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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Frances Perkins, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Isador Lubin, Commissioner (on leave) A . F. Hinrichs, Acting Commissioner Industrial Injuries, in the U nited States D uring 1942 B ulletin 7S[o. 758 [Reprinted from the M onthly Labor R eview November 1943, w ith additional data] UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON • 1943 For sale by the Superintendent o f Documents, U . S. Governm ent Printing Office Washington, D . C* - Price 10 cents Letter of Transmittal U n it e d S t a t e s D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r , B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t is t ic s , Washington, D. C., November 15, 1943. The S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r I have the honor to transmit herewith a report on industrial injuries in the United States during 1942. This information is based on reports from over 50,000 establishments. This bulletin, a portion of which appeared in the November 1943 Monthly Labor Review, was prepared in the Bureau’s Industrial Hazards Division by Max D. Kossoris and Frank S. McElroy. A. F. H in r ic h s , Acting Commissioner. Hon. F r a n c e s P e r k in s , Secretary o f Labor. Contents Page Summary______________________________________________________________ Estimates for individual manufacturing industries______________________ Estimates of disabling work injuries during 1942________________________ Survey data-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Manufacturing industries___________________________________________ Nonmanufacturing industries__________ Changes in exposure, injuries, and injury rates_________________________ Disability estimates for manufacturing industries_____________________ Disability distribution__________________________________________________ Parts of body permanently impaired______________________________ Trend of disabling injuries in manufacturing industries_________________ n 1 2 4 5 5 5 11 15 16 21 24 B ulletin J^o. 758 o f the U n ited States Bureau o f Labor Statistics [Reprinted from the M onthly L abor R eview , November 1943, with additional data] Industrial Injuries in the United States During 1942 Summary C O N T I N U I N G the trend noted for 1941 in manufacturing industries* the number of disabling work injuries during 1942 increased much more markedly than did either employment or total employee-hours worked. In nearly 21,000 identical manufacturing establishments, employment increased b y 16 percent, employee-hours b y 22 percent, and injuries b y 34 percent. Am ong individual industries, it was not unusual for the increase in injuries to be about twice the increase in employment. T he frequency rate, reflecting the average number of disabilities per million employee-hours, increased b y 9 percent. The reasons assigned for the upward trend of work injuries during 1941— inexperienced workers, rapidly expanding employment, overcrowded plant facilities, and failure of safety activities to keep fully abreast of these changes— hold for 1942 as well. Tw o further reasons m a y be noted— the general lengthening of working hours; and the heavy replacement of experienced workers, drawn into the armed forces, b y less-experienced or inexperienced help. Large as was the time loss resulting from work injuries during 1941, that for 1942 was even greater. Taking into account only the time lost during the year, and without any regard for the economic losses caused b y deaths and permanent impairments, workers in United States industries lost a total of 53 million days— enough to have pro vided full-time employment for 177,000 workers for the entire year. I f to these actual time losses are added the economic time charges for fatal and crippling injuries, the time loss reaches the staggering total of 263 million days. According to the estimates of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, work injuries during 1942 resulted in 18,100 fatalities, 1,800 permanent total disabilities which completely disabled workers from any further industrial activity, 100,800 permanent partial impairments, and 2,147,000 temporary total disabilities. The weighted accident-frequency rate of the entire group of manu facturing industries was 19.9. In 1941 it was 18.1. A total of 27,328 establishments reported more than 15.6 billion employee-hours, worked by about 7,111,000 employees. O f the nearly 305,000 dis abling injuries, about 0.4 percent were fatalities, about 0.04 percent permanent total disabilities, 4.2 percent permanent partial impair ments, and about 95.3 percent temporary total disabilities. In com parison with 1941, the increase in injuries was primarily in temporary total disabilities. T he relative percentages of fatalities and per manent impairments were lower in 1942 than in 1941. 1 2 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN T H E UNITED STATES As was true in earlier years, the logging industry had the highest number of disabling injuries per million employee-hours worked, 89.6. Even so, this frequency rate is lower than that of 96.3 for 1941. Sawmills, however, had a higher rate— 61.7— in 1942 than in the previous year— 54.5. Other manufacturing industries with high frequency rates are wooden containers, 50.2; foundries, 4 9 .7 ; slaughter ing and meat packing, 44.8 (an increase of 45 percent over the 1941 rate of 3 0 .9 ); forgings, 38.0 (a considerable reduction from the 1941 rate of 4 4 .5 ); shipbuilding, 33.1 (25 percent above the previous year’s rate of 2 6 .4 ); canning and preserving, 33.0 (about 10 percent above the 1941 rate); and motor-vehicle parts, 31.9 (50 percent higher than the 1941 rate of 21.2). T h e ordnance group experienced relatively low frequency rates. For the group as a whole the weighted rate was 14.8. The large-arms ammunitions industry had the highest rate in the group, 17.2. T he rate in the production of tanks was 9.3 (against 18.3 in 1941) and tank parts, 7.7. In comparison, the rate for motor vehicles was 11.3, for motor-vehicle parts, 31.9, and for the aircraft industry, 11.4 injuries per million hours. Estimates fo r Individual Manufacturing Industries T he survey data in a considerable number of manufacturing indus tries were sufficiently comprehensive to permit estimates of the number of disabling injuries for the individual industries. On chart 1 are shown the estimates of injuries and total time losses for the 9 major industrial groups, each of which had more than 20,000 disabling injuries during the year. A s in 1941, the iron and steel group lead all manufacturing groups in the total of work injuries. The estimate is 93,900 disabilities, ac counting for 7,450,000 days lost. Although the time loss of 1941 was exceeded in this group b y only 5.7 percent, the number of injuries was exceeded b y about 26 percent. Alm ost on a level with this number of injuries, but far exceeding the time loss, was the lumber group, for which the total estimates are 93,600 injuries and 8,935,000 days lost. Ranking third in 1942, as against sixth in 1941, the transportation industry had 89,200 injuries and 6,304,000 days lost. In this group, the shipbuilding industry alone is estimated to have had 59,200 injuries and about 4,250,000 days of lost time. Fourth w&s the food products group, with 75,300 injuries and a time loss of over 4,750,000 days. N ext followed the textile group, with 58,900 injuries and nearly 3,000,000 days lost; the machinery group with 53,200 injuries and 3,461,000 days lost; the ordnance group with 47,500 injuries and 4,134,000 days lost; chemical products, with 27,000 injuries and nearly 3,500,000 days lost; and, finally, the stone, clay, and glass products group with 23,500 injuries and about 2,000,000 days lost. Individual industries with time losses in excess of 1,000,000 days each were iron and steel (2,634,000), iron and steel foundries (1,808,000), general machinery (1,573,000), pulp (1,011,000), cotton goods (1.15 6 .0 00 ) , shipbuilding (4,252,000), and aircraft and aircraft parts (1.29 0 .0 00 ) . The foregoing by no means includes all the industries having a time loss of over 1,000,000 days. In a number of other INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN T H E UNITED STATES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES EXPERIENCING MORE THAN 20,000 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN 1942 co 4 INDUSTRIAL IN JU RIES IN T H E UNITED STATES industries the reporting group was not deemed large enough to permit an estimate with a fair degree of accuracy. Estimates of Disabling Work Injuries During 1942 Estim ates of disabling injuries b y major industrial groups are given in table 1. A s the basic data from which these estimates are made vary widely in adequacy, footnotes have been supplied to permit an evaluation of the reliability of each of the estimates. T h e estimate of 2,267,700 disabling work injuries in 1942 represents an increase of 4 percent over the estimate of 2,180,200 in 1941. M o st of this increase occurred in temporary disabilities. The estimate for fatalities and permanent total disabilities of 19,200 for 1941 is ex ceeded b y the 1942 estimate of 19,900. The 1942 data, however, show these two types of disabilities separately, with a total of 18,100 fatalities and 1,800 permanent total disabilities. T a b le 1.— Estim ated N um ber o f Disabling Injuries D uring 1942 , b y Indu stry Groups Number of disabling injuries All disabilities Fatalities Industry group Total Permanent total dis abilities Permanent partial dis abilities To To T o em em em ployees Total ploy Total ploy Total ees ees To em ploy ees Temporary total disabilities Total To em ployees A ll industry groups_____ 2,267,700 1,834,600 18,100 13,400 1,800 1,400 100,800 80,800 2,147,000 1,739,000 Agriculture i.............. ...... Mining and quarrying a_. Construction 8__.............. Manufacturing *............... Public utilities_________ T rade8________________ Railroads8_____________ Miscellaneous transpor tation *_______________ Services, government, and miscellaneous in dustries 8_____________ 283,700 102,700 349,500 635,200 21,000 284,200 60,800 68,600 97,900 281,000 623,800 21,000 225,800 60,800 1,100 1,900 2,700 2,500 500 1,000 1,100 400 200 300 300 (5) 100 200 136,900 116,200 1,200 1,000 100 100 393,700 339,500 1,800 1,600 200 4,500 2,000 3,300 2,500 500 1,200 1,100 100 14,200 3,400 200 4,500 4,300 200 17,100 13,700 300 27,000 26,500 500 500 (#) 100 7,000 5,600 200 4,200 4,200 264,600 96,000 328,800 605,400 20,000 275,900 55,300 64,000 91,500 264,400 594,500 20,000 219,100 55,300 3,200 131,800 111,900 200 22,500 19,400 369,200 318,300 3,800 i Based on fragmentary data. * Based largely on Bureau of Mines data. * Based on small sample studies. 4 Based on comprehensive survey. * Less than 50. 8 Based on Interstate Commerce Commission data. Permanent partial disabilities are estimated to have remained at alm ost the 1941 level, the 1942 figure being 100,800, compared to 100,600 in 1941. Temporary totals, however, rose from 2,060,400 to 2,14 7 ,0 0 0 . T he m ost significant change in the ranking of the various industries is that the total of disabling injuries in manufacturing exceeded by a large margin that of any other industry group. In 1941, manufacturing, with a total of 452,700 injuries, was outranked by construction, with 495,500 injuries; but the estimate for manu facturing for 1942 is 635,200 injuries, an increase of about 40 percent over 1941. There is no doubt that this is the result of our war effort which depends heavily on manufacturing establishments. N o t only INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN T H E UNITED STATES 5 was there a sharp increase in manufacturing employment during 1942, but in addition m any experienced workers— drawn into the armed forces— were replaced by less-experienced and very often entirely inexperienced workers. Survey Data Following the precedent established with the presentation of the 1941 data, the 1942 injury rates are based on the total reporting group. A total of 49,900 establishments reported almost 340,000 injuries for nearly 8X million employees. M A N U FA C TU RIN G IN D U ST R IE S The weighted injury frequency rate for the entire manufacturing group was 19.9. The highest group rate was that of 42.4 for the lumber and lumber products group. Included in this group are three industries with very high frequency rates: Logging, 8 9 .6 ; sawmills, 6 1 .7 ; and wooden containers, 50.2. Am ong other industries with high rates are foundries, 4 9 .7 ; slaughtering and meat packing, 4 4 .8 ; forgings, 3 8 .0 ; canning, 3 3 .0 ; shipbuilding, 3 3 .1 ; and motor vehicle parts, 31.9. N ON M A N U FA C TU RIN G IN D U ST RIE S In sharp contrast with the rates for former years, there was little difference between the frequency rates of the three branches of the construction industry: Building, 36 .2 ; heavy engineering, 3 7 .4 ; and highway, 38.6. The reason for this obviously is that there was rela tively little activity in the last two groups. Apparently the work done was of a less hazardous character than is usually the case. A s usual, the frequency rate for the communication group was low, 2.9. In the transportation group, warehousing and storage was the m ost hazardous, as indicated by the rate of 38.2. Trucking and haul ing was a close second with a rate of 34.8. Streetcar and bus opera tions averaged 19.8 and 15.3 disabling injuries, respectively, per mil lion employee-hours worked. In the group of personal services, employees of hotels, restaurants, and similar establishments averaged the largest number of disabling injuries. The rate of 12.9 exceeds that of 10.1 for laundry and dry cleaning. W ithin the group of business-service industries, real-estate estab lishments proved to be as hazardous to employees as were laundries in the personal-services group. O f similar interest is the fact that employees of various types of educational establishments had a rate of 8.0— which was considerably in excess of that of 6.7 in general retail stores. W ithin the trade group, establishments wholesaling and retailing dairy products had the high rate of 24.0. The retail automobile industry experienced a rate of 15.3; and general wholesale distribu tors, a rate of 17.2. In comparison, the rate in the manufacture of iron and steel was only 10.4. T able o> 2 . — In ju ry Rates and Injuries b y Extent o f D isability, 1942 [All reporting establishments] Injury rates2 Number of disabling injuries Death and Tempo permanent Permanent rary total partial total disability disability disability1 49,900 8,473, 294 18,455,357 339,715 (138) 1,629 13,964 324,124 27,370,089 Manufacturing Total, manufacturing—................................................................ 27,328 7,110,807 15,606,073 304,778 (128) 1,330 12,949 290,499 23,875,412 3 19.9 3 1.5 Chemical products_______________________________________ Drugs, toiletries, and insecticides_____________________ Explosives________________ __________________________ Fertilizers____________________________________________ Paints and varnishes_____ __________________________ Petroleum refining ______ _________________________ Rayon and allied products____________________________ Soap and glycerin_______________ ____ ________________ Industrial chemicals___________________ ____ __________ Not elsewhere classified_____________ _________ _________ 1,957 287 75 343 396 217 26 86 290 237 466,240 43, 334 86, 533 18,284 28, 682 98, 542 47, 677 18, 278 78,037 46, 873 973,533 88,241 196,712 36,282 59,745 201,135 95, 561 36,842 167, 539 91,476 12,450 1,361 1,260 1,161 1,042 2,147 806 380 2,811 1,482 124 9 40 •5 2 24 1 1 27 15 592 46 86 34 46 101 41 32 133 73 11,734 1,306 1,134 1,122 994 2,022 764 347 2,651 1,394 1,608,983 102,878 323, 790 93,862 84,549 323,062 69,475 44,979 377,187 189,201 3 13.9 15.4 6.4 32.0 17.4 10.7 8.4 10.3 16.8 16.2 31.8 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.4 1.6 .7 1.2 2.3 2.1 Food products.---------- ----------------------------------------------- -----Baking__________________________ ____________________ Canning and p re s e rv in g ._________________________ _ Confectionery. _ _____________________________________ Flour, feed, and other grain-mill products______________ Slaughtering and meat packing________________________ Sugar refining_______________ ________ _______ ______ Beverages __________________ _______ _________________ Dairy products______________________ _____ ___________ Breweries_________ _____ __________________ ___________ Not elsewhere classified........................................................ 3,327 740 413 254 540 199 114 382 145 265 275 385,494 58,060 61,974 39,867 35,878 86,127 26,542 15. 728 4,135 36,470 20,713 782, 556 119,057 101,596 80,854 80,599 182,788 54,709 31,063 9,729 77,443 44,718 23,329 1,923 3,353 1,226 2,009 8,183 1,720 613 198 2,958 1,146 76 11 9 2 5 9 15 2 18 5 863 78 61 50 53 272 53 14 3 261 18 22,390 1,834 3,283 1,174 1,951 7,902 1,652 597 195 2,679 1,123 1,655,723 171,148 159,217 58,619 114,221 396,454 193, 597 31,614 4,250 461,932 64,671 « 27. 3 16.2 33.0 15.2 24.9 44.8 31.4 19.7 20.4 38.2 25.6 3 1.7 1.4 1.6 .7 1.4 2.2 3.5 1.0 .4 6.0 1.4 Iron and steel and their products__________________________ Iron and steel ______________________________________ Cutlery and edge tools-------- --------- -------------------- --------Enameling and galvanizing.._____ ________ ______ ______ Fabricated structural steel.................................................... 3,309 301 100 60 295 1,106,205 574,003 11,225 6,711 32,049 2,395,117 1,200,894 25,659 14,335 71,686 54,110 12,504 629 395 2,920 356 215 4 1 9 2,610 1,007 25 18 125 51,144 11,282 600 376 2,786 4,958,002 2,394,407 52,163 23,990 192,749 3 24.7 10.4 24.5 27.6 40.7 3 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.7 2.7 All industries____ __ _ ____ _ _ (6) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (4) (2) (1) (1) (31) (6) (1) (2) Total time lost (days) Fre quency Severity T H E UNITED STATES Total INDUSTRIAL IN JU RIES IN Resulting in— Number Number Employeehours of of estab worked lishments employees (thousands) Industry .989199 Forgings........ .......................T________ Foundries_______________ _____ _____ Hardware__________________________ Ornamental metalwork_____________ Plumbers’ supplies_________________ Stamped and pressed metal products.. Steam fittings and apparatus________ Stoves and furnaces, not electric_____ Tin cans and other tinware__________ Tools, except edge tools_____________ Wire and wire products_____ ____ ___ Not elsewhere classified........................ 119 898 156 76 86 244 221 185 88 131 123 226 34,253 167,696 28,245 4,969 30,702 36,815 38,256 26,639 21, 559 24,089 24,802 44,192 81,563 365,848 64, 572 646 160 388 98 159,841 34,804 116, 752 8, 285 322,615 73,405 231,790 17,420 Lumber, lumber products, and furniture... Logging---------------- --------------------------Planing mills.____ ___________________ Sawmills___________ _____ __________ Furniture, except metal______________ Furniture, metal------------------------------Partitions, shelving, and store fixtures.. Morticians’ supplies_________________ Wooden containers............. ................. . Not elsewhere classified______ _______ 3,626 217 871 770 965 79 109 42 314 259 308, 544 17,424 57,975 61,422 96,665 13, 576 7,466 2,775 31,718 19, 523 657,945 35, 572 125,207 126, 531 208,493 29,158 15,624 5,738 67,668 43,954 Machinery (not transportation)........................ ............... Agricultural machinery and tractors.......................... . Construction and mining machinery........... .............. . Electrical equipment and supplies..... ........... ............ . Food-products machinery_________________ _______ _ Metalworking machinery________________ _________ Textile machinery________________________________ Special industry machinery, not elsewhere classified.. General industrial machinery_____________________ Machinery, not elsewhere classified________________ Repair shops___________________ ______ _______ ____ 2,818 155 239 321 96 438 120 287 827 88 247 1,019,793 61,390 56,785 358,701 7,866 152,772 16,564 39,133 293,460 28,446 4,676 2,467,196 139,351 136,961 842,216 17,872 319,696 39, 351 95,295 726,322 67,280 10,852 Paper and allied products______ Pulp----------------------- ---------Paper_____________________ Paper and pulp (integrated).. Folding boxes______________ Set-up boxes_______________ Corrugated boxes___________ Fiber boxes________ _______ Not elsewhere classified_____ 1,333 34 287 82 121 346 106 21 336 235,660 10,213 76,921 53,309 10,990 21,836 13,250 1,930 47,211 510,250 22,336 169,264 117,782 23,584 45,359 27,640 4,287 99,998 Leather and its products___ Leather____ ___________ Boots and shoes________ Not elsewhere classified.. See footnotes at end of table. 11, 212 66,044 82,310 88,107 57,043 44,716 57,372 54,723 109,033 (13) (1) (2) (7) 3 3 2 137 457 98 20 62 156 104 63 69 90 46 133 2,952 17,637 1,469 318 1,256 1,535 3,387 1,848 839 1,304 1,134 2,421 174,842 1,057,147 106,749 20,848 108,607 147,309 181,230 132,161 58,280 114,120 59,909 133,491 38.0 49.7 24.3 30.2 20.1 20.6 39.7 33.7 20.3 • 24.3 21.6 23.4 2.1 2.9 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.3 1.3 2.0 1.1 1.2 7 75 3 1 9 4 10 10 4,630 2,220 2,095 315 (1) (1) 14 10 3 1 139 52 73 14 4,477 2,158 2,019 300 278,054 161,048 97,841 19,165 * 14.1 30.2 9.0 18.1 3.8 2.2 .4 1.1 26,427 3,188 4,703 7,803 4,934 671 284 99 3, 395 1,350 (6) (2) 115 42 10 34 9 1 1 1,399 58 248 316 440 40 22 1 185 89 24,913 3,088 4,445 7,453 4,485 630 261 98 3,198 1,255 2,416,082 400,595 352,868 699,645 465,493 43,223 27,893 1,870 291,897 132,598 *42.4 89,6 37.6 61.7 23.7 23.0 18.2 17.2 50.2 30.7 3 4.0 11.3 2.8 5.5 2.2 1.5 1.8 .3 4.3 3.0 2,003 257 102 443 29 351 34 100 638 42 7 38,076 2,293 3,779 5,728 298 8,188 687 2,299 13,653 899 252 2,564,571 272,065 231, 339 512,292 35,315 426,765 34,895 129,072 862,833 42,780 17,215 8 18.8 818.3 28.4 7.3 18,3 21.8 18.3 25.2 19.7 14.0 24.1 3 1.2 2.0 1.7 .6 2.0 1.1 .9 1.4 1.2 .6 1.6 491 18 179 120 20 27 20 5 102 11,811 632 4,295 2,855 468 576 829 232 1,924 1,001,167 89,218 344,618 320,328 43,692 27,425 28,527 7,658 139,701 8 23.6 29.5 26.5 25.4 20.8 13.3 30.7 55.3 20.3 3 1.8 4.0 2.0 2.7 1.9 .6 1.0 1.8 1.4 40,159 2,557 3,895 6,185 327 8,552 721 2,404 i4,316 941 261 12,353 660 4,486 2,997 491 603 849 237 2,030 (4) 12 6 (9) (3) (3) 80 7 14 14 (2) 13 (1) 5 25 (6) (i) (3) (1) 51 10 12 22 3 (1) 4 2 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN T H E UNITED STATES 3,096 18,169 1,570 339 1,327 1,695 3,501 1,921 908 1,397 1,183 2,556 <1 T able 00 2 . — In ju ry Rates and Injuries by Extent o f D isability, 1942— Continued [All reporting establishments] Number of disabling injuries Number Number Employeehours of estab of worked lishments employees (thousands) Resulting in— Total Death and Tempo permanent Permanent rary total partial total disability disability disability1 Total time lost (days) Fre quency Severity Manufacturing—Continued Printing and publishing________ ______________ ________ Book and job______ ________________________________ News and periodical__________________________________ Bookbinding_________________________________________ 2,637 1,746 862 39 156,960 79,527 76,293 1,140 315,469 163,367 149,783 2,318 3,000 1,713 1,267 20 (3) (2) (1) 7 3 4 129 74 53 2 2,864 1,636 1,210 18 229,995 127,899 99,277 2,819 *9.4 10.5 8.5 8.6 *0.8 .8 .7 1.2 Rubber and its products__________________________________ Rubber tires________ __ ____________________________ Rubber boots and shoes___________________ ______ ____ Not elsewhere classified_____________ _______________ 196 38 20 138 104,172 52, 218 18, 257 33,697 221,001 109,996 39,423 71,582 2,871 1,312 338 1,221 (2) (2) 8 6 2 129 55 17 57 2,734 1,251 321 1,162 236,214 130,950 24, 769 80,495 *13.3 11.9 8.6 17.1 *1.1 1*2 .6 1.1 Stone, clay, and glass products______ . . _______ _______ Brick, tile, and terra cotta___ _________________________ Cement.____ ___________ ____________________________ Glass_______________________________________________ _ Pottery. ____________________________________________ Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products__________ ____ Cut stone and cut-stone products. . . ___ _______________ Not elsewhere classified------------------ 1 ______ .............. ...... 1,389 486 142 192 93 226 137 113 205, 534 43,683 27,573 74,289 24,676 10,087 4,024 21,202 414,595 84,330 55,270 149,076 48,689 22,251 8,142 46,838 10,588 3,969 404 3,060 755 1,077 272 1,051 (29) (9) 77 25 14 4 12 6 10 6 260 67 33 85 9 24 4 38 10,251 3,877 357 2,971 734 1,047 258 1,007 870,605 268,219 130,127 138,650 91,269 82,293 69,297 90, 750 *26.4 47.1 7.3 20.5 15.5 48.4 33.4 22.4 *2.3 3.2 2.4 .9 1.9 3.7 8.5 1.9 Textiles and textile-mill products__________________________ Carpets and rugs__ __________________________________ Clothing, men’s______________________________________ Clothing, women’s___ _ _ ___________________________ Cotton goods_________________________________________ Dyeing and finishing_____________________________ ____ Knit goods___________________________________________ Silk and rayon products, not elsewhere classified — ....... Woolen goods__________________________ ____ _________ Not elsewhere classified._________ _____________________ 3,475 74 584 531 496 192 638 192 352 416 870,612 28,529 99,813 50,918 304,304 33,124 122,600 48,997 121,083 61,244 1,771,790 55,053 186,934 97,038 644,037 72,097 239,163 102,014 249,444 126,011 24,497 778 1,431 451 10,499 1,786 1,852 1,177 4,475 2,048 (10) 55 2 2 27 7 2 1 10 4 744 66 17 8 325 42 35 14 162 75 23,698 710 1,412 443 10,147 1,737 1,815 1,162 4,303 1,969 1,358,383 106,944 49,240 8,007 611,748 124,697 59,694 29,995 264,090 103,968 *11.9 14.1 7.7 4.6 16.3 24.8 7.7 11.5 17.9 16.3 *.6 1.9 .3 .1 .9 1.7 .2 .3 1.1 .8 Transportation equipment.................................... ........... ......... Motor vehicles_______________________________________ Shipbuilding.. ____________________________________ Railroad equipment--------------------- --------- -------------------- 748 98 257 40 1,455,055 193,773 593,611 66,361 3,337,118 424,973 1,336,605 154, 712 69,727 4,805 44,197 2,691 (14) 289 22 230 14 2,264 311 953 137 67,174 4,472 43,014 2,540 4,906,950 408,427 3,151,123 237,437 *21.3 11.3 33.1 17.4 *1.5 1.0 2.4 1.5 (1) (11) (1) (7) (1) (4) (2) (2) (1) (10) (3) INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN Industry Injury rates1 M d 3 M 3 o CQ « CO Aircraft........... .................................... Motor-vehicle p a r t s ------ ------------Boatbuilding___________ ______ — Aircraft parts______ ______________ Not elsewhere classified— ......... ...... 44 62 17 114 116 306,415 54,540 11,705 221,403 7,247 708,443 127, 756 25, 544 541,809 17,276 Miscellaneous manufacturing............... . Tobacco products_________________ Radios and phonographs.____ _____ Smelting and refining (nonferrous)... Nonferrous metal products............... Brushes__________________________ Brooms_________ ____ ____________ Coke ovens----------- ---------------------Not elsewhere classified..................... 1,591 208 61 106 683 45 42 25 421 306,176 50,313 58, 599 46,888 70,650 3,109 1,794 6,219 68,604 670,638 99,266 129,973 104,070 160,650 6,521 3,786 12,797 153,575 Ordnance and accessories_________ ____ Guns and related equipment______ Ammunition, except for small arms.. Tanks, military___________________ Sighting and fire-control equipment. Small arms_______________________ Tank parts, military................ ......... Not elsewhere classified.......... ........... 276 64 107 19 13 25 16 30 330, 521 81,135 119,374 30,162 17,368 38,790 18,757 22,867 766,250 198,890 257,836 71,769 43,110 96,076 43,112 51,421 Nonmanufaclurmg Construction. ___________ __________ Building. _______ ____ ____ ________ Heavy engineering________________ Highway____________ ____ ________ Not elsewhere classified........... ......... 4 2, 536 4 2,113 4123 4165 4135 135,214 80,882 31,489 15,051 7,792 226, 591 129,293 58,020 25,999 13,279 Communication. ___________________ Telephone (wire and radio)________ Radio broadcasting and television. «114 828 339,916 339,026 890 655,158 653,394 1,763 Transportation_______________ ________ Streetcar_________________________ Bus______________________________ Both streetcar and bus____________ Trucking and hauling_____________ Warehousing and storage__________ Pipe lines, except natural gas______ Not elsewhere classified___________ 4944 424 4155 441 4 575 <88 412 449 167,180 21,398 26,167 62,838 13,974 2,830 1,398 38, 575 382,492 50, 280 64, 510 148, 733 31, 626 5,607 2,957 78,779 Heat, light, and power________________ Electric light and power............ ....... G a s .................................................... 8301 *215 8 86 217,995 181,061 36,934 519, 506 442, 768 76,738 W aterworks............................................. *97 2,884 8,538 See footnotes at end of table. 8 86 8,075 4,070 283 5,139 467 (1) 10,484 646 761 3,060 3,799 130 70 282 1,736 (2) 10,153 2,530 4,446 670 312 878 332 875 (5) (1 ) (4) 8,306 4,683 2,172 1,004 447 (1) 314 81 46 408 14 7,751 3,986 237 4,722 452 482,199 94,978 46,197 466,281 20,308 11.4 31.9 11.1 9.5 27.0 .7 .7 1.8 .9 1.2 578 26 44 123 257 8 1 7 112 9,871 619 714 2,920 3,535 122 69 271 1,621 862,512 32,199 57,611 308,957 280,432 6,022 1,247 36,232 139,812 815.5 6.5 5.9 29.4 23.6 19.9 18.5 22.0 11.3 * 1.3 .3 .4 3.0 1.7 .9 .3 2.8 9 43 io 16 3 1 11 3 748 208 246 54 41 140 23 29 9,362 2,312 4,185 613 270 727 306 846 928,171 251,377 295,114 72,661 64,801 170,405 37,870 30,879 3 14.8 12.7 17.2 9.3 7.2 9.1 7.7 17.0 «1.2 1.3 i.i 1.0 i.5 i.8 .9 .6 76 36 23 11 6 179 83 67 17 12 8,051 4,564 2,082 976 429 817,797 412,048 248, Oil 99,765 57,973 36.7 36.2 37.4 38.6 33.7 3.6 13 13 4 4 1,909 1,908 1 112,418 112,400, 18 2.9 2.9 .6 .2 .2 0 B cj § 71 8 7 24 10 1 513 10 41 23 8 1,092,750 79,374 109,575 214,771 86,097 8,290 1,641 593,002 20.9 19.8 15.3 13.6 34.8 38.2 17.9 33.4 2.9 1.6 1.7 1.4 2.7 1.5 .6 7.5 H3 H « „ g g S5 g ZP io 3 9 1 (2) 35 1 3 17 7 4 3 w ^ U 3 OQ $ W M F g % d Q OQ (1) 1,926 1,925 1 8,013 995 986 2,030 1,102 214 53 2,633 5,325 4,198 1,127 93 (7) (7) 3.2 4.3 3.8 4.4 21 1 428 7,431 977 938 1,983 1,084 213 52 2,184 98 91 7 121 105 16 5,106 4,002 1,104 873,430 792,217 81,213 10.3 9.5 14.7 1.7 1.8 1.1 1 92 1,473 10.9 .2 a Z g frj T able 2 . — In ju ry Rates and Injuries by Extent o f D isability, 1942— Continued O [All reporting establishments] Injury rates 1 23 Number of disabling injuries Number Number Employeehours of of estab worked lishments employees (thousands) Resulting in— Total 4,397 702 822 482 523 1,249 332 287 146,676 17,795 42,107 37, 550 9,444 28,331 7,888 3,561 318,285 38,956 93.691 87,346 14, 551 59,488 17, 251 7,002 2,919 200 836 883 101 770 103 26 Business services______________ ____________________ ____ Banks and other financial agencies- ___________________ Insurance___________________________________ _______ Real estate_____ ________________ __________________ _ Miscellaneous business services. ____ _____ ___________ 2,494 1,036 387 529 542 94,453 47, 599 25,287 10,067 11,500 186, 343 93,099 49,808 20,804 22,633 950 326 108 221 295 Educational services______________________________________ 76 8,976 10,185 81 Trade________________________________________ _________ Wholesale distributors_____________________ __________ Retail, general merchandise ..................... ..................... . Retail, food .......................................................................... Wholesale and retail dairy products................................... Retail, automobiles___________________ _______________ Filling stations..................... ............................................... Retail, apparel and accessories................. ..................... ...... Miscellaneous retail stores___________________ _______ Wholesale and retail trade combined_____ ____ _________ 11,613 2,899 489 3,489 202 869 363 735 1,972 595 249,193 62,015 62,508 29,534 9,526 11,590 4,913 19,769 33,179 16,159 542,186 131,221 131, 220 70,055 22, 232 27, 595 11, 537 40,613 71,344 38,368 7,324 2,263 876 940 534 423 149 219 1,130 790 (1) (1) (1) (1) 175,686 15,808 44,545 66, 730 8,006 34,343 5,351 903 9.2 5.2 8.9 10.1 6.9 12.9 6.0 3.7 0.6 .4 .5 .8 .6 .6 .3 .1 2 5 933 323 105 219 286 68,731 8,346 20,017 4,749 35,619 5.1 3.5 2.2 10.6 13.0 .4 .1 .4 .2 1.6 81 684 8.0 .1 132 41 10 19 7 7 3 3 32 10 7,170 2,214 865 920 525 416 146 216 1,091 777 351,708 114,283 30,309 35,759 28.018 11,102 5,343 6,245 85,676 34,973 «13.7 17.2 6.7 13.4 24.0 15.3 12.9 5.4 15.8 21.7 8.7 .9 .2 .5 1.3 .4 .5 .2 1.2 1.0 55 2 23 21 7 10 3 3 22 8 1 1 2 7 3 Severity 2,852 196 811 858 100 760 102 25 12 2 2 4 1 3 4 Fre quency 7 1 1 1 Figures in parentheses show the number of permanent-total disability cases included. 2 The frequency rate is the average number of disabling injuries for each million employee-hours worked. The severity rate is the average number of days lost for each thousand employee-hours worked. The standard time-loss ratings for fatalities and permanent disabilities are given in Method of Compiling Industrial Injury Rates, approved by the American Standards Association, 1937. 3 Weighted by Bureau of Labor Statistics employment data. * Tabulated by operating units instead of by establishment. 8 Tabulated by company instead of by establishment. T H E UNITED STATES Nonmanufacturing—Continued Personal services___ __________________ ________ ______ ___ Dry cleaning_________________________________________ Laundries_____________ _____ ________________________ Laundry and dry cleaning combined___________________ Amusements and related services______________________ Hotels, and eating and drinking places____________ ____ Medical and other professional services__ ______________ Miscellaneous personal services________________ ____ ___ Total time lost (days) Death and Tempo permanent Permanent rary total partial total disability disability disability1 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN Industry INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN T H E UNITED STATES 11 , Changes in Exposure9 Injuries and Injury Rates A s was true in 1941, the increase in the number of disabling injuries far outstripped the increases in employment and exposure hours. For the manufacturing group, injuries increased by 34 percent— more than twice the increase in employment (16 percent) and half again as much as the increase in employee-hours (22 percent). The industries in which the number of injuries increased by a smaller percentage than exposure, or decreased by a larger percentage than did employment, were relatively few. In most industries, the increase in the number of disabling injuries far exceeded the increases in either employment or hours. This is particularly noticeable in industries which experienced sharp increases in employment because of war activities. In iron and steel forging, for instance, employment increased by 28 percent, hours by 32 percent, and injuries by 34 percent. In iron and steel foundries, employment rose by 14 percent, hours by 22 percent, and injuries by 27 percent. In the manufacture of metalworking machines, the increases for employment, hours, and injuries were 35, 44, and 58 percent, respec tively. In the large group of iron and steel, the respective increases were 8, 9, and 13 percent. In shipbuilding, injuries increased half again as much as employ ment and hours, and in the aircraft industry, by about 25 percent. In a number of other industries the increases in injuries coincided fairly well with increases in hours, but both exceeded the increase in employment. In a few cases, such as in the production of explosives, injuries increased by a smaller percentage than hours, but were con siderably in excess of the increase in employment. The decreased frequency rates in the construction industries were due to the fact that injuries increased by much smaller percentages than did employment and employee-hours. In building construc tion, for instance, injuries increased by only 3 percent for 1,319 iden tical establishments, whereas employment increased by 24 percent and employee-hours by 29 percent. In 142 highway-construction companies, an employment increase of 32 percent and an hours increase of 50 percent were accompanied by an actual injury decrease of 3 percent. A s a consequence, the frequency rate for this identical group dropped 35 percent below that for 1941. The transportation group again illustrates the 2 to 1 relationship between increases in the number of injuries and in the number of employees. The latter increased 9 percent, as did also hours, whereas injuries rose 16 percent. These relationships were particularly appar ent for the street-car and bus industries. The personal-service industries, as a group, also illustrated this trend. Em ploym ent and hours in 3,198 identical establishments both rose by 5 percent— but injuries went up 18 percent. In laundries, the increase in injuries was nearly 4 times the increase in employees and nearly 3 times the increase in hours. Still more marked was the situation in establishments with combined laundry and dry-cleaning activities; employment rose only 2 percent, hours fell 6 percent, and injuries increased 76 percent. 12 T able INDUSTRIAL IN JU RIES IN T H E UNITED STATES 3 . — Changes in Exposure, Disabling In ju ries, and In ju ry Rates, fo r 34,942 Identi cal Establishments, 1941 to 1942 Industry Num ber of estab lish ments Percent of change in— Em Dis Em Fre Sever abling Total quen ploy ployeetime ity hours inju ees worked ries lost cy rate rate Manufacturing Total, manufacturing.............................................. 20,965 +16 +22 Chemical products______________ ______ _______ _ Drugs, toiletries, and insecticides. .......... ......... Explosives_______________________ _________ Fertilizers_____________________ __________ _ Paints and varnishes______________________ Petroleum refining_____________ ______ ____ Rayon and allied products............................... Soap and glycerin__________ ______________ Industrial chemicals_______________ ________ Not elsewhere classified_____________ ______ 1,611 243 59 310 351 199 25 78 163 183 +17 +13 +140 -6 -6 +5 +4 -8 +9 +15 +23 +13 +225 -1 -5 +8 +4 -6 +13 +10 Food products______________ _______ __________ Baking_________ _______ __________________ Canning and preserving____________________ Confectionery_________ _____ _______ _____ _ Flour, feed, and other grain-mill products___ Slaughtering and meat packing_____________ Sugar refining._______________________ *____ Beverages.............................. .............. .............. Dairy products____ ____ __________________ Breweries_________________________________ Not elsewhere classified____________________ 2,446 649 357 215 498 169 64 111 113 46 224 +8 +16 +12 +2 +5 +9 +00 -3 +5 +3 -3 +8 +8 +11 +5 +11 +12 -3 -5 +8 +3 “ (2) H34 hl4 1-15 b20 H30 H26 +5 +14 +4 +37 +17 Iron and steel and their products_______________ Iron and steel_____________ ______ _________ Cutlery and edge tools..................................... Enameling and galvanizing______ __________ Fabricated structural steel........... .................. Forgings_______________________________ _ Foundries________________________________ Hardware________________________________ Ornamental metalwork____________________ Plumbers’ supplies________________________ Stamped and pressed metal products_______ Steam fittings and apparatus______________ Stoves and furnaces, not electric....................... Tin cans and other tinware____ ______ ______ Tools, except edge tools..__________________ Wire and wire products____________________ Not elsewhere classified.................................... 2,347 227 88 47 225 78 467 135 67 55 198 172 145 66 103 100 124 +7 +8 -5 -1 4 +7 +28 +14 -1 0 +1 -6 +4 +10 -1 3 -1 2 +19 -3 +26 +11 +9 +1 -1 2 +13 +32 +22 -4 +9 -6 +8 +18 -1 0 -1 1 +32 +4 +43 Leather and its products_______________________ Boots and shoes................................................. Leather................................................... .......... Not elsewhere classified____________________ 589 351 • 152 86 + ( 2) +1 -1 +1 Lumber, lumber products, and furniture............... Logging---------------------------------------------------Planing mills. ..................................... .............. Sawmills_________________________________ Furniture, except metal____________________ Furniture, metal__________ _______________ Partitions, shelving, and store fixtures_______ Morticians’ supplies. ...................... ................. Wooden containers........................................... Not elsewhere classified......... .............. .......... . 3,025 163 753 593 847 67 98 37 273 194 Machinery (not transportation)_______________ _ Agricultural machinery and tractors________ Construction and mining machinery________ Electrical-equipment supplies________ _____ _ Food-products machinery__________________ Metalworking machinery........... ......... ........... . Textile machinery. ...................... .................... Special industry machinery, not elsewhere classified____ ______ _____________________ General industrial machinery_____ _____ ____ Machinery, not elsewhere classified ................ . Repair shops....... ............................................... See footnotes at end of table. +34 +11 ' i + 9 +27 ~ ~ +2 +75 +71 +205 +118 -4 3 +11 -1 7 +21 +22 -2 2 -2 8 -4 +68 -8 -2 3 +17 +21 +175 i -1 2 1+7 +55 -7 +12 +27 +13 -8 -1 +4 +9 i -6 +66 -3 3 -4 3 -1 3 -2 7 -3 6 +71 -3 1 +150 +10 +17 +11 -1 0 -2 6 +37 +8 -2 4 -4 2 -7 8 +40 1 +10 +6 +4 -1 4 +17 +13 +8 +19 -3 +33 +18 i0 +7 -6 -2 2 -3 5 +28 +12 -2 5 -4 4 -7 9 +42 +18 +13 +19 -28 -2 +34 +27 +17 +18 -6 -5 +44 -4 -18 +20 +38 +40 +10 +18 +55 -4 1 +1 +11 +9 -3 8 -4 0 -1 -1 4 +29 +00 -3 3 +60 +00 +9 *+ 4 +3 +18 -1 8 -1 3 +1 +4 +22 +9 -1 -1 1 +22 +7 -7 -9 +33 -2 l -5 +11 +58 -3 2 -1 1 -1 4 -1 2 -3 3 -4 7 +6 -2 0 +11 +13 -2 5 +24 0 -2 5 +2 +2 +1 +8 +17 +23 +11 +19 -4 +2 -2 -3 3 i +21 +22 +10 +11 i -1 1 0 0 -4 0 -2 -6 -1 + ( 2) -<*) -1 8 - ( 2) -1 0 +2 -1 +4 +3 +1 +7 +7 -1 6 +2 -8 +12 +10 +13 -3 +5 +25 +11 -14 -16 +16 +34 +1 -1 -1 8 -1 2 -1 2 +27 +23 -1 1 -4 4 +43 +14 »+ 4 -6 +4 +17 +4 +3 -1 8 +26 +20 -8 1 -1 1 -2 0 -1 2 -1 8 +21 +50 -1 0 -3 3 +28 +4 1,908 111 179 255 84 243 109 +22 -1 0 +18 +24 -3 +35 -4 +31 +1 +24 +34 -2 +44 +3 +27 -7 +22 +24 -24 +58 +4 +5 -2 0 +2 -2 -8 +49 -3 7 *+l -8 -1 -8 -2 2 +10 +1 i -8 -2 2 -1 8 -2 5 -9 0 -3 8 237 469 59 162 +16 +32 +8 +13 +22 +41 +14 +22 +22 +32 +22 -22 -1 3 +20 -4 1 +83 -C 2) -6 +6 -3 6 -2 8 -1 3 -4 3 +50 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN T able 13 T H E UNITED STATES 3 . — Changes in Exposure, Disabling Injuries, and Injury Rates, for 34,942 Identic cal Establishments, 1941 to 1942— Continued Industry Number of estab lish ments Percent of change in— Dis Em Fre Sever Em abling Total quen ploy ployeeity hours inju time lost cy rate rate ees worked ries Manufacturing—Oontinusd Paper and allied products....... ............................. . Pulp_____________________________________ Paper________________________________ ____ Paper and pulp (integrated) _ .............. ............. Folding boxes................................................... . Set-up boxes....................................................... Corrugated boxes.......................................... . Fiber boxes......... ............................................... Not elsewhere classified................................ ._. 1,221 32 268 67 115 320 95 20 314 +2 +3 +3 +1 -4 +9 -5 -5 + ( 2) +4 +7 +6 +4 -2 +12 -4 + ( 2) +2 1-15 -15 H14 hl7 -9 +28 -12 +62 +29 -1 3 +4 -2 1 -1 0 -6 -1 1 -5 6 +8 +4 l +7 +7 +8 +13 -7 +15 -8 +62 +27 i -2 1 -2 -2 6 -1 5 JD -2 5 -5 6 +13 0 Printing and publishing. ......................................... Book and job______________________________ News and periodical........... ............................... Bookbinding_____________________ _________ 2,407 1,599 773 35 -3 -2 -4 -1 2 -2 -1 -2 -1 3 +16 +19 +13 +29 -8 -1 3 -4 +305 i +20 +20 +16 +47 1+14 -1 2 0 +367 Rubber and its products____ __________________ Rubber tires___ ______ _____ __________ ____ Rubber boots and shoes.............................. . Not elsewhere classified................................ . 172 35 18 119 + ( 2) +15 -1 4 -1 2 +5 +23 -1 2 -9 -6 +16 -9 -21 -9 -1 0 +5 -1 2 i -1 0 -6 +3 —13 i -1 5 -2 7 +17 0 Stone, clay, and glass products-------------------------Brick, tile, and terra cotta__________________ Cement________ __________________________ Glass_____________________________________ Pottery___________________________________ Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products. J___ Cut stone and cut-stone products___________ Not elsewhere classified________ ___________ 1,193 427 133 175 90 151 118 99 +2 +6 +6 -1 +1 + ( 2) -5 +5 +4 +5 +6 +1 +1 +5 +5 +13 +15 +24 +10 +22 -1 +2 +2 + ( 2) +5 +65 -8 -1 1 +35 -3 1 +15 -2 6 i -3 +19 +3 +20 -1 -3 -3 -1 1 l -1 2 +62 -1 3 -1 0 +33 -3 4 +11 -3 3 Textiles and textile-mill products. _____ ________ Carpets and rugs_________________________ Clothing, men’s---------------------------------------Clothing, women’s________________________ Cotton goods_____ ______ __________________ Dyeing and finishing_________ ____ ________ Knit goods_________ _____________________ Silk and rayon products, not elsewhere classified. Woolen goods_________ ____ _______________ Not elsewhere classified____________________ 2,894 59 4,866 384 433 172 553 166 320 321 _ ( 2) -1 2 +1 -7 +6 -1 -6 -3 -3 +2 +3 -1 3 +3 -5 +10 +5 -2 +5 -1 +6 +17 -3 +8 +24 +19 +34 +13 +13 +15 +16 -3 -1 7 -2 1 -7 7 +18 +25 -1 5 -21 -1 8 -1 1 i +10 +12 +4 +32 +7 +27 +15 +7 +16 +9 l -1 4 -5 0 -6 7 D +19 0 -2 5 -1 5 -1 8 Transportation equipment....................................... Motor vehicles..____________ ______________ Shipbuilding........................................ .............. Railroad equipment.......................................... Aircraft.............. ................................... ........... Motor-vehicle parts..................................... i ._. Boatbuilding............. ............ ........................... Aircraft parts_____________ _____________ _ Not elsewhere classified........................... ......... 304 62 109 19 21 35 8 21 29 +90 -2 0 +190 +16 +81 +7 +36 +73 +12 +102 -1 8 +226 +55 +78 +17 +97 +82 +21 +174 +11 +292 +47 +101 +87 +115 +52 +41 +73 -2 5 +181 -3 +8 +24 +49 -7 -3 2 i +32 +36 +20 -9 +13 +59 +9 -1 7 +16 » -1 7 -1 2 -1 5 -3 7 -3 6 0 -2 4 -4 8 -4 3 Miscellaneous manufacturing *................................ Tobacco products....... . . . ........................ ......... Radios and phonographs....... ...................... Smelting and refining (nonferrous)................... Nonferrous metal products................................ Brushes..................................... — ......... ......... Brooms........................... .................................... Not elsewhere classified-................................... 834 185 47 80 154 42 36 286 +5 -1 +13 -3 +8 -4 +3 +7 +13 +5 +31 +2 +16 -6 +8 +12 +10 +8 +26 +19 -5 +44 +2 +12 -8 -4 0 -5 3 -9 +22 +37 -4 6 +9 l -4 +3 -5 +16 -1 8 +53 +1 0 i -1 3 -4 0 *—67 -9 +5 +50 -5 0 0 * 1,620 *1,819 483 4 142 4 76 +40 +24 +92 +32 +123 +52 +29 +108 +50 +151 +7 +3 +25 -3 -9 +44 +60 +57 +25 -2 8 -3 0 -2 0 -4 0 -3 5 -6 4 -5 +21 -2 5 -1 7 -7 2 *75 +8 +8 +17 -1 8 +7 Nonmanufacturing Construction....... ............... . Building......................... Heavy engineering____ Highway_____________ Not elsewhere classified. Communication: Telephone.... See footnotes at end of table. 14 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN T H E UNITED STATES T a b l e 3. — Changes in Exposure, Disabling Injuries, and Injury Rates, for 34,942 Identi cal Establishments, 1941 to 1942— Continued Industry Number of estab lish ments Percent of change in— Dis Em Em Fre Sever abling Total ity ploy ployeetime quen inju hours lost cy rate rate ees worked ries Nonmanufacturing—Continued Transportation3......... ........... .................................. Streetcar............ .............. .................................. Bus______________________ ________________ Both streetcar and bus___.................................. Trucking and hauling........................................ Warehousing and storage............... - .................. Pipe lines, except natural gas-----------------------Not elsewhere classified..................................... 4 587 4 17 4128 4 40 4325 4 39 4 10 4 27 +9 +7 +9 +11 +1 +16 -3 +13 +9 +9 +14 +10 +4 +16 -3 +15 +16 +22 +32 +21 -7 -1 6 +47 +3 +18 +34 +47 +20 -1 7 -3 9 +313 +1 +6 +13 +16 +11 -1 1 -2 8 +51 -1 0 +7 +18 +27 +8 -2 0 -4 3 +500 -2 5 Heat, light, and power____ _____________________ Electric light and power. ................................ Gas...................... ............................................... Steam heat and power...................................... 5268 5 192 567 59 -7 -6 -7 -4 +13 +15 -4 0 -5 -3 -1 6 -6 0 +5 +11 -3 3 -9 1 -1 6 -1 6 -1 2 -6 0 -6 -6 -2 9 -8 3 W aterworks____ ____ ________ _________________ 5125 -8 +48 -2 4 -2 3 -4 9 -3 3 Personal services____________ __________________ Dry cleaning............................................. ......... Laundries....... .................................................... Laundry and dry cleaning combined................ Amusements and related services. ................. Hotels, and eating and drinking places—......... Medical and other professional services........ — Miscellaneous personal services. ...................... 3,198 589 707 363 361 771 230 177 +5 +7 +12 +2 -8 +3 +1 -3 +5 +8 +16 -6 -3 +8 +2 -1 +18 +3 +44 +76 -2 4 -1 8 -3 3 +23 -1 6 +7 -4 3 +54 -8 1 -4 8 +188 +47 +13 -6 +25 +88 -2 1 -2 5 -3 5 +23 -1 7 0 -5 6 +60 -8 6 -5 0 +100 0 Business services..... .............................................. — Banks and other financial agencies................... Insurance.................................................. ......... Real estate.......................................................... Miscellaneous business services....................... 1,746 665 282 390 409 -2 +1 -1 -1 -1 5 —2 0 -1 -8 -1 1 -4 +37 -2 6 -2 —27 +27 -6 1 +161 -2 0 +168 -2 +37 -2 6 +8 -1 8 0 -6 7 +100 -3 3 +225 Educational services................................................. 58 -1 +10 -7 -5 9 -1 5 -5 0 Trade------------------------------------------------------------Wholesale distributors.............. ........................ Retail, general merchandise....... ........... ........... Retail, food........................ ................................ Wholesale and retail dairy products................. Retail, automobiles............................................ Filling stations............... .......................... ......... Retail, apparel and accessories. ......... .......... . Miscellaneous retail stores....................... ......... Wholesale and retail trade combined________ 6,300 1,833 391 661 157 700 229 506 1,394 429 -5 -7 0 -1 +9 -3 5 -1 1 -6 -3 0 -3 -6 +3 0 +8 -3 4 -9 +5 -1 -2 -6 -7 -9 +12 +7 -4 0 -2 8 +5 -2 +8 -2 8 -4 7 -4 3 +54 +39 -7 9 -6 9 +122 +28 -1 3 i-3 -1 -1 2 +11 -1 -9 -2 1 0 -1 +11 i-3 3 -4 4 -5 0 +67 +25 -7 0 -6 7 +100 +22 -8 i Weighted by Bureau of Labor Statistics employment data. 3 Less than 0.5. 3 Totals include figures for industries not shown separately. 4 Tabulated by operating units instead of by establishment. ®Tabulated by company instead of by establishment. INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN 15 T H E UNITED STATES Disability Estimates fo r Manufacturing Industries In table 4 are shown estimates of work injuries for a number of manufacturing industries. N o estimates were made when the num ber of employees covered in the Bureau's survey composed less than 40 percent of an industry's total employment. The estimates were made by increasing the reported injuries by the ratio which the em ployment surveyed bore to the total industry employment. T he estimates are believed to be conservative. The important phases of table 4 have been covered in the summary. T able 4.— Estimates o f Disabilities, by Extent, fo r M anufacturing Industries, 1942 Estimates for entire industry All reporting establishments Industry Num Num ber of ber of em estab ploy lish ees ments (thou sands) Total All days disa lost bling (thou in sands) juries Death Per Tem ma po Total and per nent rary ma par total days lost tial dis (thou nent total dis abil sands) disa abil ity bility ity 974 12,450 1,609 27,000 270 1,290 25,440 3,478 Em ploy ee hours worked (mil lions) Num ber of disa bling in juries Chemical products 1..................... . Drugs, toiletries, and insecti cides________ ____________ Explosives......... ....................... Fertilizers.......... ...................... Paints and varnishes............... Petroleum refining__________ Rayon and allied products___ Snap and glynarin Industrial chemicals................. 1,D57 466 287 75 343 396 217 26 86 290 43 87 18 29 99 48 18 78 Food products1.............................. Confectionery.......................... Flour, feed, and other grainmill products............. .......... Sugar refining..... ................... . Beverages_______ ______ ____ Breweries__________________ 3,327 254 385 40 540 114 382 265 36 27 16 36 Iron and steel 'and their productsl. Iron and steel.. . . . . . . _ Cutlery and edge tools_______ Stampings and enameled ware . Fabricated structural steel___ Forgings.................................. Foundries................................. Hardware_________________ Plumbers’ supplies_____ ____ Steam fittings and apparatus.. Stoves and furnaces, not elec tric________________ ______ Tin cans and other tinware___ Tools, except edge tools........... 3,309 301 100 304 295 119 898 156 86 221 1,106 574 11 44 32 34 168 28 31 38 185 88 131 27 22 24 57 45 57 1,921 908 1,397 132 2,000 58 1,800 114 1,800 10 5 70 1,920 130 1,670 120 1,675 140 113 149 Leather and its products1............. Leather..................................... Boots and shoes............ ........... 646 160 388 160 35 117 323 73 232 4,630 2,220 2,095 278 12,000 161 3,600 98 4,500 35 15 5 410 11,555 80 3,505 160 4,335 705 258 212 Lumber, lumber products, and furniture 1..... ............................... Planing m ills........................... Furniture, except metal........... Wooden containers................... 3,626 871 1,153 314 309 58 118 32 658 26,427 2,416 93,600 125 4,703 353 7,900 253 5,889 537 11,000 68 3,395 292 3,800 480 4,700 88,420 8,935 15 596 420 7,465 930 10,050 20 998 15 210 3,575 330 2,818 1,020 2,467 40,159 2,565 53,200 110 2,710 50,380 3,461 155 61 1,449 397 Machinery (not transportation) i__ Agricultural machinery and tractors.................................. General and special industry machinery3........................... 88 197 36 60 201 96 37 168 1,361 1,260 1,161 1,042 2,147 806 380 2,811 103 324 94 85 323 69 45 377 1,900 2,100 2,100 1,700 2,700 1,400 500 6,200 783 23,329 1,656 75,300 81 1,226 59 2,300 81 55 31 77 2,009 1,720 613 2,958 114 194 32 462 4,000 2,000 1,300 4,500 2,395 54,110 4,958 93,900 1,201 12,504 2,394 13,800 26 52 629 700 97 2,090 171 4,300 72 2,920 193 6,600 82 3,096 175 3,700 366 18,169 1,057 31,100 65 1,570 107 2,700 66 1,327 109 1,300 88 3,501 181 3,500 139 2,557 272 4,700 60 60 140 60 80 130 70 40 290 1,830 1,895 2,030 1,615 2,540 1,330 460 5,850 140 528 172 140 404 117 54 830 240 2,340 72,720 4,764 111 5 100 2,195 10 20 5 30 110 60 30 400 3,880 1,920 1,265 4,070 228 230 65 707 470 4,410 89,020 7,450 235 i, n o 12,455 2,634 5 30 57 665 349 10 360 3,930 434 20 280 6,300 10 210 160 3,530 130 780 30,190 1,808 5 170 2,525 180 109 10 60 1,230 181 10 100 3,390 15 470 4,215 495 55 1,090 25,055 1,573 1 Includes data for industries not shown separately because of insufficient coverage upon which to base industry estimates. 3 This classification includes construction, mining, and food-products machinery. 976 20,942 1,259 26,200 10 65 10 5 30 16 INDUSTRIAL IN JU RIES IN T H E UNITED STATES T a ble 4. — Estim ates o f D isabilities, b y Extent, fo r M anufacturing Industries, 1942 — Con. Estimates for entire industry All reporting establishments Num Num ber of ber of em estab ploy lish ees ments (thou sands) Industry Em ploy ee hours worked (mil lions) Num ber of disa bling in juries Death Per Tem ma po Total and Total All nent rary days days disa per ma par lost bling nent tial total lost (thou in total dis (thou dis sands) juries disa abil abil sands) ity bility ity Machinery—Continued. Electrical equipment and sup plies ___________________ Metalworking machinery____ Repair sh ops_______________ 321 438 247 359 153 5 842 392 11 512 7,700 427 11,200 600 17 20 15 5 550 7,130 460 10,725 20 575 Paper and allied products 1........ Pulp. ......... ............................ Paper boxes............................. 1,333 403 694 236 140 48 510 12, 353 1,001 19,100 309 8,143 754 10,900 101 2,180 107 4,100 75 60 5 770 18,255 1,494 430 10,410 1,011 140 3,955 204 6,185 8, 552 261 640 559 40 Printing and publishing *.............. 2,637 157 315 3,000 230 9,000 20 390 8,590 694 Rubber and its products L_........... Rubber tires............ ................ Rubber boots and shoes______ 196 38 20 104 52 18 221 110 39 2,871 1, 312 338 236 4,700 131 2,100 400 25 15 10 210 4,475 90 2,000 20 380 383 206 33 Stone, clay, and glass products i_._ Brick, tile, and terra cotta___ Cement____________________ Glass_______________________ Pottery____________________ 1, 389 486 142 192 93 206 44 28 74 25 415 10,588 84 3,969 55 404 149 3,060 755 49 871 23, 500 268 6,900 500 130 139 4,700 91 1,600 180 45 15 5 25 3,475 74 496 192 638 871 29 304 33 123 192 352 49 121 Transportation equipment1_____ Motor vehicles and parts____ Shipbuilding and boatbuild ing________________ Railroad equipment_________ Aircraft and parts_____ ___ 748 160 1,455 248 3,337 69,727 4,907 89,200 553 8,875 503 8,900 370 2,850 85,980 6,304 25 390 8,485 503 274 40 158 605 66 528 1,362 44,480 3,197 59,200 155 2,691 237 2,700 1, 250 13,214 948 18,000 305 1, 330 57, 565 4,252 15 140 2, 545 237 25 980 16,995 1,290 Miscellaneous manufacturing 1___ Tobacco products _________ Radios and phonographs......... 1,591 208 61 306 50 59 671 10,484 99 646 130 761 863 34,900 32 1,400 58 1,100 110 1,960 32,830 2,882 60 1,340 69 5 85 70 1,025 Ordnance and accessories 1_______ 276 331 766 10,153 928 47,500 170 3,560 43, 770 4,134 Textiles and textile-mill prod ucts i_________ _____ __________ Carpets and rugs____________ Cotton goods..!_____________ Dyeing and finishing________ Knit goods_________________ Silk and rayon products, not elsewhere classified_____ __ Woolen g o o d s .______ ____ 1,772 24,497 1,358 58,900 55 778 800 107 644 10,499 612 19,800 72 1,786 125 4,200 239 1,852 60 3,600 102 249 1,177 4,475 30 2,700 264 7,300 600 22, 720 2,036 120 6,735 464 445 40 160 130 4,565 211 20 1, 555 194 120 1,680 57,100 2,980 70 107 730 610 19,140 1,156 50 15 100 4,085 292 5 70 3,525 116 15 30 2,670 270 7,015 69 433 1Includes data for industries not shown separately because of insufficient coverage upon which to base industry estimates. Disability Distribution I n table 5 is shown the disability distribution for the injuries reported by all establishments surveyed. In comparison with 1941, the weighted percentage of deaths and a small number of permanent total disabilities during 1942 in the entire manufacturing group was slightly lower, 0.4 of 1 percent as against 0.5 of 1 percent. The per centage of permanent partial impairments was considerably lower, 4 .7 as against 5.7. Conversely, the percentage of temporary total disabilities increased from 93.8 to 94.9. T h e shift toward disabilities of a lower degree is also emphasized b y the average time losses per injury. There was, of course, no change in the average time charges for deaths and permanent total disabilities, which remain at 6,000 days. The average time charge per permanent INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN T H E UNITED STATES 17 partial impairment, however, was reduced from 950 days per case in 1941 to 874 days in 1942. Similarly, the average time lost per case of temporary total disability dropped from 16 to 15 days. The number of manufacturing industries in which deaths amounted to 1.0 percent or more of the total reported injuries was relatively small. Outstanding were the cement and cut-stone industries, each with 3.7 percent. The explosives industry followed with 3.1 percent. Lagging considerably was the iron and steel industry with 1.6 percent, matched by the pottery industry. The percentage in pulp manufac turing was 1.5; coke ovens, 1.4; logging, 1 .3; small arms, 1.3 ; petroleum refining, 1.2; machine repair shops, 1.1; and industrial chemicals, 1.0. In comparison with 1941, fatalities formed a considerably higher pro portion of disabling injuries in the pulp and cut-stone industries, and to a lesser degree in explosives manufacturing. A notable reduction was experienced in petroleum refining. In the other industries, there was relatively little change. Comparison with the 1941 data reveals that the number of in dustries in which permanent impairments accounted for 10 percent or more of all injuries was very much smaller in 1942, illustrating again the trend toward less serious injuries. One of the highest percentages in 1942 is found in the small-arms industry, 15.9 percent. Another war industry in this group is that manufacturing sighting and fire-control equipment, with a percentage of 13.1. In comparison, the figure for explosives is 6 .9 ; for iron and steel, 7 .7 ; forgings, 4 .4 ; foundries, 2 .4 ; shipbuilding, 2 .2 ; and aircraft, 3.9. The sighting and fire-control equipment industry also had one of the highest average time charges per permanent impairment, 1,327 days. This average was exceeded by only 5 industries— fertilizers, 1,406 days; petroleum refining, 1,387 days; sugar refining, 1,444 days; log ging, 1,400 days; and dyeing and finishing, 1,370 days. B y far the largest number of manufacturing industries had an average of less than 20 days of time lost per temporary total dis ability. Outstanding for high averages were iron and steel, 25 days; logging, 22 days; rubber tires, 32 days; and railroad equipment, 24 days. Am ong the nonmanufacturing industries, the electric light and power industry had the highest percentage of fatalities, 2.2. In heavy engineering construction, highway construction, streetcar and bus operation, and in dry cleaning, the percentage of fatalities was as high as 1.0 percent or more. The percentages of permanent impairments generally fall far below those noted in m any of the manufacturing industries. The highest percentage, 4.2, is found in bus transportation, followed by 3.1 in heavy engineering construction. In all other industries the per centage was below 3.0. The average for the entire manufacturing group, it will be recalled, was 4.7 percent. In sharp contrast with this distribution, however, are the average time charges per permanent impairment in a number of these in dustries. For combined streetcar and bus operations, this average is 1,587 days; for electric light and power, 1,554 days; building con struction, 1,499 days; gas, 1,328 days; and laundry and dry cleaning, 1,438 days. Only in the electric light and power industry did the average dura tion per temporary total disability exceed 20 days. 18 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN T H E UNITED STATES T a b le 5.— D isability Distribution and Average D a ys Lost p er D isability , by Industry, 1942 Percent of injuries resulting in— Industry Average days lost per disability Death Tem Perma Tem and per Perma porary nent nent porary manent partial total partial total total dis disability disability disability disability ability 1 Manufacturing Total, manufacturing 2__......... ................................... 0.4 4.7 94.9 874 15 Chemical products2............................. .................... . Drugs, toiletries, and insecticides.......................... Explosives........ .......... ...... ................................... Fertilizers.—................. ........................................ Paints and varnishes.............. ............................... Petroleum refining...... ................... ...................... Rayon and allied products........ ............................ Soap and glycerin.............. ................................... Industrial chemicals. ......................... .................. Not elsewhere classified................................ ........ 1.2 .7 3.1 .4 .2 1.2 .1 .3 1.0 1.0 6.1 3.3 6.9 3.0 6.1 4.7 6.1 8.4 4.7 4.9 93.7 96.0 90.0 96.6 94.7 94.1 94.8 91.3 94.3 94.1 1,108 782 702 1,406 1,233 1,387 1,244 1,063 1,295 1,049 16 10 20 14 15 19 16 14 16 16 Food products2................................................ ........... Baking................. .................................................. Canning and preserving______________________ Confectionery_________________ ____________ Flour, feed, and other grain-mill products______ Slaughtering and meat packing________________ Sugar refining.......................... ................. ........... Beverages___________________________________ Dairy products........ ............ .................... ........... Breweries _________________________________ Not elsewhere classified......................................... .4 .6 .3 .2 .2 .1 .8 .3 3.1 4.1 1.8 3.9 2.6 3.3 3.0 2.3 8.8 1.6 96.5 95.3 97.9 95.9 97.2 96.6 96.2 97.4 0 90.6 98.0 962 1,008 1,037 612 1,090 921 1,444 818 600 1,212 947 14 14 13 14 14 12 16 14 13 14 16 0 .6 .4 0 Iron and steel and their products 2.............................. Iron and steel................... ..................................... Cutlery and edge tools.......................................... Enameling and galvanizing.................................. Fabricated structural steel____________________ Forgings.................. ...................... ............... ........ Foundries_________ _________________________ Hardware..------- -----------------------------------------Ornamental metalwork____ _________________ Plumbers' supplies____________________ ____ Stamped and pressed metal products__________ Steam fittings and apparatus_________________ Stoves and furnaces, not electric_______________ Tin cans and other tinware. ........................... ...... Tools, except edge tools.......... .......................... . Wire and wire products......................................... Not elsewhere classified......................................... .8 1.6 .6 .3 .3 .2 .4 .2 .3 .7 .2 .3 .5 0 .2 .2 .1 6.7 7.7 3.9 4.6 4.2 4.4 2.4 6.2 6.9 4.5 9.3 2.8 3.1 7.6 6.3 3.6 5.2 93.5 90.7 95.5 95.2 95.5 95.4 97.2 93.6 93.8 94.8 90.5 96.9 96.4 92.4 93.5 96.2 94.7 723 732 814 658 773 681 813 685 548 647 672 740 753 672 859 549 675 18 25 13 16 15 13 14 15 13 12 12 13 13 14 15 14 13 Leather and its products2. .......................................... Leather................................................................... Boots and shoes................. .............. ..................... Not elsewhere classified_________ _____ ________ .2 .6 .1 .3 3.6 2.3 3.5 4.4 96.2 97.2 96.4 95.3 803 1,325 727 707 13 15 13 11 Lumber, lumber products, and furniture2_________ Logging..----------------------------------------------------Planing mills____________ Sawmills___ _______ _ ____________________ Furniture, except metal______________________ Furniture, metal_____________________________ Partitions, shelving, and store fixtures_________ Morticians' supplies__________________________ Wooden containers___________ ________ _____ Not elsewhere classified________________ ______ .4 1.3 .2 .4 .2 .1 .3 5.7 1.8 5.3 4.0 8.9 6.0 8.0 5.4 6.6 93.9 96.9 94.5 95.6 90.9 93.9 91.7 0 94.2 93.0 973 1,400 901 1,187 813 748 770 750 961 861 16 22 16 16 12 12 19 11. 13 16 .2 0 5.6 10.1 2.6 7.0 8.9 4.1 4.6 94.2 89.6 97.0 92.8 91.1 95.7 95.4 766 771 903 740 1,069 694 681 15 14 15 17 14 13 16 .2 .2 0 1.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 2.6 95.6 95.4 95.5 96.3 661 840 731 343 14 13 13 11 Machinery (not transportation)2_______ _____ ____ Agricultural machinery and tractors___________ Construction and mining machinery___________ Electrical equipment and supplies............... ...... Food-products machinery____________ ___ ____ Metalworking machinery_____________________ Textile machinery___________________________ Special industry machinery, not elsewhere clas sified___ ____ ________________________ _____ General industrial machinery_________________ Machinery, not elsewhere classified______ _____ Repair shops..................................... ..................... S eafon tn otes at end o f table. 0 .4 .4 .2 .3 .4 .2 0 0 19 INDUSTRIAL IN JU RIES IN T H E UNITED STATES T able 5.— D isability Distribution and Average D ays Lost p er D isability , by Industry , 1942 — Continued Percent of injuries resulting in— Industry Average days lost per disability Death Perma Tem Tem and per Perma porary nent porary nent manent partial total partial total total dis disability disability disability disability ability 1 Manufacturing—Continued Paper and allied products2_______________________ P u l p - ...........—------------ --------- ----------------------Paper--------------------------------------- ------------------Paper and pulp (integrated)—. _______________ Folding boxes_________ ______ _______ ________ Set-up boxes_________________________ _______ Corrugated boxes........ ........................ ...... ......... Fiber boxes........................................ ...... ............ Not elsewhere classified-....................... ...... ......... 0.3 1.5 .3 .7 .6 0 0 0 .2 4.0 2.7 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.5 2.4 2.1 5.0 95.7 95.8 95.6 95.3 95.3 95.5 97.6 97.9 94.8 990 1,031 1,122 1,135 993 696 860 1,230 853 16 17 16 18 12 15 14 7 15 Printing and publishing 2_................................. ......... Book and job— .............................................. . News and periodical.............................................. Bookbinding.......................................................... .2 .2 .3 0 5.3 4.3 4.2 10.0 94.5 95.5 95.5 90.0 1,151 1,165 1,066 1,275 15 14 16 15 Rubber and its products2................................ ........... Rubber tires__________________________ ______ Rubber boots and shoes............................._ Not elsewhere classified........................................ .3 .5 0 .2 4.5 4.2 5.0 4.7 95.2 95.3 95.0 95.1 976 995 1,126 891 24 32 18 15 Stone, clay, and glass products2................................. Brick, tile, and terra cotta.___________________ Cement............................................... ................... Glass...................................................................... Pottery...----------------------------------------------------Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products_______ Cut stone and cut-stone products.................... . Not elsewhere classified...... ......... .................... . 1.0 .6 3.7 .1 1.6 .7 3.7 .6 3.0 1.7 8.3 2.8 1.2 2.7 1.5 3.6 96.0 97.7 88.0 97.1 97.2 96.6 94.8 95.8 974 1,037 1,109 906 778 1,222 1,300 937 17 13 32 13 17 15 16 19 Textiles and textile-mill products 2__....................... . Carpets and rugs....... ...... ..................................... Clothing, men’s......................... ........................ . Clothing, women’s...................... ...................... Cotton goods_______•------------ ------ ------------------Dyeing and finishing_______ ______________ _ Knit goods_____________ _____________________ Silk and rayon products, not elsewhere classified. Woolen goods-----------------------------------------------Not elsewhere classified.................................... . .2 .3 .1 0 .3 .4 .1 .1 .2 .2 2.5 8.5 1.2 1.8 3.1 2.4 1.9 1.2 3.6 3.7 97.3 91.2 98.7 98.2 96.6 97.2 98.0 98.7 96.2 96.1 820 1, 259 1,253 488 889 1,370 681 539 815 707 13 17 11 9 16 14 13 14 17 14 Transportation equipment2........................................ Motor vehicles........... ................ ...................... . Shipbuilding Railroad equipment................... ........................... Aircraft....................................... ........................... Motor-vehicle parts__________________________ Boatbuilding....... ........................ .............. ........... Aircraft parts___________ ______ ______________ Not elsewhere classified...................................... . * .3 .5 .5 .5 .1 .1 0 .2 .2 3.8 6.5 2.2 5.1 3.9 2.0 16.3 7.9 3.0 95.9 93.0 97.3 94.4 96.0 97.9 83.7 91.9 96.8 900 688 960 672 1,019 572 925 851 600 16 14 20 24 13 8 15 14 13 Miscellaneous manufacturing2.................................... Tobacco products____ _____________ _________ _ Radios and phonographs..................................... . Smelting and refining (nonferrous)._............... . Nonferrous metal products................................ Brushes....................................... ........................... Brooms...................... ............... ............................ Coke ovens__________ _________________ ______ Not elsewhere classified_________________ _____ •3 .2 .4 .6 .2 (■) (3) 1.4 .2 5.7 4.0 6.0 4.0 6.7 (3) (3) 2.5 6.5 94.0 95.8 93.6 95.4 93.1 (3) (3) 96.1 93.3 868 733 771 1,268 741 581 600 1,071 897 14 12 12 18 14 11 9 17 13 Ordnance and accessories2............... ............ .............. Guns and related equipment................................. Ammunitition, except for small arms....... ........... Tanks, military______________________________ Sighting and fire-control equipment..................... Small arms............................................ ................ Tank parts, military........ .................................... Not elsewhere classified......................................... .4 .4 .3 .4 .3 1.3 .9 0 8.2 8.2 5.5 7.9 13.1 15.9 6.8 3.3 91.4 91.4 94.2 91.7 86.6 82.8 92.3 96.7 717 773 593 767 1,327 666 711 671 14 13 14 19 16 15 12 14 See footnotes at end o f table. 20 INDUSTRIAL INJUBIES IN T H E UNITED STATES T a b le 5.— D isability Distribution and Average D ays Lost p er D isability , by Industry, 1 942— Continued Percent of injuries resulting ! Average days lost in— per disability Industry Death Tem Perma Tem and per Perma porary porary nent nent manent total partial partial total total dis disability disability disability disability ability 1 Nonmanufacturing Construction....... ........................... ............................. Building______ ______________________________ Heavy engineering— ________________________ Highway____________________________________ Not elsewhere classified________________ ______ 1.0 .8 1.1 1.1 1.2 2.3 1.8 3.1 1.7 3.0 96.7 97.4 95.8 97.2 95.8 1,297 1,499 1,175 1,218 1,304 16 16 15 13 14 Communication: Telephone......................................... .7 .2 99.1 638 17 Transportation......................... .................................... Streetcar-----------------------------------------------------Bus_______________ ____ _____ ____ ____ ______ Both streetcar and bus______________________ Trucking and hauling----------------- ------------------Warehousing and storage............ ......... .............. Pipe lines (except natural gas)------------ -----------Not elsewhere classified---- ------ ----------- ---------- .9 .8 .7 1.2 .9 .5 00 C) 6.4 1.0 4.2 1.1 .7 0 (3) (3) 92.7 98.2 95.1 97.7 98.4 99.5 00 00 1,063 1,300 1,333 1,587 1,325 0 750 0 17 19 14 18 14 11 17 16 Heat, light, and power...-------- ---------- ---------------Electric light and power______________________ Gas._______________ ________________________ 1.8 2.2 .6 2.3 2.6 1.4 95.9 95.3 98.0 1, 524 1,554 1,328 20 21 16 Waterworks._______________ ____________________ (3) CO 00 300 13 Personal services________________________________ Dry cleaning___________ _______________ _____ Laundries___________________________________ Laundry and dry cleaning combined.................. Amusements and related services--------------------Hotels, and eating and drinking places....... ........ Miscellaneous personal services------ ----------------- .4 1.0 .2 .5 (3) .4 (3) 1.9 1.0 2.8 2.4 CO .9 CO 97.7 98.0 97.0 97.1 00 98.7 00 1,135 750 920 1,438 0 729 500 14 12 14 15 20 14 16 Business services................................. ........................ Banks and other financial agencies....................... Insurance____ ____ ________ ____ ______ ______ Real estate..................................... ........................ Miscellaneous business services............ ...... ......... .7 0 (3) 0 1.4 1.1 .9 CO .9 1.7 98.2 99.1 00 99.1 96.9 1,210 1,200 0 300 1,580 16 15 19 19 13 Educational services..................................................... (3) CO 00 Trade 1 2........................................................ ................. Wholesale distributors..................... ..................... Retail, general merchandise.................................. Retail, food-------- ---------- ---------- -------------------Wholesale and retail dairy products.................... Retail, automobiles................................................ Filling stations....................................................... Retail, apparel and accessories.............................. Miscellaneous retail stores..................................... Wholesale and retail trade combined.................... .3 .4 .1 .1 .4 0 (3) 0 .6 .4 1.8 1.8 1.1 2.0 1.3 1.7 CO 1.4 2.8 1.3 97.9 97.8 98.8 97.9 98.3 98.3 00 98.6 96.6 98.3 1 Each death or permanent total disability is charged with a time loss of 6,000 days. 2 Weighted by Bureau of Labor Statistics employment data. * Computations not given because of small number of injuries. ! 0 8 914 873 1,220 795 1,136 814 950 800 781 600 15 14 14 16 15 13 17 18 17 14 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN T H E UNITED STATES 21 PARTS OF BODY PERMANENTLY IMPAIRED Because of the considerable interest displayed b y safety men in injuries to various parts of the body— evidencing needs for bard bats, goggles, safety shoes, etc.— the distribution of permanent impairments according to body part injured is again given this year. On the whole, table 6 reveals little change from that for the year 1941. 22 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN T H E UNITED STATES T ab le 6.— Distribution o f A ll Reported Injuries Resulting in Perm anent Partial D is ability , According to Part o f B ody Affected , by Industry , 1942 Percent of permanent partial disability cases involving the loss, or loss of use, of— Industry Total A Afoot An hand or arm fin A leg or toes gers An eye One or both ears Other (hear ing) Manufacturing Chemical products__ _______ ___________________ Drugs, toiletries, and insecticides_____________ Explosives............................................................. . Fertilizers............................................. ............... . Paints and varnishes.............. ............................. . Petroleum refining........ ....................................... . Rayon and allied products..... ......... __.............. . . Soap and glycerin. .............................................. . . Industrial chemicals________________________ _ . Not elsewhere classified________ ____ ___ _____ . 100 3 : = -1 100 5 2 100 100 2 100 12 100 2 100 3 100 5 100 6 100 8 100 4 79 ."■68 83 88 55 40 57 58 76 66 84 2 8 } - ■ » i~ 3 10 2 4 2 1 3 12 8 15 1 23 5 12 3 3 2 11 1 3 Food products............................................................. . Baking. ............................................. ................. . . Canning and preserving..................................... . . Confectionery......... ............. .............................. . Flour, feed, and other grain-mill products........ . Slaughtering and meat packing............................ Sugar refining................................................. ..... . B r e w e r ie s .____ _________ _______ _____ _____ . 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 5 5 3 2 6 3 7 6 67 80 75 92 88 79 56 44 4 1 5 0 2 4 7 5 Iron and steel and their products.............................. . Iron and steel............. .......................... .............. . . Cutlery and edge tools______________________ . Fabricated structural steel__________ _________ . Forgings..... ............................. ............................. . Foundries................................ ............................. . Hardware............................... ........... ......... ......... . Ornamental metalwork______________________ . Plumbers’ supplies________________ __________ . Stamped and pressed metal products................. . Steam fittings and apparatus________________ . Stoves and furnaces, not electric_____________ . Tin cans and other tinware. ......... ............ ......... . Tools, except edge tools.......... .......................... . Wire and wire products__________ ____ ______ . Not elsewhere classified______________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 80 78 92 69 88 72 93 75 89 92 69 91 97 80 89 83 Leather and its products____ _____ _____ ________ . Leather................................................................. . Boots and shoes........................ .......... ............... . 100 100 100 1 2 1 Lumber, lumber products, and furniture....... ......... . Logging............................................................... . Planing mills...................................................... . . Sawmills.............. ................................................. . Furniture, except metal....................................... . Furniture, metal................................................... . Partitions, shelving, and store fixtures...........— . Wooden containers............................................. . . Not elsewhere classified..... ......... ....................... . 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Machinery (not transportation)................................ . Agricultural machinery and tractors................. . . Construction and mining machinery................. . Electrical equipment and supplies......... ............ Food-products machinery.................................. . . Metalworking machinery.................................... . Textile machinery....... ........................................ . Special industry machinery, not elsewhere clas sified__________________________ ___________ . General industrial machinery________________ . Machinery, not elsewhere classified___________ . Paper and allied products. ......................................... Paper......... .............................. ......................... . . Paper and pulp (integrated)............................... . Folding boxes. .................................................... . . Set-up boxes.................. ...................................... . Corrugated boxes................................................ . Not elsewhere classified-..................................... . 1 Less than half of 1 percent. 5 :-7 0 5 15 10 10 10 6 5 8 0) 12 8 5 4 0 8 19 22 3 0 5 0 4 3 9 2 (1) 2 3 0 2 1 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 3 1 0 0 7 6 0 18 7 10 2 10 6 2 13 2 0 12 2 4 6 7 4 6 3 10 2 5 3 2 8 5 0 5 9 5 (1) 0 90 90 90 1 2 0 1 2 0 6 4 8 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 7 3 4 2 0 0 2 3 82 53 85 72 88 93 96 88 87 3 9 1 7 1 0 0 4 1 5 9 7 5 4 0 0 2 4 4 10 2 7 3 7 4 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 12 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 2 2 2 7 1 0 82 86 74 88 73 79 85 2 2 2 1 0 2 3 7 5 8 5 17 10 3 5 5 13 2 0 6 6 100 100 100 0 2 2 84 81 88 1 2 0 8 6 5 4 6 5 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 5 6 4 5 7 0 4 81 75 79 80 89 90 87 3 2 5 5 0 5 1 6 8 5 5 4 5 5 3 4 5 5 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 (1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (l) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 9 0 3 25 6 10 6 7 0 9 6 7 2 0 3 2 21 4 4 0 4 0 5 0 10 2 3 8 2 0 0 0 7 2 5 2 0 0 0 1 C O IO C O fc O M H -fc O Total, manufacturing___________________________ . 23 INDUSTRIAL IN JU RIES IN T H E UNITED STATES T a b le 6.— Distribution o f A ll Reported Injuries Resulting in Perm anent Partial D is ability, According to Part o f B od y Affected , by Industry, 1942 — Continued Percent of permanent partial disability cases involving the loss, or loss of use, of— Industry Total A Afoot An An hand or or arm fin A leg toes eye gers One or both ears Other (hear ing) Manufacturing—Continued Printing and publishing,.......... ___........................... Book and job________ ______ _______________ _ News and periodical.......................................... 100 100 100 6 5 8 84 87 80 3 4 2 5 3 8 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 Rubber and its products................ ........................... Rubber tires............. ............................................ Not elsewhere classified............. .......................... 100 100 100 5 9 0 89 87 90 0 0 0 2 2 4 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 4 Stone, clay, and glass products...... ........................... Brick, tile, and terra cotta......... ........... .............. Cement.____ ______________ ________________ Glass___......................... ............................. ......... Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products............ Not elsewhere classified______________________ 100 100 100 100 100 100 3 3 3 2 0 8 76 79 73 75 64 79 3 1 3 2 9 3 7 7 12 6 9 5 7 9 9 7 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 8 6 5 Textiles and textile-mill products............................. Carpets and r u g s.................... ......... ........... ...... Cotton goods.................................................... Dyeing and finishing........................................ Knit goods___________ __________________ Woolen goods........... ....................................... . Not elsewhere classified-..................................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 5 14 6 14 0 2 0 84 65 84 74 88 83 95 1 0 1 0 3 2 1 5 21 4 10 3 3 1 2 0 3 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 2 2 3 8 3 Transportation equipment ....................................... Motor vehicles______________________________ Shipbuilding......................................................... Railroad equipment....... .................................. — Aircraft ............ ............................................ ___ Motor-vehicle parts. ....... ............................... . Boatbuilding.................................................... Aircraft parts— .................................................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 0 2 1 4 0 2 1 75 84 69 85 77 90 72 78 3 2 5 1 3 1 4 3 9 5 11 10 6 4 7 12 8 8 9 3 9 5 9 5 Miscellaneous manufacturing____________________ Tobacco products_______ ______ ____________ Radios and phonographs__________________ Smelting and refining (nonferrous)-----------------Nonferrous metal products. .................... ........... Not elsewhere classified............. ......... ............... 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 0 0 6 1 77 84 85 50 86 85 2 4 4 2 1 2 11 0 9 32 6 4 Ordnance and a c c e s s o r i e s ..................... .............. Guns and related equipm ent......... .............. . Ammunition, except for small arms.......... ......... Tanks, military________________ __________ Sighting and fire-control equipment___ _______ Tank parts, military________ _____ ________ Small arms--------------------------------- -----------Not elsewhere classified....................................... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 2 1 4 2 4 2 0 80 78 92 73 62 74 68 91 1 2 0 0 2 0 0 3 Nonmanufacturing Construction....... ...................................................—_ Building........... ............................................ ........ Heavy engineering. ..................................... ........ 100 100 100 5 5 6 62 55 59 Transportation___________ ____ _________________ Rapid transit—overhead and underground-----Bus___________________ ______ ______ ____ — Both streetcar and bus...................... .................. 100 100 100 100 5 5 7 9 Heat, light, and power............................................... Electric light, and power.................................... 100 100 Personal services. ............... .......... ........................... Laundries........................................... .................. Laundry and dry cleaning combined_____ ____ Trade_________ ____ ______________ ____________ Wholesale distributors----------------------------------Miscellaneous retail stores.______ _______ _____ i Less than half of 1 percent. 0) 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 1 3 0 1 0 4 1 5 8 2 7 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4 0 3 2 5 9 15 4 7 17 9 10 3 3 2 2 16 7 9 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 1 0 10 4 19 0 8 16 3 11 7 21 10 10 7 0 0 4 7 4 38 34 54 31 5 4 5 17 21 23 12 13 3 2 10 13 0 0 0 0 28 32 12 17 10 10 48 47 7 8 16 17 10 8 0 0 9 10 100 100 100 5 4 10 78 79 80 4 0 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 17 5 100 100 100 1 2 0 76 71 88 5 5 6 4 2 0 8 10 3 0 0 0 6 10 3 0) 0 0) 24 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN T H E UNITED STATES Trend of Disabling Injuries in Manufacturing Industries T he year 1942 was the fourth such period showing an upward trend in disabling work injuries in manufacturing. The experience of about 21,000 identical establishments which reported both in 1941 and 1942 indicates an increase in the all-injury index of 9 percent, from 85.8 to 93.5. A s already pointed out, however, all of this increase came in the group of temporary total disabilities. Death and permanent total disabilities, reversing the upward trend since 1939, dropped from an index point of 80.3 to 70.7. Permanent partial disabilities dropped similarly, from 93.7 to 83.4. Only the index for temporary total disabilities continued upward, from 86.3 in 1941 to 94.1 in 1942. T h e data from 1926 (the base year for the index) onward, are shown in table 7 and graphically on chart 3. INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN T H E UNITED STATES 26 INDUSTRIAL INJURIES IN T H E UNITED STATES T able 7.— Indexes o f In ju ry Frequency Rates in Manufacturings 1 9 2 6 -4 2 , by Extent o f D isability 1 [1926=1001 Year All injuries Death and permanent total Permanent partial 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 100.0 93.6 93.2 99.2 95.6 78.0 100.0 107.1 107.1 92.9 107.1 92.9 1932. 1933. 1934. 1935. 1936. 1937. 80.9 91.8 93.6 88.1 85.7 85.8 107.1 85.7 107.1 92.9 85.7 85.7 113.8 110.1 128.4 1938. 1939. 1940. 1941. 1942. 71.7 73.4 75.3 85.8 93.5 71.4 71.4 71.4 80.3 70.7 78.9 80.7 84.8 93.7 83.4 100.0 96.3 104.6 109.2 111.0 102.8 121.1 114.7 Temporary total 100.0 93.3 92.5 98.7 94.6 76.5 78.9 90.8 91.6 86.2 84.1 83.7 68.1 73.9 75.6 86.3 94.1 1 Beginning with 1937, the indexes are based on the percent of change of the frequency rates of identical establishments in each pair of successive years.