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INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Flour and Other Grain Mill Products I FEBRUARY 1967 Bulletin No. 1576 y UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR nsrj BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS INDUSTRY WAGE SURVEY Flour and Other Grain Mill Products FEBRUARY 1967 Bulletin No. 1576 November 1967 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U .S . Government Printing Office W ashington, D .C ., 20402 - Price 25 cents VS I Preface T h is b u lle tin s u m m a r i z e s the r e s u l t s o f a B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t ic s s u r v e y of w a g e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e fit s in the f l o u r and oth er g r a in m i l l p r o d u c t s in d u s tr y in F e b r u a r y 1967. S e p a r a te r e l e a s e s f o r B u ffa lo and K a n s a s C ity w e r e i s s u e d w ith in a few m o n th s of the p a y r o l l p e r i o d stu d ie d . C o p i e s of th e s e r e l e a s e s a r e a v a il a b le f r o m the B u r e a u ^ r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s o r f r o m the B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s , W a sh in g ton , D . C . , Z0Z1Z. T h is study w a s c o n d u c t e d in the B u r e a u ' s O f f i c e o f W a g e s and In d u s tria l R e la t i o n s by the D i v is i o n o f O c c u p a tio n a l P a y . T he a n a l y s i s w a s p r e p a r e d b y E d w a r d J. C a ra m ela . F i e l d w o r k f o r the s u r v e y w a s d i r e c t e d by the B u r e a u 's A s s i s t a n t R e g i o n a l D i r e c t o r s , D i v i s i o n o f O p era tion s. O ther r e p o r t s a v a il a b le f r o m the B u r e a u ’ s p r o g r a m o f in d u s tr y w a g e s t u d ie s , as w e l l as the a d d r e s s e s o f the B u r e a u ’ s s i x r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s , a r e l i s t e d at the end of this b u lle tin . Contents Page S u m m a r y --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I n d u s t r y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s __________________________________________________________________ A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s __________________________________________________________________ O c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s _____________________________________________________________________ E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s ------------------------------S c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S h ift p r o v i s i o n s and p r a c t i c e s _______________________________________________________ P a i d h o l i d a y s ______________________________________________ P a i d v a c a t i o n s __________________________________________________________________________ H e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s _________________________________________ O t h e r s e l e c t e d b e n e f i t s ________________________________________________________________ 1 1 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 T a b les: A v e r a g e h o u rly ea rn in gs: 1. B y s e l e c t e d c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 E a rn in g s d istrib u tion : 2. A l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 A l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B y s i z e o f c o m m u n i t y _________________________________________________________ B y s i z e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 0 ^0 3. 4. 5. 00 O ccu pational a v e ra g e s : O ccu p a tion a l ea rn in g s: 6. 7. B u f f a l o , N. Y _________________________________________________________________ . . . K a n s a s C i t y , M o . —K a n s --------------- 11 12 E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s : 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. M e t h o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t ______________________________________________________ S c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s _______________________________________________________ S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l p r o v i s i o n s --------------------------------------------------------------------------S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l p r a c t i c e s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------P a i d h o l i d a y s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P a i d v a c a t i o n s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _---------H e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s -------------------------------------------------O t h e r s e l e c t e d b e n e f i t s ________________________________________________________ 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 21 A p p en d ix es: A. B. S c o p e and m e t h o d o f s u r v e y -------------------------------------------------------------------------------O c c u p a t i o n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ iv 23 27 Industry Wage Survey--Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, February 1967 Sum m ary S t r a i g h t - t i m e e a r n i n g s o f p r o d u c t i o n an d r e l a t e d w o r k e r s o t h e r g r a i n m i l l p r o d u c t s i n d u s t r y a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 5 6 an h o u r in N e a r l y a l l o f the w o r k e r s w e r e m e n . E a r n in g s o f a ll but about 12, 565 w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y the s u r v e y 1 w e r e w i t h in a r a n g e o f an h o u r — the m i d d l e h a l f o f the w o r k e r s e a r n i n g f r o m $ 2 . 2 8 to in the f l o u r and F e b r u a r y 1967. 2 p e r c e n t o f the $ 1 . 4 0 to $ 3 . 50 $ 2 .9 5 . R e g i o n a l l y , 2 a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s r a n g e d f r o m $ 1. 7 4 an h o u r in the S o u t h e a s t to $ 2 . 9 9 in the M i d d l e A t l a n t i c a n d P a c i f i c . E a rn in gs a lso v a r ie d by siz e of c o m m u n i t y , s i z e o f m i l l , and o c c u p a t i o n . A m o n g the o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d i e d s e p a r a t e l y , a v e r a g e s r a n g e d f r o m $ 2 . 3 3 an h o u r f o r f e e d p a c k e r s to $ 3 . 3 9 f o r m i l l w r i g h t s . M a t e r i a l h a n d l in g l a b o r e r s , n u m e r i c a l l y the m o s t i m p o r t a n t j o b s t u d ie d , a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 3 9 . P a i d h o l i d a y s and p a i d v a c a t i o n s , a s w e l l a s v a r i o u s t y p e s o f h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , and r e t i r e m e n t b e n e f i t s , w e r e p r o v i d e d b y e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g a l a r g e m a j o r i t y o f the w o r k e r s . Industry C h a r a c t e r is t i c s M i l l s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g w h e a t f l o u r ( e x c e p t b l e n d e d and p r e p a r e d ) e m p l o y e d t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f the 12, 565 p r o d u c t i o n and r e l a t e d w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y the s u r v e y . O n e - t e n t h o f the w o r k e r s w e r e in m i l l s m a n u f a c t u r i n g p r e p a r e d f l o u r and f l o u r m i x e s , and a s i m i l a r p r o p o r t i o n w e r e in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s m a k in g c o r n m e a l. E m p l o y m e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n and r e l a t e d w o r k e r s in F e b r u a r y 1967 w a s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 20 p e r c e n t b e l o w the l e v e l r e c o r d e d in N o v e m b e r 1961 w h e n a s i m i l a r s u r v e y w a s c o n d u c t e d b y the B u r e a u . 3 The d e c li n e r e s u lt e d f r o m a r e d u c t i o n in the n u m b e r o f m i l l s c o v e r e d b y the tw o s t u d i e s ( f r o m 235 in 1961 to 198 in 196 7 ), a s w e l l a s d e c r e a s e s in e m p l o y m e n t w i th in m a n y m i l l s . The n u m b e r o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in the 100 m i l l s c o m m o n to b o t h s u r v e y s a m p l e s d r o p p e d a b o u t 11 p e r c e n t d u r i n g th is p e r i o d . O utput p e r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r m a n - h o u r in the i n d u s t r y i n c r e a s e d 27 p e r c e n t b e t w e e n 1961 and 196 5, the l a t e s t d a ta f o r w h i c h i n f o r m a t i o n is a v a i l a b l e . 4 T h i s i n c r e a s e w a s a c c o m p a n i e d b y a d e c l i n e o f 23 p e r c e n t in t o t a l p r o d u c t i o n w ork er m a n -h ou rs, w h i l e o u tp u t h a s re m a in e d r e la t iv e ly stable. E lectron ic i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n , a i r c o n v e y o r s y s t e m s , a u t o m a t i c l o a d e r s and p a c k e r s , an d the i n d u s t r y 1s t r e n d t o w a r d s c o n c e n t r a t i n g o u tp u t in the m o r e e f f i c i e n t m i l l s a r e a m o n g the f a c t o r s c o n t r i b u t i n g to the i n c r e a s e d p r o d u c t i v i t y . T he i n d u s t r y h a s i n v e s t e d a b o u t $ 1 1 5 m i l l i o n in n e w p l a n t s and e q u i p m e n t b e t w e e n 1961 and 1 9 6 5 . 5 1 See appendix A for scope and method of study. 2 For definition of regions used in this survey, see table in appendix A . 3 For an account of the earlier survey, see Industry W age Survey: 1961, BLS Bulletin 1337 (1962). 4 See Indexes of Output Per Man-Hour Selected 3 U .S . Industries Flour and Other Grain M ill Products, Novem ber 1939 and 1947— 6 6 , Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufactures, 1963 Industry Statistics: and the Annual Survey of Manufactures, 196 5 , M 65 ( A S ) - l . BLS Bulletin 1572 (1967). Grain M ills , M C 63, ( 2 ) -2 0 D , 2 P e r ca p ita c o n s u m p tio n o f wheat fl o u r (w h ich a c c o u n t s f o r a la r g e m a j o r i t y o f the i n d u s t r y ’ s p r o d u c t i o n ) in the N a t io n w a s 114 p o u n d s 6 in 1966, c o m p a r e d w ith 118 p o u n d s in 1961 and the p e a k o f 22 5 p o u n d s r e a c h e d at the t u r n o f the c e n t u r y . 7 T h i s d o w n w a r d t r e n d in c i v i l i a n p e r c a p i t a c o n s u m p t i o n h a s p a r t i a l l y o f f s e t the i n c r e a s e in the t o t a l c o n s u m p t i o n o f w h e a t f l o u r that w o u l d be e x p e c te d as p op u la tion in c r e a s e s . O v e r the y e a r s , the q u a n t it y o f f l o u r u s e d b y b a k e r s h a s b e e n i n c r e a s i n g c o n t i n u a l l y , w h i le f l o u r u s e d f o r f a m i l y c o n s u m p t i o n stea d ily d e c lin e d . W h e a t f l o u r is p r o d u c e d b y g r i n d i n g the e n d o s p e r m , w h i c h c o n s t i t u t e s a b o u t f o u r - f i f t h s o f the w h e a t b e r r y . T he o u t e r c o a t o f b r a n and the i n n e r w h e a t g e r m a r e s e p a r a t e d f r o m the e n d o s p e r m b y g r i n d i n g and s i f t i n g . A fte r bein g c l e a n e d and t e m p e r e d b y a d d in g w a t e r , the w h o l e g r a i n is p a s s e d t h r o u g h tw o types of r o l l e r s . T he b r e a k r o l l s c r u s h the g r a i n in to p a r t i c l e s o f b r a n and e n d o s p e r m and a s m a l l a m o u n t o f f l o u r . T he f l o u r s i f t s in to b i n s , and the p a r t i c l e s o f e n d o s p e r m a r e se n t t h r o u g h r e d u c t i o n r o l l s . S e v e ra l sets o f re d u ctio n r o l l s a r e u s e d and a f t e r e a c h g r i n d i n g , the r e s u l t i n g m a t e r i a l i s s i f t e d . T y p ica lly , the c o m p l e t e m i l l i n g p r o c e s s r e q u i r e s l e s s than 30 m i n u t e s . T he G r e a t L a k e s r e g i o n a c c o u n t e d f o r o n e - t h i r d o f the i n d u s t r y ' s w o r k f o r c e , w h i le o n e - f i f t h w a s in the M i d d l e W e s t . T he M i d d l e A t l a n t i c , S o u t h e a s t , S o u t h w e s t , and P a c i f i c r e g i o n s e a c h a c c o u n t e d f o r a b o u t a tenth o f the p r o d u c t i o n w orkers. A b o u t t w o - t h i r d s o f the w o r k e r s w e r e in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s , 8 i n c l u d i n g B u f f a l o and K a n s a s C i t y f o r w h i c h s e p a r a t e d a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d . T he p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s r a n g e d f r o m a b o u t o n e - h a l f in the M i d d l e W e s t to m o r e than n i n e - t e n t h s in the M i d d l e A t l a n t i c . F l o u r and o t h e r g r a i n m i l l s a r e r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l o p e r a t i o n s in t e r m s o f em ploym en t. O n l y e i g h t o f the 198 e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c o v e r e d b y the s u r v e y h a d as m a n y a s 250 e m p l o y e e s . A p p r o x i m a t e l y t w o - f i f t h s o f the e m p l o y e e s w e r e in m i l l s h a v i n g f e w e r than 100 w o r k e r s , and a s i m i l a r p r o p o r t i o n w e r e in m i l l s e m p l o y i n g f r o m 100 to 2 4 9 w o r k e r s . E sta b lish m e n ts h a v i n g c o lle c tiv e b a rg a in in g a g r e e m e n t s cov erin g a m a j o r i t y o f t h e i r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d n e a r l y f o u r - f i f t h s o f the p r o d u c t i o n w ork fo rce . S u ch e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a c c o u n t e d f o r a p p r o x i m a t e l y s e v e n - e i g h t h s o f the w o r k e r s in the G r e a t L a k e s , M i d d l e A t la n t i c , M i d d l e W e s t , M o u n t a in , and P a c i f i c r e g i o n s ; a b o u t o n e - h a l f in the S o u t h w e s t and t h r e e - e i g h t h s in the S o u t h e a s t . The e x t e n t o f a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e w a s h i g h e r in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g 100 w o r k e r s o r m o r e than in the s m a l l e r m i l l s ( n i n e - t e n t h s and s i x - t e n t h s , r e s p e c t i v e l y ) and h i g h e r in m e t r o p o l i t a n than in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ( e i g h t - t e n t h s c o m p a r e d to fo u r-te n th s). A l l w o r k e r s in B u f f a l o and K a n s a s C it y w e r e in m i l l s o p e r a t i n g u n d e r union a g r e e m e n t s . T he A m e r i c a n F e d e r a t i o n o f G r a i n M i l l e r s i s the m a j o r u n i o n in the i n d u s t r y . V i r t u a l l y a ll o f the w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y the stu d y w e r e p a i d t i m e r a t e s , ty p ic a lly u nd er f o r m a l s y s t e m s p ro v id in g sin g le ra te s fo r s p e c if ie d o c c u p a tio n s ( t a b l e 8). S l i g h t l y m o r e than o n e - t e n t h o f the w o r k e r s w e r e p a i d r a t e s b a s e d on the q u a l i f i c a t i o n s o f the i n d i v i d u a l e m p l o y e e ; th is p r a c t i c e w a s m o r e p r e v a l e n t in the S o u t h e a s t th an in the o t h e r r e g i o n s . 1967, 6 Preliminary estimate by the U. S. p. 20. Department of Agriculture, National Food Situation (N F S -120), 7 The Northwestern M ille r, Minneapolis, Minn. , August 7, 1961, p. 23. 8 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U .S . Bureau of the Budget through M ay 15, March 1965. 3 A verage H ou rly E arnings S t r a i g h t - t i m e e a r n i n g s o f the 1Z, 565 p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y the s u r v e y a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 5 6 an h o u r in F e b r u a r y 1967 9 ( t a b l e 1). A ccou n tin g fo r s l i g h t l y m o r e than o n e - h a l f o f the i n d u s t r y ' s e m p l o y m e n t , w o r k e r s in the G r e a t L a k e s and M i d d l e W e s t r e g i o n s a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 7 7 and $ 2 . 6 0 , r e s p e c t i v e l y . A v e r a g e s in th e r e m a i n i n g r e g i o n s r a n g e d f r o m $ 1 . 7 4 in the S o u t h e a s t to $ 2 . 9 9 in the M i d d l e A t l a n t i c and P a c i f i c . T he n a t i o n w i d e a v e r a g e ( $ 2 . 56) f o r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in F e b r u a r y 1967 w a s 15 p e r c e n t a b o v e the a v e r a g e r e c o r d e d in the B u r e a u ' s N o v e m b e r 1961 s u r v e y ( $ 2 . 2 2 ) . 10 A v e r a g e e a r n i n g s d u r i n g the p e r i o d r o s e 21 p e r c e n t in the G r e a t L a k e s and 15 p e r c e n t in the M i d d l e W e s t . T he l a r g e s t w a g e r i s e a m o n g the r e g i o n s (2 6 p e r c e n t ) w a s in the S o u t h e a s t , w h e r e i n c r e a s e s in the F e d e r a l m i n i m u m w a g e b e t w e e n the 1961 and 1967 s u r v e y s a p p e a r to h a v e h a d t h e i r g r e a t e s t i m p a c t ; 11 th e s m a l l e s t r i s e (2 p e r c e n t ) w a s in the S o u t h w e s t . A fe w re la tiv e ly h ig h -p a y in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s in the S o u t h w e s t h a v e c e a s e d f l o u r m i l l i n g o p e r a t i o n s s in c e N o v e m b e r 1961. The e l i m i n a t i o n o f d a t a f o r t h e s e m i l l s f r o m the 1961 s u r v e y w o u l d h a v e r e d u c e d the p r o d u c t i o n - w o r k e r a v e r a g e in the r e g i o n b y a b o u t 7 c e n t s an h o u r — f r o m $ 1 . 9 6 to $ 1 . 8 9 an h o u r . W o r k e r s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 68 an h o u r in F e b r u a r y 1967, c o m p a r e d w ith $ 2 . 3 2 f o r w o r k e r s in s m a l l e r c o m m u n i t i e s . T he a v e r a g e w a g e a d v a n t a g e f o r w o r k e r s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s a m o u n t e d to 35 c e n t s an h o u r in the G r e a t L a k e s , 19 c e n t s in the M i d d l e W e s t , and 13 c e n t s in the S o u t h e a s t . W orkers in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s a v e r a g e d 14 c e n t s m o r e than t h o s e in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s in the S o u t h w e s t , 12 the o n l y o t h e r r e g i o n w h e r e c o m p a r i s o n w a s p o s s i b l e . E a r n i n g s o f w o r k e r s in the tw o a r e a s s t u d i e d s e p a r a t e l y a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 7 9 an h o u r in K a n s a s C i t y and $ 3 . 16 in B u f f a l o . N a t i o n w i d e , w o r k e r s in m i l l s w ith 100 e m p l o y e e s o r m o r e a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 7 7 an h o u r — 49 c e n t s m o r e th an t h o s e in the s m a l l e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . H igher a v e r a g e s f o r w o r k e r s in the l a r g e r m i l l s w e r e n o t e d in a l l r e g i o n s w h e r e c o m p a r i s o n s c o u l d b e m a d e ; the d i f f e r e n c e s r a n g e d f r o m 40 to 45 c e n t s in the G r e a t L a k e s , S o u t h e a s t , and S o u t h w e s t r e g i o n s , and w a s o n l y 9 c e n t s in the M i d d l e W e s t . 9 The straight-tim e average hourly earnings in this bulletin differ in concept from the gross average hourly earnings published in the Bureau's monthly hours and earnings series ($ 2 . 82 in February 1967). Unlike the latter, the estimates presented here exclude premium pay for overtim e, and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Average earnings were calculated by summing individual hourly earnings and dividing by the number of individuals; in the monthly series, the sum of the man-hour totals reported by establishments in the industry was divided into the reported payroll totals. The estimate of the number of production workers within scope of the study is intended only as a general guide to the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. It differs from the number published in the monthly series ( 2 1 ,0 0 0 in February 1967) by the exclusion of establishments em ploying fewer than 20 workers, and by the fact that the advance planning necessary to make the survey required the use of lists of establishments assembled considerably in advance of data collection. Thus, establishments new to the industry are om itted, as are establishments originally classified in the flour and other grain m ills industry but found to be in other industries at the tim e of the survey. Also om itted are m ills classified incorrectly in other industries at the time the lists were com piled. 10 Footnote 3, op. cit. 11 The Federal m inim um wage for workers in manufacturing establishments engaged in interstate com m erce was $ 1 .1 5 an hour in Novem ber 1961. It was raised to $ 1 .2 5 on Sept. 1, 1963, to $ 1 .4 0 on Feb. 1, 1967, and w ill go to $ 1 .6 0 on Feb. 1, 1968. According to the Novem ber 1961 survey, about three-fifths of the workers in the Southeast earned less than $ 1 .2 5 an hour, and nearly seven-tenths earned less than $ 1 .4 0 . Fewer than one-eighth of the workers earned less than $ 1 .4 0 in each of the other regions except the Border States, which had insufficient data to warrant presentation in the current survey. 12 In the 1961 study, workers in metropolitan areas in this region had the higher average by 22 cents. The reversal in the more recent survey was caused m ainly by two factors. First, as mentioned earlier, a few relatively high-paying establishments in metropolitan areas ceased operations since 1961. Second, several relatively low -paying m ills, previously in nonmetropolitan areas, are now included in metropolitan areas due to expansion in SMSA definitions over the past 6 years. 4 I n d i v i d u a l e a r n i n g s o f a ll but a b o u t 2 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w e r e w i t h in a r a n g e o f $ 1 . 4 0 to $ 3 . 50 an h o u r ; e a r n i n g s o f the m i d d l e h a l f w e r e b e t w e e n $ 2 . 2 8 and $ 2 . 9 5 ( t a b l e 2). T h e 1a r g e s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f w o r k e r s at the l o w e r e n d o f th e e a r n i n g s a r r a y w e r e in the S o u t h e a s t and S o u t h w e s t r e g i o n s , w h e r e o n e - h a l f and t h r e e - t e n t h s , r e s p e c t i v e l y , o f the w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1 . 6 0 an h o u r . 13 O ccu pational E arnings T h e 13 o c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s f o r w h i c h s e p a r a t e e a r n i n g s i n f o r m a t i o n w a s d e v e l o p e d ( t a b l e 3) a c c o u n t e d f o r n e a r l y t h r e e - f i f t h s o f th e i n d u s t r y ' s p rod u ction w o r k e r s . A v e r a g e (m ea n ) h o u rly e a rn in g s fo r th e se jo b s w e r e h ig h est f o r m i l l w r i g h t s ( $ 3 . 3 9 ) f o l l o w e d b y g e n e r a l m e c h a n i c s ( $ 3 . 0 5 ) . M a t e r i a l h a n d l in g l a b o r e r s and j a n i t o r s , t o g e t h e r c o m p r i s i n g n e a r l y a f o u r t h o f the i n d u s t r y ' s w o r k f o r c e , a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 39 and $ 2 . 53 an h o u r , r e s p e c t i v e l y . F lo u r p a c k e r s , another n u m e r i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t j o b , a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 4 3 — 10 c e n t s an h o u r m o r e th a n f e e d p a c k e r s , w h o w e r e l o w e s t p a id a m o n g the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s . R e g i o n a l l y , j o b a v e r a g e s w e r e u s u a l l y h i g h e s t in the M i d d l e A t l a n t i c and l o w e s t in the S o u t h e a s t . O c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s in the G r e a t L a k e s n e a r l y a l w a y s e x c e e d e d t h o s e in the M i d d l e W e s t , w i t h the d i f f e r e n c e s v a r y i n g b y j o b . For e x a m p l e , m a t e r i a l h a n d l in g l a b o r e r s in the G r e a t L a k e s a v e r a g e d o n l y 1 p e r c e n t m o r e th an t h o s e in th e M i d d l e W e s t , w h e r e a s the c o r r e s p o n d i n g d i f f e r e n c e s w e r e 6 p e r c e n t f o r j a n i t o r s and 9 p e r c e n t f o r s e c o n d m i l l e r s . O c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s w e r e h i g h e r in m e t r o p o l i t a n th a n in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ( t a b l e 4) and h i g h e r in m i l l s w i t h 100 w o r k e r s o r m o r e th a n in s m a l l e r m i l l s ( t a b l e 5). T h e s e r e l a t i o n s h i p s h e l d w i t h o u t e x c e p t i o n in the G r e a t L a k e s and M id d le W est r e g io n s . I n d i v i d u a l e a r n i n g s o f w o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g s i m i l a r t a s k s w i t h i n th e s a m e a r e a w e r e u s u a l l y g r o u p e d w i t h in c o m p a r a t i v e l y n a r r o w l i m i t s ( t a b l e s 6 and 7). F o r e x a m p l e , in B u f f a l o , v i r t u a l l y a ll o f the j a n i t o r s e a r n e d b e t w e e n $ 2 . 8 0 and $ 3 an h o u r , and f o u r - f i f t h s o f the f l o u r p a c k e r s and n e a r l y a ll o f the g r a i n e l e v a t o r o p e r a t o r s e a r n e d b e t w e e n $ 3 and $ 3 . 2 0 an h o u r . The w id e sp re a d use o f s i n g l e - r a t e w a g e s y s t e m s , as w e l l a s t h e h i g h p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s c o v e r e d b y c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g a g r e e m e n t s c o n t r i b u t e d s i g n i f i c a n t l y to the n a r r o w r a n g e o f e a r n i n g s f o r w o r k e r s in the s a m e j o b and a r e a . E sta b lish m e n t P ra ctice s and S u p p l e m e n t a r y W age P rov ision s Data a ls o w e r e o b ta in e d on c e r t a i n e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s , in clu d in g s h i f t d i f f e r e n t i a l s f o r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s , and w o r k s c h e d u l e s and s e l e c t e d s u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s , s u c h a s p a id h o l i d a y s , v a c a t i o n s , and v a r i o u s h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , and r e t i r e m e n t p la n s f o r p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s . 14 S ch e d u le d W e e k ly H o u r s . W o r k s c h e d u l e s o f 40 h o u r s a w e e k a p p l i e d to s l i g h t l y m o r e th a n t h r e e - f i f t h s o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ( t a b l e 9 ). A n a d d i t i o n a l o n e - f i f t h w e r e s c h e d u l e d to w o r k 48 h o u r s . W eek ly w o r k sc h e d u le s v a r ie d c o n s i d e r a b l y w i t h in e a c h r e g i o n e x c e p t the P a c i f i c , w h e r e a ll w o r k e r s w e r e in m i l l s op era tin g 4 0 -h o u r sch ed u les. M o s t c o m m o n w o r k s c h e d u l e s w e r e 48 h o u r s a w e e k in the M i d d l e W e s t , 44 h o u r s in the M o u n t a in , and 40 h o u r s in th e o t h e r re g io n s. M o r e th a n f o u r - f i f t h s o f the o f f i c e w o r k e r s w e r e s c h e d u l e d to w o r k 40 h o u r s a w e e k . Footnote 11, op. cit. 14 Data for office workers summarized in this bulletin exclude employees of separate central offices. 5 S h ift P r o v i s i o n s and P r a c t i c e s . M o r e than n i n e - t e n t h s o f th e p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s w e r e in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r l a t e - s h i f t w o r k ( t a b l e 10). O n l y o n e - f o u r t h o f th e w o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , w e r e e m p l o y e d o n la t e s h i f t s at th e t i m e o f th e stu d y ( t a b l e 11). M ost c o m m o n ly , these w o r k e r s r e c e iv e d 10 c e n t s an h o u r m o r e th a n d a y r a t e s f o r s e c o n d - s h i f t w o r k and 1Z c e n t s f o r th ird o r oth er la t e -s h ift w o rk . P a id H o lid a y s . P a i d h o l i d a y s w e r e g r a n t e d t o n e a r l y a ll p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s ( t a b l e 1Z). T h e l a r g e m a j o r i t y o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in 5 o f the 7 r e g i o n s , f o r w h i c h s e p a r a t e d a t a a r e p r o v i d e d , r e c e i v e d 8 o r 9 d a y s a n n u a l l y . T y p ica lly , w orkers in th e S o u t h e a s t and S o u t h w e s t r e g i o n s r e c e i v e d f e w e r th a n 8 d a y s a y e a r . In m o s t r e g i o n s , h o l i d a y p r o v i s i o n s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s w e r e g e n e r a l l y s i m i l a r to t h o s e f o r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s . P a id V a c a t io n s . P a id v a c a tio n s , after qu alifyin g p e r io d s o f s e r v i c e , w e r e p r o v i d e d b y a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s v i s i t e d d u r i n g the s u r v e y ( t a b l e 13). The m o s t c o m m o n v a c a tio n pay p r o v is io n s fo r p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s w e r e : 1 week’ s p a y a f t e r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e ; Z w e e k s ' a f t e r Z y e a r s ; 3 w e e k s ' a f t e r 10 y e a r s ; and 4 o r 5 w e e k s ' p a y a f t e r Z0 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e . V a ca tio n paym ents w e re le a s t l i b e r a l in the S o u t h e a s t and S o u t h w e s t r e g i o n s , w h e r e p r o v i s i o n s f o r 4 o r 5 w e e k s ' p a y a f t e r Z0 y e a r s a p p l i e d to l e s s th an o n e - f i f t h o f the w o r k e r s , c o m p a r e d w i t h a b o u t f o u r - f i f t h s o r m o r e in the o t h e r r e g i o n s . A m a j o r i t y o f the o f f i c e w ork ers re ce iv e d 2 w eeks' v a ca tion pay a f t e r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e and 3 w e e k s ' a f t e r 10 y e a r s . About th ree-ten th s w e re in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h p a id v a c a t i o n p r o v i s i o n s o f 4 w e e k s o r m o r e a f t e r 15 y e a r s and 5 w e e k s o r m o r e a f t e r Z0 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e . H ealth, I n s u r a n c e , an d R e t i r e m e n t P l a n s . L ife, h osp ita liza tion , and s u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e , f i n a n c e d at l e a s t in p a r t b y the e m p l o y e r s , w e r e r e p o r t e d b y m i l l s e m p l o y i n g o v e r n i n e - t e n t h s o f the p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s ( t a b l e 14). A c c i d e n t a l d e a t h and d i s m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e w a s p r o v i d e d to a b o u t o n e - h a l f o f th e w o r k e r s in b o t h g r o u p s and m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e to a p p r o x i m a t e l y f o u r - f i f t h s . S i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e w a s p r o v i d e d to t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s a n d to t h r e e - f i f t h s o f the o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s . P a id s ic k lea v e p r o v is io n s ( f u l l p a y , no w a i t i n g p e r i o d ) a p p l i e d to a t h i r d o f th e o f f i c e w o r k e r s , but w e r e r a r e ly r e p o rte d fo r p rod u ction w o r k e r s . E x c e p t f o r l i f e , h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , and s u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e , th e p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g the b e n e f i t s d e s c r i b e d above v a r ie d c o n s id e r a b ly by reg ion . M e d ica l in s u ra n ce , fo r e x a m p le , a p p lied to s l i g h t l y m o r e th a n o n e - f o u r t h o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in the S o u t h e a s t , c o m p a r e d w i t h m o r e th a n n i n e - t e n t h s in the M i d d l e W e s t , M o u n t a in , a n d P a c i f i c reg ion s. In m o s t i n s t a n c e s , h e a l t h and i n s u r a n c e b e n e f i t p la n s w e r e f i n a n c e d e n t i r e l y b y the e m p l o y e r . P e n s i o n p la n s p r o v i d i n g r e g u l a r p a y m e n t s f o r the r e m a i n d e r o f the r e t i r e e ' s l i f e (i n a d d i t i o n to s o c i a l s e c u r i t y ) a p p l i e d to a l a r g e m a j o r i t y o f the p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s . T h e s e p la n s c o v e r e d at l e a s t t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f the w o r k e r s in a ll r e g i o n s e x c e p t the S o u t h e a s t and S o u t h w e s t w h e r e th e c o v e r a g e f e l l b e l o w t h r e e - f i f t h s o f th e w o r k e r s in e a c h g r o u p . P la n s p r o v id in g l u m p - s u m p a y m e n t s at r e t i r e m e n t w e r e fo u n d o n l y in the G r e a t L a k e s and M i d d l e W e s t r e g i o n s , w h e r e t h e y a p p l i e d to l e s s th a n a t e n th o f the w o r k e r s . O ther S e le cte d B e n e f it s . F o r m a l p la n s p r o v i d i n g p a y f o r f u n e r a l l e a v e a p p l i e d to n e a r l y f o u r - f i f t h s o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s and s e v e n - t e n t h s o f the o f f i c e w o r k e r s ( t a b l e 15). J u r y d u ty p a y p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r e d a b o u t s e v e n - t e n t h s o f the w o r k e r s in b o t h g r o u p s . M i l l s w i t h p r o v i s i o n s f o r s e v e r a n c e p a y 15 e m p l o y e d a b o u t o n e - h a l f o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s and o n e - t h i r d o f th e o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s . 5 Pay to employees permanently separated from the company through no fault of their own. Table 1. Average H ou rly Earnings: 0> By Selected Characteristics (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of production workers in flour and other grain milling establishments by selected characteristics, United States and selected regions, February 1967) United States 2 Item Num ber of w ork ers Middle Atlantic A verage hourly earnings Number of w orkers A verage hourly earnings Southeast Number of w orkers Southwest A verage hourly earnings Number of w ork ers Great Lakes A verage Number hourly of earnings w ork ers A verage hourly earnings Middle W e st Number of w ork ers Mountain A verage Number hourly of earnings w ork ers P acific A ll estab lish m en ts________________ ___ 31 2 , 565 $2.56 1, 255 $2.99 1, 366 $1 .7 4 1, 085 $2 .00 4, 047 $2.77 2, 514 $2.60 672 $2 .62 Size of estab lish m en t: 20—99 w ork ers 100 w ork ers or m o r e ____________ 5, 275 7, 290 2.28 2.77 1.58 2.0 3 569 516 1.79 2.2 4 1, 295 2, 752 2.49 2.89 1, 248 1, 266 2.55 2.6 4 Size of com m unity: M etropolitan a r e a s 4 Nonm etropolitan a r e a s __________ 8, 501 4 , 064 2.6 8 2.3 2 1, 183 3.08 789 577 1.79 1.66 671 414 1.95 2.09 2, 595 1, 452 2 .« 9 2.54 1, 385 l. 129 2.6 8 2.4 9 532 A verage hourly earnings 1, 306 $2.99 3.03 1, 146 3.00 2.5 4 3.16 885 481 396 902 Number of w orker s 982 A verage hourly earnings 1 2 3 4 E xclu d es Includes V irtu a lly Standard NOTE; p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. data for the Border States region in addition to those shown sep arately. all production w ork ers w ere m en. M etropolitan S tatistical A r e a s as defined by the U.S. Bureau of the Budget through M arch D ashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication c r ite ria . 1965. 2.6 3 Table 2. Earnings D istribution: A ll Establishments (Percent distribution of production workers in flour and other grain milling establishments by average straight-time hourly earnings, 1 United States and selected regions, February 1967) United States 2 A verage hourly earnings 1 Middle Atlantic Southeast Under $ 1 .4 0 ............................................................................. $ 1. 40 and under $ 1. 4 5 _____________________________ $ 1. 45 and under $ 1 .5 0 _____________________________ (3) 5. 2 1. 9 1. 9 . 3 23. 9 10. 5 $ $ $ $ $ 3. 2 _ _ _ .6 7. 10. 7. 2. 2. _ . 3 - 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 50 55 60 65 70 and and and and and under under under under under $ 1. 55_____________________________ $ 1. 60 _____________________________ $ 1. 65_____________________________ $ 1. 7 0 _____________________________ $ 1 .7 5 __ _ __ __ 1. 5 1 .9 .9 1. 1 .4 $ 1 .7 5 $ 1. 80 $ 1. 85 $ 1. 90 $ 1. 95 and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 80_____________________________ 85_____________________________ 90_____________________________ 95_____________________________ 00_____________________________ . . . . 1. 2 8 5 8 0 $ $ $ $ $ 00 10 20 30 40 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2. 10_____________________________ $ 2. 20____________________ $ 2 . 3 0 _____________________________ $ 2. 4 0 _____________________________ $ 2 . 5 0 _____________________________ 2. 3. 3. 3. 5. 7 4 6 3 3 $ 2. 50 $ 2 .6 0 $ 2. 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2 .9 0 and and and and and under under under under under $ 2. 60_ $ 2. 70 $ 2. 80 $ 2 .9 0 $ 3. 00 9. 2 9. 1 8. 9 9. 1 7 .9 . 1. . 8. 17. $ $ $ $ $ and and and and and under under under under under $ $ $ $ $ 6. 5. 3. 2. 1. 7 3 1 3 6 1 5 .9 15. 9 8. 3 3. 7 4. 9 2. 3 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 00 10 20 30 40 $ 3. 50 and over 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. _ _ ___ __ _ . .. _ 10_____________________________ 20 ... ___ ... 30 ... . .............. 4 0 ____ - _ ......... _ 50 3 9 2 7 2 Great Lakes Middle W est (3) 0. 4 - Mountain Pacific 16. 3 5. 3 0. 1 - 4 1 2 2 1 1. 0 6. 8 _ 7. 7 . 5 . 2 . 3 .2 _ . 1 . 1. 1. . 3. 8 0 0 3 8 .2 1 .4 1. 6 3. 8 3. 2 . . . . . 2 9 6 7 5 8. 8. 4. 1. 2. 7 4 5 6 9 3. 13. 9. 5. 2. 5 3 9 4 3 3. 2. 2. 4. 5. 4 0 8 1 3 . 2. 5. 5. 12. 5 6 2 1 1 .9 11. 0 - . 1. . . . 9 0 4 4 4 7. 2. 2. 1. 1. 4 6 5 9 9 9. 8. 12. 9. 9. 3 3 2 9 0 20. 22. 12. 11. 2. 2 3 5 1 9 25. 4 2 1 .0 14. 4 7. 7 4. 8 . 1 3. 2 13. 2 2 1 .3 21. 6 .4 .8 9. 8. 3. 4. 3. 4 1 5 1 2 . 1 _ _ _ _ _ . 2 . 1 . 1 .2 .4 . 1 (3 ) (3i 2. 6 .8 .4 (3) 0. 7 0. 2 . 3 2. 7 . 1 .9 .2 2. 1 .2 . 3 .6 .2 .7 3. 1. . . 4 0 9 6 12. 8. 9. 5. . 6 0 3 6 2 . Num ber of w ork ers ......................... .......... A verage hourlv earnings 1............. .... .. - . 1 11. 2 . 3 . 3 1. 6 .2 1. 1 3. 4 100. 0 ________ T otal________ 1. 3 _ 1. 6 2. 5 Southwe st 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 12 ,5 6 5 $ 2 . 56 1 ,2 5 5 $ 2 .9 9 1 ,3 6 6 $ 1. 74 1 ,0 8 5 $ 2. 00 4 ,0 4 7 $ 2. 77 2, 514 $ 2 . 60 672 $ 2 . 62 1 ,3 06 $ 2 .9 9 1 E xclud es p rem iu m pay for overtim e and for work on weekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. 2 Includes data for the B order States region in addition to those shown sep arately. 3 L e s s than 0. 05 p ercen t. NOTE: B ecause of rounding, sum s of individual item s may not equal 100. ■] n T a b ic 3. O ccupational A verages: A ll Establishments 00 ( N u m b e r a nd a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in f l o u r and o t h e r g r a i n m i l l i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , U n i te d S ta te s and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , F e b r u a r y 1967) M id d le A tlantic United States 3 Number H ourly earnings 1 of M iddle w o r ker s M ean 4 M edian 4 range 4 O ccupation 1 2 B o l t e r s _____________________________________________ G r a i n e l e v a t o r o p e r a t o r s _____________________ J a n i t o r s _____________________________________________ L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g ________________ M e c h a n i c s , g e n e r a l ____________________________ M i l l e r s , f l o u r ( s e c o n d m i l l e r ) ______________ M i l l w r i g h t s _______________________________________ O i l e r s ______________________________________________ P a c k e r s , f e e d ____________________________________ P a c k e r s , f l o u r ___________________________________ R o l l t e n d e r s __________________________________ ____ S m u t t e r s _______________________________________ T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( f o r k l i f t ) _________________ 248 377 1 ,0 3 8 1 ,9 0 2 $2.75 2. 65 2 . 53 2 . 39 3. 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 47 9 546 183 365 398 1,058 144 186 283 05 84 39 59 33 43 76 77 87 $2. 2. 2. 2. 85 72 62 52 3. 08 2. 86 3. 33 2. 65 2. 46 2. 60 2. 73 2 .7 6 3. 04 $ 2 . 4 5 —$ 3 . 0 6 2 . 4 3 - 3.00 2. 4 6 - 2 . 8 1 2. 11- 2. 7 8 2. 7 5 2. 5 8 3. 2 2 2 .4 9 1 .9 0 2. 1 4 2 .5 3 2. 6 7 2 .7 4 - 3. 33 3. 11 3 .6 2 2 .8 1 2 .7 6 2 .8 3 3 .0 7 3. 01 3. 12 18 91 1 12 173 37 76 26 35 121 16 21 32 $3. 3. 2. 2. B o l t e r s _________________________________________ G r a i n e l e v a t o r o p e r a t o r s ___________________ J a n i t o r s ____________________________________________ L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g ________________ M e c h a n i c s , g e n e r a l ____________________________ M i l l e r s , f l o u r ( s e c o n d m i l l e r ) ______________ M i l l w r i g h t s -----------------------------------------------------O i l e r s __________________________________________ P a c k e r s , f e e d -------------------------------------------------P a c k e r s , f l o u r -----------------------------------------------R o l l t e n d e r s ---------------------------------------------------S m u t t e r s ----------------------------------------------------------T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( f o r k l i f t ) _________________ 1 2 3 85 100 437 537 224 176 64 153 94 232 69 72 $2. 95 2. 73 2. 64 2. 52 3 .2 9 3. 04 3. 29 2. 74 2. 60 2 .6 1 3. 03 2. 82 $2. 49—$ 3 .0 8 2 . 3 6 - 3 .0 0 2 . 5 9 - 2 .8 1 2. 3 4 - 2. 78 2. 9 4 - 3 .4 6 2. 6 3 - 3. 32 3 . 1 0 - 3 .3 3 2. 5 4 - 2 .8 1 2. 3 4 - 2 .8 9 2 . 3 3 - 2 .8 5 2. 5 3 - 3. 08 2 . 7 1 - 3 .0 1 42 74 198 451 93 135 - 87 100 257 40 52 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 77 64 49 50 88 83 $2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 55 2. 55 2 .6 1 2. 65 2. 67 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. - E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p ay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la t e V i r t u a l l y a ll w o r k e r s in the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e m e n . I n c l u d e s d ata f o r th e B o r d e r S t a t e s r e g i o n in a d d i t io n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . S e e a p p e n d i x A f o r m e t h o d u s e d in c o m p u t i n g m e a n s , m e d i a n s , and m i d d l e r a n g e s NOTE: Dashes in d icate no data reported or d ata that d o 3. 3. 3. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 16 62 04 22 10 39 25 23 $ 3 . 3 6—$ 3 . 4 2 3 . 0 0 - 3 . 10 2 . 8 9 - 2 .8 9 2 . 96- 2 . 9 6 2. 6 0 3. 4 7 2 .9 8 1. 5 0 2. 9 5 3. 0 6 3. 1 7 3 .1 0 - 3. 51 3. 62 3 .0 6 2. 22 3. 10 3. 56 3 .3 3 3 .2 6 25 35 54 198 $ 2 . 12 2 . 00 1.66 1 .60 14 56 12 24 51 134 21 2. 57 2. 06 2. 65 1 .8 2 1. 58 1 .6 8 _ _ 1. 91 n ot meet publication 83 61 51 51 92 83 $ 2 . 6 9 —$ 2 .8 5 2. 5 8 - 2. 70 2. 4 5 - 2. 57 2. 4 6 - 2 .6 1 2. 7 4 - 3. 05 2. 7 3 - 2. 93 - - 59 57 64 68 73 $2. 40 2 . 02 1. 55 1.45 2. 1 1 - 1 .9 5 1 .4 5 1. 55 . 2. 17 $ 1 . 50—$ 2 . 4 5 1. 7 0 - 2. 23 1 . 4 0 - 2 . 02 1. 4 0 - 1 . 9 3 1. 7 0 1 .4 5 1 .4 3 1 .4 5 _ 1. 5 5 - 2 .4 7 2. 19 1 .6 0 1 .6 9 2 .2 2 Number H ourly earnings 1 of M iddle w o r k e r s M ean 4 M edian 4 range 4 27 17 69 210 $2. 24 1.9 8 2 . 00 1.93 $ 2 . 21 1.9 0 2 . 11 2. 0 4 36 41 25 28 121 10 13 23 2. 35 2. 27 2. 48 2. 32 _ 2. 23 1 .7 9 1.9 1 2. 49 2. 55 2. 42 M ountain H ou rly earnings 1 Number of M iddle w orkers M ean 4 M ed ian 4 range 4 M iddle range M ean 4 M edian 4 81 70 63 53 15 09 22 69 56 57 80 77 $ 3 . 39 3.01 2'. 89 2. 9 6 S o u t h w e st Number H ou rly earnings 1 of M iddle w o r k e r s ,M e a n 4 M e d i a n 4 range 4 M iddle W est H ourly earnings 1 $2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 37 06 85 88 3. 04 3. 56 3. 03 2. 08 2 .9 3 3. 34 3. 25 3. 20 Great Lakes Num ber of workers Southeast H ou rly earnings 1 Number of M iddle w ork e rs M ean 4 M edian 4 range 4 2. 4 9 2. 4 2 2. 5 5 2 .6 1 2. 6 3 - 2. 68 2 .6 9 2 .6 9 2 .6 9 2. 74 Number of w orkers 17 30 55 87 21 46 7 27 32 65 14 14 M iddle range 4 M ean 4 M ed ian 4 $2. 83 2. 68 2. 56 2. 48 2. 94 2 .9 4 - $2. 68—$ 2 .8 3 2. 4 3 - 2. 72 2. 4 9 - 2 .5 9 2. 4 0 - 2. 56 2. 8 8 - 3. 25 2 .7 8 - 3. 07 - 2. 56 2. 63 2. 64 _ _ 1. 5 8 - 2. 11 1 . 9 7 - 2 .5 7 1. 8 0 - 2 .8 8 _ 2. 28 1 .6 5 1 .9 0 _ 2. 30 2. 0 9 1 .4 5 1 .6 5 _ _ 2. 1 3 - 2. 58 1 .9 0 2. 15 2 .7 3 Pacific H ou rly earnings 1 $2. 81 2. 56 2. 50 2. 36 3. 01 2. 93 3. 25 2. 58 2. 61 2. 55 2. 73 2, 59 _ $ 1 . 6 8 —$ 2 . 4 3 1 . 4 5 - 2. 21 1. 5 8 - 2 . 25 2. 5 6 - 2 .6 1 2. 5 6 - 2 .6 7 2. 5 1 - 2 .6 7 - Number H ou rly earnings 1 of M iddle w o rk e r s M ean 4 M edian 4 4 range 34 20 105 200 47 43 13 21 38 91 _ 11 70 $3. 07 3. 04 2. 76 2. 83 3. 33 3. 32 4. 03 2. 92 2. 93 2. 95 2. 98 2. 98 $3. 3. 2. 2. 3. 3. 03 05 78 81 33 25 - 2. 94 2. 90 2. 95 _ 2. 94 $3. 03—$3. 12 2. 9 4 - 3 .0 6 2. 6 9 - 2 .8 1 2. 7 8 - 2. 89 3 . 2 8 - 3 .3 6 3. 2 1 - 3. 35 2 . 8 4 - 3 .0 1 2 . 8 6 - 2 .9 5 2. 9 3 - 2. 95 . _ 2. 9 0 - 3 .0 4 shifts. of criteria. earnings. M edians and m i d d l e ranges are not provided for jobs w i t h f e w e r t h a n 15 w o r k e r s . Table 4. O ccu p a tion al A verages: By Size o f C om m unity ( N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 1 of w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in f l o u r an d o t h e r g r a i n m i l l i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a nd n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s , U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , F e b r u a r y 1 9 6 7 ) United States 2 O ccupation B o l t e r s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------G r a i n e l e v a t o r o p e r a t o r s _____________________________ J a n i t o r s ____________________________________________________ L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g ________________________ M e c h a n i c s , g e n e r a l -------------------------------------------------------M i l l e r s , f l o u r ( s e c o n d m i l l e r ) ---------------------------------M i l l w r i g h t s -------------------------------------------------------------------------O i l e r s ---------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------P a c k e r s , f e e d --------------------------------------------------------------------P a c k e r s , f l o u r ------------------------------------------------------------------R o l l t e n d e r s -----------------------------------------------------------------------S m u t t e r s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( f o r k l i f t ) ------------------------------------------ 1 2 M etrop olitan areas Average Number h ourly of earnings worker s 182 249 730 1 , 1 80 314 331 151 232 208 666 118 141 263 $ 2. 83 2.78 2.5 9 2.4 5 3. 18 2. 96 3. 44 2.6 9 2 .4 0 2.5 2 2 .8 4 2.8 7 2.9 1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r r e g i o n s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . NOTE: Great Lakes N onm etr opolitan areas Number Average of hourly workers earnings 66 1 28 308 722 165 215 32 1 33 1 90 392 26 45 20 holidays, $ 2.50 2 .4 0 2.40 2.30 2.80 2.6 7 3.1 4 2.4 3 2. 25 2 .2 8 2.4 1 2.4 7 2.40 M etropolitan areas Number Average of hourly worker s earnings 58 50 273 293 143 98 42 96 40 1 27 51 49 $ 3.01 2.9 3 2 .6 9 2.6 3 3.2 8 3 .3 4 3.27 2 .8 0 2.6 6 2.7 6 2.9 7 2 .9 0 M id d le W est N onm etropolitan areas Number Average hourly of w orkers earnings 27 50 1 64 244 81 78 22 57 54 105 18 23 $ 2.37 2.4 6 2.5 3 2.40 2.9 3 2 .7 8 3.1 2 2.52 2.49 2.34 2.31 2.4 8 M etropolitan areas Number A verage of hourly w orkers earnings 32 35 123 229 52 65 - 42 36 1 10 36 36 $ 2.8 3 2.71 2.54 2 .5 9 2.9 8 2 .9 2 _ 2.64 2.70 2.69 2.67 2.7 5 N o n m e tr opolitan areas Average hourly earnings Number of workers 10 39 75 222 41 70 _ 45 64 1 47 _ 16 $ 2.59 2. 57 2.3 9 2.4 1 2.7 6 2 .7 4 _ 2.4 6 2.4 6 2.55 _ 2.49 and la te s h i f t s . D a s h e s i n d i c a t e n o d a t a r e p o r t e d o r d a t a t h at d o n o t m e e t p u b l i c a t i o n c r i t e r i a . CO Table 5. O ccupational A verages: By Size o f Establishment O (Number and average straight-time hourly earnings 1 of workers in selected occupations in flour and other grain milling establishments by size of establishment, United States and selected regions, February 1967) United States Great Lakes Middle W est E stablish m en ts with— Occupation 20—99 w orkers Number of w ork ers B o lte r s________________________________________________ G rain elevator o p e r a t o r s __________________________ Janitor s_______________________________________________ L a b o r e r s , m a teria l handling ____________________ M e ch a n ic s, general _______________________________ M ille r s , flour (second m i l l e r ) ____________________ M illw r ig h ts ___________________________________________ O i l e r s ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------P a c k e r s , feed________________________________________ P a c k e r s, flou r_______________________________________ R oll t e n d e r s __________________________________________ Smutte r s______________________________________________ 121 172 371 946 190 330 47 170 262 568 50 96 A verage hourly earnings $ 2.54 2.42 2.28 2.17 2.80 2.67 3.27 2.45 2.22 2.21 2.49 2.68 100 w orkers or m ore Number of worker s 127 205 667 956 289 216 136 195 136 490 94 90 A verage hourly earnings $ 2.94 2.82 2.67 2.61 3.21 3.11 3.43 2.72 2.49 2.67 2.90 2.87 1 Excludes p rem iu m pay for ove rtim e and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: D ashes indicate no data rep orted or data that do not meet publication crite ria . 20—99 w ork ers Number of w ork ers 49 '55 113 215 74 93 17 63 59 124 23 42 A verage hourly earnings $ 2.5 7 2.5 0 2.43 2.2 9 2.86 2.8 6 3.01 2.56 2.4 2 2.3 7 2.52 2.6 4 100 w ork ers or m ore Number of w orker s 36 45 324 322 150 83 47 90 35 108 46 30 A verage hourly earnings $ 3.13 2.9 4 2.71 2.6 9 3.29 3.35 3.30 2.79 2.8 0 2.7 9 2.9 4 2.9 4 vorkers 2 0 -9 9 v Number of w ork ers 16 50 93 238 51 80 _ 54 72 142 16 27 100 w ork ers or m ore A verage hourly earnings Number of w orker s $ 2.72 2.61 2.43 2.45 2.81 2.8 0 26 24 105 213 42 55 _ 2.51 2.51 2. 60 2.63 2.63 _ 33 28 115 24 25 A verage hourly earnings $ 2.80 2.70 2.54 2.55 2.98 2.87 - 2.61 2.64 2.62 2.66 2.71 T able 6. O ccupational Earnings: B uffalo, N . Y . 1 ( N u m b e r an d a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 2 o f w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s in f l o u r and o t h e r g r a i n m i l l i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , N um ber of w ork ers O ccupation A l l p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s 3 ------------------------------------- of w orker s 1,0 23 hourly earnings $ 3 . 16 $2.80 $2.80 and under $2.90 5 95 _ 1 - _ 77 - February 1 96 7 ) r e c e i v i ng s t r a ig h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s o f — $ 2.90 $3.00 $3.10 $3.00 " $3.10 " $3.20 $3.30 1 96 192 193 98 44 59 . . 52 13 17 2 13 6 _ 3 2 1 17 - 6 1 3 - 9 22 - 7 3 - $3 .2 0 $3.30 $3.40 $3.50 $3.40 $3.60 $ 3 .7 0 " and $3.60 $3.70 over 21 11 0 10 " $3.50 S elected occu pation s B o l t e r s _____________________________________________________ G r a i n e l e v a t o r o p e r a t o r s --------------------------------------------J a n i t o r s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------L a b o r e r s , m a t e r i a l h a n d l i n g ________________________ M i l l e r s , f l o u r ( s e c o n d m i l l e r ) ______________________ M i l l w r i g h t s -------------------------------------------------------------------------O i l e r s _________________________________ ____________ _________ P a c k e r s , f e e d ____________________________________________ P a c k e r s , f l o u r ___________________________________________ R o l l t e n d e r s ______________________________________________ S m u t t e r s ___________________________________________________ T r u c k e r s , p o w e r ( f o r k l i f t ) ------------------------------------------ 1 2 3 4 18 91 99 149 15 74 20 7 84 16 21 32 3. 3. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 3. 37 06 90 97 70 56 04 15 3. 13 3. 34 3. 25 3. 20 1 21 1 32 - 3 - 4 54 - 3 3 9 10 6 11 T h e B u ffa lo S ta n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S ta tis tic a l A r e a c o n s i s t s o f E r i e and N i a g a r a C o u n t ie s . E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h i f t s . V i r t u a l l y a ll p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s w e r e m e n ; da ta f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e l i m i t e d to m e n w o r k e r s . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d as fo llo w s : 1 at $ 4 . 2 0 t o $ 4 . 3 0 ; 2 at $ 4 , 3 0 t o $ 4 . 4 0 ; a n d 1 at $ 4 . 4 0 t o $ 4 . 5 0 . 35 4 - 3 3 5 8 1 - 51 _ _ _ _ 44 - Table 7, (N um ber O ccup ation al Earnings: Kansas City, M o .—K a n s .1 and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s 2 o f w o r k e r s i n s e l e c t e d in f l o u r and o t h e r g r a i n m i l l i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , F e b r u a r y 1967) occupations Number of w orkers receivin g stra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings cif— of w orkers Occupation A ll production w o r k e r s 3 -------------------------------- Av e r age hourly earnings 2 500 $2. 79 $ 2 .50 and under $ 2 .60 9 $2.60 $ 2 .70 $2.80 $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 - - $3.00 $3.10 $3.20 $3.30 146 35 40 9 5 14 3 $2.70 $ 2 .80 $2.90 163 93 $2.90 - Selected occupations B o lte r s ________________________________________________ J anitors------------------- ------------------------------------------------L a b o r e rs, m aterial handling-------------------------------M ech anics, g e n e r a l--- --------------------------------------------M ille r s , flour (secon d m i l l e r ) ___________________ O i l e r s _________________________________________________ P ac k e rs, fee d _______________________________________ P ac k e rs, flo u r_______________________________________ Roll tenders ________________________________________ Smutter s ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. 2. 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 17 38 91 18 24 22 16 36 15 20 86 63 70 08 97 71 80 82 71 79 _ - - _ 38 73 16 _ - - 12 - 10 3 12 12 8 3 3 _ 34 3 6 - - - - 16 - - - 4 2 _ - 3 _ - 2 2 . - - - 2 1 T h e K a n s a s C i t y S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a h a s b e e n e x p a n d e d s i n c e 1 96 1 a n d n o w c o n s i s t s o f P l a t t e C o u n t i e s in M i s s o u r i , and J o h n s o n and W y a n d o tte C o u n t i e s , K a n s a s . T h e c o u n t i e s a d d e d to the c u r r e n t a r e a e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in th e i n d u s t r y . 2 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e an d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , a nd la t e s h i f t s . 3 V i r t u a l l y a l l p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s w e r e m e n ; da ta f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e l i m i t e d to m e n w o r k e r s . Table 8. ( P e r c e n t of p r o d u c t i o n - - - 16 C a s s, C lay, J a ckson , d e f i n i t i o n d id not h a v e and any M ethod o f W a g e Paym ent o r k e r s in f l o u r an d o t h e r g r a i n m i l l i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y m e t h o d o f w a g e p a y m e n t , U n ite d S t a t e s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , and a r e a s , F e b r u a r y 1967) Areas Regions Unite d States 2 M e th o d of w a g e p a y m e n t 1 M iddle Atlantic Southeast Southwest Great Lakes M iddle West M ountain P acific B u ffalo Kansas City A l l w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------------------------------- 100 100 100 1 00 1 00 100 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 T i m e - r a t e d w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------------F o r m a l p l a n s ----------------------------- ----------------------------------S i n g l e r a t e --------------------------------------------------------------R a n g e o f r a t e s ------------------------------------------------------I n d i v i d u a l r a t e s ------------------------------------------------------------ 98 88 82 5 11 2 100 94 91 3 6 100 53 43 11 47 1 00 88 88 100 1 00 1 00 - - 100 1 00 99 ( 3) 7 100 1 00 96 4 _ ' 97 96 87 9 1 3 100 93 93 " 96 91 85 b 5 4 ' ' 1 2 3 F o r d efinition of m eth od of w age paym ent, I n c l u d e s d ata f o r the B o r d e r S t a t e s r e g i o n L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of s ee a p pen d ix A. in a d d i t io n to t h o s e individual item s may not shown separately. equal totals. - 12 " - - T able 9. Scheduled W e e k ly H ours ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in f l o u r and o t h e r g r a i n m i l l i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s , U n i te d S ta tes, s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , and a r e a s , F e b r u a r y 1967) Regions Unite d State s 2 W eekly h o u rs 1 M iddle A tl an ti c Southeast South we s t Great Lakes Areas M iddle W est M ountain Pacific B uffalo Kansas City Production w ork ers A l l w o r k e r s . . -------------------------------------------------------- 4 0 h o u r s _________________ _______________________________ 4 2 h o u r s _____ ________________________ ____________________ 4 4 h o u r s __________________________________________________ 4 5 h o u r s ___ _ . . . . ______ _ .... _ _ ___ __ 46 h o u r s . _ _______ . ____ ____________ _________ _ _____ 48 h o u r s _ .... . . . . __ . . __ . . . O v e r 4 8 h o u r s _________ __ . . . . ______ _________ 100 62 1 5 7 f3) 22 3 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 55 9 8 28 100 44 32 2 17 5 58 19 18 6 73 3 20 3 42 7 2 46 3 49 51 . - 100 . . 63 . _ 10 . 27 80 _ _ _ _ 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 3 3 86 . 8 3 68 5 22 98 . 2 100 - 9 . _ 91 _ - . O ffice w o rk e rs :\11 w o r k e r s . . ___ ___________ ___________________ 3 5 h o u r s . . . . __ . __ __ . . . ___ __ . ___ __ 37 V2 h o u r s _______________________________________________ 4 0 h o u r s __ _ _ ... . . . ._ . . . ____ O v e r 4 0 a n d u n d e r 4 4 h o u r s __________ . ______ 44 h o u r s .. ... _ . . . . . . _ ... _ _ _______ 45 h o u r s __ _______________ ___ ___ ___ . . . O v e r 4 5 h o u r s _____ . .. . . . ___ _____ ... . 1 2 3 100 100 2 2 86 1 7 1 1 100 7 86 - 9 78 2 2 5 5 - 6 100 91 . 6 3 D a t a r e l a t e to the p r e d o m i n a n t w o r k s c h e d u l e o f f u l l - t i m e d a y - s h i f t w o r k e r s in e a c h I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r t h e B o r d e r S t a t e s r e g i o n i n a d d i t i o n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . L e s s th an 0. 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B ecause of rounding, sums of indiv idual item s may not equal . - . - 1 establishm ent. totals. C O T abic 10. Shift D ifferen tial Provisions (Percent of production workers by shift differential provisions 1 in flour and other grain milling establishments, United States, selected regions, and areas, February 1967) A reas Regions Shift d ifferen tial United States 1 2 Middle Atlantic Middle W est Southeast Southwest Great Lakes 72.4 39.5 36.2 17.1 19.1 - 93 .7 79.3 79.3 18.8 6.3 22.7 31.5 14.4 100.0 89.5 89.5 5.2 7.0 5.7 4.9 54.4 6.5 5.8 10.5 100.0 95 .0 95 .0 3.0 1.7 2.1 7.5 80 .7 5.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 7.4 7.1 85.4 - 69.3 60 .5 60.5 - 100.0 89.6 89.6 5.2 100.0 9 5 .0 9 5 .0 3.0 1.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 - Mountain P acific Buffalo Kansas City 100.0 100.0 100.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ 100.0 _ - 100.0 100.0 100.0 _ _ _ 3.8 _ 96.2 _ _ Second shift W ork ers in estab lish m en ts having secon d shift p r ovision s____________________________________ With shift d ifferen tial___________________________ Uniform cents per h o u r _____________________ 3 cents _ ___________________________ _____ 4 c e n ts _____________________________________ 5 c e n ts _____________________________________ 6 c e n ts --------------------------------------------------------7 c e n ts _____________________________________ 8 c e n ts --------------------------------------------------------9 c e n ts _____________________________________ 10 cen ts____________________________________ 1 1 cen ts------------------------------------------------------15 cen ts____________________________________ O th e r ___________________________________________ With no shift d ifferen tial_____________________ _ 95.5 84.3 83.9 .6 2.0 5.4 2.1 2.3 6.6 2.3 50.7 10.2 1.9 .4 11.2 99.9 94.3 94.3 - _ 8.6 4.1 81.5 5.7 3.3 32.9 94.3 94.3 94.3 _ - 62.2 36.2 36.2 _ - - - 96 .8 96 .8 96.8 _ _ 6.9 89.9 _ - - - Third or other late shift W o rk ers in estab lish m en ts having th ird or other la te -s h ift p r o v is io n s ----------------------------With shift d ifferen tial----------------------------------------U niform cents per h o u r— -------------------------5 c e n ts --------------------------------------------------------6 c e n ts --------------------------------------------------------7 c e n ts ----------------------- -----------------------------7V2 c e n ts ----------------------------------------------------8 c e n ts --------------------------------------------------------10 cen ts------------------------------------------------------11 cen ts------------------------------------------------------12 cen ts------------------------------------------------------13 cen ts____________________________________ 14 cen ts------------------------------------------------------15 cents------------------------------------------------------20 cen ts------------------------------------------------------With no shift d ifferen tial------------------------------------ 1 2 91.4 82.5 82.5 2.7 .3 1.0 .4 3.5 8.5 11.1 43.8 .7 1.4 7.1 1.9 8.9 - 8.6 81.5 4.1 _ _ - 32.4 3.8 _ 26 .0 - 22.7 31.5 _ 6.3 _ 8.8 - 3.2 9.6 6.5 56.1 3.2 _ 5.8 10.5 R e f e r s to p o l i c i e s o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e i t h e r c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la te s h if ts o r h a v i n g p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g la te s h i f t s . I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r the B o r d e r S t a t e s r e g i o n in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. - 9.6 _ 80.7 _ 5.1 - 7.4 _ 85 .4 7.1 _ 96.8 96.8 96.8 - _ 8.8 18.0 6.9 63.1 _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 100.0 _ - 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 3.8 _ 96.2 _ - T a b ic 11. Shift D ifferen tial Practices ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d o n la te s h if t s in f l o u r and o t h e r g r a i n m i l l i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s by a m o u n t o f s h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l , U n i te d S ta tes, s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , and a r e a s , F e b r u a r y 1967) Regions Unite d State s 1 Shif t d i f f e r e n t i a l M iddle Atlantic Southeast S ou th w e st Great Lakes Areas M iddle W est M ountain P acific B uffalo Kansas C it y S e c o n d s h if t W o r k e r s e m p l o y e d o n s e c o n d s h i f t ________________ R e c e i v i n g s h i f t d i f f e r e n t i a l _______________________ U n i f o r m c e n t s p e r h o u r ______________________ U n d e r 5 c e n t s -------------------------------------------------5 c e n t s _________________________________________ 6 c e n t s _________________________________________ 7 c e n t s _________________________________________ 8 c e n t s _________________________________________ 9 c e n t s _________________________________________ 10 c e n t s ________________________________________ 11 c e n t s __________________________ ____________ 1 5 c e n t s ________________________________________ O t h e r _______________________________________________ R e c e i v i n g n o s h i f t d i f f e r e n t i a l __________________ 15. 8 14. 5 14. 4 . 2 1. 0 . 4 .4 1.4 . 5 8. 0 2. 0 . 5 . 1 1. 3 17. 5 17.2 1. 0 . 8 15. 4 . 3 10. 9. 9. . . . 1. 1. 5. . . . . . 10. 10. 10. 1. 8. . - 12. 1 8. 1 7. 1 3. 7 3. 4 1. 0 4. 0 13. 2 11.9 11.9 1. 7 1.8 4. 0 4. 4 1. 3 17. 8 16. 2 16. 2 .8 1. 2 1. 5 1. 2 8. 4 1. 6 1. 5 1. 6 16. 0 15. 4 15. 4 . 5 . 3 1. 8 12. 8 . 6 13. 8 13. 8 13. 8 . 3 1. 5 12. 1 - 17. 0 17. 0 17. 0 1.4 15. 6 - 18. 9 18. 9 18. 9 18. 9 - 14. 0 14. 0 14. 0 1 .2 12. 8 - 7. 6. 6. 3. 3. - 12. 0 11.4 11.4 . 8 .6 1. 2 1.2 6. 3 .4 12. 2 11.7 11.7 . 5 1. 3 9. 9 - 9. 2 9. 2 9. 2 . 3 - 9. 5 9. 5 9. 5 . 2 1.9 . 7 6. 7 10. 8 10. 8 10. 8 10. 8 - 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 T h i r d o r o t h e r la te s h if t 1 4 7 7 3 2 5 1 3 0 1 2 7 3 7 - 5 5 5 0 8 8 7. 9 4. 8 4. 8 4. 6 . 2 - 3. 1 Includes data for the B order States region in addition to those shown sep arately, N O TE : B ecause of rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not equal totals. 3 5 5 2 3 - . 7 - . 8 . 6 - . 6 o 00 W o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on third o r o t h e r l a t e s h i f t s _______________________________________ R e c e i v i n g s h i f t d i f f e r e n t i a l ______________________ U n i f o r m c e n t s p e r h o u r ______________________ U n d e r 7 c e n t s ________________________________ 7 o r 7 x/ 2 c e n t s _______________________________ 8 c e n t s _________________________________________ 10 c e n t s ________________________________________ 1 1 c e n t s ________________________________________ 12 c e n t s ________________________________________ 1 3 c e n t s ______________________ __________________ 14 c e n t s ________________________________________ 15 c e n t s ________________________________________ 2 0 c e n t s _______ ________________________________ R e c e i v i n g n o s h i f t d i f f e r e n t i a l __________________ . 9 - - - - T able 12. Paid H olidays 0) ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n a n d o f f i c e w o r k e r s i n f l o u r a n d o t h e r g r a i n m i l l i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h formal p r o v i s i o n s f o r p a i d h o l i d a y ; U nite d S ta te s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , and a r e a s , F e b r u a r y 1967) A r ■eas Regions United States 1 N u m b e r o f paid h o lid a y s M iddle Atlantic Southeast S outhwest Great Lakes M iddle W est M ountain Pacific B uffalo K an s as City P roduction w orkers A l l w o r k e r s _________________________________________ 100 1 00 100 10 0 1 00 1 00 1 00 100 100 96 1 2 4 10 Z W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g p a i d h o l i d a y s _______________________ ______________ ______ 3 d a y s ___________________________________________________ 4 d a y s ___________________________________________________ 5 d a y s ____ ______________________________________________ 6 d a y s ___________________________________________________ 6 d a y s p l u s 2 h a l f d a y s ____________________________ 7 d a y s ___________________________________________________ 7 d a y s p l u s 2 h a l f d a y s ____________________________ 8 d a y s ___________________________________________________ 9 d a y s ___________________________________________________ 100 94 - 93 5 22 12 41 5 8 75 14 9 30 6 15 1 00 4 7 10 1 14 64 10 0 11 11 45 33 1 00 7 74 18 100 3 26 7 1 100 100 100 - 9 - 9 (2) Z2 45 W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a i d h o l i d a y s __________________ — __________________ 86 4 - 24 76 25 6 O ffice w o rk e rs 100 W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a i d h o l i d a y s _____________________________________ ______ 3 d a y s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 d a y s _________________________ ________________________ 5 d a y s ___________________________________________________ 6 d a y s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 d a y s p l u s 1 h a l f d a y ______________________________ 6 d a y s p l u s Z h a l f d a y s ____________________________ 7 d a y s __________________________________________________ 7 d a y s p l u s Z h a l f d a y s ____________________________ 8 d a y s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------8 d a y s p l u s 2 h a l f d a y s ____________________________ 9 d a y s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 d a y s p l u s 1 h a l f d a y ----------------------------------------------- 100 10 0 10 0 1 00 100 100 100 1 00 100 98 A l l w o r k e r s _________________________________________ 94 4 - 93 2 12 12 56 - 95 9 29 12 1 00 5 3 15 1 15 8 54 1 00 44 - 100 5 - 1 00 5 21 38 36 1 00 15 76 9 100 58 5 - (2) 1 3 18 1 1 13 - - - 13 69 7 r) 20 4 37 1 3 8 - 22 23 - W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a i d h o l i d a y s _______________________________________ 1 2 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r the B o r d e r L e s s t h a n 0. 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: Because of rounding States sum s of region in a d d i t io n in dividual item s to those .y n o t shown equal separately. totals. - - 13 22 20 1 - 79 2 13 - - 3C T able 13. Paid V acations ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n a nd o f f i c e w o r k e r s in f l o u r a n d o t h e r g r a i n m i l l i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p a i d v a c a t i o n s a f t e r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e , U n i t e d S t a t e s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , a n d a r e a s , F e b r u a r y 1 96 7 ) Regions "V ac ati on p o l i c y Great Lake s State s 1 M iddle A tl anti c 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 96 3 100 ~ 81 11 94 6 30 9 91 73 3 24 62 38 Areas | | 100 S o u t h w e st M iddle We s t B uffalo Kansas C it y M ountain Pacific 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 98 - 98 - 100 - 100 - 100 - - - P rodu ction w o rk e rs A l l w o r k e r s ________________________________ Method of paym ent W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a i d v a c a t i o n s _ __ __ ___ ________ _ _ ______ L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t ____ __ ______._ Am ount of vacation p a y 2 After 1 year of service: 1 w e e k __________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ — O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s _________ ______ Z w e e k s ________ ____ _ _ _ _ ---------A fter Z yea rs of se rvice : 1 w e e k ______ — _______ ___ _________ — _ _ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r Z w e e k s _______________ Z w e e k s ___________________________ ____________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s . _____________ A fter 3 ye a r s of s e rv ice : 1 w e e k _____ __ ______ ______________________ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r Z w e e k s _______________ Z w e e k s _______________________________________ _______ O v e r Z an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s \ fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 1 w e e k , _______ ____________ _ _ ___ ______ O v e r i a n d u n d e r Z w e e k s . __________ _ 2 w e e k s ________________ ___ ___ _____ __ _ _ O v e r Z an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s 3 w e e k s ___ __ ___________________________ _ _ A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 1 w e e k _______________ __________________ __ O v e r 1 and u n d e r Z w e e k s _________ Z weeks _ ______________ ____________________ _ 3 w e e k s ____ ___________ __________ ________ ___ O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s _ ____________ _ A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 1 w e e k _________________________ ______________ __ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s . _________ ... 2 w e e k s _____ _____________ __ ____________ __ _ 3 w e e k s _________________________ _ _ _ _ O v e r 3 and un d er 4 w eek s ____________ 4 w e e k s .............. ............. . _ O v e r 4 a n d u n d e r 5 w e e k s _____ __ 5 w e e k s ___________________________ ____________ A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e : 4 1 w e e k ________ ___________ ___________________ _ O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ______________ Z w e e k s ___________________ _______ _ _______ _ 3 w e e k s _ _____________________________________ 4 w e e k s ___ ______________________________ _____ O v e r 4 a n d u n d e r 5 w e e k s _____________ 5 w e e k s _____________________________ __________ O v e r 5 a n d u n d e r 6 w e e k s _______________ See footnotes at e n d of table. (3 ^ 70 - 2 | - - 93 7 31 | j | 9 91 29 71 5 95 100 4 96 - ' - - 100 100 100 69 - - - 9 91 64 3 32 33 67 6 - 94 100 100 - - - - ' - ~ - - 100 - 50 3 47 - 33 67 - 3 97 - 100 - 100 - 100 - 100 - - - - - - - 86 14 - - 9 15 76 6 94 50 35 15 33 37 29 10 90 11 89 7 93 100 100 100 - - - - ' " - - - 9 _ 7 45 _ 6 9 86 - 50 23 27 - 33 13 39 15 - 2 50 48 - 5 68 28 - 7 68 25 - 34 66 - 100 - 18 82 - - - - - - 5 19 49 - 7 7 60 - 48 28 25 3 40 57 100 15 (M 85 - 10 f3 ) 88 1 39 - - 9 _ 6 18 29 6 9 _ - 38 86 50 14 25 11 - 33 6 45 15 2 16 33 - 4 - 82 Table 13. Paid V acation s— C ontinued (Percent of production and office workers in flour and other grain milling establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States, selected regions, and areas, February 1967) Regions United States 1 Vacation policy A rea s Great Lakes Middle W est Mountain P acific 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 6 35 59 41 25 75 57 1 41 54 46 28 72 13 87 3 5 92 4 _ 96 - 45 6 48 - 22 78 - 19 78 3 10 _ 87 3 84 16 93 7 . 100 - 3 _ 81 16 6 C 3) 90 4 4 96 - 39 6 55 - 9 91 - 2 95 3 97 3 84 16 93 7 100 - 84 16 A fter 5 y e a rs of serv ic e: 1 week______________________________________ Over 1 and under Z w e e k s______________ Z w e e k s______________ ____ _________________ Over Z and under 3 weeks ................ . 3 w e e k s___________________ ________________ 3 (3) 91 4 1 100 - Z1 6 73 - 9 91 - 1 96 3 - 97 3 - 84 16 - 84 7 9 100 - 84 16 - After 10 y e a rs of serv ic e: 1 w eek.__________ ________ _____ ____________ Over 1 and under Z w e e k s______________ Z w e e k s____________________________________ 3 w e e k s. . . ____ _ . .. . . . Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ______________ 3 (3) Z3 67 6 14 65 Z1 Z1 6 53 19 - 9 44 47 - 14 83 3 . 30 66 3 5 78 16 18 75 7 9 67 24 84 16 A fter 15 ye ars of serv ic e: 1 week______________________________________ Over 1 and under Z w e e k s______________ Z w e e k s ____________________________________ 3 w e e k s __________ _________________________ Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s_____________ 4 w e e k s____________________________________ Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s______________ 5 w e e k s____________________________________ 3 (3 ) 14 50 1 Z6 4 1 14 4 61 21 - 21 6 52 21 _ - 9 32 36 23 - 2 59 3 36 - 29 54 14 3 5 63 15 16 - 82 11 7 - 9 67 24 - 66 19 16 A fter Z0 y ears of serv ic e: 4 1 week______________________________________ Over 1 and under Z w e e k s ___________ ___ Z weeks ____________ _______________________ 3 w e e k s ____________________________________ 4 w e e k s. __________________________________ Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ______________ 5 weeks _ __________________________________ Over 5 and under 6 w e e k s___________ _ 3 (3 ) 13 Z6 Z6 1 Z6 4 - 21 6 44 13 16 - - Middle Atlantic Southeast Southwe st 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 A fter 1 year of servic e: 1 week______________________________________ Over 1 and under 2 weeks Z weeks .... 39 1 60 ZZ 78 A fter Z y e a rs of serv ic e: 1 week.. . Over 1 and under Z w e e k s______________ Z w e e k s _________________ _____ _____________ Over Z and under 3 w e e k s ______________ 15 (3 ) 81 4 A fter 3 y e a rs of serv ic e: 1 week___________________________________ __ Over 1 and under Z w e e k s______________ Z w e e k s____________________________________ Over Z and under 3 w e e k s ______________ Buffalo Kansas City Office w orkers A ll w ork ers______________________________ Method of payment W ork ers in estab lish m en ts providing paid vacatio n s_______________________________ L e n g th -o f-tim e p aym e n t________________ Amount of vacation pay 2 at 14 4 - . _ 61 Z1 9 - 23 45 - 23 1 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r the B o r d e r S t a t e s r e g i o n in a d d i t io n to t h o s e s how n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n a n d d o n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t the i n d i v i d u a l 10 y e a r s m a y i n c l u d e c h a n g e s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s . 3 L e s s than 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . 4 V a c a t i o n p r o v i s i o n s w e r e g e n e r a l l y the s a m e a f t e r l o n g e r p e r i o d s of s e r v i c e , NOTE: B e ca u sie of rounding, sums of in div idu al item s may not equal tota ls. - - 2 25 34 3 36 establishm ent 25 29 28 - - - 5 4 59 9 44 38 - - 18 provision s - - 15 16 11 7 67 24 for p rogression. For exam ple, changes in p r o p o r t i o n s - 58 8 34 - in d icated T a b le 14. H ealth, Insurance, and R etirem ent Plans (Percent of production and office workers in flour and other grain milling establishments with specified health, insurance, and retirement plans, United States, selected regions, and areas, February 1967) United States 2 T y p e of plan 1 Regions M iddle Atlantic Southeast S o u th w e st Great Lake s Ar eas M iddle W est M ountain P acific B uffalo Kansas City v P roduction m orkers A l l w o r k e r s _____________________ __________ 1 00 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 00 97 64 33 100 100 - 83 33 50 94 45 49 99 75 23 100 53 47 100 93 7 100 62 38 100 100 - 1 00 90 10 51 32 20 49 49 - 44 23 21 62 29 33 52 37 15 43 9 34 26 19 7 79 67 12 43 43 - 4 4 - 81 75 58 18 84 84 84 - 29 29 22 7 71 71 36 35 93 84 76 9 91 85 45 40 93 85 85 - 83 69 57 12 87 87 87 - 90 90 90 - 10 7 - 26 100 90 10 100 90 10 86 75 10 86 86 86 86 46 40 - 90 46 44 80 36 44 27 27 15 15 1 00 45 55 1 00 45 55 46 30 16 40 24 16 57 57 57 - 5 96 71 25 96 71 25 89 71 19 65 56 9 87 83 64 20 8 1 8 100 55 45 100 55 45 97 55 42 37 32 5 77 75 52 22 2 7 100 76 24 100 76 24 1 00 76 24 76 76 93 93 86 7 - 31 100 75 25 1 00 75 25 95 75 20 46 34 12 97 97 71 25 - 100 87 13 100 87 13 100 87 13 100 1 00 100 100 56 44 - 1 00 100 100 1 00 100 100 76 73 4 90 90 38 53 - W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g : L i f e i n s u r a n c e -----------------------------------------------E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d ---------------------------------J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ---------------------------------------A c c id e n t a l death and d is m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e --------------------------------------------------------E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d ---------------------------------J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ---------------------------------------S ick n e s s and a ccid e n t in s u ra n ce or s i c k l e a v e o r b o t h 3 -----------------------------------S i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e ----E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d ---------------------------J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ______________________ S ic k le a v e (full p ay, no w a itin g p e r l o d ) ___________________________________ S ick le a v e (p a rtia l p ay or w aiting p e r i o d ) ------------------------------------------------------H o s m t a l i z a t i o n i n s u r a n c e - ---------------------E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d ---------------------------------J o i n t l v f i n a n c e d ---------------------------------------S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e ---------------------------------------E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d ---------------------------------J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ---------------------------------------M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e ---------------------------------------E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d ------------------------------J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ---------------------------------------C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e -------------------------------E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d ---------------------------------J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ---------------------------------------R e t i r e m e n t p l a n s 4 ---------------------------------------R e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n - ---------------------------E m p l o v e r f i n a n c e d ---------------------------J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ---------------------------------L u m p - s u m p a y m e n t s ___________________ N o p l a n s ------------------------------------------------------------- 8 7 97 64 33 96 63 33 81 59 22 52 44 8 77 76 56 19 3 1 - 34 34 24 11 3 S e e f o o t n o t e s at e n d o f t a b l e . C D T a b le 14. H ealth, Insurance, and R e tire m e n t Plans----- C ontin ued ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n an d o f f i c e w o r k e r s in f l o u r and o t h e r g r a i n m i l l i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h s p e c i f i e d h e a lt h , and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s , U n i te d S t a t e s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , a nd a r e a s , F e b r u a r y 1967) United States 2 Type of p l a n 1 insurance, Regions M iddle A tlantic Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Areas M iddle W est M ountain P a cific B uffalo Kansas City O ffice w o rk e rs A l l w o r k e r s _________________________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 00 96 52 44 1 00 84 16 77 30 47 95 52 43 97 65 32 100 51 49 100 47 53 100 21 79 100 85 15 100 100 _ 55 28 27 56 43 13 47 20 27 59 28 31 60 38 22 52 12 39 28 22 6 59 21 38 53 38 15 19 19 - 75 61 42 19 91 77 56 21 16 16 10 6 63 50 32 18 89 59 49 10 81 77 32 45 95 91 89 2 59 50 33 17 100 85 60 24 81 81 81 34 64 6 13 50 24 4 26 74 5 7 96 52 44 96 52 44 85 48 36 57 32 25 84 82 52 30 4 - - - - 100 34 66 100 34 66 53 15 38 49 11 38 53 53 47 6 100 56 44 100 56 44 100 56 44 62 56 6 96 96 66 30 21 100 70 30 100 70 30 88 70 18 38 21 17 95 95 66 29 - 90 37 53 87 34 53 40 24 16 35 12 23 56 56 40 16 100 85 15 1 00 85 15 100 85 15 100 85 15 100 100 53 47 100 100 100 100 - - - 5 92 47 45 92 47 45 90 47 43 35 27 9 84 77 54 23 6 - 100 87 13 1 00 87 13 89 76 13 86 73 13 89 89 46 44 9 96 43 53 96 43 53 95 43 52 74 31 43 89 87 50 37 9 - - - W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g : L i f e i n s u r a n c e _______________________________ E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d ---------------------------------J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d __________________________ A c c id e n ta l death and d is m e m b e r m e n t i n s u r a n c e __________________________________ E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d ______________________ J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d -------------------------------------S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e o r s i c k l e a v e o r b o t h 3 _______________________ S i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e -----E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d __________________ J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d — ---------------------------S ic k le a v e (full p a y , no w a itin g p e r i o d ) ------------------------------------------------------S ick leav e (partial pay or w aiting p e r i o d ) ------------------------------------------------------H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n i n s u r a n c e - ______________ E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d ______________________ J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ----------------------------------------S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e __________________________ E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d — __________________ J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ________________________ M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e ---------------------------------------E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d ______________________ J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ---------------------------------------C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e - --------------------------E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d ______________________ J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ----------------------------------------R e t i r e m e n t p l a n s 4 ------- -------------------------------R e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n --------------------------------E m p l o y e r f i n a n c e d __________________ J o i n t l y f i n a n c e d ______________________ L u m p - s u m p a y m e n t s ----------------------------N o p l a n s ------------------------------------------------------------- (5) - _ 100 1 00 _ 42 38 5 100 ioo 63 37 - 2 1 I n c l u d e s o n l y t h o s e p l a n s f o r w h i c h at l e a s t p a r t o f t h e c o s t i s b o r n e b y t h e e m p l o y e r a n d e x c l u d e s l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d p l a n s , s u c h a s w o r k m e n ’ s c o m p e n s a t i o n a n d s o c i a l s e c u r i t y ; h o w e v e r , p l a n s r e q u i r e d b y S t a t e t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i l i t y l a w s a r e i n c l u d e d if the e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t e s m o r e t h a n i s l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d o r t h e e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e b e n e f i t s i n e x c e s s o f t h e l e g a l requ irem en ts. 2 I n c l u d e s d ata f o r the B o r d e r S t a t e s r e g i o n in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 3 U n d u p l i c a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k l e a v e o r s i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 U n d u p l i c a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s in p l a n t s h a v i n g p r o v i s i o n s f o r p e n s i o n p la n s o r l u m p - s u m p a y m e n t s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 5 L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: B e c a u s e of r ou n d in g, s u m s o f i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s m a y not e q u a l to ta ls . T a b le 15. O th er Selected Benefits ( P e r c e n t o f p r o d u c t i o n and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in f l o u r and o t h e r g r a i n m i l l i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h f u n e r a l l e a v e p ay, U n i t e d S t a t e s , s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s , ar.d a r e a s , F e b r u a r y 1 9 6 7 ) U n ite d S ta te s 1 ju r y duty pay, and s e v e r a n c e p ay , Regions M iddle A tlantic Southeast Southwest Great Lakes Areas M iddle W est M ountain P acific Euffalo K a n s a s C it y 100 100 P rodu ction w o rk e rs W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h p rovision s for: F u n e r a l l e a v e p a y -----------------------------------------J u r y d u t y p a y _________________________________ S e v e r a n c e p a y 2 ______________________________ 79 73 53 94 94 8 6 28 30 17 60 60 40 91 80 52 85 82 45 93 42 83 97 88 8 6 100 100 1 00 69 69 41 91 65 58 62 82 17 1 00 1 00 100 87 O ffice w ork ers W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h p rovision s for: F u n e r a l l e a v e p a y -----------------------------------------J u r y d u t y p a y _________________________________ S e v e r a n c e p a y 2 ----------------------------------------------- 68 71 34 91 91 89 19 20 6 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r th e B o r d e r S ta te s r e g i o n in a d d i tio n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . P a y t o e m p l o y e e s p e r m a n e n t l y s e p a r a t e d f r o m t he c o m p a n y t h r o u g h n o f a u l t o f t h e i r 6 68 6 own. 87 77 29 81 81 92 Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey Scope of Survey The s u r v e y included e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r i m a r i l y engaged in m illin g flour or m e a l f r o m g ra in , excep t r ic e (industry 2041 as defined in the 1957 edition and the 1963 Su pple m ent of the Standard Indust rial C la s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l, p r e p a r e d by the U .S . B u re au of the Budg et). E s t a b li s h m e n t s p r i m a r i l y engaged in cleaning and polishing r ic e and in m anufacturing ric e fl our or m e a l (SIC 2 0 4 4 ) , and e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r i m a r i l y eng aged in m anufacturing p r e p a r e d fl ou r m i x e s f r o m p u r c h a s e d ingredie nts (SIC 2045) w e r e ex clude d f r o m the s u r v e y . S e pa ra te a u x ilia r y units, such as c en tra l o f f i c e s , a ls o w e r e ex clu ded. The e s t a b l is h m e n t s studied w e r e s e l e c t e d f r o m those em p lo y in g 20 w o r k e r s or m o r e at the tim e of r e f e r e n c e of the data u sed in com pilin g the u n iv e rs e li s t s (u n e m p lo ym en t in su ran ce lis t in g s c o m p ile d by the v a r io u s Sta te s). The num ber of e s t a b l is h m e n t s and w o r k e r s a ctu ally studied by the B u re a u , as w e ll as the num ber e s t i m a t e d to be within scop e of the s u r v e y during the p a y r o ll p e rio d studied, a r e shown in the foll ow in g table: Estimated Number of Establishments and Workers Within Scope of Survey and Number Studied, Flour and Other Grain Milling Establishments, February 1967 Number of establishments 3 Workers in establishments Within scope of survey Region * and area2 Within scope of survey Studied Studied Nonsupervisory Total 4 Production workers Office workers Total United States 5 ----------------- 198 132 16,985 12,565 1 ,609 14 ,1 2 0 Middle A tlan tic------------------------Buffalo----------------------------------Southeast----------------------------------Southwest----------------------------------Great Lakes--------------------------------Middle W est------------------------------Kansas C ity--------------------------Mountain----------- ------------------------Pacific----------------------------------------- 17 7 31 17 48 44 6 16 17 10 7 18 11 29 34 6 12 11 1 ,7 0 4 1 ,420 1 ,930 1,4 5 5 5 ,3 7 5 3 ,2 7 7 651 978 1,818 1,2 5 5 1,023 1 ,366 1 ,085 4 ,0 4 7 2 ,5 1 4 500 672 1 ,306 190 164 124 116 517 294 64 97 239 1, 507 1 ,4 2 0 1 ,4 2 5 1, 126 4 ,3 0 8 2 ,9 3 5 651 823 1 ,5 7 6 1 The regions used in this study include: Middle Atlantic— New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Southeast— Alabam a, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; Southwest— Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; Great Lakes— Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin; Middle West— Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain— Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New M exico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific— California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Alaska and Hawaii were excluded from the survey. 2 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, as defined by the U. S. Bureau of the Budget through March 1965. For definition of areas, see footnote 1, tables 6 and 7. Includes only establishments with 20 workers or more at the time of reference of the universe data. 4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate production and office worker categories. Includes data for the Border States region in addition to those shown separately. Meth od of Study Data w e r e obtained by p e r s o n a l v i s i t s of B u re au field e c o n o m i s t s unde r the d i r e c tion of the B u r e a u ' s A s s i s t a n t R egion al D i r e c t o r s , D iv ision o f O p e r a t i o n s . Th e s u r vey w a s conducted on a sa m p le b a s i s . To obtain a pprop ria te a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r proportion of l a r g e than o f s m a l l e s t a b l is h m e n t s w a s studied. In com binin g the data, h o w e v e r , all e s t a b l is h m e n t s w e r e giv en their approp ria te weight. A l l e s t i m a t e s are p r e s e n te d , t h e r e f o r e , as rela ting to all es t a b l is h m e n t s in the in du stry, excluding only those b elow the m i n i m u m s i z e at the t im e of r e f e r e n c e of the u n iv e rs e data. 23 E s ta b lis h m e n t D efin ition An e s t a b l is h m e n t , for p u r p o s e s of this study, is defined as a single ph y s ica l l o c a tion where industrial operations are p e r f o r m e d . An e s t a b l is h m e n t is not n e c e s s a r i l y id e n tic a l with the com p an y , which m a y c o n s is t of one or m o r e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . Em ploym ent The e s t i m a t e s of the number of w o r k e r s as a g e n e r a l guide to the s iz e and c o m p o s it io n The advance planning n e c e s s a r y to m ake a wage li s h m e n t s a s s e m b l e d c o n s i d e r a b ly in advance of within the scope of the study are intended of the labor fo r c e included in the s u r v e y . s u r vey r e q u ir e s the use of li s t s of e s t a b the p a y r o ll pe rio d studied. P rod u c tio n W o r k e r s The t e r m "p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s , " as used in this bulle tin, includes working f o r e m e n and all n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s engaged in nonoffice fu nctions. A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , ex e c u t iv e , p r o f e s s i o n a l and technic al p e r s o n n e l, and f o r c e - a c c o u n t con s tr u c tion e m p l o y e e s , who w e r e u tiliz ed as a s ep arate w o rk fo r c e on the f i r m ' s own p r o p e r t i e s , w e r e exclu ded. O ffic e Workers The t e r m " o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " includes all n o n s u p e r v i s o r y office w o r k e r s and ex clu des a d m i n i s t r a t iv e , e x ec u tiv e, p r o f e s s i o n a l , and technical e m p l o y e e s . Occupation s S e lec ted for Study Occupation al c la s s i f i c a t i o n wa s b a s e d on a u n ifo rm set of jo b d e s c rip t io n s de sign ed to take account of inter e s t a b l is h m e n t and in te r a r e a v a r ia tio n s in duties within the s a m e jo b . (See appendix B for these d e s c r i p t i o n s .) The occupations w e r e ch ose n fo r their n u m e r ic a l i m p o r t a n c e , their u s e f u ln e s s in c o lle c t i v e bargain in g, or their r e p r e s e n t a t i v e n e s s of the entire job s c a le in the in dust ry. W orking s u p e r v i s o r s , a p p r e n t i c e s , l e a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s , t r a i n e e s , handicapped, p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , and p r o ba tio n ar y w o r k e r s w e r e not r ep o r te d in the data fo r s e le c t e d occupations but w e r e included in the data fo r all production w o r k e r s . Wage Data The wage in fo rm a tio n r e la te s to a ver a ge s t r a i g h t - t i m e hourly e a r n in g s , excluding p r e m i u m pay for o v e r t i m e and for w o rk on w e ek en d s , h o lid a y s , and late sh ifts. Incentive p a y m e n ts , such as those resu lt in g f r o m p ie ce w o r k or production bonus s y s t e m s and c o s t o f- li v i n g b o n u s e s , w e r e included as a pa rt of the w o r k e r ' s r e g u l a r pay; but nonproduction bonus p a y m e n ts , such as C h r i s t m a s or y ear en d b o n u s e s , w e r e ex clu ded. A v e r a g e (mean) hourly rates or earnings for each occupation or other group of w o r k e r s , such as production w o r k e r s , w e r e calculated by weighting ea ch rate (or h ou rly earnings) by the number of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g the rate, totaling and dividing by the number of individuals. The hourly earnin gs of s a la r i e d w o r k e r s w e r e obtained by dividing their s t r a i g h t -t i m e s a l a r y by n o r m a l rather than actual h ou rs. The m ed ia n de sign a te s position; that i s , o n e -h a lf of the e m p l o y e e s s u r vey ed r e c e i v e d m o r e than this rate and o n e -h a lf r e c e i v e d l e s s . The m iddle range is defined by two rates of pay; o n e -f o u r t h of the e m p lo y e e s earned l e s s than the lo w er of these rates and o n e -f o u r t h earned m o r e than the higher rate. Size of C om m u n ity Tabulations by s iz e of c om m u n ity pe rtain to m e t r o p o li t a n and n on m etr op olitan a r e a s . The t e r m " m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a , " as u sed in this bulletin, r e f e r s to the Standard M e tr o p olita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a s as defined by the U .S . B u reau of the Budget through M a r c h 19 65 . E x c ep t in New En g la n d , a Standard M e tr o p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a is defined as a county or group of contiguous counties which contains at l e a s t one city of 50, 000 inhabitants or m o r e . Contiguous counties to the one containing such a city are included in a Standard M e tr o p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a , if, acco rd in g to c ertain c r i t e r i a , they a re e s s e n t i a l l y m e t r op olitan in c h a r a c t e r and are s o c i a l l y and e c o n o m i c a ll y inte grated with the cen tra l city. In New Engla nd, where the city and town a re a d m i n i s t r a t iv e l y m o r e im portant than the county, they are the units u sed in defining Standard M e tro polita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a s . Method of W a ge P a ym en t Ta bulatio ns by m eth od of wage pa ym ent r ela te to the number of w o r k e r s paid under the v a r i o u s tim e and incentive wage s y s t e m s . F o r m a l rate st ru c t u re s for t i m e - r a t e d w o r k e r s provide single ra t e s or a range of ra t e s fo r individual job c a t e g o r i e s . In the a b s e n ce of a f o r m a l rate s t r u c t u r e , pay ra t e s are d e te rm in ed p r i m a r i l y with r e f e r e n c e to the qualifica tio ns of the individual w o r k e r . A single rate structure is one in which the s a m e rate is paid to all ex p e rie n c e d w o r k e r s in the s a m e job c la s s if i c a t i o n . L e a r n e r s , a p p r e n t i c e s , or p r o b a tio n ary w o r k e r s m a y be paid acc o rd in g to rate sch ed ules which start b elow the single rate and p e r m i t the w o r k e r s to ach ieve the full job rate over a pe rio d of t im e . Individual e x p e r ie n c ed w o r k e r s m a y o c c a s i o n a lly be paid above or b elow the single rate fo r sp e c ia l r e a s o n s , but such pa ym e n ts are r e g a r d e d as e x c ep tio n s . Range of rate plans a re those in which the m i n i m u m a n d / o r m a x i m u m rates paid ex p e rie n c e d w o r k e r s for the s a m e job are s p e c ified . Spec ific r ates of individual w o r k e r s within the range m a y be d e te r m in e d by m e r i t , length of s e r v i c e , or a com bination of v a r io u s concepts of m e r i t and length of s e r v i c e . Incentive w o r k e r s are c l a s s i f i e d under p ie c e w o r k or bonus p lan s . P i e c e w o r k is w o rk fo r which a p r e d e te r m i n e d rate is paid for each unit of output. Pr od u c tio n bonuses a re b a s e d on produ ction in e x c e s s of a quota or fo r c om p letion of a job in l e s s than standa rd t im e . Scheduled W e e k l y H ou rs Data on w e e k ly hours r e f e r to the predom in an t w ork sched ule fo r duction w o r k e r s (or office w o r k e r s ) em p loy ed on the day shift. Shift P r o v i s i o n s fu ll-tim e pro and P r a c t i c e s Shift p r o v i s i o n s rela te to the p o li c i e s of e s t a b l is h m e n t s either c u rr e n t ly operating late shifts or having fo r m a l p r o v i s i o n s cov erin g late shift w o r k. P r a c t i c e s r e la te to w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on late shifts at the tim e of the s u rvey . Su p p le m en ta r y Wage P r o v i s i o n s Su p p le m en ta r y ben ef its w e r e tre ated s t a t i s ti c a l ly on the b a s i s that if f o r m a l p r o v is i o n s w e r e app licable to half or m o r e of the production (or office w o r k e r s ) in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t , the benefits w e r e c o n s i d e r e d applic able to all such w o r k e r s . S i m i l a r l y , if few er than half of the w o r k e r s w e r e c o v e r e d , the benefit w a s c o n s id e r e d non exist en t in the e s t a b lis h m en t. B e c a u s e of l e n g t h - o f - s e r v i c e and other elig ib ilit y r e q u i r e m e n t s , the pr o por tion of w o r k e r s r e c e i v in g the benefits m a y be s m a l l e r than e s t i m a t e d . P a id H o l i d a y s . vided annually. P a i d - h o li d a y p r o v i s i o n s r ela te to f u l l - d a y and h a l f - d a y hol idays p r o Pa id V a c a t i o n s . The s u m m a r i e s of v acation plans are li m i te d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s , excluding in fo r m a l plans w h e r e b y tim e off with pay is granted at the d i s c r e t i o n of the e m p lo y e r or the s u p e r v i s o r . P a y m e n t s not on a t im e b a s i s w e r e con v erte d; fo r e x a m p le , a paym ent of 2 p e rc e n t of annual earnings wa s c o n s id e r e d the equ ivalent of 1 w e e k 's pay. The pe rio d s of s e r v ic e fo r which data a re pres e n te d w e r e s e l e c t e d as r e p r e s e n ta t iv e of the m o s t c o m m o n p r a c t i c e s , but they do not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f le c t individual e s t a b l is h m e n t p r o v is i o n s for p r o g r e s s i o n . F o r e x a m p l e , the changes in pro portion s in dicated at 10 y e a r s of s e r v i c e m a y include changes which o c c u r r e d between 5 and 10 y e a r s . H ea lth, I n s u r a n c e , and R e t i r e m e n t P l a n s . Data a re p r e s e n te d fo r hea lt h, i n s u ra n c e , pension, and l u m p - s u m r e t ir e m e n t paym en t plans fo r which all or a pa rt of the cost is borne by the e m p l o y e r , excluding p r o g r a m s req u ir ed by la w, such as w o r k m e n ’ s c o m p e n s a t io n and s o c i a l s e c u r i ty . A m o n g the plans included are those u nderw ritte n by a c o m m e r c i a l in surance com p an y , and those paid d i r e c t ly by the e m p lo y e r f r o m his c u rren t operating funds or f r o m a fund set side for this p u r p o s e . 26 Death benefits are included as a f o r m of life i n s u ra n c e. S ic k n e s s and accident in suran ce is li m i te d to that type of in su ran ce under which p r e d e t e r m in e d cash pa ym e n ts are m ad e d i r e c t ly to the insured on a w e e k ly or monthly b a s i s during i lln e s s or accident disa bility. In form atio n is p r e s e n te d for all such plans to which the e m p lo y e r contributes at l e a s t a pa rt of the c o s t. H o w e v e r , in New Y o r k and New J e r s e y , w h e re t e m p o r a r y d isa bilit y in su ran ce laws r eq u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s , 16 plans a re included only if the e m p lo y e r (1) contributes m o r e than is le g a lly r eq u ir e d or (Z) prov des the e m p lo y e e s with b en efits which ex c ee d the r e q u ir e m e n ts of the law. Tabulatio ns of paid pay or a pr o p o r tio n of the fo r m a l a r r a n g e m e n t s have (1) plans which provide full pay or a waiting pe rio d. s i c k - l e a v e plans a re lim ite d to f o r m a l plans which provide full w o r k e r ’ s pay during a bse n ce f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e of i l l n e s s ; in been o m itted. Se para te tabulations a re provide d a cc o rd in g to pay and no waiting p e rio d , and (Z) plans providing either partial M e d i c a l insura nce r e f e r s to plans providing for c om p lete or p artial pa ym ent of d o c to r s* f e e s . Such plans m a y be underw ritte n by a c o m m e r c i a l in su ran ce com pany or a nonprofit o rg an iza tio n , or they m a y be s e l f - i n s u r e d . C ata strop h e in s u ra n c e , s o m e t i m e s r e f e r r e d to as extended m e d i c a l in s u ra n c e , in cludes the plans de sign ed to c ov er e m p lo y e e s in case of s i c k n e s s or injury involving an e x pe nse which g oes beyond the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e of h os p ita liza tio n , m e d i c a l , and s u r g ic a l plans. Tabu lations of r e t ir e m e n t pensions a re lim ite d to plans which provide r e g u la r p a y m en ts for the r e m a i n d e r of the r e t ir e e *s li f e . Data are p r e s e n te d s e p a r a t e ly for l u m p - s u m r e t ir e m e n t pay (one pa ym ent or s e v e r a l over a s p e c ified pe rio d of time) m ade to e m p lo y e e s on r e t ir e m e n t . E s t a b li s h m e n t s providing both l u m p - s u m p a ym e n ts and pensio ns to e m p lo y e e s on r e t ir e m e n t w e r e c o n s id e r e d as having both r e t ir e m e n t pen sio n and l u m p - s u m r e t ir e m e n t pay. E s t a b li s h m e n t s having optional plans providing e m p lo y e e s a choice of either l u m p - s u m r e t ir e m e n t pa ym e n ts or pensio ns w e r e c o n s id e r e d as having only r e t i r e m e n t pen sio n b e n e fits . Paid F u n e r a l and Jury Duty L e a v e . Data for paid fu n eral and ju r y duty le av e are lim ite d to f o r m a l plans which provide at l e a s t p artial paym en t for tim e lo s t as a r e s u lt of attending fu n e ra ls of s p e c ifie d f a m i ly m e m b e r s or ser v in g as a j u r o r . Severance P a y . Data r ela te to fo r m a l plans providing fo r pa ym e n ts to e m p lo y e e s p e rm a n en tly se p a r a t e d f r o m the com pany through no fault of their own. 16 The temporary disability insurance laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The p r i m a r y purpose of pr ep ar in g job d e s c rip t io n s for the B u r e a u 's wage s u r v e y s is to a s s i s t its field staff in c la s s i f y i n g into approp riate occupations w o r k e r s who are em p loy ed under a v ar iety of p a y r o ll titles and diffe rent w ork a r r a n g e m e n t s fr o m e s t a b l is h m e n t to e s t a b l is h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to a r e a . This p e r m i t s the grouping of o c cupa tio nal wage rates repr ese n tin g c o m p a r a b le job content. B e c a u s e of this e m p h a s i s on in te r e s ta b li s h m e n t and i n t e r a re a c o m p a r a b i li t y of occupatio nal content, the B u r e a u 's job d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y diffe r s ign ific a n tly f r o m those in use in individual e s t a b l is h m e n t s or those p r ep a r ed for other p u r p o s e s . In applying these job d e s c r i p t i o n s , the B u r e a u 's field e c o n o m i s t s are instructe d to exclude wo rking s u p e r v i s o r s ; a p p r e n t i c e s ; l e a r n e r s ; b e g i n n e r s ; t r a i n e e s ; handi c apped, p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , and pro ba tio n ary w o r k e r s . BOLTER (Sifter operator) Sifts ground grain in the sifting m a c h in e s to r e m o v e the broke n k e rn e ls and lumps to be returned to grinding m i l l s fo r further p r o c e s s i n g ; and adjusts feed s li de s so m achine can take in only as m u c h grain as it w i l l sift. G R A IN E L E V A T O R OPERATOR Has charge of grain unloading fr o m trucks or r ailr oa d c a r s . Tends el evating m a c h i n e r y , and m a y do m i n o r r e p a ir and m ainten an ce w o r k on elevating m a c h i n e r y . Sees that v ariou s g ra d es of gra in go to sep arate b in s . D e t e r m i n e s where gra in is to be s tor ed and is r e s p o n s ib le for sending d e s i r e d gra in to m i l l . M a y a ctually do unlo ad ing, and m a y a ls o run grain through o rig in a l sc r e e n in g or cleaning p r o c e s s which r e m o v e s large p ie c e s o f fo r eign m atter. J A N IT O R (S w eep er; c h ar w o m an ; j a n i tr e s s ) C le an s and keeps in an o r d e r l y condition fa c to r y working a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , or p r e m i s e s of an o f f i c e , a p a r t m e n t h o u s e , or c o m m e r c i a l , or other e s t a b lis h m e n t . Duties involve a c om b in ation of the f o llo w in g : Sw ee ping, mopping or s c r u b b in g , and po lishing f l o o r s ; r em o v in g c h i p s , t r a s h , and other r e f u s e ; dusting eq u ipm en t, fu r n itu r e , or fix tu r e s ; po lishing m e t a l fi x tu r es or t r i m m i n g s ; providing supp lies and m i n o r maintenance s e r v i c e s ; and cleaning l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s who s p e c ia li z e in window washing a re ex clu ded. L A B ORE R , M A TERIA L HANDLING (L o a d e r and u n lo ad er; handler and s t a c k e r ; w a r e h o u s e m a n or w a r e h o u s e helper) shelver; tru c k e r ; stockm an or stock h elp er ; A w o r k e r em p lo y ed in a w a r e h o u s e , man ufacturing plant, s t o r e , or other e s t a b l i s h m e n t whose duties involve one or m o r e of the fo llo w in g : Loading and unloading variou s m a t e r i a l s and m e r c h a n d i s e on or f r o m fr e ig h t c a r s , t r u c k s , or other tra nsporting d e v i c e s ; unpacking, s h elv in g , or placing m a t e r i a l s or m e r c h a n d i s e in p r o p e r storage lo cation; and transp orting m a t e r i a l s or m e r c h a n d i s e by handtruck, c a r , or w h e e lb a r r o w . Longshorem en, who load and unload s h i p s , are e x c lu d e d . 27 28 M E CH A NIC , GENERAL P e r f o r m s the w o r k of two or m o r e m aintenance trades rath er than s p e c ia liz in g in only one trade or one type of m ain ten an ce w o r k . T y p i c a l l y , the w o r k of a g e n e r a l m ec h an ic r e q u ir e s rounded training and ex p e rie n c e u s u ally acquired through a f o r m a l a ppren tic esh ip or equivalent training and e x p e r i e n c e . The c la s s if i c a t i o n include s w o r k e r s who r e g u l a r ly p e r f o r m two or m o r e types of skilled m aintenance w o r k within a section or d e pa rtm en t of a la rg e e s t a b l i s h m e n t , such as pipefitting, m i l l w r i g h t i n g , w e ld in g , m a c h in in g , m achine and equipm en t r e p a i r i n g , and c a r p e n tr y, among o th e r s . It a ls o include s w o r k e r s that maintain and rep a ir m a c h i n e s , m e c h a n i c a l and e l e c t r i c a l eq u ipm en t, a n d / o r the stru ctu re of a s m a l l e s t a b l is h m e n t w h e re s p e c ia liza tio n in m aintenance w o r k is i m p r a c t i c a l . It does not, h o w e v e r , include w o r k e r s who only m ak e m in o r r e p a i r s or a d ju s t m e n ts . M IL LER , FLOUR (S EC O N D M I L L E R ) P e r f o r m s any or a ll n e c e s s a r y c le an in g, grinding, bolting (s iftin g ), and packing jo bs in a grain m i l l . Starts m a c h i n e r y and ex a m i n e s grain at v ariou s s tag es of m an u factu re to de te rm in e d e g r e e of fi n e n e s s . In spects v ariou s m i l l s for p r o p e r operation and m a k e s any n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m e n ts . M IL LW R IG H T In stall s new m a c h in e s or h ea vy eq u ipm en t, and d i s m a n t le s and in s ta lls m a c h i n e s or heavy equipm en t when changes in the plant layout are r eq u ir e d . W o r k in volv es m o s t o f the fo llow ing: Planning and laying out of the w o r k; in te rp reting b lu eprints or other s p e c if i c a t i o n s ; using a v a r ie t y o f handtools and rig gin g; making standard shop com putations relating to s t r e s s e s , strength of m a t e r i a l s , and c e n t e r s of g ravity; alining and balancing of equipment; s elec tin g standard t o o ls , eq u ipm en t, and pa rts to be used ; and in sta llin g and m aintaining in good working o r d e r po wer t r a n s m i s s i o n eq u ipm en t, such as d r i v e s and speed r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l , the m i l l w r i g h t ’s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u ir e s a rounded training and e x p e r ie n c e in the trade acqu ired through a f o r m a l a ppren tic esh ip or equivalent training and e x p e r i e n c e . O IL E R L u b r i c a t e s , with oil or g r e a s e , the mov ing parts or w e ar in g equipm en t o f an e s t a b l is h m e n t . surfaces of m echanical PACKER Ten d s a m achine that sa ck s and weighs finished products or m a t e r i a l s ; p la c e s em p ty sa ck or bag o v e r d is c h a r g e n o z z le or spout of packing m a c h i n e ; s t a r ts flow of product or m a t e r i a l into sack; and shuts off or stops flow of product or m a t e r i a l when s p ecified weight or amount has en tered the s a ck (m achin e m a y do this a u t o m a ti c a lly ). M a y s e a l or c lo s e sa ck s by hand or m a c h i n e . M a y m ak e ad ju s tm en ts and m i n o r r e p a i r s . F o r wage Packer, Packer, ROLL study p u r p o s e s , p a c k e rs are c l a s s i f i e d by p r o d u c t, as fo llo w s : feed flour TENDER R eg u la te s flow o f grain bet ween grinding r o l l e r s o f a r oll ing m i l l . W o r k in clu de s: M ovin g r o l l e r s toget her so that grain p a s s in g between them w i ll be c r u s h e d ; and starts fe e d e r r o ll which m o v e s grain out o f supply hopper o f m i l l and c a u s e s it to fa ll between rotating grinding r o l l s . SMUTTER W a s h e s and s c o u r s gra in which is infested with s m u t , by operating a washing m a chine and a s c ou r in g m a c h i n e . M a y a ls o w e igh , t e m p e r , and condition grain for grinding. M a y c le a n , a d ju s t, and a s s i s t in r epa irin g m a c h i n e r y . 29 TRUCKER, POWER O p e r a te s a m an u a lly con troll ed g a s o li n e - or e l e c t r i e - p o w e r e d truck or tra c to r to t ra n s p o rt goods and m a t e r i a l s of all kinds about a w a r e h o u s e , m an u factu rin g plant, or other e sta b lis h m e n t . For wage Trucker, Trucker, study purposes, workers power (forklift) po we r (other than forklift) are classified by type of tru ck, as fo llow s : Industry Wage Studies T h e m o s t r e c e n t r e p o r t s f o r i n d u s t r i e s i n c l u d e d in the B u r e a u * s p r o g r a m o f i n d u s t r y w a g e s u r v e y s s i n c e J a n u a r y 1950 a r e l i s t e d b e l o w . T h os e f o r w h ich a p r i c e i s s h o w n a r e a v a i l a b l e f r o m the S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U. S. G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . , Z 0 4 0 Z , o r a n y o f it s r e g i o n a l sa les o ffic e s . T h o s e f o r w h i c h a p r i c e is n o t s h o w n m a y b e o b t a i n e d f r e e a s l o n g a s a s u p p l y is a v a i l a b l e , f r o m the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s , W a s h i n g t o n , D. C . , Z0Z1Z, o r f r o m a n y o f the r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s s h o w n o n the i n s i d e b a c k c o v e r . I. Occupational Wage Studies M a n u fa ctu rin g B a s i c I r o n and S t e e l, 196Z. B L S B u l l e t i n 1358 (3 0 c e n t s ) . C a n d y and O t h e r C o n f e c t i o n e r y P r o d u c t s , 196 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 15Z0 (3 0 c e n t s ) . ^ C a n n in g and F r e e z i n g , 1 9 5 7 . B L S R e p o r t 136. C i g a r M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1436 (3 0 c e n t s ) . C i g a r e t t e M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 147Z (2 0 c e n t s ) . C o t t o n T e x t i l e s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1506 (4 0 c e n t s ) . D i s t i l l e d L i q u o r s , 195Z. S e r i e s Z, N o . 88. F a b r i c a t e d S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l, 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1463 (3 0 c e n t s ) . F e r t i l i z e r M a n u fa c tu r in g , 1966. B L S B u l l e t i n 1531 (3 0 c e n t s ) . F l o u r a n d O t h e r G r a i n M i l l P r o d u c t s , 1 9 6 1 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1337 (3 0 c e n t s ) . F l u i d M i l k I n d u s t r y , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1464 ( 3 0 c e n t s ) . F o o t w e a r , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1503 (5 0 c e n t s ) . H o s i e r y , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1456 (4 5 c e n t s ) . I n d u s t r i a l C h e m i c a l s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 15Z9 (4 0 c e n t s ) . I r o n and S t e e l F o u n d r i e s , 196Z. B L S B u l l e t i n 1386 (4 0 c e n t s ) . L e a t h e r T a n n i n g a n d F i n i s h i n g , 1 9 6 3 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1378 (4 0 c e n t s ) . M a c h i n e r y M a n u f a c t u r i n g , 1 9 6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1563 (7 0 c e n t s ) . M e a t P r o d u c t s , 1 9 6 3 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1415 (7 5 c e n t s ) . M e n ’ s and B o y s * S h i r t s ( E x c e p t W o r k S h ir t s ) an d N i g h t w e a r , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1457 (4 0 c e n t s ) . Men* s and B o y s * S u its and C o a t s , 1 9 6 3 . B L S B u l l e t i n 14Z4 (6 5 c e n t s ) . M i s c e l l a n e o u s P l a s t i c s P r o d u c t s , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1439 (3 5 c e n t s ) . M i s c e l l a n e o u s T e x t il e s , 1953. B L S R e p o r t 56. M o t o r V e h i c l e s an d M o t o r V e h i c l e P a r t s , 196 3 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1393 (4 5 c e n t s ) . N o n f e r r o u s F o u n d r ie s , 1965. B L S B u l l e t i n 1498 (4 0 c e n t s ) . P a i n t s and V a r n i s h e s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 15Z4 (4 0 c e n t s ) . P a p e r b o a r d C o n t a i n e r s a n d B o x e s , 1 9 6 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1478 (7 0 c e n t s ) . P e t r o l e u m R e f i n i n g , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 15Z6 ( 3 0 c e n t s ) . P r e s s e d o r B l o w n G l a s s an d G l a s s w a r e , 196 4 . B L S B u l l e t i n 14Z3 (3 0 c e n t s ) . ^ P r o c e s s e d W a s t e , 195 7 . B L S R e p o r t 1Z4. P u l p , P a p e r , and P a p e r b o a r d M i l l s , 196Z. B L S B u l l e t i n 1341 (4 0 c e n t s ) . R a d i o , T e l e v i s i o n , a n d R e l a t e d P r o d u c t s , 1 9 5 1 . S e r i e s Z, N o . 8 4 . R a i l r o a d C a r s , 195Z. S e r i e s Z, N o . 8 6 . * R a w S u g a r , 1 9 5 7 . B L S R e p o r t 136. S o u t h e r n S a w m i l l s a n d P l a n i n g M i l l s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1519 (3 0 c e n t s ) . S tr u c tu r a l C la y P r o d u c t s , 1964. B L S B u l l e t i n 1459 ( 4 5 c e n t s ) . S y n t h e t ic F i b e r s , 1 9 6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1540 (3 0 c e n t s ) . S y n t h e t ic T e x t i l e s , 1 9 6 5 . 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B L S B u l l e t i n 1553 (7 0 c e n t s ) . H o t e l s and M o t e l s , 1 9 6 3 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1406 (4 0 c e n t s ) . L a u n d r y and C l e a n i n g S e r v i c e s , 196 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 154 4 (6 0 c e n t s ) . L ife In su ra n ce , 1966. B L S B u l l e t i n 1569 (3 0 c e n t s ) . M o t i o n P i c t u r e T h e a t e r s , 1 9 6 6 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1542 ( 3 5 c e n t s ) . N u r s i n g H o m e s and R e l a t e d F a c i l i t i e s , 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1492 (4 5 c e n t s ) . II. Earnings Distributions Studies F a c t o r y W o r k e r s 1 E a rn in g s— D is trib u tio n by S tr a ig h t-T im e H ou rly E a r n i n g s , 1 9 5 8 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1252 (4 0 c e n t s ) . F a c t o r y W o r k e r s * E a r n i n g s — S e l e c t e d M a n u f a c t u r i n g I n d u s t r i e s , 195 9 . B L S B u l l e t i n 127 5 ( 3 5 c e n t s ) . E m p l o y e e s E a r n i n g s and H o u r s , J u n e 1965— R eta il T ra d e . B L S B u l l e t i n 1501 (5 0 c e n t s ) . B u i l d i n g M a t e r i a l s , H a r d w a r e , and F a r m E q u i p m e n t D e a l e r s . B L S B u lle tin 1 5 0 1 -1 (25 c e n t s ). G en eral M erch an d ise S tores. B L S B u l l e t i n 1 5 0 1 - 2 (4 0 c e n t s ) . Food S tores. B L S B u l l e t i n 1 5 0 1 - 3 (3 0 c e n t s ) . A u t o m o t i v e D e a l e r s and G a s o l i n e S e r v i c e S t a t i o n s . B L S B u lle tin 1 5 0 1 -4 (40 c e n ts ). A p p a r e l and A c c e s s o r y S t o r e s . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 5 0 1 - 5 (4 5 c e n t s ) . F u r n i t u r e , H o m e F u r n i s h i n g s , and H o u s e h o l d A p p l ic in c e S t o r e s . B L S B u l l e t i n 1 5 0 1 - 6 (4 0 c e n t s ) . M isce lla n e o u s S tores. B L S B u l l e t i n 1 5 0 1 - 7 (3 0 c e n t s ) . E m p lo y e e E a rn in gs C entral R eg ion s, E m p loy ee E arn in gs B L S B u l l e t i n 1533 * and H o u r s in N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n A r e a s o f the S o u th and N o r t h 1 9 6 5 . B L S B u l l e t i n 1552 (5 0 c e n t s ) . and H o u r s in E i g h t M e t r o p o l i t a n A r e a s o f the Sou th , 1 9 6 5 . (4 0 c e n t s ) . Studies of the effects of the $1 m inim um wage. U. S. GOVERNM ENT PRINTING O FFIC E : 1967 O - 2 8 4 -2 8 7 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES New England John F . Kennedy Federal Building Governm ent C enter, Room 1603-B Boston, M a ss. 02203 T e l .: 2 2 3 -6 7 6 2 Mid-Atlantic 341 Ninth Avenue New York , N. Y . 10001 T e l .: 9 7 1 -5 4 0 5 Southern 1371 Peachtree Street, NE. Atlanta, G a. 30309 T e l .: 5 2 6 -5 4 1 8 North Central 219 South Dearborn Street C hicago, 111. 60604 T e l .: 3 5 3-723 0 Pacific 450 Golden Gate Avenue Box 36017 San F ran cisc o, C alif. 94102 T e l .: 5 5 6 -4 6 7 8 Mountain-Plains Federal Office Building, Third Floor 911 Walnut Street Kansas C itv. M o. 64106 T e l . : 3 74- 248 1
