The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
A. £f\U ✓ '7 Industry Wage Survey: Drug Manufacturing, September 1978 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics October 1980 Bulletin 2077 docum ent E lection OCT2 3 1980 °a y to n & to Publ'c Industry Wage Survey: Drug Manufacturing, September 1978 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood October 1980 Bulletin 2077 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402—Price $3.25 Preface vision of Occupational Wage Structures prepared the analysis. Fieldwork for the survey was directed by the Assistant Regional Commissioners for Operations. Other reports available from the Bureau’s program of industry wage studies, as well as the addresses of the Bureau’s regional offices, are listed at the end of this bulletin. Unless specifically identified as copyright, material in this publication is in the public domain and may, with appropriate credit, be reproduced without permission. This bulletin summarizes the results of an occupa tional wage survey in the drug manufacturing indus tries conducted for the first time by BLS in September 1978. Releases were issued earlier for Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif.; New York-Northeastern New Jersey; and the State of New Jersey. Copies are available from the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212, or any of its regional offices. The study was conducted in the Bureau’s Office of Wages and Industrial Relations. Carl Barsky in the Di in Contents Page Summary........................................................................................................................................... Industry characteristics.................................................................................................................... Employment and staffing.............................................................................................................. Type of facility............................................................................................................................. Major products.................................................................................................. Productivity and production........................................................................................................ Processes...................................................................................................................................... Location......................................................................................................................................... Size of establishment...................................................................................................................... Unionization................................................................................................................................. Method of wage payment.......................... 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Average hourly earnings.................................................................................................................... 2 Occupational earnings...................................................................................................................... 3 Production w orkers...................................................................................................................... 3 Professional and technical workers.............................................................................................. 4 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions...........................................................4 Scheduled weekly h o u rs........................................ 4 Shift differential provisions and practices..................................................................................... 4 Paid holidays................................................................................................................................. 5 Paid vacations............................................................................................................................... 5 Health, insurance, and retirement plans....................................................................................... 5 Other selected benefits.................................................................................................... 5 Benefits of professional and technical workers..............................................................................5 Text tables: 1. Percent of production workers in drug manufacturing whose earnings fell within specified intervals, United States and selected regions, September 1978............................. 3 2. Regional pay relationships for selected production occupations in drug manufacturing, September 1978 ...................................................................................................................... 3 3. Regional pay relationships for selected professional and technical occupations in drug manufacturing, September 1978 ............................................................................................. 4 4. Earnings of level II chemists and science technicians, New York-Northeastern New Jersey, September 1978 ...................................................................................................4 Reference tables: 1. Average hourly earnings of production workers by selected characteristics......................... 6 Earnings distribution: Production workers 2. All establishments.................................................................................................................. 7 3. Pharmaceuticals...................................................................................................................... 8 v Contents—Continued Page Occupational averages: Production workers 4. All establishments.................................................................................................................. 9 5. Pharmaceuticals.......................................................................................................................10 6. By size of com m unity............... 11 7. By labor-management contract coverage.............................................................................. 12 8. Los Angeles—Long Beach Calif.......................................................................... 13 Occupational earnings: Production workers 9. New Jersey.............................................................................................................................. 14 10. New York—Northeastern New Jersey....................................................................................15 Occupational averages: Professional and technical workers 11. All establishments...................................................................................................................16 12. Pharmaceuticals.......................................................................................................................18 Occupational earnings: Professional and technical workers 13. Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif............................................................................................20 14. New Jersey..............................................................................................................................20 15. New York—Northeastern New Jersey....................................................................................21 Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions: Production workers: 16. Method of wage paym ent.......................................................................................................21 17. Scheduled weekly h o u rs ......................................................................................................... 22 18. Shift differential provisions...................................................................................................22 19. Shift differential practices....................................................................................................... 23 20. Paid holidays.........................................................................................................................24 21. Paid vacations............................ 25 22. Health, insurance, and retirement plans................................................................................26 23. Other selected benefits............................................................................................................27 Professional and technical workers: 24. Selected benefits..................................................................... 28 Appendixes: A. Scope and method of survey................................................................................................... 29 B. Occupational descriptions..................................................................................................... .33 vi Drug Manufacturing, September 1978 Summary plasma, serums, and vaccines; 2) medicinal chemicals and botanical products, primarily in bulk form; and 3) pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceuticals are by far the largest of the three, accounting for more than fourfifths of the drug industries’ work force. Straight-time earnings of production and related workers in drug manufacturing averaged $5.81 an hour in September 1978. Slightly more than nine-tenths of the 54,332 production workers covered by the survey1 earned between $3.50 and $8.50; the middle 50 percent earned between $4.63 and $6.92. Among the four regions12 for which data could be shown separately, earnings averaged $6.42 in the Mid dle Atlantic, $5.72 in the Middle West, $5.07 in the Pa cific, and $4.78 in the Southeast. Pay levels also varied by community size, degree of unionization, and occupation. Among the 21 production worker occupations stud ied separately, nationwide average hourly earnings ranged from $8.14 for maintenance pipefitters to $4.44 for production packagers performing both hand and machine packaging.3 Information developed for work ers in four professional and technical categories showed that pay levels for biologists, chemists, and engineers ranged from about $265 to $650 a week for six levels of skill and responsibility within each job while those for three levels of science technicians fell between $200 and $300 weekly. Virtually all of the production workers were in es tablishments providing paid holidays and paid vaca tions, and contributing at least part of the cost of var ious health, insurance, and retirement plans. Production workers typically received 10 to 12 holidays annually, and, depending on their years of service, between 2 and 5 weeks of paid vacation. Benefits for professional and technical workers were usually the same as for produc tion workers in the same establishment, although some professionals received more liberal vacation benefits. Employment and staffing. Establishments within the scope of the study (those with at least 50 workers) em ployed about 125,000 workers in September 1978 (table A-l). About 44 percent of these, or slightly over 54,000, were production and related workers. Another 18,000 (14 percent) were professionals; and 7,000 (6 percent) were technical workers. The remainder were primari ly office clerical employees or salesworkers. Chemical industries in general and drug manufactur ing in particular employ a relatively large proportion of nonproduction workers. Whereas nonproduction workers make up about one-fourth of total employment in the manufacturing sector, they account for somewhat over one-half of total employment in drugs. A large part of the nonproduction work force in drugs is en gaged in quality control and research and development. The Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (PMA) estimates that their members employed 24,000 workers in research and development activities and 10,000 full-time worker equivalents in quality control;4 more than half of those engaged in R&D were profes sionals, many with advanced degrees. Obviously, re search and development is extremely important to drug companies because of industry competition and because Federal laws require that a new drug must be proven safe and effective before being put on the market. Sim ilarly, Federal regulations mandate strict quality control measures. Type o f facility. Slightly more than one-half of the 284 establishments within the scope of the Bureau’s survey had both manufacturing and research facilities at the same location. About two-fifths were plants without research facilities; the remainder were separate research laboratories. Industry characteristics Drug manufacturing industries consist of three seg ments: 1) Biological products, such as diagnostic agents, 1See appendix A for scope and method of study. Survey coverage was reduced to 84 percent of the nationwide employment in these industries because of the unavailability of data from large establish ments in the industry that could not be adequately represented by other establishments. Because these nonrespondents were centered in the Great Lakes region, which has about one-fourth of the industries’ work force, data for the region could not be shown separately. 2For a definition of regions, see appendix A, table A -l, footnote 1. 3See appendix B for occupational descriptions. 4 PMA Factbook ‘76 (Washington, D.C.: Pharmaceutical Manufac turers Association, 1976), pp. 8 and 26. Research and development expenditures account for about 10 percent of total sales revenue by PMA member firms. About 15 new single entity drugs are introduced into the U.S. market each year. 1 accounted for about one-sixth and the Middle West and Pacific regions each employed about 6 percent. Metropolitan areas6 accounted for 86 percent of all workers and 78 percent of production workers, reflect ing a somewhat greater tendency for plants to be in nonmetropolitan areas than for offices or research fa cilities. For example, only about one-third of the 45,000 workers in the New York-Northeastern New Jersey area were production workers. By contrast, in the Southeast, a primarily nonmetropolition region, about two-thirds of the 14,000 employees were production workers. Major products. Establishments whose major products were pharmaceuticals employed 85 percent of the in dustries’ production workers. Of the nearly 46,000 pro duction workers in the pharmaceuticals industry, about three-fifths were in plants chiefly producing prescrip tion, or ethical, drugs and two-fifths were in plants pri marily making over-the-counter drugs. The remaining 15 percent of the drug manufacturing work force was split about evenly between establishments chiefly mak ing biological products and those primarily producing medicinal chemicals and botanicals. Productivity and production. Between 1963 and 1978, output per employee hour in pharmaceuticals rose at an average annual rate of 4.7 percent, compared with 2.0 percent in the private economy as a whole.5 The relatively sharp rise resulted from pharmaceutical out put nearly tripling while employee hours rose by 50 percent. Contributing to productivity gains have been increased economies of scale and improvements in pro duction and control technologies. The large increase in pharmaceutical production, according to PMA, relates to rapidly growing demand for these products, trig gered, in part, by an increasing proportion of the elder ly in the population, the increased availability of med ical insurance, and the availability of new drugs to meet a wide variety of needs. Size of establishment. Establishments employing at least 500 workers accounted for two-thirds of the pro duction workers in September 1978. Regionally, these larger establishments employed three-fourths of the pro duction workers in the Middle Atlantic, seven-tenths in the Southeast, three-tenths in the Middle West, and one-fifth in the Pacific. Unionization. One-third of the production workers were in establishments having union contracts covering a majority of these workers. Union contracts covered slightly more than one-half of the production workers in the Middle Atlantic and in the Middle West, in con trast to less than one-tenth each in the Southeast and Pacific regions. The International Chemical Workers Union and the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers Un ion (both AFL-CIO affiliates) were the largest in the industries. Processes. Although a wide variety of products are manufactured in the drug industries, the same general production methods apply to most substances. The pro cedures for producing a tablet illustrate these methods. Ingredients are mixed according to a predetermined formula in a unit tended by a chemical operator. After this initial processing, the ingredients are granulated to produce a powdery substance and compressed into tab let form. A coating may be added at this point to fla vor or color the tablet or to control disintegration time. The final step in the process is packaging, which in volves wrapping individual tablets and/or placing a group of tablets in containers. Packagers account for about one-fifth of the production workers in the indus try, primarily because this process is least adaptable to automation. Because of quality control measures and the industry’s tendency to produce on a job order ba sis, products tend to be made in small batches. Thus, many workers are engaged in placing batch numbers in product containers or in packaging tasks that vary from batch to batch. Method of wage payment. Virtually all production workers were paid time rates in September 1978, usu ally under formal plans providing ranges of rates for specific occupations (table 16). The proportion of work ers paid under these plans (three-fourths) was the high est among manufacturing industries studied by BLS. Rate-range plans accounted for between two-thirds and five-sixths of the workers in each of the regions shown separately. Most of the remaining workers were paid single rates for a given occupation. Average hourly earnings The 54,332 production workers within the scope of the study averaged $5.81 an hour in September 1978 (table 1). About half of the workers were in the Mid dle Atlantic region, where the average was $6.42. In the other regions permitting comparison, hourly pay levels were $4.78 in the Southeast, $5.72 in the Middle West, and $5.07 in the Pacific. Location. The Middle Atlantic States accounted for nearly one-half of the production workers covered by the September 1978 survey. Among the remaining re gions for which data could be published, the Southeast 6 Standard Metropolitan Statistical areas as defined by the U.S. Of fice of Management and Budget through February 1974. The New York-Northeastern N.J. area consists of the New York and NassauSuffolk areas, N.Y.; Newark, Jersey City, New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville, Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, and Long Branch-Asbury Park, N.J.; and Stamford and Norwalk, Conn. 5Productivity in Selected Industries, 1979 Edition, Bulletin 2054 (Bu reau of Labor Statistics, 1979). Data are not available for the other drug industries. 2 Workers in metropolitan areas and those covered by labor-management agreement enjoyed substantial pay advantages over their counterparts in nonunion firms and in smaller communities. Much of the nationwide differences observed in these comparisons stemmed from the disproportionate effect of the relatively highpaying Middle Atlantic region. That region accounted for three-fifths of all workers in metropolitan areas and three-fourths of the total in union establishments com pared to less than one-tenth in nonmetropolitan areas and to one-third of the nonunion work force. The union-to-nonunion wage differential, for example, was 16 percent nationwide compared with 6 percent in the Middle Atlantic region. Similarly, the size of commu nity differential was reduced from 24 percent to less than 1 percent. Nationwide, and in each of the four regions studied separately, production workers in pharmaceutical plants averaged slightly less than those in drug manufacturing as a whole ($5.75 compared with $5.81). Slightly more than nine-tenths of the production workers earned between $3.50 and $8.50 an hour; the middle 50 percent earned between $4.63 and $6.92 (ta ble 2). This relatively high degree of dispersion reflects, in part, regional pay differences. As illustrated in text table 1, about seven-tenths of the workers in the Southeast region averaged less than $5 an hour, com pared with just over one-half in the Pacific, threeeighths in the Middle West, and only about one-eighth in the Middle Atlantic States. By contrast, one-third of the Middle Atlantic work force earned more than $7 an hour, compared with about 3 percent in the Southeast. (Tables 2 and 3 provide full earnings distributions.) these categories ranged from $8.14 for maintenance pipefitters to $4.44 for production packagers perform ing both hand and machine tasks (table 4). The latter category was also the largest studied, accounting for nearly one-tenth of the production work force. Other numerically important occupational groups and their averages included machine packagers, $5.27; hand pack agers, $4.97; janitors, $5.54; class B chemical operators, $5.92; and class A operators, $7.19. Pay levels were usually highest in the Middle Atlan tic and lowest in the Southeast for occupational classi fications permitting comparison across all four regions shown separately (text table 2). The interregional spread was 15 percent or less for the three skilled maintenance jobs but more than 30 percent for 5 of the 6 other jobs compared. Occupational averages in pharmaceutical plants were generally about the same as those for drugs as a whole (table 5). Where differences occurred, they were always less than 5 percent. Nationwide, occupational averages were generally higher in metropolitan than in nonmetropolitan areas (table 6) and in union than in nonunion establishments (table 7). However, there were some exceptions to these patterns. Nonunion workers in the Middle West, for example, usually had higher occupational averages than their union counterparts. Earnings of individual workers varied widely even within limited geographic boundaries. These variations are illustrated by separate tabulations for Los AngelesLong Beach, New York-Northeastern New Jersey, and the State of New Jersey (tables 8-10). Within any of these three locales, earnings of the highest paid work er in each job usually exceeded those of the lowest paid worker by more than $2 an hour. These broad ranges of earnings primarily reflect widely varying pay levels among establishments. Occupational earnings Production workers. Earnings information was devel oped for 21 occupations selected to represent the wage structure and activities of production and related work ers in drug manufacturing. These jobs accounted for half of the 54,332 production workers within the scope of the study. Nationwide, average hourly earnings in Text table 2. Regional pay relationships for selected production occupations in drug manufacturing, September 1978 (United States average earnings for each occupation = 100) Occupation Text table 1. Percent of production workers in drug manufacturing whose earnings fell within specified intervals, United States and selected regions, September 1978 $6 a n d . under $7 $7 and over Region Under $5 $5 and under $6 United States1 ................. 33.8 21.7 21.6 22.8 Middle Atlantic............... Southeast......................... Middle W est..................... Pacific.............................. 13.5 71.9 37.3 53.6 22.8 15.4 29.7 24.6 30.1 9.9 14.0 12.3 33.7 2.7 18.9 9.3 South east 101 90 95 93 102 103 97 89 96 102 100 92 112 110 80 94 97 91 95 87 107 112 116 108 75 84 84 82 88 106 91 113 83 96 88 80 Pacific Maintenance Electrician....................... .... ........ Maintenance worker, general utility ........................................... Mechanic (machinery) ................ Processing Chemical operator, class B ........ Production packager................... Custodial and material movement Janitor.......................................... Power-truck operator.................. Shipper........................................ Receiver...................................... 1 Includes data for regions in additon to those shown separately. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100 . Middle West Middle Atlantic 3 Professional and technical workers. Earnings informa tion also was developed for about 14,000 professional and technical workers in four general categories. These included about 2,900 biologists, 5,300 chemists, 1,300 engineers, and 4,700 science technicians. Together, the four categories accounted for just under three-fifths of the 25,000 professional and technical workers within the scope of the study. Average weekly earnings are presented in tables 11 and 12 for six levels7 each of bi ologists, chemists, and engineers and three levels of technicians. In September 1978, average weekly pay levels ranged from $265 for entry level personnel to $650 for highly experienced professional workers and from $200 to $300 for technicans. Among the professional categories, averages were fairly similar for biologists and chemists but fell some what below averages for engineers at each level. At the entry level in the Middle Atlantic States, for exam ple, biologists (I) and chemists (I) had weekly averages of $300.50 and $282, respectively, compared with $356.50 for engineers (I). Science technicians generally averaged less than the professionals. However, the top level technicians stud ied (III) averaged as much as or more than entry level biologists and chemists in most instances permitting comparisons. The Middle Atlantic region was typically highest paying for professional job categories, although its pay advantage compared to the U.S. average for profes sionals rarely exceeded 5 percent. Limited comparisons for the Southeast, Middle West, and Pacific showed that professional averages in these instances were usu ally 5 to 10 percent below U.S. levels. For science tech nicians, the Middle West was highest paying for the two lower levels and the Middle Atlantic, for the top level. (See text table 3.) As with production workers, earnings of individual professional and technical workers varied widely by area (tables 14-16) and contributed to a substantial over lapping of salaries for occupations with significantly different pay levels. Text table 4 shows such an over lapping for level II chemists and science technicans, despite nearly a $100 per week difference between their average earnings. Text table 3. Regional pay relationships for selected professional and technical occupations in drug manufacturing, September 1978 (United States average earnings for each occupational classification = 100) Occupational classification South east Middle West Pacific 81 90 96 - 92 94 95 96 92 - 90 89 92 104 - 94 91 94 100 104 - _ 94 95 94 93 - 105 104 102 100 97 100 89 101 101 - 88 - 93 - 101 100 104 98 90 88 104 107 97 90 81 79 Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists 1 .................................. II ................................. III ................................ I V ................................ V ................................. V I ................................ 107 105 106 102 103 100 _ - Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists 1................................... II .................................. I I I ................................. IV ................................. V .................................. V I................................. 105 103 104 102 100 100 Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers 1.................................. I I .................................. III................................. IV ................................ V ................................. VI ................................ Science technicians 1 ................. Science technicians II ................ Science technicians III ............... _ NOTE: Dashes indicate no data. Text table 4. Earnings of level II chemists and science technicians, New York-Northeastern New Jersey, September 1978 Weekly earnings Chemists II Science ' technicians II 171 144 175 102 2 Under $200 ................................................... $200 and under $240 .................................. $240 and under $280 .................................. $280 and under $320 .................................. $320 and under $360 .................................. $360 and over .............................................. 10 95 194 154 171 Number of workers ...................................... 624 594 Average weekly earnings ............................. $327.50 $235.50 NOTE: Dashes indicate no data. provisions, including paid holidays, paid vacations, and health, insurance, and retirement plans. In addition, the benefits for professional and technical workers in each establishment were compared with production work ers’ benefits. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Data also were collected for production workers on certain establishment practices, including work sched ules, shift differential policies, and supplementary wage Scheduled weekly hours. Slightly more than nine-tenths of the production workers were in plants scheduling a majority of their day-shift employees for 40 hours per week (table 17). Shorter schedules, but not less than 37.5 hours, applied to the remaining workers. 7 E> ded are workers at higher levels who make decisions and >mmendation that are recognized as authoritative and have an important inpact on extensive company activities, such as fostering technological breakthroughs and advances. Also excluded are exec utive and administrative officers. Middle Atlantic Shift differential provisions and practices. Slightly more than nine-tenths of the production workers were in es tablishments with provisions for second (evening) shifts 4 portion of the production work force for a manufac turing industry. Accidental death and dismemberment insurance applied to five-sixths of the workers and long term disability and/or dental insurance, to just over one-half. Retirement pension plans, in addition to Federal so cial security, covered about nine-tenths of the produc tion workers. These plans were generally wholly fi nanced by employers. Lump-sum severance pay applied to some of these workers as well, limited mainly to the Middle Atlantic region (one-tenth). and about five-sixths in those with provisions for third shifts (table 18). At the time of the survey, however, only about one-fifth of the production workers actual ly were employed on second shifts, and 6 percent were on third shifts (table 19). Nearly all late-shift workers received differentials, typically as uniform cents-perhour premiums above day-shift rates. Premiums varied considerably, but the most common were 15, 20, and 28 cents for second shifts and 25, 30, and 44 cents for third shifts. Paid holidays. All establishments visited provided paid holidays (table 20). Typical provisions were for 10 to 12 days annually in the Middle Atlantic and Middle West, 9 or 10 days in the Southeast, and 10 or 11 days in the Pacific States. Other selected benefits. Virtually all production work ers were provided funeral and jury-duty leave (table 24). Technological severance pay for workers separat ed from their jobs because of technological changes, applied to one-fourth of the workers. Cost-of-living ad justments (COLA), in most cases based on the BLS Consumer Price Index, were found in establishments employing one-fifth of the workers. No region studied separately had as many as two-fifths of their produc tion workers covered by technological severance pay or COLA. Paid vacations. All establishments visited provided paid vacations to production workers after qualifying periods of service (table 21). The most common provi sions were 2 weeks’ pay after 1 year of service, 3 weeks’ after 5 years, 4 weeks’ after 15 years (for one-third of the workers, after 12 years), and 5 weeks’ after 25 years (for two-fifths, after 20 years). Three-tenths of the work ers were eligible for 6 weeks after 30 years. Benefits of professional and technical workers. Professi onal and technical workers typically were eligible for the same holiday, vacation, life insurance, hospitaliza tion insurance, and pension plans as production work ers in the same establishment (table 24). In some in stances, however, professional or technical workers en joyed more liberal benefits than production workers. For example, establishments employing one-third of the professional and one-fifth of the technical workers in the Middle Atlantic region had provisions for more lib eral vacations for these workers. Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Virtually all production workers were in establishments paying at least part of the cost of life, hospitalization, surgical, and medical insurance; typically the plans were entire ly financed by the employer (table 23). Slightly over nine-tenths were covered by major medical plans and were protected from temporary loss of income due to illness or accident by pay continuation plans. Both sick ness and accident insurance and sick leave plans were prevalent—the latter covering a relatively large pro 5 Table 1. Average hourly earnings of production workers by selected characteristics (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 drug manufacturing, United States and selected regions,' September 1978) United States1 2 Middle Atlantic Pacific Middle West Southeast Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings All productions workers................................ 54,332 $5.81 26,228 $6.42 9,577 $4.78 3,421 $5.72 3,593 $5.07 Size of community: Metropolitan areas...................................... Nonmetropolitan areas .............................. 42,274 12,058 6.07 4.89 25,304 924 6.42 6.40 2,067 7,510 5.23 4.66 2,897 - 6.04 - 3,464 - 5.11 - 1,862 5.87 Item Labor-management contract coverage: Establishments with— Majority of workers covered................... None or minority of workers covered................................................... 18,657 6.39 13,820 6.58 35,675 5.51 12,408 6.23 8,919 4.75 1,559 5.54 3,471 $5.02 Primary product: Pharmaceuticals.......................................... 45,946 5.75 22,290 6.36 9,042 4.77 2,251 5.25 3,102 5.00 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. For definition of regions, see appendix A, table A-1, footnote 2. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 2. Earnings distribution: All establishments (Percent of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions, September 1978) United States2 Middle Atlantic Southeast Middle West Pacific Hourly earnings 54,332 $5.81 26,228 $6.42 9,577 $4.78 3,421 $5.72 3,593 $5.07 $5.80 and under $5.90............ $5.90 and under $6.00............ 3.0 2.6 4.4 2.2 0.1 .1 1.1 .9 2.4 1.8 T ota l............................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under $ 3 .50 ................... 4.0 2.7 1.3 7.3 9.5 $3.50 $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 and and and and and under under under under under $3.60 $3.70 $3.80 $3.90 $4.00 ... ... ... ... ... .8 .7 1.1 1.4 2.5 .7 .8 .5 .3 .2 .4 .2 .7 1.6 7.0 .7 .1 .6 .6 1.1 2.1 1.1 2.6 1.3 5.7 $6.00 $6.10 $6.20 $6.30 $6.40 and and and and and under under under under under $6.10............ $6.20............ $6.30............ $6.40............ $6.50............ 2.2 3.5 2.0 1.3 2.8 3.5 3.8 2.7 2.0 4.4 1.0 2.3 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.9 2.5 .3 .7 2.4 1.5 1.2 .5 1.6 $4.00 $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 and and and and and under under under under under $4.10 $4.20 $4.30 $4.40 $4.50 ... ... ... ... ... 2.8 2.7 3.5 1.3 1.6 .8 .3 .5 .6 .4 9.6 8.7 12.0 1.4 3.6 2.5 3.3 2.2 1.2 1.9 2.7 2.4 3.5 2.6 4.1 $6.50 $6.60 $6.70 $6.80 $6.90 and and and and and under under under under under $6.60............ $6.70............ $6.80............ $6.90............ $7.00............ 2.7 2.0 1.3 1.9 1.9 3.5 3.4 2.0 1.8 3.0 .2 .6 .5 _ 1.9 1.3 .6 .8 2.3 .3 1.3 1.2 .4 .9 1.3 $4.50 $4.60 $4.70 $4.80 $4.90 and and and and and under under under under under $4.60 $4.70 $4.80 $4.90 $5.00 ... ... ... ... ... 2.2 2.4 2.0 1.8 2.7 .4 2.2 .6 1.1 1.4 6.9 4.0 4.9 1.6 8.0 1.1 1.4 .9 5.5 1.8 3.6 2.5 4.8 3.0 2.1 $7.00 $7.10 $7.20 $7.30 $7.40 and and and and and under under under under under $7.10............ $7.20............ $7.30............ $7.40............ $7.50............ 2.0 1.8 1.5 2.1 1.5 3.3 1.9 2.7 1.8 2.7 .1 6.6 1.7 14.2 .7 .3 .8 .6 1.7 .3 $5.00 $5.10 $5.20 $5.30 $5.40 and and and and and under under under under under $5.10 $5.20 $5.30 $5.40 $5.50 ... ... ... ... ... 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 .7 1.0 1.1 3.0 2.3 2.3 3.8 1.7 .5 1.6 3.4 1.6 2.3 1.9 2.7 1.7 2.5 3.2 1.1 2.9 $7.50 $7.60 $7.70 $7.80 $7.90 and and and and and under under under under under $7.60............ $7.70............ $7.80............ $7.90............ $8.00............ .8 2.9 1.3 1.5 .4 1.3 4.2 1.9 1.2 .4 .9 1.3 .3 (3) 1.7 .3 .4 .5 .3 .6 $5.50 and under $5.60 ... $5.60 and under $5.70 ... $5.70 and under $5.80 ... 2.7 2.7 2.1 1.8 4.1 2.2 3.4 1.4 .5 8.5 1.0 2.2 4.1 2.6 2.3 $8.00 $8.10 $8.20 $8.30 $8.40 and and and and and under under under under under $8.10............ $8.20............ $8.30............ $8.40............ $8.50............ 1.0 .7 1.7 .3 .8 1.5 1.3 2.4 .4 1.6 .4 .1 1.3 _ _ .3 .3 1.4 .5 .1 $8.50 and o v e r......................... 3.1 5.1 .6 1.0 Hourly earnings Number of workers........ Average hourly earnings1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Less than 0.05 percent. United States2 Middle Atlantic Southeast (3) .1 .1 .4 .3 .1 1.1 .1 - (3) - .3 - .2 Middle West Pacific NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate no data. Table 3. Earnings distribution: Pharmaceuticals (Percent of production workers by straight-time hourly earnings,1 United States and selected regions, September 1978) United States2 Middle Atlantic United States2 Middle Atlantic Southeast Middle West Pacific Hourly earnings 45,946 $5.75 22,290 $6.36 9,042 $4.77 2,251 $5.25 3,102 $5.00 $5.80 and under $5.90............ $5.90 and under $6.00............ 3.3 2.7 5.0 2.2 0.1 .2 0.7 1.4 2.7 1.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3.7 3.1 .8 9.2 310.1 3.6 4.2 2.6 1.7 4.4 .6 2.4 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.3 $3 70 and under $3 80 $3 80 and under $3 90 $3 90 and under $4 00 .3 .3 .4 .8 1.5 1.8 1.2 2.4 1.4 6.6 2.2 3.9 2.0 1.1 2.8 .5 .8 $6.10............ $6.20............ $6.30............. $6.40............ $6.50............ .3 .2 .1 .7 1.7 7.4 under under under under under 2.4 1.7 1.1 .8 .9 .6 and and and and and 1.7 1.9 3.8 .8 .8 1.2 1.5 2.9 $6.00 $6.10 $6.20 $6.30 $6.40 under under under under $4 10 $4.20............. $4.30............. $4.40 ..... and under $4 50 3.1 2.4 4.0 1.5 1.7 1.0 .2 .6 .7 .3 10.1 9.2 12.6 1.5 3.8 3.6 4.1 3.1 1.6 2.4 2.9 2.4 3.8 2.7 4.4 under under under under under $6.60............ $6.70............ $6.80............ $6.90............ $7.00............ 2.8 2.1 1.3 2.0 1.8 3.7 3.7 2.0 1.7 2.6 1.7 .8 .4 3.4 .5 1.5 1.4 and and and and and and and and and .2 .6 $4 00 $4.10 $4.20 $4 30 $4 40 $6.50 $6.60 $6.70 $6.80 $6.90 and and and and and under under under under under $4 60 ........... $4.70............. $4.80............. $4.90............. $5.00............. 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.8 .4 1.2 .4 1.3 1.4 7.3 4.2 5.1 1.6 8.1 1.4 2.0 .8 8.3 2.8 3.4 2.7 5.4 2.2 2.3 and and and and and under under under under under $7.10............ $7.20............ $7.30............ $7.40............ $7.50............ 2.1 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.5 3.5 2.0 2.1 1.6 2.7 .1 2.3 .5 1.0 .2 .3 $4 50 $4.60 $4.70 $4.80 $4 90 $7.00 $7.10 $7.20 $7.30 $7.40 and and and and and under under under under under $5.10............. $5.20............ $5 30 .......... $5.40............. $5.50............. 1.3 1.6 1.5 2.1 1.9 .8 .9 1.2 3.5 2.3 1.8 3.9 .7 .4 1.5 3.4 2.2 3.2 2.3 3.1 1.8 2.3 3.5 1.2 2.8 and and and and and under under under under under $7.60............ $7.70............ $7.80............ $7.90............ $8.00............ .6 2.8 1.4 1.1 $5 00 $5.10 $5 20 $5 30 $5 40 $7.50 $7.60 $7.70 $7.80 $7.90 .7 4.2 2.0 .9 .5 $8 00 $8.10 $8.20 $8.30 $8.40 and and and and and under under under under under $8.10............ $8.20............ $8.30............ $8.40............ $8.50............ 1.0 1.9 .2 .8 1.6 1.0 2.7 .3 1.6 $8.50 and o v e r......................... 2.8 4.4 Hourly earnings N um ber of w orkers Average hourly earnings1 ......... Total Under $3.50 . ............ $3.50 and under $3 60 $3.60 and under $3.70............. $5 50 and under $5.60............. $5.60 and under $5.70............. $5.70 and under $5.80............. 2.9 2.8 2.2 2.1 4.6 2.2 3.5 .3 .5 r> 12.0 1.0 2.3 3.1 3.0 2.6 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Workers were distributed as follows: 4.4 percent under $3; 1.6 percent at $3 to $3.10; 0.5 percent at $3.10 to $3.20; 1.4 percent at $3.20 to $3.30; 1.0 percent at $3.30 to $3.40; and 1.2 percent at $3.40 to $3.50. .3 .5 Southeast .5 2.0 (4) .1 .1 .5 .3 .1 _ 1.1 .1 _ Middle West 1.4 .5 .2 (4) .4 .6 .1 1.9 (4) _ .3 _ .3 _ .9 Pacific .3 .8 1.5 .8 .7 .7 .4 .3 .5 .6 .2 (4) .3 .3 1.6 .2 .1 .9 4 Less than 0.05 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate no data. Table* 4. Occupational averages: Production workers—all establishments (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 in selected occupations, drug manufacturing, United States and selected regions, September 1978) United States1 2 Department and occupation Number of workers Average hourly earnings Middle Atlantic Number of workers Average hourly earnings Southeast Number of workers Middle West Average hourly earnings Number of workers Pacific Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Maintenance Electricians.................................................... Maintenance workers, general utility............................................................. Mechanics (machinery)................................ Pipefitters....................................................... 503 $8.08 325 $8.20 24 $7.31 43 $7.69 13 $7.50 920 1,233 513 6.58 7.41 8.14 283 546 424 6.71 7.62 8.21 287 202 14 6.37 6.61 7.16 98 125 - 6.29 7.58 - 36 102 - 6.59 6.79 - 1,832 2,616 2,839 383 384 607 290 574 119 10,076 2,799 3,323 3,954 5.16 7.19 5.92 5.52 6.31 6.21 5.33 6.21 5.46 4.86 4.97 5.27 4.44 1,115 1,246 1,264 130 226 338 151 309 4,090 1,145 1,708 1,237 5.62 7.61 6.64 6.67 6.55 6.60 5.89 7.10 5.36 5.62 5.60 4.77 - 5.92 4.72 - 5.75 5.42 1,020 307 - 4.55 4.28 - 231 73 38 29 718 349 157 6.07 4.44 4.40 4.39 4.48 131 144 196 18 39 97 24 61 1,031 419 274 338 4.64 6.43 5.64 5.35 6.05 5.37 3.93 4.82 4.21 4.30 4.61 3.76 2,749 773 825 255 194 376 5.54 6.06 5.60 5.48 6.09 5.42 1,754 267 242 78 102 62 5.94 6.81 6.39 6.36 6.59 6.10 296 206 160 50 35 - 4.18 5.10 5.00 4.60 4.97 - 159 97 67 33 6 28 4.88 6.43 5.44 4.96 6.87 5.70 115 34 4.58 5.80 _ 4.83 4.86 - Processing Ampule-filling,-sealing, or washing-machine operators........................ Chemical operators, class A ........................ Chemical operators, class B ........................ Chemical operators’ helpers........................ Coaters .......................................................... Compressors................................................. Encapsuling-machine operators.................. Granulating-machine operators................... Molders, m achine......................................... Production packagers.................................. H and............................................................ Machine ...................................................... Hand and machine.................................... 202 883 - - - - - Custodial and material movement Janitors.......................................................... Power-truck operators ................................. Shippers and receivers................................ Shippers...................................................... Receivers.................................................... Shippers and receivers............................. 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. criteria. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. - 17 10 - NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication Table 5. Occupational averages: Production workers—pharmaceuticals (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1978) United States1 2 Department and occupation Number of workers Average hourly earnings Southeast Middle Atlantic Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Pacific Middle West Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Maintenance Electricians.................................................... Maintenance workers, general utility.............................................................. Mechanics (machinery)................................. Pipefitters....................................................... 396 $8.02 253 $8.10 24 $7.31 28 $7.56 9 $7.51 657 1,073 377 6.68 7.40 7.94 184 454 316 6.62 7.69 7.98 209 202 14 6.63 6.61 7.16 78 112 - 6.24 7.54 - 33 88 6.57 6.69 - 1,453 1,606 1,887 260 384 606 285 573 119 9,592 2,706 3,212 3,674 5.25 7.21 5.66 5.74 6.31 6.21 5.36 6.21 5.46 4.86 5.00 5.28 4.40 908 851 792 103 226 337 151 309 3,935 1,145 1,668 1,122 5.65 7.77 6.40 6.63 6.55 6.60 5.89 7.10 5.33 5.62 5.59 4.63 202 - 5.92 - - 6.60 5.92 5.84 1,018 305 - 4.55 4.28 - 153 17 39 97 19 60 1,013 419 265 - 5.63 5.46 6.05 5.37 3.98 4.83 4.21 4.30 4.60 - 2,337 616 713 218 169 326 5.44 5.99 5.55 5.51 6.09 5.30 1,457 204 201 63 92 46 5.85 6.87 6.39 6.72 6.53 5.66 279 194 158 50 35 - 4.13 5.08 5.00 4.60 4.97 - 108 34 4.60 5.80 12 7 5.09 4.95 - - Processing Ampule-filling, - sealing, or washing-machine operators........................ Chemical operators, class A ........................ Chemical operators, class B ........................ Chemical operators’ helpers........................ C oaters.......................................................... Compressors................................................. Encapsuling-machine operators.................. Granulating-machine operators ................... Molders, m achine.......................................... Production packagers................................... H and............................................................ Machine ...................................................... Hand and m achine..................................... - - 85 191 45 - - 29 641 344 98 6.07 4.44 4.40 4.37 4.52 116 57 47 4.65 5.87 5.04 38 - Custodial and material movement Janitors.......................................................... Power-truck operators .................................. Shippers and receivers................................. Shippers...................................................... Receivers.................................................... Shippers and receivers.............................. 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. criteria. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. - - - 6 17 6.87 5.65 - - NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication Table 6. Occupational averages: Production workers by size of community-all establishments (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 in selected occupations, drug manufacturing, United States and selected regions, September 1978) Middle Atlantic United States1 2 Metropolitan areas Department and occupation Number Average hourly of workers earnings Nonmetropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings Southeast Metropolitan areas Metropolitan areas Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers - Maintenance Electricians.................................................... Maintenance workers, general utility.............................................................. Mechanics (machinery)................................ Pipefitters....................................................... 443 $8.13 60 $7.68 309 $8.20 559 1,021 469 6.58 7.56 8.15 361 212 44 6.58 6.68 8.04 257 539 398 6.69 7.62 8.18 49 59 - Processing Ampule-filling, sealing, or washing-machine operators........................ Chemical operators, class A ........................ Chemical operators, class B ........................ Chemical operators’ helpers........................ Coaters .......................................................... Compressors................................................. Encapsuling-machine operators.................. Granulating-machine operators................... Molders, machine......................................... Production packagers.................................. H and............................................................ Machine ...................................................... Hand and m achine.................................... 1,357 2,096 1,702 274 339 505 241 503 58 7,575 2,267 2,987 2,321 5.38 7.19 6.22 5.81 6.42 6.36 5.45 6.38 6.92 5.01 5.05 5.37 4.51 475 520 1,137 109 45 102 49 71 2,501 532 336 1,633 4.53 7.18 5.46 4.81 5.44 5.46 4.75 5.03 4.42 4.62 4.42 4.35 1,115 1,223 1,037 122 226 330 151 309 3,750 988 1,549 1,213 5.62 7.62 6.49 6.69 6.55 6.59 5.89 7.10 5.33 5.65 5.58 4.75 75 - Custodial and material movement Janitors.......................................................... Power-truck operators ................................. Shippers and receivers................................ Shippers...................................................... Receivers.................................................... Shippers and receivers.............................. 2,368 570 581 185 153 243 5.70 6.41 5.76 5.65 6.17 5.59 381 203 244 70 41 133 4.55 5.07 5.20 5.02 5.80 5.11 1,713 245 238 78 100 60 5.94 6.83 6.39 6.36 6.59 6.10 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. criteria. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. - Average hourly earnings - 381 - Metropolitan areas Number of workers Number of workers Average hourly earnings Average hourly earnings 37 $7.78 13 $7.50 $6.30 7.11 - 238 143 - 6.39 6.40 - 79 113 - 6.47 7.61 - 33 99 - 6.58 6.82 - 4.81 - - 227 73 5.78 5.42 131 144 196 18 34 83 22 55 999 417 269 - 4.64 6.43 5.64 5.35 6.01 5.55 3.96 4.92 4.24 4.31 4.63 - 113 34 4.61 5.80 4.83 4.86 - 4.44 - - - - 53 Average hourly earnings Metropolitan areas $7.12 - - Number of workers Pacific 20 - - Nonmetropolitan areas Middle West 4.60 - - - - - - - 639 - - 154 107 22 4.61 - - 4.77 5.20 5.15 - - - - - - - - - - 34 13 434 74 203 157 6.48 5.94 4.94 4.79 5.36 4.48 141 97 51 17 6 28 4.96 6.43 6.19 6.77 6.87 5.70 - 17 10 - NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication Table 7. Occupational averages: Production workers by labor-management contract coverage-all establishments (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings,1 in selected occupations, drug manufacturing, United States and selected regions, September 1978) Southeast Middle Atlantic United States2 Pacific Middle West Establishments with— Department and occupation Majority of workers None or minority of Majority of workers None or minority of None or minority of Majority of workers None or minority of None or minority of workers covered workers covered covered workers covered workers covered covered covered workers covered Number of workers Maintenance Electricians.................................................... Maintenance workers, general utility.............................................................. Mechanics (machinery)................................. Pipefitters....................................................... Processing Ampule-filling,-sealing, or washing-machine operators........................ Chemical operators, class A ........................ Chemical operators, class B ........................ Chemical operators’ helpers........................ Coaters .......................................................... Compressors................................................. Encapsuling-machine operators.................. Granulating-machine operators ................... Molders, m achine.......................................... Production packagers................................... H and............................................................ Machine ...................................................... Hand and m achine..................................... Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers Average hourly earnings - - 256 $8.22 247 $7.94 216 $8.32 109 $7.97 24 $7.31 340 471 347 6.34 7.60 8.21 580 762 166 6.72 7.30 7.99 141 357 308 6.51 7.72 8.29 142 189 116 6.91 7.43 7.98 189 202 14 6.66 6.61 7.16 44 26 - 485 1,164 1,292 104 185 239 150 273 20 2,457 697 1,084 676 5.35 7.40 6.51 5.62 5.99 6.04 5.15 6.14 6.28 5.15 5.85 4.96 4.72 1,347 1,452 1,547 279 199 368 140 301 99 7,619 2,102 2,239 3,278 5.09 7.02 5.42 5.49 6.60 6.32 5.52 6.27 5.30 4.77 4.68 5.42 4.39 439 528 763 43 146 207 81 189 1,640 577 602 461 5.57 7.39 6.89 7.20 6.00 6.22 5.57 6.92 5.46 6.06 5.34 4.85 676 501 87 80 131 70 120 2,450 568 1,106 776 5.65 6.26 6.41 7.57 7.20 6.26 7.38 5.29 5.18 5.74 4.72 196 - 5.92 - 44 1,166 269 223 62 75 86 6.15 6.55 5.91 5.53 6.64 5.54 1,583 504 602 193 119 290 5.09 5.79 5.48 5.46 5.74 5.39 974 136 118 13 58 47 6.26 7.07 6.48 6.87 6.77 6.02 780 131 124 65 44 15 5.54 6.53 6.31 6.26 6.36 6.37 Number of workers Average hourly earnings Number of workers 25 $7.72 13 $7.50 $5.34 7.13 - 54 99 - 7.05 7.70 - 34 102 - 6.60 6.79 - 4.89 - 83 96 29 6.75 6.12 6.24 4.64 6.38 5.60 5.35 5.99 5.31 3.93 4.82 4.19 4.28 4.61 3.76 4.57 5.64 4.63 4.70 - 1,020 307 - 4.55 4.28 - 218 52 3.57 3.88 500 214 105 4.76 5.29 4.77 131 140 176 18 35 89 24 61 1,003 397 268 338 279 186 158 50 33 - 4.12 5.07 4.99 4.60 4.95 - 50 46 28 17 5.29 4.92 4.59 5.44 109 34 21 11 4.69 6.38 6.59 6.10 113 32 13 8 - - - - - - - - Average hourly earnings - - - 34 6.48 - - Custodial and material movement Janitors .......................................................... Power-truck operators .................................. Shippers and receivers................................. Shippers...................................................... Receivers.................................................... Shippers and receivers.............................. Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 8. Occupational earnings: Production workers—Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif.1 (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings2 in selected occupations in drug manufacturing, September 1978) Department and occupation All production w orkers....................... AverNumber of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— Num- age ber of hourly $2.70 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 $6.00 $6.20 $6.40 $6.80 $7.20 $7.60 $8.00 work earn Under and ers $2.70 $2.80 ings $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 $6.00 $6.20 $6.40 $6.80 $7.20 $7.60 $8.00 over 1,717 $5.15 19 8 75 48 58 68 72 59 58 73 102 73 86 105 71 134 49 85 109 25 119 66 64 44 2 1 _ 3 2 4 2 - 47 Selected ocupations Maintenance Electricians............................................. Maintenance workers, general utility....................................................... Mechanics (machinery).......................... 7 7.49 - - - - - - - - _ - _ _ _ 22 7.12 19 7.02 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Processing Ampule-filling,-sealing, or washing-machine operators................. Chemical operators, class A ................. Chemical operators, class B ................. Coaters ................................................... Compressors.......................................... Encapsuling-machine operators ........... Granulating-machine operators ............ Production packagers............................ H and..................................................... Machine ............................................... Hand and machine.............................. 62 130 130 19 32 14 20 281 119 83 79 4.52 6.30 5.48 6.21 5.56 3.87 5.11 3.84 4.07 4.13 3.18 16 4 14 2 Custodial and material movement Janitors ................................................... Power-truck operators............................ Shippers and receivers5 ........................ Shippers............................................... Receivers............................................. 48 9 33 17 10 4.60 5.53 4.93 4.83 4.85 - 1 2 3 4 7 3 4 - - - - - - - - 6 - 2 - 6 1 4 2 - - - - - - The Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area consists of Los Angeles County. Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. All workers were at $8.00 to $8.40. All workers were at $2.60 to $2.70. 3 - 10 15 1 6 8 4 2 2 1 1 ~ 1 3 1 2 _ _ - 2 - 3 - - 1 8 1 4 3 7 4 1 _ - 5 4 _ _ 5 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 34 24 10 2 1 1 19 18 1 - - 6 5 2 1 1 1 34 32 2 - 1 1 1 1 - _ - 1 5 7 7 2 1 15 6 - _ 6 15 - 5 _ 1 _ 2 _ _ - _ - 12 2 2 _ _ 4 8 3 2 - _ _ 2 3 4 1 5 - 1 4 11 - _ 1 - 1 4 4 6 3 3 3 1 - 3 - - 17 2 9 6 - 1 - 2 - 17 1 6 10 - - 5 - 17 8 5 4 59 12 9 38 - - 6 - _ 1 _ _ _ - 14 19 33 2 _ 3 _ _ - 4 _ _ - - 1 9 9 1 1 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - _ _ - - _ _ _ _ 1 _ 1 2 _ - - _ 6 _ _ _ 3 11 4 11 5 1 1 2 1 - - 5 Includes data for workers in classification in addition to those shown separately. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data. 12 2 8 _ 4 37 _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 - 3 _ _ .j _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 - 3 30 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 5 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 14 _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 6 2 1 1 14 22 _ 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ L__ _ _ _ _ Table 9. Occupational earnings: Production workers—New Jersey (Number of workers and average straight-time hourly earnings1 in selected occupations in drug manufacturing, September 1978) Department and occupation Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— Num Averber of age $2.60 $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 $6 . 0 0 $6 . 2 0 $6.40 $6.80 $7.20 $7.60 $8 . 0 0 $8.40 $8.80 work hourly and and earn under ers ings $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 $6 . 0 0 $6 . 2 0 $6.40 $6.80 $7.20 $7.60 $8 . 0 0 $8.40 $8.80 over All production workers....................... 12,520 $6.56 25 35 42 109 183 65 216 193 195 105 271 165 213 816 373 372 850 599 712 1,718 1,023 1,075 919 808 5 668 770 Selected ocupations Maintenance Flprtririflns Maintenance workers, general utility....................................................... Mechanics (machinery).......................... Pipefitters................................................ 166 8.34 191 6 . 6 8 235 7.53 219 8.53 Processing Ampule-filling,-sealing, or washing-machine operators................. 708 5.47 Chemical operators, class A ................. 1,047 7.67 Chemical operators, class B ................. 592 6.30 Chemical operators’ helpers................. 81 6.53 Coaters ................................................... 114 6.75 Compressors.......................................... 128 6.29 Encapsuling-machine operators ........... 57 6.16 Granulating-machine operators ............ 82 7.57 Production packagers.......................... 1,865 5.30 H and..................................................... 421 5.07 Machine ............................................... 1,203 5.53 Hand and m achine.............................. 241 4.56 Custodial and material movement Janitors ................................................... Power-truck operators............................ Shippers and receivers.......................... Shippers............................................... Receivers............................................. S h if^ rs and receivers....................... 1 2 933 126 154 64 41 49 5.90 6.52 6.28 6.26 6.59 6.03 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 - 4 - 31 1 - 4 2 - 47 6 5 10 - - - 39 - 10 - 45 - 15 - 12 - 1 5 - - 35 20 25 4 15 35 - - - - 7 - - 88 10 15 71 - 8 37 5 10 - 14 4 5 5 45 2 23 1 - 61 28 - - - - - 30 19 22 - 6 5 3 5 6 - - 27 1 5 11 52 4 48 1 5 15 15 3 3 3 9 1 - 6 - 4 S - - - 39 5 - 5 5 - 20 - - 6 - 6 6 - 46 5 449 143 306 140 - - 19 3 30 7 3 - 20 - 80 40 38 2 117 - 1 1 1 2 - NOTE: Dashes indicate no data. 2 5 199 20 48 41 4 74 16 5 22 5 19 25 54 15 34 4 30 167 156 190 141 73 1 10 4 157 157 - - 31 25 10 2 17 11 - 5 - 5 - - 75 18 16 6 100 8 2 2 7 18 2 2 5 23 191 2 6 24 220 67 14 10 4 138 2 10 8 8 8 8 - 15 2 - 2 - 8 - - 6 57 19 4 2 10 2 10 24 2 - 41 23 9 9 4 28 17 38 3 34 5 6 92 105 14 6 111 - 207 147 60 - - 51 84 4 74 211 2 - - 18 30 8 - 2 - 22 4 10 - 1 6 - 25 2 - 6 - 10 10 24 55 10 15 9 50 30 - 5 6 - 37 3 - - 26 10 5 24 80 - 6 6 1 25 - Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. All workers were at $8.80 to $9.20. 15 17 7 4 - 3 401 58 - 17 12 3 3 - 3 55 - 14 2 7 8 47 2 2 95 50 - 2 11 58 - 54 57 22 - 5 2 8 18 15 - - 60 - 2 2 2 - - - - - Table 10. Occupational earnings: Production workers—New York-Northeastern New Jersey. (Number of workers and average straight-tim e hourly earnings2 in selected occupations in drug manufacturing, September 1978) Department and occupation Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— AverNum age $2.60 ber of work hourly and $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 $6 . 0 0 $6 . 2 0 $6.40 $6.80 $7.20 $7.60 $8 . 0 0 $8.40 $8.80 $9.20 earn under and ers ings $2.80 $3.00 $3.20 $3.40 $3.60 $3.80 $4.00 $4.20 $4.40 $4.60 $4.80 $5.00 $5.20 $5.40 $5.60 $5.80 $6 . 0 0 $6 . 2 0 $6.40 $6.80 $7.20 $7.60 $8 . 0 0 $8.40 $8.80 $9.20 over All production w orkers....................... 14,245 $6.48 43 47 183 101 230 227 63 200 197 102 312 379 320 533 569 544 963 978 784 1,638 1,218 1,174 1,171 - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - 809 677 576 207 5 58 47 6 18 15 70 55 Selected ocupatlons Maintenance Electricians............................................. Maintenance workers, general utility....................................................... Mechanics (machinery).......................... Pipefitters................................................ 191 8.32 - - - - - - 189 237 256 6.62 7.62 8.41 - - - - - - 5.39 7.66 6.34 - - - - - - - - Processing Ampule-filling, - sealing, or washing-machine operators................. 775 Chemical operators, class A ................. 1,085 Chemical operators, class B ................. 560 Hhpmiral nperatnrs' halpara 72 Coaters ................................................... 182 Compressors.......................................... 192 Encapsuling-machine operators ............ 109 Granulating-machine operators ............ 203 Production packagers ............................ 2,055 H and................ 565 Machine .......... 1,070 Hand and machine.............................. 420 Custodial and material movement Janitors ................................................... Power-truck operators............................ Shippers and receivers.......................... Shippers............................................... Receivers............................................. Shippers and receivers....................... 938 124 174 65 59 50 16 15 2 - 32 25 15 50 2 - - - 15 80 - 26 6.37 6.14 5.85 6.98 5.21 5.22 5.68 4.01 _ 25 _ 39 _ 127 _ - - - - - 5.86 6.62 6.29 6.29 6.54 5.98 - 25 35 4 “ _ _ 12 106 - 15 10 112 29 - - 4 16 - - 39 4 14 9 10 63 - 15 91 4 - 5 - 63 5 4 32 18 5 8 5 18 15 3 3 3 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - _ _ - - - - 14 10 6 6 5 5 - 5 5 69 6 - 21 155 152 48 - 36 3 16 6 12 16 4 10 2 10 1 2 6 19 13 159 147 4 169 6 26 _ - 6 - 81 12 44 3 29 119 _ - - 6 - _ _ 3 _ - - - 20 2 104 - _ 2 86 - - 2 - 23 30 15 3 2 5 4 7 6 - 54 15 34 10 4 31 - - 1 167 93 150 g 15 36 28 4 161 _ 161 - 2 6 60 220 67 14 10 6 10 38 15 23 4 2 57 17 4 2 10 24 8 - 3 - - - _ _ 5 10 55 9 25 5 5 51 193 8 203 5 14 - 29 150 4 140 - 213 92 107 14 2 2 1 9 22 12 2 2 - 25 46 - 6 3 - 59 - - - - 11 - 4 5 8 10 - - 5 _ 5 23 18 - 11 _ - - - 13 4 4 40 3 3 5 - 30 6 8 - 6 .6 8 1 The New York-Northeastern New Jersey consolidated area consists of the following metropolitan areas: NassauSuffolk, N.Y.; New York, N.Y.-N.J.; Jersey City, Long Branch-Asbury Park, Newark, New Brunswick-Perth AmboySayreville, and Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, N.J.; and Norwalk and Stamford, Conn. 15 49 - 5 _ - - - 271 _ 211 - 3 9 15 51 62 28 5 25 74 19 5 19 67 6 16 109 51 O c. 18 18 3 73 213 73 2 6 5 23 18 - - _ _ _ _ - 4 8 41 23 9 9 138 14 7 4 _ 3 8 _ 95 - _ 2 - - - - - 113 4 oa C.O 17 38 3 34 5 _ _ 5 402 58 55 _ 50 _ _ 22 2 2 11 2 2 58 _ - - _ _ _ - _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ 17 _ 14 2 3 - - _ 12 3 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data. _ 7 5 - - _ - Table 11. Occupational averages: Professional and technical workers—all establishments (Number of workers and average straight-time weekly earnings and hours1 in selected occupations, drug manufacturing, United States and selected regions, September 1978) Occupation Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Average Number weekly of work hours (Stan ers dard) I ............................ I I ........................... II I .......................... IV ......................... V .......................... VI ......................... I ............................ II ........................... III .......................... I V .......................... V ........................... VI .......................... I ........................... II .......................... III ......................... IV ......................... V .......................... V I ......................... Science technicians I ........... Science technicians I I .......... Science technicians II I ......... See footnotes at end of table 470 699 694 513 326 165 679 1147 1432 1102 623 313 45 88 339 425 263 106 1088 2131 1452 39.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 40.0 39.5 40.0 40.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 Weekly earnings1 Mean $280.50 328.50 373.50 450.50 551.00 642.50 268.50 317.00 377.50 466.00 541.50 641.00 340.50 361.00 434.00 496.00 570.00 653.00 199.00 232.00 294.00 Median Middle range $272.50 $246.50 326.50 294.00 366.00 319.50 448.50 404.50 544.50 480.00 662.50 576.00 264.00 317.00 366.50 457.50 532.00 645.00 335.00 353.00 434.00 496.00 576.00 642.50 198.00 222.50 300.00 Southeast Middle Atlantic United States2 240.50 286.00 333.50 405.00 480.00 575.00 303.50 336.00 405.00 448.50 524.00 593.50 _ - _ - _ - - _ 172.00 199.00 250.00 - $317.00 371.50 419.00 483.00 614.50 709.50 288.00 351.50 410.00 508.50 592.50 699.50 Average Number weekly of work hours (Stan ers dard) 300 495 389 330 205 125 429 821 982 822 502 256 368.50 388.50 466.50 545.50 617.50 722.00 25 49 141 173 133 54 221.50 261.00 334.00 475 1079 1023 38.5 39.0 39.0 39.5 39.0 39.5 39.0 39.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 Weekly earnings1 Mean $300.50 346.50 396.00 459.50 566.00 643.50 282.00 326.50 392.50 474.00 541.50 639.00 Median Middle range $290.00 $267.50 _ $346.50 344.00 309.00 388.00 388.00 338.00 439.50 488.50 449.50 419.50 638.50 557.50 508.00 702.50 658.00 576.00 270.50 322.00 380.00 462.50 531.50 644.50 255.50 292.00 343.50 410.50 480.00 575.00 _ - _ 39.0 39.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 356.50 376.00 442.50 494.00 554.00 653.00 361.00 384.00 434.00 489.50 553.00 646.00 307.50 351.50 407.50 449.50 499.00 575.50 39.0 39.5 39.5 200.50 231.50 304.50 196.00 225.50 300.50 174.50 200.00 _ 275.00 - - _ 303.50 362.00 433.50 521.00 592.50 700.00 389.00 403.50 480.00 533.00 598.00 733.50 225.00 262.50 340.50 Average Number weekly of work hours (Stan ers dard) _ - - _ 40 62 36 18 - _ 11 40 15 270 195 32 Weekly earnings1 Mean Median _ _ - - _ - _ 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.0 - _ 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 39.5 39.5 _ _ $284.50 335.50 427.50 564.50 - $288.00 345.50 404.50 506.00 - Middle range _ _ - - _ _ $238.00 332.00 344.00 477.00 - - $318.50 368.50 482.00 600.50 474.50 558.50 _ _ 322.00 437.50 498.50 - 443.00 534.50 - 406.50 455.00 - 205.50 206.00 263.00 172.00 192.50 252.00 - 194.50 208.00 260.00 _ - - _ - 217.50 223.50 268.00 Table 11. Occupational averages: Professional and technical workers—all establishments—Continued (Number of workers and average straight-time weekly earnings and hours1 in selected occupations, drug manufacturing, United States and selected regions, September 1978) Middle West Occupation Average Number weekly of work hours (Stan ers dard) _ Pacific Weekly earnings1 Mean Median Middle range Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists I ........................... I I .......................... III......................... IV ......................... V ......................... VI ......................... _ 11 39 18 - 40.0 40.0 40.0 - _ _ $267.50 334.50 $325.001$290.50 431.00 435.00 415.50 - Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists I ........................... II .......................... III ......................... I V ......................... V .......................... V I ......................... 32 52 62 32 14 - 40.0 40.0 40.0 39.5 39.5 - 252.50 290.00 356.00 467.00 560.50 - 253.50 267.00 343.00 476.00 - I .......................... II ......................... I I I ......................... IV ......................... V ......................... V I......................... _ 16 - _ 40.0 - _ 435.50 - _ _ 422.00 402.00 - Science technicians I .......... Science technicians I I ......... Science technicians III........ 35 162 100 39.5 40.0 40.0 207.00 247.00 285.00 Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Average Number weekly of work hours (Stan ers dard) Weekly earnings1 Mean Median Middle range - _ $351.00 450.50 - 40 49 48 18 13 - 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 - $258.00 307.50 354.00 434.50 509.00 - $258.00 313.00 371.00 443.50 - 229.00 _ 255.00 304.00 403.50 - 283.50 313.50 398.50 531.50 - _ 75 92 43 11 - _ 40.0 40.0 40.0 39.5 - _ 299.00 359.00 439.50 505.50 - _ 308.50 352.50 431.50 _ - _ 257.50 318.00 390.50 - _ - _ 450.00 - _ 10 - _ 40.0 - _ 459.50 - _ - _ - 194.00 181.00 _ 229.50 204.00 257.00 220.00 - 251.50 291.50 344.50 57 93 32 40.0 40.0 40.5 179.50 210.00 233.00 171.50 200.50 229.50 1 Weekly hours have been rounded to the nearest half hour, and weekly earnings to the nearest half dollar. Earnings information excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi days, and late shifts. See appendix A for methods used in computing medians and middle ranges. Medians and middle ranges are not - $236.00 299.50 320.50 402.00 - _ $280.50 327.00 396.00 456.50 - - _ 329.50 394.50 475.00 _ - _ _ - - - - 167.00 _ 190.00 218.00 - 185.50 222.00 253.50 provided for occupations with fewer than 15 workers. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 12. Occupational averages: Professional and technical workers—pharmaceuticals (Number of workers and average straight-time weekly earnings and hours1 in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1978) Occupation Average Number weekly of work hours (Stan ers dard) Weekly earnings1 Mean Median Middle range _ Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists I ................................................. I I ........................... II I .......................... IV ............................................ V .......................... VI ......................... 357 520 522 404 192 149 39.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 $282.00 336.50 373.00 448.50 528.50 648.00 $272.50 332.00 366.50 448.50 529.00 665.50 $253.50 299.50 324.50 408.00 476.00 584.50 Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists I ................................................. II ............................................... III .............................................. I V .......................... V ........................... V I .......................... 592 1073 1273 957 542 296 39.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 263.00 316.00 372.00 457.50 532.00 641.00 260.00 316.00 366.50 450.00 528.00 645.00 237.50 286.00 332.00 401.00 476.50 576.00 _ Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers I ............................................... II .......................... III ............................................ IV ............................................ V .............................................. V I ............................................ 28 44 263 372 206 93 39.5 39.5 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 319.00 362.00 432.50 500.00 577.50 646.00 321.50 353.50 434.00 503.00 582.00 635.00 300.00 324.50 406.50 452.50 531.00 585.50 _ Science technicians I ................... Science technicians I I ................. Science technicians II I ................ 908 1694 1200 39.5 39.5 39.5 196.00 228.00 296.00 194.00 220.00 300.50 172.00 198.00 259.00 See footnotes at end of table. Southeast Middle Atlantic United States2 - - _ - Average Number weekly of work hours ers (Stan dard) Average Number weekly of work hours (Stan ers dard) Weekly earnings1 Mean Median Middle range $304.00 375.50 413.00 481.50 576.00 711.00 228 385 303 278 125 117 39.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.0 39.5 $297.00 350.50 387.50 449.00 520.00 647.00 $288.00 346.00 378.00 442.50 526.50 661.50 281.00 348.50 405.00 500.00 585.50 699.50 364 780 883 714 429 248 39.0 39.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 275.00 326.00 385.00 463.00 529.50 639.50 269.00 321.50 377.50 452.00 527.50 645.00 339.00 396.50 466.00 550.50 625.50 698.50 10 26 105 142 104 43 39.0 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 316.50 382.00 435.50 496.50 553.00 639.00 _ _ 395.50 432.00 492.50 554.50 631.00 353.50 406.50 451.00 506.50 575.50 217.50 253.00 331.00 407 906 924 39.0 39.0 39.5 196.50 226.50 304.00 195.00 221.00 300.50 173.00 199.00 275.00 $267.50 312.00 337.00 414.50 476.00 584.50 250.00 294.00 341.00 403.00 470.50 576.00 _ _ - _ - $328.00 387.50 433.00 480.50 566.50 704.00 289.00 360.00 419.00 504.00 584.50 699.50 Weekly earnings1 Mean Median Middle range _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 58 36 18 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.0 $277.00 341.50 427.50 564.50 $288.00 $235.00 346.00 1 .>34.00 404.50 344.00 506.00 477.00 - $315.00 v 70.00 482.00 600.50 - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ 410.50 466.50 533.50 594.50 698.00 - - - - - 224.00 255.00 338.00 37 15 40.0 40.0 440.50 498.50 443.50 534.50 407.50 455.00 - 479.50 558.50 - - - - - - - - - - - - 240 195 32 40.0 39.5 39.5 191.00 208.00 260.00 184.50 206.00 263.00 172.00 192.50 252.00 - 217.50 223.50 268.00 Table 12. Occupational averages: Professional and technical workers—pharmaceuticals—Continued (Number of workers and average straight>time weekly earnings and hours1in selected occupations, United States and selected regions, September 1978) Middle West Occupation Average Number weekly of work hours (Stan ers dard) Weekly earnings1 Mean Median _ - Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists I ........................... I I .......................... III.......................... I V ......................... V .......................... VI ......................... _ - _ _ - - Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists I ........................... II ........................... III .......................... IV .......................... V .......................... V I .......................... 23 36 38 17 11 - 40.0 40.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 - Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers I ........................... I I .......................... I I I ......................... IV ......................... V .......................... V I......................... Science technicians I .......... Science technicians I I ......... Science technicians III........ _ _ _ - 40.0 - 327.50 - - 35 82 34 39.5 40.0 40.0 207.00 216.00 228.00 194.00 208.50 220.00 8 Average Number weekly of work hours (Stan ers dard) Middle range _ - _ - $238.00 $230.00 $227.50 _ 272.50 262.50 |l 255.00 327.50 333.00 299.00 442.00 433.00 343.00 557.00 _ - Pacific - $262.00 297.50 356.50 529.00 - _ 35 7 _ 69 84 42 9 - _ 40.0 40.0 _ 40.0 40.0 40.0 39.0 - Mean Median Middle range _ _ _ $359.50 $384.001$320.00 ! 453.50 _ 306.00 366.50 441.50 503.50 - _ _ _ - $404.50 - _ _ 318.50 272.50 366.00 331.50 _ 432.00 391.00 - 332.00 399.00 476.00 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - 181.00 _ 198.00 220.00 - 1 Weekly hours have been rounded to the nearest half hour, and weekly earnings to the nearest half dollar. Earnings information excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi days, and late shifts. See appendix A for methods used in computing medians and middle ranges. Medians and middle ranges are not _ - Weekly earnings1 251.50 229.50 237.50 43 81 32 40.0 40.0 40.5 169.00 202.50 233.00 - 167.00 163.50 _ 198.00 189.50 229.50 218.00 - 173.50 217.00 253.50 provided for occupations with fewer than 15 workers. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 13. Occupational earnings: Professional and technical workers—Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif. (Number of workers and average straight-time weekly earnings2 in selected occupations in drug manufacturing, September 1978) Aver age Number weekly of work hours ers (stan dard) Occupation Biologists III Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists I ... II . III IV V . 9 40.0 $266.00 13 18 30 6 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 220.50 246.50 323.00 417.50 511.50 10 40.0 459.501 - 10 Engineers IV Average weekly earn $180 and ings (stan under dard) $ 2 0 0 Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— $200 $220 $240 $260 $280 $300 $320 $340 $360 $380 $400 $420 $440 $460 $480 $500 $520 $220 $240 $260 $280 $300 $320 $340 $360 $380 $400 $420 $440 $460 $480 $500 $520 $540 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 3 3 - - 5 3 5 1 1 2 8 4 4 2 - - - 1 - 1 4 - 7 - 7 1 - - 2 1 - - 1 - 3 2 - 2 - - 2 3 3 The Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area consists of Los Angeles County. Average weekly hours are rounded to the nearest half hour and earnings to the nearest half dollar. Earnings information excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi $540 and over 3 2 1 1 - 1 2 2 - - - days, and late shifts. 1 2 NOTE: Dashes indicate no data. Table 14. Occupational earnings: Professional and technical workers—New Jersey (Number of workers and Average straight-time weekly earnings1 in selected occupations in drug manufacturing, September 1978) Occupation Aver age Number weekly of work hours ers (stan dard) Average weekly $120 $140 earn and ings under $160 (stan $140 dard) Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists I ................. I I ................ I I I ............... IV .............. V ............... VI .............. 192 228 177 168 142 58 38.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 $293.50 338.50 404.50 464.00 583.00 653.50 Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists I ................. II ................ III ............... I V ............... V ................ VI ............... 310 569 634 468 337 180 38.5 39.5 39.5 39.0 39.5 39.5 282.50 332.50 399.50 468.00 536.00 624.50 Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers I ................ II ............... III .............. IV .............. V ............... V I .............. 17 42 105 117 89 39 38.5 39.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 330.50 379.00 447.00 506.50 566.50 647.50 244 509 442 38.5 39.0 39.5 205.50 232.50 305.00 Science technicians I . Science technicians II Science technicians III2 1 Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— $160 $180 $200 $220 $240 $260 $280 $300 $320 $340 $360 $380 $400 $440 $480 $520 $560 $600 $640 $680 $720 $180 $200 $220 $240 $260 $280 $300 $320 $340 $360 $380 $400 $440 $480 $520 $560 $600 $640 $680 $720 $760 7 3 23 53 40 16 31 19 35 15 47 34 - - - - - - - - - 11 12 8 11 22 5 3 24 4 - - - - 5 7 7 27 4 - 2 17 43 5 15 16 2 - 8 17 6 10 6 2 6 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - 3 20 8 8 1 4 - - - - - - - - 14 3 - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 27 3 4 - 81 31 6 - 41 59 20 87 60 6 8 21 16 78 43 17 5 24 18 7 4 1 23 84 43 4 - - 1 12 87 95 36 3 6 18 47 27 3 2 51 14 1 1 5 47 73 46 10 4 36 114 74 31 1 _ _ _ _ _ - _ 2 5 2 - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - - - - - - 1 1 2 7 4 3 - 3 5 3 3 11 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 22 12 - 19 41 36 17 4 15 28 23 - 39 71 28 2 43 87 66 11 7 - - - - 38 24 20 - 22 9 19 13 5 - 10 _ 11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 34 16 - 15 50 - 47 77 34 71 17 49 83 16 32 41 24 21 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 56 44 71 32 20 3 26 181 1 35 All workers were at $760 to $800. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data. - - 6 - - 8 17 6 30 11 9 14 13 38 - - 2 - 2 - - - - 8 3 94 75 47 4 - - 4 4 _ 36 19 3 2 1 Average weekly hours are rounded to the nearest half hour and earnings to the nearest half dollar. Earnings information excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 2 Workers were distributed as follows: 4 at $760 to $800 and 2 at $800 and over. 78 50 5 3 2 11 $760 and over - 5 1 2 14 22 - - - - - - - 2 1 12 8 6 1 - 5 2 3 9 3 7 _ 8 _ _ _ _ _ 5 Table 15. Occupational earnings: Professional and technical workers—New York-Northeastern New Jersey1 (Number of workers and average straight-time weekly earnings12 in selected occupations in drug manufacturing, September 1978) Occupation Aver age Number weekly of work hours ers (stan dard) Average weekly earn $ 1 2 0 $140 and ings (stan under $160 $140 dard) Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists Biologists I ................. I I ................. I I I ............... IV V VI 194 249 186 232 161 77 38.0 39.0 38.5 39.0 39.0 39.0 $294.00 332.00 397.00 452.00 572.00 641.00 Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists Chemists I ................. II ................ III ............... I V ............... V ................ VI ............... 306 624 741 559 416 203 38.5 39.0 39.5 39.0 39.0 39.5 282.00 327.50 391.50 463.00 534.50 625.50 Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers I ................ II ...... III ..... IV ..... V ...... V I.............. 17 47 114 140 38.5 39.0 39.5 39.0 39.5 39.5 330.50 376.50 445.50 501.00 559.00 644.50 Science technicians I . Science technicians II Science technicians III 111 40 319 594 597 39.0 39.0 39.5 Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— $160 $180 $200 $220 $240 $260 $280 $300 $320 $340 $360 $380 $400 $440 $480 $520 $560 $600 $640 $680 $720 $180 $200 $220 $240 $260 $280 $300 $320 $340 $360 $380 $400 $440 $480 $520 $560 $600 $640 $680 $720 $760 5 56 15 3 43 14 42 13 15 46 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 23 - - - 17 1 6 7 7 30 7 - - 17 45 18 - 2 18 43 56 7 - 2 19 29 15 5 _ _ _ _ - - - - - 11 - - - - - - 23 17 9 - - - - - - - - 14 3 - - - - - - - - - 3 6 1 11 35 13 13 4 5 24 15 15 3 66 1 _ _ _ - _ - - - - 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41 81 26 4 - - - - - - - - - 30 2 77 32 80 63 12 6 19 113 53 4 80 70 16 74 80 6 21 20 - - 1 12 85 125 41 3 5 47 75 59 10 4 36 121 101 39 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 2 2 - - 5 1 2 3 2 2 7 6 8 11 3 4 8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 _ _ _ _ 69 70 33 204 - 77 2 0 1 .0 0 20 235.50 301 00 - - 58 19 - 16 53 - 52 99 2 55 59 23 55 85 34 38 62 46 23 113 37 - 1 2 66 7 11 2 - 8 20 13 17 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - 6 - - 8 37 17 9 10 62 4 11 2 Middle Atlantic 12 41 48 22 4 15 34 31 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ - - - 38 - - 9 20 14 15 42 14 28 9 8 2 1 19 4 12 8 6 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 22 5 3 Pacific Los AngelesLong Beach New Jersey - - - - - - - - New YorkNortheastern N.J. 100 100 100 100 100 Time-rated workers........................................ Formal plans............................................... Single ra te ................................................ Range of rates.......................................... Individual ra te s ............................................ 99 97 22 76 2 99 99 32 67 (3) 100 99 16 83 1 97 95 16 79 2 100 93 15 78 7 100 87 100 100 30 70 - 100 100 22 78 (3) Incentive workers........................................... 1 1 - 3 - - 3 - 100 - 9 - 100 - - _ 100 87 13 1 _ NOTE: Dashes indicate no data. Middle West - _ All workers................................................. 1 For definition of method of wage payment, see appendix A. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 2 6 _ information excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 3 All workers were at $760 to $800. Southeast - 22 40 99 28 (Percent of production workers in drug manufacturing establishments by method of wage payment,1 United States and selected regions, State, and areas, September 1978) United States2 _ 43 96 74 19 Table 16. Method of wage payment Method 6 6 - 44 26 3 1 11 5 15 _ 27 29 4 - 2 22 4 3 92 42 15 7 - 2 5 3 _ 111 1 1 The New York-Northeastern New Jersey consolidated area consists of the following metropolitan areas: Nassau-Suffolk, N.Y.; New York, N.Y.-N.J.; Jersey City, Long Branch-Asbury Park, Newark, New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville, and Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, N.J.; and Nonwalk and Stamford, Conn. 2 Average weekly hours are rounded to the nearest half hour and earnings to the nearest half dollar. Earnings 12 $760 and over - NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate no data. 5 Table 17. Scheduled weekly hours (Percent of production workers in drug manufacturing establishments by scheduled weekly hours,1 United States and selected regions, September 1978) United States2 Weekly hours Middle Atlantic Southeast All workers................................................. 100 100 100 37.5 hours...................................................... Over 37.5 and under 40 hours ..................... 40 hours......................................................... 4 3 93 7 3 90 100 1 Data relate to the predominant schedule for fulltime day-shift workers in each establishment. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. _ Pacific Middle West 100 100 7 93 13 87 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100. Dashes indicate no data. Table 18. Shift differential provisions (Percent of production workers in drug manufacturing establishments by shift differential provisions,1 United States and selected regions, September 1978) Shift differential Second shift Workers in establishments with second-shift provisions.......................... With shift differential ............................ Uniform cents per h o u r..................... 10 cents ........................................... 12 c e n ts ........................................... 13 c e n ts ........................................... 15 c e n ts ........................................... 17 c e n ts ........................................... 17.5 c e n ts ........................................ 18 c e n ts ........................................... 20 cents ........................................... Over 20 and under 25 ce n ts.......... 25 cents ........................................... 28 c e n ts ........................................... 30 cents ........................................... 35 c e n ts ........................................... Over 35 cents.................................. Uniform percentage........................... 5 percent.......................................... 7 percent.......................................... 7.5 percent....................................... 8 percent.......................................... 10 percent........................................ United States2 92.1 91.4 72.6 3.0 4.0 .5 17.8 .3 1.5 3.5 15.7 5.8 7.7 7.7 2.1 2.5 .7 18.8 5.9 .7 1.2 5.2 5.8 Middle Atlantic Southeast 91.6 91.6 66.7 3.0 5.2 98.6 98.6 90.3 5.0 6.7 11.3 .4 46.4 2.1 16.6 6.0 2.2 13.9 4.2 14.8 13.2 Middle West 80.7 80.7 69.0 5.5 5.4 2.3 Pacific 7.2 Third shift Workers in establishments with third-shift provisions............................... With shift differential ............................ Uniform cents per h our..................... 12 cents ........................................ 15 c e n ts .......................................... 16 cents ......................................... 17 c e n ts .......................................... 18 cents ......................................... 20 c e n ts ........................................... Over 20 and under 25 ce n ts.......... 25 c e n ts .......................................... Over 25 and under 30 ce n ts.......... 30 c e n ts .......................................... 35 c e n ts .......................................... Over 35 and under 40 ce n ts.......... 40 c e n ts .......................................... 44 c e n ts .......................................... 45 c e n ts .......................................... 7.2 U niform perce n ta g e ........................ 7.5 percent....................................... 10 p e r c e n t.............................................. Over 10 and under 15 percent 15 p e rc e n t ............................................ 88.8 86.6 79.4 4.2 22.9 1.2 23.2 14.7 11.8 26.0 16.7 8.3 6.1 4.9 1.3 24.9 7.1 8.3 11.7 1.5 6.8 10.7 5.6 1.6 11.7 Shift differential Other formal paid differential............ 1 Refers to policies of establishments currently operating late shifts or having provisions covering late shifts. data. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Middle Atlantic Southeast 83.6 83.4 65.7 .3 4.3 .7 .3 1.5 6.5 1.5 24.0 1.7 9.2 .7 3.1 1.9 7.5 2.5 84.5 84.5 61.8 89.6 89.6 82.8 6.3 4.0 4.1 .6 4.9 2.6 14.8 17.5 3.7 8.1 22.7 United States2 4.9 .8 .3 Middle West 76.7 76.7 65.0 5.5 2.3 Pacific 83.1 80.5 73.3 5.4 24.3 .4 1.6 8.2 19.3 | 38.1 23.2 2.4 11.8 4.7 23.0 17.1 16.7 11.8 4.7 .8 13.9 4.1 6.1 6.8 6.8 11.7 7.2 11.7 12.5 10.2 7.2 - - - NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate no Table 19. Shift differential practices (Percent of production workers in drug manufacturing establishments employed on late shifts by amount of pay differential, United States and selected regions, September 1978) Shift differential Second shift Workers employed on second s h ift....... Receiving differential............................. Uniform cents per h o u r..................... 10 c e n ts ........................................... 12 c e n ts ........................................... 13 c e n ts ........................................... 15 c e n ts ........................................... 17 c e n ts ........................................... 17.5 c e n ts ........................................ 18 c e n ts ........................................... 20 c e n ts ........................................... Over 20 and under 25 ce n ts......... 25 c e n ts ............................ .............. 28 c e n ts ........................................... 30 c e n ts .......................................... 35 cents ........................................... Over 35 cents.................................. Uniform percentage........................... 5 percent......................... ................ 7 percent.......................................... 7.5 percent....................................... 8 percent......................... ................ 10 percent........................................ United States1 Middle Atlantic Southeast 19.8 19.5 16.6 .5 .6 .1 4.6 0 .2 1.1 3.6 1.1 1.9 2.4 .3 .4 16.3 16.3 13.7 .3 .8 24.3 24.3 23.0 1.2 1.2 2.5 O 12.5 .5 3.0 1.2 .2 4.3 1.3 5.2 1.7 2.9 1.8 2.6 1.6 .2 1.8 .4 24.3 24.0 22.0 .2 _ 7.3 1.6 9.2 4.0 1.6 1.3 .6 .8 _ _ 1.3 3.1 1.9 1.1 .9 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Less than 0.05 percent. 12.2 12.2 9.0 Pacific 2.9 .2 1.0 Middle West .2 3.1 1.9 Shift differential Third shift Workers employed on third s h ift............ Receiving differential............................ Uniform cents per h o u r..................... 15 c e n ts .................... ...................... 16 cents ......................................... 17 cents .......................................... 18 c e n ts ........................................... 20 c e n ts .......................................... Over 20 and under 25 ce n ts.......... 25 c e n ts .......................................... Over 25 and under 30 ce n ts.......... 30 c e n ts .......................................... 35 c e n ts .......................................... Over 35 and under 40 ce n ts .......... 40 c e n ts .......................................... 44 c e n ts ........................................... 45 c e n ts .......................................... Uniform percentage........................... 7.5 percent....................................... 10 percent....................................... Over 10 and under 15 pe rce n t...... 15 percent....................................... Other formal paid differential............ United States1 Middle Atlantic Southeast Middle West Pacific 5.9 5.9 5.1 4.5 4.5 4.3 9.6 9.6 9.0 6.2 6.2 4.7 4.2 4.1 4.1 .4 (2) .1 .2 .3 .1 1.6 .1 1.1 (2) .2 .1 .8 .1 .8 .5 .2 O .1 .4 .8 .2 _ _ .1 .2 .5 1.0 1.5 (2) .2 1.9 1.8 .1 .2 1.2 2.2 4.5 2.8 .1 .4 (2) 1.2 .2 .2 .5 .5 .2 (2) - .6 1.5 1.5 - - - NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate no data. Table 20. Paid holidays (Percent of production workers in drug manufacturing establishments with formal provisions for paid holidays, United States and selected regions, September 1978) Number of paid holidays United States1 Middle Atlantic Southeast Middle West Pacific All workers................................................. 100 100 100 100 100 Workers in establishments providing paid holidays................................ 8 days or less.............................................. 8 days plus 1 or 2 half days ...................... 9 days .......................................................... 9 days plus 1 or 2 half days ...................... 10 days........................................................ 10 days plus 1 or 2 half days .................... 11 days ........................................................ 11 days plus 1 or 2 half d a ys.................... 12 days........................................................ 13 days........................................................ 14 days ........................................................ 15 days........................................................ Over 15 d a ys............................................... 100 3 1 12 (1 2) 26 1 27 1 24 1 (2) 1 1 100 1 1 100 2 100 1 100 7 8 10 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Less than 0.5 percent. - - - 55 13 - - - - 28 2 22 2 39 2 1 2 36 23 1 23 31 7 - 50 3 23 - - 7 - - - - - - NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate no data. Table 21. Paid vacations (Percent of production workers in drug manufacturing establishments with formal provisions for paid vacations after selected periods of service, United States and selected regions, September 1978) Vacation policy All w orkers........................................... Method o f payment Workers in establishments providing paid vacations Length-of-time payment....................... Percentage paym ent............................ ............................. O th e r........... Amount of vacation pay2 After 6 months of service: Under 1 week ....................................... 1 week .................................................. Over 1 and under 2 w e e ks.................. 2 weeks ................................................. After 1 year of service: 1 week .................................................. Over 1 and under 2 weeks .................. 2 weeks ................................................. Over 2 and under 3 w e e ks................. 3 weeks ................................................. After 2 years of service: 1 week .................................................. Over 1 and under 2 w e e ks................. 2 weeks ................................................. Over 2 and under 3 w e e ks................. 3 weeks ................................................ After 3 years of service: 1 week .................................................. 2 weeks ................................................. Over 2 and under 3 w e e ks................. 3 weeks ................................................. After 5 years of service: 2 weeks ................................................. Over 2 and under 3 w e e ks................. 3 weeks ................................................. Over 3 and under 4 w e e ks.................. After 10 years of service: 2 weeks ................................................. Over 2 and under 3 w e e ks................. 3 weeks ................................................. United States1 100 100 97 3 1 Middle Atlantic 100 100 100 - _ Southeast 100 100 99 1 _ Middle West Pacific 100 100 100 100 - _ 100 100 - _ 20 31 18 5 15 36 21 6 55 21 9 7 46 6 24 19 20 1 78 1 (3) 13 1 86 24 49 24 _ _ 2 (3) 96 1 (3) _ 1 98 1 76 1 99 44 8 6 86 76 (3) _ _ 100 (3) 8 1 99 (3) 96 2 1 98 2 26 2 71 1 20 3 76 1 38 1 (3) 82 1 1 82 - - - - 92 85 4 11 8 62 35 2 63 12 3 84 (3) 1 1 - - - 74 81 72 1 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 2 Vacation payments, such as percent of annual earnings, were converted to an equivalent time basis. Periods of service were chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes indicated at 10 years may include changes that occurred between 5 and 10 years. Vacation policy Amount of vacation pay2 After 10 years of service:— Con. Over 3 and under 4 w e e ks................. 4 weeks ................................................ After 12 years of service: 2 weeks ................................................ 3 weeks ................................................ Over 3 and under 4 w e e ks................. 4 weeks ................ ..... .......................... Over 4 and under 5 w eeks................. After 15 years of service: 2 weeks ................................................ 3 weeks ................................................ Over 3 and under 4 w e e ks................. 4 weeks ................................................ Over 4 and under 5 w e e ks................. 5 weeks ................................................ 6 weeks ................................................ After 25 years of service: 2 weeks ................................................ 3 weeks ................................................ Over 3 and under 4 w e e ks................. 4 weeks ................................................ Over 4 and under 5 w e e ks................. 5 weeks ................................................ 6 weeks ................................................ Over 7 weeks................ ......... ............. After 30 years of service:4 2 weeks ................................................. 3 weeks ................................................ Over 3 and under 4 w e e ks................. 4 weeks ................................................ Over 4 and under 5 w e e ks................. 5 weeks ................................................ 6 weeks ................................................ Over 6 and under 7 w eeks................. Over 7 weeks............... ........................ United States1 Middle Atlantic 2 15 1 15 (3) 62 3 33 1 1 47 5 46 1 (3) 12 2 83 1 1 (3) _ (3) 5 (3) 18 2 72 1 1 (3) 5 (3) 18 1 44 31 1 1 4 5 90 1 Middle West Pacific 26 2 16 (3) 26 71 59 29 - 41 - 1 61 (3) 37 - Southeast - _ _ 21 10 79 80 _ _ _ 9 _ _ _ _ _ 3 2 1 1 27 (3) 69 _ _ 3 _ _ _ 6 2 89 42 37 1 27 (3) 20 55 54 8 49 3 1 - _ _ _ 3 2 1 6 2 38 51 42 37 1 27 (3) 20 55 54 8 49 3 - - - 1 _ _ _ 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 4 Vacation provisions were virtually the same after longer periods of service. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dashes indicate no data. Table 22. Health, insurance, and retirement plans (Percent of production workers in drug manufacturing establishments with specified health, insurance, and retirement p lans/ United States and selected regions, September 1978) Type of plan All workers................................................. Workers in establishments providing: Life insurance.............................................. Noncontributory plans............................... Accidental death and dismemberment insurance.................... Noncontributory plans............................... Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both3 ................................ Sickness and accident insurance............. Noncontributory plans............................ Sick leave (full pay, no waiting period) ................................... Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period).................................... Long-term disability insurance.................... Noncontributory plans.............................. Hospitalization insurance............................ Noncontributory plans.............................. Surgical insurance....................................... Noncontributory plans.............................. Medical insurance....................................... Noncontributory plans.............................. Major medical insurance............................. Noncontributory plans.............................. Dental insurance......................................... Noncontributory plans.............................. Retirement plans4 ........................................ Pensions................................................... Noncontributory plans............................ Severance p a y.......................................... No plans...................................................... United States1 2 Middle Atlantic Southeast Middle West Pacific 100 100 100 100 100 99 70 99 62 100 93 100 82 100 83 84 63 84 66 90 62 66 48 82 69 94 71 58 91 82 58 100 93 93 100 83 74 97 6 6 62 71 28 49 95 12 54 37 99 67 99 67 99 67 92 64 54 32 92 92 66 6 (5) 6 60 40 99 60 99 60 99 60 84 53 57 34 98 98 79 12 1 18 39 28 100 79 100 79 100 79 100 79 28 10 83 83 37 23 31 22 100 89 100 89 100 89 100 89 63 54 90 90 74 2 38 28 100 69 100 69 100 69 100 69 84 59 78 78 74 1 Includes those plans for which the employer pays at least part of the cost and excludes legally required plans such as workers’ compensation and social security; however, plans required by State temporary disability laws are included if the employer contributes more than is legally required or the employees receive benefits in excess of legal requirements. “ Noncontributory plans” include only those plans financed entirely by the employer. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those - - - - - - shown separately. 3 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sickness and accident insurance and sick leave shown separately. 4 Unduplicated total of workers covered by pension plans and severance pay shown separately. 5 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data. Table 23. Other selected benefits (Percent of production workers in drug manufacturing establishments providing funeral leave pay, jury-duty pay, technological severance pay, and cost-of-living adjustments,1 United States and selected regions, September 1978) Type of benefit Workers in establishments with provisions for: Funeral leave.................................................. Jury-duty leave............................................... Technological severance pay........................ Cost-of-living adjustments.............................. Based on BLS Consumer Price Index ....... Other basis .................................................. United States1 2 Middle Atlantic 99 96 24 20 19 1 99 99 29 28 28 (3) 1 For definition of items, see appendix A. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Southeast Middle West Pacific 99 85 100 100 4 6 64 - 92 85 38 10 10 - - - 3 Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Dashes indicate no data. Table 24. Professional and technical workers: Selected benefits (Percent of professional and technical workers in drug manufacturing establishments where selected benefit provisions were compared with those of production workers,1 drug manufacturing, United States and selected regions, September 1978) Benefit United States1 2 Middle Atlantic Southeast 96 98 99 99 65 93 Middle West Pacific Los AngelesLong Beach New Jersey New YorkNortheastern New Jersey 98 97 98 98 _ . Holidays Same as production workers: Professional workers............................... Technical workers.................................... More liberal than production workers: Professional workers............................... Less liberal than production workers: Professional w orkers............................... Technical workers.................................... 6 1 100 100 . 64 100 62 100 36 38 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ - - - - 2 3 2 2 73 85 66 81 55 76 72 77 100 100 100 100 56 74 59 76 24 14 34 19 12 17 28 23 - - 43 26 40 24 1 1 5 - - - 1 1 78 86 75 86 57 81 45 57 94 97 100 100 80 94 79 93 18 12 23 14 9 12 55 43 6 3 18 6 19 7 1 1 5 1 1 92 94 93 93 60 93 89 92 99 100 99 100 5 4 6 6 6 11 8 1 (3) 5 78 89 73 89 66 93 56 72 94 73 19 7 27 9 - 43 28 - (3) - - - Vacations Same as production workers: Professional w orkers............................... Technical workers.................................... More liberal than production workers: Professional w orkers............................... Technical workers.................................... Less liberal than production workers: Professional w orkers............................... Life insurance Same as production workers: Professional w orkers............................... Technical workers.................................... More liberal than production workers: Professional w orkers............................... Technical workers.................................... Less liberal than production workers: Professional workers............................... - H ospitalization insurance Same as production workers: Professional workers............................... Technical workers.................................... More liberal than production workers: Professional w orkers............................... Technical workers.................................... Less liberal than production workers: Professional workers............................... - 100 100 - 100 100 - - - 1 1 68 92 72 93 - 32 6 27 5 - - - R etirem ent pensions Same as production workers: Professional w orkers............................... Technical workers.................................... More liberal than production workers: Professional w orkers............................... Technical workers.................................... Less liberal than production workers: Professional workers............................... 1 For definition of items, see appendix A. 2 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. 3 Less than 0.5 percent. 5 100 100 NOTE: Sums of individual items may not equal 100 because some workers, not shown in this table, were in establishments which did not employ production workers or which did not provide benefits to any workers. Dashes indicate no data. Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey Scope of survey were considered as producing pharmaceuticals. The survey included establishments, including re search units, of companies engaged primarily in manu facturing medicinal chemicals and pharmaceutical prod ucts (industry group 283 as defined in the 1972 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual pre pared by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget). Separate auxiliary units such as central offices were excluded. Establishments studied were selected from those em ploying 50 workers or more at the time of reference of the data used in compiling the universe lists. Table A-l shows the number of establishments and workers esti mated to be within the scope of the survey, as well as the number actually studied by the Bureau. Method of study Data were obtained by personal visits of the Bureau’s field representatives to a probability-based sample of establishments within the scope of the survey. To ob tain appropriate accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than of small establishments was studied. All estimates are presented, therefore, as relat ing to all establishments in the industry, excluding only those below the minimum size at the time of reference of the universe data. Establishment definition An establishment is defined for this study as a single physical location where industrial operations are per formed, consisting of either a manufacturing plant, a combination plant and research facility, or a a separate research facility. An establishment is not necessarily identical with a company, which may consist of one establishment or more. Products Classification of establishments by industry was based on the principal product manufactured. For example, if 60 percent of the total value of an establishment’s production was pharmaceuticals, and 40 percent was medicinal chemicals, all workers in that establishment Table A-1. Estimated number of establishments and employees within scope of survey' and number studied, drug manufacturing industries, September 1978 Number of establishments4 Workers in establishments Within scope of study Region2 and area3 Within scope of study Actually studied United States6 ............................................................. 284 153 Middle Atlantic7 ........................................................... New Jersey............................................................... New York-Northeastern N.J..................................... Southeast..................................................................... Middle West ................................................................ Pacific7 ......................................................................... Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif................................ 118 63 77 27 30 35 19 55 24 27 14 18 25 14 1 Survey coverage was reduced to 84 percent of the nationwide employment in these industries because of the unavailability of data from large establishments in the industry that could not be adequately represented by other establishments. Because these nonrespondents were centered in the Great Lakes region, which has about one-fourth of the industries’ work force, data for the region could not be shown separately. 2 The regions used in this study include: Middle Atlantic— New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; Southeast— Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; Middle West— Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, North Dakota, and South Actually studied Production workers Professional workers Technical workers 124,775 54,332 17,930 7,099 92,807 69,627 39,265 43,764 14,075 7,433 8,250 3,245 26,228 12,520 14,245 9,577 3,421 3,593 1,717 11,038 7,141 8,289 1,268 541 64 60 3,578 1,862 2,211 844 367 37 27 49,865 28,337 31,527 10,272 6,268 5,666 2,874 Total5 Dakota; and Pacific— California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. 3 See individual area tables 8-10 and 13-15 for definitions of selected areas. 4 Includes only those establishments with 50 workers or more at the time of reference of the universe data. 5 Includes other workers in addition to the categories shown separately. 6 Includes data for regions in addition to those shown separately. Alaska and Hawaii were not included in the study. 7 Includes data for areas in addition to those shown separately. 29 Employment workers, were calculated by weighting each rate (or hourly earnings) by the number of workers receiving the rate, totaling, and dividing by the number of indi viduals. The hourly earnings of salaried workers were obtained by dividing straight-time salary by normal (or standard) hours to which the salary corresponds. The median designates position; that is, one-half of the employees surveyed received more than this rate and one-half received less. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay such that one-fourth of the em ployees earned less than the lower of these rates and one-fourth earned more than the higher rate. Estimates of the number of workers within the scope of the study are intended as a general guide to the size and composition of the industry’s labor force, rather than as precise measures of employment. Production workers The terms “production workers” and “production and related workers,” used interchangeably in this bul letin, include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers engaged in nonoffice activities. Adminis trative, executive, professional, and technical person nel, and force-account construction employees, who are used as a separate work force on the firm’s own prop erties, are excluded. Size of community Tabulations by size of community pertain to metro politan and nonmetropolitan areas. The term “metro politan areas,” as used in this bulletin, refers to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget through February 1974. Except in New England, a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area is defined as a county or group of contiguous counties which contains at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more. Counties con tiguous to the one containing such a city are included in a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area if, accord ing to certain criteria, they are essentially metropolitan in character and are socially and economically integrat ed with the central city. In New England, where the city and town are administratively more important than the county, they are the units used in defining Stand ard Metropolitan Statistical Areas. Professional and technical workers “Professional workers” include those who are en gaged in work at a level which requires knowledge equivalent to that acquired through completion of a 4-year college course. “Technical workers” include those who are engaged in technical work using knowl edge and skills obtained through study at a technical school, a 4-year or 2-year college course, or equivalent training or experience. Estimates of professional and technical workers are not limited to the occupations (biologists, chemists, engineers, and science technicians) for which separate data were provided. Occupational classification Occupational classification was based on a uniform set of job descriptions designed to take account of in terestablishment and interarea variations in duties with in the same job. (See appendix B for these descriptions.) The criteria for selection of the occupations were: The number of workers in the occupation; the usefulness of the data in collective bargaining; and appropriate rep resentation of the entire job scale in the industry. Work ing supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, train ees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and proba tionary workers were not reported in the data for se lected production occupations but were included in the data for all production workers. Part-time workers were excluded from the data reported for professional and technical occupations. Labor-management agreements Separate wage data are presented, where possible, for establishments that had (1) a majority of the pro duction workers covered by labor-management con tracts, and (2) none or a minority of the production workers covered by labor-management contracts. Method of wage payment Tabulations by method of wage payment relate to the number of production workers paid under the var ious time and incentive wage systems. Formal rate struc tures for time-rated workers provide single rates or a range of rates for individual job categories. In the ab sence of a formal rate structure, pay rates are deter mined primarily by the qualifications of the individual worker. A single rate structure is one in which the same rate is paid to all experienced workers in the same job classification. Learners, apprentices, or probationary workers may be paid according to rate schedules which start below the single rate and permit the workers to achieve the full job rate over a period of time. An ex perienced worker occasionally may be paid above or below the single rate for special reasons, but such pay ments are exceptions. Range-of-rate plans are those in which the minimum, maximum, or both of these rates Wage data Information on wages relates to straight-time hourly earnings, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Incentive payments, such as those resulting from piecework or production bonus systems, and cost-of-living bonuses were included as part of the workers’ regular pay. Non production bonus payments, such as Christmas or yearend bonuses, were excluded. Average (mean) hourly rates or earnings for each oc cupation or category of workers, such as production 30 paid experienced workers for the same job are speci fied. Specific rates of individual workers within the range may be determined by merit, length of service, or a combination of these. Incentive workers are clas sified under piecework or bonus plans. Piecework is work for which a predetermined rate is paid for each unit of output. Production bonuses are for production in excess of a quota or for completion of a task in less than standard time. Among plans included are those underwritten by a com mercial insurance company and those paid directly by the employer from his current operating funds or from a fund set aside for this purpose. Death benefits are included as a form of life insur ance. Sickness and accident insurance is limited to that type of insurance under which predetermined cash pay ments are made directly to the insured on a weekly or monthly basis during illness or accident disability. In formation is presented for all such plans to which the employer contributes at least a part of the cost. How ever, in New York and New Jersey, where temporary disability insurance laws require employer contribu tions,1plans are included only if the employer (1) con tributes more than is legally required, or (2) provides the employees with benefits which exceed the require ments of the law. Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are limited to formal plans which provide full pay or a proportion of the worker’s pay during absence from work because of illness; informal arrangements have been omitted. Sep arate tabulations are provided for (1) plans which pro vide full pay and no waiting period, and (2) plans pro viding either partial pay or a waiting period. Long-term disability insurance plans provide pay ments to totally disabled employees upon the expiration of sick leave, sickness and accident insurance, or both, or after a specified period of disability (typically 6 months). Payments are made until the end of disability, a maximum age, or eligibility for retirement benefits. Payments may be full or partial, but are almost always reduced by social security, workers’ compensation, and private pension benefits payable to the disabled employee. Medical insurance refers to plans providing for com plete or partial payment of doctors’ fees. Such plans may be underwritten by a commercial insurance com pany or a nonprofit organization, or they may be a form of self-insurance. Major medical insurance, sometimes referred to as extended medical or catastrophe insurance, includes plans designed to cover employees for sickness or in jury involving an expense which exceeds the normal coverage of hospitalization, medical, and surgical plans. Dental insurance, for purposes of this survey, usual ly covers fillings, extractions, and X-rays. Excluded are plans which cover only oral surgery or accident damage. Tabulations of retirement pensions are limited to plans which provide regular payments for the remainder of the retiree’s life. Data are presented separately for re tirement severance pay (one payment or several over a specified period of time) made to employees on re tirement. Establishments providing both retirement sev erance payments and retirement pensions to employees Scheduled weekly hours Data on weekly hours refer to the predominant work schedule for full-time production workers employed on the day shift. Shift provisions and practices Shift provisions relate to the policies of establishments either currently operating late shifts or having formal provisions covering late-shift work. Shift practices re late to workers employed on late shifts at the time of the survey. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Supplementary benefits in an establishment were con sidered applicable to all production workers if they ap plied to half or more of such workers in the establish ment. Similarly, if fewer than half of the workers were covered, the benefit was considered nonexistent in the establishment. Because of length-of-service and other eligibility requirements, the proportion of workers re ceiving the benefits may be smaller than estimated. Es timates for professional and technical workers were based on a comparison, within each establishment, of the benefits provided these workers and benefits pro vided to production workers. Paid holidays. Paid holiday provisions relate to fullday and half-day holidays provided annually. Paid vacations. The summary of vacation plans is lim ited to formal arrangements and excludes informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the discretion of the employer or supervisor. Payments not on a time basis were converted; for example, a payment of 2 per cent of annual earnings was considered the equivalent of 1 week’s pay. The periods of service for which data are presented represent the most common practices, but they do not necessarily reflect individual establishment provisions for progression. For example, changes in proportions indicated at 10 years of service may include changes which occurred between 5 and 10 years. Health, insurance, and retirement plans. Data are pre sented for health, insurance, pension, and retirement severance plans for which the employer pays all or a part of the cost, excluding programs required by law such as workers’ compensation and social security. 1The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer contributions. 31 were considered as having both retirement pensions and retirement severance plans; however, establishments having optional plans providing employees a choice of either retirement severance payments or pensions were considered as having only retirement pension benefits. Technological severance pay. Data relate to formal plans providing for payments to employees permanently sep arated from the company because of a technological change or plant closing. Paid funeral and jury-duty leave. Data for paid funeral and jury-duty leave relate to formal plans which pro vide at least partial payment for time lost as a result of attending funerals of specified family members or serv ing as a juror. Cost-of-living adjustments. Data relate to formal plans for adjustments to wages in keeping with changes in the BLS Consumer Price Index or some other measure. 32 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions Direction received. Works under close supervision. Receives specific and detailed instructions as to required tasks and results expected. Work is checked during progress and is reviewed for accuracy upon completion. The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field rep resentatives in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establish ment to establishment and area to area. This classifica tion permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment comparability of occu pational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may dif fer significantly from those in use in individual estab lishments or those prepared for other purposes. Unless otherwise indicated, these job descriptions exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. Typical duties and responsibilities. Performs a variety of routine tasks that are planned to provide experience and familiarization with the biology staff, methods, prac tices, and programs of the company. Responsibility for the direction o f others. Biologist II General characteristics. At this continuing develop mental level, performs routine scientific work requiring selection and application of general and specialized methods, techniques, and instruments commonly used in the laboratory, and the ability to carry out instruc tions when less common or proposed methods or pro cedures are necessary. Requires work experience ac quired in an entry level position or appropriate gradu ate level study. For training and developmental pur poses, assignments may include some work that is typ ical of a higher level. (Terminal positions are excluded.) PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS Biologist (Bacteriologist; ologist) pathologist; pharmacologist; zo Performs professional work in research and develop ment and quality control relating to life processes. In cludes scientists engaged in the development of new substances as well as those involved in testing the safe ty and effectiveness of established products. Work typically requires a bachelor’s degree in the life scien ces or the equivalent in appropriate and substantial col lege level study of the life sciences plus experience. Ex cluded from this classification are medical scientists; e.g., physicians and pharmacists. Biologists are classified into levels as follows: Direction received. Supervisor establishes the nature and extent of analysis required, specifies methods and criteria on new types of assignments, and reviews work for thoroughness of application of methods and accu racy of results. Typical duties and responsibilities. Carries out a wide variety of standardized methods, tests, and procedures. In accordance with specific instructions, may carry out proposed and less common ones. Is expected to detect problems in using standardized procedures because of the condition of the sample, difficulties with the equip ment, etc. Recommends modifications of procedures, e.g., extending or curtailing the analysis or using alter nate procedures, based on knowledge of the problem and pertinent available literature. Conducts specified phases of research projects as an assistant to an expe rienced scientist. Biologist I General characteristics. This is the entry level of pro fessional work requiring a bachelor’s degree in the life sciences and no experience, or the equivalent of a de gree in appropriate education and experience. Performs assignments designed to develop professional capabili ties and to provide experience in the application of training in life sciences as it relates to the company’s programs. May also receive formal classroom or semi nar-type training. (Terminal positions are excluded.) Usually none. Responsibilityfor the direction of others. by a few aids or technicians. 33 May be assisted Biologist ill forming them. Performs complex, exacting, unusual an alytical assignments requring specialized knowledge of products. Interprets results, prepares reports, and may provide technical advice in specialized area. General characteristics. Performs a broad range of tasks, using judgment in the independent evaluation, se lection, and adaptation of standard methods and tech niques. May carry through a complete series of tests on a product in its different process stages. Some assign ments require a specialized knowledge of one or two common categories of related substances. Performance at this level requires developmental experience in a pro fessional position or equivalent graduate level education. Responsibility for the direction of others. May supervise a small staff of scientists and technicians. Biologist V General characteristics. Participates in planning labo ratory programs on the basis of specialized knowledge of problems and methods and probable value of results. May make recommendations and conclusions which serve as the basis for undertaking or rejecting impor tant projects. Development of the knowledge and ex pertise required for this level of work usually reflects progressive experience through biologist IV. Direction received. On routine work, supervision is very general. Assistance is furnished on unusual prob lems and work is reviewed for application of sound professional judgment. Typical duties and responsibilities. In accordance with instructions as to the nature of the problem, selects standard methods, tests, or procedures; when necessary, develops or works out alternate or modified methods with supervisor’s concurrence. Assists in research by analyzing samples or testing new prodeures that require specialized training because (a) standard methods are inapplicable, (b) analytical findings must be interpreted in terms of complicance or noncompliance with stand ards, or (c) specialized and advanced equipment and techniques must be adapted. Direction received. Supervision and guidance relate largely to overall objectives, critical issues, new comcepts, and policy matters. Consults with supervisor con cerning unusual problems and developments. Typical duties and responsibilities. One or both of the following: (1) In a supervisory capacity, plans, orga nizes, and directs assigned laboratory programs. Inde pendently defines scope and critical elements of the projects and selects approaches to be taken. A substan tial portion of the work supervised is comparable to that described for biologist IV. (2) As individual re searcher or worker, carries out projects requiring de velopment of new or highly modified scientific techni ques and procedures, extensive knowledge of specialty, and knowledge of related scientific fields. Responsibility for the direction o f others. May supervise or coordinate the work of a few technicians or aids, and be assisted by lower level scientists. Biologist IV General characteristics. As a fully competent biologist in all conventional aspects of the subject matter or the functional area of the assignments, plans and conducts work requiring (a) mastery of specialized techniques or ingenuity in selecting and evaluating approaches to un foreseen or novel problems, and (b) ability to apply a research approach to the solution of a wide variety of problems. Requires sufficient professional experience to assure competence as a fully trained worker; or, for positions primarily of a research nature, completion of all requirements for a doctoral degree may be substi tuted for experience. Responsibility for the direction of others. Supervises, co ordinates, and reviews the work of a small staff of sci entists and technicians engaged in varied research and development projects, or a larger group performing routine analytical work. Estimates personnel needs and schedules and assigns work to meet completion date. Or, as individual researcher or worker, may be assisted on projects by other scientists or technicians. Biologist VI General characteristics. Performs work requiring lead ership and expert knowledge in a specialized field, prod uct, or process. Formulates and conducts a systematic attack on a problem area of considerable scope and complexity which must be approached through a series of complete and conceptually related studies, or a num ber of projects of lesser scope. The problems are com plex because they are difficult to define and require un conventional or novel approaches or have other diffi cult features. Maintains liaison with individuals and units within and outside the organization, with responsibili Direction received. Independently performs most as signments with instructions as to the general results ex pected. Receives technical guidance on unusual or com plex problems and supervisory approval on proposed plans for projects. Typical duties and responsibilities. Conducts laborato ry assignments requiring the determination and evalu ation of alternative procedures and the sequence of per 34 ty for acting independently on technical matters per taining to the field. Work at this level usually requires extensive progressive experience including work com parable to biologist V. Direction received. Works under close supervision. Receives specific and detailed instructions as to required tasks and results expected. Work is checked during progress and is reviewed for accuracy upon completion. Direction received. Supervision received is essentially administrative, with assignments given in terms of broad objectives and limits. Typical duties and responsibilities. Performs a variety of routine tasks that are planned to provide experience and familiarization with the chemistry staff, methods, practices, and programs of the company. The work in cludes a variety of routine qualitative and quantitative analysis; physical tests to determine properties such as viscosity, tensile strength, and melting point, and assist ing more experienced chemists to gain additional knowl edge through personal observation and discussion. Typical duties and responsibilities. One or both of the following: (1) In a supervisory capacity (a) plans, de velops, coordinates, and directs a number of large and important projects or a project of major scope and im portance, or (b) is responsible for the entire biological research program of a company, when the program is of limited complexity and scope. Activities supervised are of such a scope that they require a few (3 to 5) subordinate supervisors or team leaders with at least one in a position comparable to level V. (2) As indi vidual researcher or worker determines, conceives, plans, and conducts projects of major importance to the company. Applies a high degree of originality and ingenuity in adapting, extending, and synthesizing ex isting theory, principles, and techniques into original combinations and configurations. May serve as a con sultant to other scientists in specialty. Responsibility for the direction of others. Chemist II General characteristics. At this continuing develop mental level, performs routine chemical work requiring selection and application of general and specialized methods, techniques, and instruments commonly used in the laboratory, and the ability to carry out instruc tions when less common or proposed methods or pro cedures are necessary. Requires work experience ac quired in an entry level position or appropriate gradu ate level study. For training and developmental pur poses, assignments may include some work that is typ ical of a higher level. (Terminal positions are excluded.) Responsibility for the direction of others. Plans, orga nizes, and supervises the work of a staff of scientists and technicians. Evaluates progress of the staff and re sults obtained and recommends major changes to achieve overall objectives. Or, as individual worker or researcher, may be assisted on individual projects by other scientists or technicians. Direction received. Supervisor establishes the nature and extent of analysis required, specifies methods and criteria on new types of assignments, and reviews work for thoroughness of application of methods and accu racy of results. Chemist Performs professional work in research, development, quality control, interpretation, and analysis to determine the composition, molecular structure, and properties of substances; to develop or investigate new materials and processes; and to investigate the transformation which substances undergo. Work typically requires a B.S. de gree in chemistry or the equivalent in appropriate and substantial college level study of chemistry plus experience. Chemists are classified into levels as follows: Typical duties and responsibilities. Carries out a wide variety of standardized methods, tests, and procedures. In accordance with specific instructions, may carry out proposed and less common ones. Is expected to detect problems in using standardized procedures because of the condition of the sample, difficulties with the equip ment, etc. Recommends modifications of procedures; e.g., extending or curtailing the analysis or using alter nate procedures, based on knowledge of the problem and pertinent available literature. Conducts specified phases of research projects as an assistant to an expe rienced chemist. Chemist I General characteristics. This is the entry level of pro fessional work requiring a bachelor’s degree in chem istry and no experience, or the equivalent of a degree in appropriate education and experience. Performs as signments designed to develop professional capabilities and to provide experience in the application of training in chemistry as it relates to the company’s programs. May also receive formal classroom or seminar-type training. (Terminal positions are excluded.) Usually none. Responsibilityfor the direction o f others. by a few aids or technicians. May be assisted Chemist III General characteristics. Performs a broad range of chemical tests and procedures utilized in the laborato ry, using judgment in the independent evaluation, se 35 techniques or products. Interprets results, prepares reports, and may provide technical advice in specialized area. lection, and adaptation of standard methods and tech niques. May carry through a complete series of tests on a product in its different process stages. Some assign ments require a specialized knowledge of one or two common catergories of related substances. Performance at this level requires developmental experience in a pro fessional position or equivalent graduate level education. Responsibility for the direction of others. May supervise a small staff of chemists and technicians. Chemist V General characteristics. Participates in planning labo ratory programs on the basis of specialized knowledge of problems and methods and probable value of results. May serve as an expert in a narrow specialty (e.g., class of chemical compounds, or a class of products) making recommendations and conclusions which serve as the basis for undertaking or rejecting important projects. Development of the knowledge and expertise required for this level of work usually reflects progressive expe rience through chemist IV. Direction received. On routine work, supervision is very general. Assistance is furnished on unusual prob lems and work is reviewed for application of sound professional judgment. Typical duties and responsibilities. In accordance with instructions as to the nature of the problem, selects standard methods, tests, or procedures; when necessary, develops or works out alternate or modified methods with supervisor’s concurrence. Assists in research by analyzing samples or testing new procedures that re quire specialized training because (a) standard methods are inapplicable, (b) analytical findings must be inter preted in terms of compliance or noncompliance with standards, or (c) specialized and advanced equipment and techniques must be adapted. Direction received. Supervision and guidance relate largely to overall objectives, critical issues, new con cepts, and policy matters. Consults with supervisor con cerning unusual problems and developments. Typical duties and responsibilities. One or both of the following: (1) In a supervisory capacity, plans, orga nizes, and directs assigned laboratory programs. Inde pendently defines scope and critical elements of the projects and selects approaches to be taken. A substan tial portion of the work supervised is comparable to that described for chemist IV. (2) As individual re searcher or worker, carries out projects requiring de velopment of new or highly modified scientific techni ques and procedures, extensive knowledge of specialty, and knowledge of related scientific fields. Responsibility for the direction o f others. May supervise or coordinate the work of a few technicians or aids, and be assisted by lower level chemists. Chemist IV General characteristics. As a fully competent chemist in all conventional aspects of the subject matter or the functional area of the assignments, plans and conducts work requiring (a) mastery of specialized techniques or ingenuity in selecting and evaluating approaches to un foreseen or novel problems, and (b) ability to apply a research approach to the solution of a wide variety of problems and to assimilate the details and significance of chemical and physical analyses, procedures, and test. Requires sufficient professional experience to assure competence as a fully trained worker; or, for positions primarily of a research nature, completion of all re quirements for a doctoral degree may be substituted for experience. Responsibility for the direction o f others. Supervises, co ordinates, and reviews the work of a small staff of chemists and technicians engaged in varied research and development projects, or a larger group perform ing routine analytical work. Estimates personnel needs and schedules and assigns work to meet completion date. Or, as individual researcher or worker, may be assisted on projects by other chemists or technicians. Chemist VI Direction received. Independently performs most as signments with instructions as to the general results ex pected. Receives technical guidance on unusual or com plex problems and supervisory approval on proposed plans for projects. General characteristics. Performs work requiring lead ership and expert knowledge in a specialized field, prod uct, or process. Formulates and conducts a systematic attack on a problem area of considerable scope and complexity which must be approached through a series of complete and conceptually related studies, or a num ber of projects of lesser scope. The problems are com plex because they are difficult to define and require un conventional or novel approaches or have other diffi cult features. Maintains liaison with individuals and units Typical duties and responsibilities. Conducts laborato ry assignments requiring the determination and evalu ation of alternative procedures and the sequence of per forming them. Performs complex, exacting, unusual an alytical assignments requiring specialized knowledge of 36 within and outside the organization, with responsibili ty for acting independently on technical matters per taining to the field. Work at this level usually requires extensive progressive experience including work com parable to chemist V. gree in appropriate education and experience. Performs assignments designed to develop professional work knowledge and abilities. May also receive formal classroom or seminar-type training. (Terminal positions are excluded.) Direction received. Supervision received is essentially administrative, with assignments given in terms of broad general objectives and limits. Direction received. Works under close supervision. Receives specific and detailed instructions as to required tasks and results expected. Work is checked during progress and is reviewed for accuracy upon completion. Typical duties and responsibilities. One or both of the following: (1) In a supervisory capacity (a) plans, de velops, coordinates, and directs a number of large and important projects or a project of major scope and im portance, or (b) is responsible for the entire chemical program of a company, when the program is of limit ed complexity and scope. Activities supervised are of such a scope that they require a few (3 to 5) subordinate supervisors or team leaders with at least one in a posi tion comparable to level V. (2) As individual research er or worker, determines, conceives, plans, and con ducts projects of major importance to the company. Applies a high degree of originality and ingenuity in adapting, extending, and synthesizing existing theory, principles, and techniques into original combinations and configurations. May serve as a consultant to other chemists in specialty. Typical duties and responsibilities. Performs a variety of routine tasks that are planned to provide experience and familiarization with the engineering staff, methods, practices and programs of the company. Responsibility for the direction o f others. Engineer II General characteristics. At this continuing develop mental level, performs routine engineering work requir ing application of standard techniques, procedures, and criteria in carrying out a sequence of related engineer ing tasks. Limited exercise of judgment is required on details of work and in making preliminary selections and adaptations of engineering alternatives. Requires work experience acquired in an entry level position or appropriate graduate level study. For training and de velopmental purposes, assignments may include some work that is typical of a higher level. (Terminal posi tions are excluded.) Responsibility for the direction of others. Plans, orga nizes, and supervises the work of a staff of chemists and technicians. Evaluates progress of the staff and re sults obtained, and recommends major changes to achieve overall objectives. Or, as individual worker or researcher, may be assisted on individual projects by other chemists or technicians. Direction received. Supervisor screens assignments for unusual or difficult problems and selects techniques and procedures to be applied on nonroutine work. Receives close supervision on new aspects of assignments. Engineer Typical duties and responsibilities. Using prescribed methods, performs specific and limited portions of a broader assignment of an experienced engineer. Applies standard practices and techniques in specific situations, adjusts and correlates data, recognizes discrepancies in results, and follows operations through a series of re lated, detailed steps or processes. Performs professional work in research, development, design, testing, analysis, production, construction, main tenance, operation, planning, survey, estimating, appli cation, or standardization of engineering facilities, sys tems, structures, processes, equipment devices, or ma terials requiring knowledge of the science and art by which materials, natural resources, and power are made useful. Work typically requires a B.S. degree in engi neering or the equivalent in combined education and experience. (Excluded are: Safety engineers, industrial engineers, quality control engineers, sales engineers, and engineers whose primary responsibility is to be in charge of nonprofessional maintenance work.) Engineers are classified into levels as follows: Responsibilityfor the direction of others. by a few aids or technicians. May be assisted Engineer III General characteristics. Independently evaluates, se lects, and applies standard engineering techniques, pro cedures, and criteria, using judgment in making minor adaptations and modifications. Assignments have clear and specified objectives and require the investigation of a limited number of variables. Performance at this level requires developmental experience in a profession al position or equivalent graduate level education. Engineer I General characteristics. This is the entry It 'el of pro fessional work requiring a bachelor’s degree in engi neering and no experience, or the equivalent of a de Usually none. 37 Direction received. Receives instruction on specific as signment objectives, complex features, and possible so lutions. Assistance is furnished on unusual problems and work is reviewed for application of sound professional judgment. Engineer V General characteristics. Applies intensive and diver sified knowledge of engineering principles and practices in broad areas of assignments and related fields. Makes decisions independently on engineering problems and methods, and represents the organization in conferences to resolve important questions and to plan and coordi nate work. Requires the use of advanced techniques and the modification and extension of theories, precepts, and practices of own field and related sciences and dis ciplines. The knowledge and expertise required for this level of work usually result from progressive experi ence, including work comparable to engineer IV. Typical duties and responsibilities. Performs work which involves conventional types of plans, investiga tions, surveys, structures, or equipment with relatively few complex features for which there are precedents. Assignments usually include one or more of the follow ing: Equipment design and development, test of mate rials, preparation of specifications, process study, re search investigations, report preparation, and other ac tivities of limited scope requiring knowledge of princi ples and techniques commonly employed in the specif ic narrow area of assignments. Direction received. Supervision and guidance relate largely to overall objectives, critical issues, new con cepts, and policy matters. Consults with supervisor con cerning unusual problems and developments. Responsibility for the direction o f others. May supervise or coordinate the work of drafters, technicians, and others who assist in specific assignments. Typical duties and responsibilities. One or more of the following: (1) In a supervisory capacity plans, devel ops, coordinates, and directs a large and important en gineering profect or a number of small projects with many complex features. A substantial portion of the work supervised is comparable to that described for engineer IV. (2) As individual researcher or worker carries out complex or novel assignments requiring the development of new or improved techniques and pro cedures. Work is expected to result in the development of new or refined equipment, materials, processes, prod ucts, and/or scientific methods. (3) As staff specialist develops and evaluates plans and criteria for a variety of projects and activities to be carried out by others. Assesses the feasibility and soundness of proposed en gineering evaluation tests, products, or equipment when necessary data are insufficient or confirmation by test ing is advisable. Usually performs as a staff advisor and consultant on a technical specialty, a type of facility or equipment, or a program function. Engineer IV General characteristics. As a fully competent engineer in all conventional aspects of the subject matter or the functional area of the assignments, plans and conducts work requiring judgment in the independent evaluation, selection, and substantial adaptation and modification of standard techniques, procedures, and criteria. Devises new approaches to problems encountered. Requires suf ficient professional experience to assure competence as a fully trained worker; or, for positions primarily of a research nature, completion of all requirements for a doctoral degree may be substituted for experience. Direction received. Independently performs most as signments with instructions as to the general results ex pected. Receives technical guidance on unusual or com plex problems and supervisory approval on proposed plans for projects. Responsibility for the direction o f others. Supervises, co ordinates, and reviews the work of a small staff of en gineers and technicians; estimates personnel needs and schedules and assigns work to meet completion date. Or, as individual researcher or staff specialist may be assisted on projects by other engineers or technicians. Typical duties and responsibilities. Plans, schedules, conducts, or coordinates detailed phases of the engi neering work in a part of a major project of moderate scope. Performs work which involves conventional en gineering practices but may include a variety of com plex features such as conflicting design requirements, unsuitability of standard materials, and difficult coordi nation requirements. Work requires a broad knowledge of precedents in the specialty area and a good knowl edge of principles and practices of related specialties. Engineer VI General characteristics. Has full technical responsibili ty for interpreting, organizing, executing, and coordi nating assignments. Plans and develops engineering pro jects concerned with unique or controversial problems which have an important effect on major company pro grams. This involves exploration of subject area, defi Responsibility for the direction o f others. May supervise a few engineers or technicians on assigned work. 38 nition of scope and selection of problems for investiga tion, and development of novel concepts and ap proaches. Maintains liaison with individuals and unit;* within or outside the organization, with responsibility for acting independently on technical matters pertaining to own field. Work at this level usually requires exten sive progressive experience including work comparable to engineer V. ists performing a variety of laboratory tasks. Among the duti es that may be performed by technicians assist ing biologists are gathering samples, preparing tissues for testing, and assisting in care of laboratoy animals. Duties of *technicians assisting chemists would include performing physical and chemical tests or analytical control work, and keeping records of test observations. Engineerin g technicians are excluded. Workers are clas sified into levels as follows: Direction received. Supervision received is essentially administrative, with assignments given in terms of broad general objectives and limits. Science technician I This is an entry level position requiring little or no experience. Worker receives training in laboratory tech niques, usually from higher level technicians. Performs standard laboratory tests and procedures and assists in more difficult ones. Work is reviewed closely for accuracy. Typical duties and responsibilities. One or more of the following: (1) In a supervisory capacity (a) plans, de velops, coordinates, and directs a number of large and important projects or a project of major scope and im portance; or (b) is responsible for the entire engineer ing program of a company when the program is of lim ited complexity and scope. Extent of responsibilities generally requires a few (3 to 5) subordinate supervi sors or team leaders with at least one in a position com parable to level V. (2) As individual researcher or work er, conceives, plans, and conducts research in problem areas of considerable scope and complexity. The prob lems must be approached through a series of complete and conceptually related studies, are difficult to define, require unconventional or novel approaches, and re quire sophisticated research techniques. Available guides and precedents contain critical gaps, are only partially related to the problem, or may be largely lacking due to the novel character of the project. At this level, the individual researcher generally will have contributed inventions, new designs, or techniques which are of material significance in the solution of im portant problems. (3) As a staff specialist serves as the technical specialist for the organization (division or company) in the application of advanced theories, con cepts, principles, and processes for an assigned area of responsibility (i.e., subject matter, function, type of facility or equipment, or product). Keeps abreast of new scientific methods and developments affecting the or ganization for purpose of recommending changes in emphasis of programs or new programs warranted by such developments. Science technician II At this level, the technician is fully competent and capable o f performing all the duties expected of a tech nician in the laboratory. Receives only general instruc tions and work is reviewed for technical adequacy. Work typically requi res an associate degree, two years of college , or technical school education, or certifica tion by a technical association. Science technician III At this senior level, the technician performs highly complex and nonroutine technical work requiring thorough knowledge of laboratory techniques and pro cedures. In addition, may train lower level technicians in more routine procedures. Some of the duties per formed may overlap with entry level chemists or biol ogists; howe ver, this is the terminal level of the tech nician category. Work typically requires formal post high school education, certi fication by a technical as sociation, and experience as a lower level technician. PR ODUCTION AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS Maintenamce Electrician Responsibility for the direction o f others. Plans, orga nizes, and supervises the work of a staff of engineers and technicians. Evaluates progress of the staff and re sults obtained, and recommends major changes to achieve overall objectives. Or, as individual researcher or staff specialist may be assisted on individual projects by other engineers or technicians. Perform: s a variety of electrical trade functions such as the insti illation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generating, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: ■Installing or repairing any of a variety of elec trical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equip men t; working from blueprints, drawings, layout, or ot her specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble Science technician (Scientific assistant; laborarory assistant) Provides technical support to biologists and/or chem 39 in the electrical system or equipment; working stand ard computations relating to load requirements of wir ing or electrical equipment; using a variety of electri cians’s handtools and measuring and testing i nstruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician re quires rounded training and experience usu/ally acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and sizes of pipe required; making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenace pipefitter requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprentice ship or equivalent training and experience. Workers pri marily engaged in installing and repairing building sani tation and heating systems are excluded. Maintenance worker, general utility Processing Keeps the machines, mechanical equipment and/or structure of an establishment (usually a small plant where specialization in maintenance work is impracti cal) in repair. Duties involve the performance of oper ations and the use of tools and equipment of several trades, rather than specialization in one trade or one type of maintencance work only. However, workers who have the appropriate training and/or experience and perform the level of work of two or more jour neymen maintenance crafts are excluded form the clas sification. Work involves a combination o f tike following: Planning and laying out of work relating to repair of buildings, machines, and mechanical equipment; repair ing buildings, floors, and stairs, as well as making and repairing bins, cribs, and partitions. Ampule,-filling,-sealing; or washing-machine operator Tends a machine or machines that steam wash am pules, fill ampules with drug products, or seal ampules preparatory to filling. Work includes one or more of the following: Starts machine; dumps empty ampules into hopper or places them in table of machine that auto matically positions them for filling; seals ampules in steam washing machine; discards broken ampules after washing. Chemical operator (Pharmaceutical operator; sterile products processor) Operates or tends one or more equipment units or a system performing intermediate or final operations which processes raw materials into chemical substan ces. This category includes worker who may be desig nated (within establishments) according to equipment controlled, material processed, or drug produced. It is intended to include operators of a specific type of equip ment as well as those whose work involves a series of various types of equipment that may be centrally con trolled through panel boards. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Class A-operates one or more types of equipment and whose job involves most o f the following: Extensive knowledge of operating procedures, laboratory test re sults, and correlation of process instrumentation; abili ty to control the processing of all or most of the estab lishment’s products; a high degree of responsibility for a product meeting rigid specifications or an expensive product where cost of weiste or reworking is relatively high; and making decisions which affect yield and safe ty; and/or coordinates the work of several chemical operators working on a process comprising several types of equipment. Class B-performs any of the specific duties of the class A operator but requires guidance in the interpre tation of tests and observ ations, in setting and regulating controls, and in making out reports on operations. Work at this level is designed to develop the employee’s ca pabilities for advancement to the class A level. May direct one or several helpers. Mechanic (machinery) Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most of the following'. Ex amining machines and mechanical equipment to diag nose source of trouble; dismantling or partly disman tling machines and performing repairs that mainly in volve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with i terns obtained from stock; ordering the production of ;a replacement part by a machine shop or sending the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written spec ifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from a machine shop; reassembling ma chines; and making all necessary adjustments for oper ation. In general, the work of a maintena nce mechanic (machinery) requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary d'uties involve setting up or adjusting machines. Pipefitter Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe fittings in an establishment. Work involves most o f the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or o1:her written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacet ylenc torch or pipe-cutting machines; threading pipe 1with stocks and dies; bending pipe by handdriven or power-driver machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening 40 Chemical operator’s helper sta rts machine; adds chemicals to grind ingredients; sp reads mixture on trays; places trays in oven or steam dirier; examines dried product for completeness; may screen granulated material to determine size of granules. T.vlay tend auxiliary equipment such as Ion-exchange or tumbling-barrel to refine granulated product. Performs a variety of simple and standard tasks as signed by a chemical operator. Work involves most oj the following: Assisting in the moving, handling, dum ping, and weighing of materials; loading equipment; taking simple recordings of temperature and pressure under the direction of chemical operators; cleaning work area; removing finished products from equipment; and cleaning or washing equipment. Includes all helpers assigned to chemical operators, re gardless of whether the operator is assigned to a spe cific type of apparatus or is engaged in controlling the operations of a series of equipment. Molder, machine (Capsule molder) Tends a machine that heats and transfers mixtures to conveyor molds to form drug and toilet products. Work includes most of the following: Sets up machine and starts conveyor; controls valves, agitator, and pump to cause product to be heated and poured into mold as it passes through the conveyor; removes damaged or defective molds and adjusts molder scraper to avoid overfilling or underfilling. Coater (Pill coater; tablet coater) Operates one or a battery of machines that ap ply coatings to pharmaceuticals to flavor, color, preserve, add medication, or control disintegration time. Work includes most o f the following: Places pharmaceuticals in pans prior to machine coating; pours enteric solution to control disintegration over pharmaceuticals prior to coating; loads machine with uncoated phar maceuticals and additives; applies dusting powder to prevent sticking; examines product for defects; and measures and weighs product for conformance with s pecifica tions. May compound and mix coating, acco rding to formula. Production packager (Cupping-machine operator; label- or wrapping-ma chine operator; table worker) Performs one or more of the duties listed below. For wage study purposes, production packagers are classi fied as follows: /7a«tff-assembles packages or containers by hand and places products in them. Work involves one or more of the following: Cleans packages; lines crates; assembles cartons or packages from stock; wraps protective ma terial such as plastic around product; regulates convey or; inserts product into container; weighs container and adjusts quantity; visually inspects materials; and keeps simple records. Machine-tends one or more machines that automati cally fill containers or package products. Work involves one or more of the following: Starts machine and observes operation; stops machine to report malfunctions to su pervisor; inspects filled containers; makes minor adjust ments to machine; feeds product to conveyors or hop pers; replenishes packaging supplies; holds container in machine and presses button or pedal to seal package; keeps simple records. Hand and machine-performs both of the functions listed above. Compressor Sets up and operates a machine to compress granulated ingredients into tablets of specifier 1sized and shape. Work includes most o f the following: Installs punches and dies in machine and adjusts springs and hydraudic presses according to specificatior is; loads in gredients into hopper; examines tablets fo r imperfec tions; tests samples for conformance with pi ;oduct spec ifications or routes samples to laboratory for this pur pose; and readjusts machine to insure con formity with specifications. Encapsuling-machine operator Operates a machine to fill hard shell capsules with drugs in powdered form. Work includes most of the fol lowing: Loads hopper with ingredients an id sets turntable at appropriate speed; places ring on ma< chine and oper ates vacuum apparatus to separate capsule tops from bodies; pushes ring down to close capsules after they are filled with powder; and places filled capsules in containers. May weigh capsules to assure machine is operating properly. Miscellaneous Janitor, porter, or cleaner Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweep ing, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; remov ing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trim mings; providing supplies and minor maintenance serv ices; cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Work ers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Granulating-machine operator (Granulator; wet-mix operator) Operators machine to granulate powdered ingredi ents preparatory to compressing int o medicinal tablets. Work includes most o f the following: Observes machine as it automatically weighs and measure ingredients; 41 Shippers typically are responsible for most of the fol lowing: Verifying that orders are accurately filled by comparing items and quantities of goods gathered for shipment against documents; insuring that shipments are properly packaged, identified with shipping informa tion, and loaded onto transporting vehicles; and pre paring and keeping records of goods shipped, e.g., manifests and bills of lading. Receivers typically are responsible for most of the fol lowing: Verifying the correctness of incoming ship ments by comparing items and quantities unloaded against bills of lading, invoices, mainifests, storage rece.ipts, or other records; checking for damaged goods; ens uring that goods are appropriately identified for rou ting to departments within the establishment; and prep aring and keeping records of goods received. F o r wage study purposes, workers are classified as follow's: Power-truck operator Operates a manually controlled gasoline-or electricpowered truck or tractor to transport goods and mate rials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of power-truck as follows: Forklift operator Power-truck operator (other than forklift) Shipper and Receiver Performs clerical and physical tasks in connection with shipping goods of the establishment in which employed and receiving incoming shipments. In performing dayto-day, routine tasks, follows established guidelines. In handling unusual, nonroutine problems, receives specif ic guidance from supervisor or other officials. May di rect and coordinate the activities of other workers en gaged in handling goods to be shipped or received. Shipper Receiver Shipper and receiver 42 Industry Wage Studies Pressed or Blown Glass and Glassware, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1923 Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Mills, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2008 Semiconductors, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2021 Shipbuilding and Repairing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1968 Southern Sawmills and Planing Mills, 1969. BLS Bulletin 1694* Structural Clay Products, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1942 Synthetic Fibers, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1975 Textile Dyeing and Finishing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1967 Textiles, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1945 Wages and Demographic Characteristics in Work Clothing Manufacturing,. 1972. BLS Bulletin 1858 West Coast Sawmilling, 1969. BLS Bulletin 17041 Women’s and Misses’ Coats and Suits, 1970. BLS Bulletin 17281 Women’s and Misses’ Dresses, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2007 Wood Household Furniture, Except Upholstered, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1930 The most recent reports providing occupational wage data for industries included in the Bureau’s program of industry wage surveys are listed below. Copies are for sale from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or from any of its regional sales offices, and from the regional offices of the Bureau of Labor Statistics shown on the inside back cover. Bulletins that are out of stock are available for reference at leading public, college, or university libraries, or at the Bureau’s Washington or regional offices. Manufacturing Basic Iron and Steel, 1978-79. BLS Bulletin 2064 Candy and Other Confectionery Products, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1939 Cigar Manufacturing, 1972. BLS Bulletin 1796 Cigarette Manufacturing, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1944 Corrugated and Solid Fiber Boxes, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1921 Drug Manufacturing, September 1978. BLS Bulletin 2077 Fabricated Structural Steel, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1935 Fertilizer Manufacturing, 1971. BLS Bulletin 1763 Flour and Other Grain Mill Products, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2026 Fluid Milk Industry, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1871 Footwear, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1946 Hosiery, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1987 Industrial Chemicals, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1978 Iron and Steel Foundries, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1894 Leather Tanning and Finishing, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1835 Machinery Manufacturing, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2022 Meat Products, 1979. BLS Bulletin 2082 Men’s Shirts and Separate Trousers, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2035 Men’s and Boys’ Suits and Coats, April 1979. BLS Bulletin 2073 Miscellaneous Plastics Products, 1974. BLS Bulletin 1914 Motor Vehicles and Parts, 1973-74, BLS Bulletin 1912 Nonferrous Foundries, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1952 Paints and Varnishes, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1973 Paperboard Containers and Boxes, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1719' Petroleum Refining, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1948 Nonmanufacturing Appliance Repair Shops, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2067 Auto Dealer Repair Shops, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2060 Banking and Life Insurance, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1988 Bituminous Coal Mining, 1976. BLS Bulletin 1999 Communications, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2071 Computer and Data Processing Services, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2028 Contract Cleaning Services, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2009 Contract Construction, 1973. BLS Bulletin 1911 Department Stores, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2006 Educational Institutions: Nonteaching* Employees, 1968-69. BLS Bulletin 19711 Electric and Gas Utilities, 1979. BLS Bulletin 2040 Hospitals and Nursing Homes, 1975. BLS Bulletin 2069 Hotels and Motels, 1978. BLS Bulletin 2055 Laundry and Cleaning Services, 1968. BLS Bulletin 1645' Metal Mining, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2017 Motion Picture Theatres, 1966. BLS Bulletin 1521' Oil and Gas Extraction, 1977. BLS Bulletin 2014 Scheduled Airlines, 1975. BLS Bulletin 1951 Wages and Tips in Restaurants and Hotels, 1970. BLS Bulletin 1712' 'Bulletin out of stock 43 Jj-U .s . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1980 - 3 4 1 -2 7 0 /4 0 5 0 24 Hour CPI Mailgram Service Consumer Price Index data now are available by mailgram within 24 hours of the CPI release. The new service is being offered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics through the National Technical Information Service of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The CPI MAILGRAM service provides unadjusted and seasonally adjusted U.S. City Average data both CONSUMER P R I C E I N D E X FOR ALL AVERAGE ( .1967 1 I OC) for the All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) and for the Ur ban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) In dexes as shown on the CPI-U sample page below. The unadjusted data include the current month’s index and the percent changes from 12 months ago and one month ago. The seasonally adjusted data are the percent changes from one month ago. URBAN CONSUMERS UNADJ I NDEX MAY 197 9 GROUP (C P I-U ): U.S. CITY UNADJUSTED S ADJ PER CHG PER CHG PER CHG FROM 1 FROM 12 FROM 1 MO AGO MO AGO M0 AGO 2 14 . 1 249.0 10.8 - 1.2 - 1. 1 - FOOD AND BEVERAGES FOOD FOOD AT HOME CEREALS AND BAKERY PRODUCTS MEATS. POULTRY. F I S H . AND EGGS D A I R Y PRODUCTS F R U I T S AND VEGETABLES FOOD AUAY FROM HOME 228.2 2 34.3 2 33.4 216.2 242.2 203.8 226.8 241.1 11.2 11.4 11.3 9.5 19.4 11.1 3.4 11.7 .8 .9 .7 .8 .9 .7 . 1 1. 1 .7 .7 .5 1.0 . 1 .8 -.2 1. 1 HOUSI NG RENT , R E S I D E N T I A L HOMEOWNERSHI P FUEL AND OTHER U T I L I T I E S FUEL O I L . COAL. AND BOTTLED GAS GAS ( P I P E D ) AND E L E C T R I C I T Y HOUSEHOLD F U R N I S H I N G S AND OPERATI ON 222.4 173.8 254.9 232.2 364.3 251.6 189.2 11.3 6.8 14.6 7.7 23.2 8.2 7.5 1.2 1 .0 1.3 2. 1 4 . 1 2.6 .3 1.2 1. 0 1.3 2.2 4.8 2.6 .4 ALL ALL I T EMS ITEMSC1 9 5 7 - 5 9 = 1 0 0 ) APPAREL 166 . 1 AND UPKEEP 3.9 .4 2.4 .9 2.7 5.5 .4 .0 TRANSPORTATI ON NEU CARS USED CARS GASOLI NE P U B L I C TRANSPORTATI ON 207.7 165.8 205.4 247.7 193.3 13.4 8.7 11.3 29. 1 3. 1 MEDI CAL MEDI CAL 236.3 254.4 8.9 9.4 .5 5 .6 .6 CARE CARE SE R V I C E S 1.8 1. 1 -.5 5.0 .7 00 OO 6.6 .7 .5 OTHER GOODS AND S ERVI CES PERSONAL CARE \ / 193.9 193.9 7.5 7.5 .4 .6 .5 .6 COMMODI T I ES COMMODI T I ES LESS NCND'JRABL ES LESS DURABLES 205.8 192.9 195.7 189.2 10.9 10.9 12.0 10.0 1.2 1.5 2.0 1. l .9 1. 0 1. 9 .5 229.5 203.9 260.8 204 . 1 10.3 10.5 19.8 9.5 1. 1 1. 3 4.2 .9 1. 3 1.2 4.2 .9 ENTERTAI NMENT SER V I C E S ALL I T EMS ENERGY U ALL I T EMS 1/ FOOD AND EcVEPAGES FOOD AND LEVERAGES LESS FOOD LESS FOOD AND FNERGY NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED ORDER FROM: National Technical information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 PLease en ter______subscription(s) to CONSUMER PRICE INDEX MAILGRAM (NTISUB/158). Subscription Yates: $95.00 in contiguous U.S. and Hawaii, $110.00 in Alaska and Canada. NAM E:___________ STREET ADDRESS:CITY, STATE, ZIP. _ ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ENCLOSED CHARGE CHARGE BILL ME $ $ 1 $ _ Purchase Order Number__________ __to my American Express Account § __to my NTIS Deposit Account § __ -SIGNATURE REQUIRED ______ Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: (617) 223-6761 Region IV 1371 Peachtree Street, N.E. Atlanta, Ga. 30367 Phone: (404) 881-4418 Regions VII and VIII 911 Walnut Street Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: (816) 374-2481 Region II Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10036 Phone: (212) 944-3121 Region V 9th Floor Federal Office Building 230 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, III. 60604 Phone: (312) 353-1880 Regions IX and X 450 Golden Gate Avenue Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone: (415) 556-4678 Region III 3535 Market Street P.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: (215) 596-1154 Region VI Second Floor 555 Griffin Square Building Dallas, Tex. 75202 Phone: (214) 767-6971
@FedFRASER