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Industry Wage Survey: Men’s and Boys’ Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, June 1974 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 1976 Bulletin 1901 Industry Wage Survey: Men’s and Boys’ Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, June 1974 U.S. Department of Labor W. J. Usery, Jr., Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Julius Shiskin, Commissioner 1976 Bulletin 1901 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on inside back cover. Price $1.25 Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents Stock number 02 9-0 0 1 -0 1 8 7 3 -8 Class number L 2.3:1901 Preface This bulletin s u m m a rize s the results of a B LS survey of w ages and rela te d benefits in the m e n 's and boys* shirts (excep t w o rk shirts) and nightwear manufacturing industry in June 1974. A s i m i l a r su rve y was conducted in O ctober 1971. Separate r e le a s e s fo r the f o l l o w i n g States and a reas w e r e issued e a r l i e r : Alab am a, A rk a n s a s , G e o rgia , M is s is s ip p i, N ew Y o rk , North C a ro lin a , Pennsylvania, South C a ro lin a , T e n n e s s e e , and V ir g in ia ; Allentown— B ethlehem —Easton, P a.—N.J.; Los A n g e le s —Long Beach, C a lif.; N ew Y ork , N .Y .; and P o tt s v ille —Shamokin, Pa. Copies are av a ila b le fr o m the Bureau of Lab or Statistics, Washington, D.C, 20212, o r fr o m any of its reg io n a l o ffic e s . The study was conducted in the B u reau 's O ffic e of Wages and Industrial R elation s. C a r l B ar sky of t h e D iv isio n of Occupational Wage Structures p re p a re d the analysis. F ie ld w o r k fo r the survey was d ire c te d by the A s s is tan t R e g io n a l C o m m is s io n e r s . Other r e p o rts availab le fr o m the B ureau 's p ro g r a m of industry wage studies, as w e ll as the a d d re s s e s o f the B u re a u ’ s r e g io n a l o ffic e s , are listed at the end of this bulletin. iii Contents Page S u m m ary-----------------------------------------------------------------------Industry c h a r a c te r is tic s ____________________________ *--------------------------------------------- — L o c a tio n -------------------P r o d u c ts ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M ethod o f p ro d u c tio n -----------------------------------------U n ion ization ---------------------------- ----- ---------------------------- ---------------------------------— Sex and occu p atio n ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M ethod o f w age payments-----------------------------------------------------------------------------— A v e ra g e h ou rly e a r n in g s ------------------------------------O ccupational ea rn in g s________________________________________________________________ __ — E stab lish m en t p ra c tic e s andsu pplem entary w age p r o v is io n s -------------M inim um job r a te s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------W ork schedules and shift p r a c t ic e s _________________________________________________ P a id h o lid a y s -------------------------- ------ --------------------------------------------------------------P a id va ca tio n s______________________________________ Health, insu ran ce, and re tire m e n t plans____________________________________________ O th er se lec te d b en efits ____________ T ext tables: 1. P e r c e n t of production w o r k e r s in establishm ents c la s s ifie d by p r im a r y and secondary p ro d u c t_______________________________ ______________ ___________ 2. P e r c e n t of production w o r k e r s in plants with c o lle c tiv e bargaining agre e m en ts , by s e le c te d c h a r a c te r is t ic s ______ ________________ ____ „_________ 3. Occupational pay relationships f o r s e lec te d r e g i o n s ______________________ ___ 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 2 3 5 R e fe r e n c e tables: 1. A v e r a g e hourly earnings: By s e lec te d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s _____________________ 2. A v e r a g e hourly earnings and em ploym ent c h a r a c te r is tic s : Selected States and a r e a s ___________________________________________________ 9 Earnings distribution: 3. A l l e s ta b lis h m e n ts --------------------------------------------------------------4. By s ize o f co m m u n ity _______________ __________________________________________ 5. B y la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t contract c o v e r a g e _____________________________________ 6. D re s s s h i r t s _________ 7. Sport s h i r t s _____________________________________________________________________ 10 11 12 13 14 Occupational a v e ra g e s : 9. A l l e s ta b lis h m e n ts __________________________________________________________ 10. By la b or-m a n a g e m e n t contract c o v e r a g e ____________________________________ 11. B y lab or-m a n a g e m e n t contract c ov e ra g e and m a jo r product—d re s s s h i r t s ______ ____________________ __________________ ____________ 12. By la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t contract c o v e ra g e and m a jo r product—sport s h irts ______________________ ______________________ ___ _______ 13. By s iz e o f c o m m u n ity _______________ _____________________ ____ ____________ 21 14. By s ize of establishm ent ___________________________ „__ ________ ____ _________ _ 15. By method o f wage p a y m e n t___________________________ v 8 16 17 19 20 23 25 C o n te n ts — Continued Page R e fe r e n c e ta b le s — Continued O ccupational earn in gs: 16. A lab am a_________________________________________________________________________ 17. A rk a n sa s----------------18. G e o rg ia --------------19. M is s is s ip p i______ _______________________________________________________________ 20. N ew Y o r k S ta te______________________________________ 21. N orth C a r o lin a __ _________________________ -______-_____________________________ 22. P e n n sy lva n ia ------ — ------------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------23. South C a ro lin a --------------------------------- —— -------------------------------------- ----- 26 28 30 32 34 35 37 39 V ir g in ia -----------------------A llen tow n —B ethlehem —Easton, P a .—N .J ------- ---------------------------------------L o s A n g e le s —Long B each , C a lif---------------------------------------------------------N ew Y o r k , N .Y .- N .J ___________________________________________________________ P o tt s v ilie —Shamokin, P a -------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 44 45 46 47 E stab lish m en t p ra c tic e s and supplem entary w age p ro v is io n s : 30. M ethod o f w age paym ent-------------------------------------------------------------------31. M inim u m job ra te s — «.-----------------------------32. W o rk s c h e d u le s ----------------33. P a id h o lid a y s ________________________________________________________________ 34. P a id v a ca tio n s-----------35. H ealth, in su ran ce, and re tire m e n t p lans--------------------------------------------36. O th er s e le c te d b e n e fits ----------------------------------------------------------------- 48 49 50 50 51 52 52 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Appen dixes: A . R e g r e s s io n a n a ly s is ------------------------ ------------------------------------- -----------------B. Scope and m ethod o f su rvey _______________________ _____ ______________________«___ C. O ccupational d e s c rip tio n s ---------- ------------------------------------------------------ ----- — vi 53 56 60 M e n ' s and B o y s ' S h i r t s ( E x c e p t W o r k Shirts) and N i g h t w e a r , J u n e 1974 Sum m ary In the Southeast, w h ere fiv e -e ig h th s o f the in d u s try 's w o rk e rs w e r e em p loyed , earn in gs a v e ra g e d $2.46. E arn in gs am ong the 26 occupations s e le c te d fo r separate study ranged fro m $3.86 an hour fo r s e w i n g - m a c h i n e r e p a ir e r s to $2.31 fo r ja n ito r s .4 Sewingm a c h i n e o p e r a to r s , accounting fo r 56 p erc e n t o f the w o r k e r s , a v e ra g e d $2.49. T h e ir earn in gs v a r ie d by type o f product sewn— d re s s sh irts ($ 2 .5 4 ), nightw ear ($ 2 .4 6 ), and sport sh irts ($ 2 .4 4 ). M o re than nin e-tenth s o f the w o rk e rs w e r e in estab lish m en ts p ro v id in g paid h olid ays, paid v a ca tio n s, and at le a s t p art o f the cost o f lif e , h o sp ita liza tio n , and s u rg ic a l in su ran ce. Other fo rm s o f health, insu ran ce, and r e tire m e n t plans also w e r e c o m m o n in the in du stry. W o rk e rs ty p ic a lly r e c e iv e d betw een 5 and 8 paid holidays annually, at lea s t 1 w eek o f vacation a fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e , and at le a s t 2 w eeks a fte r 5 y e a rs . S tra ig h t-tim e earn in gs o f production and re la te d w o rk e rs in the m e n ’ s and b o y s ’ shirts (excep t w o rk s h irts) and nigh tw ear in d u stry a v e ra g e d $2.54 an hour in June 1974. 1 Just o v e r on e-fou rth of the 90,000 w o rk e rs c o v e re d by the stu d y 2 earn ed within 5 cents o f the $2 F e d e r a l m inim um w age fo r m anufac turing e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . M ost o f the rem ain in g w o rk e rs earned between $2.05 and $4. W om en, nine-tenths o f the in d u stry 's w o rk fo r c e , a v e ra g e d $2.49, com pared to $2.95 fo r the 9, 145 m en. Much of this d iffe r e n c e in pay is tra c e a b le to the d is tribu tion of m en and w om en among job s w ith d isp a rate pay le v e ls . A m on g the reg io n s 3 studied, a v e ra g e h ou rly earn in gs ranged fro m $ 2 .9 2 in the M id dle A tla n tic to $2.37 in the Southwest. 1 Earnings data in this report exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. The straight-time average hourly earnings in this bulletin differ in concept from the gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau's monthly employment and earnings series ($2.65 in June 1974). Unlike the latter, estimates here exclude premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Average earnings were calculated by summing individual hourly earnings and dividing by the number of individuals; in the monthly series, aggregate hours reported by all establish ments in the industry were divided into the reported payroll totals. 2 See appendix B for scope and method of study. Estimates of the number of production workers within the scope of the study differ from those in the monthly series (112,500 in June 1974) by the exclusion of establishments employing fewer than 20 workers. Planning for the survey required the assembling of lists of establishments consider ably in advance of data collection. Thus, establishments new to the industry are omitted, as are establishments originally classified in the men's and boys' shirts and night wear industry, but found to be in other industries at the time of the survey. Also omitted are establishments manu facturing men's and boys' shirts and nightwear but classified incorrectly in other industries at the time the lists were compiled. 3 For definitions of the regions used in this survey, see footnote 1, table B -l, in appendix B. Industry c h a r a c te r is tic s Location.. About 63 p ercen t o f the in d u s try ’ s 90,000 production w o r k e r s w e r e located in the Southeast reg io n in June 1974, and about 15 p ercen t in the M id d le A tla n tic States. The rem ain in g reg io n s studied s e p a r a t e l y em p loyed betw een 2 p e rc e n t and 8 p ercen t o f the w o rk e rs . A la b a m a , G e o rg ia , and T en n essee accounted fo r th r e e -fifth s of the South e a s t ^ em p loym en t; M is s is s ip p i, N orth C a ro lin a , and South C a ro lin a accounted fo r m ost o f the rem a in d e r (table 2). The th re e a re a s o f in d u stry con cen tra tio n studied in the M id dle A tla n tic— A llen tow n —B ethlehem —E aston, P a ., N ew Y o r k , N. Yo, and P o tts v ille —Shamokin, P a .— accounted fo r about o n e-th ird o f that r e g io n 's em p loym en t. Los A n g e le s Long B each had about seven -eigh th s of the P a c ific States w o rk e rs . 4 See appendix C for occupational descriptions. 1 W o rk e rs in m e t r o p o l i t a n a re a s 5 m ade up about th ree-ten th s o f the nation w id e em p loym en t, but the p r o p o r t i o n v a r ie d w id e ly by reg io n . M etro p olita n a re a s accounted fo r fro m seven -ten th s o f a ll w o rk e rs to the en tire w o rk fo r c e in New England, the M iddle A tla n tic , and the P a c ific ; in co n tra st, m o re than fiv e sixths o f the Southeast's w o rk e rs w e r e in s m a lle r com m u n ities. w e r e em p loyed by sport sh irt plants, w h ile nightw ear p l a n t s accounted fo r m ost o f the rem a in d e r. D re s s sh irts was the m ost com m on p r im a r y product in 5 o f the 8 reg io n s studied s e p a ra tely . A l l o f the w o rk e rs in the M iddle W est and P a c ific and t h r e e fifth s o f the B o rd e r States w o rk e rs w e r e in plants c h ie fly producing sport s h irts. About tw o -th ird s o f the production w o r k e r s w e r e em p loyed by plants m aking only one kind o f product (text tab le 1). D re s s sh irts and sp ort sh irts w e r e , at tim e s , m ade in the sam e estab lish m en ts; n ig h tw e a r, h o w e v er, w as r a r e ly m an u fac tu red in plants a lso m aking d re s s o r sport s h irts. P r o d u c t s . E stab lish m en ts whose m a jo r product was d re s s sh irts 6 e m p loyed 46 p ercen t of the production w o r k e r s c o v e re d by the June 1974 su rvey. A s lig h tly s m a lle r p ro p o rtio n (42 p erc e n t) Text table 1. Percent of production workers in establishments classified by primary and secondary product No Primary product Total secondary product Secondary product Dress shirts Sport shirts Nightwear (2) A ll establishments 1____ ______ 100 67 6 13 Dress shirts---------------------------Sport shirts--------------------------Nightwear----------------------------- 100 100 100 63 73 66 - 13 27 - <2 ) Other 14 10 14 34 1 Includes establishments with major products in addition to these shown separately. 2 Less than 0. 5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. the production w o rk e rs . S ligh tly le s s than th re e -e ig h th s w e r e in plants using the b u n d l e system . The lin e system accounted fo r about 1 p ercen t o f the w o rk ers. The p ro p o rtio n o f w o rk e rs under the th re e production m ethods v a r ie d s o m e what by re g io n . W o rk e rs in plants using the p r o g r e s s iv e bundle system amounted to about th r e e -fifth s o f the w o rk fo r c e o r m o re in a ll reg io n s excep t the P a c ific , w h ere th re e -fo u rth s o f the w o rk e rs w e r e in plants using the bundle system . M ethod of p r o d u c t i o n . E s ta b lis h m ents using the p r o g r e s s iv e bundle s y s t e m 7 em p loyed a b o u t fiv e -e ig h th s o f 5 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U. S. Office of Management and Budget through April 1973. 6 Dress shirts are defined as shirts designed primarily for dress, street, or business wear, having collar bands, neck sizes, and shirt tails, and made from fabrics commonly used for dress shirts. Sport shirts are defined as shirts designed primarily for sport, leisure, or casual wear, usually made with straight bottoms, S -M -L -X L sizes, without collar bands, and made from other than dress-shirt fabrics. 7 Establishments were classified according to their major method of production as follows: (1) Line system— an operation in which parts of garments move down a line as each operator performs a standard task on a piece and then passes it on to the next operator, usually by a slide board or chute, for further processing; (2) bundle systeman operation in which bundles of garments are distributed to individuals who perform one operation or more on a number of identical pieces and rebundle the garments for movement to another operator; and (3) progressive bundle system an operation in which the bundles of garments flow in a logical order of work from operator to operator, each performing one or two assigned tasks on various pieces in the bundle. Since the procedure is standardized, the need for checking in and reassigning the work, as under the bundle system, is eliminated. U n ion iza tion . E stab lish m en ts w i t h la b or-m a n a g em en t a gre e m en ts c o v e rin g a m a jo r ity o f th e ir w o rk e rs em p lo yed s lig h tly under tw o -fifth s o f the production w o rk ers. R e g io n a lly , the p r o p o r t i o n in union estab lish m en ts r a n g e d fro m about nin e-tenth s in New England, the M id dle A tla n tic , and the G rea t Lak es to about on e-fou rth in the Southeast and about o n e -fifth in the Southwest. A m on g the th ree m a jo r product b ran ch es, the 2 rela te d to plant location (m etro p o lita n a re a or n on m etrop olitan a re a ) and, to som e extent, s ize o f estab lish m en t (text t a b l e 2). The A m a lg a m a ted C lothing W o rk e rs of A m e r ic a (A F L - C I O ) was the m a jo r union in the indu stry. p ro p ortion s o f w o rk e rs in union estab lish m en ts w e re o v e r o n e -h a lf fo r d re s s sh irts , about o n e -fifth fo r sport sh irts, and about o n e -th ird fo r n igh tw ear. A s shown in text tab le 2, the d e g re e o f u n i o n i z a t i o n seem ed to be directlyText table 2. Percent of production workers in plants with collective bargaining agreements, by selected characteristics Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast Characteristic United States 1 A ll establishments______________ 35-39 85-89 30-34 25-29 20-249 w o rk ers_________________ 250 workers or m o re ____________ 30-34 40-44 75-79 95+ 45-49 25-29 10-14 35-39 Metropolitan a r e a s _____________ Nonmetropolitan a reas_________ 60-64 25-29 90-94 70-74 50-54 25-29 35-39 20-24 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. A v e r a g e h ou rly earn in gs Sex and occu pation. N ine-tenth s o f the in d u s try 's production w o rk e rs w e re w om en. M o re than th r e e -fifth s of the 80,576 w om en w e r e s e w i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a to r s . W om en a lso w e r e a m a jo r ity in the other sew ing and fin ish in g d e p a rt m ent job s studied, and in the c a te g o r ie s o f a s s e m b le rs and w o rk d is trib u to rs. M en, on the oth er hand, w e r e a m a jo r ity in a ll cutting room job s excep t a s s e m b le r s , as w e ll as in the ja n ito r, sew in gm achine r e p a ir e r , and'shipping and stock c le r k c la s s ific a tio n s . S tra ig h t-tim e earn in gs o f the 89,721 w o rk e rs c o v e re d by the study a v e ra g e d $2.54 an hour in June 1974— 24 p e r cent above the le v e l re c o rd e d in a s im ila r su rvey conducted in O ctob er 1971 (tab le 1). 8 T h is in c re a s e equaled the r is e in hourly earn in gs fo r production w o rk e rs in a ll nondurable m anufacturing in d u stries, as m ea su red by the B u re a u ’ s index o f a v e ra g e h ou rly earn in gs. C on trib u tin g to the i n c r e a s e was a 25p ercen t r is e in the F e d e r a l m inim um w age fo r m anufacturing— which b ecam e $2 on M ay 1, 1974— as w e ll as g e n e ra l w age in c r e a s e s n egotia ted under la b o rm anagem ent a g re e m en ts . The 2 4 -p ercen t in c r e a s e , h o w ever, som ewhat o v e r s ta te s actual wage m o v e m ents during the 32 months betw een su r veys. W age boosts scheduled to b ecom e e ffe c tiv e b e fo re the O ctob er 1971 study w e r e d elayed by the 90-day w a g e - p r ic e ren t fr e e z e betw een August and N o v e m b e r 1971; th ese in c r e a s e s w e r e la te r m ade r e tr o a c tiv e to O ctob er 1971 or e a r lie r but w e r e not included in the 1971 su rvey. Such in c r e a s e s w e r e p ro vid ed under con tra cts c o v e rin g a substantial num ber of w o rk e rs in the M id dle A tla n tic States. M ethod o f w age p aym en t. In cen tive w age s y s te m s , n e a rly alw ays based on in d ivid u al p ie c e w o rk , applied to th re e fourths o f the production w o rk e rs (table 30). The p ro p o rtio n o f w o rk e rs paid under in cen tive plans ranged fro m just o v e r half in the G rea t Lakes to just o v e r fo u r -fifth s in the M iddle W est. About on e-fo u rth o f the w o rk e rs w e r e paid under tim e ra te s , m o s tly a ccord in g to th e ir in d ivid u al q u a lific a tio n s . A b o u t tw o -fifth s o f the tim e w o rk e rs w e r e paid under fo r m a l plans, ty p ic a lly p ro vid in g a range o f rates w ithin occupations. A m a jo r ity o f c lic k e r -m a c h in e o p e r a to rs and w o rk e rs in n e a rly a ll job s in the s e w i n g and fin ish in g departm ents w e r e paid on an in cen tive b a s is . On the other hand, cutting room jo b s , ja n ito rs , sew in g-m a ch in e r e p a ir e r s , shipping and stock c le rk s , and w o rk d is trib u to rs w e re u sually paid tim e ra te s . 8 For accounts of earlier surveys mentioned in this report see Industry W age Survey: Menfs and Boys1 Shirts (Except Work Shirts) and Nightwear, October 1971, BLS Bull. 1794; October 1968, Bull. 1659; and April-Tune 1964, Bull. 1457. 3 e x is te d in the Southeast, the on ly reg io n p e rm ittin g com p ariso n am ong a ll th re e product b ranches. In the M iddle A tla n tic , w o rk e rs in sp ort sh irt plants a v e ra g e d 6 cents an hour m o re than those in d re s s sh irt estab lish m en ts w h ile, in the B o rd e r States, the only oth er reg io n w h ere a d ir e c t c om p a riso n could be m ade, e a r n ings o f w o rk e rs in d re s s sh irt plants topped those o f w o rk e rs m aking sport sh irts by 42 cents. A v e r a g e hourly earn in gs w e r e higher in m etro p o lita n a re a s than in n o n m etro politan a rea s (table 4 ), in plants o f 250 w o rk e rs o r m o re than s m a lle r e s ta b lis h m ents, and in union than nonunion e sta b lish m en ts (table 5). T h e s e rela tion sh ip s u su ally held when com p a riso n s w e re lim ited to the sam e re g io n . The b asic s u rve y tabulations did not attem pt to is o la te and m ea su re the exact in flu en ce o f any o f the p reced in g c h a ra c t e r is t ic s as in d ivid u al determ in an ts o f w age le v e ls . Some of the c h a r a c te r is tic s a s s o c ia te d w ith h igh er w age le v e ls , such as production o f d re s s sh irts , u n ion iza tio n , and location in m etro p o lita n a rea s o r in the M id dle A tla n tic reg io n , a re highly in te r r e la te d . A ppendix A , h o w e v er, p re s e n ts a b r ie f te c h n ica l note on the resu lts o f a m u ltip le r e g r e s s io n in which the singular e ffe c ts o f in d ivid u al su rvey c h a r a c te r is tic s w e r e is o la te d to a m ea su rea b le d egree. In s e v e r a l c a s e s , th ere w e r e m ark ed d iffe r e n c e s betw een the a v e ra g e earn in gs d iffe r e n tia ls produced by c r o s s tabulation (s im p le r e g r e s s io n ) as d is cussed in this section o f the r e p o rt, and those d e riv e d by m u ltip le r e g r e s s io n . F o r exam p le, production w o r k e r s in union plants a v e ra g e d 41 cents an hour m o re than those in nonunion plants, but ap p aren tly only tw o -th ird s of this d i f f e r en tia l (27 cents) can be attributed s o le ly to op eratin g in union plants. (See appen d ix tab les A - l and A - 2 .) Just o v e r on e-fou rth of the w o rk e rs earn ed within 5 cents o f the $2 m inim um w age fo r m anufacturing w hich took e ffe c t 1 month b e fo re the su rvey was conducted (tab le 3). The p ro p o rtio n o f w o rk e rs at o r near the F e d e r a l m inim um was much lo w e r than the le v e ls re c o rd e d in two other su rveys o f the indu stry conducted sh o rtly a f t e r F e d e r a l m inim um w age changes in 1964 and 1968. A t the tim e o f those s u rve y s , about 40 p erc e n t o f the w o rk e rs earned w ithin 5 cents o f the A v e r a g e h ou rly earnings in c re a s e s am ong 6 o f the 8 reg io n s studied sep a r a te ly w e r e f a i r l y u n ifo rm , ranging fro m 19 p e rc e n t in the P a c ific to 23 p e r cent in the M id d le A tla n tic . In the South ea st and Southwest, w h ere la r g e p r o p ortion s of w o rk e rs earn ed at o r near the m inim um w a ge, a v e ra g e hourly earn in gs r o s e 26 and 27 p e rc e n t, r e s p e c tiv e ly . The le v e l o f earn in gs ranged fro m $2.37 in the Southwest and $2.46 in the B o rd e r States, Southeast, and M id dle W est, to $2.92 in the P a c ific States. A m on g the 10 States studied sep a r a te ly , a v e ra g e earn in gs ranged fro m $2.36 in A rk an sas to $2.94 in P e n n s y l vania (table 2). The fou r a rea s o f indus t r y con cen tration a ll had pay le v e ls above the national a v e ra g e fo r the indu stry: $3.15 in A llen tow n , $2.90 in N ew Y o rk , $2.87 in P o tt s v ille , and $2.60 in Los A n g e le s . Men a v e ra g e d $2.95 an hour— 18 p ercen t m o re than w om en in the indu stry. D iffe re n c e s in pay fo r m en and wom en m ay be tra c e a b le to s e v e r a l fa c to r s , including d iffe r e n c e s in the d istrib u tion o f m en and w om en am ong jobs having d i s p a r a t e pay le v e ls . F o r exam p le, sew in g-m a ch in e r e p a ir e r s , m achine cut t e r s , m a rk e r s , c lic k e r -m a c h in e o p e r a to rs , and s h i p p i n g c le r k s , the fiv e highest paying jobs studied, w e r e p r e dom inantly m en. W om en, h o w e v er, w e r e a m a jo r ity in m ost o f the lo w e r paying jo b s , such as a s s e m b le rs , b a g g e rs and b o x e r s , and sew in g-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs . D iffe r e n c e s r e c o rd e d in a v e ra g e s fo r m en and wom en in the sam e job and lo c a lity (tab les 16—29) m ay also r e fle c t m in o r v a ria tio n s in duties. Job d e s c r ip tion s used to c la s s ify w o rk e rs in w age su rvey s usually a re m o re g e n e ra liz e d than those used in in d ivid u al e s ta b lis h m ents because allow an ce m ust be m ade fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong e s ta b lis h m ents in s p e c i f i c duties p e rfo r m e d . A ls o , earn in gs in som e job s a re d e te r m ined la r g e ly by production at p iece ra te s . V a ria tio n s in in cen tive earnings fo r in d ivid u als o r sex groupings m ay be tra c e a b le to d iffe r e n c e s in w o rk e x p e r i ence, w o rk flo w , or oth er fa c to rs the w o rk e r m ay o r m ay not co n tro l. N ation w id e, w o rk e rs in plants p r i m a r ily m aking d re s s sh irts a v e ra g e d $2.60 an hour, com p ared w ith $2.47 fo r sport sh irts and $2.46 fo r n ightw ear ( t a b l e s 6—8). A s im ila r rela tio n sh ip 4 shipping c le rk s ($3.13). W o rk e rs in m o s t o f the rem ain in g job s a v e ra g e d between $2.40 and $2.65. W o rk e rs in cutting room occupations g e n e ra lly had h igh er a v e ra g e s than those in e ith e r the sew ing or fin ish in g d e p a rt m en ts. The cutting room accounted fo r 4 o f the 7 top paying jobs studied sep a ra te ly . O ccupational a v e ra g e s w e r e g e n e r a lly highest in the M id dle A tla n tic reg io n and lo w est in the Southwest, but occu pational pay rela tion sh ip s v a r ie d c on sid e ra b ly among the re g io n s . F o r exam p le, m achine c u t t e r s a v e ra g e d 48 p ercen t m o re in the M iddle A tla n tic than the Southwest; but c o lla r top tr im m e r s a v e r aged 3 p ercen t m o re in the Southwest than the M id dle A tla n tic . F o r job s in text tab le 3, the l a r g e s t pay d iffe re n c e s am ong reg io n s w e r e fo r cu tters and m a rk e rs — two o f the highest paying occu pations. m inim um . M o r e o v e r , the p ro p o rtio n of sh irt w o rk e rs n e a r the m inim um in June 1974 was only s lig h tly above that rep o rte d fo r the O ctob er 1971 su rvey which w a s conducted 3 y e a rs and 8 months a fte r the $1.60 m inim um took e ffe c t. 9 O ccupational earn in gs The 26 occupations s e l e c t e d to re p re s e n t the w age stru ctu re and manu factu rin g op eration s o f production w o r k e r s in the industry accounted fo r just o v e r fiv e - s ix th s o f the w ork f o r c e . H ou rly a v e ra g e s am ong th ese job s ranged fro m $3.86 fo r sew in g-m a ch in e r e p a ir e r s to $2.31 fo r ja n ito rs (tab le 9). Sew ingm achine o p e ra to rs , accounting fo r m o re than half o f the w o r k e r s , a v e ra g e d $2.49. Only fou r oth er job s studied had n a t i o n w i d e a v e ra g e s o f at le a s t $3: m achine cu tters ($3.58), m a rk e rs ($3.31), c lic k e r-m a c h in e o p e ra to rs ($ 3 .2 5 ), and Text table 3. Occupational pay relationships for selected regions (Southwest^ 100 for each occupation) Pay relatives Occupation R ppairprs, sp'vyincr m a c h in e . ... Cntt.prs, m a c h in p Middle Atlantic Border States Southeast 112 145 112 148 171 131 121 133 123 97 124 95 130 135 154 106 112 103 86 103 103 118 131 115 103 100 103 90 103 - M arkers 113 Prpssprs, fin ish , m ar.hinp - F old prs, g a rm p n t Prpssprs, fin is h , hand _ S p w in g -m a c h in p opprators C o lla r top trim m prs Janitors NOTE: New England ___ .... 124 118 91 123 Great Lakes Middle West Pacific 110 145 151 106 94 116 120 119 141 152 - 113 - 125 - 103 122 103 - 105 - 108 109 112 90 106 Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. sport s h irts. H o w ev e r, much o f the d if fe r e n tia l r e fle c ts the r e la t iv e ly high er d e g re e of u nionization in d re s s sh irt plants. When com p ariso n s w e re lim ite d to e ith e r union o r nonunion plants, no con sisten t p attern was eviden t (tab les 11 and 12). O ccupational a v e ra g e s w e r e g e n e r a lly h igh er in union than nonunion plants (table 10), in m etro p o lita n than in non m etro p o lita n a re a s (table 13), and in la rg e than in s m a ll estab lish m en ts (table 14). Within the reg io n s p e rm ittin g c o m p a riso n , w o rk e rs in union plants ty p ic a lly 10 to 30 p ercen t m o re than 9 For details, see Carl Barsky, "Shirt Industry Loosens a v e ra g e d those in the sam e occupation in nonunion Ties to Minimum W a g e ," Monthly Labor Review, Sept. 1975, pp. 48-50; and BLS Bull. 1457, 1659, and 1794. plants. D iffe r e n c e s by com m unity and The o c c u p a t i o n a l pay structure w ithin reg io n s did not n e c e s s a r ily m ir r o r the nationwide stru ctu re. Jan itors, fo r exam p le, had the lo w es t nationw ide a v e r age among occupations studied but they a v e ra ge d m o re in the G rea t Lakes than c o lla r p o in te rs , sew in g-m a ch in e o p e r a to rs , b a g ge rs and b o x e rs , fin a l in s p e c to r s (and t h r e a d t r im m e r s ), m achine p r e s s e r s , and w o rk d is trib u to rs . O ccupational a v e ra g e s w e r e g e n e r a lly h igh er in estab lish m en ts p r im a r ily m aking d re s s sh irts than in those m aking 5 estab lish m en t s iz e , h o w ever, w e re le s s substantial when re g io n a l com p ariso n s w e r e m ade. W h ere c o m p a riso n s w e re p o s s ib le , o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e ra g e s w e r e alm ost alw ays h igh er fo r in cen tive paid w o rk e rs than fo r tim e w o r k e r s in the sam e job (table 15). N ation w id e, in c e n tive w o rk e rs ty p ic a lly a v e ra g e d fro m 5 to 20 p e rc e n t an hour m o r e than th e ir tim e -r a te d cou n terp arts. oth er la te -s h ift p ro v is io n s . A t the tim e o f the s u rvey , h o w e v er, le s s than 5 p e r cent of the w o rk e rs w e r e em p loyed on late sh ifts. P a id h o lid a y s . P aid h o lid ays, ty p i c a lly 5 to 8 days annually, w e r e p ro v id e d by estab lish m en ts em p loyin g 95 p ercen t of the production w o rk e rs (table 33). The number o f paid holid ays v a r ie d w id e ly by reg io n . F o r exa m p le, at le a s t fo u r -fifth s o f the w o rk e rs in the N ew England, M id d le A tla n tic , and G rea t L ak es reg io n s had 8 days o r m o r e . W o rk e rs in the B o rd e r States, Southeast, and Southwest re g io n s , h o w e v er, usu ally had 6 days o r le s s . E stab lish m en t p ra c tic e s and su p p lem en tary w age p ro v is io n s Data a lso w e r e obtained on m inim um jo b r a te s , w o rk schedules, shift p r a c tic e s , and s e lec te d supplem entary w age b e n e fits , such as paid h o lid a ys, paid v a c a tio n s , and h e a l t h , in su ran ce, and r e tir e m e n t plans. 10 P a id v a c a tio n s . V ir tu a lly a ll p r o duction w o rk e rs w e r e in estab lish m en ts p ro v id in g paid vacation s a fte r qu a lifyin g p e rio d s o f s e r v ic e . W o rk e rs ty p ic a lly r e c e iv e d at le a s t 1 w eek of vacation pay a fte r 1 y e a r of s e r v ic e and 2 w eek s o r m o re a fte r 5 y e a rs (table 34). About tw o -fifth s o f the w o rk e rs w e r e in es ta b lish m en ts p ro v id in g 3 w eek s o f vacation pay a fte r 10 y e a r s . In the N ew England, M id dle A tla n tic , and G rea t Lak es States, h o w e v er, at le a s t th r e e -fifth s o f t h e w o rk e rs w e r e c o v e re d by plans p ro v id in g 3 w eeks of vacatio n pay a fte r 3 y e a rs o f s e r v ic e . M inim um job r a t e s . About tw o -fifth s o f the estab lish m en ts v is ite d rep o rte d fo r m a l m inim um job ra tes fo r tim e - r a te d m ach in e cu tters (tab le 31). O f the plants w ith such m inim u m s fo r c u tte rs , onefou rth each p ro v id e d $2 to $2.25, $2.50 to $3.00, and $3.50 to $4, and one-tenth each p ro v id e d $3.00 to $3.50 and $4 o r m o re . F o r m a l m i n i m u m job ra te s fo r sew in g-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs w e r e found in seven -ten th s o f the estab lish m en ts visited. F o u r -fifth s o f th ese plants estab lish ed m inim u m s within 5 cents o f $2, w h ile le s s than one-tenth had a m in im um job ra te o f o v e r $2.25 fo r sew in gm achine o p e ra to rs . H ealth, in su ran ce, and re tire m e n t p la n s . L ife , h o sp ita liza tio n , and s u rg ic a l in su ran ce fo r which the e m p lo y e r pays at le a s t p art of the cost w e r e a v a ila b le in estab lish m en ts em p loyin g nin e-tenth s W ork schedules and shift p r a c t ic e s . o f the w o rk e rs (table 35). A c c id e n ta l W ork schedules o f 5 days and 40 hours death and d ism em b erm en t insuran ce in a w eek w e re in e ffe c t in estab lish m en ts addition to b asic life in su ran ce, cash em p lo yin g about nin e-tenth s o f the p r o paym ents fo r absence fro m w ork due to duction w o rk e rs (tab le 32). M ost o f the illn e s s o r accid en t, and b asic m e d ic a l rem a in in g w o rk e rs w e r e on schedules insu ran ce w e r e p ro v id e d to about h a lf o f 4 V2 d ays, 40 hours. In the B o rd e r o f the w o r k e r s . M a jo r m e d ic a l insuran ce States and the Southeast, a s m a ll p r o was a v a ila b le to ju st under tw o -fifth s o f p ortion o f the w o rk e rs w e r e scheduled the w o r k e r s . L o n g -te r m d is a b ility in s u r fo r fo u r-d a y w eeks o f at le a s t 35 hours. ance was r a r e in the indu stry. M ost T w o -fifth s o f the w o rk e rs w e re in health and insuran ce plans w e r e financed plants with p ro v is io n s fo r second shifts e n tir e ly by the e m p lo y e r. and just under o n e -fifth with th ird o r R e tire m e n t p e n s i o n s (in addition to F e d e r a l s o c ia l s e c u rity b e n e fits )— 10 Establishments employing an estimated 31 percent alm ost alw a ys paid fo r e n tir e ly by the of the workers contributed to health and welfare funds e m p lo y e r— applied to ju st under half o f administered by the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of the in d u s try ’ s w o r k e r s . P en sion plans Am erica from which selected benefits were provided to the employees. These plants have b e e n included in the applied to at le a s t fiv e -s ix th s o f the tabulations. w o rk e rs in N ew England and the M id dle 6 A tla n tic and G rea t L a k e s re g io n s , but to on ly th re e -e ig h th s in the Southeast. S e v era n ce pay fo r r e tir in g e m p lo yees was not com m on ly p ro vid ed . em p lo yee who is asked to re p o rt to w o rk ), applied to h a lf o f the w o rk e rs studied (table 36). F u n era l and ju ry duty pay applied to o n e -fifth and o n e -th ird of the w o rk e rs , r e s p e c tiv e ly . N eith e r of th ese b en efits applied to as much as half o f the w o rk e rs in any o f the reg io n s studied. T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e ve ra n c e pay, w hich is p ro v id e d to e m p lo y e e s p e rm a nen tly separated fro m th e ir job s because o f t e c h n o l o g i c a l change or a plant c lo s in g , was r a r e ly found. O ther s e le c te d b e n e fits . P aid ju ry duty and fu n era l le a v e , te c h n o lo g ic a l s e v era n ce pay, and d a ily rep o rtin g pay plans w e r e a lso studied. The m ost com m on of th ese b en e fits , d a ily rep o rtin g pay (g u a r anteed pay— fo r exam p le 4 hours— to an 7 Table 1. Average hourly earnings: By selected characteristics (N u m ber and a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs 1 of production w orkers in m e n 's and b o ys' sh irts (ex cep t w ork sh irts) and nightw ear m anufacturing establish m ents by sele c te d c h a ra c te ris tic s , U nited States and sele cted regio n s, June 1974) United States 2 ^ fn m p n M a jo r produ ct: 3 P r e s s sh irts s h i'* * i'R . ...... ............ _______ ............. - M ighfw ear S ize of com m unity: 4 M etro p o lita n a r e a s ---------------------------------------------N on m etro p o litan a r e a s _______________________ S ize of establish m ent: 20_249 w orV prs 250 w o r k e r s o r m o r e ---------------------------------------L a b o r-m a n a gem en t contract c o v e ra g e : E stablish m en ts w ith— M a jo rity of w o r k e r s c o v e r e d -------None o r m in o rity of w o rk e rs en vered 1 2 3 4 M iddle A tlan tic Nu m ber A v e ra g e Num ber A vera g e Num ber of hourly of hourly of w o r k e r s earnings w ork ers earnings w o rk ers C h a ra c te ris tic A ll prnrlnrtion w o rk e rs New England B o rd e r States Southeast Southwest G reat Lakes 89, 721 9, 145 80, 576 $2.54 2.95 2.49 3, 172 286 2, 886 $2.80 3.24 2.76 13, 081 1,844 11,237 $2.92 3.35 2.85 7,275 625 6,650 $2.46 2.83 2.43 5 6 ,111 5, 177 50, 934 $2.46 2.85 2.42 4, 143 507 3, 636 $2.37 2.59 2.34 1,458 124 1, 334 $2.65 3.24 2.60 41, 358 37, 456 8, 873 2.60 2.47 2.46 2,445 2.85 6,205 3, 878 2.88 2.94 1,988 4,492 2.73 2.31 25,428 23, 962 6, 537 2.53 2.40 2.37 3, 631 2.39 1,374 2.65 _ 26, 048 63, 673 2.76 2.45 2, 199 2.64 2.41 7, 718 48, 393 2.63 2.43 _ _ - _ _ 2.76 - _ 9, 988 3,093 _ 2.96 2.81 _ 1,607 5,668 38, 588 51, 133 2.52 2.56 1,083 2, 089 2.69 2.85 7,811 5,270 2.86 3.02 2,040 5,235 2.50 2.45 22, 789 33, 322 2.40 2.49 34, 769 2.79 2, 951 2.82 11,423 2.95 2,413 2.71 14, 606 2.69 54, 952 2.38 1,658 2.72 4, 862 2.34 41, 505 2.37 _ _ M iddle W est 1,294 117 1, 177 $2.46 2.67 2.44 2,696 3 89 2,307 $2.62 2.91 2.58 2.48 2,696 2.62 - - - - 1,007 - - - - - _ 2, 985 1, 390 2, 753 _ 2.35 2.30 2.41 343 1, 115 - 1,298 3,411 2.35 - 2.58 2.67 _ N O T E : Dashes in dicate no data re p orted or data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . - - _ 2,696 2.62 1,939 2.64 1, 120 2.45 - 725 2.51 " ” - - - - " “ 2.70 Exclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes data fo r the Mountain re g io n in addition to those shown separately. F o r d efinitions of regions used in this or subsequent ta b les; see appendix B, table B - l , footn ote 1 The produ ction w o r k e r total above includes data fo r m a jo r products in addition to those shown sep ara tely. Standard M etro p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a s as defined by the U.S. O ffice of M anagem ent and Budget through A p r il 1973. Pac:ific A v e r a g e Num ber A v e r a g e Numbe r A v e r a g e Num ber A v e r a g e Num ber A v e r a g e Num ber A v e r a g e Numbe r A v e r a g e of h ourly h ourly h ou rly of of h ourly hourly of of hou rly hpurly of earnings w ork ers earn in gs w o rk ers earnings w o rk ers earnings w ork ers earnings w o rk e rs earn in gs w o rk ers earnings “ 790 2.96 1,906 2.49 Table 2. Average hourly earnings and employment characteristics: Selected States and areas (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings, 1 and percent distribution of production workers in men’ s and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments by selected characteristics, selected States and areas, 2 June 1974) P e r c e n t of production w o r k e r s in establish m ents a ccordin g to— Num ber of w ork ers States and a rea s A v e ra g e hou rly earnings M a jo r product D re ss sh irts Sport sh irts Produ ction system N ig h tw ea r Bundle P r o g r e s s iv e bundle S ize of com m unity M etropolita n N on m etrop olita n S ize o f establishm ent 20-249 w o rk ers 250 w ork ers o r m o re L a b o r -m anagem ent contract co vera g e M a jo rity of w o rk ers covered States A la b a m a -------------------------------------------------------A rk a n sa s __________________________________________ G e o r g ia _____________________________________________ M is s is s ip p i________________________________________ N ew Y o r k __________________________________________ N o rth C a r o lin a _______________________ ____________ P e n n s y lv a n ia . South C a ro lin a _ T e n n e s s e e ------------------------------------------, --------V ir g in ia ____________________________________________ 10, 3, 10, 6, 2, 8, 9, 5, 13, 3, 341 333 683 559 390 189 839 952 334 037 $2.39 2.36 2.65 2.43 2.87 2.37 2.94 2.39 2.44 2.45 41 85 54 28 57 44 41 44 51 16 25 6 46 63 36 42 30 56 37 72 1, 588 2, 333 3.15 2.60 2.90 2.87 28 _ 25 62 52 100 62 38 33 9 _ 9 _ 12 14 _ 11 12 36 29 24 55 45 16 28 55 40 18 64 62 71 45 48 84 70 45 60 82 73 72 62 34 27 28 30 56 5 10 18 _ 87 27 72 25 5 14 95 90 82 100 13 73 28 75 95 86 29 32 33 56 80 56 51 47 32 34 71 68 67 44 20 44 49 53 68 66 47 81 100 41 53 19 35-39 35-39 10-14 85-89 20-24 85-89 30-34 20-24 A rea s 2 A llen to w n —B eth leh em —E aston, P a ______________ L o s A n g e le s —L o n g Beach, C a lif ________________ N ew Y o rk , N . Y _____________ ____ _ P o t ts v ille —Shamokin, P a 1 ,2 9 2 1, 842 _ _ 100 100 100 _ _ 100 59 ' 1 Exclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o ve rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olidays, 2 F o r d efin itio n o f a re a s , see footnote 1 in tables 26—29. and late sh ifts, NOTE: O v e r a ll data m a y include m a jo r products o r production system s in addition to those shown sep ara tely. B ecause of rounding, sums of in dividual item s m ay not equal 100, ° 95+ 15-19 95+ 95-99 Table 3. Earnings distribution: All establishments (P e r c e n t distrib u tio n of produ ction w ork ers in m en's and boys' sh irts (ex cep t w ork sh irts) and n igh tw ear m anufacturing establish m ents by s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in gs, 1 United States and sele cted region s, June 1974)1 3 2 United States 2 H ourly earn in gs T o t a l ________________________________________ Total Men W omen 100.0 100.0 100.0 New England 100.0 M iddle A tlan tic 100.0 B o rd e r States Southeast Southwest G reat Lakes 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 M iddle W est P a c ific 100.0 100.0 _______________ 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 1.3 0.2 0.8 0.5 $2.00 $2.05 $2.10 $2.15 $2.20 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 0 5 ___________________________ $2.10 ___________________________ $ 2 . 1 5 ------------------------ ------- — $ 2 . 2 0 ---------- ------ --------------$ 2 . 2 5 ----------------------------------- 26.5 2.8 4.4 3.0 4.6 12.6 1.4 4.3 1.7 3.9 28.0 2.9 4.4 3.1 4.7 12.7 2.7 1.9 1.7 1.8 9.5 2.5 1.5 1.7 2.7 27.4 2.9 5.4 2.7 8.2 30.6 2.8 5.1 3.2 4.9 34.2 3.2 5.4 4.6 4.6 14.1 3.4 4.7 3.4 4.0 28.0 3.1 4.9 3.2 3.6 27.9 2.2 4.0 3.3 2.0 $ 2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $?,45 and and and and qnd under under under under unHpr $ 2 .3 0 ___________________________ $2.35 ________________ __________ $2.40 ______________________ $ 2 . 4 5 ____________________ _____ $7.50 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.2 2.6 3.3 3.2 2.2 2.9 2.5 3.9 3.3 3.3 3.2 2.6 3.4 2.2 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.3 1.3 2.0 2.8 1.9 3.4 4.2 2.5 3.1 2.2 4.2 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.0 4.1 5.2 4.4 3.1 2.1 3.8 2.9 2.5 3.1 2.7 3.6 3.2 4.7 2.8 2.7 4.9 1.4 2.6 2.1 1.0 $ ? , 50 $?,A 0 $2-70 $2.80 $2.90 anH qnd arid and and nnrfpr linrlpr under under under $ 7 .A0 ___ $7.70 $7.80 $ 2 . 9 0 _________ __________________ $3.00 .. ... __ 5.7 6.0 4.3 4.8 3.1 5.0 5.9 4.3 5.2 3.0 5.8 6.0 4.3 4.7 3.2 7.1 9.1 6.8 8.4 6.0 6.2 9.5 6.9 6.1 5.0 5.2 5.5 4.0 4.3 2.7 5.7 5.1 3.6 4.4 2.7 5.2 6.9 2.9 1.9 1.6 5.2 5.9 5.2 10.7 5.9 5.3 6.6 4.0 8.3 3.2 6.1 5.1 5.5 3.9 2.5 $3.00 $3.10 $3,70 $3.30 $ 3 r40 and and and and and under under under under under $3.10 $3.70 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 3.0 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.5 3.4 2.6 2.6 4.6 2.2 2.9 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.4 5.2 3.6 3.3 2.8 2.1 4.5 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.3 2.8 1.8 2.1 1.8 .7 2.5 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.2 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.5 .7 3.5 3.5 3.2 1.9 1.6 2.6 2.8 1.8 1.6 .4 4.0 3.0 3.1 2.0 2.1 $3.50 $ 3.60 $3,70 $3.80 $ 3.90 and and and and and under under under under under $3.60 .._ $ 3.70 ______ . .. $3.80 ... $3,00 $ 4 . 0 0 ________________________ __ 1.2 .9 .9 .8 .6 2.5 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.1 1.1 .8 .8 .7 .5 2.4 1.6 2.7 .9 1.7 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.0 .9 .6 .5 .6 .9 .6 .6 .6 .4 .6 .3 .4 .4 .2 1.1 .5 .6 .2 .4 .2 2.2 1.7 1.3 1.3 .6 _____ ________ 3.3 3 14.8 2.0 4.3 8.6 2.2 2.3 .9 3.0 1.2 4.6 Nu m ber of w o r k e r s ______ ______________________ 89,721 9, 145 80, 576 3, 172 13,081 7,275 5 6 ,111 4, 143 1,458 1,294 2, 696 A v e r a g e h ou rly earn in gs 1 .. ..... $2.54 $2.95 $2.49 $2.80 $2.92 $2.46 $2.46 $2.37 $2.65 $2.46 $2.62 Under $ 2.00 ___________ . ..... __ .............. $4.00 and o v e r ___________________ l.o 1.2 1.0 .5 1 Exclu des p re m iu m pay fo r o ve rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and la te shifts. 2 Includes data fo r the Mountain region in addition to those shown sep ara tely. 3 W o rk e rs w e r e distrib u ted as fo llow s: 4.9 p ercen t at $4 and under $4.20; 2.6 p ercen t at $4.20 and under $4.40; 1.7 p ercen t at $4.40 and under $4.60; 1.3 p ercen t at $4.60 and under $4.80; 0.9 p ercen t at $4.80 and under $5; and 3.4 p ercen t at $ 5 and o ver. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Table 4. Earnings distribution: By size of community (P e r c e n t distrib u tio n of production w ork ers in m en ’ s and boys' sh irts (ex cep t w ork s h irts ) and n igh tw ear m anufacturing establishm ents by s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in gs, 1 United States and selected re gio n s, June 1974) United States 2 H o u rly earn in gs M etropolitan areas N ew England N o n m etro politan areas T o t a l ----------------------------------------------------- 100.0 100.0 U nder $ 2 .0 0 ________________________________________ (3 ) 0.3 M etrop o lita n a rea s 100.0 - M idd le A tlan tic M etrop o lita n a rea s 100.0 B o rd er States Southeast N o n m etro politan areas M etrop olita n a rea s N o n m etro politan a rea s 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 0.3 0.2 1.6 M etrop o lita n a rea s 100.0 - Southwest M iddle W est N o n m etro politan a rea s N o n m etro politan areas N o n m etro politan areas 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.2 - 0.5 $2,00 $ 2.05 $2.10 $2,15 $2.20 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 0 5 ____________________________ $ 2 . 1 0 -----------------------------------$ 2 . 1 5 ____________________________ $ 2 .2 0 -----------------------------------$ 2 . 2 5 ___________________________ 17.2 2.6 3.3 2.4 3.2 30.2 2.9 4.9 3.2 5.2 13.6 3.0 2.0 2.3 1.9 8.8 2.2 1.5 1.6 2.7 11.9 3.4 1.6 2.1 2.8 21.0 4.4 6.9 3.8 4.4 29.2 2.4 5.0 2.4 9.2 21.0 2.8 4.2 2.7 3.7 32.2 2.8 5.2 3.3 5.1 33.8 3.6 4.9 5.7 4.5 28.0 3.6 5.2 2.9 3.3 $ 2.25 $2,30 $ 2.35 $ 2.40 $ 2,45 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 , 3 0 -----------------------------------$ 2 . 3 5 __________________ $ 2 . 4 0 -----------------------------------$ 2 . 4 5 -----------------------------------$ 2 .5 0 ------------------------------------ 4.0 2.1 2.5 2.5 1.8 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.9 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.7 2.6 1.3 2.1 2.5 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.6 3.6 2.8 3.5 2.6 1.6 2.0 1.4 3.4 4.7 2.7 3.4 2.5 5.7 2.9 3.3 2.9 2.4 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.1 4.6 5.7 5.2 3.2 2.3 3.4 2.9 5.2 3.2 3.1 $2,50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $ 2 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 6 0 -----------------------------------$ 2 . 7 0 ____________________________ $ 2 . 8 0 _____ ___________ ________ $ 2 , 9 0 ____________ ______________ $ 3 . 0 0 -------------------__ _____ 6.0 7.8 5.5 5.8 4.0 5.6 5.3 3.8 4.4 2.8 7.4 9.5 7.7 8.0 6.1 5.9 9.6 7.6 6.0 5.0 7.0 9.1 4.8 6.3 5.0 3.2 6.2 3.7 4.6 3.0 5.8 5.3 4.0 4.2 2.7 7.0 5.8 3.0 6.6 3.4 5.5 5.0 3.7 4.0 2.6 5.8 4.6 3.0 2.1 1.8 5.8 6.1 3.6 8.8 2.7 $ $ $ $ $ 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3,40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 .1 0 ______ __________________ $ 3 .2 0 ___________________ _______ $ 3.30 __ _________________________ $ 3.40 ____ _ _ $ 3.50 4.0 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.5 2.6 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.1 5.0 3.2 2.6 2.2 2.1 4.4 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.2 4.8 4.3 6.1 3.9 3.7 4.1 3.1 3.0 5.3 1.7 2.4 1.5 1.8 .8 .4 3.7 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.0 2.4 1.7 1.5 .7 .5 2.2 2.4 1.8 1.6 .4 $ 3,50 $ 3,60 $ 3.70 $ 3.80 $ 3.90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3.60 ....... ...... . $ 3.70 $ 3.80 $ 3.90 $ 4 ,0 0 ____________________________ 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.3 .9 .9 .6 .6 .6 .4 2.6 1.4 1.9 1.0 1.9 2.5 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.2 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.5 .9 1.3 .7 .6 .8 .9 .4 .5 .6 1.7 .9 1.1 .6 .6 .8 .5 .5 .6 .4 .5 .2 .4 (3 ) .2 .6 .4 .2 .4 .3 $4.00 and o v e r _____________________________________ N u m ber of w o r k e r s A v e r a g e h o u rly earn in gs 1 6.6 2.0 3.4 9.9 4.7 5.2 1.3 5.4 1.9 .9 1.3 26,048 63, 673 2. 199 9, 988 3, 093 1, 607 5, 668 7, 718 48, 393 2, 985 1, 120 $2.76 $2.45 $ 2.76 $2.96 $2.81 $2.64 $2.41 $2.63 $2.43 $2.35 $2.45 1 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o vertim e and fo r work on w eekends, h olidays, 2 Includes data fo r regio n s in addition to those shown sep a ra te ly. 3 L e s s than 0.05 p ercen t. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100, and la te sh ifts, Table 5. Earnings distribution: By labor-management contract coverage (P e r c e n t distribu tion of produ ction w o r k e r s in m en's and boys' shirts (except w ork sh irts) and n ightw ear m anufacturing establish m ents b y s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly ea rn in gs, 1 United States and selected regions, June 1974) United States 2 None or M a jo rity m in o rity of of w ork ers w ork ers co vered co vered H ou rly earn in gs T o t a l ____________________ ______ ____________ Under $ 2 .0 0 ________________________________________ 100.0 100.0 0.2 0.3 New England M a jo rity of w ork ers co vered 100.0 - M iddle A tla n tic None o r M a jo rity m in o rity of of w o rk e rs w o rk ers cove red c o vered 100.0 0.1 100.0 - B o rd er States None or M a jo rity m in o rity of of w o rk ers w o rk ers c o vered covered Southeast M a jo rity of w o rk ers c o vered Southwest None o r m in o rity of w o rk ers co v e re d 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.2 1.4 ( 3) 0.2 G reat Lakes P a c ific None or m in o rity of w orke rs co v e re d M a jo rity of w o rk ers c o vered M a jo rity of wo rk ers co vered None or m in o rity of w ork ers co vered 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 0.9 - - $2.00 $2.05 $2.10 $2.15 $2.20 and and and and and under under unde r unde r under $ 2 . 0 5 ___ _______ _______________ $ 2 . 1 0 ___________________________ $ 2 . 1 5 ____________________________ $ 2 . 2 0 __________ _______ _________ $ 2 . 2 5 ___________________________ 15.5 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.9 33.4 3.2 5.9 3.5 5.7 12.7 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.8 8.6 2.5 1.4 1.6 2.3 15.7 2.4 1.8 2.6 5.4 12.5 1.0 3.2 2.1 5.9 34.7 3.8 6.5 3.0 9.3 20.7 1.9 2.2 2.5 3.2 34.1 3.2 6.1 3.5 5.5 32.8 3.4 5.6 5.2 4.8 12.6 3.2 3.9 2.9 2.5 11.5 1.4 3.2 2.4 .9 34.6 2.5 4.3 3.7 2.4 $2.25 $2.30 $ 2.35 $ 2.40 $2.45 and and and and and unde r under under under under $ 2.3 0 ___________ _______________ $ 2 . 3 5 ___________________________ $ 2 .4 0 ___ _ ____________________ $ 2 .4 5 ____________________ _____ $ 2 . 5 0 ___ ______________________ 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.4 4.7 3.8 3.6 3.5 2.8 3.5 1.9 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.3 2.0 2.5 1.8 4.6 1.4 2.5 4.6 2.7 1.7 6.6 2.2 2.3 1.8 4.3 3.0 2.7 3.5 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.5 3.0 3.0 4.7 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.0 4.5 5.7 5.0 3.5 2.3 3.4 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.3 1.0 2.0 2.5 1.3 5.9 1.6 2.9 1.9 .9 $ 2.50 $ 2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $ 2.90 and and and and and under under unde r under under $ 2 .6 0 ___________________________ $ 2 .7 0 ____________________________ $ 2 . 8 0 ___________________________ $ 2 . 9 0 __________ _________________ $ 3 .0 0 ___________________________ 5.9 8.2 5.7 7.7 4.4 5.7 4.6 3.4 2.9 2.4 6.7 9.4 7.0 8.6 6.3 5.8 10.2 7.0 6.6 5.2 8.8 4.7 6.3 2.6 4.2 5.9 7.7 5.5 9.2 4.3 4.9 4.4 3.2 1.9 2.0 6.1 6.3 4.7 8.1 3.6 5.5 4.7 3.3 3.1 2.4 5.9 4.8 3.0 2.1 1.8 5.5 6.5 5.5 11.6 6.4 4.4 9.0 7.0 4.7 3.2 6.8 3.5 4.8 3.5 2.3 $3.00 $3.10 $ 3.20 $ 3.30 $3.40 and and and and and unde r under under under under $ 3 . 1 0 ____________________________ $ 3 .2 0 _______ ________ _________ $ 3 .3 0 ___________________________ $ 3 .4 0 _____ _____________________ $ 3 . 5 0 _____ _______________ ___ 4.1 3.3 3.6 3.3 2.6 2.3 1.6 1.3 .9 • .7 5.4 3.7 3.5 2.9 2.2 4.4 4.2 4.4 3.9 3.5 5.0 3.6 3.7 3.6 1.6 4.5 2.5 3.8 4.3 1.1 1.9 1.5 1.3 .6 .5 3.7 2.7 3.2 2.8 2.3 2.1 1.4 1.1 .8 .8 2.3 1.8 1.7 .9 .6 3.9 3.7 3.6 2.0 1.8 3.7 4.9 3.5 3.7 5.8 4.2 2.2 2.9 1.3 .5 $3.50 $ 3.60 $ 3.70 $3.80 $ 3.90 and and and and and under under under unde r under $ 3 .6 0 _____ ______ ____________ $ 3 .7 0 ___ ________________________ $ 3 . 8 0 ____________________________ $ 3 . 9 0 ____________________________ $ 4 .0 0 _________________ ______ 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.1 .7 .5 .5 .4 .2 2.5 1.7 2.9 .9 1.8 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.9 1.6 1.4 .4 2.0 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.6 .5 .5 .3 .3 .1 1.5 1.0 1.1 1.3 .8 .7 .4 .4 .4 .3 .6 .3 .4 (3) .1 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 .6 3.3 3.5 2.0 2.5 1.5 1.7 .9 1.0 .7 .2 __________ 6.1 1.6 4.4 9.1 5.5 3.4 1.6 5.0 1.4 .9 3.2 8.7 2.9 Nu m ber of w o r k e r s -------------------- ----------------- 34, 769 54,952 2,951 11,423 1, 658 2, 413 4, 862 14,606 41, 505 3,411 1, 298 790 1, 906 $2.78 $2.38 $2.82 $2.95 $2.72 $2.71 $2.34 $2.69 $2.37 $2.35 $2.70 $2.96 $2.49 $ 4.00 and o v e r ________________________ A v e r a g e h ou rly e a r n in g s 1_______________ ______ 1 Exclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekend, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data fo r re gio n s in addition to those shown sep arately. 3 L e s s than 0.05 percen t. NOTE: Dashes in dicate no data re p o rte d o r data that do not m eet publication c r ite ria . Table 6. Earnings distribution: Dress shirts (P e r c e n t distrib u tio n o f production w o rk ers by stra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earnings. United States and sele cted re gio n s, June 1974) United States 2 H o u rly earnings T o ta l T o t a l ________________________________________ 100.0 U nder $ 2 . 0 0 ................................ . ........................ 0.2 Men W om en 100.0 100.0 0.2 - New England 100.0 - M idd le A tla n tic 100.0 - B o rd e r State s 100.0 - Southeast 100.0 0.2 Southwest 100.0 - G reat Lakes 100.0 0.9 $2.00 $2.05 $ 2.10 $2.15 $ 2.20 and and and and and under under under under under $2.05 ____ $2.10 ........ ................... $2.15 $2.20 ______________ $ 2.25 __ _____ 24.4 2.9 4.1 2.7 3.6 10.0 1.5 3.0 1.5 3.3 26.1 3.1 4.2 2.9 3.6 11.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 2.0 10.1 4.2 2.2 1.8 2.2 17.5 1.4 4.0 2.4 1.7 28.9 2.7 4.5 2.9 4.1 33.1 3.3 5.5 3.6 4.9 14.5 3.6 4.9 3.3 4.1 $2.25 $2.30 $ 2.35 $2.40 $2.45 and and and and and under under under under under $2.30 ___________ $2.35 .. . _ $ 2 .4 0 _________ ________________ $2.45 $2.50 ________ 3.2 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.8 3.5 1.5 2.5 1.8 3.2 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.6 3.4 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.9 2.3 1.4 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.2 6.2 1.6 3.2 1.8 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.8 3.7 5.3 4.2 3.3 2.2 3.9 3.0 2.5 3.0 2.6 $2.50 $2.60 $ 2.70 $ 2.80 $2.90 and and and and and under under under under under $2.60 $2.70 $ 2 .8 0 ___________________________ $ 2 .9 0 ___________________________ $ 3.00 _______________________ 5.3 6.3 4.6 5.7 3.6 4.5 6.1 4.0 6.8 3.3 5.4 6.3 4.6 5.6 3.6 5.6 9.8 7.1 7.2 6.2 5.6 7.6 7.2 6.7 5.6 4.7 6.3 4.6 9.1 3.0 5.3 5.5 3.9 5.3 3.0 5.6 7.4 3.1 1.9 1.7 5.2 5.6 4.7 10.8, 5.9 $ $ $ $ $ 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 3.3 2.6 2.8 2.4 1.8 3.0 2.5 2.5 6.5 2.1 3.3 2.7 2.8 1.9 1.8 5.8 4.1 4.0 3.1 2.5 4.5 4.4 4.8 4.1 2.9 5.0 2.8 3.9 4.6 1.3 2.7 2.1 2.3 1.8 1.6 2.3 2.0 1.6 1.6 .8 3.4 3.6 3.1 2.0 1.7 $ $ $ $ $ 3.50 3.60 3.70 3.80 3.90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3.60 $ 3.70 _ ...... . . $ 3.80 $ 3.90 _.................... $4.00 .. .. 1.3 1.0 1.0 .9 .7 2.3 1.4 1.3 2.6 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 .8 .6 2.6 1.9 3.3 1.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.2 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.1 .8 .7 .8 .4 .6 .3 .4 .4 .2 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 .6 3.10 ___ 3 .2 0 ___________________________ 3.30 3.40 ...... 3.50 $4.00 and o v e r ............. ...... N u m ber o f w o r k e r s A v e r a g e h o u rly earn in gs 12 3 1 E xclu des 2 Includes 3 W o rk ers $4.60 and under NOTE: _ __ _ _______ 4.0 318.6 2.3 5.1 7.8 4.8 3.4 .9 2.8 41, 358 4, 318 37, 040 2,445 6, 205 1, 988 25,428 3, 631 1, 374 $2,60 $ 3.07 $2.55 $2.85 $2.88 $2.73 $2.53 $2.39 $2.65 p rem iu m pay fo r o vertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olida ys, and late sh ifts, data fo r regions in addition to those shown s e p a ra te ly, w e re distribu ted as fo llo w s : 6,7 percen t at $4 and under $4,20; 2,9 p ercen t at $4.20 and under $4,40; 2,1 p ercen t $4.80; 1.2 percen t at $4.80 and under $5; and 4.1 p ercen t at $ 5 and o v e r, Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. at $4,40 and under $4,60; 1.7 percen t at Table 7. Earnings distribution: Sport shirts (Percen t distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings, 1 United States and selected regions, June 19*74) United States 2 H o u rly earnings T o ta l T o ta l U nder $ 2,0 0_______________________________________ Men W om en M iddle A tlan tic B o rd e r States Southeast M iddle W est 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 1.5 0.2 0.6 29.2 3.0 5.3 3.4 6.1 6.8 1.2 1.1 2.1 2.8 34.8 3.8 6.8 3.1 10.4 30.3 3.0 6.1 3.5 6.4 25.5 2.9 5.6 3.6 4.0 $2.00 $ 2,05 $2.10 $2.15 $ 2.20 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 , 0 5 ----------------------------------$ 2 , 1 0 ___________________________ $ 2 . 1 5 ___________________________ $ 2 .2 0 ---------------------------------$ 2 ,2 5 ----------------------------------- 27.9 2.9 5.4 3.3 6.0 16.0 1.4 6.6 2.2 5.5 $2.25 $ 2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 3 0 __________________________ $ 2 ,3 5 ___________________________ $ 2 . 4 0 --------------------------------$ 2 . 4 5 ___________________________ $ 2 , 5 0 __________________________ 4.4 3.6 3.1 3.5 2.7 4.0 2.8 2.5 3.2 2.6 4.5 3.6 3,2 3.6 2.7 2.8 1.3 1.8 4.3 1.8 4.3 3.3 2.8 3.3 2.5 4.7 4.1 3.4 3.7 3.1 3.9 3.3 2.7 2.8 2.6 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2,80 $ 2.90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 . 6 0 ___________________________ $ 2 . 7 0 ___________________________ $ 2 . 8 0 ___________________________ $ 2 . 9 0 ---------------------------------$ 3 ,0 0 ----------------------------------- 6.1 5.8 3.9 4.0 2.6 4.9 5.5 4.2 4.0 2.5 6.2 5.9 3.9 4.0 2.6 6.4 13.8 6.8 6.0 3.2 4.9 4.4 3.1 1.9 2.1 6.1 4.9 3.5 3.7 2.4 5.2 7.1 4.0 9.6 3.8 $ 3.00 $ 3.10 $ 3.20 $ 3.30 $ 3,40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3.10 __ _______________________ $ 3 .2 0 ___________________________ $ 3 .3 0 ___________________________ $ 3 .4 0 ____________ ______________ $ 3,50 _ ________________ ___ 2.6 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.1 3.7 2.6 2.8 2.5 1.6 2.5 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.0 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.2 1.7 1.1 1.0 .5 .2 2.4 1.6 1.1 1.0 .9 3.0 2.8 1.8 1.9 .2 $ 3.50 $ 3.60 $ 3.70 $ 3.80 $ 3,90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3.60 .......................................... $ 3 .7 0 ----------------- --------------$ 3 .8 0 .......................................... $ 3 .9 0 _________ __ ____________ $ 4 . 0 0 ___________________________ 1.1 .6 .7 .7 .5 2.5 1.1 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 .6 .6 .6 .4 3.5 2.1 2.4 1.6 1.3 .4 .5 .2 .3 .1 .8 .3 .5 .5 .4 .5 .6 .2 .4 .3 2.3 3 11.1 1.4 8.5 1.1 1.4 1.5 N u m ber o f w o r k e r s ______________________________ 37,456 3, 658 33, 798 3, 878 4,492 23, 962 1, 007 A v e r a g e h o u rly earn in gs 1_______________________ $2.47 $2.81 $2.43 $2.94 $2.31 $2.40 $2.48 $4,00 and o v e r 1 E x clu des p rem iu m pay fo r o ve rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid a ys, and late sh ifts, 2 Includes data fo r region s in addition to those shown sep a ra te ly, 3 W o r k e rs w e r e distribu ted as fo llo w s : 2,9 p ercen t at $4 and under $4.20; 2,3 p ercen t at $4,20 and under $4,40; 1,6 p ercen t at $4.40 and under $4,60; 0.8 p ercen t at $4.60 and under $4.80; 0.4 percen t at $4.80 and under $5; and 3,2 p ercen t at $ 5 and o v e r, NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100, Table 8. Earnings distribution: Nightwear (Percent distribution of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings, 1 United States and Southeast, June 1974) U nited States 1 2 H o u rly earnings T o ta l _ Southeast ........ . ........... . Under $ 2 .0 0 _______________________________________ T o ta l Men W om en 100.0 100.0 100.0 (3 ) - (3 ) 100.0 - $ 2.00 $ 2 r05 $2.10 $2.15 $2.20 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2.05 _ ..... _ _ $2.10 . _ ... $2.15 ........ ........ $2.20 ....... $ 2 .2 5 ___________________________ 33.7 2.3 2.9 3.3 3.8 11.5 1.0 2.9 1.5 .9 36.1 2.4 2.9 3.5 4.1 38.8 2.7 3.6 3.1 2.6 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 and and and and and under under under under under $2.30 $2.35 .... $2.40 __________________________ $ 2 .4 5 ___________________________ $2.50 __________________________ 4.4 2.8 4.9 3.6 2.8 4.0 4.8 4.5 3.4 5.6 4.4 2.6 5.0 3.6 2.5 4.9 2.9 5.9 3.9 3.1 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .6 0 ___________________________ $ 2 .7 0 ___________________________ $2.80 __________________________ $ 2 .9 0 ______ ____________________ $ 3 .0 0 ___________________________ 5.7 4.6 4.0 3.6 3.3 7.7 7.1 4.9 3.6 2.4 5.5 4.4 3.8 3.6 3.4 5.5 4.2 3.4 3.6 2.3 $ 3.00 $ 3.10 $ 3.20 $ 3.30 $ 3.40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 .1 0 ___________________________ $ 3 .2 0 ___________________________ $ 3.30 ...... ....... . $ 3.40 __________________________ $ 3 .5 0 ___________________________ 2.8 1.9 1.8 1.3 .7 3.6 2.4 2.2 3.8 2.0 2.7 1.9 1.8 1.0 .6 2.2 1.3 1.2 .6 .4 $ 3.50 $ 3.60 $ 3.70 $ 3.80 $ 3.90 and and and and and under under under under under $ 3 .6 0 ___________________________ $ 3.70 _ _____ _________________ $ 3 .8 0 ____________________ ______ $ 3 .9 0 _____________ ___________ $4.00 ............... ................... .7 1.1 .5 .5 .4 2.2 4.1 .3 1.1 .5 .5 .8 .5 .4 .4 .6 .8 .3 .3 .3 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 and and and and and under under under under under $4,10 $4.20 ____________________________ $4.30 ... . _ _ .... $ 4 .4 0 ___________________________ $4.50 _ ..... .... _ .7 .1 .3 .2 .2 2.3 1.0 1.5 .1 .3 .5 .0 .1 .2 .2 .4 .2 .3 (3 ) $4.50 and o v e r .. . .. ......... . 1.2 6.7 .6 .7 Num ber o f w o r k e r s ______________________________ 8, 873 871 8, 002 6, 537 A v e r a g e hou rly earnings 1 _______________________ $2.46 $2.88 $2.41 $2.37 1 Excludes prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olidays, 2 Includes data fo r regions in addition to the Southeast. 3 L e s s than 0.05 percen t. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100, and la te sh ifts. Table 9. Occupational averages: All establishments (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings1 of production workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, United States and selected regions, June 1974) United States 2 Occupation New England M idd le A tlan tic Num ber of w ork ers A ver age h ou rly e a rn ings B o rd er States Num ber of w ork ers A ver age hou rly e a rn ings Southeast Num ber of w ork ers A ver age h ou rly e a rn ings Southwest Num b er of w ork ers A ver age hou rly e a rn ings G reat Lakes Num ber of w ork ers A ver age h ou rly e a rn ings M id d le W est Num ber of w ork ers P a c ific A ver age hourly earn ings Num ber of w ork ers A ver age hou rly e a rn ings 1,196 $2.48 17 $2.79 117 $3.00 107 $2.32 763 $2.45 44 $2.31 - - 57 $2.51 391 832 415 1,124 3.25 3.58 3.31 2.85 6 19 30 3.67 4.13 3.31 60 155 58 181 4.04 4.20 4.17 3.19 20 54 22 75 3.14 3.68 3.30 2.71 254 468 272 713 3.15 3.36 3.19 2.78 20 47 27 48 2.66 2.84 2.44 2.66 12 11 10 23 $3.38 4.12 3.68 2.99 6 13 8 20 $2.66 3.30 2.94 2.60 58 6 25 4.00 3.70 2.84 680 411 2.49 2.45 _ 7 2.44 80 47 3.01 2.61 27 43 2.82 2.32 508 275 2.40 2.43 33 11 2.18 2.69 18 - 2.48 - 6 - 2.37 - 16 2.42 915 1,434 2.41 2.54 - - 82 133 2.75 2.71 52 - 2.63 - 651 893 2.34 2.51 51 - 2.17 36 - 2.75 - 15 - 2.51 - 10 2.04 - 49,817 21,095 5,131 21,322 208 2.49 2.54 2.46 2.44 2.52 1,920 1,439 - 6,773 2,851 1,913 40 2.87 2.80 2.87 2.84 4, 363 1,130 2,861 8 2.41 2.66 2.28 2.75 31,290 13,369 3, 609 13,456 127 2.41 2.46 2.37 2.39 2.34 2,372 1,778 - 2.34 2.35 - 556 369 - 2.64 2.53 - 823 605 - 2.41 2.40 - 1,520 2.63 2.63 2.87 523 2.62 - 94 2.89 - 322 2.63 62 3.18 " 2,189 2,943 1,461 854 628 654 365 2.43 2.62 2.67 2.56 2.59 2.42 2.61 66 - 2.59 - 333 346 210 84 52 66 57 2.74 2.99 3.18 2.78 2.52 2.90 2.56 156 175 105 35 43 21 2.40 2.62 2.52 2.95 2.39 2.38 1,408 2,109 965 655 489 380 203 2.37 2.55 2.56 2.48 2.61 2.33 2.61 133 103 56 49 31 2.30 2.47 2.44 2.23 2.30 19 20 - 2.48 2.74 - 2,788 2.40 182 2.49 276 2.77 275 2.44 1,777 2.33 125 2.44 46 2,306 2.53 108 2.90 367 3.11 131 2.62 1,502 2.33 74 2.33 - 3.81 697 2.85 73 2.47 33 Num b er of w ork ers Aver age h ou rly e a rn ings Num ber of w ork ers A ver age h ourly e a rn ings Cutting ro o m A s s e m b le r s (1 67 m en, 1,029 w om en )___________ C lic k e r-m a c h in e o p e ra to rs (271 m en, 120 w o m e n )_______________________________________ C u tters , m achine (759 m en, 73 w om en )________ M a rk e rs (287 m en, 128 w o m e n )_________________ S p rea d e rs (950 m en, 174 w o m e n )_______________ - - Sew ing departm ent C o lla r p o in ters (9 m en, 671 w om en) C o lla r top t r im m e r s (3 m en, 408 w om en) In sp e cto rs, in te rm e d ia te (in s p e c to r o f p a rts ) (6 m en, 909 w om en )_____________________________ L o a d e rs , m achine (5 m en, 1,429 w o m e n )_____ S ew in g-m ach in e o p e ra to rs 3 (92 m en, 49.725 wom en) D re ss sh irts (64 m en, 21,031 w o m e n )_____ N ig h tw ea r (a ll w om en) _ ... . Sport s h irts (27 m en, 21,295 w o m e n ).__ U n d e rp r e s s e rs , hand (19 m en, 189 w om en). . ... U n d e rp r e s s e rs , m achine (45 m en, 478 w o m e n )_______________________________________ 2.76 2.83 - - - ~ 1,520 25 ~ ~ F in ish in g dep artm en t B a g g e rs and b o x e rs (123 m en, 2,066 w o m e n )____________________________________ F o ld e r s , garm en t (a ll w o m e n )___________________ H and _____________________________________________ M ach ine_____________________________________ ____ Hand and m ach in e______________________________ Garm ent re p a irm e n (5 m en, 649 w om en) _ In s p e c to rs , fin a l (in sp ect only) (a ll w om en )____ In sp e cto rs, fin a l (and thread t r im m e r s ) (1 man. 2.787 w om en) _ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand (25 m en, 2,281 w o m e n )---------------------------------------- ----- P r e s s e r s , fin ish , m achine (15 m en, 1,150 w o m e n )----------------------------------------------P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand and m achine (7 m en, 364 w o m e n )_______________________________________ T h rea d t r im m e r s (1 man, 369 w o m e n )_________ 13 29 15 - 2.67 2.54 2.50 - 42 77 50 10 2.31 2.67 2.81 2.73 2.64 39 2.28 55 2.49 - 43 2.85 59 3.01 2.63 - - ~ - - 76 2.36 - 2.78 127 3.23 30 - 118 2.91 107 22 2.38 2.42 187 82 2.40 2.37 53 2.30 ■ 23 22 - 2.66 4.15 125 117 96 2.67 4.16 3.68 53 64 10 2.23 3.54 3.13 507 555 162 2.23 3.82 2.88 48 48 14 2.16 3.71 2.64 16 19 11 2.69 4.07 2.83 10 15 - 2.27 3.50 - 39 14 25 2.29 4.43 3.22 46 2.70 69 282 2.96 2.71 19 165 2.74 2.45 174 1,384 2.57 2.33 32 144 2.36 2.29 50 2.46 27 2.42 108 2.35 1,165 2.86 135 371 370 2.43 2.53 - 829 8b0 333 2.31 3.86 3.13 337 2,216 2.64 2.40 M isc e lla n e o u s Janitors (616 m en, 213 w om en )__________________ R ep a irm en , sew in g-m ac h in e ( a ll m e n )_________ Shipping c le rk s (290 m en, 43 w om en )-------------Stock c le r k s (su pply c le r k s ) (273 m en, 64 w om en )_________________________________ ______ W ork d istrib u to rs (540 m en, 1,676 w om en )____ - 1 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid a ys, and la te sh ifts. 2 Includes data fo r the Mountain regio n in addition to those shown sep ara tely. 3 Includes w o r k e r s in c la s s ific a tio n in addition to those shown sep ara tely. NOTE: Dashes in dicate no data re p o rted o r data that do not meet publication c r ite r ia . Table 10. Occupational averages: By labor-management contract coverage (N u m b er and a v e r a g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ourly earn in gs 1 of production w o r k e r s in s e le cted occupations in m e n 's and b o ys' sh irts (e x c e p t w ork sh irts) and n igh tw ea r m anu facturing establish m en ts, United States and sele c te d re g io n s, June 1974) M idd le A tlan tic United States 2 E stablish m ents w ith— O ccupation A s s e m b le r s ______________________ _____ _______________ B a g g e rs and b o x e r s _____________________ __ ___________ C lic k e r-m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ________ ________ ________ C o lla r p o in t e r s ______________________ __________________ C o lla r top t r im m e r s C u tters, m a ch in e________________ __ ___________ _____ F o ld e r s , g a r m e n t _______________________________________ Hand________________________ _____ _______________ __ M a c h in e _____________________________________ ________ Hand and m a c h in e ____________________________________ G arm ent r e p a ir m e n ______________________________________ In sp e cto rs, fin a l (in s p e c t o n ly )________________________ In sp e cto rs, fin a l (and thread trim m e r s ) In sp e cto rs, in te rm e d ia te (in s p e c to r of p a r t s )___ ____ J a n it o r s _______________________________________________ __ L o a d e rs , m a ch in e _______________________________________ M a rk e rs P r e s s e r s , fin ish , h a n d __________________________ _____ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , m a c h in e ______________________ _____ R ep airm en , sew in g m a c h in e ____________ -_____________ S ew in g -m a ch in e o p e ra to rs 3_______________ __ ________ D re s s s h i r t s _________________________ _____ ________ N ig h tw e a r______________________________________________ S port s h ir t s _____________________________ ___________ Shipping c le r k s ____________________________________ _____ S p re a d e rs ______________ __ __________________________ __ Stock c le r k s (su pply c l e r k s ) _______ ___________ __ __ T h rea d t r im m e r s ___________________________ _____ _____ U n d e rp re s s e rs , hand U n d e rp re s s e rs , m a ch in e________________________________ W ork d is t r ib u t o r s ____________________________________ __ See footn otes at end of table. M a jo rity co vered None o r m in o rity c o v e re d Number of w orkers A verage h ou rly earnings Num ber of w o rk e rs A verage h ou rly earnings 346 770 178 251 127 321 1,077 450 476 151 243 176 907 310 328 966 178 6891 605 325 18, 3531 11,303 1,698 3,955 144 473 140 204 701 296 920 $2.90 2.72 3.95 2.85 2.52 4.02 2.98 3.15 2.77 3.09 2.71 2.81 2.61 2.62 2.56 2.62 3.84 3.05 3.02 4.05 2.70 2.70 2.61 2.65 3.43 3.28 2.90 2.72 3.00 2.84 2.64 850 1, 419 213 429 284 511 1,866 1, O il 378 477 411 189 1, 881 605 501 468 237 1, 617 560 535 31, 464 9,792 3, 433 17, 367 189 651 197 166 138 227 1, 296 $2.31 2.27 2.66 2.27 2.41 3.30 2.41 2.45 2.29 2.43 2.25 2.43 2.31 2.31 2.15 2.37 2.90 2.31 2.68 3.74 2.37 2.35 2.39 2.39 2.90 2.53 2.45 2.29 2.28 2.33 2.23 None or m in o rity co vered M a jo rity co v e re d Num ber of w orkers 95 306 57 77 44 140 321 209 _ - 62 50 222 54 107 121 57 303 118 100 5, 833 2, 558 - 1,642 92 179 62 107 35 94 256 A verage h ou rly earnings $3.17 2.74 4.08 3.00 2.62 4.17 3.01 3.19 2.90 2.64 2.83 2.95 2.72 2.70 4.17 3.25 3.22 4.22 2.88 2.82 - 2.86 3.69 3.19 3.00 2.96 2.96 2.89 2.75 Num ber of w o rk ers A v e ra g e h ourly earnings 22 27 15 25 - $2.27 2.70 4.51 2.65 - - - - 54 64 9 17 940 293 - 26 2.54 2.49 3.43 3.87 2.80 2.63 - 2.33 Table 10. Occupational averages: By labor-management contract coverage—Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings1 of production workers in selected occupations in m en's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, United States and selected regions, June 1974) Southwest Southeast B o rd er States E stablish m ents w ith— Occupation M a jo rity co vered Num ber of w o rk ers ____ _______ _____ __ A ssp m h lp rs _ ________ ________ ___ B 3 g g <=>r s anH hnxprs _ C lic k ©r —m a p t ^ dt s ("nil a r points r s _______ ______________ C o lla r top t r im m s r s ______________ _______ C u tters, m a ch in e------------ ------ ---------------------------<^1] d o c ga rm pnt .... ___ __ Ha'nH M ach ine _ ___ ________________ ____ __ Hand and ma chin'* ___ r,arm pn t re p a irm a n In sp e ctors (lncpprt. only) ..... ..... In sp e cto rs, fin a l (and thread t r i m m e r s ) -----------------In sp e cto rs, in te rm e d ia te (in s p e c to r o f p a r t s )---------Jan itors _ _________________ L o a d e rs m a c h in e .______ -__ ____________________ -______ M a rk er* ...... Press***"!0 •finish hand __ _____ _____ ___________ P r e s S e r P fin ish m achine R ep airm en Toaoiiine Sewing -m ach in e o p e ra to rs 3 ...... re as s h irts _ ______________ -_ N ig h tw e a r________________________________ ____________ gp ort sh irts _ _ _____ Shipping c l e r k s ________________ Spread****® — ___ ________ ________ ________ Stock c le r k s (su pply c l e r k s ) _ T h rea d t r i m m e r s ___ __________________________________ JJn d e r p r e s s e r s hand U n d erpres s er s m achine ■\york d i s t r i b u t o r s ___ ,, _________________ ___ 21 46 8 14 16 22 71 _ 35 _ 14 9 59 52 15 _ A verage hourly earnings $2.79 2.76 3.43 3.10 2.43 4.19 2.97 59 14 26 1,291 812 2.95 _ 2.60 2.51 2.63 2.63 2.37 _ 3.37 2.83 3.71 3.67 2.64 2.71 107 2.32 11 _ 21 3.25 22 2.42 2.75 8 _ 88 _ None o r m in o rity c o vered A verage hou rly earnings Num ber of w o rk ers 86 110 12 13 _ 32 104 74 _ _ 29 _ 216 $2.21 2.24 2.94 2.52 3.32 2.38 2.32 38 > 2.17 $2.81 2.73 4.07 2.82 2.49 3.76 2.96 2.71 3.43 2.55 3.02 2.51 2.41 2.46 11 3.23 _ _ 3.45 2.31 2.55 183 297 85 128 49 106 532 306 88 111 53 364 143 146 86 177 276 141 7,680 5,738 1,036 26 198 54 27 2.34 2.85 3.38 2.72 2.46 _ _ 38 3, 072 318 2, 754 9 54 _ 2.62 8 _ NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. - 2.28 _ 2.39 - 2.28 3.09 2.51 2.43 - _ - _ _ 77 1 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olidays, and la te shifts. 2 Includes data f o r regio n s in addition to those shown sep arately. 3 Includes w o r k e r s in c la s s ific a tio n in addition to those shown sep arately. M a jo rity co v e re d A verage hourly earn in gs Num ber of w ork ers 2.26 - 130 399 - 3.76 2.80 3.13 4.00 2.58 2.65 - 3.04 2.59 None o r m in o rity c o vered Num ber of w o rk ers 580 1,111 169 380 226 362 1, 577 827 349 401 269 150 1, 413 508 361 437 186 1, 325 421 414 23, 610 7, 631 2, 862 12,420 136 515 120 55 121 192 985 A verage h ou rly earn in gs $2.34 2.27 2.69 2.26 2.42 3.24 2.41 2.45 2.27 2.43 2.24 2.47 2.28 2.32 2.13 2.37 2.92 2.27 2.67 3.77 2.36 2.32 2.35 2.39 2.88 2.55 2.50 2.33 2.28 2.34 2.23 None or mine>rity co vered Num ber of w o rk e rs 42 101 14 27 11 39 77 56 47 13 123 51 40 - A v e ra g e hourly earnings $2.33 2.23 2.39 2.20 2.69 2.72 2.37 2.44 - 2.21 2.23 2.44 2.17 2.19 - 25 74 71 42 1,932 1,338 2.35 2.33 2.44 3.77 2.34 2.35 12 38 32 2.53 2.56 2.36 “ - 34 112 - 2.23 2.20 Table 11. Occupational averages: By labor-management contract coverage and major product—Dress shirts (N u m ber and a v e r a g e s tra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings 1 o f production w o rk ers in sele cted occupations, United States and sele cted re g io n s, June 1974) N ew England United S ta te s 2 M iddle A tlan tic Southeast B o rd er States Southwest Great Lakes None or M a jo rity ______eo.y&red_____ E stablish m ents with— M a jo rity covered Occupation None or m in o r it v c o vered M a jo rity c o v e re d M a jo rity c o vered Maj<jr it y covt »red M a jo rity ____c o vered _____ None or m in o rity c o v e re d m in o r it y co vered Num ber A v e ra g e Num ber A v e r a g e Num ber A v e r a g e Num ber A v e r a g e Num ber A v e r a g e Num ber A v e r a g e Num ber A v e r a g e Num ber A vera g e Num ber A v e ra g e hourly hourly of h ourly of h ourly h ourly of of hou rly h ourly of of hou rly of hourly of of w ork ers earnings w o rk e rs earn in gs w o rk e rs earninge w o rk ers earn in gs w o rk e rs earnings w o rk e rs earn in gs w o rk ers earn in gs w o rk e rs earnings w ork ers earnings ■p^gge-pp apd VinvAT a . ............ C iiftp r s , mar.hinp PV»ldAr s , garm en t Rand U arh ina Hand and m achine Tn specfnrs( final (and thread tr im m a r s ) P ra R sa rs, fin ish , hand .... . . .. _ ... . Rapai rrri(»nJ Rawing m arhin a .... ____ . .. . Sawing-m anhina nparatnrR S p rea d ers , .... W ork d is trib u to rs ________________________________ 418 $ 2 .7 1 201 4 .0 2 499 139 $ 2 .1 9 3 .3 0 789 234 2 .9 9 3 .2 3 644 2 .3 0 317 2 .3 0 434 2 .8 1 3 .1 9 2 .6 3 115 212 2 .4 6 121 $ 2 .6 6 11 4 .2 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ $ 2 .6 4 $ 2 .1 8 83 $ 2 .2 3 16 $ 2 .5 7 14 ' 4 .2 5 82 $ 2 .7 9 3 .9 0 397 4 .1 5 85 3 .2 8 32 2 .7 4 10 4 .0 0 2 .9 4 37 2 .9 3 501 3 .0 0 544 2 .2 9 2 .2 7 77 56 2 .3 7 2 .4 4 _ 3 .3 3 _ 35 _ _ $ 2 .7 3 _ 204 260 _ 286 2 .7 5 110 2 .4 8 88 3 .4 3 174 2 .2 1 273 2 .6 5 478 2 .2 8 92 2 .4 8 35 177 2 .8 0 350 2 .3 5 128 4 .0 0 151 3 .6 5 39 1 ,5 9 4 3 .7 5 _ 641 2 .3 0 172 2 .5 0 133 2 .4 1 427 2 .3 6 2 .8 0 115 198 3 .6 7 85 21 2 .8 1 3 .0 2 37 2 .8 7 4 .0 0 4 .1 0 61 4 .0 6 13 1 1 ,8 5 5 2 .6 9 3 .7 9 2 .7 0 1 0 ,1 3 1 2 .3 4 1 ,4 3 9 2 .8 3 2 ,9 4 6 7 ,7 0 0 2 .3 1 193 16 10 3 .0 0 3 .7 7 150 2 .7 3 529 41 3 .5 8 2 .7 2 84 523 2 .6 9 2 .2 2 5 ,8 7 9 131 2 .6 4 3 .5 5 2 .7 9 3 .4 1 702 266 90 2 .9 0 59 2 .6 6 275 2 .6 9 369 2 .7 0 2 .2 2 h olidays, and late shifts. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 246 652 Dashes in dicate no data re p orted o r data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . 95 76 137 55 444 1 Exclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, 2 In clu des data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown sep a ra te ly. NOTE: 2 .2 2 36 _ _ _ _ _ 2 .7 6 _ _ 2 .7 5 449 15 2 .6 7 27 99 2 .2 0 26 2 .7 8 2 .3 5 3 .1 4 Table 12. Occupational averages: By labor-management contract coverage and major product—Sport shirts (N u m b er and a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly e a rn in g s 1 o f production w ork ers in sele cted occu pation s, United States and selected re g io n s, June 1974) United States 2 M idd le A tlan tic B o rd er States Southeast P a c ific E stablish m ents with— Occupation Maj<}r it y Noile or COVI 2red m inor it'Y c o vered A v e r a g e Num ber A v e r a g e hou rly of h ou rly earnings w ork ers earnings Num ber of w ork ers B a g g e rs and b o xe rs C u tters, m a c h in e ........... F o ld e r s , garm en t 3 H an d____________________ _ M ach ine __ . In s p e c to rs , fin a l (and thread t r i m m P r e s s e r s . fin ish , hand _ R e p a irm e n , sew ing m achine __ S ew in g-m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s ________ S p rea d ers _ _ W o rk d istrib u to rs ers) 240 73 164 125 39 140 126 38 3,834 105 200 $2.70 4.18 2.91 3.09 2.32 2.58 3.31 4.38 2.67 3.02 2.53 764 288 1,088 560 263 1,022 808 287 17,816 374 683 $2.30 3.30 2.47 2.52 2.22 2.30 2.30 3.74 2.39 2.49 2.23 M a jo r ity c o vered Num ber A v e r a g e of h ou rly w o rk e rs earnings 157 41 94 94 - 51 77 17 1,592 56 82 $2.65 4.17 3.19 3.19 - 2.83 3.25 4.76 2.89 2.86 2.63 1 Exclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid a ys, and la te sh ifts. 2 Includes data fo r re gio n s in addition to those shown sep arately. 3 Includes data fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s ific a tio n in addition to those shown sep a ra te ly. NOTE: Dashes in dicate no data re p o rted o r data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . None or m in o rity covered Num ber A v e r a g e of hou rly w o rk ers earnings no 28 104 74 _ 192 - 36 2,754 50 75 $2.24 3.20 2.38 2.32 _ 2.43 - 3.41 2.28 2.47 2.27 M a jo rity None o r c o vered m in o rity c o vered Num ber A v e r a g e Num ber A v e r a g e of hou rly of h ou rly w o rk ers earnings w o rk e rs earnings 46 8 - _ _ - _ 978 19 $2.85 4.19 _ _ _ . _ 2.35 3.16 579 199 899 433 239 741 653 224 12,964 290 541 $2.31 3.18 2.46 2.55 2.18 2.25 2.23 3.78 2.40 2.51 2.22 M a jo rity co vered Num ber A verage of h ou rly w o rk e rs earnings None or m in o ritv covered Num ber A v e ra g e of hourly w ork ers earnings 11 12 24 10 $2.72 4.54 2.95 3.76 31 46 53 40 $2.17 3.86 2.55 2.58 19 3.88 31 40 1,101 2.18 2.60 4.23 2.46 44 2.21 6 419 14 3.05 3.24 Table 13. Occupational averages: By size of community (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of production workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, United States and selected regions, June 1974) M id d le A tlan tic United States 2 Occupation A s s e m b le r s _______________________________________________ B a g g e rs and b o x e r s ______ ______________________________ C lic k e r-m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s __ ________________________ C o lla r p o in t e r s ____________ _____________________________ C o lla r top t r im m e r s _____________________________________ C u tters, m a c h in e ______ ______________________ ________ F o ld e r s , ga rm en t 3 _____________ ______________________ H a n d ____________________________________________________ M ach ine—____ _______ __ _______ ______________ _____ ____ Garm ent r e p a ir m e n _____________________________________ In s p e c to rs , fin a l (in sp ect o n ly )------------------------------In s p e c to rs , fin a l (and thread t r i m m e r s )-----------------In s p e c to rs , in te rm e d ia te (in s p e c to r o f p a r t s )---------J a n ito rs ----------------------- ------------ ---------------------------M a r k e r s ___ ___ _____ __ __ __________ ____________ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , h a n d ------------------------------------------P r e s s e r s , fin ish , m ach in e-------------------------------------R ep a irm en , sew ing m achine-----------------------------------S ew in g-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs 3 -----------------------------------D re ss s h irts ------------------------------------------------------N ig h tw e a r ------------------ ------- ---- -------------------Sport s h irts ------------- ---------------------------------------Shipping c le r k s --------------------------- ------------------------S p r e a d e r s --------------------------------------------------------------Stock c le r k s (su pply c l e r k s ) ----------------------- ------ -----Th rea d t r im m e r s ---------------------------------------------- ----Under p re s sers , hand-------------------------------- ----------U n d erp ress ers , m a c h in e _______________________________ W o rk d is tr ib u to rs ------- ------- ------------------------------- See footn otes at end o f table. M etropolita n a rea s Num ber A verage hou rly of w ork ers earnings 361 583 138 153 85 315 706 368 274 166 132 62 8 145 260 112 632 421 208 13,955 6,466 1,042 5,201 148 315 103 230 78 133 714 $2.66 2.59 3.81 2.79 2.50 4.07 2.80 2.91 2.69 2.57 2.68 2.55 2.56 2.51 4.05 2.94 2.93 4.31 2.69 2.74 2.66 2.57 3.52 3.18 2.70 2.59 2.87 2.78 2.51 N on m etropolitan a rea s Num ber A verage h ou rly of earnings w o rk ers 835 1,606 253 527 326 517 2,237 1,093 580 488 233 2, 160 770 569 303 1,674 744 652 35,862 14, 629 4,089 16,121 185 809 234 140 130 390 1,502 $2.41 2.37 2.95 2.40 2.43 3.28 2.56 2.58 2.50 2.37 2.57 2.36 2.38 2.23 3.03 2.38 2.82 3.71 2.42 2.45 2.41 2.40 2.82 2.72 2.61 2.42 2.32 2.57 2.35 M etrop o lita n area s Num ber A verage h ou rly of earnings w o rk ers 84 258 53 59 36 136 241 149 50 41 196 40 92 49 243 102 83 5,019 2,238 1,260 79 151 32 92 34 60 227 $3.15 2.77 4.02 3.01 2.64 4.24 3.03 3.17 2.91 2.67 2.82 2.97 2.76 4.20 3.31 3.19 4.23 2.90 2.83 2.90 3.75 3.14 2.83 2.89 2.95 2.93 2.73 Nonm etropolitan areas A verage hourly earnings Num ber of w o rk e rs 33 75 7 21 11 19 105 61 16 16 80 42 33 9 124 34 1,754 613 653 17 30 34 55 $2.64 2.64 4.16 3.01 2.50 3.89 2.89 3.22 2.85 2.28 2.65 2.55 2.42 3-99 2.72 4.01 2.77 2.69 2.83 3.33 3.45 2.80 2.63 Table 13. Occupational averages: By size of community— Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings1 of production workers in selected occupations in m en’s and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, United States and selected regions, June 1974) O ccupation A s s ^ m andVirw^Tfi b l _ ... - ________ -____ ____ ______ ______ ________ C lic k e r -m ach in e npp ratn rs C o lla r p o in t e r s ------------------------------------------------------C o lla r top t rim m p r s ___________________ m arliinp ___ _____ garm en t 3 |fifej g|-t;l T-Tand h/tSLChipp ______ ____ ____________ __ __— -----_______ __ ___ ______ Garm ent re p a ir m e n ------------------------------------------------In s p e c to rs , fin a l (in sp ect o n ly ) ----------------- In sp ectors fin a l (and thread t r im m e r s ) in te rm e d ia te (in Rp^ctrtr o f pa rts) .... --------------------- -— essers, m rhinp ^ ......... p ent rnar.hinft . - __ ___ _ _____ Pl*ooGcViirffi ... _ ....._ igtitv/ea r* . - __ ___ CJpnrf sh irts _ _ ___________ _____ ____ ____ Shipping S p r e a d e r s ---------------------------------Stock c le r k s ( eiipp^y rlprWsJ _ Th read t r ’ rprn^ rR - ________________ "^jnderpr0® ®**tst hand _______ _ ................ U n d e rp r e s s e rs , m a ch in e ---------------------W o rk d istrib u to rs ---------------------------- ^iAarkerQ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , h a n d Pl> fin isk j a e p a ir m sow ing S ew in g -m a r hine nppratnrs 3 N on m etropolitan area s A verage Num ber hou rly of earnings w o rk ers 22 15 7 - $2.49 2.59 3.34 85 141 13 18 $2.28 2.37 3.03 2.96 19 4.49 35 149 99 3.23 2.66 2.54 36 20 243 15 46 14 2.33 2.37 2.48 2.82 2.24 3.00 48 3,442 731 3.28 2.37 2.56 2,469 6 64 11 2.29 2.85 2.73 2.66 - - - 32 2.15 22 16 921 3.76 4.32 2.56 _ 7 - _ _ 392 _ 11 . - 2.16 2.27 - 2.63 - - - 131 1 E xclu des prem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on weekends, h olida ys, and late sh ifts. 2 Includes data fo r re gio n s in addition to those shown sep ara tely. 3 Includes data fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s ific a tio n in addition to those shown sep ara te ly. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. Southwest Southeast B o rd er States M etropolitan areas A v e ra g e Num ber hourly of earnings w ork ers - - - 2.40 M etrop o lita n area s A verage Num ber h ou rly of earnings w o rk ers 140 156 53 64 15 61 295 153 134 31 39 224 35 87 36 206 132 64 4,086 2,242 1,347 25 79 34 10 13 243 $2.61 2.47 3.98 2.78 2.37 4.00 2.67 2.76 2.54 2.52 2.96 2.44 2.52 2.42 4.24 2.50 3.09 4.57 2.54 2.72 - 2.31 3.35 3.58 2.77 2.64 2.78 2.36 N on m etropolitan a rea s A verage Num ber h ourly of earnings w o rk ers 623 1,252 201 444 260 407 1,814 812 521 349 164 1,553 616 420 236 1,296 565 491 27,204 11,127 3,276 12,109 137 634 140 72 114 297 1,141 $2.42 2.35 2.94 2.35 2.43 3.26 2.52 2.52 2.46 2.32 2.53 2.31 2.33 2.19 3.03 2.31 2.79 3.73 2.40 2.41 2.37 2.40 2.79 2.68 2.52 2.33 2.29 2.55 2.33 Non m eti :o poiit an arieas A v e ra g e Num ber hourly of earnings w o rk e rs 40 98 11 23 8 27 74 56 $2.32 2.23 2.28 2.17 2.58 2.75 2.38 2.44 37 2.21 107 33 32 21 72 2.48 2.19 2.17 2.37 2.34 36 1,674 124 3.75 2.32 2.35 10 35 32 2.51 2.51 2.36 23 109 2.28 2.19 If ~ _ “ ' Table 14. Occupational averages: By size of establishment (N u m b er and a v e r a g e s tra ig h t-tim e hou rly e a rn in g s 1 of production w o rk e rs in s ele cted occupations in m e n 's and boys' sh irts (ex cep t w ork sh irts) and n igh tw ear m anu facturing establish m en ts, United States and sele cted re g io n s, June 1974) M idd le A tlan tic United States 2 B o rd e r States E stablish m ents with— Occupation 20-249 w ork ers Num ber of w orkers A s s e m b le r s ..................... B a g gers and b o xers C lic k e r-m a c h in e o p e ra to rs ... . .... C o lla r p o in te r s _____________________ I__________________ C o lla r top t r im m e r s ____________________________________ C u tters, m achine F o ld e r s , g a r m e n t3_____ __ _____ ____________________ Hand ___________________________________________________ M a c h in e ________ ___ _____ _________________________ ___ G arm en t r e p a ir m e n ____ _____ ________________________ In sp e cto rs, fined (in sp ect o n ly )________________________ In sp e cto rs, fin a l (th rea d tr im m e r s ) ........... ............ In sp e ctors, in te rm e d ia te (in s p e c to r of p arts) J anitors L o a d e rs , m ach in e. _ ._ ... .... . ......... . M a rk e rs P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand _ ...... ..... ........ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , m achine R ep a irm en , sew in g m achine S ew in g-m ach in e o p e r a t o r s 3 . D re ss s h ir t s _________________________________________ N igh tw ea r........ ... ............ ........ Sport sh irts .. . .... .... ___ __ Shipping cle rk s . ........... ......... S p rea d ers Stock c le rk s (su pplv c l e r k s ) ...... ........ ... ........ T h rea d t r im m e r s ___ _____________ ___ U n d e rp r e s s e rs , hand U n d e rp r e s s e rs , m achine W ork d is t r ib u t o r s ______________________________________ See footn otes at end o f table, 547 880 425 276 176 427 1, 177 649 326 284 153 1,306 381 334 294 150 1, 188 372 361 22,276 7, 007 2, 725 11, 044 197 524 134 210 130 187 955 A verage h ou rly earnings $2.34 2.39 2.93 2.33 2.54 3.58 2.50 2.54 2.37 2.41 2.46 2.31 2.38 2.27 2.54 3.29 2.56 2.68 3.97 2.48 2.52 2.48 2.42 3.30 2.66 2.68 2.57 2.41 2.47 2.35 250 w o rk e rs o r m o re Num ber of w o rk ers 649 1,309 266 404 235 405 1, 766 812 528 370 212 1,482 534 495 1, 140 265 1, 118 793 499 27,541 14,088 2,406 10, 278 136 600 203 160 78 336 1,261 A verage h ou rly earnings $2.60 2.46 3.40 2.59 2.38 3.57 2.70 2.76 2.68 2.43 2.72 2.49 2.44 2.35 2.54 3.31 2.50 2.94 3.78 2.51 2.55 2.44 2.45 2.88 3.01 2.61 2.48 2.71 2.71 2.44 20-249 w o rk ers Num ber of w o rk ers 66 225 17 29 36 109 183 119 40 37 143 46 57 41 25 2 50 45 61 3, 993 1, 691 1, 022 79 100 93 29 47 178 A verage h ou rly earnings $2.68 2.60 3.82 2.78 2.56 4.15 2.77 2.89 2.90 2.45 2.57 2.49 2.60 2.45 3.92 3.02 2.74 4.06 2.82 2.76 2.81 3.69 2.97 2.84 2.82 3.07 2.67 250 w o rk ers o r m o re Num ber of w o rk ers A verage hou rly earnings 51 108 51 11 46 163 91 26 20 133 36 68 92 33 117 82 56 2, 780 1, 160 891 17 81 22 11 47 104 $3.42 3.02 3.13 2.78 4.31 3.23 3.57 2.90 2.77 2.99 3.09 2.73 2.83 4.36 3.32 3.50 4.28 2.94 2.86 2.95 3.62 3.46 2.85 2.89 2.71 2.78 20—249 w o rk ers Num ber of w o rk ers 29 21 9 12 10 21 22 8 7 75 15 13 24 20 1,212 556 220 43 6 19 35 A verage h ou rly earnings $2.24 2.38 3.10 2.65 2.42 4.07 2.68 2.55 2.47 2.21 2.59 2.20 2.83 4.23 2.45 2.54 2.54 2.29 2.72 2.46 250 w ork ers o r m o re Num ber of w ork ers 78 135 11 15 33 153 88 35 35 200 40 19 17 107 14 44 3, 151 574 2,425 6 56 18 130 A v e ra g e hou rly earnings $2.3 5 2.40 3.16 2.96 3.42 2.61 2.50 2.95 2.35 2.53 2.24 2.86 3.22 2.57 3.71 3.22 2.39 2.78 2.28 2.85 2.71 2.77 2.45 Table 14. Occupational averages: By size of establishment— Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of production workers in selected occupations in m en 's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, United States and selected regions, June 1974) Southeast Southwest1 3 2 E stablish m ents with— O ccupation A s s e m b le r s _______________ ________________ ____________ B a g g ers and b o x e rs __ __________________________________ C lic k e r-m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ______________ _____________ C o lla r p o in t e r s _______________________ __________________ C o lla r top t r im m e r s _______________ _____ _____________ C u tters, m ach in e ________________________ _________ F o ld e r s , g a r m e n t ____ ____________ _ ____ ________ _ Hand ____________________________________ ____________ M a c h in e ________________________________________________ G a rm en t r e p a ir m e n ______________________________________ In sp e cto rs, fin a l (in sp ect o n ly )_________________________ In sp e cto rs, fin a l (th read t r i m m e r s ) ___________________ In sp e cto rs, in te rm e d ia te (in s p e c to rs o f p a rts )_______ J a n it o r s ___________________________________________________ L o a d e rs , m a c h in e ________________________________________ M a rk e rs ---------------- ------------------------------------ --------P r e s s e r s , fin ish , h a n d __________________________________ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , m ach in e R ep a irm en , sew in g m ach in e _ S ew in g-m a ch in e o p era to rs 3 ____________________________ D re s s s h i r t s _____________ ___________________________ N ig h tw e a r______________________________________________ Sport s h i r t s ___________________________________________ Shipping c le r k s ___________________________________________ S p re a d e rs _________________________________________________ Stock cle rk s (su pply c l e r k s ) ____________________________ Th rea d t r im m e r s ______________________ _____________ __ U n d e rp r e s s e rs , hand____________________________________ TTn derpressers, m achine ....... W ork d is t r ib u t o r s _______________ _________ _____________ 1 2 3 250 w o rk e rs o r m o re 20—249 w ork ers Num ber of w ork ers 336 510 82 213 102 207 884 454 260 140 65 891 265 198 158 103 734 209 229 13,575 3, 653 1,883 7, 670 83 336 63 17 78 98 596 A verage h ourly earnings $2.29 2.32 2.81 2.25 2.54 3.22 2.42 2.42 2.33 2.30 2.46 2.27 2.36 2.18 2.30 3.14 2.35 2 .6 8 3.93 2.37 2.42 2.43 2.34 3.00 2.59 2.58 2.46 2.19 2.33 2.25 E xclu des prem iu m pay fo r o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. Includes data fo r re g io n s in addition to those shown sep ara tely. Includes data fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s ific a tio n in addition to those shown sep a ra te ly. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. Num ber of w o rk ers 427 89 8 172 295 173 261 1,224 511 395 240 138 886 386 309 735 169 768 488 326 17,715 9,716 , 726 5, 786 79 377 1 111 65 49 224 788 A verage h ou rly earnings $2.58 2.39 3.32 2.52 2.36 3.47 2.64 2 .6 8 2.58 2.35 2 .6 8 2.38 2.33 2.26 2.55 3.21 2.32 2.92 3.75 2.45 2.48 2.29 2.45 2.75 2.95 2.56 2.35 2.57 2 .7 6 2.40 250 w o rk e rs o r m o re 20-249 w o rk ers Nu m ber of w o rk e rs A verage h ou rly earn in gs Num ber of w o rk e rs 33 33 - $2.15 2.25 - 21 2 .6 1 25 “ 49 26 40 17 2.18 “ 2.27 2.19 2.25 3.94 2.29 2.28 2.51 2.29 - 12 898 484 105 16 26 2 .2 1 100 15 21 26 100 56 17 76 30 22 22 31 1,474 1,294 32 32 27 118 A v e ra g e hourly earnings $2.33 2.35 2.69 2.14 3.03 2.48 2.44 2.54 2.54 2.18 2.14 2.47 3.58 2.37 2.38 2.85 2.36 2.34 2.30 Table 15. Occupational averages: By method of wage payment (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of production workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, United States and selected regions, June 1974) In cen tive w o rk ers O ccupation Num ber of w ork ers C o lla r top t r im m e r s ___________________ _____ ____ Hand ° __________ 844 1,421 18-8 89 25 540 $2.34 2.31 226 2 .2 6 72 116 In s p e c to rs , fin a l (in sp ect o n ly )---------------------In s p e c to rs , in te rm e d ia te (in s p e c to r of p a r t s ).. Sport sh irts ___ _ _____________ S p rea d ers _ _____________________________________ Th rea d tr im m e r s ____________________________ TTnHprprpssprs . hand TT]-|rlf»rpre»G ae>r s , m arhin e ..... ... A verage h ourly earnings 595 184 353 395 310 132 53 1,933 474 _ 1 ,2 0 6 741 133 38 44 Num ber of w orkers 352 768 203 591 386 292 2, 717 1,389 738 59 181 2,435 520 105 2,174 2 .8 6 2.14 2.23 3.47 2.44 2 .0 1 2.39 2.49 2.15 2.40 3.37 2.39 2.24 2.37 2.44 2.38 2.55 2.38 2.54 2.44 1 ,1 1 2 47,884 2 0 ,6 2 1 4,991 2 0 ,1 1 6 383 237 170 479 A verage h ou rly earnings $2.83 2.64 3.61 2.54 2.46 3.78 2.65 2 .6 8 2.65 2.77 2.73 2.44 2.42 3.11 2.54 2.89 2.50 2.54 2.48 2.44 3.42 2 .6 1 2.52 2.64 In cen tive w o rk e rs T im e w o r k e rs Num ber of w o rk e rs 80 2 62 24 7 8 113 76 51 49 49 11 41 26 612 250 352 123 46 - A verage hou rly earnings Num ber of w ork ers A s s e m b le r s __ _ B a g g e rs and b o x e r s _______________________________ 0.1 ir k e r -mac.hine o p e ra to rs _____ O o lla r p o in ters ______________ Onlla r top trim m e r s ____ flu tte rs , m arhin e E o ld e r s , g a r m e n t 3 _ . .... ....... T-Tand ____________ M ach ine ... __ _ .... . ___ _ Oarm ent re p a irm e n _ ______ _ ___ In sp e cto rs, fin a l (in sp ect o n ly )_________________ In sp p rtn rs, final (and thread trim m e r s ) In s p e c to rs , in te rm e d ia te (in s p e c to r o f p a r t s ).. M a r k e r s _________________ ___________________________ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , h a n d __________________________ p r e s s e r s , fin ish , m arhin e .............. S ew in g-m a ch in e o p era to rs 3 D re ss sh irts N ig h tw ea r _. S p o rt s h ir ts .. S p r e a d e r s __________________________ ______- ________ T h read tr im m e r s U n d e rp r e s s e rs , han d_____ _______________________ U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m a ch in e____ _____________________ 1 2 3 119 $2.28 2.19 2.69 61 2 .1 1 499 86 8 2 60 121 114 353 90 165 327 21 0 - . 589 _ 3.13 2 .0 1 _ 2 .0 1 2.31 2.43 2.06 2.37 3.27 - _ 2.25 _ _ 462 2.41 17 2.24 . _ _ _ Num ber of w orkers 2 64 540 135 447 269 208 1,988 959 541 27 113 A verage hou rly earnings $2.78 2.64 3.56 2.44 2.44 3.64 2.58 2.56 2.58 2 .6 1 324 62 1,428 2.76 2.35 2.32 2.92 2.35 681 2 .8 6 30,701 13,333 3,469 13,123 251 64 2.42 2.46 2.38 2.39 3.46 2.43 2.39 2.65 1 ,6 1 2 111 305 E xclu des prem iu m pay fo r o ve rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid a y s, and late shifts. Includes data fo r re gio n s in addition to those shown sep ara tely. Includes data fo r w o r k e r s in cla ssifica tio n in addition to those shown sep ara te ly. NOTE: Dashes in dicate no data rep orted o r data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . 37 71 I 73 39 42 270 172 82 - 2 .6 1 2.83 2.59 2.47 2.39 4.10 2.76 2.62 2.69 2.57 3.02 2.51 - 8 227 71 341 97 5,161 2 ,6 0 1 1,561 58 72 26 78 A verage h ou rly earnings $3.42 3.16 3.06 2 .6 2 4.16 3.09 3.32 2.79 2.42 2.84 2-81 3.14 3.52 2.89 2.81 2.94 3.55 3.17 2.81 2.93 Num ber of w o rk e rs 102 73 17 43 42 7 30 15 14 - A verage h ou rly earnings Num ber of w o rk ers 38 110 12 34 40 43 14 - 89 69 - 29 10 A verage hou rly earnings $2.33 2.32 2.78 2-82 2 .2 2 2.15 2.70 - 2.30 2.30 2.48 2.48 Num ber of w ork ers 23 41 $2.26 2.42 3.04 3.44 2.38 2.58 11 173 103 35 " 245 ■ 127 30 4,110 1,130 - 2 .1 2 2.82 3.30 - 61 2 ,6 0 8 14 - 2 .6 2 - - 8 - A verage hourly earnings ■ $2.94 2.34 4.61 2.63 2.53 2.95 2.48 ■ 2.64 3.81 2.42 2 .6 6 2.30 3.15 2.75 - P a c ific In cen tive w o rk ers T im e w o rk e rs In cen tive w ork ers T im e w o r k e rs Southwest In cen tive w o rk ers A verage hou rly earnings Num ber of w o rk e rs $2.81 2.63 3.72 2.42 2.54 4.21 Southeast T im ew o rk ers B o rd er States M idd le A tlan tic United States 2 Num ber of w o rk e rs 8 23 11 103 56 13 82 44 72 73 2,283 1,709 19 53 52 A verage hou rly earnings . $2.48 2.18 2.69 2.47 2.44 2.23 2.59 2.17 2.34 2.47 2.34 2.36 2.94 2.30 2 .1 2 T im e w o r k e rs Num ber of w o rk e rs 43 34 56 24 24 6 16 20 47 - In cen tive w ork ers A verage hou rly earnings Num ber of w ork ers $2.43 2.36 3.98 2.40 2.40 3.70 3.11 2.71 2.27 - 14 $2.75 8 2 .1 1 - 2.59 2.80 3.20 2.60 - 11 53 26 - 42 ■ 43 1,406 1,406 29 17 A v e ra g e hourly earnings ~ 2.97 2.64 2.64 2.51 2.81 Table 16. Occupational earnings: Alabama (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and sex A l l production w o rk e rs M en _ .................................. W om en ........ Number of workers Average $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2 .9 0 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 hourly earnings 1 and and under $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 o ver z4314 301 123 • 14 4191 287 685 53 632 294 7 7 4 3 3 14 14 14 - - 4 _ 3 _ - _ _ 3.36 3.56 2.82 4.10 12 2 2 2 2 .8 8 10 20 20 10,341 904 9,437 $2.39 2.89 2.34 117 48 52 32 23 18 2.40 2.33 2.23 2.43 3.86 4.23 4.78 9 ?. 90 111 11 283 296 26 270 310 47 263 625 69 556 479 71 408 411 35 376 356 58 298 565 90 475 228 30 198 327: 43 284 235 28 207 8 115 13 102 77 45 32 24 14 150 95 13 82 46 25 272 21 10 4 17 6 6 7 7 3 4 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 22 22 20 2 2 2 2 1 1 - 19 3 7 5 5 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 3 - 1 - - - _ - _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 2 - _ - 5 - 1 - - 6 - _ 1 _ _ _ 293 21 158 21 24 16 9 3 10 8 2 40 30 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ .. _ _ _ 4 _ 3 3 2 3 2 1 6 1 3 3 1 1 7 7 12 10 S elected occupations Cutting ro o m : A s s e m b le r s .................................... W om en . .. .................. T im e _ _________ _ _ ........ In c e n t iv e _____________________ C lic k e r-m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ____________ In c e n t iv e ______________________ C u tters, m ach in e. M en .................. . In cen tive W om en (a ll in cen tiv e w orkers) ...... ... . _. .. M a rk e rs _ _ Men 4 a/ W om en . . . T i m e ___________________________ S p re a d e rs ________________________________ M en ______________________________ T im e In cen tive Sewing dep artm en t: C o lla r p o in ters (a ll w o m e n )___________ Tnr pnfivft C o lla r top tr im m e r s (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) S ew in g-m ach in e o p era to rs (a ll wom en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) 7----------------------------------- _ D re ss sh irts _ N igh tw ea r _. . Sport sh irts U n d e rp re s s e rs , m achine (40 w om en, 3 m e n )____________________ In cen tive-----------------------------F in ish in g dep artm en t: B a g g e rs and b o x e r s ____________________ W om en ____________________________ T im e ------------------------------F o ld e r s , garm en t (a ll wom en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) 7 ____________ M a c h in e _________________________ Hand and m a c h in e _________________ G arm ent re p a irm e n (a ll w o m e n )------T i m e _________________________ June e n u v e In sp e cto rs, fin a l (in sp ect only) (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tiv e w o r k e r s ) _____________________________ See footnotes at end o f table. 100 78 33 45 33 64 21 21 3 18 - 2 - 2 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ 2 - - 2 - - - 2 - - 2 8 8 8 - 3 3 _ _ 1 1 2 2 2 2 _ - 5 5 5 2 _ _ 2 _ 2 9 6 2 6 4 _ - 6 4 4 10 10 10 2 22 22 20 2 28 28 28 3 - 6 - - 11 2 5 3 _ 16 16 16 _ - 12 9 3 3 _ _ _ _ 5 5 3 6 _ _ 3 6 9 7 3 3 _ _ 7 4 _ 36 6 3 3 _ _ 2 _ 3 7 3 _ 4 3 1 57 3 - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ 3 2 2 2 10 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ 3 3 _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ 3 3 _ _ _ 2 3 2 1 _ 3 68 - - - - - - 85 35 2.79 3.81 2.32 2.61 2.65 2.79 2.32 3.94 6 - - _ _ 2 _ _ _ 114 105 2.24 2.27 69 60 4 4 - 4 4 2 2 5 5 2 2 6 6 3 3 - 4 4 3 3 2 2 6 6 - 4 4 50 2.23 27 3 6 - 4 - 2 1 - - 2 - 2 1 - - - 2 - - 5, 270 2,052 1,674 1,229 2.35 2.47 2.27 2.29 2278 726 762 616 143 44 79 18 364 103 76 124 170 49 79 36 161 51 75 26 150 58 44 44 277 113 108 44 230 106 95 25 195 128 35 30 185 79 61 35 210 120 135 72 12 2 2 1 1 42 17 47 3 16 56 17 19 16 15 21 94 61 7 25 66 48 42 192 116 48 28 122 61 90 45 3 - - - 3 3 - _ - _ - _ - - 43 37 2.48 2.54 18 18 - 9 3 - 1 1 - - 1 1 4 4 - 1 1 - - 1 1 2 2 3 3 - - - 2 2 - - - 1 1 - - 335 310 179 2 .2 1 2 .2 2 135 135 49 5 5 3 80 62 58 7 7 20 10 10 3 - 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 - 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - 49 49 47 4 4 2 325 103 168 67 58 9 2.51 2.80 2.45 2.32 2.28 2.58 5 11 11 15 22 10 6 9 7 9 7 6 10 6 16 29 19 9 3 - - - 1 1 - - - 2 2 4 10 6 7 3 4 9 4 2 - - - - - - - - 6 6 5 14 3.00 1 4 2 20 44 17 151 120 2.16 44 19 13 134 92 - 2 - 1 4 9 9 - 21 21 - 3 3 3 3 16 16 6 2 9 9 2 2 2 22 1 10 11 3 4 5 8 4 6 4 - - 16 14 - 4 - 7 7 3 4 3 3 3 5 2 2 - _ 83 21 2 7 3 8 8 2 4 2 _ _ 8 8 8 8 8 3 2 1 8 3 1 2 Table 16. Occupational earnings: Alabama—Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and sex Number of workers Average hourly earnings 1 $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 and and under $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2 .9 0 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 o ver S elected occupations——Continued Fin ish in g departm en t— Continued In s p e c to rs , fin a l (and thread t r im m e r s ) (a ll w o m e n )-----------------In c e n t iv e _____________________ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tiv e w o r k e r s )____________ _ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , m achine ' (a ll w om en ) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) ______________________________ M isc ella n eo u s: Janitors (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) ________________ M e n ___________________________________________ W om en __________________________________ _ R ep airm en , sew ing m achines (a ll m e n ) ______________________________ T i m e --------------------------------Shipping c le r k s (a ll m en) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )_____________________ Stock c le r k s (su pply c le r k s ) (a ll m en) (a il t im e w o r k e r s )_________ W ork d istrib u to rs (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )____________________ M e n ____________________________ _ W om en ___________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 18 18 23 23 17 17 12 9 9 7 7 4 4 3 3 - - 2 2 - - - - - - - 2 2 - - 2 2 - 3 2 - 12 6 3 - 8 2 - - 2 - - - - 2 2 2 - - - - 7 3 2 4 4 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 325 292 $2.19 2.19 153 153 33 9 21 21 9 9 10 10 281 2.14 200 6 21 13 61 3.09 - - 6 3 1 3 4 2 2 1 4 1 3 3 6 113 50 63 2.29 2.25 2.32 35 24 3 1 2 3 - 1 1 - - - - 1 1 - 12 2 9 2 2 1 - 3 3 5 21 12 2 - 16 4 8 - - 11 19 5 14 1 - 1 1 114 108 3.43 3.40 2 2 - - - 2 2 2 2 - 7 7 10 10 2 2 - - 9 9 19 19 3 3 7 7 2 2 7 5 23 13 21 11 - - 6 6 - - - 32 2.54 11 - - - - 3 2 2 - 5 - - 3 - 3 - 3 - - - - - - - - - 46 2.42 3 - - 3 4 3 5 13 3 9 - - 1 1 1 234 74 160 2.39 2.33 2.42 16 - 18 24 2 57 - 8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20 2 49 57 19 38 2 6 - 18 30 7 23 4 12 6 24 4 16 - 2 2 2 Exclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, h olida ys, and late sh ifts. A p p ro x im a tely 82 percen t o f the production w o rk e rs c o vered by the su rvey w e re paid on an in cen tive basis, Includes 39 w o rk e rs at $ 1,90 to $ 2. W o r k e rs w e re distribu ted as fo llow s: 2 at $ 5.40 to $ 5.60; 3 at $ 5.60 to $ 5.80; and 1 at $ 5.80 to $ 6 . In su ffic ien t data to w a rra n t publication o f separate a verages by m ethod o f w age paym ent; (a) predom in an tly tim e w o rk e rs , o r (b) predom in an tly in cen tive w o rk e rs . W o r k e rs w e re distribu ted as fo llow s: 2 at $ 5.80 to $ 6 ; 3 at $ 6 to $ 6.20; and 2 at $ 6.20 to $ 6,40. W o r k e rs w e re d istribu ted as fo llow s: 1 at $ 5.40 to $ 5.60; 4 at $ 5.80 to $ 6 ; and 3 at $ 6 and o v e r. Includes data fo r w o r k e r s in cla ssifica tio n in addition to those shown sep ara tely. Table 17. Occupational earnings: Arkansas (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OP— Occupation and sex A ll produ ction w o r k e r s -------------------------M e n ------------------------------------------------W o m e n -------------------------------------------- Number <>f 5 worker* A Average $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 hourly and earning* 1 and under $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2 .9 0 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 I o ver 3, 333 446 2, 887 $2.36 2.54 2.33 1119 75 1044 40 35 14 2.32 2.30 2.39 2.45 2.77 2.81 5 5 4 116 15 101 147 28 119 144 14 130 5 5 - 2 1 2 2 - 1 2 1 1 . _ - 178 32 146 175 3 8 167 190 28 , 162 164 17 147 S114 31 83 78 17 61 5 5 3 3 _ - 9 9 . . - 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 !200 , 42 158 149 28 121 103 28 75 57 4 53 30 3 27 19 4 15 19 17 23 7 16 4 4 - - 1 1 - 1 1 1 - - - 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - 70 9 61 61 5 56 79 19 60 56 2 1 1 1 3 3 5 5 4 - - - - 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 62 6 2 6 2 17 2 2 11 - 2 - - - - - - - - 4 11 6 9 S e lected occupations Cutting ro o m : A s s e m b le r s -------------------------------------W o m en 2 a /------------------------------C lic k e r-m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s -------------W om en 2 a /------------------------------C u tters, m a c h in e ----------------------------M en ----------------------------------------T i m e ---------------------------------M a r k e r s ------------------------------------------M en 2 a/.................................. .......... S p re a d e rs ________________________________ M en 2 b/-----------------------------------W om en 2 a/------------------------------Sewing departm en t: C o lla r p o in ters ( 1 man, 22 w o m e n ).. In c e n tiv e ----------------------------C o lla r top tr im m e r s (a ll wom en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s )------------------In sp e cto rs, in te rm e d ia te (in s p e c to r o f p a rts) (a ll W om en)---------------------In c e n tiv e ----------------------------Sew ing-m achine o p e ra to rs (8 m en, 1 , 882 w om en ) 3 ------------------------------In c e n tiv e ----------------------------D re ss sh irts (8 men, 1, 308 w o m e n )-------------------------------------In c e n tiv e ----------------------------U n d e rp r e s s e rs , m achine (2 m en, 30 w o m e n )-------------------------------------In c e n tiv e ----------------------------Fin ish in g departm ent: B a g gers and b o x e r s -------------------------M en (a ll tim e w o rk e rs )-------------W o m e n -----------------------------------T i m e ---------------------------------F o ld e r s , garm en t (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) 3 -----------------------Hand-------------------------------------------G arm ent re p a irm e n (a ll w o m e n )------T i m e ---------------------------------In s p e c to rs , fin a l (in sp ect only) (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s )------In sp e cto rs, fin a l (and thread t r im m e r s ) (a ll w o m e n )------------------In c e n tiv e ----------------------------P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand {a l l wom en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) ....... ................ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , m a ch in e---------------Men (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s )----W om en (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) - See footnotes at end of table. 11 33 24 20 21 8 38 27 11 23 17 2 .6 8 2.37 2.76 2.56 2.55 2.60 2 _ . 7 _ _ . . _ . 1 _ 1 1 1 2 _ 1 1 11 10 1 _ _ _ - 2 .2 0 11 8 - 2 2 2 2. 17 . 2 1 1 _ _ 5 _ _ - 5 1 1 - 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 3 _ 3 - 1 2 1 . - _ 3 _ 3 _ _ - 1 1 1 1 - - - - 1 . 5 4 1 1 1 _ 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 - - - - 1 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 11 2.69 - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 1 1 1 - - 4 - 1 - - - - - - - - - 51 44 2. 17 2. 17 19 18 1 1 9 7 3 4 2 1 5 5 1 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 - 1 1 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1, 890 1, 851 2.34 2.34 799 783 58 54 82 78 72 72 49 49 73 69 65 61 78 78 50 50 44 44 96 96 89 85 40 40 44 43 39 38 54 53 46 46 42 42 21 21 13 13 16 16 12 12 4 4 4 4 - - 1, 316 1,277 2.35 2.36 555 539 39 35 61 57 50 50 27 27 47 43 36 32 50 50 31 31 31 31 64 64 70 66 29 29 28 27 32 31 45 44 37 37 33 33 13 13 11 11 11 11 8 8 4 4 4 4 - - 32 28 2.23 14 14 - - - 1 1 3 3 4 3 3 1 1 - 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 101 20 2.23 2.19 2.24 2.25 25 5 5 7 _ 7 7 2 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 - - - 3 3 5 5 5 22 20 8 5 5 _ 6 2 3 1 1 _ 1 . - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 5 3 - 2 2 1 1 2 2 - - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - 2 2 - - 9 2 2 2 2 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - 81 58 2 .2 1 77 56 43 34 2.37 2.44 2 .2 2 2 .2 0 23 14 5 4 13 2.23 3 119 82 2.45 2.59 72 71 9 62 2.34 2.44 2.37 2.45 _ 5 6 4 2 1 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 - 3 1 19 13 8 6 9 17 3 3 . 3 7 4 _ 4 20 3 17 6 _ 6 6 2 2 12 3 19 16 1 14 1 13 10 3 3 5 4 4 - 5 - 8 1 1 1 1 _ - - - - - - - - - - - 4 4 4 4 - 1 1 2 2 - 1 1 - - ' * - “ - - - - - 2 2 7 7 4 4 2 2 1 1 7 4 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 11 1 1 2 - - - - 3 3 3 1 - 3 13 - 4 1 1 1 3 “ . 3 4 1 2 9 5 _ 5 4 . _ 5 1 . - 1 2 2 _ 1 - 5 5 8 2 - - - 7 7 2 1 - 6 5 5 6 6 - - 4 4 - 1 1 2 1 1 21 2 1 5 - - 1 1 - ' 1 1 Table 17. Occupational earnings: Arkansas—Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and sex Number of workers Average $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .0 5 hourly and earnings 1 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .1 5 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .2 5 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .3 5 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 5 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 2 .0 5 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .1 5 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .2 5 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .3 5 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .4 5 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .1 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 over _ 1 3 _ 1 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ and under S elected occupations— Continued M i scellan eou s: J anitor s------------------------------------------M en (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )-----------W om en (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )_____ R ep airm en , sew ing m ach in es (a ll men) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )----------------Shipping c le rk s (4 men, 6 w om en) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )-------------------------Stock c le r k s -----------------------------------M en (a ll tim e w o r k e r s )_________ W ork d is t r ib u to r s --------------------------M en (a ll tim e w o r k e r s )-----------W om en 2 a / ----------------------------- 1 2 3 4 38 $ 2 . 19 15 29 9 2 . 18 13 2 .2 4 2 42 3 .7 7 _ 10 2 .5 1 _ _ - 6 5 1 - . 1 ’ _ . 3 7 2 4 3 1 1 1 _ 1 8 2 3 2 1 3 13 _ 8 3 3 3 8 9 1 . 10 8 55 2 .2 4 11 1 10 57 2 . 16 25 _ 1 1 2 4 11 4 1 1 2 17 1 1 3 4 36 4 3 5 2 2 .2 0 1 2 6 2 112 1 3 2 6 6 2 2 2 8 2 2 3 2 . 4 I 3 2 .3 6 2 . 33 4 3 3 32 27 . _ _ _ _ 2 1 2 6 1 9 1 3 Exclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid a ys, and late sh ifts. A p p ro x im a tely 76 percen t o f the production w o rk e rs c o vered by the su rv ey w e re paid on an in cen tive In su fficien t data to w a rra n t publication o f separate a verages by method o f w age paym ent; (a) predom in an tly t im e w o rk e rs , o r (b) predom in an tly in cen tive w o rk e rs . Includes data fo r w o r k e r s in c la ssifica tio n in addition to those shown sep ara te ly. W o r k e rs w e r e distribu ted as fo llow s: 1 at $ 4.60 to $ 4.80; 1 at $ 5 to $ 5.20; 1 at $ 5.20 to $ 5.40; 2 at $ 5.40 to $ 5.60; 1 at $ 5.60 to $ 5.80; and 2 at $ 5.80 and o v e r. 48 basis. Table 18. Occupational earnings: Georgia (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and sex A ll production w o r k e r s -------------------------M en________________________________________ W om en____________________________________ Number of worker* Average hourly earning* 1 $ 2 .0 0 $2.05 $ 2 .1 0 $2.15 $ 2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.50 $ 2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 and and under $2.05 $ 2 .1 0 $2.15 $ 2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.50 $ 2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $ 2 .9 0 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 o ver 10,683 1,093 9,590 2.65 3.03 2.61 2047 87 138 31 14 107 63 44 59 44 2.67 2.99 2.32 2.58 2.19 3.13 3.48 3.62 2.85 3.84 3.07 33 4 4 29 27 19 6 0 312 52 260 312 5 195 291 486 65 421 3 4 _ 1 1 9 3 3 _ 3 3 2 1 2 1 6 6 - - - - 200 21 373 22 351 363 24 339 350 10 340 716 413 747 718 33 685 659 47 612 5 3 2 _ - _1 - - 1 2 2 _ 121 21 121 595 392 626 477 , 401 32 28 445 373 31 230 558 55 503 261 415 51 364 212 30 182 227 47 180 4 3 5 158 85 73 61 30 25 26 20 86 41 8 22 19 50 45 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ 112 6 S elected occupations Cutting room : A s s e m b le r s ______________________________ T i m e ___________________________ T i m e ___________________________ In c e n tiv e _______________________ C lic k e r-m a c h in e o p e ra to rs ----------------------Kfon T i m e ___________________________ In c e n tiv e _______________________ W om en_____________________________ C u tters, m achine (a ll m en )_____________ T im p M a rk e rs ____ - _____________________________ M en _____________________________________________ T i m e --------- ------------------------------------W om en 4 ------------------------------------------------S p rea d ers (a ll m en ) _____________________________ T i m e ______________ __________ In c e n tiv e ---------------------------Sewing departm ent: C o lla r p o in ters (a ll w om en ) -------------In c e n tiv e _______________________ C o lla r top trim m e r s (a ll w om en ) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s )________________ In sp e cto rs, in te rm e d ia te (in sp ecto rs of p a rts ) (a ll w om en )_____________________________ In c e n tiv e ________________________________ L o a d e rs , m achine (a ll w om en ) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) ----------------------------Sew ing-m ach ine o p era to rs (a ll w om en ) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) ------------------------------ ------------------------D re ss s h ir t s ---------------------------------------------Sport s h ir t s ----------------------------------------------U n d e rp r e s s e rs , m achine (a ll w om en ).. In c e n tiv e -----------------------------Fin ish in g departm ent: B a g g ers and b o x e rs (140 w om en, 4 m e n ) ____________________ ______ T i m e ----------------------------------In c e n tiv e -----------------------------F o ld e r s , garm en t (a ll w om en )_________ In cen tive ----------- ----------------------------Hand (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) ------------M a c h in e _______________________________ In c e n tiv e _______________________ Hand and m achine (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s )---------------------- 10 34 15 2 14 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 14 1 7 1 23 _ - - - - 1 - 1 - - _ - 2 3 4 3 3 - 1 _ 3 3 23 5 1 1 1 7 3 1 2 1 - 1 1 1 2 2 - - - 2 2 2 2 _ _ . _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 _ _ 11 4 _ _ _ _ 2 1 _ 2 2 _ _ 2 2 - 2 2 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 2 _ _ - - - - - - 2 2 1 1 - 2 11 - 9 - 1 6 _2 _ - 2 - - - 2 _ _ _ _ - _ _ - 2 - - - - _ _ 2 2 26 2 - 1 4 4 1 6 6 _ - - _ 3 1 4 6 - 8 1 - - - 2 - 4 4 5 3 - - - 4 - - - - - - _ 1 4 _ 39 _ _ _ _ _ 1 4 - - _ - 15 _ 11 - 2 1 1 3 _ 6 6 1 2 7 _ 6 1 4 3 3 66 3.62 3.02 4.25 3.64 3.71 3.59 3.39 3.30 2.55 3.90 135 117 2.63 2.72 29 11 4 4 1 1 4 4 7 7 3 3 2 2 9 9 13 13 13 13 6 6 2 2 5 5 8 8 11 11 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 4 2 2 1 1 - 1 1 69 2.49 12 6 1 - 6 2 7 4 2 7 4 3 4 3 1 - 3 - 4 - - - - - - - 141 81 2.40 2.40 35 35 - 3 10 6 2 2 - 38 3 7 7 1 1 - - 2 2 - 2 3 3 - _ 5 5 - _ 11 11 - - 5 4 - 1 2 2 14 - - - - - - - - - 419 2.65 57 24 16 22 20 14 11 13 22 48 20 17 22 13 16 12 20 19 9 10 5 2 2 1 2 2 5,568 2,962 2.65 2.65 2.65 964 423 541 101 137 99 38 177 231 227 390 242 148 304 147 157 241 135 106 12 12 12 - - 4 - 10 10 10 10 2 2 1 1 12 1 1 - 1 1 28 32 3 3 22 10 10 114 56 58 4 4 38 18 5 116 62 54 7 7 304 183 5 5 280 141 139 4 4 254 127 127 11 8 366 215 151 5 271 135 136 2 .8 6 408 219 189 7 7 26 106 121 234 197 37 7 7 60 121 110 180 95 85 121 102 53 27 26 50 39 29 11 120 54 2 ,6 0 6 117 108 2.91 _ _ _ _ _ - - 2 - - 4 - - - - 4 4 - - 10 10 - 2 - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 144 61 83 482 425 238 166 109 2.74 2.27 3.08 2.65 2.73 2.40 17 3 118 61 13 90 33 78 2.81 15 2 .8 6 2 .2 6 - _ 20 49 52 4 4 75 2 2 - - - - 2 2 2 2 - - - 1 10 10 14 14 27 27 3 7 7 10 22 4 4 25 25 15 4 4 5 5 ~ “ “ 1 8 7 7 2 2 - 15 18 - 12 - - - 14 14 4 7 7 10 10 6 12 6 6 6 10 10 10 10 6 1 1 3 30 30 ~ 3 3 8 4 4 1 21 21 2 - 3 3 2 - 2 3 - - 20 3 3 - - - - 5 3 12 20 - - 2 - 2 3 9 - 2 2 - 121 8 8 _ 9 - 28 24 14 4 1 - 2 5 3 - - - - - - - - - 1 - 2 5 3 - 3 13 - 28 93 5 5 20 - 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - 3 - - - 5 13 - - - 5 8 10 3 24 4 - 6 1 2 1 - - - 5 16 8 10 22 22 3 24 33 33 16 4 4 4 19 19 - 6 10 10 1 2 8 8 1 - - - 5 5 5 - 3 3 3 3 3 - - 13 7 16 16 1 1 6 6 - “ 6 2 10 - 4 3 3 3 3 - _ 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 25 25 17 5 5 3 2 23 23 13 4 4 12 8 8 8 2 2 2 27 27 14 4 4 9 ‘ See footnotes at end of table, - - _ 1 _ - - - _ _ - - _ 3 _ - _ _ - 1 1 2 2 _ _ - _ 23 _ - 2 2 1 4 4 4 - 1 1 8 2 2 6 6 _ 16 11 11 6 1 1 5 5 5 8 6 6 6 4 4 - 7 1 1 2 7 7 7 - 5 3 3 - - Table 18. Occupational earnings: Georgia—Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and sex Number of workera Average $ 2 .0 0 $2.05 $ 2 .1 0 $2.15 $ 2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 hourly earning* 1 and and under $2.05 $ 2 .1 0 $2.15 $ 2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 o ver S elected occupations— Continued Fin ish in g dep artm en t— Continued Garm ent re p a irm e n (a ll w o m e n )----- — T i m e __________________________ In sp e cto rs, fin a l (in spect only) (a ll w om en )_______________ _____________ nri m o In c e n tiv e __________________ ____ In sp e cto rs, fin a l (and th rea d t r im m e r s ) (a ll w om en )___________ ____ In c e n tiv e ---------------------------P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand (a ll w om en )-----------------------------------In c e n tiv e __ ____________________ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , machine (a ll w om en ) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s )______________ ________________ M isc ella n eo u s: J a n ito r s ------------------------------------------ivien (a il u m e w o rK e rs ) W om en 4 __________________________ R ep a irm en , sew ing m achines (a ll m e n )_______________________________ T i m e __________________________ Shipping c le r k s (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )____ M en________________________________ W Stock c le r k s (supply c le r k s ) (10 m en, 4 w om en ) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) __________________________ W ork d istrib u to rs (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )__________________________ M en____-________-__ -_____ _____ M __ W n r r ip n 1 2 3 4 5 6 79 $2.49 2.43 9 9 - - - 6 6 81 37 44 2.73 2.49 2.94 1 1 - 1 3 3 259 207 2.40 2.50 176 119 86 5 5 7 7 - 24 24 2 2 17 17 2 2 9 7 1 1 - 2 - 1 - - - - - 7 15 - 6 12 - - 8 - 15 15 2 1 2 9 - - 2 6 1 3 - 2 - _ 2 6 1 3 _ 2 _ 1 - - 1 _ 2 _ 1 3 3 1 3 - 8 _ 89 41 5 5 5 5 8 8 10 10 16 12 19 19 4 4 17 17 17 17 2.40 2.59 96 39 - 8 8 - 13 13 - - - 2 2 211 2.72 15 2 3 11 9 12 9 11 93 67 26 2.33 2.31 2.38 15 14 1 6 4 5 5 8 3 4 19 13 3 5 3 l 1 1 2 1 6 2 2 - 2 2 2 2 - 4 4 - - - 8 3.95 3.91 2.73 2.61 3.11 - 14 2.43 - - - 3 1 2 - 2 2 1 - - 2 - 1 - - - - - - - - 218 65 153 2.56 2.60 2.54 15 - 10 - 12 4 6 5 51 6 4 - - - - - - - - 3 9 9 - 12 1 1 - 2 - - 3 3 83 15 - 2 2 - - 5 7 16 5 39 11 2 135 125 32 24 2 13 5 5 - 1 2 7 _ 8 8 8 8 16 16 3 3 8 8 8 8 7 7 3 3 8 8 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - - 2 2 10 10 5 5 6 6 4 4 6 6 - 7 7 11 11 - 2 2 1 1 1 1 _ 2 2 _ - 15 10 21 14 5 9 14 8 18 8 12 4 1 - _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 26 15 - 3 - _ - - _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 4 4 - 2 2 1 1 6 616 14 3 3 5 5 12 10 2 3 11 _ 3 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 - - 11 11 2 2 11 11 12 8 38 • 38 13 9 7 7 5 5 _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - 6 68 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o ve rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olida ys, and late sh ifts. A p p ro x im a te ly 80 percen t o f the production w o rk e rs c o v e re d by the su rvey w e re paid on an incen tive basis. W o r k e rs w e re d istrib u ted as fo llo w s: 1 at $ 5 to $ 5.20; 4 at $ 5.20 to $ 5.40; and 1 at $5.40 to $ 5.60. W o r k e rs w e r e distrib u ted as fo llow s: 5 at $ 5 to $ 5.20; 2 at $ 5.20 to $ 5.40; 1 at $ 5.40 to $ 5.60; and 1at $ 6.80 to $ 7. In su ffic ien t data to w a rra n t publication o f separate averages by m ethod o f w age paym ent; predom in an tly tim e w o rk e rs . W o r k e rs w e re distrib u ted as fo llo w s: 4 at $ 5 to $ 5.20; 4 at $ 5.20 to $ 5.40; 1 at $ 5.40 to $ 5.60; 2 at $ 5.60 to $ 5.80; 1 at $ 5.80 to $ 6 ; and 1 at $ 7 to $ 7.20. W o r k e rs w e r e distribu ted as fo llow s: 6 at $ 5 to $ 5.20; 6 at $ 5.20 to $ 5.40; 2 at $ 5.60 to $ 5.80; and 2 at $ 5.80 to $ 6 . Table 19. Occupational earnings: Mississippi (N u m ber and a vera g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs of workers in selected occupations in.men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and sex A l l produ ction w o r k e r s . M en. W omen .............. _ Number of workers Average $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.50 $2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 hourly earnings1 and and under $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3,20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 o v e r 6,559 624 5, 935 $2.43 2.69 2.40 1642 81 1561 253 30 223 287 23 264 87 4 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 3 104 95 49 46 2.38 2.34 2.38 2.24 2.55 2.89 3.07 3.46 3.20 3.28 2.90 3.82 2.92 2.81 2.84 2.77 3.00 2.75 2.79 2.27 3.34 40 2.18 20 248 404 27 377 280 19 261 273 160 8 181 13 105 11 8 262 130 168 97 41 119 16 7 2 - 6 - 3 - - - - 1 1 6 2 1 1 _ _ .. _ 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 6 _ _ _ _ 526 74 452 237 347 26 321 330 26 304 466 72 394 - 9 9 9 5 5 5 8 6 18 3 5 5 2 16 16 _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 3 15 15 - _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 20 _ _ _ _ - 15 2.39 7 81 70 2.25 2.23 4 4 3,986 3, 962 2.39 2.39 856 2, 424 2,400 11 138 97 19 78 45 437 41 396 17 185 202 20 25 55 9 46 20 20 12 5 15 9 11 3 9 - - - - - - - . _ _ _ 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 4 4 4 3 3 3 - _ _ _ _ _ - 8 8 12 12 11 11 " - “ S elected occupations Cutting ro o m : A s s e m b le r s M en 2 W om en T im e 10 T i m e -------------------------------In ^ n t* ve ............ W om en 3 a / --------------------------- — M a rk e rs ___ __________________________ Mpn 3 a / _ _ Wnmpn ............ Tim p ^prpaHprs , ... . ............. . .... A/fen . _ . Tim ft _ ......... .. In c e n t iv e ----------------------------Sewing dep artm en t: rir»]|ar p o in ters (a ll wom en ) 3 V>/ C o lla r top tr im m e r s (a ll w om en ) (a ll in rp n fivp w nrlrprs) In sp e cto rs, in te rm e d ia te (in s p e c to rs o f p a rts) (a ll w om en) ------------------------------- T i m e ----------------------------S ew ing-m ach ine o p e ra to rs (a ll w om en) 4 -------------------------------In cen tive ............ D re s s sh irts (a ll in cen tiv e w o r k e r s ) ------------------------------Sport sh irts _ _ T nrpn tivp _ - ._. U n d e rp r e s s e rs , m achine (16 w om en , 2 m en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) --------------------------------------Fin ish in g dep artm en t: Raggprs and b o x e r s ____ ___ W om en ----------------------------------------------------T i m e -----------------------------------------------Tnppntivp _____ F o ld e r s , garm en t (a ll w om en ) 3 b / -------Hand (a ll i n c e n t i v e w n r k p r s ) ........ M achine (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) ___ Hand and m a c h i n e 3 h/ G arm ent re p a irm e n (a ll w om en) 3 a/— See footnotes at end of table, 77 43 34 30 23 14 54 41 24 17 13 35 17 18 _ _ 4 - _ - _ _ _ _ _ - - 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ 4 3 3 _ 11 _ _ _ _ 8 2 3 3 3 _ 15 15 15 _ 3 3 3 6 8 2 2 2 5 9 9 4 5 4 5 5 4 3 2 _ _ 5 _ _ - _ _ - _ - _ - 48 48 4 4 5 - 15 10 1201 1201 180 180 178 178 123 123 192 176 151 151 201 200 185 184 2.44 2.37 2.37 319 667 667 24 137 137 46 106 106 12 96 96 4 152 136 125 125 31 132 131 18 2.49 4 _ _ 1 _ 198 2.39 2.40 2.29 2.58 30 26 24 _ 22 22 - 16 3 3 3 11 11 8 6 _ 2 .6 0 45 17 25 3 4 4 6 8 2 3 9 18 9 2 5 _ 1 _ 1 - 3 5 9 2 4 3 2 7 11 190 119 71 194 71 72 51 51 2.69 2.52 2.61 2.26 14 6 2 _ 6 _ 6 _ 8 4 1 35 35 27 2 22 _ - - 5 _ _ 11 8 4 3 3 3 3 6 _ _ _ 9 6 6 3 7 6 1 6 6 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 3 - _ - - 2 2 - 4 3 _ 3 3 1 1 1 3 3 _ _ 5 2 2 _ 3 _ _ _ 2 2 2 1 - - 1 • •• _ 1 4 • 4 4 _ 1 269 268 280 278 206 204 206 205 169 169 80 80 43 104 103 70 133 132 45 187 185 29 119 47 132 131 46 103 103 17 52 52 _ _ 4 _ 3 3 _ _ 18 18 13 9 9 _ 1 1 1 5 5 5 36 36 20 2 2 2 2 2 2 _ _ 16 _ _ 9 14 5 18 4 12 3 10 _ 3 2 5 10 6 - 6 - - 3 3 2 12 6 2 5 4 2 - 2 1 5 1 121 3 7 1 11 11 2 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ - 3 3 3 3 3 3 _ _ _ _ 10 10 1 9 10 10 5 5 _ _ _ 3 3 _ _ _ _ 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ . 3 _ _ _ 4 4 1 1 _ _ _ _ 2 2 1 2 4 1 2 _ _ _ - - - 4 - - 6 - 3 — — — - •- — - - - - - - - - - - 22 22 27 27 - 8 8 9 9 - - - - - - _ 3 98 98 68 68 90 90 43 43 30 53 53 18 37 37 39 32 32 9 3 3 18 5 5 - 39 39 - - 2 - - - 3 3 - - 3 3 - - _ _ 11 8 7 5 3 2 _ „ _ 6 6 _ _ _ 3 3 1 1 - 1 1 3 5 _ 3 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ - 3 5 4 - 1 - 3 - 3 13 4 9 - 9 8 8 _ _ _ - _ _ _ - - - - - - 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 - _ Table 19. Occupational earnings: Mississippi—Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and sex Number of worker* Average $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.50 $2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 hourly - and and earning* under $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 o v e r S elected occupations— Continued Fin ish in g departm en t— Continued In sp e cto rs, fin a l (in sp ect only) (a ll w o m e n )____________________________ T i m e ___________________________ In sp e cto rs, fin a l (and thread t r im m e r s ) (a ll w om en ) 3 b / ___________ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s )_______________ M isc ella n eo u s: Jan itors (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )__ ________ M e n ____________________________ W om en ____________________________ R ep a irm en , sew in g m achine (a ll m en) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )__________ Shipping c le r k s (a ll m en) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )_____________________ Stock c le r k s (su pply c le r k s ) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )___________________ M en ____________________________ W ork d istrib u to rs (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )____________ ______ ___ M en ______________________________ — W om en -______________________ ___ 1 2 3 4 - - 13 13 3 2 4 9 12 6 3 7 7 - 13 13 - 3.30 - - 10 3.47 - - 24 17 2.74 2.89 - - 189 48 141 2.28 2.27 2.28 14 14 22 $2 .2 0 2.14 12 8 184 2.40 47 188 2.39 62 72 55 17 2 .2 2 2 .2 1 2 .2 6 9 54 33 6 - - - 1 1 16 7 13 11 9 14 3 - - 20 - 2 2 15 - 9 - - 2 - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - 24 14 9 3 18 10 6 44 5 39 2 - 6 12 15 5 - 5 - - - - - 12 16 13 12 13 6 4 3 1 1 5 21 3 9 9 9 3 2 6 3 - - - 3 - - - 6 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - 6 3 - 2 - 7 3 5 3 8 3 1 9 - - - - 3 - 2 - - - 2 - - - - - - 2 2 6 6 1 1 3 - 1 1 - 2 2 3 3 - - - 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - 2 20 24 4 - 2 2 - - - - 2 2 - - 2 22 2 1 1 - 8 12 15 15 - - 4 4 - - - - - - 2 6 - 7 1 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts. A p p ro x im a tely 82 p ercen t o f the production w o rk ers c o v e re d by the s u rv ey w e re paid on an incen tive ba sis. W o r k e rs paid on a tim e and in cen tive basis w ere equally divided. In su ffic ien t data to w a rra n t publication o f separate averages by m ethod o f w age paym ent; (a) predom in an tly tim e w o rk e rs , o r (b) predom in an tly in cen tive w o r k e r s . Includes data fo r w o r k e r s in cla ssifica tio n in addition to those shown sep a ra te ly. Table 20. Occupational earnings: New York State (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and sex Number of workers A ll produ ction w o r k e r s -------------------------Men - ------- ---------------------------------------W o m e n -------------------------------------------- 2, 390 498 1, 892 $2. 87 3.41 2. 73 372 40 332 21 2.25 4. 31 4.27 4. 59 2.62 2.97 2.91 9 . _ 16 Avenge $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2 .9 0 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 hourly eeroinge12 and and under $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2 .9 0 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 o ver 19 . 19 57 5 52 63 _ 63 75 7 23 65 2 2 8 68 1 22 6 25 1 2 . . . . _ . _ _ . . 27 59 56 54 25 33 . _ _ . _ . _ . _ . _ _ _ _ . . . . . . . 3 . _ _ . . . _ 40 . . 40 15 _ 15 _ 20 20 20 20 2 6 52 _ _ 52 44 35 _ . 35 23 175 31 144 240 21 219 135 26 109 159 39 120 34 76 163 32 131 . . _ - . _ . . . . - . 5 5 - 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 94 64 81 50 31 58 25 33 . 3 3 _ 9 . 1 1 1 _ . _ _ 137 36 20 101 74 _ . _ 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 . . _ _ 9 9 . . - _ . 8 _ _ _ 54 1 87 _ 61 34 . 34 _ 32 _ _ 32 4 28 28 28 . 28 4 4 4 110 69 17 52 16 48 21 16 5 27 18 9 25 14 42 32 11 10 S elected occupations Cutting ro o m : A s s e m b le r s (a ll w om en) (a ll tim e w o r k e r s )_____________________ C u tters, m achine (41 men, 1 wom an) T i m e ___________________________ M a rk e rs (a ll m e n )(a ll t im e w o r k e r s )- S p re a d e rs ----------------------------------------M en ----------------------------------------T i m e ___________________________ Sew ing departm ent: C o lla r top tr im m e r s (a ll w om en ) 3b / -S ew ing-m ach ine o p e r a to r s 4 5 -------------M en ----------------------------------------In c e n tiv e ----------------------------W om en - ---------------------------------T i m e ........................................... In c e n tiv e ----------------------------D re s s s h irts --------------------------------W o m e n -----------------------------------T i m e ___________________________ In c e n tiv e ----------------------------Sport s h i r t s --------------------------------W o m e n -----------------------------------T i m e ___________________________ In c e n tiv e ----------------------------U n d e rp r e s s e rs , hand ( 1 9 m en, 6 w om en)____________________ In c e n tiv e _______________________ Fin ish in g departm ent: B a g gers and b o xers (2 men, 84 w om en)-------------------------T i m e ---------------------------------F o ld e r s , garm en t, hand (a ll w om en) In c e n tiv e ----------------------------G arm ent re p a irm e n (1 man, 6 w om en ) 3 a/---------------------In s p e c to rs , fin a l (in sp ect only) (a ll w o m e n )(a ll t im e w o r k e r s ) _______ In sp e cto rs, fin a l (and th rea d t r im m e r s )(a ll w om en ). _ T i m e ---------------------------------P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand (a ll w om en) -_ In c e n tiv e ----------------------------P r e s s e r s , fin ish , machine (3 men, 58 wom en) 3b/--------------------Th read tr im m e r s (a ll w om en ) 3 a/.-----M isc ella n eo u s: Janitors (a ll men) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )--------------------------Shipping c le r k s -------------------------------M en (a ll tim e w o rk e rs )-------------W ork d is tr ib u to rs ----------------------------W om en (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )--------1 2 3 4 5 42 38 9 41 26 21 7 1, 173 23 17 1, 150 402 748 703 689 121 568 393 384 281 103 2. 40 2. 76 3. 92 4. 39 2. 73 2.61 2.80 2. 77 2. 74 2. 73 2.74 2.77 2. 76 2.56 3. 30 2 2 1 1 1 181 . _ 181 14 167 158 158 13 . . 13 . 13 46 . 46 25 12 12 6 _ 152 13 13 12 1 1 8 _ 21 21 21 . 21 18 20 20 9 8 13 . 13 4 9 11 11 15 15 7 11 11 2 4 7 30 _ 30 17 13 15 15 4 12 12 12 - . . 16 . 16 7 9 11 11 _ _ 1 _ _ 3 90 . _ 90 31 59 41 41 8 9 11 12 37 37 37 _ 2 2 2 13 13 13 . 23 23 23 4 7 5 5 3 _ 2 19 7 _ . _ . . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ 9 _ 8 . . _ 12 29 5 1 25 25 25 . 2 _ 25 15 80 2.75 7 7 . _ . . . _ _ 86 2.60 2.52 1 1 . . _ _ . _ _ 2 2 . . _ _ . . 6 6 . . _ _ 5 5 _ - - - - _ . 1 _ 2. 78 79 42 2 .8 8 13 13 7 3. 13 6 . . 7 2.79 . _ 1 1 . _ 26 26 91 6 7 _ 83 . 83 41 42 39 39 15 24 36 36 . 81 . . 85 53 32 44 44 15 29 47 41 38 3 26 10 _ _ 2 2 10 38 37 38 . _ . 2 2 2 8 8 3 - _ 81 40 41 23 23 9 14 33 33 31 2 2 2 2 1 1 52 18 34 31 29 85 27 58 69 67 17 50 15 15 60 20 _ 56 _ . 56 3 53 42 42 2 8 _ 2 _ _ _ . . _ 2 - 20 1 12 8 8 19 17 17 2 8 16 3 3 3 2 _ . _ . . . _ . _ - _ . _ . . . . _ . _ - - - - 11 15 _ _ _ . . _ 5 5 _ . 6 6 1 4 _ . _ 1 1 3 3 1 1- 2 1 1 . _ 4 4 2 2 . _ 3 3 6 6 2 _ _ - 1 - - _ - 3 _ _ _ . . 11 . . 2 1 22 12 _ _ 5 9 5 5 4 . 4 5 . . . 4 4 4 5 2 2 - 1 1 2 _ 17 17 17 _ . _ _ 20 10 _ 42 14 14 3 _ 6 - 8 11 10 19 19 19 _ 10 10 12 40 42 42 13 29 19 18 7 32 17 17 _ 2 2 2 1 4 4 . 4 . . . . _ . 2 2 _ . 10 1 1 9 2 7 2 2 10 56 6 4 . 4 9 4 . . 2 8 4 7 2 _ - 5 _ . . . 1 . 1 - - - - - 6 - - - 5 - - 10 1 1 - - - - - - - - - . . . . . - _ _ _ . . _ 1 1 1 1 _ _ 1 3 3 2 1 13 13 2 2 _ . 4 4 _ - 3 _ . - 5 5 3 3 2 2 _ _ - - - 5 - _ . 3 - - 2 2 . _ . 1 1 1 1 _ _ 3 - . 1 1 _ . 7 4 1 1 1 1 . . - - . - . - - _ 1 3 12 1 2 2 1 3 2 3 5 1 - 1 1 2 _ _ 13 _ 2 2 1 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ . . - - _ _ . _ - 2 1 - 16 - - - - 1 1 6 12 1 1 5 30 2.58 6 33 19 64 50 2.35 2. 30 3.01 3. 07 21 12 61 2 .90 2.40 16 21 37 44 40 80 62 . 81 3.79 3. 88 2.56 2.62 4 2 18 2 2 2 6 _ . 3 3 3 9 9 2 _ . 2 2 _ . _ , _ _ _ _ . . 1 4 . _ . _ _ _ _ 1 - _ _ _ . 1 1 . - 1 1 - 17 4 4 4 - - _ - 22 22 _ 25 . _ 1 1 _ 1 2 _ 1 1 _ - - . - - - - - - - - 10 10 2 2 8 8 2 2 8 8 7 7 - _ - 2 2 1 1 9 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Excludes prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts. A p p ro x im a tely 55 percen t o f the production w o rk ers c o vered by the su rvey w e re paid on a tim e basis. A ll w o rk ers w e re at $ 5.60 to $ 5.80. In su fficien t data to w a rra n t pu blication o f separate a verages by method o f wage paym ent; (a) predom in an tly tim e w o rk e rs o r (b) predom in an tly in cen tive w o rk e rs . Includes data fo r w o rk e rs in c la s s ific a tio n in addition to those shown sep ara te ly. W o rk e rs w e re d istrib u ted as fo llo w s : 5 at $ 5 to $ 5.20, and 1 at $ 5,40 to $ 5.60. Table 21. Occupational earnings: North Carolina (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and sex A ll production w o r k e r s ____________________ M e n _______________________________________ W o m en ___________________________________ Average $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 hourly earnings l and and under $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.50 $2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3-60 $3-89 $4-99 $4-29 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 o ver Number of workers 8, 189 596 7,593 $2.37 2.96 2.33 146 127 2.27 2.27 2.24 25 2 .6 2 2 - 10 2.74 2.49 2.30 2.70 3.52 3.55 3.63 2.65 2.58 2.59 2.56 50 44 36 28 2.39 2.38 2.43 2.78 78 58 2.24 2.28 4,813 2 , 160 1,996 2.33 2.34 2.30 238 180 58 352 335 2.25 2592 245 8 73 2519 237 615 34 581 281 8 273 613 23 5 90 497 31 466 315 29 286 12 14 14 14 18 14 2 2 94 350 35 315 273 36 237 223 5 - - 2 2 1 1 - 9 5 5 7 7 - 533 39 494 415 10 10 8 8 8 - 3 3 - - 12 282 21 394 6 217 192 15 177 256 46 140 29 96 210 111 85 - - _ 3 3 2 _ 2 15 15 5 5 2 2 - 6 6 6 6 2 6 6 6 - 1 - 2 3 3 3 _ _ . 11 75 26 49 32 16 41 30 16 11 _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 9 1 2 1 1 24 15 9 19 17 7 13 9 10 7 16 16 - 22 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 14 8 S e lected occupations Cutting ro o m : A s s e m b le r s --------------------------------------W o m en -----------------------------------T im e ----------------------------------C lic k e r-m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s --------------M e n 2 a / ----------------------------------W o m en ____________________________ T im e ___________________________ In cen tive----------------------------C u tters, m achine (a ll m e n )--------------T im e ----------------------------------M a rk e rs (2 7 w om en , 4 m en) 2 a/-------S p r e a d e r s ----------------------------------------M en -------------------------- ----- ------ T im e ----------------------------------In cen tive----------------------------Sew ing departm en t: C o lla r p o in t e r s --------------------------------W o m e n -----------------------------------In cen tive_______________________ C o lla r top t r im m e r s (a ll w om en) 2 b / ~ In sp e cto rs, in te rm e d ia te (in s p e c to rs o f p a rts) (a ll w o m e n )-----------------------------------T im e ----------------------------------S ew in g-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs (a ll wom en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) 3 ------------------ ----- -------------D re ss s h irts --------------------------------Sport s h irts ---------------------------------Fin ish in g departm en t: B a g gers and b o x e rs (a ll w om en )-------T im e ------------------- --------------In cen tive----------------------------F o ld e r s , ga rm en t (a ll w o m e n )---------In cen tive-----------------------------Hand (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s )- ...... — M a ch in e---------------------------------------In cen tive ----------------------------G arm ent re p a irm e n (a ll w om en )-------T im e ----------------------------------In s p e c to rs , fin a l (in sp ect only) (a ll w om en) 2 a / ------------------------------In s p e c to rs , fin a l (and thread t r im m e r s ) (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) —----------------P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand (a ll w om en) 2 b / ------------------- ----------P r e s s e r s , fin ish , m achine (a ll wom en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s )----------------------------------------T h rea d tr im m e r s ( a l l w om en) 2 b/....... 112 35 18 17 9 8 63 54 31 109 102 92 2 .1 6 2.55 2.47 2.49 2.47 2.46 2.51 2.18 21 17 5 5 5 - 24 22 22 9 9 9 2 2 7 7 - 12 8 8 6 2 2 - - 2 - - - 7 7 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 - 2 2 2 2 19 19 17 - 3 3 3 - 1 1 3 3 3 - 2 2 6 6 - 5 7 4 4 12 12 12 2 1 - - 4 4 4 - 17 17 17 - 12 12 10 2 - 9 7 7 9 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 2 2 3 3 3 - - _ 4 - 2 2 2 - 4 4 4 - 3 - 3 - 1 _ _ - 10 - 17 3 8 1 5 8 8 3 3 3 3 22 11 4 4 1620 135 904 63 544 72 369 80 182 80 278 44 107 149 54 81 197 77 98 305 128 113 223 104 81 172 80 77 131 49 55 116 64 28 139 74 43 62 88 328 134 181 287 261 33 14 21 15 13 39 23 20 12 8 9 7 7 26 26 36 36 29 7 7 3 3 17 17 13 4 4 _ 30 30 19 _ - _ 18 18 _ _ 19 19 4 _ 4 12 2 12 2 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - 8 10 10 1 1 16 6 6 18 18 5 9 9 3 3 11 11 11 11 6 1 1 - _ _ 2 2 4 55 54 1 67 57 33 31 12 10 2 6 6 34 31 3 15 2 - 1 1 2 10 10 6 16 2 2 30 27 4 4 23 23 18 5 5 1 1 1 2 3 1 6 19 110 126 5 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 9 9 9 1 1 1 _ _ _ 1 1 1 _ 59 32 _ _ 2 3 - _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 6 _ _ _ _ 33 28 _ 4 4 _ 6 6 4 4 _ 4 4 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 _ 1 2 .1 6 2 2 10 6 7 7 24 2.46 6 - - - 3 1 1 - 2 1 - 1 7 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ 330 2.32 109 26 9 6 43 13 4 7 19 15 25 13 7 9 17 5 3 _ _ _ 11 13 10 2 2 6 2 5 196 2.26 79 6 16 6 21 15 8 3 10 5 4 6 7 1 3 1 1 _ 4 _ _ _ 97 13 2.87 2.43 6 - - - 2 2 8 5 8 1 8 10 6 5 3 3 1 4 5 _ 4 12 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 22 22 7 6 _ - 6 6 4 _ _ _ 2 2 2 9 9 21 4 4 3 _ _ _ _ 1 11 132 115 70 62 11 11 _ 4 3 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 200 11 9 9 7 1 1 3 3 3 _ 23 23 16 7 7 3 3 ' See footnotes at end of table. 3 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Table 21. Occupational earnings: North Carolina—Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and sex Number of workers Average hourly earnings1 $ 2 .0 0 $ 2 .0 5 $ 2 .1 0 $ 2 .1 5 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .2 5 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .3 5 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 . 1 0 $ 2 .1 5 $ 2 .2 0 $ 2 .2 5 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .3 $ $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .7 0 $ 2 .8 0 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3 .0 0 $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .4 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 $ 4 .2 0 $ 4 .4 0 $ 4 .8 0 $ 5 .0 0 $ 5 .2 0 $ 2 ,2 0 $ 3 .6 0 $ 3 .8 0 $ 4 . 0 0 $ 4 i2 Q $ 4 . 4 0 $ 4 ,6 ,0 $ 4 ,8 .0 .$ 5 ,0 .0 $ 5 -2 0 o ver $ 4 .6 0 and under $ 2 .0 5 and $ 3 -9 0 $ 3 .0 0 S elected occupations— Continued M isc ella n eo u s: Janitors (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )---------------M e n ________________________________ W o m en ____________________________ R ep a irm en , sew in g-m ach in es (a ll m en) 23a/-------------------------- —...... Shipping c le r k s (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )....... M e n ________________________________ W o m en ____________________________ W ork d is trib u to rs -----------------------------M en (a ll tim e w o r k e r s )___________ ----- ---------------------------W om en T im e ___________________________ 1 2 3 2 61 $ 2 .1 5 18 8 15 2 3 7 9 6 13 2 3 7 2 - 1 2 .1 7 - 3 47 3 - - 2 - 14 2 .0 7 9 2 2 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 3 4 3 2 4 4 - 4 ~ 2 4 4 - 3 3 - - 6 10 " 11 6 2 1 6 - 10 - - - 2 73 4 .3 0 - 38 2 .8 8 2 5 - - - 29 1 - 1 3 .0 1 1 - 2 3 9 1 - - - - - 2 212 2 .4 9 2 .2 1 43 10 38 17 28 17 21 5 37 2 .2 6 8 2 3 - 7 - 6 2 2 175 2 .2 0 35 8 35 17 21 17 15 3 9 5 163 2 .2 1 32 8 32 11 21 17 15 3 9 5 - - “ - - " ~ 7 4 2 2 " 6 3 ~ ■ - ■ " 6 3 “ “ - _ - - “ " “ - - - - - - - - - " - ■ _ ■ ■ " ■ " - - - " ■ " 9 8 6 8 6 6 9 4 " ■ " “ ~ " _ - - - - - 10 Excludes p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. A p p rox im a tely 82 percen t o f the production w o rk ers c o vered by the study w ere paid on an incentive basis. In su fficien t data to w a rra n t pu blication o f sep arate a verag es by method o f w age paym ent; (a) predom in an tly t im e w o rk e rs , o r (b) predom in an tly in cen tive w o rk e rs . Includes data fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s ific a tio n in addition to those shown sep ara tely. Table 22. Occupational earnings: Pennsylvania (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) Occupation and sex A l l produ ction w o r k e r s ____________________ M e n ------------------------------------------------W o m e n __________________________________ Num ber of w ork ers A verage $2 .0 0 $2.05 C I O $2.15 hourly and e a rn under ings 1 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 9, 839 $2.94 1, 255 3.29 8 , 584 2.89 824 110 714 Num ber of w o rk ers r e c e iv in g s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs of— $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 C 3 5 $2l40 $2.45 $2.50 $2 .b 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $5.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80" $5.00 and $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 o ver 302 9 293 135 151 7 144 323 5 318 195 129 183 136 7 129 150 13 137 291 17 274 173 9 164 557 41 516 894 61 833 684 72 612 583 46 537 521 40 481 - - 1 - 1 - - _ - 3 4 3 1 16 6 12 71 819 861 194 667 9 - 890 430 49 381 321 74 247 256 74 182 149 60 89 150 34 116 78 32 46 40 9 31 123 33 90 11 6 15 8 6 2 2 2 2 - - - 2 2 6 8 5 7 3 4 _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ 2 2 2 _ _ _ 4 4 - 622 170 452 S elected occupations Cutting ro o m : A s s e m b le r s _____________________________ T im e _____________________ _____ W o m e n ___________________________ T i m e --------------------------------In cen tive---------------------------C lic k e r-m a c h in e o p e ra to rs ___________ M e n ---------------------------------------T im e __________________________ 83 30 18 53 28 25 49 37 17 11 3.25 3,65 3.30 3.02 2.99 3.06 4.02 4.18 3.88 3 54 3 08 4.11 4.13 4.14 4.09 4.09 4.12 3.95 3.42 3.43 3.27 3.37 3.37 55 37 34 3.00 2.64 2.64 _ 1 2 2 3 3 55 117 2.76 2.67 3 8 5, 133 32 5, 101 2.90 2.53 420 3 417 188 1, 727 1, 724 1, 474 19 1, 455 15 205 205 69 3 11 2.82 2.82 2.91 2.42 2.91 2.91 2.89 71 58 2 .9 2 2.94 2 2 4 4 _ - 1 1 5 5 _ - 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 5 5 10 1 5 4 1 1 3 3 221 2.79 4 5 5 7 1 5 64 1 2 2 5 - 5 21 55 41 40 22 22 3.13 3.03 3.37 2.79 2.51 2^89 2.84 2.80 3 3 3 2 - 1 3 - 2 1 - 30 2 .6 6 - 2 158 63 259 131 82 46 54 51 39 _ _ 5 1 12 14 7 3 4 14 5 - 5 12 C u tters, m a c h in e ---------------------------M e n ______________ ________________ T im e __________________ ______ In cen tive______________________ ____________ M a r k e r s _________________ M e n _______________________________ T im e . ________________________ S p r e a d e r s _______________________________ M e n _______________________________ T im e ---------------------------------W o m e n ___________________________ T im e __________________________ Sew ing dep artm en t: C o lla r p o in ters (a ll w om en ) 3 b/______ C o lla r top t rim m e r s (a ll w om en )____ In cen tive______________________ In s p e c to rs , in te rm e d ia te (in sp ecto r o f p a rts ) (a ll w om en ) ( a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s )______________ L o a d e rs , m achine (a ll w om en ) 3 b/___ S ew in g-m a ch in e o p era to rs (3 m en, 5, 130 w o m e n )4... T im e __________________________ In cen tive______________________ D re s s sh irts (2 m en, 1, 725 w om en )___________ In c e n t iv e _____________________ S port sh irts (a ll w o m e n )___________ T im e __________________________ In cen tive____________ ______ — U n d e rp r e s s e rs , hand (a ll w om en )____ U n d e rp r e s s e rs , m a c h in e _____________ W om en (a ll in cen tive w orkers).. Fin ish in g dep artm en t: B a g g ers and b o x e rs (a ll w om en )_____ T im e ---------------------------------In cen tive---------------------------F o ld e r s , ga rm en t (a ll w o m e n )--------Hand 3 b/______________________ ______ M achine (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s )__ G arm en t re p a ir m e n ___________________ W o m e n ___________________________ T im e __________________________ See footnotes at end of table, 93 86 59 27 48 45 31 125 108 68 17 2 .9 0 5 3 3 2 _ _ 1 _ 1 _ _ _ _ 3 2 - _ 1 - 1 _ _ - - 1 2 _ 1 4 4 - ]i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - 1 1 1 _ _ - _ _ _ 3 3 3 - _ _ _ 1 1 2 2 2 _ _ _ 2 2 1 4 » _ 3 - - 2 2 2 2 5 4 4 3 3 3 > _ _ 4 3 3 2 2 2 _ _ 11 11 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 8 3 3 5 3 2 _ 2 17 15 13 2 2 1 1 4 _ 15 7 3 1 1 1 53 45 43 3 3 8 2 8 8 - _ _ _ 4 4 - 9 7 4 1 1 3 - 4 2 2 2 2 2 _ 1 1 1 1 _ 1 1 _ 13 13 9 - 4 13 8 4 2 2 _ _ _ 7 7 - 1 2 4 4 4 1 1 1 _ _ _ 27 21 19 2 _ - - _ _ _ 2 2 - 2 14 14 13 1 20 20 13 12 10 2 10 10 8 2 2 2 2 6 6 12 12 - 3 9 5 5 3 2 _ _ _ 26 6 - _ _ _ _ - 16 _ - 7 7 7 4 4 _ - 1 1 - - - _ - - - 3 4 - 2 2 - 2 4 - - - - 2 2 1 2 2 _ 2 2 _ 2 2 - 2 1 1 - - 1 5 1 1 3 - 1 1 1 - 4 4 1 1 10 1 4 4 1 2 7 9 9 9 1 1 - 3 6 9 - 5 4 - _ 18 2 5 57 _ 57 78 5 73 233 _ 233 64 _ 64 82 _ 82 106 _ 106 192 _ 192 122 336 7 329 342 3 339 292 297 455 263 250 154 125 56 66 21 19 49 1 296 318 4 314 548 8 548 455 263 250 154 125 56 66 21 19 49 116 116 23 41 41 40 40 27 27 - 37 37 95 _ 95 - 31 31 53 _ 53 - 90 90 114 3 220 220 121 171 171 131 55 55 134 84 84 76 52 52 43 31 31 34 21 21 5 5 5 12 12 15 14 4 4 68 127 127 54 5 63 - 1 1 95 - 53 - 121 131 3 134 - 76 - 43 - 19 19 30 30 - 78 78 123 123 - 17 17 33 _ 33 - 79 79 96 _ 64 64 78 _ 78 98 95 1 22 30 30 30 5 25 - 34 - 15 - 14 - _ - 5 - 7 - 4 3 15 14 3 3 4 4 _ - _ - _ - > - - 5 _ 1 1 - 3 _ 3 9 9 - _ 6 2 1 187 1 1 6 5 . - 4 6 1 - - 1 1 1 _ - _ “ 7 8 _ 4 4 12 10 2 16 9 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 5 3 - 1 1 66 2 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ - 2 2 1 _ _ 3 2 1 2 1 1 8 " 2 1 “ 2 2 1 5 5 4 - 3 1 2 " “ 1 _ 122 1 1 9 7 1 “ “ _ - 1 1 1 5 4 4 5 ■ 5 111 1 9 29 9 4 16 5 5 4 284 37 11 10 14 8 2 12 4 17 17 15 10 10 5 5 9 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 _ 4 14 9 5 3 3 3 - 1 2 2 11 _ 19 15 4 7 3 4 _ _ 4 4 _ 1 1 4 3 _ _ _ _ 1 1 ■ 2 - - 5 37 26 5 5 _ _ _ 7 7 _ 4 1 _ _ 6 6 2 8 8 3 3 - - _ _ _ - - " “ ■ _ 2 2 1 Table 22. Occupational earnings: Pennsylvania—Continued (N u m ber and a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h o u rly earn in gs 1 o f w ork ers in selected occupations in m en 's and b o ys' sh irts (ex cep t w ork sh irts) and n igh tw ea r m anu facturing esta b lish m en ts, June 1974) Num ber o f w o rk e rs re c e iv in g stra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earn in gs of— O ccupation and sex b er age $2 .0 0 T o n T O O $5.O0 $3.00 T O ^ l T O n T O O w T O $4.20 r a TO n $ 0 5 $2 .1 0 $2715" $2 .2 0 $2.25 - U T S S - $ 0 5 T O o $ 0 5 - $ O o T 2 O h ou rly of 3 .n d w o r k ea rn under ers ings 1 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $ 2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 o ver S elected occupations— Continued F in ish in g dep artm en t— Continued In s p e c to rs , fin a l (in sp ect only) (a ll w o m e n )____________________________ T im e __________________________ Tn rpntivp ..... In sp e cto rs, fin a l (and thread t r im m e r s ) (a ll w om en ) .. . Jnrpntive P r e s s e r s finish, hand ...... W o m e n ____________________________ In cen tive-----------------------------P r e s s e r s , fin ish , m achine ... (1 man 62 w nm 'm ) . In cen tive T h rea d trim m e r s (1 man 79 w om en ) __ T im e . __ ____ In cen tive __ M isc e lla n e o u s : Janitors (a ll tiin pw n1’^ p“rR) 27 19 8 _ _ _ 210 2 .8 6 199 263 260 254 2.87 3.18 3.18 3.18 5 5 28 28 28 63 57 3.53 3.62 _ 2 3 _ 2 1 2 _ _ _ 1 1 - 5 5 5 2 2 1 1 - - 1 1 1 1 _ - _ _ - 12 12 11 8 8 8 10 10 10 _ _ 1 1 _ _ 4 3.14 2.82 3.21 1 1 _ _ 2 3 1 4 77 4 4 _ 3 1 _ 1 1 _ _ 3 1 1 17 2.60 2.64 2.45 1 _ 103 45 35 58 54 173 46 127 4.16 3.60 3.66 3^00 3.02 2.80 3.11 2.69 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 » - 1 6 6 _ _ _ 2 2 1 1 _ 14 10 10 9 7 1 1 _ _ _ 1 - 3 3 _ 4 4 . 1 1 19 9 6 - 10 3 1 6 9 1 1 1 3 3 1 18 15 3 20 6 6 3 14 14 4 4 4 7 7 2 3 3 4 4 4 7 7 _ 8 8 10 10 10 7 7 _ 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 9 9 80 15 65 60 yeomen _ _____________ R ep a irm en , sew in g m achines (a ll m e n ) 4 a / . . Shipping c le r k s (44 m en, 1 w om an)---T im e ----------------------------------Stock c le r k s (su pply e l e r k s ) - .. M en (a ll tim e w o rk e r s) W'ork d istrib u to rs __ ___________ Men ^ a / __ ______________ W om en (a ll tim ew o rV ers). ... $2.55 2.60 2.42 _ l _ 16 _ 16 _ _ _ 1 1 1 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 2 _ 2 _ 19 3 16 3 3 49 1 48 1 1 17 14 11 11 11 6 - 2 1 1 1 14 14 5 5 5 4 4 - - - - - “ - ~ “ ~ ~ 9 9 12 12 21 21 21 19 19 18 18 18 6 6 22 22 22 4 3 10 10 8 31 31 29 26 24 6 6 6 6 6 12 12 12 2 2 10 10 10 7 7 7 “ ■ 7 7 7 2 2 3 3 8 8 4 4 7 7 9 9 2 2 1 1 6 6 3 3 - 2 “ - 3 3 3 “ 3 7 3 4 2 5 6 9 - 1 - 2 4 6 1 8 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 10 1 6 1 9 5 - - “ - i i 12 12 12 2 “ - 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 8 8 12 16 - - 12 16 2 1 3 15 14 4 4 3 3 15 9 1 6 12 12 10 25 25 13 9 4 5 4 5 10 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 4 4 10 8 2 4 1 3 - 16 4 4 - 14 3 3 - - 16 13 “ 10 1 1 ; 1 1 - - - - 5 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on weekends, h olidays, and la te sh ifts. A p p ro x im a te ly 78 percen t o f the production w o rk e rs c o v e re d by the s u rv ey w e re paid on an in cen tive b a W o r k e rs w e re d istrib u ted as fo llo w s : 4 at $ 5 to $5.20; and 2 at $5.20 to $5.40. In su ffic ien t data to w a rra n t pu blication o f separate a vera g es by m ethod o f w age paym ent; (a) predom in an tly tim e w o rk e rs , o r (b) p redom in an tly in cen tive w o r k e r s . Includes data fo r w o r k e r s in cla s s ific a tio n in addition to those shown sep a ra te ly. W o r k e rs w e r e distrib u ted as fo llo w s : 5 at $ 5 to $5,20; 2 at $5.20 to $5.40; 8 at $5.40 to$5.60; and1at $6,20 to $6.40. Table 23. Occupational earnings: South Carolina (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work sh irts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and sex A l l production w o r k e r s Men W om en .... _ .... ... Number of workers Arerage $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 1 5 M hourly earnings1 and and under $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 o ver 5, 952 510 5,442 $2.39 2.79 2.35 98 59 39 34 2.41 1911 158 78 5 1833 153 352 39 313 213 18 195 318 16 302 358 38 320 227 9 218 199 18 181 228 19 209 232 19 213 359 22 20 2 38 172 23 149 179 19 337 258 160 5 5 3 3 3 - 11 11 4 3 6 6 1 1 4 4 - 9 7 2 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - 4 4 3 3 3 - 125 31 13 18 16 17 14 5 8 15 12 11 1 1 5 3 4 5 3 22 16 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 2 2 1 1 - - _ - _ - 1 2 1 - - 3 3 - - 3 33 _ - 135 19 116 110 22 88 40 113 265 30 235 2 3 5 6 5 2 6 6 3 - 5 - 6 5 5 4 2 1 - 4 1 1 12 11 29 S e lected occupations Cutting ro o m : A s s e m b le r s (a ll w om en) T im e _ ___ In cen tive C lic k e r-m a c h in e o p e ra to rs M en _ ....... _. _ T im e ... __ .... In cen tive ... _ W o m en 2 C u tters, m achine (a ll m en) T im e ._ ...______ In cen tive M a rk e rs M en fa ll tim e w o rk e rs ) W om en 4 b/ S p rea d ers ... ... . ...... M en . _ _ ... T im e In cen tive Sew ing departm en t: C o lla r p o in ters (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) C o lla r top tr im m e r s (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) ....... ._ . ... In sp e cto rs, in te rm e d ia te (in sp ecto rs o f p a rts) (a ll w om en) 4 a / . L o a d e rs , m ach in e (a ll wom en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) S ew in g-m ach in e o p era to rs (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tive w orkers) 5 . . . . D re ss sh irts ....... ....... . ... . Sport s h ir t s ... U n d e r p r e s s e r s , m achine (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) Fin ish in g dep artm en t: B a g gers and b o xe rs (a ll w om en) .. __ T im e ___________________________ In cen tive ........... ................ F o ld e r s , ga rm en t (a ll wom en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) . Hand M a c h in e .................... . . . . G arm ent re p a irm e n (a ll w om en) (a ll tim e w o rk e rs ) In s p e c to rs , fin a l (and thread t r im m e r s ) (a ll w om en) fa ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) 2 .2 1 27 13 14 - - 6 6 4 4 - 4 4 - 5 5 - 2 2 1 1 1 8 8 8 - - - 4 4 4 - 4 - - 2 2 - 5 - 4 - 5 - - 1 - 2 9 - 3 6 6 21 - 17 5 14 12 4 1232 588 643 76 32 44 124 62 81 14 67 193 74 119 165 40 125 69 62 37 25 2.70 2.98 3.25 2.67 3.58 2.50 3.52 2.96 4.43 3.33 3.50 3.10 2.73 2.77 2.32 3.44 43 2.26 12 4 8 30 2.63 4 1 56 2.47 6 138 2.45 3, 342 1,433 1,907 2.36 2.37 2.35 22 8 14 12 29 18 11 23 13 10 2 2 62 3 3 - 1 - 1 - 2 2 2 6 6 6 1 1 1 - 1 1 - - - 1 7 2 - - 2 2 - - 2 - 2 - - 1 2 3 3 4 2 4 9 - - - - - - 7 4 4 11 6 12 2 1 7 114 35 79 95 30 65 143 75 116 241 83 158 171 76 95 87 40 46 111 56 55 80 46 34 2 2 2 1 1 - 68 34 82 - 3 3 4 4 4 9 9 3 3 7 7 1 1 1 2 2 - - _ - 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ . - 9 - - - - _ _ _ _ 5 - 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 160 63 97 62 27 35 47 31 16 11 8 17 7 1 3 10 1 4 4 _ 3 3 4 4 _ _ _ _ 4 4 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 3 3 2 - - - - - _ _ - - _ _ _ _ 2 _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 3 3 7 7 2 1 4 4 7 1 1 3 3 39 2.25 12 3 7 - 3 3 - 3 - - - 3 3 - 1 - 1 2.25 2.15 2.44 48 29 19 4 31 31 - 1 1 5 5 - 13 4 1 11 8 2 2 8 2 2 - - 2 3 5 - - 9 1 2 2 - 1 12 1 2 2 _ 225 152 73 2.42 2.35 2.56 5 5 21 9 17 8 8 1 12 17 17 10 6 5 - 3 5 15 5 - 17 4 2 2 10 - 25 5 1 - 4 - 6 179 8 3 2 2 1 - 49 36 13 2 2 14 - 3 19 14 5 2.35 1 - 4 2 2 - 2 .2 1 97 9 5 7 1 25 11 - - 1 8 10 6 5 5 - 9 3 4 6 6 5 2 4 6 7 3 4 2 6 6 - 2 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 1 1 - _ - 1 1 _ 1 * See footnotes at end of table. 2 _ - 1 1 143 96 47 2 2 - 2 2 Table 23. Occupational earnings: South Carolina—Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 Avenge $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 hourly earnings 1 and and under M M $5.00 o ver M A Q . M M $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2 >90,j $3.00 $a>aa $3-10 m m . $3.,SQ .fcLQfl i O ccupation and sex Number of worker* 0 ^ 1 S elected occupations— Continued F in ish in g dep artm en t— Continued P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand ( a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tiv e w o r k e r s )_______________ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , m achine (a ll w om en ) (a ll in cen tive w n rk srs) _ __________________ M isc e lla n e o u s : Janitors (a ll Hrnpwnrlcprs) M e n __________________________ _____W om en ____________________________ R ep a irm en , sew in g-m ach in es (a ll m en) (a ll tim #»w r»rk«rs) _. Shipping c le r k s (a ll m en) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )_____________________ Stock c le r k s (su pply c le r k s ) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )_____________________ Wnmsn - - _____ W ork d istrib u to rs (175 w om en , 4 m en) (a ll tim e w o rk e rs ) _______ 1 2 3 4 5 6 209 $2.40 92 6 72 2.58 10 2 51 35 2 .1 2 19 2.17 6 16 2 .0 2 13 53 4.30 . - 5 15 12 4 3 3 . . 2 _ _ - - - 5 10 5 6 10 9 7 3 4 11 2 10 8 4 4 2 6 6 2 4 2 8 6 6 4 2 2 6 2 2 2 5 5 _ 1 1 - - - - - - - - . _ _ - _ 1 - 4 1 2 _ - 6 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 10 3 23 _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ . _ - - - - " 3 . . . . _ 1 - 2 2 7 20 . 13 3.31 19 9 2.42 2.32 - - . - 179 2.19 49 7 29 _ _ - 8 20 1 3 - - 3 4 3 - 1 6 9 9 - 4 - - - 2 2 3 2 - 3 - - - - - - 1 2 - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - _ 1 6 11 5 4 3 2 1 Exclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts. A p p ro x im a tely 80 percen t o f the production w o rk ers c o vered by the su rvey w e re paid on an in cen tive basis. W o r k e rs paid on a tim e and in cen tiv e b a sis w e re equ ally divided. W o r k e rs w e re d istrib u ted as fo llo w s : 2 at $ 5.20 to $ 5.40; and 1 at $5.40 to $ 5.60. In su fficien t data to w a rra n t pu blication o f sep arate a verag es by method o f w age paym ent; (a) predom in an tly t im e w o rk e rs , o r (b) predom in an tly in cen tive w o rk e rs . Includes data fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s ific a tio n in addition to those shown sep ara tely. W o rk e rs w e re d istrib u ted as fo llo w s : 2 at $ 5 to $ 5.20; 3 at $ 5.20 to $ 5.40; 5 at $ 5.60 to $ 5.80; and 1 at $ 6 to $ 6.20. Table 24. Occupational earnings: Tennessee (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of worker! Occu pation and sex A ll produ ction w o r k e r s M en W om en . . . . . . . . ......... Average $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2 i40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 hourly and earning! l and undei $2.05 $2 . 1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 o v e r 13,334 1,356 11, 978 $2.44 2.67 2.41 24 542 158 25 1 ft 7 133 84 49 54 47 25 2.53 2.26 ?.,?3 2.33 2.58 2.35 2.97 3.02 3.06 3.06 3.05 2.76 33 7 3 4 26 272 4270 430 28 402 435 41 394 8 1 2 1 468 37 431 438 493 56 42 396 437 467 50 417 413 46 367 785 94 691 68 8 398 430 33 397 104 584 594 61 533 484 49 435 332 19 313 3 - - 10 7 - 17 3 - 31 - 4 - _ 7 7 3 4 _ 31 27 4 _ 4 2 2 2 1 - - - 486 88 317 29 288 2 63 37 265 18 247 167 36 131 277 56 226 2 1 - _ 3 _ _ 2 _ _ 2 1 _ _ 3 _ _ _ - 3 _ _ _ _ 22 1 172 32 140 31 9 53 28 25 130 24 122 106 68 52 13 39 22 1 2 1 _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ 2 1 _ _ 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 54 S elected occupations Cutting room : A s s e m b le r s M en _ ........ ........ _ __ _ _ In cen tive ...... ... W om en .. . T i m e ___________________________ In cen tive C lic k e r-m a c h in e o p e ra to rs M en ... T i m e ___________________________ In c e n t iv e _____________________ _ W om en 3 b/ C u tters, m ach in e (111 m en, .... .. ........ 5 w om en ) T i m e ___________________________ In c e n t iv e .......... . M a rk e rs (a ll tim e w o rk e rs ) M en ._ _____ . ___ _ __ W om en ____________________________ S p rea d ers ............. ......... .. .................... .... . M en T im e In cen tive __ ______ W om en 3 b/ Sew ing dep artm en t: C o lla r p o in ters (a ll w o m e n )___________ .......... In cen tive _ C o lla r top tr im m e r s (76 w om en, .............. 2 m en) 3 h/ In sp e cto rs, in te rm e d ia te (in s p e c to r o f p a rts) Tall w om en ) T im e ................. ..... . In c e n t iv e ______________________ S ew in g-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs 5 ___________ W om en In c e n t iv e ______________________ D re ss sh irts (a ll in cen tive w ork ers) _. W o m en ____________________________ N ie h tw ea r (a ll w om en) 3 h/ Sport sh irts (2, 982 w om en, 3 m en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s )___ U n d e rp re s s e rs , hand (a ll w om en) 3 h/ U n d e rp r e s s e rs , m achine M en (a ll in cen tiv e w o r k e r s ) ____ W om en 3 b/ See footnotes at end of table. 26 4 1 7 6 1 2 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 - - 1 1 1 6 2 2 - _ 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 6 27 25 6 262 2 3 3 - . 4 4 4 - - 2 4 4 2.47 2.49 39 33 6 6 5 3 78 2.32 31 1 158 65 93 8 7, 688 7, 669 7, 529 2.36 2.29 2.41 2.39 2.39 2.40 3, 672 3, 656 1,014 2.44 2.44 2.47 1220 162 1214 404 2, 985 2.31 1302 36 2.25 2.59 2.84 2.54 13 25 4 - 21 1 7 160 3.16 2.99 3.48 2.95 2.97 2.89 2.63 146 103 43 14 2.43 3.21 2.37 116 76 40 59 45 14 2 .6 6 2 2 36 34 34 - 1 1 6 6 3 3 - 3 3 2 - 5 2 _ 2 2 2 - _ 10 6 4 3 3 _ 7 6 1 1 1 1 14 2 12 - - - 5 5 3 3 10 10 10 8 8 7 - 1 1 1 - - - - 3 - 1 1 3 3 1 1 6 6 3 3 3 3 5 7 4 3 15 5 6 1 2 8 1 1 1 7 _ _ _ _ _ 2 7 1 7 1 6 6 6 2 _ 3 3 - 1 1 - 9 1 4 4 4 - 1 8 14 9 _ 3 3 3 3 3 - 1 - 22 9 9 y 5 2 2 15 13 1 3 3 3 3 - 5 5 4 1 1 - 11 11 8 1 - 2 3 3 - 9 5 4 17 15 2 8 8 6 2 1 1 1 8 14 7 11 1 3 4 1 1 - 4 2 2 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 2 1 _ 2 _ _ 1 1 1 _ 1 1 _ 5 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 14 14 7 7 7 4 6 6 1 1 3 _ _ - 9 _ _ _ 11 8 _ 15 7 2 11 8 1 2 5 5 6 1 23 1 7 5 10 1 _ 2 2 - 1 - _ _ 3 3 4 4 - _ _ _ _ _ 6 6 3 5 5 2 2 _ 6 6 6 1 2 1 5 _ 3 3 2 2 _ _ _ 2 _ - 2 1 1 1 _ 2 - 2 2 4 4 5 5 - - _ 6 - 4 2 2 2 9 9 3 5 5 3 2 2 5 _ 45 _ _ _ 3 3 _ 3 _ 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 - 2 2 6 4 3 2 6 _ 1 2 2 13 13 12 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 _ 2 5 5 4 1 3 7 7 1 1 1 1 8 6 6 2 _ _ 1 _ 2 _ _ 114 102 100 16 84 z \ 20 2929 2 920 2780 5 3 283 283 283 258 258 257 257 257 162 21 140 136 19 158 158 18 99 100 79 _ - 7 193 299 191 299 191 299 266 2 66 266 151 114 151 153 153 1 2 4 250 250 2 50 4 265 263 263 4 190 190 190 428 428 428 9 360 3 60 360 126 124 25 90 90 14 157 157 60 179 179 37 161 144 12 11 6 9 219 219 219 209 209 209 182 182 182 137 137 137 163 163 163 72 72 72 129 129 129 86 86 86 69 69 69 33 33 33 21 21 21 99 99 36 95 95 38 81 81 24 98 98 30 43 43 14 89 89 28 55 55 26 49 49 4 21 21 56 87 87 51 145 81 74 49 32 35 15 12 5 3 1 2 1 1 1 - _ _ _ _ 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 3 _ 3 365 3 63 363 20 22 113 113 31 56 126 91 105 112 86 209 8 11 2 3 5 3 7 - - 7 3 3 - - 9 5 7 1 6 1 2 1 2 116 21 7 - - 1 1 4 8 1 - - 2 1 1 1 1 1 - - - 3 8 1 1 - - 163 6 11 11 9 9 9 4 2 7 7 _ 16 3 6 3 _ 2 3 3 1 _ _ 2 _ _ 2 1 _ 2 Table 24. Occupational earnings: Tennessee—Continued (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and sex Number of worker! Average hourly earning*1 $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 and and under $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2 .6 0 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 o ver S e lected occupations— Continued F in ish in g dep artm en t: B a g g e rs and b o x e rs .. M en _ T im e W om en. T im e In cen tive _ _ F o ld e r s , garm en t (a ll w om en ) _ _ Hand (a ll w om en ) .... ..... In c e n t iv e __________________________ M ach ine (a ll w om en ) (a ll in cen tiv e w o r k e r s ) _______________ Hand and m ach in e (a ll w om en ) (a ll in cen tiv e w o r k e r s ) _____________ . G a rm en t re p a irm e n (a ll w om en ) 3 a/ ---------- -----------------------------In sp e cto rs,- fin a l (in sp ect o n ly) (a ll w om en ) 3 b/ In s p e c to rs , fin a l (and thread t r im m e r s ) (a ll w o m e n )_____________ T i m e __________________________ In cen tive P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand (a ll w o m e n )________________________ __ In c e n t iv e _____________________ P r e s s e r s , fin ish , m achine (170 w om en, 1 m a n ) _________________ In cen tive T h rea d tr im m e r s (a ll w om en ) (a ll in cen tiv e w o r k e r s )______________ M is c e lla n e o u s : Ja n ito rs (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )____________ M e n _______________________________ W o m en ___________________________ R ep a irm en , sew in g m ach in es (a ll m en ) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )_________ Shipping c le r k s (a ll tim e w o rk e rs ) M e n _______________________________ Stock c le rk s (su pply c le r k s ) (a ll tim e w o rk e rs ) M e n _______________________________ W om en ______ __________ ___ _____ __ W ork d is t r ib u t o r s __________________ __ M en _________________________________ T i m e __________________________ W om en __________________________________ T i m e ________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 338 31 23 307 165 142 479 238 232 $2.49 2.40 2.52 2.50 2.17 97 5 92 81 2 .8 8 2 .6 2 11 2.55 2.56 90 53 47 7 1 1 6 4 2 10 10 10 6 - 13 3 6 6 - 10 1 - 27 - 8 8 8 20 6 6 1 1 26 26 10 9 13 4 4 8 8 10 8 8 21 - 9 2 2 2 1 1 15 24 1 1 6 6 19 13 13 21 19 - 9 3 6 12 4 4 8 3 5 30 17 17 10 10 2 8 45 19 19 32 3 3 29 18 10 - 11 10 12 1 11 27 13 13 15 5 5 34 25 25 10 - 12 5 16 - 2 2 4 4 16 13 - 6 10 2 2 2 - - 3 12 16 13 - 6 10 2 2 2 - - 3 17 13 13 12 6 12 - - 9 5 5 4 3 3 2 8 2 2 2 6 6 10 11 1 1 2 8 8 13 15 5 5 - 16 16 14 2 2 1 - - 7 5 5 3 69 2.71 4 - - 2 2 3 4 - 3 5 11 6 6 5 2 4 2 3 1 2 2 - 2 - - - 172 2 .6 8 33 - 6 3 - 11 10 18 3 8 15 8 4 4 2 4 6 7 1 7 8 4 4 2 1 3 81 2.35 12 1 4 12 12 1 7 - 2 4 10 2 11 - 1 - - - 1 1 - - - - - - 34 2.70 - - - 7 - 3 - 4 3 - 3 - - 2 2 2 4 - - - 2 2 - - - - 463 59 404 2.41 2.03 2.47 177 54 123 7 7 18 33 33 17 17 18 18 14 14 15 15 18 18 4 4 7 7 4 4 7 7 7 7 3 3 2 - 11 7 7 - 12 13 13 11 16 14 14 16 12 18 18 16 17 1 2 4 4 434 426 2.40 2.41 158 151 13 13 6 6 13 13 22 21 12 12 4 4 28 28 16 16 9 9 31 31 17 17 9 9 32 32 11 11 22 22 9 9 6 6 6 6 2 2 - 3 3 - 5 5 - - 171 155 2.98 3.06 18 18 1 1 12 - 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 3 4 4 2 2 7 7 4 4 17 13 4 4 12 12 2 2 6 6 13 13 5 5 8 8 16 16 7 7 6 6 8 8 4 4 3 3 4 4 21 2.44 5 - - 4 1 - 1 - - - 2 2 1 3 1 1 113 85 28 2.16 2.16 2.18 51 41 8 11 2 2 1 1 - 7 3 4 2 2 2 3 3 - - - 13 13 - 5 3 8 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 3 3 - 4 7 10 122 3.69 2.73 2.78 - - 3 3 - - - - - 4 - 12 6 2 - - - - 33 - 11 4 4 3 - 2 - 9 4 4 8 - 15 - 4 1 7 3 3 4 4 17 3 3 14 3 3 13 - 3 3 19 13 - 3 - - 7 7 - - - - - - - - 2 2 2 - 12 2 2 10 10 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - " “ " - ' ' ' 33 27 36 26 10 292 166 160 12 6 100 2.64 2.67 2.58 2.37 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.44 1 57 34 33 23 13 1 6 8 7 5 5 21 14 14 7 7 12 - 11 6 2 2 2 15 14 7 5 4 6 6 2 2 21 4 1 - 2 7 7 6 1 1 2 4 7 3 - 1 1 6 2 3 2 5 - - 2 2 2 9 5 5 4 4 2 1 1 10 5 4 4 3 6 1 2 2 1 15 28 9 9 19 15 36 27 27 9 9 8 8 7 7 7 7 3 3 12 6 6 6 6 1 1 - 1 2 - “ 1 - - - Exclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. A p p ro x im a tely 80 p ercen t o f the production w o rk e rs c o v e re d by the su rvey w e re paid on an in cen tive basis. Includes 59 w o r k e r s at $ 1.95 to $ 2 . In su fficien t data to w a rra n t pu blication o f sep arate a vera g es by method o f w age paym ent; (a) predom in an tly t im e w o rk e rs , o r (b) predom in an tly in cen tive w o rk e rs . W o rk e rs w e re d istrib u ted as fo llo w s: 1 at $ 5.20 to $ 5.40; 3 at $ 5.60 to $ 5.80; and 1 at $ 6.60 to $ 6.80. Includes data fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s ific a tio n in addition to those shown sep ara tely. Table 25. Occupational earnings: Virginia (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) A ll produ ction w o r k e r s -----------------------M e n -----------------------------------------------W o m e n ------------------------------------------- >4^ O O £4.20 and ------ w O ccupation and sex Average $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2 .9 0 $3.00 $3.10 $3 .2 0 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 hourly earning* 1 and under $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2 .9 0 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $4.00 ^ k> , O NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of worker* 3, 037 237 2 , 800 $2.45 2.84 2.42 540 9 531 58 49 2.26 2.27 5 4 8 3. 00 3. 34 3.23 3.08 3.38 - 37 29 2 .9 6 2.81 1 1 _ _ _ _ 124 2 2 18 18 - - 1 1 2 2 1 - 103 3 216 15 118 100 201 13 9 2 1 2 2 2 2 11 11 _ _ > _ 1 2 2 1 _ 126 8 2 _ _ _ 114 13 103 426 13 413 134 7 127 10 114 7 107 116 175 143 10 77 4 73 20 165 22 121 _ - - - - _ 1 2 - _ _ - - 4 62 208 14 194 - _ 66 94 74 82 13 69 48 5 43 64 32 11 10 22 53 12 1 11 o ver 23 29 19 2 6 1 2 11 12 18 30 5 21 18 7 28 32 10 S elected occupations Cutting room : A s s e m b le r s -----------------------------------C lic k e r-m a c h in e o p e ra to rs (7 m en, 1 w om an) 2 a / ------------------C u tters , m achine (a ll m e n ) -----------T i m e --------------------------------T i m e --------------------------------S p rea d e rs (a ll m e n )-----------------------T i m e --------------------------------Sew ing departm ent: C o lla r p o in ters (2 men, 7 w om en ) 2 b / ------------------C o lla r top tr im m e r s (a ll w om en ) 2 b/----------------------------S ew ing-m achine o p e ra to rs (a ll w om en ) 4 --------------------------------In cen tive---------------------------Sport s h i r t s ------------------------------I n c e n t iv e -------------------------F in ish in g departm en t: B a g g ers and bo xers (2 men, 61 w o m e n )----------------------In cen tive---------------------------F o ld e r s , garm en t, hand (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s ) ----------------G arm ent re p a irm e n (a ll w om en) In sp e cto rs, fin a l (in sp ect only) (a ll w om en ) 5 --------------------------------In sp e cto rs, fin a l (and thread t r im m e r s ) (a ll w o m e n )----------------In cen tive---------------------------M isc ella n eo u s: Janitors (a ll men) ^eUi cim e w o rK e r &j - - - - - - - - - - - - - - R ep a irm en , sew ing m ach in es (a ll men) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )----------Shipping cle rk s ^3,11 rnen) ^3.11 t im 6 w o r k 6 rsJ W ork d istrib u to rs (1 man, 1 2 3 4 5 6 24 21 9 6 _ 9 2.45 - 2 - 7 2.45 - 2 1 1, 830 1, 577 1, 314 1 , 061 2.44 2.49 2.44 2.51 305 243 138 54 32 54 32 63 28 2.38 2.70 4 „ 78 2.51 23 31 2.28 200 _ _ _ .. 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 _ 2 - 1 - 66 130 41 52 27 120 75 65 51 41 1 _ _ _ _ _ 41 37 35 31 68 27 20 212 7 _ 4 .. 14 _ 5 _ 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 7 1 2 4 4 2 10 - - 4 1 2 12 12 5 5 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 4 6 2 4 10 2.43 .. _ _ 2.64 2. 74 26 10 2 20 „ _ 3 3 25 2.26 6 1 1 26 3.93 6 3.08 64 2.44 1 2 4 3 2 39 36 23 20 3 3 4 - - 2 - 1 - - - 1 - 2 2 _ 4 4 - _ - 4 4 - 1 1 1 _ - _ _ _ - 7 4 1 1 32 1 _ 2 2 14 14 3 - - 1 2 1 - 2 1 - 4 16 7 7 11 11 8 8 22 22 16 16 _ _ - 12 12 8 8 16 16 16 16 _ _ _ _ 2 2 2 2 128 128 108 108 117 117 86 86 73 73 58 58 58 58 44 44 49 49 26 26 3 3 2 2 12 12 1 1 - 1 7 6 » 2 - 1 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 1 2 2 2 _ - _ 2 62 62 52 52 27 27 15 15 48 48 27 27 - _ - - _ - r 2 2 _ i _ . _ _ - 3 2 1 1 1 _ 2 2 1 2 1 - 8 8 - 1 1 4 4 4 4 l l 3 3 2 2 4 4 5 5 1 1 6 6 1 3 - - 7 l 1 - - 2 2 69 6 2 336 294 254 43 33 _ 1 1 2 70 36 54 68 27 133 115 3 _ - - 2 4 16 16 16 _ _ 9 17 4 23 2 1 8 E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts. A p p ro x im a tely 72 percen t o f the production w o r k e r s c o vered by the su rvey w e re paid on an incen tive basis. In su ffic ien t data to w a rra n t publication o f separate a verag es by m ethod o f w age paym ent; (a) predom in an tly tim e w o rk e rs , o r (b) predom in an tly in cen tive w o rk ers. A ll w o rk e rs w e r e at $4.20 to $4.40. Includes data fo r w o rk e rs in c la ssifica tio n in addition to those shown sep ara te ly. W o rk e rs paid under tim e and in cen tive system s w e re divided equ ally. W o rk e rs w e re d istrib u ted as fo llo w s: 1 at $ 4,20 to $ 4.40; 4 at $ 4.40 to $ 4.60; 2 at $ 5 to $ 5.20; and 2 at $ 6 to $ 6.20. Table 26. Occupational earnings: Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, Pa.—N.J. (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 2 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and sex A ll produ ction w o r k e r s -------------------------M e n -------------------------------------------------W o m e n ___________________________________ Number of workers Average hourly, earning!2 1,588 183 1, 405 $3. 15 3.27 3. 13 19 27 23 25 17 2. 87 4.09 4. 20 3! 31 3 30 6 8 2.60 3. 10 796 785 369 364 3.26 3.27 3. 14 3. 15 $2.00 $2.05 $2.10 $2.15 $2.20 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 and and under $2.05 $2.10 $2.15 $2.20 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 o ver 68 12 56 11 1 10 13 1 12 11 2 9 14 1 13 44 7 37 26 3 23 15 5 10 78 5 73 23 3 20 83 7 76 191 5 186 144 7 137 76 6 70 74 6 68 104 14 90 101 19 82 119 25 94 96 12 84 74 4 70 71 15 56 32 8 24 - - _ - - - - - - - 1 - 4 - 2 - 1 - 6 - 4 1 1 - 1 4 - 1 1 10 10 6 6 1 1 4 5 3 13 8 38 6 32 5 1 4 18 18 59 8 51 5 5 - - - S elected occupations Cutting room : A s s e m b le r s (a ll w o m e n )(a ll tim e w o rk e rs )---------------------------------C u tters, m achine (26 men, 1 wom an) c__ M en (a ll tim e w o rk e rs )________ _ Sew ing departm en t: v^oixar p o in ters \clii women/ d / - - - - - C o lla r top t r im m e r s (a ll w om en )3b/-S ew ing-m ach ine o p e ra to rs ( 1 man, 795 w om en ) 4 ---------------------------------In c e n tiv e ----------------------------Sport sh irts (a ll w o m e n )-------------In c e n tiv e ----------------------------F in ish in g departm ent: B a g gers and b o x e rs (a ll w o m e n )3 a/ - In sp e cto rs, fin a l (in sp ect o n ly )(a ll P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand (a ll w om en )3b/-------------------------------------Th rea d tr im m e r s (1 man, 32 w o m e n )-------------------------------------In c e n tiv e ----------------------------M isc ella n eo u s: Ja n itors (12 men, 1 wom an) (a ll Time wo r Kc i s j - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - R ep a irm en , sew in g m ach in es (a ll men)(?ill tim e w o rk e rs ) _ W ork d istrib u to rs (3 m en, 26 w om en) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )-------------------------- 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 - - 4 - 1 1 2 1 - - 2 1 - - - - - - 3 3 _ _ 5 5 _ _ 6 6 _ _ 10 10 4 4 9 9 _ _ 7 7 4 4 49 49 40 40 11 11 8 8 47 44 28 1 28 81 78 47 44 48 47 9 8 49 49 16 16 30 27 8 8 50 50 16 16 52 52 24 24 63 63 48 48 70 70 44 44 55 55 20 12 5 4 5 4 20 39 39 16 16 10 10 4 4 18 18 8 8 2 2 - , 17 ! 17 4 4 35 35 4 4 1 2 - - - - - - 5 - 5 13 19 2 1 1 - - - - - - 1 - - - 12 1 1 1 3 2 - 1 57 - - - - 25 25 12 50 2 .6 6 16 2.60 23 4.35 - - - - - - - 33 28 2.87 2.84 1 1 _ . _ 2 2 2 2 . . 3 3 13 2.63 9 4.61 2 - i 29 2.91 2 1 1 - - - 1 - - 2 3 - - 1 1 - 1 _ . - 3 3 5 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 4 3 2 - - _ 1 - - 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 2 1 - 1 “ - - " ■ ■ 1 " 1 2 4 7 1 5 65 1 ■ " “ ' ' ‘ Th e A llen tow n —B eth leh em —Easton Standard M etropolitan S ta tistica l A re a consists o f Carbon, L eh igh , Northam pton Counties, P a ., and W a rren County, N.J. E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. A p p ro x im a tely 66 p ercen t o f the production w o rk e rs co v e re d by the su rvey w e re paid on an in cen tive basis. In su fficien t data to w a rra n t pu blication o f sep arate a verag es by method o f w age paym ent; (a) predom in an tly tim e w o rk e rs , o r (b) predom in an tly in cen tive w o r k e r s . Includes data fo r w o r k e r s in c la s s ific a tio n in addition to those shown sep a ra te ly. W o r k e rs w e re distrib u ted as fo llo w s : 1 at $ 5.20 to $ 5.40; 3 at $ 5.40 to $ 5.60; 1 at $ 5.60 to $ 5.80; 1 at $ 6.40 to $ 6.60; and 1 at $ 7.40 to $ 7.60. W o r k e rs w e r e d istrib u ted as fo llo w s : 1 at $ 5 to $ 5.20; 1 at $ 5.20 to $ 5.40; 2 at $ 5.40 to $ 5.60; and 1 at $ 6,20 to $ 6.40. Table 27. Occupational earnings: Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif.1 (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 2 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Occupation and sex A ll produ ction w o r k e r s -------------------------M e n ------------------------------------------------W o m e n -------------------------------------------- Number of workers Average hourly earnings 2 2, 333 360 1, 973 $2.60 51 39 30 2.44 2.39 2. 35 2 .8 6 2.55 $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2 .9 0 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 and and under $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2 .9 0 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4 .0 0 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 o ver 674 99 575 55 _ 55 98 11 11 87 81 70 13 - 11 1 1 1 49 7 42 121 25 96 33 3 30 67 7 60 _ - 48 23 2 2 21 46 147 24 123 137 19 118 89 4 85 54 3 51 90 66 16 101 105 4 5 61 6 6 5 5 5 5 - - 2 2 - _ 2 - 1 - 1 74 71 19 52 41 7 34 76 13 63 61 39 35 4 31 20 18 9 9 23 14 9 16 21 1 1 - - 4 - - - - - 4 4 9 9 8 11 5 1 22 34 14 37 S elected occupations Cutting room : A s s e m b le r s -------------------------------------- C u tters , m achine (a ll men) (a ll tim e w o r k e r s )---------------------------M a rk e rs (a ll men) S p re a d e rs ----------------------------------------Sewing departm ent: C o lla r top t rim m e r s (1 man, 14 w o m e n )-------------------------------------in cen tiv e- —— ------—-------S ew in g-m a ch in e o p e ra to rs , sp o rt sh irts (1 man, 1, 347 w o m e n )--------T i m e ---------------------------------In cen tive----------------------------U n d e rp r e s s e rs , hand (a ll w om en 3 ---F in ish in g departm ent: B a g g ers and b o x e r s -------------------------w om en — -----------—------ ———————— T i m e ---------------------------------m e e n tive- ————————————————— F o ld e r s , garm en t (a ll w om en ) 4 --------T i m e ---------------------------------In cen tive----------------------------Hand-------------------------------------------T im e ---------------------------------In cen tive----------------------------In sp e cto rs, fin al (and thread t r im m e r s ) (a ll w om en ) 5 ----------------P r e s s e r s , fin ish , han d--------------------W o m e n ------------------------------------ 56 3.98 6 3.70 2.72 3.01 19 7 15 10 1, 348 114 1,234 16 41 24 16 g 62 24 38 49 24 25 3 _ 2 2.58 2.47 2.59 2.71 359 37 322 51 • _ 51 _ 51 7 44 _ 2.31 2.31 2.42 8 2 4 5 5 4 3 1 4 2 1 1 2.73 2.40 2.93 2.80 2.40 3. 18 2. 2 1 1 3 10 10 _ _ _ _ 24 76 47 29 34 2 .2 0 18 5 _ _ _ 2 2 «. 51 33 4 29 51 _ 2 2 2 5 5 5 - - 2 2 - 2 1 1 4 4 _ 4 4 _ 2 _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ 2 2 1 1 1 1 _ _ 1 1 18 18 - 89 61 7 54 80 70 31 72 2 68 30 1 6 2 - 2 54 4 50 - 54 8 77 3 4 1 - - 4 _ _ 1 4 6 5 _ 2 2 2 2 2 2 _ - 1 3 3 54 24 _ 24 - 2 6 30 - 26 - 1 1 1 1 - 4 1 1 2 4 4 1 1 _ 2 4 _ 1 - 4 2 2 32 32 : i ! 1 11 9 4. 42 25 3.22 _ 64 2.34 2.35 24 24 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 - 1 1 1 1 1 - - 33 29 43 _ 43 - 32 _ 32 - 23 „ 23 - 18 _ 18 - 6 1 6 1 14 4 5 5 - 10 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ - - 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 52 31 - 27 - 1 1 _ 1 1 _ _ _ «. _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 2 5 1 _ _ 2 _ 1 2 _ _ _ _ 3 3 1 1 _ _ 2 1 _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ 1 .. _ 3 2 2 2 _ _ 1 2 2 4 _ - _ 1 2 - - “ 8 6 - 1 _ 4 _ _ 4 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 » _ 6 4 4 1 1 5 5 » 5 _ _ _ 4 4 2 3 _ 3 3 3 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 _ _ 12 12 2 2 9 3 > - 2 _ 2 2 1 _ - 1 1 - - - 2 _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ 2 2 _ 8 8 2 2 1 1 2 _ 5 2 1 2 4 _ _ » 1 _ 1 2 2 2 _ - _ 4 _ - 2 2 1 2 4 2 - 2 2 - _ - 1 1 2 1 3 - 1 - - - 1 6 3 1 3 2 2 - - " - - - ~ - - 1 6 - 1 - 4 - 4 1 2 2 1 3 2 " - 2 - 3 2 3 () 4 1 4 4 1 3 2 2 6 4 1 4 4 1 Th e L o s A n g eles—Long Beach Standard M etropolitan S ta tistica l A r e a consists o f Los A n g eles County. E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r work on w eekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts. A p p rox im a tely 63 percen t of the production w o rk ers c o vered W o rk e rs paid under tim e and in cen tive system s w e re divided equ ally. Includes data fo r w o rk e rs in addition to those shown sep arately. In su fficien t data to w a rra n t publication o f separate a verages by method o f w age paym ent, predom in an tly in cen tive w o rk ers. 6 W o r k e rs w e re distrib u ted as fo llo w s: 2 at $ 4.60 to $ 4.80; 2 at $ 5.40 to $ 5.60; and 1 at $ 5.60 to $ 5.80. 7 W o r k e rs w e re distrib u ted as fo llo w s: 1 at $ 5.60 to $ 5.80; 1 at $ 6 to $ 6.20; and 1 at $ 6.20 to $ 6.40. 1 1 1 5 65 1 4 - 73 3 1 2 - 1 1 4 35 24 12 - 3 - 1 2 2 _ 12 ( 2 1 1 1 42 - I _ _ _ _ _ 13 10 20 21 61 1 1 8 2.38 2.55 2 .1 1 _ 1 18 3. 04 3.45 3,11 3 ! 68 2.36 2.27 2.51 31 56 40 16 In cen tive----------------------------T h rea d tr im m e r s (a ll w o m e n )----------T i m e ------------------------------- In cen tive----------------------------M isc ella n eo u s: Janitors (a ll men) ( 3.11 tim e wo rK ers ^————————————————— R ep airm en , sew ing m achines (3 ii m en j (311 tiixiewurK.erb; ■“ ■ " Shipping c le r k s (24 men, 1 wom an) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )------- .------------------W ork d istrib u to rs (2 men, Oct w o m e n ;------------------------------------ T i m e ---------------------------------- 9 8 - 1 3 4 5 by the study w e re paid on an incentive basis. Table 28. Occupational earnings: New York, N.Y.—N.J. (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 2 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— Number of worker* Occupation and sex A ll produ ction w o r k e r s -------------------------M e n ------------------------------------------------W o m e n -------------------------- ------------------ Average $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2 .9 0 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 hourly earning* 2 and and under $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2 .9 0 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 o ver 315 977 $2.90 3.43 2.73 37 4.28 1 , 2 92 108 34 74 1 27 _ 2 1 25 40 _ 40 16 59 38 6 10 1 48 2 6 1 15 7 126 25 14 53 9 42 37 8 101 187 9 178 98 18 80 87 13 74 35 4 31 81 22 59 84 29 55 11 20 16 9 11 35 18 17 2 17 3 8 8 34 27 7 2 2 9 1 10 5 1 15 9 4 14 - 5 5 5 8 1 1 10 15 2 4 4 - 14 3 7 - 9 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 - 2 - 5 - 2 4 4 - 3 3 - . _ - 8 56 6 2 - 8 2 - 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 - - - - - - 2 1 31 16 15 35 15 20 9 13 1 1 10 32 20 12 20 20 22 28 17 S elected occupations Cutting room : C u tters, m achine ( jo m en , i woiriaji / S p rea d ers (17 m en, 15 wom en) — 2.53 16 2. 25 36 353 344 281 80 3. 92 4. 39 Z . 76 2.61 3. 09 3.05 2.93 2. 73 3. 64 2*. 73 2. 71 2.56 67 43 29 17 15 7 32 Sew ing departm ent: Sew ing-m achine o p e ra to rs 4---------------T cen tive- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - In W o m e n -----------------------------------T i m e ___________________________ In c e n tiv e ----------------------------D re ss s h ir ts -------------------------------W o m e n -----------------------------------T i m e ---------------------------------Sport s h i r t s -------------------------------W o m e n ------------ ----------------------T i m e .......................................... F in ish in g departm ent: B a g gers and bo xers (a ll wom en) (a ll tim e w o rk e rs ).................................... P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand (a ll wom en) - T h rea d t r im m e r s (a ll w o m e n )---------M isc ella n eo u s: Ja n itors (a ll m e n )(a ll tim e w o rk e rs ) - Shipping c le rk s (38 m en, 1 woman) ^aiJ. iim e w o ric crsj ————————————————— W ork d is tr ib u to rs ----------------------------W om en (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )........... 1 5 601 23 17 578 402 176 171 157 121 39 39 21 1 25 20 8 44 4 19 23 7 59 65 60 8 67 6 25 14 . 11 6 6 6 . . 1 1 _ 25 25 _ . _ _ 9 9 1 1 8 . 25 25 25 2.54 3.31 3. 54 2 48 2 45 10 - _ 2.39 3 3. 88 2.45 2.58 7 1 _ 4 4 . 19 17 4 4 4 44 44 . 7 7 7 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 37 37 37 2 2 2 13 13 13 1 - 2 - 6 - - - - - 20 20 _ 8 6 2 2 2 2 18 18 18 2 23 23 . - 59 31 28 . 7 7 . 4 4 4 23 23 23 3 3 3 24 24 19 - - 6 - - - 12 12 12 33 35 33 2 2 2 2 1 1 67 40 27 9 9 9 31 18 13 14 33 27 15 5 45 39 38 60 41 19 18 18 15 3 34 34 26 12 10 2 19 17 33 33 31 15 15 32 5 2 6 3 - - - 59 53 6 20 20 8 3 2 2 8 _ . _ ' ' ■ 4 13 13 2 1 2 - 6 21 2 11 11 10 6 13 13 1 1 _ 5 4 . The New Y o r k Standard M etro p o lita n S ta tistica l A re a consists of New Y o rk C ity (B ron x, 1 1 K in gs, . . 16 3 N ew Y o rk , 4 4 Q ueens, - - _ - 1 13 - 13 _ 12 10 10 15 15 7 3 2 3 2 - - - - - - - - 8 2 8 2 8 7 13 7 13 - _ 11 11 1 10 - 7 _ - _ 7 7 2 2 1 5 5 and Richm ond C ou nties), Putnam , Rockland, and W estch ester Counties, N .Y .; and B e rg e n ^County ^ fQr o v e r tim e and fo r w ork on weekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts. A p p ro x im a tely 78 p ercen t o f the production w o rk ers co v e re d by the study w e re paid on a tim e basis. 3 In su fficien t data to w a rra n t pu blication o f separate a verages by method o f w age paym ent, predom in an tly tim e w o rk e rs . 4 Includes data fo r w o rk e rs in c la s s ific a tio n in addition to those shown sep a ra te ly. 5 W o rk e rs w e re distrib u ted as fo llo w s : 5 at $ 5 to $ 5.20; and 1 at $ 5.40 to $ 5.60. Table 29. Occupational earnings: Pottsville—Shamokin, Pa.1 (Number and average straight-tim e hourly earnings 2 of workers in selected occupations in men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, June 1974) NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIM E HOURLY EARNINGS OF— O ccupation and sex A ll produ ction w o r k e r s -------------------------M e n -------------------------------------------W om en ------------------------ -------- -------- Number of workers Average hourly earnings 2 $2 .0 0 $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2 .9 0 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $ 4 . 4 0 $ 4 . 6 0 $ 4 . 8 0 and and under $2.05 $2 .1 0 $2.15 $2 .2 0 $2.25 $2.30 $2.35 $2.40 $2.45 $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $ 4 . 4 0 $ 4 . 6 0 $ 4 . 8 0 o v e r 1, 842 279 1, 563 $2.87 3.23 2 . 81 7 13 _ 20 3. 57 3.84 4.06 3 50 3.40 17 3. 12 _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 1 2 1 11 2.57 _ 1 1 _ 1 _ 1 _ _ 1 _ 2 _ 3 14 2.94 112 3 109 91 3 38 40 _ 40 17 _ 17 1 8 1 1 37 42 3 39 34 88 33 27 49 53 128 13 115 168 38 130 16 70 154 15 139 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ 1 35 50 54 86 98 78 83 6 1 12 92 77 71 . _ _ _ _ _ 199 47 152 52 139 47 92 44 2 4 8 57 19 38 26 30 15 13 13 11 19 7 8 12 2 10 4 3 1 S elected occupations Cutting ro o m : A s s e m b le r s (5 m en, 2 w om en) C u tters, m achine (a ll m en) 1 3 a / --------2 M a rk e rs (a ll men) (a ll tim e w o rk e rs ) - 8 23 T i m e ---------------------------------Sew ing departm en t: C o lla r p o in ters (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s )-------------------------C o lla r top t r im m e r s (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tiv e w o r k e r s )-------------------------In sp e cto rs, in te rm e d ia te (in s p e c to r o f p a rts) (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s '__- ___________________________ Sew ing-m achine o p e ra to rs (a ll w om en ) 4 --------------------------------------T i m e ___________________________ In c e n tiv e ----------------------------D re ss sh irts (a ll in cen tive w o r k e r s )------------------------------U n d e rp r e s s e rs , m a c h in e ----------------W om en (a ll in cen tiv e w o r k e r s )----F in ish in g departm ent: B a g gers and b o xers (a ll w o m e n )------T i m e ---------------------------------F o ld e r s , ga rm en t (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tiv e w o r k e r s ) 4 -----------------------Hand-------------------------------------------G arm ent re p a irm e n _ ______- _____ _ W om en — ___ ______ __________ _______ T i m e __________________________ In sp e cto rs, fin a l (in sp ect only) (a ll w om en ) 3 b/______- ______________________ In s p e c to rs , fin a l (and thread t r im m e r s ) (a ll w om en) (a ll in cen tiv e w o r k e r s )-------------------------P r e s s e r s , fin ish , hand (a ll w om en ) 3 b/------------------------------------T h rea d tr im m e r s (a ll w om en ) 3 b / ----M i s cellaneou s: Ja n itors (15 m en, 1 wom an) (a ll tim e w o r k e r s )___ ____ _______ _ R ep a irm en , sew ing m achines (a ll men) (a ll t im e w o r k e r s )____ _ Shipping c le r k s (a ll m en) ( a ll tim e wo rke rs) ______________________ W o rk d is tr ib u to rs ----------------------------W om en (a ll t i m e w o r k e r s ) ____ _____ 1 2 4 948 18 930 392 34 55 19 3 85 55 19 2.83 80 79 46 _ _ 3 1 1 2.70 _ _ 2.94 3.42 2 .9 8 2 . 88 1 1 2 .6 8 28 5 23 23 11 21 19 40 47 11 21 19 40 47 61 4 57 54 23 15 _ _ 5 21 2 2 3 _ _ 6 1 1 14 9 7 23 29 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 10 1 _ _ 2 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 8 16 7 6 6 2 2 1 _ . _ 1 _ 5 _ 2 _ _ 5 _ _ _ 4 _ 5 4 4 3 3 3 _ 2. 83 9 2. 49 48 2.83 55 28 2. 83 2.93 16 2.46 25 3.98 3. 36 2 . 89 2.67 1 _ 2 _ 2 2 2 2 10 _ _ _ _ 1 2 1 _ _ _ 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 . . . _ _ . _ _ " ’ I " 1 1 1 1 3 2 _ _ . _ _ _ _ . 1 _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 1 2 1 2 57 49 94 57 23 26 10 14 2 3 1 57 49 94 57 23 26 10 14 2 3 1 11 1 26 _ _ 28 36 _ 5 15 _ _ 1 1 3 _ _ 7 1 22 6 14 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ . 5 3 12 12 1 7 7 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 1 _ _ 1 17 29 _ 1 1 1 1 2 1 18 18 3 4 3 6 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 _ _ 5 3 1 2 4 4 2 2 2 1 3 2 1 l 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ 1 1 3 1 11 6 9 3 5 3 2 _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 1 1 6 7 3 1 9 1 6 2 5 1 1 _ 4 _ 1 6 2 1 4 _ 1 2 1 4 1 9 1 9 9 _ 55 1 1 1 1 1 2 56 j 6 . _ _ 60 _ . 1 6 1 2 . _ _ 61 _ 1 8 _ 19 29 4 25 5 2 _ 54 1 1 1 1 _ 1 88 52 47 13 25 13 7 . _ I 1 2.79 2.42 80 2. 2. 22 12 1 2. 21 90 46 25 1 1 1 j 2 2 3 1 1 1 I The P o tts v ille -S h a m o k in a re a consists o f Schu ylkill, N orthum berland, and Colum bia Counties. E xclu des p rem iu m pay fo r o ve rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts. A p p ro x im a tely 74 p ercen t o f the production w o rk e rs co vered by the su rvey w e re paid on an incentive basis. In su ffic ien t data to w a rra n t publication o f separate a verages by m ethod o f w age paym ent; (a ) predom in an tly t im e w o rk e rs , o r (b) predom in an tly in cen tive w o r k e r s . Includes data fo r w o r k e r s in cla ssifica tio n in addition to those shown sep ara te ly. Table 30. Method of wage payment l v e^ ? ^ L ° fJ r0dUCti0n work®rs in s and boys- shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments by method of wage payment, 1 United States and selected regions, June 1974) 8 Method of w age payment A ll w ork ers __ United States 2 New England M idd le A tlan tic B o rd er States Southeast Southwest G reat Lakes M idd le W est P a c ific 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 T im e ra ted w o r k e r s _____ F o r m a l plan Single r a t e ____________ Range o f r a t e s ___________ In dividual ra tes _ _ 25 11 3 8 14 31 18 4 14 13 Vd 16 5 11 16 24 8 2 6 15 22 9 2 7 13 29 19 3 16 9 45 45 23 23 19 6 6 14 36 1 _ 1 35 In cen tive w o r k e r s ____ In divid ual p iec ew o rk Group p ie c e w o r k ___ In divid ual bonus Group bonus 75 72 2 ( 3) (v3)) 69 69 68 64 76 76 78 76 2 ( 3) ( 3) 71 63 9 55 52 3 81 80 1 - 64 64 ( 3) “ ~ t 3) ( 3) i . . ^ F o r defin ition s of method of w age payment, see appendix B. Includes data fo r the Mountain region in addition to those shown sep ara tely. L e s s than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not equal totals. ( 3) Table 31. Minimum job rates (Number of m en's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments, studied by minimum job rates of cutters and sewing-machine operators, United States and selected regions, June 1974) United States 2 E sta blish m en ts studied E stablish m ents having an establish ed m in im u m ______________ New England M id d le A tlan tic S ew ingSew ingSew ingCutters machine Cu tters machine Cutters m achine o p era to rs op era to rs o p era to rs M in im u m job r a t e 1 ____ 7 16 14 6 6 3 5 11 12 7 " 14 “ 2 ' 6 - 1 - 5 " " 11 14 33 9 23 27 63 7 4 1 1 19 1 3 - 17 1 4 2 1 2 3 54 3 3 1 2 6 12 30 12 - 16 7 14 171 P a c ific M idd le W est 6 104 56 G reat Lakes 6 104 56 101 Southwest 25 12 243 Southeast Sewing Sewing S ew ingSewing Sewing Sewing Cutters m achine Cutters m achine Cutters m achine Cutters m achine Cutters machine Cutters machine opera tors opera tors o p era to rs op era to rs o p era to rs o p era to rs 25 12 243 B o rd er States $2.00 $2.05 $2.10 $2.15 $2.20 and and and and and under under under under under $2.05 __________________ $2.10 __________________ $2.15 ... $ 2 .2 0 _________ _____ $2.2 5 __________________ 18 2 2 4 141 3 5 2 9 - $2.25 $2.30 $2.3 5 $2.40 $2.45 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2 .3 0 ______________ __ $2.3 5 _ ....... . $2.40 $ 2 .4 5 __________________ $2.50 ........... .......... . .. 1 2 - 3 1 1 “ " " 1 “ 3 1 1 " " ~ 1 1 " “ “ - “ ” “ “ - " $2.50 $2.60 $2.70 $2.80 $2.90 and and and and and under under under under under $2.60 __________________ $2.70 $2.80 ........................ ......... $2.90 $3.00 . ... 5 2 12 3 4 2 3 - 1 1 - " 1 2 2 2 “ 1 3 - 1 1 1 “ 2 6 1 - - “ 1 1 1 “ 2 - 1 “ “ $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 $3.40 and and and and and under under under under under $3.10 ......................... $3.20 $3.30 ... ...... ........... ... $3.40 ............... $3.50 8 1 2 1 - 2 " - 5 1 1 - 1 - - - “ “ “ “ - ~ “ 2 “ " $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 and and and and and under under under under under $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 __________________ $3.90 __________________ $4.00 __________________ 4 3 2 13 2 _ 1 2 - " 4 2 1 - 1 2 - - 1 7 ~ - ~ ~ 1 “ - “ ■ 1 2 1 " - 3 - - - - - - - - 4 - 66 40 5 - 4 2 2 4 10 1 2 ’ 10 - - - 3 E stablish m ents having no fo rm a l m inim um ...... . .... .................. 111 68 2 “ 21 20 10 E stablish m ents not h irin g in this c a te g o ry ._ .... .... _ 30 4 4 5 3 6 $4.00 and o ver... M in im u m job ra tes re la te to the lo w est fo rm a l rates establish ed fo r Includes data fo r re gio n s in addition to those shown sep a ra te ly. exp erien c ed 2 tim e -r a te d w o rk e rs em ployed as cu tters and sew in g-m ach in e opera tors, 3 “ 1 “ Table 32. Work schedules (Percen t of production workers in m en's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments by work schedules, 1 United States and selected regions, June 1974) United States 2 W ork schedules A ll produ ction w o rk ers ._ .... . ..... ... 32 hours— 4 d a y s ................. ........... ...... .......... 35 hours— 5 days 3 7 1/? hours— 5 d a y s ____ 38 hours— 4 days _ 40 h o u rs _______________________________ __ _____ 4 d a y s _____ ____ _ .. ..... 4 V?. days 5 days ...................... .............. . ._ .. .... . . 44 V? hours— 5 d a y s .................. ....................... . 45 hours— 5 days ._ ._ 100 1 2 1 2 94 (3 ) 5 89 1 (3 ) New England M iddle A tlan tic 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 _ - _ 15 1 84 84 - _ _ 3 96 12 87 87 2 _ _ _ 100 100 - 100 100 - B o rd e r States - 8 92 4 88 - Southeast C ) 7 89 1 Southwest M idd le W est G reat Lakes - - 94 94 6 100 - 100 - P a c ific - 1 D ata re la te to predom inant schedule o f fu ll-tim e d a y-s h ift w o rk e rs in each establishm ent. 2 Includes data fo r the Mountain region in addition to those shown sep a ra te ly. 3 L e s s than 0.5 percen t. NOTE: Table 33. Because o f rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not equal tota ls. Paid holidays (P e r c e n t o f produ ction w o rk e rs in m e n 's and boys' sh irts (ex cep t w ork sh irts) and nigh tw ear m anufacturing establishm ents w ith fo rm a l p ro v is io n s fo r paid h olidays, United States and sele cted re g io n s, June 1974) Nu m ber o f paid holidays A ll produ ction w o r k e r s ................... W o r k e rs in establish m en ts providing paid holidays 2 days 3 days .. .... ___ _ .... ... . .... . .. .... 4 d a y s ___________________________________________ 5 days o r 5 days plus 5 h alf d a y s ___________ 6 d a y s ______ ___ __ __ ____ ___________ 6 days plus 1 o r 2 h alf days . . . ... 7 d a y s ___________________________________________ 7 days plus 1 nr 2 h alf days ........... . .... 8 d a y s __ __ _______________ _____ „ ___ _ 8 days plus 1 o r 2 h alf d a y s _________________ 9 d a y s _____________ _______ _________________ 10 d a y s ____ ________ __________ ______ __ United States 1 100 95 1 6 11 25 7 1 7 (2) 34 (2) 2 (2 ) New England M idd le A tlan tic B o rd er States Southeast 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 6 87 5 100 5 3 1 6 1 72 3 8 ( 2) 100 4 8 17 20 19 1 31 - 92 1 8 15 33 7 5 22 1 100 6 9 7 21 •38 20 - 100 11 _ 7 82 - 100 22 13 21 43 - 100 24 21 11 44 - 1 Includes data fo r the Mountain regio n in addition to those shown sep a ra te ly. 2 L e s s than 0.5 percen t. NOTE: B ecau se o f rounding, sums of individual item s m a y not equal totals, Southwest G reat Lakes M idd le W est \ P a c ific Table 34. Paid vacations (Percen t of production workers in men’ s and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing establishments with form al provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States &,nd selected regions, June 1974) V acation p o licy A ll production w ork ers ._ .... United States 1 N ew England M iddle A tlan tic B o rd er States Southeast Southwest G reat Lakes M iddle W est P a c ific 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 97 36 57 2 2 98 56 43 “ 99 74 21 4 97 70 27 " 97 17 74 2 4 100 29 71 “ 100 100 - 100 47 53 - 84 78 6 - 6 49 7 16 1 17 1 17 26 56 - 18 39 1 36 4 8 59 3 16 10 - 8 56 8 12 2 10 - 50 38 12 - 18 82 - 66 34 - 73 11 - 2 43 10 13 3 26 1 12 31 56 - 13 (3 ) 15 65 6 59 3 15 19 - 3 50 14 11 2 16 1 38 12 38 12 - 7 11 82 - 44 22 34 - 51 22 11 - 2 29 11 23 3 27 1 5 93 - 1 (3 ) 27 65 6 37 40 19 - 3 37 22 2 16 1 30 20 38 12 - 7 11 82 - 13 53 34 - 51 3 30 - 2 17 4 36 5 32 1 5 93 - 1 (3 ) 18 4 70 6 33 40 24 - 3 20 6 42 4 21 1 2 40 46 12 - 18 82 - 13 53 34 - 37 18 30 - 16 2 32 2 43 1 98 - 1 (3 ) 14 78 6 33 35 29 - 19 4 40 1 32 1 2 28 38 32 - 7 93 - 13 9 77 - 37 3 44 - 16 2 31 3 41 2 2 98 - 1 (3 ) 14 78 6 33 32 29 3 19 4 39 1 30 1 3 2 23 43 32 7 82 13 9 77 37 3 44 - - - “ 11 Method of payment W o rk e rs in establishm ents providing paid vacations L e n g th -o f-tim e payment .... ................... P e r c e n ta g e paym ent .......... .... _ .... F la t-s u m payment _ . O ther.. .............. .... . _ ._ - Amount of vacation pay 2 A ft e r 1 year o f s e r v ic e : U nder 1 w eek ......... ..... . ... . ........ .... ......... ____ __ _____ _ 1 w eek _ O v e r 1 and under 2 weeks 2 w eeks ............................... O v e r 2 and under 3 w eeks . _ ... ... _ 3 w eeks .......... . . .. _ ... . O v e r 3 and under 4 w eeks ___ . A ft e r 2 years o f s e r v ic e ; U nder 1 w eek 1 w eek ... ............... ...... ... O v e r 1 and under 2 w eeks _. ... 2 w eeks ._ _ _ .......... . ...... O v e r 2 and under 3 weeks 3 w eeks _ . . O v e r 3 and under 4 w eeks A ft e r 3 years o f s e r v ic e : Under 1 w e e k ............ . ... ............ ... _ _ _ . . 1 w eek .............................................. ... . O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s ____________________ 2 w eeks O v e r 2 and under. 3 w e e k s ____________________ 3 w eeks _ . ..... .... O v e r 3 and under 4 weeks A ft e r 5 years o f s e r v ic e : U nder 1 w e e k __________________________________ 1 w eek _ __ ______ _ ......... O v e r 1 and under 2 w eeks 2 w eeks O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s ____________________ 3 w eeks .......... O v e r 3 and under 4 w eeks A ft e r 10 years of s e r v ic e : 1 w e e k _________________________________________ O v e r 1 and under 2 w eeks 2 w eeks O v e r 2 and under 3 w eeks 3 w eeks O v e r 3 and under 4 w eeks A ft e r 20 years o f s e r v ic e :4 1 w e e k _________________________________________ O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s ____________________ 2 w eeks . . _____ O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s ____________________ 3 w eeks O v e r 3 and under 4 w eeks ........... _ 4 w eeks . ..... - - ' 16 - ■ 1 Includes data fo r the Mountain re gio n in addition to those shown sep ara te ly. 2 V acation paym ents such as p ercen t o f annual earnings w e re con verted to an equivalent tim e b a sis. P e r io d s of s e r v ic e w e re chosen a rb itr a r ily and do not n e c e s s a rily r e fle c t individual establish m ent p ro vis io n s fo r p ro g re s s io n . F o r exam ple, changes in p roportion s indicated at 10 years m ay include changes that o ccu rred between 5 and 10 y ears. 3 L e s s than 0.5 percen t. 4 V acation provision s w ere the sam e a fter lo n g er period s o f s e r v ic e . NOTE: Because o f rounding, sums o f individual item s m ay not equal tota ls. Table 35. Health, insurance, and retirement plans (P e r c e n t o f produ ction w ork ers in m en's and boys' sh irts (ex cep t w ork sh irts) and nigh tw ear manufacturing establishm ents w ith sp e c ifie d health, insurance, and retirem en t plans, United States and s e le cted regio n s, June 1974) A l l produ ction w o rk e rs ................... ............. L ife in su ra n c e_____________________________________ N on con tribu tory p la n s ________________________ A c c id e n ta l death and dism em b erm ent in s u r a n c e _________________________________ _____ N on con tribu tory plans . ______________________ Sickness and a cciden t insurance o r sick lea ve o r b o th 3 __________________________________________ S ickn ess and a ccident in s u ra n c e ---------------N on con tribu tory p la n s_____________________ Sick le a v e (fu ll pay, no w aiting p e r i o d ) -----Sick le a v e (p a r tia l pay or w aiting period ) L o n g - te r m d is a b ility in s u ra n c e ________________ N o n con trib u to ry plans . _ H o sp ita liza tio n in s u r a n c e _____________ ________ N o n con trib u to ry p la n s________________________ S u rgica l in s u r a n c e _______________________________ N o n con trib u to ry p la n s ________________________ M e d ic a l in su ra n c e________________________________ N o n con tribu tory p la n s ________________________ M a jo r m e d ic a l in s u ra n c e --------- --------------------N o n con trib u to ry p la n s ________________________ R e tire m e n t plans 5________________________________ Pen sion s _______________________________________ N on con tribu tory p la n s_____________________ S everan ce pay _________________________________ No p la n s _________ ________________________________ B o rd er States G reat Lakes M iddle W est 100 100 100 100 81 36 94 94 65 56 64 52 63 37 63 36 37 37 32 22 33 23 32 29 22 1 3 4 4 95 57 95 57 52 22 41 12 42 38 37 29 29 8 8 100 32 100 32 92 32 80 19 28 28 8 - 83 83 83 37 37 94 83 94 83 80 69 11 83 83 83 6 34 34 34 100 69 100 69 66 36 44 13 47 25 25 17 3 85 61 85 61 78 54 72 47 37 New England M iddle A tlan tic 100 100 100 100 100 93 69 100 98 98 94 95 92 94 61 50 31 7 5 12 8 44 40 46 43 37 1 2 4 4 93 63 93 62 55 31 38 15 51 48 46 93 93 93 - 92 92 87 1 ( 4) 5 5 96 91 95 90 56 50 22 19 92 92 92 49 49 49 - United States 2 Type of plan 1 3 2 - 100 98 100 98 50 49 7 5 93 93 93 - - “ 2 - 65 56 65 56 49 40 22 16 43 43 39 Southeast - 4 " 2 Southwest 34 34 34 - P a c ific 33 30 4 15 ' 1 Includes plans fo r w hich the em p loy er pays at le a s t pa rt of the cost and excludes le g a lly requ ired plans such as w o r k e r s ' com pensation and s o c ia l se c u r ity ; h ow ever, plans requ ired by State tem p orary d is a b ility insurance law s a re included if the em p lo y er contributes m o re than is le g a lly re q u ired o r the em p loy ees re c e iv e ben efits in ex cess of the leg a l re qu irem en ts. "N o n con trib u tory plan s" include only those paid fo r e n tire ly by the em p loy er. 2 Includes data fo r the Mountain region in addition to those shown sep ara tely. 3 U nduplicated total of w o rk ers re ceivin g sick lea ve or sickness and accident insurance shown sep ara tely. 4 L e s s than 0.5 percen t. 5 U nduplicated total of w o rk ers c o vered by pensions or re tire m e n t severa n ce pay shown sep ara tely. NOTE: Table 36. Because of rounding, sums of individual item s m a y not equal totals. Other selected benefits (P e r c e n t o f produ ction w ork ers in m en's and boys' sh irts (ex cep t w ork sh irts) and n igh tw ear m anufacturing establishm ents with fo r m a l p rovis ion s fo r fu n era l lea ve, ju ry duty lea ve, tech n ologica l severan ce pay, and da ily re p o rtin g pay, 1 United States and sele cted regio n s, June 1974) Ite m 1 United States 2 New England M iddle A tlan tic B o rd er State s Southeast 12 13 19 89 9 9 5 48 23 44 39 Southwest G reat Lakes M iddle W est P a c ific 44 44 11 15 “ 52 W o r k e rs in establish m en ts with p ro v is io n s fo r: P a id fu n era l l e a v e ---------- -----------------------Pa id ju ry duty l e a v e ------------ ------------------T e c h n o lo g ic a l s e v era n ce p a y -------- ---------D a ily re p o rtin g p a y -------- ------------------------ 20 34 3 50 2 46 43 1 F o r defin ition of item s, see appendix B. 2 Includes data fo r the Mountain region in addition to those shown sep ara tely. 27 12 58 7 11 76 ~ 65 A p p e n d ix A . R eg ression A n a ly s is Wage differences f o u n d by a simple cross-tabulation can be labeled gross dif ferentials, and those isolated by regression techniques, net differentials. As illustrated in table A -2 , net differentials are generally smaller than gross differentials. The smaller size of net wage differentials is to be ex pected, because of the aforementioned ten dency for characteristics associated w i t h higher wages, such as unionization and metro politan location, to be found in combination. Regression techniques, thus, permit a more precise measurement of the impact of indi vidual factors on the wage structure of an industry. Regression results from the current sur vey follow closely those noted in a similar analysis of the October 1971 study.1 Both surveys indicated, for example, that the major product of an establishment in this industry is relatively insignificant when other factors such as union contract status and location are isolated. For example, the 13-cent-an-hour advantage that dress shirt workers held over sport shirt workers from the 1974 survey results was reduced to a 5-cent net differ ential in the multiple regression (table A -2 ); in 1971, an 18-cent an hour advantage was reduced to 11 cents for the same variables. It should be emphasized that the re g re s sion analysis is not sufficiently complete to say with certainty that we have measured the truly independent impact on wage levels of particular employee and establishment char acteristics. As table A - l shows, the re g re s sion analysis left unexplained about 50 percent of the variation in average earnings levels for all production workers and about 60 to 85 percent of the variation in earnings for the four selected occupations. (See coefficient of determination, R .) This means that other factors, beyond the scope of the survey, un doubtedly influenced the estimates. However, by holding constant those characteristics with in the survey scope, a definite improvement in the estimates for specified characteristics was obtained. Conventional methods of analyzing wage variations using c r o s s tabulations (simple regression) of data typically stop short of measuring the independent influence on wage levels of such factors as size of establish ment, location, and union contract status. The independent effect of unionization on earn ings, for example, may be obscured some what by earnings differentials associated with larger establishments and location in metro politan areas— two characteristics generally found more often with union than nonunion e stablishments. One method of isolating the independent effect on wages of various establishment and worker characteristics is multiple regression. By this method, the estimated wage differ ential for a given variable is determined independently of the influence of other survey variables. The variables included in table A - l are defined, where necessary, in Appendix B— Scope and Method of Survey. In the regression analysis, one category of each of the variables in the equation is not shown explicitly, but its influence is embodied in the constant term. In table A - l , therefore, the categories represented by the constant term are nonmetropolitan, small employment size, nightwear or other major product, non union, Southeast, and, for three of the four selected occupations, female worker and pay ment on a time basis. The average wage level relating to this set of suppressed char acteristics is represented by the value of the constant term, and the coefficients of the ex plicit variables represent the differentials associated with categories of the characteris tics which differ from the basic set embodied in the constant. To determine the effects of the coeffi cients on average wage levels, substitute the values of the new variables in table A - l for those suppressed in the constant term. For example, if the production workers are in a union shop, the estimated average hourly earnings are higher by 27 cents, or $2.63, if other things are held constant. Further, if these workers are located in a metropolitan area, another 12 cents is added to the con stant term. Thus included, the average hourly earnings would be raised to $2.75. 1 See Albert E. Schwenk and Martin E. Personick, "Analyzing Earnings Differentials in Industry Wage Surveys," Monthly Labor Review, June 1974, pp. 56-59. 53 Table A - l . Regression analysis of average hourly earnings, all production workers and selected occupations, men's and boys' shirts manufacturing, United States, June 1974 Selected occupations A ll production workers Cutters, machine Constant------------------------------------------------- $2.36 (.0 3 ) Metropolitan a r e a ----------------------------------- 250 workers or m o re-------------------------------- Spreaders Sewingmachine operators $2. 61 (.18) $2. 25 (.1 6) $2. 05 (.09) $3.71 (.13) .12 (.0 4 ) .65 (.1 3) .33 (.1 3) . 12 (.04) .57 (.1 4) .04 (.0 3 ) .05 (. 10) .05 (.1 0 ) -.0 2 (.0 3) -. 16 (.1 1 ) -.01 (.0 3 ) -.06 (.0 5 ) -.0 5 (.1 2) -.0 6 (.15) -. 15 (.1 1) -.2 8 (.14) .01 (.04) -.02 (.05) . 12 (.14) .37 (.20) Union shop---------------------------------------------- .27 (.0 4 ) .28 (.12) .60 (.1 1) . 19 (.04) .23 (.1 4) Male worker-------------------------------------------- (* ) C1) .46 (.1 5 ) .21 (.1 2) .08 (.35) 0) 0) Incentive pay system-------------------------------- (]) .56 (.11) .69 (.10) .29 (.08) i 1) . 11 (.3 2) . 14 (.17) .15 (.19) -.6 0 (.21) . 11 (.40) -.01 (.36) . 25 (.21) -.2 0 (.2 8) -. 26 (.1 6) .02 (.1 7) -. 18 (.22) -.53 (.3 1) -. 14 (.33) -. 17 (.32) .16 (.08) .28 (.05) -.0 2 (.05) -.08 (.07) .11 (.14) -.1 4 (.12) . 11 (.10) -. 01 (.34) -. 15 (.1 9) -.4 2 (.2 0 ) -. 10 (.24) . 18 (.3 6) -.5 5 (.4 1) -. 02 (.4 4) .38 $0.25 $2. 49 279 236 . 12 $0. 71 $3. 86 192 192 Variable Major product: Dress shirts---------------- ------------------------Sport shirts------------------------------------------ (* ) Regions: New England--------------------------------------Middle A tlantic---------------------------------Border States--------------------------------------Southwest-------------------------------------------Great Lakes----------------------------------------Middle W e st--------------------------------------Pacific------------------------------------------------ Statistical information: Coefficient of determination (R 2 )-------Standard error of the estimate------------Mean ( Y ) -------------------------------------------Number of observations (N )-----------------Number of establishments ( S ) --------------- .08 (.0 8 ) .23 (.0 5 ) -.03 (.0 5 ) -.09 (.07) ( 2) (.1 1 ) -.1 4 (.1 2 ) .07 (.09) .50 $0.21 $2.54 243 243 .42 $0. 62 $3.58 204 192 .45 $0. 58 $2. 85 193 171 Repairmen, sewing machine (* ) * Not applicable. 2 Less than $0. 005. NOTE: Numbers in parenthesis are standard errors. Since the regression coefficients are based on a sample, they may differ from the figures that would have been obtained from a complete census of the industry. Chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estimate from the sample would differ from those in a total census-derived value by less than the standard error, and about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice the standard error. Y is the mean of the earnings (dependent) variable weighted by production workers, N is the number of observations used in each regression equation, treating time and incentive workers and men and women in a firm as separate observations. S is the number of establishments in the sample or with employees in the occupations shown above. 54 Table A -2 . Earnings differentials associated with selected characteristics, men's and boys' shirts manufacturing, June 1974 ^In ^cew bs^e^h our^ Selected occupations Characteristics Metropolitan vs. nonmetropolitan area: Gross differential-------------------------------Net differen tial--------------------------------- Union vs. nonunion: Gross differential-------------------------------Net differential--------------------------------- Middle Atlantic vs. Southeast: Gross differential-------------------------------Net differential---------------------------------- Dress vs. sport shirts: Gross differential-------------------------------Net differential---------------------------------- A ll production workers Cutters, machine Spreaders Sewingmachine operators Repairmen, sewing machine $.31 .12 (.0 4) $.79 .65 ' (.13) $.46 .33 (.1 3) $.27 . 12 (.04) $.60 .57 (.1 4) .41 .27 (.0 4) .72 .28 (.12) .75 .60 (.1 1) .33 . 19 (.04) .31 .23 (.1 4) .46 .23 (.0 5) .84 .14 (.17) .41 -.2 6 (.1 6 ) .46 .28 (.05) .34 -. 15 (.1 9 ) .13 .05 .25 .01 .58 .13 .09 .03 -.0 4 -.2 5 NOTE: Gross differentials were derived from simple cross-tabulations; net differentials from multiple regression. parenthesis are standard errors. 55 Numbers in A p p e n d ix B. S c o p e and M e th o d of S u rv e y manufacturing operations are performed. An establishment is not necessarily identical with a company, which may consist of one establishment or more. Scope of survey The survey included establishments en gaged p r i m a r i l y in manufacturing men’s, youths1, and boys1 shirts (including polo and sport shirts, but excluding work shirts), col lars, and nightwear (Industry 2321 as defined in the 1967 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, prepared by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget). Knitting mills manufacturing polo or sport shirts from fabric produced in the same establishment and separate auxiliary units such as central offices were excluded. Establishments studied w e r e selected from those employing 20 workers or more at the time of reference of the data used in com piling the universe lists. Table B - l shows the number of establishments and workers es timated to be within the scope of the survey, as well as the number actually studied by the Bureau. Employment Estimates of th e number of workers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition of the industry’s labor force, rather than as precise measures of employment. Production workers The t e r m s ’’production w orkers” and ’’production and related workers, ” used inter changeably in this bulletin, include working supervisors and all non supervisory workers engaged in nonoffice activities. Administra tive, executive, professional, and technical personnel, and force-account construction em ployees, who are used as a separate work force on th e firm ’s own properties, are excluded. Products Occupations selected for study Classification of establishments by pro duct was based on the principal type of garment manufactured. For example, if 40 percent of the total value of an establish ment’s production was dress shirts, 30 p er cent was sport shirts, and 30 percent was nightwear, all workers in that establishment were considered as producing dress shirts. Occupational classification was b a s e d on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of interestablishment and interarea variations in duties within the same job. (See appendix C for these descriptions.) The criteria for selection of the occupations were: The number of workers in the occu pation; the usefulness of the data in collective bargaining; and appropriate representation of the entire job scale in the industry. W ork ing supervisors, apprentices, learners, be ginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers were not reported in the data for selected occu pations but were included in the data for all production workers. Method of study Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s field staff to a representative sample of establishments within the scope of the survey. To obtain appropriate accuracy at a minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied. In combining th e data, however, all establishments were given an appropriate weight. A ll estimates (except minimum job rates) are presented, therefore, as relating to all establishments in the industry, exclud ing only those below the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe data. Wage data Establishment definition An establishment is defined f o r this% study as a single physical location where 56 Information on wages relates to straighttime h o u r l y earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on week ends, holidays, an d late shifts. Incentive payments, such as those resulting from piece work or production bonus systems, and costof-living bonuses were included as part of the w ork ers’ regular pay. Nonproduction bonus payments, such as Christmas or yearend bonuses, were excluded. Table B-1. Estimated number of establishm ents and workers w ithin scope of survey, and number studied in the men's and boys' shirts (except work shirts) and nightwear manufacturing industry, June 1974 W o rk e rs in establishm ents Nu m ber of establish m ents 1 2 R egion s, States, and A r e a s 1 United States 4 _______________________________ N ew E n g la n d ______________________________________ M iddle A tla n tic ____________________________________ New Y o r k ------------------------------------------------N ew York , N . Y _____________________________ P en n sylva n ia ___________________________________ Allen tow n —Bethlehem—Easton, P a ,—N, J ____________________________________ P o tts v ille —Shamokin, P a ----------------------B o rd er S ta tes _____________________________________ V i r g i n i a ________________________________________ Southeast-----------------------------------------------------A la b a m a --------------------------------------------------G e o r g ia _________________________________________ M is s is s ip p i____________________________________ N orth C a r o lin a ________________________________ South C a rolin a ________________________________ T en n essee ------------ --------------------------------S ou th w est-------------------------------------- ------------A rk a n s a s -------------------------------------------------G reat L a k e s _______________________________________ M iddle W e s t _______________________________________ P a c i f i c _____________________________________________ L o s A n g eles—Long Beach, C a l i f _____________ W ithin scope o f study 463 A ctu a lly studied 243 15 105 37 30, 56 12 56 17 11 31 11 8 37 15 235 39 35 30 46 25 47 23 17 6 9 30 28 9 7 25 10 104 16 17 13 19 11 25 14 11 6 7 16 14 W ithin scope of study A ctu a lly studied P rodu ction w o rk ers T o ta l 97, 537 89, 721 61,640 3, 15, 3, 1, 10, 3, 13, 2, 1, 9, 172 081 390 292 839 3, 526 10, 004 2, 552 922 6,675 1, 588 1, 842 7, 275 3, 037 56, 111 10, 341 10, 683 6, 559 8, 189 5, 952 13, 334 4, 143 3, 333 1,458 1, 294 2, 696 2, 333 1,619 1, 760 5, 080 2, 194 33, 830 5,489 6, 774 3,413 4, 726 3,699 9, 488 3, 590 3, 146 1, 605 1,228 2,241 1, 860 T o t a l3 658 059 293 629 782 1, 771 1, 999 7, 825 3, 291 59, 855 10, 806 11, 419 6, 970 8, 728 6, 366 14,480 4, 518 3, 630 1, 605 1, 352 3, 129 2, 748 1 The regio n s used in this study include: N ew England— Connecticut, M aine, M assach u setts, N ew H a m psh ire, Rhode Island, and V erm ont; M iddle A tlan tic— N ew J ersey, N ew Y o rk , and P en n sylvan ia; B o rd er S tates— D ela w a re, D is t r ic t o f Colum bia, Kentucky, M aryland, V irg in ia , and W est V irg in ia ; Southeast— A labam a, F lo rid a , G eo rg ia , M is s is s ip p i, N orth C a rolin a , South C a rolin a , and T en n essee; Southwest— A rkan sas, L ou isian a, Oklahom a, and T ex a s; G reat L a k e s — Illin o is , Indiana, M ich igan , M innesota, Ohio, and W isconsin ; M iddle W e s t— Iow a, K an sas, M iss o u ri, N ebraska, N orth Dakota, and South D akota; and P a c ific — C a lifo rn ia , Nevada, O regon, and Washington, F o r definitions o f a rea s, see footnote 1, tables 26—29, in clu sive. 2 Includes only establishm ents w ith 20 w o r k e r s o r m o re at the tim e o f r e fe re n c e o f the u n iv erse data, 3 Includes execu tive, p ro fe s s io n a l, o ffic e , and oth er w o rk e rs in addition to the production w o r k e r c a te g o ry shown s e p a ra te ly. 4 Includes data fo r the Mountain regio n in addition to those shown s e p a ra te ly, A la sk a and H a w aii w e re not included in the study. Average (mean) hourly rates or earn ings for e a c h occupation or category of workers, such as production workers, were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving the rate, totaling, and dividing by the num ber of individuals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were obtained by dividing straight-time salary by normal (or standard) hours to which the salary corresponds. for special reasons, but such payments are exceptions. Range-of-rate plans are those in which the minimum, maximum, or both of these rates paid experienced workers for the same job are specified. Specific rates of individual workers within the range may be determined by merit, length of service, or a combination of these. Incentive workers are classified under piecework or bonus plans. Piecework is work for which a predetermined rate is paid for each unit of output. P r o duction bonuses are for production in excess of a quota or for completion of a task in less than standard time. Size of community Tabulations by size of community p e r tain to m e t r o p o l i t a n and nonmetropolitan areas. The term ’’metropolitan a r e a s ,” as used in this bulletin, refers to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through April 1973. Minimum job rates Minimum job rates are the lowest fo r mal rates established for experienced time rated workers employed as cutters or sewingmachine operators. Excluded are incentive paid workers and hourly-rated learners who eventually will be on an incentive basis. Except in New England, a S t a n d a r d Metropolitan Statistical A rea is defined as a county or group of contiguous counties which contains at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more. Counties contiguous to the one containing such a city a r e included in a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area if, ac cording to certain criteria, they are essen tially metropolitan in character and are so cially and economically integrated with the central city. In New England, where the city and town are administratively more important than the county, they are the units used in defining Standard Metropolitan Statistical A re a s . Scheduled weekly hours Data on weekly hours refer to the p re dominant work schedule for full-time pro duction workers employed on the day shift. Shift provisions and practices Shift provisions relate to the policies of establishments either currently operating late shifts or having formal provisions cover ing late-shift work. Practices relate to work ers employed on late shifts at the time of the survey. Labor-management agreements Separate wage data are presented, where possible, for establishments that had (1) a majority of the production workers covered by labor-management contracts, and (2) none or a minority of the production workers covered by labor-management contracts. Supplementary benefits Supplementary benefits in an establish ment were considered applicable to all pro duction workers if they applied to half or more of such workers in the establishment. Similarly, if fewer than half of the workers were covered, the benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because of length-of-service and other eligibility re quirements, the proportion of workers re ceiving the benefits may be sm aller than estimated. Method of wage payment Tabulations by method of w a g e pay ment relate to the number of workers paid under the various time and incentive wage systems. Formal rate structures for time rated workers provide single rates or a range of rates for individual job categories. In the absence of a formal rate structure, pay rates are determined prim arily by the qualifications of the individual worker. A single rate structure is one in which the same rate is paid to all experienced workers in the same job classification. Learners, appren tices, or probationary workers may be paid according to rate schedules which start below the single rate and permit the workers to achieve the full job rate over a period of time. An experienced worker occasionally may be paid above or below the single rate Paid holidays. Paid holiday provisions relate to full-day and half-day holidays provided annually. Paid vacations. The summary of vacation plans is limited to formal arrangements and excludes informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the em ployer or supervisor. Payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 week's pay. 58 The periods of service f o r w h i c h data are presented represent the most common practices, but they do not necessarily re flect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes in pro portions indicated at 10 years of service may include changes which occurred between 5 and 10 years. upon the expiration of sick leave, sickness and accident insurance, or both, or after a predetermined period of disability (typically 6 months). Payments are made until the end of disability, a maximum age, or eligibility for retirement benefits. Payments may be full or partial, but are almost always reduced by social security, worker's compensation, and private pension benefits payable to the disabled employee. Medical insurance refers to plans pro viding for complete or partial payment of doctors' fees. Such plans may be under written by a commercial insurance company or a nonprofit organization, or they may be a form of self-insurance. Major medical insurance, sometimes re ferred to as extended medical or catastrophe insurance, includes plans designed to cover employees for sickness or injury involving an expense which exceeds the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans, Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to plans which provide regular pay ments for the remainder of the retiree's life. Data are presented separately for retirement severance pay (one payment or several over a specified period of time) made to employees on retirement. Establishments providing both retirement severance payments and retire ment pensions to employees were considered as having both retirement pensions and re tirement severance plans; however, estab lishments having optional p l a n s providing employees a choice of either retirement sev erance payments or pensions were considered as having only retirement pension benefits. Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Data are presented for health, insurance, pension, and retirement severance plans for which the employer pays all or a part of the cost, excluding programs required by law such as worker's compensation and social security. Among plans included are those underwritten by a commercial insurance company and those paid directly by the employer from his cur rent operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insurance. Sickness and accident in surance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash payments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. Information is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes at least a part of the cost. However, in New York and New Jersey, where temporary disability insurance laws require employer contributions,1 plans are included only if the employer (1) contributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employees with benefits which exceed the requirements of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker's pay during absence from work because of illness; informal arrangements have been omitted. Separate tabulations are provided for (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans providing either partial pay or a waiting period. Long-term disability insurance plans pro vide payments to totally disabled employees Paid funeral and jury-duty leave. Data for paid funeral and jury duty leave relate to formal plans which provide at least partial payment for time lost as a result of attend ing funerals of specified family members or serving as^ a juror. Technological severance pay. Data relate to formal plans providing for payments to em ployees permanently separated from the com pany because of a technological change or plant closing. 1 The temporary disability insurance laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 59 A p p e n d ix C. O c c u p a tio n a l D e sc rip tio n s The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this e m p h a s i s on inter establishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field staff are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, b e g i n n e r s , trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. Cutting room Cutter, machine Operates or guides the moving knife or blade of a powered cutting machine along a pattern outline to cut out articles from single or multiple layers of fabric. In addition, may spread or lay up layers of cloth, or may arrange pattern on material and outline with chalk. Assembler (Garment bundler, assorter, fitter) Gathers garment parts after they are cut and assembles or groups them into bundles or batches for distribution to sewing units. May match pieces by color, size, and design and place an identifying ticket or number in each bundle or on each piece. May mark location for buttons and buttonholes and may cut small parts. Workers assembling cloth before it is cut and folders at the end of the production process assembling completed p i e c e s just before packaging are excluded. Marker Arranges garment patterns on cloth or knitted material in such a manner as to mini mize waste when material is cut. Work in cludes tracing outline of pattern on material with chalk, soap, or crayon, and marking design number and size within outline. May arrange pattern on paper to produce marker which serves as a cutting outline. Workers engaged in simple tracing (trac ers) around patterns laid out on the material by others and those who lay out patterns according to prepared diagrams are excluded. Clicker-machine operator (Beam machine operator; clicker; clicker operator; die-cutting machine operator; diepress operator; power-press operator) Spreader Spreads (lays-up) multiple layers of cloth smoothly and evenly one upon the other on a cutting table by hand or with the aid of a spreading machine. Cuts each ply to length from the bolt of material. Operates a clicker or die-cutting machine to cut or stamp small pieces of various shapes from knitted materials, cloth, cardboard, and other l i g h t materials. Work involves the following; Turning crank to adjust distance between power hammer and bed of machine; laying material on bed of machine; setting and holding die on material and centering it under hammer or clamping die to ram; shifting lever that trips hammer, causing it to de scend and cut out piece of material; feeding material under ram so as to obtain the largest number of cuts of material and repeating operation. Sewing department Collar pointer (Block tipper) Operates a collar-pointing machine to shape and press the points at the front of collars. Work involves the following: Inser ting die into unfinished collar and placing 60 Sewing-machine operators primarily en gaged in repairing garments (see garment repairman) and loaders or tenders of auto matic sewing machines (see loader, machine) are excluded from the classification listed above. collar and die on buck (lower jaw) of press; actuating controls to close and open press; removing collar from machine and pulling collar from die. Collar top trimmer Underpresser (F o re p resse r, parts presser) Operates a collar-trimming machine to trim neckband edges of collar after they have been sewed. Work involves the following: Placing collars, which are inside out, in position under knife on machine; actuating controls that cause knife to descend and shear away excess material. Uses a hand iron, machine iron, or a powered press to press garment parts such as pockets, seams, shoulders, et c . during the fabricating process. Workers should be classified according to the type of pressing equipment used: Underpresser, hand Underpresser, machine Inspector, intermediate (Inspector of parts) Finishing department Examines and inspects garment parts such as collars, cuffs, facing on sleeves, and pockets prior to or during process of a s sembly of garment. Work involves deter mining whether parts of garments conform to shop standards of quality. Baggers and boxers Places garments in bags (cellophane) and boxes for shipment. Frequently one worker places garment in bag and another puts the bagged garments in boxes. Both are included in the classification. Loader, machine Folder, (Automatic sewing-machine o p e r a t o r , automatic sewing-machine tender) garments Folds completed garments for shipment either by hand or by a folding machine. May fold garments around cardboard forms or insert tissue paper between folds; may also pin folds in garments. For wage survey pur poses, garment folders a r e classified as follows: Tends a machine, or a group of machines, that automatically joins or attaches parts of garments and sews them together. Work in volves: Stacking parts of garments to be joined and sewn (e.g., pockets to shirt fronts) into feeder trays on the machine; starting machine; observing machine as it joins and sews the parts automatically. Exclude operators of standard or special purpose sewing machines that require guid ance from the operator. (See sewing-machine operator.) Folder, garments, hand Folder, garments, machine Folder, garments, hand and machine Garment repairman (Match-up girl, mender) Operates sewing machine to repair dam aged or defective garments. Examines repair tags and matchings on garments to locate defects or damage, such as irregular stitches and torn or snagged parts. Cuts and pulls seam threads to remove defective or damaged parts, using scissors or knife. Joins replace ment parts to finished garments or resews defective seams. Sewing-machine operator Uses a standard or special-purpose sew ing machine to perform the sewing operations required in making parts of garments, in join ing various sections together, in attaching pre viously completed parts to partially completed garments or in sewing on buttons or sewing buttonholes. May make complete garments. For wage study purposes, operators are classified according to the principal garment they work on: Sewing-machine Sewing-machine Sewing-machine Sewing-machine operator, operator, operator, operator, Inspector, final (inspect only) Examines and inspects completed g a r ments prior to pressing or shipping. Work involves determining whether the garments conform to shop standards of quality, and marking defects such as dropped stitches, bad dress shirts nightwear sport shirts other 61 polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; p r o viding supplies and minor maintenance s e r vices; cleaning lavatories, showers, and rest rooms. seams, etc. In many s h o p s manufacturing inexpensive garments, there will be no in spectors falling within this classification; in such shops, inspection is usually carried on together with thread trimming— see inspector, final (and thread trimmer). Repairman, sewing machine Inspector, final (and thread trimmer) Adjusts and repairs sewing machines used in the establishment. Work involves most of the following; Examining machines faulty in operation to diagnose source of trouble; d is mantling or partly dismantling machines, r e placing broken or worn out parts or perform ing other repairs, and reassembling machines; adjusting machines to function efficiently by turning adjustment screws and nuts; regulating length of stroke of needle, and horizontal movement feeding mechanism under needle; replacing or repairing transmission belts; preparing specifications for major repairs and initiating orders for replacement parts; using a variety of handtools in fitting and replacing parts. Primarily responsible for inspection of completed garments prior to pressing or shipping but also trims threads incidental to inspection operation. Work involves primarily determining whether the garments conform to shop standards of quality and marking defects such as dropped stitches, bad seams, etc. Presser, finish (O ff-p resser, over -p r e s s e r , top-presser) Performs final pressing operations on garments or garment parts by means of a hand pressing iron and/or powered press, mangle, or power press equipped with steam jets. For wage study purposes, pressers are classified by type of pressing equipment, as follows: Shipping clerk P resser, finish, hand P resser, finish, machine P resser, finish, hand and machine Prepares m e r c h a n d i s e for shipment. Duties usually involve a knowledge of shipping procedures and practices, routes, rates, and available means of transportation. Prepares records of goods shipped, makes up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges. Keeps a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in p r e p a r i n g merchandise for shipment. Workers a r e classified as "pressers, hand and machine” when sizable proportions of their work are performed by each of the two methods. Otherwise, th e predominant type of pressing is the determining factor in classification. Thread trimmer Stock clerk (Cleaner) (Supply clerk) Trims loose thread ends, basting threads, and seam edges of garments with scissors or machines prior to pressing or packing. Workers whose primary responsibility is the inspection of garments but who also trim threads incidental to the inspection operation are to be classified as inspector, final (and thread trimmers). Receives, stores, and issues equipment, material, merchandise, or tools in a stockroom or storeroom. Work involves: Checking incoming order against items as listed on req uisitions or invoices, and counting, grading, or weighing the articles. Excluded a r e stockroom laborers and employees who supervise stock clerks and laborers. Miscellaneous Janitor Work distributor Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following; Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other r e fuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; (Bundle boy) Carries or trucks garments in various stages of completion to the worker who is to perform the next operation on garment. May exercise some discretion in distribution of work, but has no supervisory responsibilities. 62 ☆ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1976 0 - 210-882 (124) BUREAU O F LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES Region V Region I 1603 J F K Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: (617) 223-6761 9th Floor Federal Office Building 230 S. Dearborn Street Chicago , III. 60604 Phone: (312) 353-1880 Region II Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York. N.Y. 10036 Phone: (212) 399-5405 Region II I Second Floor 555 G riffin Square Building Dallas, Tex. 75202 Phone: (214) 749-3516 Regions V I I and V I I I * 911 Walnut Street Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: (816) 374-2481 3535 Market Street P.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: (215) 596-1154 Regions IX and X * * Region IV 1371 Peachtree Street, NE. Atlanta, Ga. 30309 Phone: (404) 526-5418 Region V I 450 Golden Gate Avenue Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone: (415) 556-4678 * Regions VII and VIII are serviced by Kansas City ** Regions IX and X are serviced by San Francisco U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Lab-441