 .6 9 4 .8 5 5 .0 2 16 12 9 5 . 12 5 .4 4 4 .9 8 7 - 4 .3 3 - - - MATERIAL MOVEMENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FOUNDRY.................... LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING.................. PACKERS, SHIPPING......................................... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS.3.......... SHIPPING CLERKS......................................... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K S .... TRUCKERS, POWER.3. ......................................... FORKLIFT.......................................................... - 83 37 27 - 4 .4 0 4 .0 5 4 .0 9 1Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 21ncludes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. N O TE: Dashes indicate no data reported o r data that do not m eet publication criteria. _ Table 6. Occupational averages: By size of community (N um ber and average straight-tim e hourly earnings1 o f men in selected occupations in nonferrous foundries in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. United States and selected regions, M ay 1975) United States1 3 * Occupation Metropolitan areas Number Average of hourly workers earnings New England Nonmetropolitan Metropolitan areas areas Number Average Number Average hourly of of hourly workers earnings workers earnings Middle West Pacific Nonmetropolitan areas Nonmetropolitan areas Metropolitan areas Number Average hourly of workers earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 561 26 362 173 55 173 4 .7 1 Great Lakes Middle Atlantic Metropolitan areas Nonmetropolitan areas Number Average Number of hourly of workers earnings workers Metropolitan areas Average Number hourly of earnings workers Average hourly earnings Number Average hourly of workers earnings PROCESSING: CHIPPERS AND GRINDERS................................. CHIPPERS........................................................... GRINDERS............................................................ CHIPPERS AND GRINDERS............................ CORE ASSBHBLBRS AND FIN IS H E R S ............. COREMAKERS, HAND............................................. COREMAKERS, MACHINE...................................... D IE —CASTING—HACHISI OPERATORS, (SET-OP AND OPERATE)................................. DIE-CASTING-MACHINE OPERATORS, (OPERATE ONLY)............................................... DIE-CASTING-MACHINE SET-OP WORKERS................................................................. FILERS, LIGHT (D IE CASTING).................. FILER S, HEAVY (D IE CASTING).................. FURNACE TENDERS............................................... HOLDERS, FLOOR.................................................. HOLDERS, HAND, BENCH....................... .. HOLDERS, MACHINE............................................. PATTBRNM AKERS, WOOD.............................. .. PERMANENT-HOLD-MACHINE OPERATORS.3. . GRAVITY CASTING.......................................... CENTRIFOGAL CASTING................................ POLISHERS AND BOFFERS, METAL................ POLISHING- AND BOFFING-HACHINE OPERATORS............................................................ POORERS, METAL.................................................. SAND- OR SHOT-BLAST OPERATORS............. SAND MIXERS, HAND AND MACHINE............. SHAKEOOT HEN....................................................... SHELL-HOLD MACHINE OPERATORS............... SPROB-COTTING PRESS OPERATORS............. 34 52 55 $ 3 .8 4 3 .7 8 3 .9 0 4 .5 2 5 .0 8 695 14 307 374 28 176 96 $ 3 .9 3 3 .6 6 3 .9 6 3 .9 2 5 .2 2 4 .2 0 3 .9 9 79 - $ 4 .0 9 - 45 3 .9 3 352 4 .8 5 - - 4 .9 6 81 4 .5 9 263 4 .5 8 184 5 .3 0 172 60 485 84 402 40 258 180 117 5 .2 2 3 .5 4 4 .7 5 4 .3 7 4 .5 1 7 .1 4 5 .7 0 5 .6 3 4 .2 3 14 26 29 4 .3 1 4 .3 5 4 .2 7 5 -2 6 4 .7 4 .5 .1 0 - 59 92 13 274 147 231 308 27 49 12 45 5 .5 7 4 .5 1 5 .2 3 4 .2 1 4 .9 1 4 .5 7 4 .6 7 5 .4 7 5 .1 9 5 .7 7 5 .0 1 5 .0 2 5 .0 6 4 .6 2 - 327 57 263 44 288 4 .7 5 4 .4 0 3 .7 8 3 .8 4 4 .0 5 4 .2 4 13 37 “ 4 .2 9 3 .9 0 4 .2 2 3 .5 4 ” 39 155 25 42 78 25 25 4 .2 0 4 .4 6 4 .3 8 3 .7 3 4 . 14 4 .4 9 4 .7 0 ~ 52 172 304 5 .1 4 5 .1 3 5 .0 2 102 14 ** 4 -1 0 4 .7 7 4 .8 3 4 .3 8 82 $ 4 .1 2 4 .7 7 3 .9 7 4 .2 0 4 .9 6 4 .6 1 4 .4 4 302 185 58 150 181 $ 4 .0 7 4 .2 9 3 .9 6 4 .1 4 4 .1 0 4 .8 0 4 .3 7 4 .6 3 111 4 .4 1 2 ,1 9 9 4 .4 6 1 ,1 6 4 426 237 42 1 ,3 1 6 551 761 1 ,9 3 9 159 719 559 78 254 4 .9 3 4 .2 8 4 . 11 4 .3 1 4 .8 2 4 .6 8 4 .8 2 6 .7 4 4 .6 8 4 .6 0 4 .2 2 5 .0 7 339 670 141 250 629 145 699 4 .2 7 4 .3 9 3 .9 3 4 .0 6 3 .8 3 4 .5 9 3 .5 5 258 384 681 4 .8 2 4 .4 9 4 .3 0 2 ,8 9 1 230 1 ,5 3 5 1 ,1 2 6 334 674 618 1, 103 575 88 66 140 - 100 22 177 19 59 21 21 67 57 - 353 215 140 $ 4 .3 1 4 .1 2 4 .4 7 74 49 - 214 215 $ 4 .6 9 4 .3 3 4 .9 4 5 .3 8 5 .1 5 4 .9 8 - $ 3 .3 6 3 .2 8 3 . 67 - 422 4 .7 4 55 5. 24 - - 1 ,4 1 9 4 .4 7 537 4 .9 9 67 3 .4 7 282 4 .7 3 253, 38 627 187 271 757 57 378 269 34 203 4 .9 6 4. 19 4 .5 3 4 .8 6 4 .7 7 5 .1 7 7 .5 7 5 .0 1 4 .9 1 3 .9 3 5 .1 4 90 236 167 - 12 4 .0 3 3 .5 4 4 .1 0 3 .7 2 3 . 76 65 ** “ 166 59 107 5. 30 4 .8 1 4 .9 6 5 .2 8 5. 28 4 .3 2 “ 4 .7 7 “ ~ 4 .3 5 5 . 33 5. 58 4 .9 7 8 . 12 5 .2 5 5 .3 5 ~ 212 319 69 85 261 54 439 4 .5 0 4 .5 6 3 .9 5 4 .9 0 4 .2 0 5 .2 0 3 .7 4 261 35 26 129 116 4. 92 4 .7 2 4 .2 9 4 .2 7 3 .8 7 21 3 .9 4 3 .3 3 3 .0 6 3 . 38 ~ 52 50 76 36 156 4 .6 8 3 .4 4 3 . 33 4 .3 8 3 .1 0 99 209 403 4 .9 9 4 .6 0 4 .4 5 26 72 88 5 .7 2 4 .7 9 4 .7 1 16 3 .3 8 26 60 35 4 . 79 4 .3 8 3 .3 7 6 .1 6 18 4 . 54 - 4 .5 8 . 6 .5 2 52 27 4 .2 5 90 14 93 4 .9 7 6 .3 0 7 .1 7 3 . 88 3 .8 6 4 .5 9 4 .1 8 3 .9 3 4 .3 0 4 .9 6 - - 3 .5 2 3 .7 2 3 .3 5 - 258 “ 19 24 3 .4 6 ~ 3 .5 4 4 .9 0 - 998 477 375 210 68 68 11 * 60 105 17 15 112 137 112 326 30 118 111 $ 3 .9 4 4 . 01 3 .8 6 4 .0 8 4 . 05 4 .9 3 4 .3 7 - - 22 - 48 14 — INSPECTION AND TBSTING: INSPECTORS, CLASS A..................................... INSPECTORS, CLASS B..................................... INSPECTORS, CLASS C . . . , ............................ - - 58 177 - - 5 .0 9 ' MAINTENANCE: ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE....................... MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL U T IL IT Y ................................................................ MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE.............. .. MILLWRIGHTS......................................................... TOOL AND D IE M A K E R S ....* ......................... 135 5 .5 2 155 6 .4 0 8 5 .2 8 33 5 . 17 - - 73 5 .8 0 68 924 242 71 854 4 .7 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 4 5 .9 8 320 153 91 500 4 .4 7 7 .0 6 6 .6 5 29 13 40 4 .0 5 5 .0 7 5 .2 7 174 48 27 133 4 .5 8 5 .1 0 5 .1 3 5 .6 2 - - 510 12ft 479 4 .8 0 5 .4 3 - 193 262 1 ,7 1 2 354 248 328 91 31 206 315 290 25 3 .7 4 3 .9 6 4 .1 3 4 .3 3 4 .1 9 4 .6 6 4 .3 5 4 .3 1 4 .3 2 4 .1 9 309 123 58 74 14 7 53 275 230 3 .7 1 4 .1 4 4 .3 3 4 .1 2 3 .8 6 3 .6 7 4 .2 6 4 .9 8 5 .1 8 55 3 .2 9 3 .1 7 3 .5 7 3 .8 5 4 .0 1 4 .1 9 4 .1 9 595 3 .5 7 4 .0 6 4 .2 4 4 .0 9 4 .1 2 3 .8 9 4 .1 0 4 .3 5 4 .3 8 40 40 661 209 4 .1 6 4 .1 $ 4 .3 7 4 .5 0 4 .2 6 4 .9 8 4 .4 9 4 .3 3 4 .3 6 6.66 _ 6.01 4 . 74 - MATERIAL MOVEMENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FO U N D R Y................ LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING.................. PACKERS, SH IP PING .......................................... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS............. SHIPPING CLERKS.......................................... RECEIVING CLERKS........................................ SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K S .... TRUCKERS, POWER............................... FORKLIFT................................... ....................... OTHER THAN FORKLIFT................................ 1Excludes premium pay for overtime and fof work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 3Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. N O T E : Dashes indicate no data reported o r data that do not meet publication criteria 21 19 16 9 - 11 11 68 84 86 32 6 48 68 63 5 .1 0 5 .1 0 102 169 36 20 113 190 177 • 69 76 40 42 11 29 178 - 8 8 7 - “ - 22 21 18 4 .9 1 4 .9 4 4 .6 2 Table 7. Occupational averages: By labor-management contract coverage (N um ber and average straight-time hourly earnings1 o f men in selected occupations in nonferrous foundries by labor management contract coverage. United States and selected regions, Mav 1975) United States1 2 Middle Atlantic Great Lakes Pacific Middle West Establishments with— Occupation Majority covered None or minority covered Majority covered None or minority covered Majority covered Number of workers Number Average hourly of workers earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings $ 3 .7 3 3 .7 2 3 .7 5 3 .7 2 4 .0 2 3 .7 0 540 382 81 37 171 121 $ 4 .5 4 4 .3 9 4 .9 5 4 .6 8 5 .0 6 4 .7 5 _ 217 Number of workers Average hourly earnings 1 ,4 4 2 108 853 <181 116 419 355 $ 4 .2 9 4 .6 4 4 .2 6 4 .2 8 4 .6 0 4 .8 2 4 .6 1 2 ,0 2 4 984 830 276 405 444 $ 3 .9 8 4 .6 4 3 .71 4 .1 5 4 .9 3 4 .4 7 4 .2 8 359 96 246 27 113 60 $ 4 .2 1 4 .5 5 4 .0 9 5 .5 2 4 .4 5 4 .2 5 415 218 188 635 4 .8 8 579 4.31 327 4 ;8 6 _ 1 ,7 7 7 5 .0 9 1 ,5 8 6 4 . 11 211 5 .6 9 236 4 .1 5 1, 194 372 147 35 1 ,1 0 3 244 432 942 5 .1 1 4 .5 6 4 .6 7 4 .9 9 4 .8 4 4 .7 6 7 .4 1 5 .3 0 5 .3 6 4 .2 9 4 .9 1 226 150 698 391 403 1,3 9 9 99 394 304 77 4 .8 6 3 .7 1 4 .0 5 4 .6 2 4 .4 3 4 .7 7 6 .2 3 4 .4 3 4 .1 2 4 .4 0 36 78 245 83 154 144 35 96 77 77 5 .2 8 3 .8 6 4 .8 0 4 .7 4 4 .6 9 5 .3 6 - 251 . 38 — 562 25 5 .6 6 4 .8 3 4 .5 8 5 .0 7 4 .4 8 4 .6 4 5 .6 0 5 .6 4 5 .7 7 4 .8 9 131 469 97 178 553 93 588 3 .6 9 4 .3 5 3 .71 4 .0 6 3 .7 2 4 .2 7 3 .2 5 37 92 24 30 59 24 13 4 .2 2 4 .6 3 4 .4 2 3 .6 1 4 .0 8 4 .5 7 4 .7 7 _ _ 138 339 96 399 4 .5 4 4 .6 6 4 .4 0 3 .9 1 4 .0 3 4 .6 5 4 .4 9 72 7 15 15 180 420 763 5 .2 0 4 .8 0 4 .6 7 130 136 222 4 .4 2 4.3 1 4 .0 3 63 64 206 5 .1 9 4 .8 7 4 .6 9 Number Average of hourly workers earnings Average hourly earnings None or minority covered Number Average of hourly workers earnings Majority covered None or minority covered Majority covered Average hourly earnings Number of workers $ 3 .6 9 3 .7 9 3 .7 5 3 .8 4 3 .5 3 268 -■ 184 74 16 57 61 Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers 159 33 109 15 15 None or minority covered Average Number Average hourly hourly of earnings workers earnings PROCESSING: CHIPPEBS AMD GRINDERS................................. CHIPPEBS........................................................... GRINDERS..................................... P................... CHIPPEBS AND GRINDERS............................ COBE ASSEMBLERS ABE FIN ISH ER S ............. COREMAKERS, HAND............................................. COBEHAKERS, MACHINE............. , ..................... DIE-CASTING-MACHINE OPERATORS, (SET-OP AMD OPERATE)................................. DIE-CASTING-MACHINE OPERATORS, (OPERATE ORLY)............................................... DIE-CASTIMG-HACHIB1 SET-OP WORKERS................................................................ FILER S, LIGHT (D IE C A STING ).................. FILER S, HEAVY (D IE CASTING) ................. FURNACE TENDERS............................................... HOLDERS, FLOOR.................................................. HOLDERS, HAND, BENCH................................... HOLDERS, HACHINE............................................. PATTERNMAKERS, WOOD..................................... PERMANENT-HOLD- MACHINE OPERATORS.3. . GRAVITY CASTING.......................................... CENTRIFUGAL CASTING................................. POLISHERS AND BUFFERS, METAL............... PO LISHING - AND BUFFING-MACHINE OPERATORS.............................. ............................ POORERS, METAL.................................................. SAND- OR SHOT-BLAST OPERATORS............. SAND MIXERS, HAND AND MACHINE............. SHAKEOUT HEN...................................................... SHELL-MOLD HACHINE OPERATORS............... SPRUE-CUTTING PRESS OPERATORS............. 100 583 435 81 294 350 528 101 6.02 210 12 125 21 307 16 192 99 39 67 76 $3.3 9 3 .4 8 3 .3 4 3 .4 6 3 .8 9 4 .7 2 3 .9 7 5 .3 8 131 4 .5 0 5 .2 0 235 4 .6 3 4 .3 3 45 4 .9 6 — 4 .8 0 5 .3 8 5 .8 6 5 .0 1 8 .3 4 5 .4 9 5 .4 9 - — 96 32 217 - “ 4.02, 5 .2 9 4 .9 4 “ _ 5 .0 1 4 .0 9 4 .0 4 - 28 40 69 142 4 .1 7 3 .2 8 3 .2 6 3 .0 2 8 5 .9 9 5 .0 1 20 4 .5 7 3 .8 8 3 .2 5 63 — - 5 .1 6 — ~ 27 811 310 381 118 234 $ 4 .6 3 4 .1 1 4 .8 4 5 .3 4 4 .7 9 116 50 45 - $ 3 .9 8 3 .7 7 4 .4 8 - 5 .0 1 260 4 .6 2 37 4 .0 1 - 42 4 .9 2 762 4 .1 3 _ _ 58 3 .3 4 47 92 . 301 137 218 492 38 197 5 .2 2 — 4 .3 4 4 .6 9 4 .4 0 5 .2 6 7 .0 0 5 .3 6 5 .0 5 - _ 4 .0 0 5 .0 9 4 .2 7 - 9 .— 54 91 - 20 104 432 29 249 215 34 262 4 .9 8 4. 19 — 4 .7 5 5 .0 8 5 .2 8 4 .9 8 7 .7 3 4 .8 1 4 .9 5 3 .9 3 4 .9 6 — 73 27 96 4 .3 8 4 .2 7 4 .0 5 4 .4 8 276 356 59 59 188 46 250 4 .6 5 4 .7 6 4 .6 0 4 .1 6 4 .2 7 4 .7 7 4 .2 9 _ 224 45 52 53 4 .2 8 84 403 5 .3 8 4 .6 0 4 .5 0 6 77 40 221 15 - - - 88 122 - 64 - 12 93 - - - - - - 3 .7 6 — 3 .7 5 4 .6 8 - _ 28 9 71 14 ” _ 4 .0 9 3 .3 0 3 .5 8 3 .3 8 " _ 30 - 33 _ 4 .6 6 3 .7 0 5 .4 3 4 . 18 5 .0 9 3 .3 4 _ 14 31 40 - _ 3 .9 4 3 .7 5 3 .6 0 - 4 .6 4 4 .8 2 4 .4 5 11 88 11 4 .7 1 4 .2 9 3 .6 5 ” “ 10 4 .7 8 57 4 .5 5 45 4 .3 6 — 4 .6 9 202 34 305 112 28 93 93 - 10 7 - $ 4 .5 9 4 .4 5 4 .9 1 4 .4 4 5 .4 0 4 .8 6 INSPECTION AND TESTING: INSPECTORS, CLASS A..................................... INSPECTORS, CLASS B..................................... INSPECTORS, CLASS C..................................... 221 41 60 26 33 28 MAINTENANCE: ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE....................... MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL U T IL IT Y .................. ............................................. MECHANICS, M A I N T E N A N C E .. .. . .. .. ............ MILLWRIGHTS. ........................... .......................... TOOL AND DIE MAKERS..................................... 204 6 .2 8 86 5 .3 2 36 6 .3 6 17 5 .1 2 101 6 .11 40 5 .6 4 753 266 158 865 4 .7 5 6 .1 8 6 .4 0 6 .2 9 491 129 4 .4 7 4 .8 9 93 74 55 183 4 .6 4 5 .9 8 6 .1 5 6 .3 5 104 — 42 4 .4 9 — 5 .9 5 493 113 64 513 4 .7 5 6 .1 6 6 .3 4 6 .1 8 210 4 .7 1 5 .2 0 1 ,2 1 3 379 192 243 64 26 153 498 443 3 .9 6 4 .1 1 4 .1 7 4 .4 6 4 .2 2 4 .5 1 4 .5 6 4 .7 5 4 .8 3 341 70 3 .6 1 4 .2 1 271 3 .4 8 , 3 .6 0 4 .3 6 3 .8 2 3 .5 9 4 .0 4 [ 4 .4 0 486 251 109 127 28 82^ 337 289 4 .2 5 4 .0 4 4 .3 6 4 .5 1 4 .1 1 4 .6 1 — 4 .6 9 4 .8 1 489 6.12 808 98 114 159 41 3 .3 9 3 .5 9 4 .1 5 4 .0 4 4 .0 3 4 .4 1 4 .0 0 3 .9 5 3 .9 5 53 — — - 5 .6 2 228 6.21 21 244 34 33 84 60 — 31 3 .9 1 4 .3 4 4 .6 6 4 .3 2 4 .2 4 — 4 .0 4 4 .0 9 48 MATERIAL MOVEMENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FOUNDRY.................... LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING.................. PACKERS, SH IPPING .......................................... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS............. SHIPPING CLERKS.......................................... RECEIVING CLERKS........................................ SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLB R K S... . TRUCKERS, POWER.3. ........................................... FORKLIFT........................................................... 12 76 4 .5 2 5 .9 5 7 .5 2 - 12 106 92 77 1Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. N O T E : Dashes indicate no data reported or data th at do not meet publication criteria. — 32 - 67 26 38 92 92 - 4 .2 2 4 .2 7 4 .1 7 4 .6 7 4 .6 7 6 44 24 7 13 16 21 10 12 9 - 3 .8 0 3 .7 5 3 .7 6 4 .4 4 — - 7 - 3 .7 1 - 155 18 17 15 - 11 8 4 .4 3 4 .9 1 5 .2 6 5 .3 2 5 .6 7 5 .2 2 155 15 8 - 8 - 10 10 2.88 3 .3 0 4 .0 5 <i.05 4 .1 5 4 .1 5 Table 8. Occupational averages: By method of wage payment (Num ber and average straight-tim e hourly earnings1 of men in selected occupations in nonferrous foundries by method of wage payment, United States and selected regions. M ay 1975) United States1 3 * Timeworkers Occupation Great Lakes I ncentive workers Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers 2 ,9 5 3 279 1,6 4 1 1 ,0 3 3 315 748 675 $ 3 .9 4 4 .6 2 3 .8 9 3 .8 5 4 .6 7 4 .5 4 4 .3 0 847 2 ,1 6 0 Timeworkers Middle Atlantic Incentive workers Timeworkers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average Number Average hourly of hourly earnings workers earnings 513 39 196 278 77 76 124 $ 5 .0 8 4 .7 4 4 .6 1 5 .4 6 5 .5 1 5 .7 2 5 .1 2 1 ,0 3 9 610 264 206 246 309 $ 4 .3 3 4. 17 4 .1 8 5 .1 3 4 .9 9 4 .6 7 312 32 82 4 .3 7 367 5 .1 5 343 4 .5 4 1 ,2 0 3 4 .7 8 5 .0 1 539 3 .7 7 235 4 .9 7 50 1 ,6 4 0 ' 4 .3 7 4 .7 2 536 4 .5 6 737 1 ,7 2 5 4 .5 1 6 .8 2 199 637 4 .8 1 483 4 .7 4 4 .2 0 80 4 .3 8 203 59 62 18 161 99 98 616 340 256 168 I ncentive workers Number Average hourly of workers earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings 30 43 46 $ 5 .4 7 4 . 88 4 .9 4 6 .4 4 6. 19 5 .4 6 620 228 373 9 162 $ 3 .7 7 3 .7 5 3 .7 9 4 .4 2 4 .1 1 3 .9 2 4 .6 2 134 5 .2 4 168 4 .3 8 184 5 .2 7 1, 150 4 .5 5 806 4 .6 9 283 4 .4 3 164 5 .6 5 5 .0 7 5 .5 1 4 .5 1 5 .0 8 5 .0 1 5 .2 5 5 .4 9 5 .2 1 5 .0 5 5 .3 2 303 70 795 193 304 625 67 176 142 34 157 5 .0 5 3 .4 6 4 .5 3 4 .8 3 4 .6 4 4 .7 7 7 .3 1 4 .5 5 4 .7 0 3 .9 3 4 .4 2 _ - _ - 5 .4 5 4 .9 3 5 .3 9 5 .8 8 5 .3 8 5 .2 0 5 .3 0 60 61 270 93 159 195 27 - 5 .4 5 3 .8 4 4 .2 4 4 .8 7 4 .3 0 4 .4 1 5 .4 7 ~ - _ 472 96 81 317 69 392 4 .5 1 4 .1 5 4 .3 1 3 .9 8 4 .8 6 3 .8 3 186 108 _ 134 163 4 .5 1 5 .6 4 4 .9 8 5 .9 7 5 .3 1 5 .1 7 3 .6 3 247 460 111 5 .1 0 4 .5 7 4 .3 9 31 6 .1 1 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS PROCESSING: CHIPPERS AMD GRINDERS................................ CHIPPERS........................................................... GRINDERS........................................................... CHIPPERS AND GRINDERS........................... CORE ASSEMBLERS AND FINISHERS............ CORENAKERS, HAND............................................ COREHAKERS, MACHINE..................................... DIE-CASTING-MACHINE OPERATORS, (SET-OP AND OPERATE)................................ DIE-CA STING -M A CH IN I OPERATORS, (OPERATE O N LT).............................................. DIE-CASTIMG-HACHIHE SET-UP WORKERS................................................................ FILER S, LIGHT (D IE C A STING ).................. FILER S, HEAVY (D IE CASTING)................. FURNACE TENDERS.............................................. HOLDERS, FLOOR................................................. HOLDERS, HAND, BENCH.................................. HOLDERS, MACHINE............................................ PATTERNMAKERS, HOOD.................................... PERHANENT-HOLD-HACHINE OPERATORS.3. . • GRAVITY CASTING.......................................... CENTRIFUGAL CASTING................................ POLISHERS AND BUFFERS, METAL............... PO LISHING - AND BUFFING-MACHINE OPERATORS........................................................ POURERS, METAL.......................................... .. SAND- OR SHOT-BLAST OPERATORS............ SAND MIXERS, HAND AND MACHINE............ SHAKEOUT HEN..................................................... SHELL-HOLD MACHINE OPERATORS............... SPRUE-CUTTING PRESS OPERATORS............ 275 849 177 277 774 165 781 4 .1 9 4 .3 3 3 .9 6 3 .7 6 3 .6 8 4 .4 1 3 .7 5 206 148 39 118 24 206 4 .4 7 5 .5 5 4 .9 5 5 .6 9 4 .8 5 4 .8 4 3 .7 5 280 517 903 4 .7 6 4 .6 6 4 .5 0 30 82 5 .8 9 4 .8 1 21 - 68 32 18 299 270 195 153 8 30 73 11 66 - 154 - 86 61 24 28 34 - 71 67 72 170 29 _ 30 4 .4 8 4 .8 8 4 .6 9 - 220 21 36 17 20 - * _ 4 .3 1 3 .9 8 3 .5 0 3 .9 1 4 .4 4 3 .9 8 122 $ 4 .6 9 4 .5 7 4 .9 2 5 .4 8 5 .2 7 4 .2 5 10 9 14 9 “ ~ 4 .9 0 5 .0 4 5 .1 6 4 .9 6 5 .3 0 ~ ~ _ 5 .4 4 5 .2 4 4 .7 8 5 .1 4 4 .7 8 ~ INSPECTION AND TESTING: •INSPECTORS, CLASS A.................................... INSPECTORS, CLASS B.................................... INSPECTORS, CLASS C . . . . . ......................... - 98 69 " MAINTENANCE: ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE...................... MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL U T IL IT Y ................................................................ MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE............................. M ILLW R IG H TS..................................................... TOOL AND DIE MAKERS..................................... 281 6.02 9 5 .1 6 138 5 .9 6 - - 49 6 .0 7 - - 1 ,181 385 162 1 ,2 9 0 4 .6 2 5 .7 9 6 .3 5 6 .2 8 63 4 .8 9 4 .7 6 ~ 681 160 64 741 4 .7 0 5 .8 9 6 .3 4 6 .1 9 - - 159 75 55 174 4 .5 9 5 .9 6 6 .1 5 6 .5 9 - - - - 1 ,8 3 9 456 269 390 103 36 251 553 483 70 3 .6 4 3 .9 5 4 .1 5 4 .2 8 4 .1 3 4 .4 2 4 .3 2 4 .6 4 4 .7 3 4 .0 4 182 4 .6 8 5 .1 3 626 266 142 205 47 3 .9 5 4 .0 0 4 .4 3 4 .4 2 4 .1 8 4 .8 0 4 .4 5 4 .6 3 4 .7 7 543 75 54 85 31 7 47 90 85 3 .5 0 4 .1 4 4 .1 8 4 .0 7 4 .0 7 3 .9 6 4 .0 8 4 .6 9 4 -7 3 69 - 10 “ - - “ — * MATERIAL MOVEMENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FOUNDRY.................... LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING................. PACKERS, SHIPPING.......................................... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS............ SHIPPING CLERKS......................................... RECEIVING CLERKS....................................... SHIPPING AMD RECEIVING C L E R K S .... TRUCKERS, POWER............... - ............................ FORKLIFT........................................................... OTHER THAN FORKLIFT................................ 21 - 12 - 8 37 37 - 4 .8 2 4 .6 0 4 .3 0 4 .3 0 1Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 3 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. N O T E : Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. 20 138 356 298 - — - 6 - 4 .8 2 - 6 18 18 3 .9 7 4 .8 2 4 .3 2 4 .3 2 Table 9. Occupational averages: Die-casting establishments (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of men in selected occupations in nonferrous die castings establishments. United States and selected regions, May 1975) United States2 Occupation Number of workers Average hourly earnings Middle Atlantic Number of workers Average hourly earnings Great Lakes Number of workers Average hourly earnings Pacific Number of workers Average hourly earnings PROCESSING: CHIPPERS AND GRINDERS................................ G R IN D E R S ...................... ............................ CHIPPERS AND GRINDERS........................... DIB-CASTIMG-HACHINI OPERATORS, (SET-UP AND OPERATE)................................ DIB-CASTING-HACHINE OPERATORS, (OPERATE ONLY).............................................. DIE-CASTING-MAC HI 11 SET-UP NORKERS............................................................. FILERS, LIGHT (D IE CASTING)................. FILERS, HEAVY (DIE CASTING).................. FURNACE TBNDBRS.............................................. PERMANENT-HOLD-MACHINE OPERATORS.3. . GRAVITY CASTING ....................................... POLISHERS AND BUFFERS, METAL............... POLISHING- AND BUFFING-MACHINE OPERATORS....................................................... POURERS, METAL............................................. SAND- OR SHOT-BLAST OPERATORS............ SHELL-HOLD MACHINE OPERATORS.............. SPRUE-CUTTING PRESS OPERATORS............ 215 64 151 $ 4 .1 7 3 .9 8 4 .2 6 75 60 $ 4 .6 2 4 .4 3 - - - 42 32 $ 3 .3 5 4 .7 1 - 3 .2 2 1 ,1 3 2 4 .5 7 325 4 .8 5 425 $ 4 .7 4 173 3 ,3 0 8 4 .6 4 446 4 .8 8 1,941 4 .6 1 259 4 .7 7 595 5 .0 2 4 .2 3 4 .7 9 4 .5 9 5 .8 9 71 56 - 5 . 47 4 .7 7 4 .6 1 342 52 379 16 16 264 5 .0 5 4 .0 7 63 62 4 .7 7 4 .1 4 160 150 4 .3 0 4 .7 9 221 63 714 190 - - 285 4 .8 0 240 174 33 902 4 .0 5 4 .6 2 4 .9 4 4 .0 2 3 .7 2 177 382 677 5 .0 5 4 .6 6 4 .6 2 10 112 - - - _ 10 _ 3 .7 2 - - ” - - 4 .6 4 4 .8 0 4 .8 0 4 .7 9 - - - -• - - 533 3 .7 3 148 3 .0 9 98 213 316 5 .1 3 4 .4 8 4 .4 6 , 18 31 23 4 .6 5 4 .3 4 3 .1 9 INSPECTION AND TESIIHG: INSPECTORS, CLASS A.................................. INSPECTORS, CLASS B.................................. INSPECTORS, CLASS C .................................. 41 5 .5 1 - 201 - 4 .6 7 MAINTENANCE: ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE..................... MAINTENANCE NORKERS, GENERAL U T IL I T Y .. ...................................................... MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE.............................. MILLWRIGHTS........................................................ TOOL AMD DIE MAKERS.................................. _ 108 6 .0 4 _ 352 117 55 643 4 .7 7 5 .9 9 6 .5 1 6 .1 3 26 7 223 4 .6 5 6 .4 4 6 .2 8 131 36 65 37 3 .2 4 4 .2 3 4 .2 8 4 .2 7 210 4 .2 1 4 .1 1 4 .2 1 4 .1 8 3 .7 9 199 6 .3 3 - 563 268 4 .6 6 6 .11 74 53 6 .7 8 6 .2 6 120 1 ,1 7 5 - - _ 5 .0 3 6 .8 9 - 77 7 .5 8 84 2 .7 0 MATERIAL MOVEMENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FOUNDRY................... LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING................ PACKERS, SHIPPING ....................................... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS............ SHIPPING CLERKS....................................... RECEIVING CLERKS..................................... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS----TRUCKERS, PONER.3.......................................... FORKLIFT.......................................................... 541 304 170 218 45 20 153 402 360 3 .6 1 4 .0 1 4 .1 6 4 .1 4 3 .8 5 4 .4 9 4 .1 8 4 .8 1 4 .9 2 - - 26 61 61 4 .2 0 , 5 .0 2 ; 5 .0 2 1Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 31ncludes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. 193 81 125 31 - 80 284 242 - 4 .2 4 4 .7 4 4 .8 9 - 12 - 11 - 4 .7 5 - 4 .8 0 - Table 10. Occupational averages: Sand-casting establishments ------ — Table 11. Occupational averages: Permanent-mold ----- casting establishments (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of men in selected occupations in nonferrous sand casting establishments, United States and selected regions, May 1975) United States3 Occupation Number of workers Average hourly canmitp Middle Atlantic Number of Average hourly Great Lakes Number Average Number hourly of of WVI IW » (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of mien in select;ed occupaltions in notnferrous permanent-mold casting establishments, United States and selected/regions, May 1975) Pacific Middle West Average hourly Number of Average hourly e wo e ngs e United States2 Occupation Number of workers p r o c e s s in g : :BIPPBRS A*D GRINDERS................................ CHIPPERS........................................................... GRINDERS............................................................ CHIPPERS AND GRINDERS............................ CORE ASSEMBLERS AND FIN IS H E R S ............. COREHAKERS, HAND........... .. .............. COREHAKERS^ M A C H IN E............. .. ................... FILE R S , LIGHT (D IE CASTING ).................. FURNACE T E N D E R S .... .............. .. ....................... HOLDERS, F L O O R ............................................... MOLDERS^ HAND, BENCH................................... MOLDERS, MACHINE.................. .. ........................ PATTERNMAKERS, HOOD...................................... PERMANENT-HOLD*'MACHINE OPERATORS.3. . GRAVITY CASTING ............................................ CRNTRTFIIGM. C A S T I N G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . POLISHBRS AND BUFFERS, METAL................ PO LISHING - AND BUFFING-MACHINE OPERATORS................................................................ POURERS, METAL...................................................... SAND- OR SHOT-ELAST OPERATORS.............. SAND MIXERS, HAND AND MACHINE.............. SHAKEOUT HEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHELL-HOLD MACHINE O P E R A T O R S ....... SPRUE-CUTTING PRESS OPERATORS.. . . . • 2 ,8 8 5 264 1 ,5 5 9 1 ,0 6 2 381 705 759 40 903 591 720 2 ,2 3 0 193 363 270 18 26 108 618 132 298 784 168 35 $ 4 .1 1 4 .6 4 3 .9 6 4 .2 2 4 .8 3 4 .6 1 4 .4 3 3 .6 0 4 .2 9 4 .8 0 4 .7 6 4 .7 7 6.86 5 .2 9 5 .2 4 3 .7 3 4 .5 8 4 .4 5 4 .4 8 3 .8 5 3 .9 8 3 .7 8 4 .4 7 4 .1 7 552 23 171 358 26 183 99 $ 3 .8 6 3 .9 3 3 .8 7 3 .8 5 5 .2 3 4 .3 0 4 .0 3 1 ,1 7 7 $ 4 .5 7 631 400 232 206 336 4 .2 7 4 .8 0 5 .3 0 5 .1 7 4 .8 0 212 4 . 16 4 .9 4 4 .6 2 4 .6 7 5. 47 5 .0 6 362 207 277 823 63 4 .5 8 4.81 .4.83 5 .1 7 7 .4 8 5 .6 6 5 .5 4 159 207 365 27 19 210 _ — - - - - - 73 321 56 94 302 72 — _ 4 .8 1 4 .3 2 3 .7 5 4 .0 2 4 .6 0 4 .3 6 70 21 45 125 23 20 135 - 4 .6 2 4 .7 2 3 .9 0 4 .8 1 4 .1 7 4 .8 5 227 37 148 $ 3 .9 4 3 .8 0 3 .9 9 - — 12 3 .7 4 4 .3 2 4 .0 8 60 45 83 51 12 181 — _ 3 .9 5 4 .8 1 5 .0 9 4 . 48 — _ 495 26 336 133 55 112 124 103 59 108 326 30 82 82 $ 3 .9 6 4 .0 1 3 .8 5 4 .2 2 4 .0 5 4 .9 3 4 .3 2 4 .4 9 5 .3 3 5 .4 9 4 .9 7 8 .1 2 5 .0 9 5 .0 9 - - - - - - - - 41 - 40 111 4 .0 7 - 3 .6 5 3 .5 8 _ _ 44 - 50 76 36 _ Great Lakes 8® 4 .8 4 - 3 .4 4 3 .3 3 4 .3 8 Average Number hourly of earnings workers Average hourly earnings 118 42 $ 4 .5 6 4 .2 4 19 4 .3 3 71 208 186 4 .6 0 4 .5 5 4 .6 0 p r o c e s s in g : Din r D T v n f i f i Q _ CSTITIRR^ ___________________ - ______ . . . . . . . r u TDDV DO 195 61 80 27 $ 4 .2 8 4 .6 1 3 .7 8 4 .4 2 42 28 4 .3 1 4. 39 4 .2 6 4 .2 3 4 .4 8 5. 19 4 .7 0 4 .8 9 4 .7 6 3 .8 5 . . ________ _______ _ 23 19 69 5 .1 7 4 .7 5 4 .1 3 ELECTRICIANS, HATNTENA M C I. . . . . . . . . . MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL U T IL IT Y 1 r r _____ ___________ 14 4 .8 0 127 4 .7 2 4 .7 $ 4 .7 7 5 .5 2 pdtddvdc pnD vm rvD c u n cDTanvsc N irn Tiiv _. __ DIE-CASTING-MACHINE OPERATORS, tf\DVD! >PV AMT V \ v riB ii ir 'v _____________ ______ __________________ <PwntRR. PERMANENT-HOLD-MAC HIRE OPERATORS.3. . r D l V T I ' V n Q«TT rvtfV D T V n r& r n c f T H f l __ ____________ ___ ___ ____________ POLISHERS AND BUFFERS, METAL............... POURERS METAL.. . . . _____ . . . . . . . . . . . . c a u n - n o cun>P« RT I C f H R IR I T O D _____ SAND MIXERS, HAND AND MACHINE.............. SPRUE—CUTTING PRESS OPERATORS . . . . . 120 412 346 59 51 141 16 12 _ — 16 12 4 .8 9 4 .7 6 45 4 . 10 94 4 .7 2 37 5 .7 9 INSPECTION AND TESTING: rr r t fc ov ri P ADC i two nvpifi ado m cDvr*«PADQ iq q r*t i c c n.iQ Q i ________ _____ _____ Q r ___ — MAINTENANCE: INSPECTION AND TESTING: INSPECTORS, CLASS A..................................... INSPECTORS, CLASS B . . ................................ INSPECTORS, CLASS C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 125 203 4 .8 1 4 .7 4 4 .4 2 18 4 .6 8 10 59 16 4 .2 6 121 5 .1 9 5 .1 9 4 .7 9 - _ _ - 24 _ - 4 .1 4 _ ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE....................... MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL U T IL IT Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE*. . . . . . . . . . . . TOOL AND DIB M A K E R S .... ........................... 67 5 .2 9 15 4 .9 0 30 5 .7 9 - 486 97 92 4 . 59 5 .1 0 6 .3 9 82 15 4 .3 6 4 .7 3 231 44 4 .7 3 5 .5 4 63 - 4 .5 9 - 51 - 1 ,2 8 7 83 3 .7 5 4 .0 2 a 91 SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS.................. SHIPPING CLERKS.......................................................... RECEIVING CLERKS.......................................................* SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLBBKS.. . . TRUCKERS, POWER................................................................. FORKLIFT .................................................................................. OTHER THAN FORKLIFT ............................................. 142 52 15 75 124 106 18 4 .4 8 4 .3 6 4 .5 6 4 .5 5 4 .2 1 4 .1 9 4 .3 3 445 3 .5 9 •Ito o u a1 1 H IJ 43 3 .9 2 3 .9 6 21 - 18 30 29 - 3 .9 6 4 .0 5 4 .0 6 1Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Dashes indicate no date reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. i i T i f f i i i r i __________ _ 4 .7 9 _ 440 55 11 61 16 6 39 45 35 4 .1 9 4 .2 0 4 .8 1 4 .9 3 4 .9 4 5 .5 0 4 .8 4 4 .2 2 4 .3 0 49 3 .8 6 167 11 8 - 4 .6 4 12 - - - - 11 : - 17 14 3 .8 2 3 .8 0 5 .0 6 - 5 .0 2 5 . 16 4 .8 0 21 21 66 MATERIAL MOVEMENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FOUNDRY.. •••« ••• r a nAn«n r* _ MATERIAL MOVEMENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FOUNDRY.. . . . . . . • LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING......................... ■ sm iiT re MILLWRIGHTS........................................................ TOOL AND DIE HATERS____. . . . . . . . . . . . MAINTENANCE: _ darrvoe Ht H 1V D T1▼ni HMTM /* cq t d d t ha _ ________ _________ SHIPPING AMD RECEIVING CLERKS.’_ _ _- SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K S .... TRUCKERS, POWER.3............................................................ vnnn T»f _ __________ „ ____ ________ _ 56 66 49 25 18 51 48 3 .7 0 3 .8 7 4 .1 2 4 .5 0 4 .6 4 4 .3 6 4 .3 2 31 4 .0 9 25 4 .7 3 4 .5 5 4 .6 4 4 .5 6 4 .5 2 20 18 30 27 - 1Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. Table 12. Occupational earnings: Chicago, Illinois1 (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings2 of workers in selected occupations, May 1975) Numbar of workers Occupation ALL PR0D0CTI0H WORKERS............................. hem . . ............................................... WOMEN........................................................... NOEBER ()F HOBKERS RECE][VING STRA1 GHT-TIHE O0BJ.1 EAR11INGS (IN 1JOLLA l8SV 01P .. Aver2 .60 2.70 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6.00 6 .4 0 6 .8 0 7 .2 0 7 .6 0 8.00 age hourly 0NDBR AND AND earn- 2 .6 0 UNDER OVER ings2 2 .7 0 2.80 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .40 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5.0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6.00 6 .4 0 6 .8 0 7 .2 0 7 .6 0 8.00 3 ,1 6 3 2 ,6 8 5 '4 7 8 $4.65 4 .75 4.09 178 164 4.69 4 .57 4.7 7 4.6 3 4. 54 4 .64 4 .32 67 53 14 13 3 18 13 5 _ _ _ 10 10 9 1 44 33 11 103 90 13 182 73 109 38 131 114 17 111 102 9 247 188 59 159 142 17 435 356 79 189 165 24 2 2 8 8 2 2 3 4 2 8 2 2 1 35 33 35 33 99 98 93 92 12 12 12 12 10 10 218 197 21 140 102 142 134 8 330 309 21 131 131 89 81 8 66 64 2 137 127 10 95 91 4 36 34 2 14 11 8 8 48 48 3 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS PBOCESSIH6 : CHIPPERS AND GRTNDEBS.____. . . . . . . . . 146 112 94 30 57 48 DIE-CASTING-MACHINE OPERATORS, (SET-DP AND OPEBATE)............................... T IM E .________ _______ _ DIE-CASTING-MACHINE OPERATORS, (OPEBATE ONLY)............................................ TIN E ........................................................ IN C E N T IV E ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIE-CASTING-MACHINE -SET-DP WORKERS............................................................ PORNACE TENDERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t i m e . ................................................. MrtT nvsc bt nn d 4 MATnvDC mroTixv T VrVHVTw PODRBRS, M E T A L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T IM E .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPR0E-C0TTING PRESS O PERATORS....^. MEN__________ ____________________ TTMR__ t _______________________ 43 5* 07 5*02 5.11 5.06 181 129 5.00 4.73 350 206 144 4 .19 3. 92 4 .5 8 33 31 126 114 4.90 5. 01 4.6 6 4 .5 5 185 164 22 20 _ 2 3 1 2 4.’ 00 3.9 4 3 .4 7 3 .45 3 .4 5 39 23 16 4 .7 9 4.87 4.67 14 3 .7 9 3 £ 3 8 8 20 18 ~ 2 2 2 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - - - - 2 7 17 1 2 5 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 - - 2 10 18 12 6 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 55 49 6 24 22 2 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 - 62 26 36 26 15 3 8 8 9 9 11 1 1 19 19 5* 38 5^15 1 07 81 42 3 _ _ 9 9 2 3 3 _ 3 3 _ _ 2 2 2 17 13 13 _ 5 4 4 4 10 4 4 4 3 7 7 1 1 _ _ 2 2 _ 2 2 22 14 5 2 2 76 75 - 44 40 4 10 11 5 10 10 f g 15 1 15 2 2 8 14 g 24 15 14 5 9 9 7 10 17 2 2 - 6 17 17 28 28 5 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 _ 21 1 1 1 _ 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 20 20 20 2® 1 1 1 ** g 2 4 4 8 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 26 19 5 5 3 ~ _ 2 19 10 6 1^7 137 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 - _ 6 4 4 - - 8 f _ _ _ _ 2 6 2 2 2 2 6 2 2 2 5u *1 16 g 13 7 8 2 1 6 7 3 3 - - - 8 8 1 8 2 1 13 _ 2 6 8 2 2 3 8 ~ ** 2 INSPECTION AND TESTING: INSPECTORS, CLASS B 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M E N .......................... .. ikSPECTORS, CLASS C : 3 . ______ MEN_____ -- __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 19 4 4 1 5 1 1 3 8 g 12 7 2 2 . MAINTENANCE: MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL 0 T IL IT Y .3. ........................ ................................ HRPHlSTrC MlTBTENllirB 3 TOOT. ANT) nTR MAKER*; 3 74 111 6* 18 114 96 49 16 16 4 .09 4.2 9 4. 44 4.97 4 .9 7 4 .36 4 .36 1 4 5 . 14 3 1 1 2 1 2 16 3 7 1 1 1 1 47 26 26 29 2 4 21 1 2 1 2 4 7 5 24 3 32 2 2 - - “ 13 16 — _ 2 4 2 - - _ _ - ■ _ 3 11 MATERIAL MOVEMENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FODNDRY 3................. LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING3. ............ SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS3. . . . . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K S .... TRTirirRR*? POBER 3 EOR1TT.TET___________ 3 - 2 - 4 16 6 8 6 1 2 2 9 9 3 2 - - 2 2 i 1 1 - 2 2 4 1 1 9 9 - 2 2 2 2 ~ _ 1The Chicago Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will Counties. 2Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. These surveys, based on a representative sample of establishments, are designed to measure the level of occupational earnings at a particular time. Thus, comparisons made with previous studies may not reflect expected wage movements because of change in the sample composition, and shifts in employment among establishments with different pay levels. Such shifts, for example, could decrease an occupational average, even though most establish ments increased wages between periods being compared. Seventy-seven percent of the production workers covered by the survey were paid on a time basis. 3All timeworkers. 4Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate earnings data by method of wage payment; workers are paid predominantly on a.time basis. sWorkers were distributed as follows: 2 at $9.20 to $9.60; and 2 at $10.40 to $10.80. Table 13. Occupational earnings: Cleveland, Ohio1 (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings2 of workers in selected occupations. May 1975) Occupation ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS............................ HBM................................................................ WOMEN........................................................... NUEBER CF HOI KERS RECEJ VING STRAI GHT-1DIME £ OURL1 EARI INGS ( i f i OLLA1 SI OF— 2 .8 0 3.00 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4. 40 4 .6 0 4 .8 6 5. 00 5 . io 5 .4 6 5 .6 0 5 .8 6 b700 Z 7 W 674<r 6760 6 .8 0 7 .0 0 7 .2 0 7 .4 0 7 .6 0 AND UNDBR AND OVER 2 .8 0 JNDER 3 .0 0 3 .20 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6 .0 0 6 .2 0 6 .4 0 6 .6 0 6 .8 0 7 .0 0 7 .2 0 7. 40 7 .6 0 Number of workers Average hourly earnings2 2 ,1 6 1 1,854 307 $ 4 .5 8 4 .6 2 4.31 15 15 - 12 5 7 11 8 3 155 71 84 108 99 9 249 207 42 134 97 37 191 190 1 186 184 2 137 133 4 154 150 4 139 106 33 151 129 22 91 89 2 88 72 16 92 89 3 49 40 9 64 60 4 42 38 4 21 15 6 10 7 3 22 16 6 16 16 6 3 3 11 8 3 7 7 64 44 39 20 4 .7 6 5. 22 4 .2 4 4 .1 6 _ - _ - _ - 8 8 8 - _ - 5 5 4 - 19 7 15 1 5 5 5 1 _ 4 1 1 - 2 2 - 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 - 8 8 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 5 5 - - 3 3 1 1 1 - - 1 1 - - ” - 148 4 .9 4 - - - - - 4 7 28 10 5 17 10 12 12 6 14 11 5 3 3 - 1 - - - 1 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 14 14 1 - 6 1 1 4 2 5 5 1 1 7 7 7 7 2 2 4 5 2 2 1 1 15 7 4 12 4 11 11 11 11 5 5 2 5 6 6 3 3 1 13 13 7 7 7 7 1 2 2 1 1 2 11 9 2 2 6 6 6 6 2 12 4 12 4 - - - - 16 16 16 16 5 5 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 1 1 9 9 9 9 6 6 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 - - 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 ** " 1 “ 3 3 3 3 - - - - 1 - “ - 6 3 3 1 1 2 2 4 2 2 7 1 6 9 4 13 13 - 6 6 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS PROCESSING: CHIPPERS AND GRINDERS.......................... .. INCENTIVE............................................ GRINDERS......................................................... COREBAKERS, MACHINE.3. ............................... DIB-CASTING-MACHINE OPERATORS, (OPERATE ONLY)............................................. DIE-CASTING-MACHINE SET-UP 4 FURNACE TENDERS............................................. TIME......................................................... HOLDERS, MACHINE........................................... INCENTIVE............................................. PERMANENT-HOLD-MACHINE OPERATORS.. . INCENTIVE............................................. GRAVITY CASTING........................................ INCENTIVE............................................. POURERS, METAL............................................... TIM E............................................... SAND- OR SHOT-BLAST OPERATORS.5. . . . . SAND MIXERS, HAND AND MACHINE.3. . . . . SHAKEOUT HEN.6. ............................................... SPRUE-CUTTING PRESS OPERATORS............ INCENTIVE............................................. HEN................................................................ INCENTIVE............................................. 82 67 42 34 141 117 141 117 44 27 8 7 19 90 40 84 34 4.2 2 4.01 5 .1 8 5 .3 5 4 .8 3 5. 16 4. 83 5 .1 6 4 .6 1 4 .5 8 4 .9 6 5 .0 9 4 .3 5 4 .2 5 4 .7 4 4 .2 5 4 .8 3 - - 26 20 18 14 105 63 4 . 89 4 .6 9 4 .3 5 4 . 16 4 .0 7 4 .1 7 - _ - _ 5 12 7 - - - 1 1 - 24 24 - 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 28 28 11 11 11 11 8 8 47 5 46 4 _ - _ 24 9 7 4 5 5 2 2 2 2 14 1 4 4 4 4 1 3 3 6 6 6 6 1 1 3 3 3 3 7 7 4 4 “ 1 1 21 20 4 4 - 10 4 g 2 10 16 3 13 4 6 2 11 12 3 4 1 - “ - - 1 - 2 2 2 2 - 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 - - - - “ 2 ~ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - ~ ~ 2 2 2 2 " _ _ _ _ _ - - - - INSPECTION AND TESTING:4 INSPECTORS, CLASS A................................... HEN................................................................ INSPECTORS, CLASS B.................................... INSPECTORS, CLASS C.................................... MEN................................................................ _ 1 “ ~ - MAINTENANCE:4 2 5 . 18 MAINTENANCE NORKERS, GENERAL U T IL IT Y ............................................................. funrir in n tvtv Miffvnc 72 92 4 .7 6 5. 64 - 71 16 119 98 7 112 3 . 53 4 .5 2 3 .7 9 3 . 43 4 .0 2 3 .7 7 13 PACKERS, SHIPPING........................................ TIME........................................................ HEN............................................................... NONBN........................................................... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLEBKS.4.......... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K S .... TRUCKERS, PONER.4. ........................................ HEN............................................................... FORKLIFT........................................................ 26 22 34 31 34 4 l 61 4 .8 0 4 . 16 4 .2 0 4 . 16 - l - ~ 5 1 12 13 2 2 15 6 5 3 7 1 1 6 - - 1 1 6 “ MATERIAL MOVEMENT: 3 3 15 5 1 16 3 3 3 66 66 _ - 21 21 5 16 16 _ - 5 3 ” 6 6 _ - 1 1 10 10 2 2 ~ 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 - ~ “ _ 3 3 3 _ 4 4 4 7 7 7 3 3 1 1 1 _ 4 4 4 4 4 4 7 7 - 2 2 4 4 - 6 - - - 66 £ C. OO - 4 - 6 6 11 8 11 10 ‘ The Cleveland Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, and Medina Counties. . , . ^ ~ __ ■ — 2Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. These surveys, based 01 resentative sample of establishments, are designed to measure the level of occupational earnings at a particular time. Thus, comparisons "T1 previous studies may not reflect expected wage movements because of change in the sample composition, and shifts in employment among establishments with different pay levels. Such shifts, for example, could decrease an occupational average, even though most establish ments increased wages between periods being compared. Sixty-two percent of the production workers covered by the survey were paid oh a time basis. 3 Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate earnings data by method of wage payment: workers are paid predominantly on a time basis. 4All timeworkers. 5Workers paid on a time and incentive basis were equally divided. 6 Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate earnings data by method of wage payment; workers are paid predominantly on an incentive basis. Table 14. Occupational earnings: Detroit, Michigan1 (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings2 of workers in selected occupations, May 1975) Occupation lLL w o rk er s .............................. HEM................................................................... WOHEH.............................................................. p r o d u c t io n Number of workers AverOLLA1IS) OIp— NUMBER GIF HOBKERS EEC El TING STpU GHT-1 IHE iIOURL1 EAR1IINGS (IN age 2 . 30 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 4 . 6 o 3 . 2 6 3 .4 0 3 . 6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 . 8 0 6.00 6 .2 0 6 .4 0 6 .6 0 hourly AND earn- UNDER ings2 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6 .00 6.20 6 . 4 0 6 .6 0 6 .8 0 1 ,4 4 1 979 462 $ 4 .4 0 4 .6 1 3 .9 5 2 2 - 2 2 - - - - - - 12 2 10 4 4 10 6 82 82 4 100 24 76 139 56 83 155 69 86 178 70 108 123 101 22 103 76 27 170 144 26 30 5 10 - - - - - - - 55 55 44 44 - 34 34 73 54 19 47 46 1 ~ 54 “ - 6 2 1 10 2 1 2 4 1 - 16 16 66 66 3 3 19 19 - — - - - - ~ 4 4 - SELECTED OCCUPATION PROCESSING: DIE-CASTING-HACHINE OPERATORS, (OPERATE OMLT)............................................... DIE-CASTING-MACHINE SET-UP WORKERS................................................................. FURNACE T E N D E R S ......................................... POLISHERS AND BUFFERS, HETAL............... HEN..................................................................................................... °O L IS H IN G - AND BUFFING-MACHINE 92 4 .6 9 30 47 37 27 4 .8 7 4 .9 2 4 .7 4 5 .0 8 1 V SPRUE-CUTTING PRESS OPERATORS............. HEN..................................................................................................... WOHEN............................................................................................. •»• Z D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 218 136 82 3 .7 1 3 .6 7 3 .7 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 14 4 .3 9 4 .2 6 - 42 31 5 .0 1 5 .5 8 48 19 3 .9 3 3 .8 5 4 .9 2 4 .8 8 - 4 4 “ 7 B 78 - “ - 51 - 9 14 4 5 - - 4 3 3 2 1• i 57 40 17 3 20 4 - 14 - 51 3 6 - - 4 4 - - - - “ 16 - - - - ~ - - - - - ~ - - - 5 - - - 20 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 - - - 1 INSPECTION AND TESTING: INSPECTORS, CLASS A........................................................ INSPECTORS, CLASS B ........................................................ - - - - - - - - 6 - - - - 6 1 1 — ~ “ ~ “ 1 2 17 - 1 12 2 1 10 8 10 ~ - 5 - - - - - - " MAINTENANCE: MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL U T IL IT Y ................................................................................................. TOOL AND DIE HAKERS........................................................ 3 4 MATERIAL MOVEMENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FOUNDRY............................... LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING........................... SHIPPING AND RECEIYING CLERKS................... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K S .... 10 8 12 - - - - - - “ - - - - - - - - - - 7 16 “ - 29 - - - 3 3 - - 3 - - - - - 1 1 4 2 2 2 - - - - - 1The Detroit Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Lapeer, Livingston, Macomb,Oakland, St. Clair, and Wayne Counties. , 2Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. These surveys, based on a representative sample of establishments, are designed to measure the level of occupational earnings at a particular time. Thus, comparisons made with previous studies may not reflect expected wage movements because of change in the sample composition, and shifts in employment among establishments with different pay levels. Such shifts, for example, could decrease an occupational average, even though most establish ments increased wages between periods being compared. Virtually all of the production workers covered by the survey were paid on a time basis. Table 15. Occupational earnings: Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif.1 (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings2 ot workers in selected occupations, May 1975) Occupation ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS.............................. HEN................................................................... WOHEN.............................................................. Number of workers Average hourly earnings2 3 ,7 6 8 3 ,6 2 3 145 $ 3 .9 3 3 .9 4 3 .4 3 390 358 16 280 248 94 63 55 81 82 3 .5 3 3 .4 9 3 .4 8 3 .5 6 3 . 51 3 .4 4 3 .9 9 4 .0 5 4 .7 1 3 .9 9 118 4 .2 2 NUPBER CIF WOfi KERS RECEI VING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS (IN DOLLAR S) OF— 2.20 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 . 4 0 1 7& T T 7 W 4 . 00 4 .2 6 4 .4 0 4760 4 .8 0 5 70 0 5 72 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 78 0 6 .00 6 .4 0 6 .8 0 AND UNDER 2 . 30 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 . 8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 6 6 172 161 65 56 - 2 2 11 9 _ - - _ - _ - 9 15 13 46 44 128 120 8 64 52 121 12 106 15 13 13 2 2 25 25 13 13 - - 2 2 2 2 9 9 16 - 4 4 292 281 11 192 191 240 235 5 334 324 10 1 49 49 64 64 4 26 26 34 15 7 24 24 14 14 AND OVER 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 102 101 1 45 45 32 32 " " - - - 2 2 2 2 2 - 376 344 32 286 278 345 343 2 11 259 256 3 146 146 “ 142 141 8 85 53 28 28 16 16 2 2 10 10 4 4 77 45 14 14 14 16 16 2 2 10 10 4 4 8 8 4 4 - 10 “ 20 “ 219 208 5 .8 0 6.00 6 . 4 0 6 .8 0 1 23 51 51 27 27 40 40 - - - - - “ - - ~ - “ - ** — 22 1 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS PROCESSING: CHIPPERS AND GRINDERS............................, . HEN................................................................... CHIPPERS............................................................ GRINDERS............................................................ HEN................................................................... CHIPPERS AND GRINDERS............................ CORE ASSEHBLBRS AND FIN ISH ER S ............. HEN................................................................... COREMAKERS, HAND............................................. COREMAKERS, MACHINE..................................... DIE-CASTING-MACHINB OPERATORS, (SET-UP AND OPERATE)................................. DIE-CASTIHG-HACBINE OPERATORS, (OPERATE O NLY)............................................... DIE-CASTING-MACHINE SET-UP WORKERS................................................................. FURNACE T E N D E R S ........................................ HOLDERS, FLOOR.................................................. HOLDERS, HAND, BENCH................................... HOLDERS, HACHINE............................................. PATTERNMAKERS, WOOD................................ .. PERHAHENT-HOLD-HACHINE OPERATORS.3. . GRAVITY CASTING.......................................... POURERS, METAL.................................................. SAND MIXERS, HAND AND HACHINE............. SHAKEOUT HEN....................................................... SPRUE-CUTTING PRESS OPERATORS............. 199 4 .2 8 59 4 .7 3 4. 06 5 .3 0 4 .4 5 4 .9 4 6 .3 2 4 .4 1 4 . 52 4 .1 6 3 .3 6 3 .2 8 3. 10 111 37 35 253 9 55 48 31 47 72 156 - - - - 9 9 9 - 2 - 59 59 4 45 45 39 39 10 8 - - - 6 - - ~ - - - - - - ~ - - 77 - - - - 2 - - 6 2 9 7 4 1 1 - - - 2 2 9 2 2 12 4 - - 1 1 6 7 17 2 20 20 2 12 6 17 16 2 “ 13 “ 28 14 “ 1 23 7 17 8 4 11 18 13 67 5 23 39 1 ~ ** 4 24 2 11 2 16 3 12 6 4 7 18 1 6 15 ” 4 2 18 ” 22 2 51 16 10 2 2 2 2 6 - - “ 2 2 4 - 27 ~ 2 2 1 2 2 23 25 4 - 17 15 10 10 2 8 - 2 23 14 14 7 10 8 9 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 10 1 1 2 4 2 14 - 2 2 2 6 6 29 14 18 6 4 27 ~ 28 28 ~ 5 32 “ 18 18 4 - ~ - - - “ ” 3 5 9 “ 2 - - 6 2 4 7 9 1 - 2 2 6 35 9 ~ — - “ * - — _ — — ~ ~ 2 6 “ 8 1 16 6 ~ - - “ - 11 2 “ - > — — ~ ~ 4 ~ ** - 7 - 1 — INSPECTION AND TESTING: INSPECTORS, CLASS A..................................... INSPECTORS, CLASS B...................................... INSPECTORS, CLASS C..................................... HEN................................................................... 22 50 67 27 4 .6 4 3 .9 5 3 .0 9 3 . 27 JO 11Zo 51 4 .6 4 C AC D • 70 6 .3 3 183 27 18 9 3 .0 0 3 . 59 3 .4 4 4 .0 6 4 .0 5 - ~ - _ - ~ - 12 6 4 " 15 16 7 2 1 2 - ~ i 3 “ - - MAINTENANCE: MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL TOOL AND DIE MAKERS...................................... - - - - - 29 - 20 1 1 10 - - - - - 1 - 31 2 12 - - - 5 - 2 2 2 2 9 2 2 2 2 - - - - - 14 9 2 4 - 44 - - 2 2 4 2 1 - 10 - - . 1 52 a _ 14 9 *17 - - - MATERIAL MOVEMENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FOUNDRY.................... PACKERS, SHIPPING .......................................... HEN................................................................... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS............. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K S .... 8 - 3 - - 2 6 4 3 3 - 1 1 2 1 - - - 1 1 2 2 1The Los Angeles-Long Beach Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Los Angeles County. 2Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. These surveys, based on a representative sample of establishments, are designed to measure the level of occupational earnings at a particular time. Thus, comparisons made with previous studies may not reflect expected wage movements because of change in the sample composition, and shifts in employment among establishments with different pay levels. Such shifts, for example, could decrease an occupational average, even though most establish ments increased wages between periods being compared. Virtually all of the production workers covered by the survey were paid on a time basis. 3 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. 4Workers were at $7.20 to $7.60. sWorkers were at $6.80 to $7.20. 6Workers were distributed as follows: 11 at $6.80 to $7.20; and 6 at $7.20 to $7.60. Table 16. Occupational earnings: Milwaukee, W isconsin1 (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings2 of workers in selected occupations. May 1975) 1The Milwaukee Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Washington, and Waukesha Counties. 2 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. These surveys, based on a representative sample of establishments, are designed to measure the level of occupational earnings at a particular time. Thus, comparisons made with previous studies may not reflect expected wage movements because of change in the sample composition, and shifts in employment among establishments with different pay levels. Such shifts, for example, could decrease an occupational average, even though most establish ments increased wages between periods being compared. I ’ Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate earnings data by method of wage payment; workers are paid predominantly onja time basis. 4 A ll timeworkers. 5 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. * Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate earnings data by method of wage payment; workers are paid predominantly on an incentive basis. Table 17. Occupational earnings: Newark, N.J.1 (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings2 of workers in selected occupations. May 1975) Occupation ALL PRODUCTION WORKERS.............................. HEN................................................................... Number of workers NUN BER CIF HOIIKBRS RECE1 VING Aver2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 . 90 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 3 .5 0 age AND hourly earn- UNDER ings2 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 3 .5 0 3 . 6 0 1 ,2 9 1 890 $ 4 .1 4 4 .2 5 209 155 104 92 105 116 64 3 .9 7 3 .7 1 3 .8 0 3 .6 7 4 .1 3 3 .9 4 3 . 33 3 .6 2 3 .4 1 2 - 6 1 STRA]CGHT-1■IHE IOURL1 EARNINGS (IN II0LLA1IS) OF— 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 . 80 5 . 00 5720 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6 .0 0 6.20 6 .4 0 _ AID OVER 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6.00 6 .2 0 6 .4 0 31 17 21 36 19 22 13 13 14 14 31 31 52 52 49 49 76 76 295 64 85 57 154 128 80 10 68 94 59 48 36 2 2 6 6 ,2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 - - 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 13 13 13 13 - 3 3 3 3 - 51 51 3 3 48 - 15 15 17 17 17 17 - 4 4 4 - 43 4 - - - 2 6 - 1 2 6 6 - - - “ 5 3 “ - 2 6 - 5 3 1 1 3 2 - 28 40 38 42 42 18 18 23 23 26 26 8 8 10 10 9 9 - SELECTED OCCUPATIONS PROCESSING: CHIPPERS AND GRINDERS.3.............................. T IH E ............................................................ HBN................................................................... T IH E ............................................................ NOHEN.............................................................. CHIPPERS AND GRINDERS............................ T IH E ........................................................... H E N . . . . * .............................. '...................... T IH E ............................................................ DxjZ-CASTING-HACHINE OPERATORS, (OPERATE ONLY) .4. .......................................... FURNACE TENDERS A . . . - ................................ HOLDERS, HAND, BENCH.4. .............................. POUSERS, HETA1*. . ............................................ 66 56 76 28 20 11Z 9 4 .5 3 3 .9 8 4 .2 8 1 7(1 /u 1 1 - 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - 1 1 1 - 2 2 2 5 5 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 - - 5 5 1 6 6 - 1 - 10 10 10 10 - 1 6 5 24 3 8 8 7 4 4 4 4 1 9 1 34 42 - 8 2 2 2 2 2 - 6 - - - - - - 4 - - - - - - 2 - - - - “ 4 - 2 ~ “ ~ ~ 4 14 8 6 4 2 5 2 6 6 ~ 4 8 ~ • “ ” ~ ~ ~ — MAINTENANCE: HAINTENANCE WORKERS, GENERAL HATERIAL MOVEMENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FOUHDRT.5. ............... HEN.................................................................. LABORERS, HATERIAL HANDLING.5. ............. PACKERS, SH IPPING ............................- ........... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS.5. . . . . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K S .... 129 99 19 14 19 17 3 . 25 3 . 38 3 .7 7 3 .4 3 3 .9 9 3 .9 5 _ - 1 1 - 20 8 22 10 - - 7 7 20 8 1 6 - 14 - 6 6 - - - 16 16 - 4 4 - 1 8 8 f 8 8 2 2 2 2 - 21 21 - - “ 7 ~ 4 “ 6 • ~ 8 1 “ 2 2 7 — 'The Newark Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Essex, Morris, Somerset, and Union Counties. 2Excludes premium pay for overtime, and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. These surveys, based on a representative sample of establishments, are designed to measure the level of occupational earnings at a particular time. Thus, comparisons made with previous studies may not reflect expected wage movements because of change in the sample composition, and shifts in employment among establishments with different pay levels. Such shifts, for example, could decrease an occupational average, even though most establish ments increased wages between periods being compared. Eighty-four percent of the production workers covered by the survey were paid on a time basis. 31ncludes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. 4 Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate earnings data by method of wage payment; workers are paid predominantly on an incentive basis. 5All timeworkers. . Table 18. Occupational earnings: New York, N.Y.-N.J.1 (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings2 of workers in selected occupations. May 1975) Occupation Number of work. ers Aver- _________________________________U U BER 0F HOBKERS BBCE3 VING STRAI G HT-I IMB BOURL1 BARI jm g s (IN I0LLAIIS) O! — age 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 . 7 0 2 . 8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 . 8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 . 0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6 .00 6. 20 6 .4 0 6 .6 0 6 .8 0 hourly UNDER AND AND earnOVER 2 .5 0 UNDER ings 3 2. 60 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 . 20 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6.00 6.20 6 .4 0 6 . 6 0 6 .8 0 IL L PRODUCTION HORKERS........................... a n ................................................................... l o i n .............................................................. 1 ,3 0 8 1 ,1 8 0 128 $ 4 .0 5 4 .1 1 3. 47 3 3 4 4 - 6 2 9 5 4 8 6 2 12 2 10 77 46 31 155 137 18 89 76 13 85 43 4 .3 2 3 .9 0 5 .1 3 - - - - - - - - 9 - - - _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 3 4 237 224 13 97 90 7 168 162 73 61 105 104 6 12 1 8 14 13 16 16 o 7 - 22 1 6 6 3 2 _ _ 1 7 7 3 3 96 96 44 42 22 5 5 1 1 - 19 19 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - 4 3 13 13 - 18 18 ~ 18 18 2 1 - 1 1 3 - 2 3 - - 3 - - - - - - - 3 3 4 4 - - - - - - 3 3 1 1 1 1 - - 2 19 3 25 25 - 2 - 1 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS P i 0 CESSING: DIE-CASTING-NACHINE OPERATORS, (SET-UP AMD O PE R A TE )A ............................ .FURNACE TENDERS.^........................................... HOLDERS, HAND, BENCH.3. .............................. ■ av i \ v dc M im T iiV 5 20 2 2 - 1 23 - - 8 7 0 _ - 3 INSPECTION AND TESTING: INSPECTORS, CLASS C..................................... TTffF 21 •H 117r 3 .7 3 3 03 £C 3m 3o • on 0*9 o A 2 3 o ■3 3 2 6 6 ~ ~ 3 - _ 3 - HAINTBNANCS: MAINTENANCE NORKERS, GENERAL U T IL IT Y ................................................................ T IR E ............................................................ 4 .6 7 4 .5 5 - 22 150 25 17 7 7 3 .5 6 4 .1 8 4 .1 0 4 .5 0 4 .5 0 _ - 25 - - - - _ - - - - _ - _ - - 2 2 - 22 7 - 1 - MATERIAL MOVEMENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FOUNDRY.4.................. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS.4.......... SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C L E R K S .... TRUCKERS, PORER.3........................................... FORKLIFT........................................................... - _ - - - - - 8 - - 2 2 2 2 - 107 5 5 - _ 7 7 - 8 - ‘ The New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Bronx, Kings, New York, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland,and Westchester Counties, N.Y.; and Bergen County, N.J. 3Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. These surveys, based on a representative sample of establishments, are designed to measure the level of occupational earnings at a particular time. Thus, comparisons made with previous studies may not reflect expected wage movements because of change in the sample composition, and shifts in employment among establishments with different pay levels. Such shifts, for example, could decrease an occupational average, even though most establish ments increased wages between periods being compared. Ninety-three percent of the production workers covered by the survey were paid on a time basis. 31nsufficient data to warrant publication of separate earnings data by method of wage payment; workers are paid predominantly on a time basis. 4All timeworkers. *Insufficient data to warrant publication of separate earnings data by method of wage payment; workers are paid predominantly on an incentive basis. Table 19. Occupational earnings: Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J.1 (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations, June 1975) Occupation ALL PBODUCTION WORKERS.............................. H E R .. ............................................................. WOMEN.............................................................. ber of workers Average hourly earnings1 1 ,5 8 5 1 ,5 3 8 47 $ 4 .8 5 4 .8 7 4 .2 6 76 64 62 58 4 . 24 4 .0 0 4 .0 7 4 .0 8 4 .7 7 4 . 80 4 .6 0 4 189 4 .7 9 NUNBER CIF WOII KERS RECE1 VING STRAIGHT-1 IMS HOURL1 EAR!IINGS (IN IIOLLAIfS) PI 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6.00 6 .4 0 6 .8 0 7 .2 0 7 .6 0 8.00 AND _ AND OYER UNDER 7 .6 0 8 . 00 7 .2 0 6 .8 0 6 .4 0 5 .8 0 6.00 5 .6 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .6 0 4 .4 0 2 . 50 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 3 . 00 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 1 1 - 1 1 18 18 “ 4 4 ” “ - 3 3 - - - 8 8 ~ 27 21 6 21 19 2 38 37 112 106 1 6 133 129 4 136 133 3 102 100 2 313 295 18 95 90 5 81 81 107 107 32 32 54 54 87 87 116 116 75 75 14 14 6 6 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 18 18 18 18 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 10 - 1 - 1 - - 2 1 1 2 - - 2 13 13 9 4 5 5 5 1 8 8 4 - ” 1 — 1 2 - 4 - - SELECTED OCCUPATIONS PROCESSING: SHIPPERS AND GRINDERS.3. ............................ TIM E ........................................................... CHIPPERS AND GRINDERS........................... T IM E ............................................................ COREMAKERS, HAND.4.......................................... FURNACE TENDERS............................................... HOLDERS, FLOOR.4............................................... HOLDERS, MACHINE........ .................................... 20 43 jo o o 32 38 - - - 3 3 3 3 - 2 2 2 2 - 3 3 3 3 - 6 20 5 3 20 - 17 3 4 4 2 17 - 8 8 1 ~ 4 5 11 10 4 4 1 1 1 5 - 12 - MAINTENANCE: MAINTENANCE WORKERS, GBNERAL U T IL IT Y ................................................................. T IM E ............................................................ MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE.............................. 17 13 10 4 4 .4 8 4 .6 7 5 . 15 ~ 1 1 1 3 3 5 4 4 * ~ 2 2 MATERIAL NOYEHENT: LABORERS, GENERAL, FOUNDRY.................... LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING.................. TRUCKERS, POWER.4. .......................................... FORKLIFT........................................................... 51 20 19 19 3 .9 5 4 .1 6 4 .4 0 4 .4 0 - - - - - 3 - 1 - - - - - - - - 2 5 - 22 2 2 2 8 ~ 15 11 7 7 - 2 ~ 10 10 ‘ The Philadelphia Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pa.; and Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, N.J. 1Excludes premium pay pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, _____ s premium . and late shifts. These surveys, based on a representativelsample of establishments, are designed to measure the level of occupationalI earnings at a particular time. Thus, comparisons made with previous studies may not reflect expected wage movements because of change in the sample composition, and shifts in employment among establishments with different pay levels. Such shifts, for example, could decrease an occupational average, even though most establishments increased wages between periods being compared. Seventy-one percent of the production workers covered by the survey were paid on a time basis. 31ncludes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. 41nsufficient data to warrant publication of separate earnings data by method of wage payment; workers are paid predominantly on Table 20. Method of wage paym ent (Percent of production workers in nonferrous foundries by method of wage payment.1 United States and selected regions, May 1975) Method of wage payment United States2 New England Middle Atlantic boutneast Great Lakes Middle West Pacific All workers.............................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Time-rated workers......................................................... ............. Formal p lan s.................................... Single rate................................. ........................... Range of rates........................................................ Individual rates.......................................................... 82 69 36 33 13 77 39 6 33 38 74 61 28 33 13 95 67 40 27 27 78 73 47 26 5 92 77 25 52 14 97 77 24 53 20 Incentive workers........................................................... Individual piecework..................................................... Group piecework Individual bonus Group bonus 18 6 1 8 3 23 15 1 6 2 26 7 2 11 6 5 5 (••') 22 5 2 11 4 8 2 _ 3 (••*) 3 3 - Great Lakes Middle West Pacific _ - _ 3 1 For definition of method of wage payment, see appendix B. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. :l Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: NJ CJ1 Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Table 21. Scheduled w eekly hours (Percent of production and office workers in nonferrous foundries by scheduled weekly hours,' United States and selected regions, May 1975) United States2 Weekly hours New England Middle Atlantic Southeast Production workers All workers.............................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Under 40 hours............................................................. 40 hours.................................................................... Over 40 hours.............................................................. 3 95 1 6 94 - 1 99 - 5 95 - 4 94 2 10 90 100 100 100 100 Office workers All workers.............................................................. Under 35 hours............................................................. 35 hours.................................................................... 37-1/2 hours................................................................ 38-3/4 hours................................................................ 39 hours .................................................................... 40 hours.................................................................... Over 40 hours.............................................................. 100 , 1 3 5 2 (:‘) 89 (:l) 100 100 7 6 _ 1 9 10 9 2 86 - 71 - 1 Data relate to the predominant schedule for full-time day-shift workers in each establishment. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. :t Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 100 4 2 _ _ _ 96 4 3 _ _ 93 (•*) 97 100 Table 22. Shift differential provisions (Percent of production workers in nonferrous foundries by shift differential provisions.1 United States and selected regions. May 1975) Shift differential United States- New England Middle Atlantic 56.3 56.3 34.7 6.2 3.8 2.8 75.3 70.0 50.5 .9 1.5 10.0 Southeast Great Lakes Middle West Pacific 84.6 83.1 74.6 1.7 5.1 27.5 .2 4.2 8.7 2.6 7.4 6.8 9.9 .5 8.5 7.5 .9 - 83.5 83.5 77.5 2.4 3.5 59.9 7.1 4.6 6.0 6.0 - 73.4 73.4 61.5 1.1 1.5 22.5 .3 8.8 7.1 13.2 5.4 1.7 2.9 2.9 9.1 73.5 73.5 65.9 .5 12.1 5.5 22.3 2.8 .1 12.1 4.4 4.0 2.3 7.7 1.7 5.5 .3 .2 - 80.3 80.3 74.3 2.4 6.6 3.5 3.3 41.9 9.4 2.6 4.5 6.0 58.9 58.9 42.7 1.1 1.9 16.8 .3 10.2 7.1 5.4 .8 .8 15.4 Second shift Workers in establishments with second-shift provisions................................................... With shift differential.................................................. Uniform cents per hour.............................................. 5 cents............................................................. Over 5 and under 10 cents..................................... 10 cents............................................................ 11 cents............................................................ 12 cents............................................................ 13 cents............................................................ 14 cents............................................................ 15 cents............................................................ Over 15 and under 20 cents.................................... 20 cents............................................................ Over 20 and under 25 cents.................................... 25 cents............................................................ Over 25 cents...................................................... Uniform percentage................................................... 5 percent........................................................... 10 percent.......................................................... 15 percent.......................................................... Other formal paid differential....................................... 79.3 77.3 64.8 1.7 4.2 25.6 .1 2.4 5.9 1.3 8.9 4.3 7.3 1.0 1.3 .8 11.6 7.8 3.6 .2 .9 - - 11.4 6.9 3.6 21.6 9.8 11.8 - 1.3 9.0 17.6 1.3 2.6 5.1 1.1 .4 19.5 8.8 10.7 - 29.9 29.9 12.0 57.4 56.7 39.8 - 70.0 67.8 31.9 - 5.2 18.2 5.4 - 3.0 35.9 35.9 - Third or other late shift Workers in establishments with thirdor other late shift provisions........................................... With shift differential................................................... Uniform cents per hour.............................................. Under 10 cents........................................... ......... 10 cents............................................................ 12 cents............................................................ 13 cents............................................................ 15 cents............................................................ 16 cents............................................................ 17 cents............................................................ 20 cents............................................................ Over 20 and under 25 cents.................................... 25 cents............................................................ Over 25 cents..................................................... Uniform percentage................................................... 5 percent........................................................... 10 percent.......................................................... 13 percent.......................................................... 15 percent.......................................................... 20 percent.......................................................... Other formal paid differential.................................... 66.3 66.2 53.9 .5 7.9 3.3 .4 22.3 1.3 .1 9.0 3.1 4.2 1.9 9.9 .8 7.4 .1 1.0 .3 2.4 * - 2.8 9.1 .8 - 9.8 8.2 - 1.5 - 23.5 5.0 5.1 4.7 15.1 - 10.4 4.7 1.8 1 Refers to policies of establishments currently operating late shifts or having provisions covering late shifts. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. - NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 62.7 62.7 21.3 5.2 10.4 5.7 38.9 - 35.9 2.5 - 6.0 - Table 23. Shift differential practices (Percent of production workers in nonferrous foundries employed on late shifts by amount of pay differential, United States and selected regions, May 1975) Shift differential United States' New England Southeast Great Lakes Middle West 16.1 15.3 11.1 (2) 2.0 .1 „ 2.1 4.6 .1 .1 1.8 .3 4.2 2.6 1.7 - 20.5 19.8 8.6 2.0 4.2 2.0 .4 11.3 11.3 - 22.2 21.8 19.4 .5 1.3 5.7 (2) 1.2 3.4 1.0 1.8 2.2 2.2 .2 2.4 2.1 .3 - 11.5 11.5 11.0 .3 7.7 - - - - 5.1 5.1 4.7 (*) 1.1 .7 1.4 .5 .3 .2 .5 .4 .3 (*) 2.3 2.3 2.2 .2 Middle Atlantic Pacific Second shift Workers employed on second shift....................................... Receiving differential................................................... Uniform cents per hour.............................................. 5 cents............................................................. Over 5 and under 10 cents..................................... 10 cents............................................................ 11 cents............................................................ 12 cents............................................................ 13 cents............................................................ 14 cents............................................................ 15 cents............................................................ Over 15 and under 20 cents .................................... 20 cents............................................................ Over 20 and under 25 cents.................................... 25 cents............................................................ Over 25 cents..................................................... Uniform percentage................................................... 5 percent ............................... ............................... 10 percent 15 percent ............................... Other formal paid differential....................................... 18.2 17.8 14.8 .4 .9 4.9 (2) .6 2.0 .5 2.2 1.2 1.4 .3 .2 .1 2.9 2.2 .6 .1 .2 10.2 10.2 7.3 - 4.4 4.4 3.4 (2) .6 .3 (2) 1.4 .4 .2 .2 .2 .9 .2 .7 1.2 1.2 .2 - 2.5 2.4 2.4 - 12.7 12.7 2.0 - - - - .2 10 1.4 .4 .3 .3 .1 .3 1.8 10.6 - - 1.0 - - .3 4.1 2.2 .7 2.9 1.0 2.0 - 2.1 1.0 .5 .5 - 9.8 9.8 8.0 .3 3.0 1.3 1.0 1.5 _ .5 .4 1.8 Third or other late shift Workers employed on third or other late shift........................................................ Receiving differential................................................... Uniform cents per hour.............................................. Under 10 cents 10 cents..... 12 cents..... 13 cents..... 15 cents............................................................ 16 cents............................................................ 17 cents............................................................ 20 cents............................................................ Over 20 and under 25 cents.................................... 25 cents............................................................ Over 25 cents..................................................... Uniform percentage................................................... 5 percent........................................................... 10 percent.......................................................... 13 percent.......................................................... 15 percent.......................................................... 20 percent.......................................................... Other formal paid differential................... ................... - (2) .1 .1 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. - Less than 0.05 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. ~ - 10.1 - - .1 - - ~ ' - .1 .4 1.3 _ .2 - 1.8 1.8 .5 .1 _ .2 _ .1 _ _ .2 _ .2 - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - 1.3 Table 24. Paid holidays (Percent of production and office workers in nonferrous foundries with formal provisions for paid holidays, United States and selected regions, May 1975) Number of paid holidays United States1 New England Middle Atlantic Southeast Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Production workers All workers.............................................................. Workers in establishments providing paid holidays.................................................. 3 days..................................................................... 4 days ..................................................................... 5 days ..................................................................... 5 days plus 1 half d a y................................................ 6 days ..................................................................... 6 days plus 1 or 2 half d a y s ........................................ 7 days..................................................................... 7 days plus 1 or 2 half d a y s ........................................ 8 days ..................................................................... 8 days plus 1 or 2 half d a y s........................................ 9 days ..................................................................... 9 days plus 1 half d a y................................................ 9 days plus 2 half d a y s.............................................. 10 days ................................................................... 10 days plus 1 or 2 half d a ys....................................... 11 days................................................................... 12 days ................................................................... 13 days................................................................... 14 days................................................................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 (*) (1 2) 1 (*> 9 1 7 2 13 1 12 1 1 21 (*) 13 7 (2) 9 100 4 8 5 11 7 13 10 9 24 8 - 100 1 4 1 2 3 2 2 9 1 2 15 2 24 14 2 17 100 2 6 17 3 5 12 7 5 3 4 36 100 6 (*) 4 1 16 (2) 10 1 27 18 8 8 100 2 22 1 16 1 7 2 20 26 4 - 100 1 20 19 4 17 2 26 1 10 - - Office workers All workers.............................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Workers in establishments providing paid holidays.................................................. 4 days ..................................................................... 5 days ..................................................................... 5 days plus 1 half d ay................................................ 6 days ..................................................................... 6 days plus 1 or 2 half d a y s ........................................ 7 days..................................................................... 7 days plus 1 or 2 half d a y s ........................................ 8 days..................................................................... 8 days plus 1 or 2 half d a y s ........................................ 9 days ..................................................................... 9 days plus 1 half d ay................................................ 9 days plus 2 half d a ys.............................................. 10 days ................................................................... 10 days plus 1 or 2 half d a ys.................................. . 11 days................................................................... 12 days ................................................................... 13 days ................................................................... 14 days ................................................................... 99 (2) (*) (*) 7 1 5 2 13 2 13 1 1 21 1 12 12 (2) 7 100 12 13 18 3 13 15 19 7 ~ 100 (2) 3 1 2 2 1 9 1 2 16 2 24 21 1 10 100 3 14 5 6 10 19 12 5 2 - 100 5 (2) 2 2 15 12 1 26 13 14 10 100 8 3 16 2 9 1 19 39 3 - 100 16 14 2 22 6 28 12 - - - 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. - Table 25. Paid vacations (Percent of production and office workers in nonferrous foundries with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and selected regions. May 1975) Vacation policy United States1 New England Middle Atlantic Southeast Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Production Workers All workers.............................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 80 20 96 82 14 100 75 25 100 95 5 100 72 28 100 98 2 100 98 2 75 8 11 6 86 10 _ 63 14 14 9 55 2 42 _ 75 9 8 8 95 5 _ _ 88 3 10 _ 48 20 25 6 (•‘) 33 37 26 - 31 23 35 11 _ 47 3 47 _ 2 54 22 16 8 - 79 12 8 _ _ 36 18 44 2 _ 14 16 52 16 1 14 30 51 - 11 17 44 26 2 27 3 32 36 2 14 22 47 17 _ 28 6 49 16 _ 9 2 87 2 _ 2 1 68 12 11 6 - 3 3 53 17 16 9 1 _ 58 3 38 _ 1 _ 68 14 9 8 7 13 56 19 5 _ _ _ 90 1 9 _ 1 (s> 20 7 52 17 2 51 10 34 - (•*) 1 (••’) _ 12 8 57 21 2 4 _ 33 4 54 5 _ 1 19 51 8 17 (:‘) _ 5 _ 41 17 35 2 4 _ 14 2 53 10 16 _ _ 2 - _ _ 1 (:‘) Method of payment Workers in establishments providing paid vacations................................................. Length-of-time payment................................................. Percentage payment..................................................... Amount of vacation pay2 A fter 1 year of service: 1 week................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks ............................................ 2 weeks .................................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks............................................ A fter 2 years of service: 1 week................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks ............................................ 2 weeks .................................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks ............................................ 3 weeks .................................................................. A fter 3 years of service: 1 week................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks ...................... Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks .................................................................. A fter S years of service: 1 week................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks ............................................ 2 weeks .................................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks............................................ 3 weeks.................................................................. Over 3 and under 4 weeks............................................ 4 84 8 - A fter 10 years of service: 1 week............................ ,..................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks ............................................ 2 weeks .................................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks............................................ 3 weeks.................................................................. Over 3 and under 4 weeks............................................ 4 weeks.................................................................. - - 17 11 46 23 3 31 5 22 38 2 1 _ 21 2 26 6 41 - (;‘) 10 2 42 9 30 7 - - _ _ 38 1 59 1 1 A fter 15 years of service: 1 week................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks ............................................ 2 weeks .................................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks............................................ 3 weeks.................................................................. Over 3 and under 4 weeks............................................ 4 weeks .................................................................. Over 4 and under 5 weeks............................................ 5 weeks.................................................................. 11 1 46 12 28 2 (*) _ After 20 years of service: 1' week................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks ............................................ 2 weeks.................................................................. See footnotes at end of table. 1 (•*) 10 - 19 - _ 8 21 _ 5 _ _ 24 1 66 2 7 _ 4 _ _ 14 23 Table 25. Paid vacations—Continued (Percent of production and office workers in nonferrous foundries with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and selected regions, May 1975) Vacation policy United States' New England Middle Atlantic Southeast Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Production workers— Continued Amount of vacation pay- Continued CO After 20 years of service: Over 2 and under 3 weeks ........................................... 3 weeks................. .......... Over 3 and under 4 weeks ......... 4 weeks................. .......... Over 4 and under 5 weeks........................................... 5 weeks .................................................................. 6 weeks .................................................................. After 25 years of service:4 1 week.................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks........................................... 2 weeks .................................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks........................................... 3 weeks .................................................................. Over 3 and under 4 weeks........................................... 4 weeks .................................................................. Over 4 and under 5 weeks ........................................... 5 weeks.................................................................. Over 5 and under 6 weeks........................................... 6 weeks.................. ............................................... Over 6 weeks............................................................ (:‘) 26 3 42 6 11 1 19 57 - 1 22 6 40 5 16 3 1 (:l) 10 (:‘) 23 2 32 11 * 17 2 2 1 19 _ 16 49 11 (•*) 8 1 17 5 24 11 23 - - - o 20 2 52 10 11 - 41 4 32 5 - 1 49 4 19 5 - 1 21 2 18 14 41 (•«) 5 19 2 35 18 18 3 1 - 4 14 41 4 32 23 1 39 2 31 - - - 8 3 - , 2 22 13 38 2 - 2 5 5 - - - - Office workers All workers.............................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Method of payment Workers in establishments providing paid vacations................................................ Length-of-time payment................................................. Percentage payment..................................................... 99 95 4 100 100 - 100 87 12 100 97 3 100 98 2 100 98 2 97 97 - 47 4 48 1 55 45 - 33 11 56 - 70 30 - 39 2 58 - 79 7 14 74 1 22 - 23 10 64 1 2 20 15 56 9 13 13 71 3 49 40 11 20 7 71 2 - 68 ,10 8 14 - 19 10 67 1 - 7 6 72 6 8 18 72 16 49 8 5 73 5 9 24 7 56 14 93 1 9 4 10 66 12 8 1 6 (:‘) 1 9 6 Am ount of vacation pay2 After 1 year of service: 1 week.................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks.................................. ........ 2 weeks .................................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks........................................... A fter 2 years of service: 1 week.................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks........................................... 2 weeks.................................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks........................................... 3 weeks .................................................................. A fter 3 years of service: 1 week.................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks........................................... 2 weeks.................................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks........................................... 3 weeks .................................................................. - - - 35 - 3 - - A fte r 5 years of service: 1 week.................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks........................................... See footnotes at end of table. 1 1 - - - - - - Table 25. Paid vacations—Continued (Percent of production and office workers in nonferrous foundries with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and selected regions, May 1975) Vacation policy United States' New England Middle Atlantic Southeast Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Office workers— Continued Amount of vacation pay^Continued After 5 years of service: 2 weeks .................................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks............................................ 3 weeks.................................................................. 4 weeks .................................................................. After 10 years of service: 1 week.................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks............................................ 2 weeks.................................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks............................................ 3 weeks .................................................................. Over 3 and under 4 weeks............................................ 4 weeks .................................................................. After 15 years of service: 1 week................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks 2 weeks .................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks .................................................................. Over 3 and under 4 weeks............................................ 4 weeks .................................................................. Over 4 and under 5 weeks............................................ After 20 years of service: 1 week.................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks............................................ 2 weeks .................................................................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks............................................ 3 weeks .................................................................. Over 3 and under 4 weeks............................................ 4 weeks.................................................................. Over 4 and under 5 weeks............................................ 5 weeks .................................................................. After 25 years of service:4 1 week.................................................................... Over 1 and under 2 weeks............................................ 2 weeks.................. Over 2 and under 3 weeks 3 weeks .................. Over 3 and under 4 weeks 4 weeks .................. Over 4 and under 5 weeks 5 weeks .................................................................. 6 weeks.................................................................. Over 6 weeks ............................................................ 1 2 reflect 3 4 67 8 22 (*) 78 7 9 - 56 17 25 - 53 47 - 67 6 25 - 69 16 - 81 1 15 • - 1 (3) 21 4 58 5 11 70 9 21 _ - 18 8 57 12 5 30 1 45 24 1 12 3 62 5 18 34 3 62 _ - _ 30 1 65 _ 1 1 (*> 11 1 48 6 32 1 30 10 1 44 10 29 5 - _ 25 1 60 _ 11 _ - 49 7 14 - 1 (3) 10 (;‘) 27 3 43 1 13 30 24 46 - 1 (:‘) 10 (:‘) 24 2 39 1 21 1 1 30 16 - 50 - 5 - - 8 1 26 6 42 4 12 8 1 18 6 30 1 28 4 4 - 1 - - 19 1 37 5 38 _ 4 2 47 4 42 _ 19 1 32 22 26 19 1 31 - 1 7 - 41 20 32 _ - - - 4 22 2 52 1 18 7 _ 26 20 48 _ _ 1 - _ _ _ _ 19 1 43 7 _ 26 6 61 38 4 _ 21 (3) 48 2 23 - - _ _ - - - - - 11 - _ _ 25 _ _ Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Vacation payments, such as percent of annual earnings, were converted to an equivalent time basis. Periods of service were chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes indicated at 10 years may include changes that occurred between 5 and 10 years. Less than 0.5 percent. Vacation provisions were virtually the same after longer periods of service. NOTE-. Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. _ 19 1 50 _ 21 _ 6 9 Table 26. Health, insurance, and retirement plans (Percent of production and office workers in nonferrous foundries with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,1 United States and selected regions, May 1975) Type of plan United States2 New England Middle Atlantic Southeast Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Production workers All workers.............................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 96 78 97 76 96 82 99 79 98 81 94 79 92 88 86 70 77 59 83 70 84 69 91 76 94 79 69 65 77 74 60 83 80 67 65 55 51 67 64 55 95 95 77 83 83 70 24 16 13 7 17 14 - 1 13 13 98 75 98 75 98 75 73 53 67 64 58 4 1 4 4 4 96 59 96 59 96 59 79 48 60 60 46 - 3 44 38 99 68 99 68 99 68 63 32 60 60 60 Workers in establishments providing: Life insurance............................................................ Noncontributory p la n s................................................ Accidental death and dismemberment insurance............................................ Noncontributory p la n s................................................ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both3 ................................................. Sickness and accident insurance.................................. Noncontributory p la n s............................................. Sick leave (full pay, no waiting period).................................................. Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period)................................................... Long-term disability insurance......................................... Noncontributory p la n s................................................ Hospitalization insurance............................................... Noncontributory p la n s................................................ Surgical insurance...................................................... Noncontributory p la n s................................................ Medical insurance....................................................... Noncontributory plans . ... Major medical insurance Noncontributory plans . ... Retirement plans4 ...... Pensions............................................................... Noncontributory p la n s............................................. Severance p a y........................................................ No p lan s.................................................................. - - 18 18 99 82 99 82 96 80 71 56 78 76 71 5 1 6 - 1 - 14 14 99 77 99 77 99 77 68 49 73 68 64 7 (») 6 6 2 - - 98 72 98 72 96 72 80 64 54 54 45 - 2 95 89 98 92 98 92 94 88 42 42 27 1 2 - Office workers All workers.............................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 96 76 95 80 98 75 100 70 97 78 94 78 92 89 88 70 65 53 87 71 88 59 94 75 94 78 77 75 80 70 55 86 65 46 75 56 50 77 65 54 95 90 70 80 66 48 32 20 19 50 51 49 28 67 18 11 1 22 15 97 74 98 74 7 9 9 93 56 100 63 1 30 23 99 80 99 80 15 53 35 100 46 100 46 - - Workers in establishments providing: Life insurance............................................................ Noncontributory p la n s................................................ Accidental death and dismemberment insurance............................................ Noncontributory p la n s................................................ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both3 ................................................. Sickness and accident insurance.................................. Noncontributory p la n s............................................. Sick leave (full pay, no waiting period).................................................. Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period)................................................... Long-term disability insurance......................................... Noncontributory p la n s................................................ Hospitalization insurance............................................... Noncontributory p la n s................................................ Surgical insurance...................................................... Nonconnbutory p la n s................................................ See footnotes at end of table. 26 15 98 75 98 75 14 14 100 74 100 74 1 (■) (*) 93 89 97 92 Table 26. Health, insurance, and retirement plans—Continued (Percent of production and office workers in nonferrous foundries with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans,1 United States and selected regions, May 1975) Type of plan United States1 2* New England Middle Atlantic 97 74 89 65 71 67 63 5 2 100 63 96 59 58 58 50 96 77 93 68 79 77 76 2 1 Southeast Great Lakes Middle West 98 75 87 63 77 70 67 9 2 99 74 84 66 63 63 56 Pacific Office workers— Continued Medical insurance....................................................... Noncontributory plan s................................................ Major medical insurance............................................... htoncontributory plan s................................................ Retirement plans4 ....................................................... Pensions............................................................... Noncontributory p lan s............................................. Severance p ay........................................................ No p lan s................................................................. - - 100 46 100 46 54 54 54 _ - _ - 97 92 93 88 50 49 34 1 3 1 Includes those plans for which the employer pays at least part of the cost and excludes legally required plans such as workers’ compensation and social security; however, plans required by State temporary disability laws are included if the employer contributes more than is legally required or the employees receive benefits in excess of legal requirements. "Noncontributory plans" include only those plans financed entirely by the employer 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Unduplicated total of workers receiving sickness and accident insurance and sick leave shown separately. 4 Unduplicated total of workers covered by pension plans and severance pay shown separately. * Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Table 27. Other selected benefits (Percent of production and office workers in nonferrous foundries with formal provisions for specified benefits, 1 United States and selected regions, May 1975) Type of benefit United States2 New England Middle Atlantic Southeast Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Production workers Workers in establishments with provisions for: Funeral leave............................................................... Jury duty leave........... Technological severance pay Cost-of-living adjustments Based on BLS Consumer Price Index................................. Based on other measuie Supplemental unemployment benefits................................... Extended vacation p la n s.................................................. Insurance benefits for retirees: Life insurance: No provisions.......................................................... Provisions same for retirees and active workers................................................. Provisions less for retirees than for active workers............................................ Hospitalization insurance: No provisions.......................................................... Provisions same for retirees and active workers................................................. Provisions less for retirees than for active workers............................................ Surgical insurance: No provisions.......................................................... Provisions same for retirees and active workers................................................. Provisions less for retirees than for active workers............................................ Medical insurance: No provisions................................ ......................... Provisions same for retirees and active workers................................................. Provisions less for retirees than for active workers............................................ 26 35 73 68 7 33 32 1 13 2 89 38 10 5 4 - 81 70 8 39 34 5 19 - 68 71 38 36 2 36 - 81 76 12 39 39 15 4 76 83 13 13 3 - 28 28 1 2 68 100 55 57 60 100 96 5 - 12 - 27 - 33 43 36 - 4 72 97 71 57 63 100 96 3 25 40 19 - 5 3 18 - 71 57 63 100 17 5 - - - - 11 - 4 72 100 17 - 25 40 19 - 11 - 5 3 18 - 4 72 100 71 57 63 100 96 17 - 25 40 19 - 11 - 5 3 18 - 78 79 17 15 15 68 89 12 12 96 - 4 Office workers Workers in establishments with provisions for: Funeral leave............................................................... Jury duty leave........... Technological severance pay Cost-of-living adjustments Based on BLS Consumer Price Index................................. Based on other measure............................................... Supplemental unemployment benefits................................... Extended vacation p la n s.................................................. Insurance benefits for retirees: Life insurance: No provisions.......................................................... Provisions same for retirees and active workers................................................. Provisions less for retirees than for active workers............................................ Hospitalization insurance: No provisions.......................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 68 67 12 17 16 1 4 1 91 45 11 9 2 - 65 62 19 14 14 - 70 61 1 35 24 11 - 64 95 54 62 11 - - 9 3 3 - 28 37 27 27 1 - 54 100 98 - - 18 - 14 - 25 5 28 38 32 - 2 70 87 69 62 60 100 98 Table 27. Other selected benefits—Continued (Percent of production and office workers in nonferrous foundries with formal provisions for specified benefits, 1 United States and selected regions, May 1975) Type of benefit United States1 2 New England Middle Atlantic Southeast Great Lakes Middle West Pacific Office workers— Continued Provisions same for retirees and active workers................................................. Provisions less for retirees than for active workers............................................ Surgical insurance: No provisions.......................................................... Provisions same for retirees and active workers................................................. Provisions less for retirees than for active workers............................................ Medical insurance-. No provisions.......................................................... Provisions same for retirees and active workers................................................. Provisions less for retirees than for active workers............................................ 19 9 28 1 25 11 5 3 37 15 71 95 69 62 60 28 1 25 18 11 5 3 37 15 71 95 69 62 60 28 1 25 3 37 15 18 11 1 For definition of items, see appendix B. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 5 2 100 98 100 98 2 2 Appendix A. Regression Analysis 57 cents is added to the constant term, which raises the average hourly earnings to $4.08. Wage differences found by simple cross-tabulation may be labeled gross differentials; those isolated by regression techniques are net differentials. As illustrated in table A-2, net differentials are generally smaller than gross differentials, which is to be expected, because, as stated previously, char acteristics associated with higher wages, such as labor-man agement contract coverage and location in the Great Lakes States, tend to be highly interrelated. Regression techniques, then, permit a more precise measurement of the impact of individual factors on the wage structure of an industry. Regression results substantiate survey findings concern ing the relative importance of certain wage-determining factors on foundry pay levels. As suggested in table A-l, for example, size of establishment appears to be far more important as a wage determinant than coverage by labormanagement agreements. A net wage differential of $1.14 is associated with establishments of 250 workers or more, when compared with those employing 8 to 99 workers; however, union establishments have only a 39-cent advan tage over nonunion foundries. It should be emphasized that the regression analysis is not sufficiently complete to state with certainty that all of the independent effects of employee and establishment characteristics on wage levels have been measured. As table A-l shows, the regression analysis left unexplained about 56 percent of the variation in average earnings levels for all production workers, and from 43 to 82 percent of the varia tion in earnings for the six selected occupations. (See ad justed coefficient of determination, R2.) This could mean that other factors, beyond the scope of the survey, influ enced the estimates, or that part of the variation is subject to random movement. However, by holding constant those characteristics within the survey scope, a definite improve ment in the estimates for specified characteristics was obtained. Conventional methods of analyzing wage variations using cross-tabulations (simple regression) of data typically stop short of measuring the independent influence on wage levels of such factors as size of establishment, location, and union contract status. The independent effect of establishment size, for example, may be obscured by earnings differentials associated with labor-management contract coverage, a characteristic found more often in large than in small estab lishments. One method of isolating the independent effect on wages of various establishment and worker characteristics is mul tiple regression. By this method, the estimated wage differ ential for a given variable is determined independently. The variables included in table A-l are defined, where necessary, in appendix B—Scope and Method of Survey. In the regression equation, one category of each of the variables is not shown explicitly, but its influence is em bodied in the constant term. In table A-l, therefore, the categories represented by the constant term are: Nonmetro politan, small employment size (8 to 99 workers), nonunion, foundries using other than one of the three major casting methods, Middle West region, and, for a number of the selected occupations, female workers and payment on a time basis. The average wage level relating to this set of suppressed characteristics is represented by the value of the constant term. The coefficients of the explicit variables represent the differentials associated with categories of these characteristics differing from the basic set embodied in the constant. The effects of the coefficients on average wage levels are determined by the substitution of the values of the new variables in table A-l for those suppressed in the constant term. For example, for production workers in a union shop, estimated average hourly earnings are higher by 39 cents, or $3.51, when other factors are held constant. Further, if these workers are located in the Great Lakes region, another 36 Table A-1. Regression analysis of average hourly earnings for production workers and selected occupations in nonferrous foundries, May 1975 Selected occupations V ariable C o n s ta n t.................................................................... A ll production workers $ 3 .1 2 ( .23) Male e m p lo y e e s ...................................................... (M M etro po litan a r e a ................................................... ( 1 0 0-24 9 w o rkers...................................................... ( 2 5 0 workers or m o r e ............................................ ( Union fo u n d r y ......................................................... ( In c e n tiv e ......................................................... c) -.0 2 .09) .26 .09 ) 1.14 .10 ) .39 .08) (M (M Regions: N ew E ng land............................................... .35 .24) .53 ( .18) .61 ( .22) .57 ( .1 7 ) . .78 ( .20) ( M iddle A t l a n t i c ........................................ S ou theast...................................................... Great L a k e s ............................................... P acific............................................................. Industry branch: Die c a s tin g ................................................... Perm anent-m old c a s t in g ........................ Statistical inform ation: Adjusted co efficien t of determ ination (R 2 ) ........................... Standard error o f the e s tim a te .............. Mean ( Y ) ...................................................... Num ber o f observations ( N ) ................. Num ber o f establishments ( S ) .............. Diecasting m achine operators (operate only) Molders, m achine Inspectors (Class C) $ 2 .9 5 ( .28) .42 ( .14) .26 ( .11) .39 ( .11) .93 ( .14) .27 ( .08) .72 ( .12) $ 1 .7 0 (1 .4 6 ) .6 5 ( .54) -.31 ( .17) -.1 8 ( .17) 1.07 ( .18) .78 ( .15) .19 ( .15) $ 2 .8 6 ( .99) -.0 4 ( .89) .55 ( .18) .97 ( .21) .72 ( .27) .0 2 ( .12) .55 ( .16) $ 2 .9 6 ( .45) .33 ( .11) -.5 8 ( .14) .27 ( .15) 1.05 ( .14) .2 9 ( .14) .18 ( .21) .02 .30) -.1 3 .27) -.4 3 .32) .36 .24) .31 .28) .66 .51) .63 ( .43) .88 ( .44) .88 ( .43) .36 ( .49) ( ( ( ( ( -.0 8 .22) -.0 2 .16) -.1 7 .25) .5 0 .15) .27 .16) ( ( ( ( .90 .61) .61 .47) .48 .46) .52 .44) 1.47 .50) ( ( ( ( ( -.1 7 ( .22) .10 ( .18) -.2 0 ( .25) 1.17 (1 .3 2 ) 1.30 (2 .1 6 ) 1.03 (1 .4 5 ) -1 .0 8 ( .81) 1.09 ( .68) 1.25 ( .79) .4 4 $ .6 9 $ 4 .4 5 367 367 .53 $ .58 $ 4 .0 8 255 205 .54 $ .69 $4.61 122 116 .45 $ .71 $ 4 .7 6 155 151 1 Not applicable. 2 Less than $0,005. ( -.0 3 .22) .31 ( .27) -.1 9 ( .30) Maintenance workers, general u tility $ 3 .9 2 ( .31 ) (M .3 5 .12 ) .2 6 .12) .8 6 .14) .17 .11) -.2 2 .25) $2.71 ( .46) .2 4 ( .29 ) .05 ( .16) .0 6 ( .13) 1.26 ( .18) .48 ( .09) .35 ( .18) -.3 2 .35) -.0 7 .23) -.0 7 .30) .13 .19) .5 4 .26) .1 9 .39) .2 6 ( .31) .3 0 ( .34) .6 8 ( .30) .55 ( .33) (M ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Laborers, general fo un dry ( ( ( .01 .23) (2 ) ( .23) -.0 7 ( .28) -.4 8 ( .20) .01 ( .19) -.6 4 ( .34) .57 $ .6 0 $ 4 .2 8 153 121 .1 8 $ .6 9 $ 4 .6 4 201 201 .55 $ .54 $3.71 160 153 standard error, and about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice the standard error. Y is the mean of the earnings (dependent) variable weighted by production workers. N is the num ber of observations used in each regression equation: time and incentive workers and subclassifications of jobs in a firm as separate observations. S represents the number of establishments in the sam ple or with employees in the occupations shown. NOTE: Numbers in parentheses are standard errors. Since the regression coefficients are based on a sample, they may differ from a figure obtained from a complete census of the industry. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estimate from the sample would differ from a total census-derived value by less than the ( .16 .16) .42 ( .16) .07 ( .20) ( Sand c a s tin g ............................................... Chippers and grinders 37 Table A-2. Earnings differentials associated with selected characteristics, nonferrous foundries. May 1975 Selected occupations Characteristic Great Lakes to M iddle West region: Gross d i f f e r e n t ia l............................... N et d i f f e r e n t ia l .................................. Establishments w ith m ore than 2 5 0 workers to those w ith 8 to 9 9 workers: Gross d i f f e r e n t ia l............................... N et d i f f e r e n t i a l .................................. Union to nonunion establishments: Gross differen tial ............................... N et d i f f e r e n t ia l.................................. A ll production workers Chippers and grinders Diecasting machine operators (operate only) Molders, machine Inspectors (Class C) Maintenance workers, general u tility Laborers, general fo u n d ry $ 0 .7 9 .57 < .17) $ 0 .7 7 .5 0 ( .15) $ 1 .0 5 .52 ( .44 ) $ 0 .6 3 .36 ( .24) $ 1 .0 2 .8 8 ( .43) $ 0 .2 7 .1 3 ( .19 ) $ 0 .2 7 .6 8 ( .30 ) 1.21 1.14 ( .1 0 ) 1.08 .93 ( .1 4 ) 1.43 1.07 ( .1 8 ) .6 4 .72 ( .2 7 ) 1.1 4 1.0 5 ( .1 4 ) .71 .8 6 ( .1 4 ) 1.4 4 1.2 6 < .1 8 ) .71 .39 ( .08) .31 .27 .08) .98 .7 8 .15 ) -.01 .02 ( .12) .6 4 .29 ( .14 ) .2 8 .17 .11 ) .57 .4 8 ( .09) i ( NOTE: Standard errors of net differentials are shown in paren theses. 38 ( Appendix B. Scope and Method of Survey percent was permanent-mold castings, all workers in that establishment were considered as producing die castings. Scope of survey The survey included establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing castings and die castings of aluminum, brass, bronze, and other nonferrous metals (SIC 336 as defined in the 1967 edition of the S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l , prepared by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget). Foundry departments of establishments producing castings for their own use were not included. Separate auxiliary units such as central offices were excluded. Establishments studied were selected from those employ ing eight workers or more at the time of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists. Table B-l shows the number of the establishments and workers estimated to be within the scope of the survey, as well as the number actually studied by the Bureau. Method of study Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s field staff to a representative sample of establishments within the scope of the survey. To obtain appropriate accu racy at a minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied. In combining the data, however, all establishments were given an appropriate weight. All estimates are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry, excluding only those below the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe data. Establishment definition Products An establishment is defined for this study as a single physical location where manufacturing operations are per formed. An establishment is not necessarily identical with a company, which may consist of one establishment or more. Classification of establishments by product was based on the principal type of casting manufactured. For example, if 40 percent of the total value of an establishment’s produc tion was die castings, 30 percent was sand castings, and 30 Table B-1. Estimated number of establishments and employees within scope of survey and number studied, nonferrous foundries, May 1975 Number of establishments5 Region1 and area2 United States5 ............................................................... New England .... Middle Atlantic ... New York, N.Y. Philadelphia ............................................................... Newark, N.J................................................................ Southeast .................................................................... Great Lakes................................................................. Chicago, I I I ............................................................... Cleveland, O hio.......................................................... Detroit, Mich............................................................... Milwaukee, Wis............................................................ MiddleiWest.................................................................. Pacific........................................................................ Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif.......................................... Within scope of study 1,286 88 242 46 30 22 70 503 98 41 42 27 71 202 122 Workers in establishments Within scope of study Actually studied Actually studied 367 24 77 12 11 9 24 120 26 14 11 14 25 61 36 Total4 Production workers 67,976 54,441 38,845 CTB OT 13,045 1,664 2,049 1,722 3,789 33,001 4,043 2,765 1,858 2,337 10,267 1,308 1,585 1,297 3,121 26,545 3,165 2,161 1,440 1,712 8,661 632 1,682 1,200 2,870 17,391 2,277 1,841 1,005 2,002 3,645 6,867 4,552 2,966 5,503 3,768 2,327 3,296 2,028 TM 1 The regions used in this study include N e w E n g la n d — Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; M iddle Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; S o u t h e a s t — Alablama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; G reat L a k e s — Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; M id dle W est— Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; and Pac#Y/c— California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. 2 See individual area tables 12-19 for definitions of selected areas. 3 Includes only those establishments with 8 workers or more at the time of reference of the universe data. 4 Includes executive., professional,, and other workers in addition to the production and office worker categories shown separately. A tla n tic— H e w * Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the study. 39 Em ploym ent Size of com m unity Estimates of the number of workers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition of the industry’s labor force, rather than as precise measures of employment. Tabulations by size of community pertain to metro politan and nonmetropolitan areas. The term “metropoli tan areas,” as used in this bulletin, refers to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Bucfget through February 1974. Except in New England, a Standard Metropolitan Statis tical Area is defined as a county or group of contiguous counties which contains at least one city of 50,000 inhab itants or more. Counties contiguous to the one containing such a city are included in a Standard Metropolitan Statis tical Area if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially metropolitan in character and are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In New England, where the city and town are administratively more important than the county, they are the units used in defining Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas. Production workers and office workers The terms “production workers” and “production and related workers,” used interchangeably in this bulletin, include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers engaged in nonoffice activities. Administrative, executive, professional, and technical personnel, and force-account construction employees, who are used as a separate work force on the firm’s own properties, are excluded. “Office workers” includes all nonsupervisory office workers and excludes administrative, executive, profes sional, and technical employees. Occupations selected for study Labor-management agreements Occupational classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestab lishment and interarea variations in duties within the same job. (See appendix C for these descriptions.) The criteria for selection of the occupations were: The number of workers in the occupation; the usefulness of the data in collective bargaining; and appropriate representation of the entire job scale in the industry. Working supervisors, appren tices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, parttime, temporary, and probationary workers were not re ported in the data for selected occupations but were included in the data for all production workers. Separate wage data are presented, where possible, for establishments that had (1) a majority of the production workers covered by labor-management contracts, and (2) none or a minority of the production workers covered by labor-management contracts. Method of wage payment Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the number of workers paid under the various time and incen tive wage systems. Formal rate structure for time-rated workers provide single rates or a range of rates for individual job categories. In the absence of a formal rate structure, pay rates are determined primarily by the qualifications of the individual worker. A single rate structure is one in which the same rate is paid to all experienced workers in the same job classification. (Learners, apprentices, or probationary workers may be paid according to rate schedules which start below the single rate and permit the workers to achieve the full job rate over a period of time.) An experienced worker occasionally may be paid above or below the single rate for special reasons, but such payments are exceptions. Range-of-rate plans are those in which the minimum, maxi mum, or both of these rates paid experienced workers for the same job are specified. Specific rates of individual work ers within the range may be determined by merit, length of service, or a combination of these. Incentive workers are classified under piecework or bonus plans. Piecework is work for which a predetermined rate is paid for each unit of output. Production bonuses are for production in excess of a quota or for completion of a task in less than standard time. Wage data Information on wages relates to straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive payments, such as those resulting from piecework or production bonus systems, and cost-of-living bonuses were included as part of the workers’ regular pay. Nonproduction bonus payments, such as Christmas or yearend bonuses, were excluded. for each occupation or category of workers, such as production workers, were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number of individuals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were obtained by dividing straight-time salary by normal rather than actual hours. The m i d d l e r a n g e is defined by two rates of pay such that one-fourth of the employees earned less than the lower of these rates and one-fourth earned more than the higher Digitizedrate. for FRASER A v e r a g e ( m e a n ) h o u r ly r a te s o r e a r n in g s 40 Scheduled weekly hours Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work schedule for full-time production workers (or office work ers) employed on the day shift. Shift provisions and practices Shift provisions relate to the policies of establishments either currently operating late shifts or having formal provi sions covering late-shift work. Practices relate to workers employed on late shifts at the time of the survey. Supplementary benefits Supplementary benefits in an establishment were con sidered applicable to all production (office) workers if they applied to half of such workers or more in the establish ment. Similarly, if fewer than half of the workers were covered, the benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because of length-of-service and other eligi bility requirements, the proportion of workers receiving the benefits may be smaller than estimated. Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day and half-day holidays provided annually. P a id h o lid a y s . The summaries of vacation plans are limited to formal arrangements and exclude informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em ployer or supervisor. Payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 week’s pay. The periods of service for which data are presented represent the most common practices, but they do not necessarily re flect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes in proportions indicated at 10 years of service may include changes which occurred between 5 and 10 years. P a id v a c a tio n s . , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s . Data are presented for health, insurance, pension, and retirement severance plans for which the employer pays all or a part of the cost, excluding programs required by law such as workmen’s compensation and social security. Among plans included are those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those paid directly by the employer from his current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes at least a part of the cost. However, in New York and New Jersey, H e a lth 41 where temporary disability insurance laws require employer contributions,1 plans are included only if the employer (1) contributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employees with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker’s pay during absence from work because of illness; informal arrangements have been omitted. Separate tabulations are provided for (1) plans which provide full pay and no wait ing period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for complete or partial payment of doctors’ fees. Such plans may be underwritten by a commercial insurance company or a non profit organization, or they may be a form of self-insurance. Major medical insurance, sometimes referred to as ex tended medical or catastrophe insurance, includes plans designed to cover employees for sickness or injury involv ing an expense which exceeds the normal coverage of hos pitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to plans which provide regular payments for the remainder of the retiree’s life. Data are presented separately for retirement severance pay (one payment or several over a specified period of time) made to employees on retirement. Estab lishments providing both retirement severance payments and retirement pensions to employees were considered as having both retirement pensions and retirement severance plans; however, establishments having optional plans pro viding employees a choice of either retirement severance payments or pensions were considered as having only re tirement pension benefits. Data for paid funeral and jury-duty leave relate to formal plans which provide at least partial payment for time lost as a result of attending funerals of specified family members or serving as a juror. P a i d f u n e r a l a n d j u r y - d u t y le a v e . T e c h n o l o g i c a l s e v e r a n c e p a y . Data relate to formal plans providing for payments to employees permanently separated from the company because of a technological change or plant closing. Data refer to formal plans which supplement benefits paid under State unem ployment systems. S u p p le m e n ta l u n e m p lo y m e n t b e n e fits . Provisions for cost-of-living pay adjustments relate to formal plans whereby wage rates are adjusted periodically, in keeping with changes in the Consumer Price Index or on some other basis. C o s t-o f - liv in g p a y a d ju s tm e n ts . 1The temporary disability insurance laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. Appendix C. Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classi fying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau’sjob descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field staff are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, tem porary, and probationary workers. metal castings. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Selec ting appropriate core boxes and work sequence; cleaning core boxes with compressed air or hand bellows, and dusting parting sand over inside of core box to facilitate removal of finished core; packing and ramming core sand solidly into box, using shovels, hands, and tamping tools; selecting and setting vent wires and reinforcing wires into cores; deter mining appropriate sand blends and moisture content of sand required for a particular core; removing core box from core and repairing damage to impressions; baking cores to harden them; assembling cores of more than one section. Chipper and grinder ( A ir h a m m e r m a n ; b e n c h g r in d e r ; c h ip p e r ; d is c g r in d e r ; f a c e g r in d e r o p e r a to r ; p o r ta b le - g r in d e r o p e r a to r ; p o w e r c h is e l o p e r a to r ; s h a f t g r in d e r ; sn a g g e r; s ta n d g r in d e r ; s w in g -fr a m e g r in d e r ) Operates one or more types of chipping or grinding equip ment in removing undesirable projections or surplus metal (fins, burrs, gates, risers, weld seams) from sand- or diecastings, forgings, or welded units. The more common types of equipment employed for such operations include pneu matic chisels, portable grinding tools, stand grinders, and swing-frame grinders. A variety of hand tools including hammers, cold chisels, hand files and saws may also be utilized by the operator in his work. For wage study purposes, workers are to be classified according to whether they specialize in either chipping or grinding or perform both operations as follows: Coremaker, machine Shapes sand cores, used in molds to produce hollows and holes in castings, using a turn-over-draw machine to compact the sand and to facilitate the removal of the finished core from the core boxes. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Selecting the appropriate core box and setting it up on machine table; filling core box with sand of appropriate blend and moisture content; operating machine to compress sand in the core box; stripping box from core; and smooth ing core and repairing damages to impressions. C h ip p e r G r in d e r C h ip p e r a n d g r in d e r Core assembler and finisher Die-casting-machine operator (C o r e P a s te r ) Pastes or sticks together sections of baked sand cores to form completed cores which are used in molds to produce holes or hollows in castings. Fills in any cracks or seams on core with a paste of silica powder and water. Brushes a graphite facing on the surface of the core. Operates a die-casting machine which makes zinc, alumi num or magnesium alloyed castings. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Charging furnace with slabs of metal and adding specified quantities of alloy; transferring molten alloy to heated reservoir of machine with a crane or hand ladle; removing metal fragments from the die surfaces and brush ing cavities with a compound to prevent the casting from adhering to the die; regulating valves to heat the furnace, to circulate water through the die, and to force hot metal into the die; moving levers to open and close the two halves Coremaker, hand Shapes by hand (on bench or floor) varying types of sand cores placed in molds to form hollows and holes in 42 of the water-cooled die; hooking completed casting from the die with a steel wire and cooling it in water. Operators of die-casting machines designed to perform one or more of the above operations automatically are to be included. For wage study purposes, die-casting-machine operators are classified as follows: D ie - c a s tin g - m a c h in e o p e r a to r ( s e t- u p a n d o p e r a te ) Filer, heavy (die castings) Works to close tolerances in removing excess metal and surface defects from a variety of large and intricately shaped die castings, using files and scrapers. May a l s o knock off gates and flash or pound castings into alinement, using mallets, and remove excess metal from holes, using hand punches. D ie - c a s tin g - m a c h in e o p e r a to r ( o p e r a te o n l y ) Furnace tender Die-casting-machine, set-up worker (F u rn a c e o p e r a to r ) Sets up die-casting machines that make nonferrous cast ings. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Lifting specified die sections into machine; securing die sections in position, and adjusting stroke of ram; connecting water hoses to cooling system; preheating die sections; turning valves and setting dials to regulate flow of water circulating through die, timing cycle, and operating speed of machine. May per form minor maintenance on machine and dismantle dies for repair. Maintenance mechanics who may do some set-up of die-casting machines are excluded. Electrician, maintenance Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equip ment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, con trollers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layout, or other specifications; locat ing and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equip ment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; using a variety of electrician’s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance elec trician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Filer, light (die castings) Removes excess metal and surface defects from small metal die castings, performing simple repetitive finishing operations. Work involves: Receiving instructions for finish ing procedures; fastening castings in holding devices; and removing burrs, ejector pin marks, and flash, using files and scrapers. May a l s o break flash and gates from castings, using mallets, and remove flash from holes with hand punches. 43 Fires and charges a furnace in which various metals or alloys are melted to be used in making castings. Regulates the temperature of the furnace; charges with pig or scrap metal; removes molten metal from furnace when metal is at proper pouring temperature. May transport and pour molten metal into molds. Inspector Inspects parts, products and/or processes. Performs such operations as examining parts or products for flaws and de fects, checking their dimensions and appearances to deter mine whether they meet the required standards and specifi cations. - Responsible for decisions regarding the quality of the product and/or operations. Work i n v o l v e s a n y c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Thorough knowledge of the processing operations in the branch of work to which he is assigned, including the use of a variety of precision measuring instruments; interpreting drawings and speci fications in inspection work on units composed of a large number of component parts; examining a variety of pro ducts or processing operations; determining causes of flaws in products and/or processes and suggesting neces sary changes to correct work methods; devising inspection procedures for new products. C la s s A - Work involves a n y c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e f o l l o w knowledge of processing operations in the branch of work to which he is assigned, limited to familiar products and processes or where performance is dependent on past experience; performing inspection operations on products and/or processes having rigid specifications, but where the inspection procedures involve a sequence of inspec tion operations, including decisions regarding proper fit or performance of some parts; using precision measuring instruments. C la s s B in g : - Work involves a n y c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e f o l l o w short-cycle, repetitive inspection operations; using a standardized, special-purpose measuring instrument repe titively; visual examination of parts or products, reject ing units having obvious deformities or flaws. C la s s C in g : Laborer, general, foundry ( G e n e r a l la b o r e r ) Performs a variety of unskilled tasks involved in produc tion operations, such as handling sand, castings, scrap, coal, and oil; cleaning tanks, floors, and around machines; and removing debris. May handle cores and straighten rods, wires, pipes, etc. Exclude workers performing the duties of M a t e r i a l H a n d l i n g L a b o r e r s , as well as those employed as helpers, who are learning skilled jobs such as molders and coremakers. in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the produc tion of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the produc tion of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for opera tion. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic re quires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose p r i m a r y d u t i e s involve setting up or adjusting ma chines. Laborer, material handling Millwright (L o a d er and u n lo a d e r ; tr u c k e r ; s to c k m a n h a n d le r o r s to c k and s ta c k e r ; s h e lv e r ; h e lp e r ; w a r e h o u s e m e n or w a r e h o u s e h e lp e r ) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve o n e o r m o r e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Loading and unloading various mate rials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; trans porting materials or merchandise by hand, truck, car, or wheelbarrow. L o n g s h o r e m e n , w h o l o a d a n d u n l o a d s h i p s , a re e x c lu d e d . Excludes F o u n d r y L a b o r e r (General Helper) assisting in the production operations, such as “shifter” in floor-mold department and “core-transfer-man” in core making depart ment. Installs new machines or heavy equipment and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting stand ard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the mill wright’s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal appren ticeship or equivalent training and experience. Molder, floor Maintenance worker, general utility Keeps the machines, mechanical equipment and/or struc ture of an establishment (usually a small plant where spe cialization in maintenance work is impractical) in repair. Duties involve the performance of operations and the use of tools and equipment of several trades, rather than spe cialization in one trade or one type of maintenance work only. Work involves a c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Plan ning and laying out of work relating to repair of buildings, machines, mechanical and/or electrical equipment; repairing electrical and/or mechanical equipment; installing, alining and balancing new equipment; repairing building, floors, stairs, as well as making and repairing bins, cribs, and parti tions. Mechanic, maintenance Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an estab lishment. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of hand-tools 44 Shapes large molds or mold sections by hand on the foundry floor or in a pit, by ramming or packing sand around patterns placed in flasks. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Selecting and assembling appropriate flasks and patterns and positioning patterns in flasks for a variety of molds; determination of appropriate sand blends, and moisture content of sand required for different molds; packing and ramming sand or loam around patterns; draw ing patterns and smoothing molds; selecting and setting in position appropriate cores; determination of appropriate gating, venting, reinforcing and facing required for particu lar mold; assembling mold sections to form complete molds, using such molder’s handtools as riddles, rammers, trowels, slicks, lifters, bellows and mallets in compacting and smoothing of molds; directing the pouring of the molten metal into molds; operating a crane in lifting and moving of molds or mold sections. Molder, hand, bench Shapes small and medium-sized molds (or component sections of a mold that are assembled into complete units) Packer, shipping by hand on a bench, by ramming and packing sand around patterns placed in flasks. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w in g : Selecting and assembling appropriate flasks and patterns for varying molds; determination of appropriate sand blends and moisture content of sand required for different types of molds; packing and ramming green sand, dry sand or loam around patterns; drawing patterns and smoothing molds; selecting and setting cores in position; determina tion of the types of gating necessary for the molds; finish ing molds by performing such operations as facing, venting, and reinforcing; assembling mold sections to form complete molds; selecting and using such molder’s handtools as riddles, trowels, slicks, lifters, bellows and mallets in packing and smoothing of molds or mold sections; directing the pouring of the molten metals. Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and num ber of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve o n e o r m o r e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; applying labels or entering identify ing data on container . P a c k e r s w h o a l s o m a k e w o o d e n b o x e s o r c r a te s a re e x c lu d e d . Permanent-mold-machine operator Makes castings using a permanent mold casting machine in which the casting metal is subjected to the force of grav ity or centrifugal force. D i e - c a s t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s a r e Molder, machine Shapes molds or mold sections on any of several types of molding machines, such as rollover, jarring, and squeeze machines. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Selecting and assembling appropriate flasks and patterns and posi tioning patterns in flasks; filling flasks with sand and ram ming of sand around pattern with ramming tool or by mechanical means; determination of appropriate sand blends and moisture content of sand required for particular molds; preparing molds for drawing of patterns, and repair ing damage to mold impressions in sand; selecting and set ting in position appropriate cores; determination of appro priate venting, gating, reinforcing and facing required; assembling upper and lower sections of molds, and guiding or assisting in the pouring of the molten metal into the mold. to b e e x c l u d e d f r o m th is c la s s if ic a tio n . ( S e e j o b d e s c r ip tio n f o r d ie - c a s tin g m a c h in e o p e r a to r .) For wage survey purposes, workers in this occupation are to be classified by method of casting, as follows: , , P e r m a n e n t- m o ld - m a c h in e o p e r a to r g r a v ity c a s tin g P e r m a n e n t- m o ld - m a c h in e o p e r a to r c e n tr if u g a l c a s tin g P e r m a n e n t-m o ld -m a c h in e , c o m b in a tio n o f Polisher and buffer, metal1 Polishes various metal objects in order to produce a smooth surface or a high luster by holding against rapidly rotating wheels made of such materials as muslin, paper, leather, sheepskin, felt and/or block-wheels made of wood and/or straps and belts made of canvas, leather, rubber, etc., and/or flexible shafts and disc wheels. Work involves a n y c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : The attainment of a smooth surface and the removal of flaws and machine marks on a variety of objects involving the maintenance of contours, radii, and uniformity of shape; polishing to close tolerances; selection of proper wheels, shafts, belts, abrasives and polishing compounds; setting up of equipment and main taining of wheels. In general, polishers and buffers included in this classification are required to perform operations which involve a rounded knowledge of the trade such as is usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equi valent training and experience. Patternmaker, wood Builds wooden patterns, core boxes or match plates. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, or models; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; using a variety of patternmaker’s handtools such as saws, planes, chisels, gauges, and mallets; operating various wood working machines such as band saws, circular saws, borers, routers, lathes, planers, drill presses, sanders, and shapers; checking work with calipers, rules, protractors, squares, straight-edges, and other measuring instruments; assembling patterns and sections of patterns by gluing, nailing, screw ing, and doweling; working to required tolerances and allowances; selecting the materials for the construction of a particular pattern. May also make sweeps (templates) for making molds by the sweep-molding method. In general, the work of the patternmaker requires a rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal appren ticeship or equivalent training and experience. o p e r a to r m e th o d s Polishing-and-buffing-machine operator1 Polishes metal objects to produce a smooth surface and/or high luster by holding against rapidly rotating 1 In distinguishing between these two jobs, it should be noted that polishers and buffers, metal, are required to perform operations which involve a high degree of skill and working to close tolerances, whereas polishing-and-buffing-machine operators perform specialized operations on a repetitive basis. 45 wheels, belts or straps on a machine set up to achieve a specialized phase of polishing on a repetitive basis. Work involves o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Setting up and operating machine where wheels and abrasives and polishing com pounds are prescribed; polishing involving the mainte nance of contours, radii and uniformity of shape on ma chines set up by others; selection of polishing compounds and abrasives on machines set up by others. shake-out screen in removing sand and castings from flasks; using a pneumatic shaker which, when attached to the flask, jars or jolts it until the mold has crumbled; using a vibratory air-hammer to remove the sand and castings; shaking loosely adhering sand from castings; shoveling sand shaken from molds into a pile. Pourer, metal b in a tio n o f th e f o llo w in g : Operates machine which makes shell molds (or cores) by baking a resin and sand mixture on a heated pattern. Work involves s o m e c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Starting and stopping machine; installing pattern in machine; preparing or supervising the preparation of the mixture of sand and resin; determining proper curing temperature and timing; removing cope and drag and pasting together to form mold. Sand-or-shot-blast operator Shipping and receiving clerk Pours molten metal into molds. Work involves a n y c o m Controlling the pouring of molten metal at a rate compatible with the size and structure of the casting; skimming slag from surface of molten metal; trans porting metal from furnace to molds; pouring metal into molds, and dumping slag from ladle after pouring operation. (T u m b le r o p e r a to r , tu m b la s t b a rrel o p e r a to r , w h e e l- a b r a to r o p e r a to r ) Operates a tumbling type machine that smooths, polishes, and cleans dirt, scale, and other materials from castings with a blast of abrasive, such as steel shot, sand, and steel grit. Work involves o n e o r m o r e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Dumping or shoveling castings into tumbler; starting tumbler expos ing surfaces of castings to blast of abrasive and tumbling action; stacking castings on racks; placing racks in chamber and starting blast of abrasive; placing castings on moving conveyor that carries castings under a blast of abrasive. May also pour abrasive material into feed hopper when indicated by gauge on equipment to replenish supply of abrasive in tumbler. Shell-mold machine operator Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. S h i p p i n g w o r k i n v o l v e s : A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of trans portation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. R e c e i v i n g w o r k i n v o l v e s : Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods;routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; maintaining necessary records and files. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: S h ip p in g c le r k Sand mixer, hand and machine R e c e iv in g c le r k Mixes sand, binders, and water by hand or machine to prepare sand for molders or coremakers. Work involves a n y c o m b in a tio n o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Transporting sand and binders from storage to mixing area; removing scraps of metal from used molding sand; mixing ingredients accord ing to instructions by hand or machine; and testing samples of prepared sand, adding ingredients as necessary to obtain proper mixture. Shakeout worker Removes castings from the molds in which they were cast. Work involves o n e o r m o r e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Releasing clamps holding sections of flask together, separating the sections and breaking the sand mold from the castings, using a steel bar or sledge hammer, or removing castings from the sand with the aid of metal hooks; operating a vibrating 46 S h ip p in g a n d r e c e iv in g c le r k Sprue-cutting press operator ( T r i m - p r e s s o p e r a t o r , “g a t e r ”) Tends one or more power presses that trim surplus metal (gates, flash, sprues) from castings between preset dies. W o r k i n v o l v e s : Placing casting against fixture or stops on machine bed or positioning it under die and starting press; removing trimmed parts from press and placing in trays or boxes. May inspect parts visually or with measuring devices. Tool and die maker (D ie m a k e r ; jig m a k e r ; to o l m a k e r ; f ix tu r e m a k e r ; g a u g e m aker) requires a rounded training in machine-shop and tool room practice usually acquired through a formal apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal forming work. Work involves m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : Plan ning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, draw ings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker’s handtools and precision measuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heat treating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker’s work Trucker, power Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electricpowered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck as follows: , , T ru ck er p o w e r (fo r k lift) T r u c k e r p o w e r ( o t h e r th a n f o r k l i f t ) 47 Industry Wage Studies The most recent reports providing occupational wage data for industries included in the Bureau’s program of industry wage surveys since 1960 are listed below. Copies are for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or from any of its regional sales offices, and from the regional offices of the Bureau of Labor Statistics shown on the inside back cover. Copies that are out of stock are available for reference purposes at leading public, college, or univer sity libraries, or at the Bureau’s Washington or regional offices. M a n u fa c tu r in g M a n u fa c tu r in g -C o n tin u e d Basic Iron and Steel, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1839 Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1939 Cigar Manufacturing, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1796 Cigarette Manufacturing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1944 Fabricated Structural Steel, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1935 Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1763 Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1803 Fluid Milk Industry, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1871 Footwear, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1946 Hosiery, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1863 Industrial Chemicals, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1768 Iron and Steel Foundries, 1967. BLS Bulletin L6261 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1835 Machinery Manufacturing, 1974-75. BLS Bulletin 1929 Meat Products, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1896 Men’s and Boys’ Separate Trousers, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1906 Men’s and Boys’ Shirts (Except JVork Shirts) and Night wear, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1794 Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1843 Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1914 Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1973-74. Bulletin 1912 Nonferrous Foundries, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1952 Paints and Varnishes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1739 Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1719 Petroleum Refining, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1948 Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1923 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1844 Southern Sawmills and Planing Mills, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1694 Structural Clay Products, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1942 Synthetic Fibers, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1740 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1757 Textiles, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1945 Wages and Demographic Characteristics in Work Clothing Manufacturing, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1858 West Coast Sawmilling, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1704 Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1728 Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1908 Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1930 N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g Appliance Repair Shops, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1936 Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1876 Banking, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1862 Bituminous Coal Mining, 1967. BLS Bulletin 1583 Communications, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1909 Contract Cleaning Services, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1916 Contract Construction; 1973. BLS Bulletin 1911 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Production, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1797 Department Stores, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1869 Educational Institutions: Nonteaching Employees, 1968-69. BLS Bulletin 1671 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1834 Hospitals, 1975-76. BLS Bulletin 1949 Hotels and Motels, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1883 Laundry and Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 16451 Life Insurance, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1791 Metal Mining, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1820 Motion Picture Theaters, 1966. BLS Bulletin 15421 Nursing Homes and Related Facilities, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1855 Scheduled Airlines, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1951 Wages and Tips in Restaurants and Hotels, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1712 1Bulletin out o f stock Keep up to date with: MAJOR COLLECTIVE BARCAMNG AGREEMENTS The Bureau of Labor Statistics has published a series of 16 bulletins dealing with key issues in collective bargaining. The bulletins are based on analysis of about 1800 major agreements and show how negotiators in different industries handle specific problems. The studies are complete with illustrative clauses identified by the company and union signatories, and detailed tabulations on the prevalence of clauses. 0RDER FORM Title (Check Publication Desired) — — _ _ _ —_ _ _ _ — — — _ — __ Date of Publication Price 1425-1. . 1425-2. . 1964. 1965. $ 1.45 1.80 1425-3. . 1425-4. . 1425-5. . 1425-6. . 1425-7. . 1425-8. . 1425-9. . 1425-10 1425-11. 1965 1966. 1966. 1966. 1969. 1969. 1969. 1969 1970. 1.80 1.10 1.35 2.40 1.05 1.10 1.90 1.55 1.25 1425-12 1425-13 1425-14 1425-15 1425-16. 1970. 1972. 1972. 1974. 1976. 1.00 BuHetin Number Major Collective Bargaining Agreements: Grievance P rocedures........................................................................................ Severance Pay and Layoff Benefit Plans......................................................... Supplemental Unem ploym ent Benefit Plans and W age-Employment Guarantees.................................................................... Deferred Wage Increase and Escalator Clauses........................................... Management Rights and Union-Management Cooperation........................ Arbitration P rocedures....................................................................................... Training and Retraining Provisions.................................................................. S ubcontracting..................................................................................................... Paid Vacation and Holiday Provisions............................................................. Plant Movement, Transfer, and Relocation Allowances.............................. Seniority in Prom otion and Transfer Provisions............................................. Adm inistration of Negotiated Pension, Health, and Insurance Plans................................................................................................ Layoff, Recall, and W orksharing Procedures................................................. Adm inistration of Seniority................................................................................. Hours, Overtime and Weekend W ork.............................................................. Safety and Health Provisions............................................................................. Total for all 16 Bulletins........................................................................................................ To order, check the bulletins wanted above, and mail the list with payment, to your nearest Bureau of Labor Statistics regional office. MAKE CHECK PAYABLE TO SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS. ☆ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1977 0 —2 4 1 -0 1 6 Regional Office Bureau of Labor Statistics U.S. Department of Labor 1603 Federal Building, Boston, Mass. 02203 151.5 Broadway, New York, N Y. 10036 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 1371 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Ga. 30309 230 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, III. 60604 911 Walnut Street, Kansas City, Mo. 64106 555 Griffin Square Building, Dallas, Texas 75202 450 Golden Gate Ave., San Francisco, Calif. 94102 1.75 1.25 1.45 1.30 $23.50 U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Lab-441
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